ዊኪፔዲያ tiwiki https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%89%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%88%B2_%E1%8C%88%E1%8C%BD MediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.5 first-letter ሜድያ ፍሉይ ምይይጥ ተጠቃሚ ምይይጥ ተጠቃሚ ዊኪፐድያ ምይይጥ ዊኪፐድያ ፋይል ምይይጥ ፋይል ሜድያዊኪ ምይይጥ ሜድያዊኪ ሞደል ምይይጥ ሞደል ሓገዝ ምይይጥ ሓገዝ መደብ ምይይጥ መደብ ማዕጾ ምይይጥ ማዕጾ TimedText TimedText talk ሞድዩል ምይይጥ ሞድዩል 10 17 2400 2004-01-29T15:21:27Z MediaWiki default 71 wikitext text/x-wiki &lt;sitesupportpage&gt; odlo3q2qspr4rxe1yukj5rilk7wumhq 10 61 2444 2004-01-29T15:21:27Z MediaWiki default 71 wikitext text/x-wiki All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>. iqoi3msj3367xih2y2zwfjc2oojrwxm 4 591 2974 2004-04-11T23:39:52Z 207.31.251.130 wikitext text/x-wiki <ol start=1></ol> pezx7385o3910tfwsxb3suac2dw5g9i 4 592 2975 2004-02-27T16:50:16Z 216.40.225.75 wikitext text/x-wiki <ol start=1></ol> pezx7385o3910tfwsxb3suac2dw5g9i 4 593 2976 2004-02-27T16:50:38Z 216.40.225.75 wikitext text/x-wiki <ol start=1></ol> pezx7385o3910tfwsxb3suac2dw5g9i 4 594 2977 2004-02-27T16:51:45Z 216.40.225.75 wikitext text/x-wiki <ol start=1></ol> pezx7385o3910tfwsxb3suac2dw5g9i 0 595 22535 21437 2021-04-09T00:48:39Z Joanmp14 5782 correction wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/OOUI/styles.css" />__NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ርእሰዋይ}} <div class="main-wrapper"> <div class="main-wrapper-column"> {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል |መንነት = tfa |ሽም = |ርእሰዋይ = ንዕለት ዝተሓርየ ጽሑፍ <div style="float:right;">[[ፋይል:Nuvola filesystems services.svg|38px|]]</div> <br><br>{{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/A|show=link}} |ትሕዝቶ = {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/A}} |ተግባራት = * {{መበገሲ ገጽ/መጠወቒ‎ | {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/A|show=title}} | ኣንብብ }} |ኣማራጽታት = * {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ዝርዝር | ዊኪፔዲያ:ብሉጽ ጽሑፋት/ሕጹያት | ሕጹያት }} |መበገሲ ምስሊ = 1 }} {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል |መንነት = potd |ሽም = <!-- ንዕለት ዝተሓርየ ምስሊ --> |ርእሰዋይ = ንዕለት ዝተሓርየ ምስሊ <div style="float:right;">[[ፋይል:Image-x-generic.svg|38px|]]</div> |ትሕዝቶ = <div style="text-align: center;">{{POTD commons|thumb=no|title=no}}</div> }} </div> <div class="main-wrapper-column"> {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል |መንነት = port |ርእሰዋይ = ዝርዝር ፖርታላት (መደባት) <div style="float:right;">[[ፋይል:Portal.svg|38px|]]</div> |ትሕዝቶ = {{መበገሲ ገጽ/Portals}} }} {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል |መንነት = wmfsp |ርእሰዋይ = [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia projects|ካልኦት ፕሮጀክታት]] [[መሰረት ዊኪሜድያ]]<div style="float:right;">[[ፋይል:Wikimedia-logo.svg|38px|]]</div> |ትሕዝቶ = {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ፕሮጀክታት}} }} ojueva59gts77wsrqvx8j0cpjpy94iu 4 780 3162 2004-08-13T12:56:04Z 24.29.135.164 wikitext text/x-wiki <table> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&amp;from=Fucking" title ="Special:Allpages">Fucking</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">Main Page</td></tr> </table> 6yzhlv36h2yi91v5pn3u9xq0lt6cifj 4 781 5258 4047 2007-04-21T04:21:34Z Blake~tiwiki 77 [[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination]] moved to [[Wikipedia:ባዓል ብዙሕ ቋንቋ]]: Translation into Tigrinya wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4 783 3165 2004-11-30T21:14:25Z Angela 2 deleted "Fucking": content before blanking was: 'fucking sucking' wikitext text/x-wiki <ul><li>21:14, 30 Nov 2004 [[User:Angela|Angela]] deleted "Fucking" <em>(content before blanking was: &#39;fucking sucking&#39;)</em></li> </ul> 5k62oadry9rm1j028rl43g9kt188ayo 0 1476 24661 24551 2023-12-30T12:06:24Z 80.62.117.158 /* ሃይማኖት */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሃገረ ኤርትራ | ሕብረት = ኣባል ሃገር | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Eritrea.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Eritrea (or-argent-azur).svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ዓወት ንሓፋሽ | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = [[ኤርትራ ኤርትራ ኤርትራ]]<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = National Anthem of Eritrea by US Navy Band.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Eritrea (Africa orthographic projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ኣስመራ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = ዋላ ሓደ<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110503234856/http://www.shaebia.org/constitution.html#CHAP1_</ref> (''ቋንቋታት ስራሕ ርኣይ'') | ሃገራዊ_ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ቤጃ|ቤጃ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ትግረ|ትግረ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ኩናማ|ኩናማ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ሳሆ|ሳሆ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ብሊን|ብሊን]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ናራ|ናራ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ዓፋር|ዓፋር]] | ቋንቋታት_ስራሕ = [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]<br /> [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.shabait.com/about-eritrea/eritrea-at-a-glance/49-eritrea-at-a-glance |access-date=2020-08-24 |archive-date=2012-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303132512/http://www.shabait.com/about-eritrea/eritrea-at-a-glance/49-eritrea-at-a-glance |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | ካልእ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = ኣሃዳዊት ሓንቲ ሰልፊ ዘለዋ ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኣብ ትሕቲ ፍጹም ምልካዊ ስርዓት | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] | ሓጋጊ_ኣካል = ሃገራዊ ባይቶ | መሰረት = [[ኤርትራ ኲናት ናይ ናጽነት|ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• [[ብተግባር]]<br />&nbsp;• [[ብሕጊ]] | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ኢትዮጵያ]] <br />24 ግንቦት 1991<br />24 ግንቦት 1993 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኤርትራዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 117,600 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0,14 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 6,081,196 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ኤርትራዊ ናቕፋ|ናቕፋ]] ([[ኣይሶ 4217|ERN]]) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ግዜ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ|EAT]] ([[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]] +3) | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.er]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +291 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 232 / ERI / ER | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ|ሕ.ኣ.]] | መዘኻኸሪታት = }} '''ኤርትራ'''፣ ብወግዒ '''ሃገረ ኤርትራ'''፣ ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ [[ኣፍሪቃ]] እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። ብሰሜንን ብምዕራብን ብ[[ሱዳን]] ትዳወብ፤ ብደቡብ ድማ ምስ [[ኢትዮጵያ]]ን [[ጅቡቲ|ጅቡት]]ን፤ ምብራቕ እታ ሃገር ምስ [[ቀይሕ ባሕሪ]] ሰፊሕ ገማግም ባሕሪ ኣለዎ። ከምኡ’ውን ኣካል ኤርትራ፣ [[ደሴታት ዳህላክ]]፣ ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ [[ምጽዋዕ]] ዝርከብ እኩባት ደሴታት እዩ። ስማ ካብታ ብ1 ጥሪ 1890 ዝተፈጥረት መግዛእቲ ጥልያን ዝነበረት ኤርትራ ዝመጸ ኮይኑ፣ ብስም Mare Erythraeum፣ ''ማረ ኤሪትርየም'' («ቀይሕ ባሕሪ»፣ ብላቲን) ብግዲኡ ካብ «erythros»፣ ''ኤሪትሮስ'' ዝብል ናይ ግሪኽኛ ዝተሰየመ ኮይኑ፣ ትርጉሙ ድማ «ቀይሕ» እዩ። ብ1993 ካብ ኢትዮጵያ ናጻ ኮይና። ርእሰ ከተማኣን ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዘለዋ ከተማኣን [[ኣስመራ]] እያ። ንመብዛሕትኡ ንኤርትራን [[ክልል ትግራይ|ሰሜን ኢትዮጵያ]]ን ዝቖመ [[ንግስነት ኣኽሱም]]፣ ኣብ ከባቢ 1ይ ወይ 2ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ተቐልቂሉ፣ እዚ ንግስነት እዚ ድሕሪ ምቕልቃሉ ነዊሕ ከይጸንሐ [[ክርስትና]] ዝወሰደ እዩ። ኣብ ማእከላይ ዘመን፣ ዝበዝሕ ክፋል ኤርትራ ኣብ ትሕቲ መግዛእቲ ንግስነት [[ምድሪ ባሕሪ]] ኣትዩ፣ ገለ ክፋሉ ድማ [[ሪፓብሊክ ሓማሴን|ሓማሴን]] ኣቚሙ። ኣብ መበል 16 ክፍለ ዘመን [[ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን|ኦቶማናውያን]] ንገለ ክፋል መሬት ኤርትራ ይሕዙ። ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን [[ግብጺ]] ንገለ ክፋል ኤርትራ ወሪራ። ምፍጣር ዘመናዊት ኤርትራ ውጽኢት ምውህሃድ ናጻ መንግስታትን ሓያሎ ተወፈርቲ [[ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኢትዮጵያ]]ን [[ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን]]ን ብምዃኑ፣ ን[[ኢጣልያዊት ኤርትራ]] ንምቛም ምኽንያት ኮይኑ። ብ1885 ኢጣልያውያን ወተሃደራት ናብ መሬት ኤርትራ ብምእታው ብ1 ጥሪ 1890 ከኣ ኢጣልያ ነቲ ዝተወረረ መሬታ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሳ መግዛእቲ ምዃና ብወግዒ ኣዊጃቶ። ብ1941 ኤርትራ ከም ኣካል [[ወፍሪ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ (ካልኣይ ውግእ ዓለም)|ወፍሪ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ]] ብ[[ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ብሪጣንያ]] ተታሒዛ፣ ብ1952 ድማ ምስ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኢትዮጵያ ተሓዊሳ [[ፈደረሽን ኢትዮጵያን ኤርትራን]] ኣጣይሻ። እዚ ግዱድ ሕብረት እዚ ናብ [[ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ]] ዘምርሕ እዩ፣ እዚ ኲናት ናጽነት ናይ ሎሚ ኤርትራ ብ1993 ተዛዚሙ። ኤርትራ ሃገራዊ ምርጫ ብተደጋጋሚ ክናዋሕ ዝጸንሐት ሓንቲ ሰልፊ ዘለዋ ሃገር እያ። ብመሰረት ጸብጻብ [[ህዩማን ራይትስ ዎች]]፣ መዝገብ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት መንግስቲ ኤርትራ፣ ካብቶም ዝኸፍኡ ኣብ ዓለም ተቖጺሩ ይርከብ። ወተሃደራዊ ኣገልግሎት ካብ 17 ክሳዕ 50 ዓመት ግዴታ ስለዝኾነ፣ ዋላ'ኳ እቲ ሕጊ 18 ኣዋርሕ ክጸንሕ ዝእዝዝ እንተኾነ፣ ሰራዊትን ሰበ ስልጣንን እታ ሃገር ብዘይ ፍቓዶም ነቲ ግዜ ንዘይተወሰነ ግዜን ንዘይተወሰነ ግዜን ብምንዋሕ፣ ገለ ኤርትራውያን ካብታ ሃገር ክሃድሙ ይገብሮም። ኩለን ናይ ውሽጢ ሃገር መራኸቢ ብዙሃን ብመንግስቲ ዝውነና ብምዃነን፣ ኤርትራ’ውን ድሕሪ [[ቱርክመኒስታን]]ን [[ሰሜን ኮርያ]]ን ኣብ መሐበሪ ናጽነት ፕረስ ዓለም ዝወሓደ ናጽነት ፕረስ ዘለዋ ኮይና ተሰሪዓ። == ምምሕዳራዊ ክፍልታት == ኤርትራ ኣብ ሽድሽተ ምምሕዳራዊ [[ዞባታት ኤርትራ|ዞባታት]] ትምቀል። [[ፋይል:Eritrea,_administrative_divisions_-_ti_-_colored.svg|left|thumb|230px|ዞባታት ኤርትራ]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ ዞባታት ኤርትራ |- ! ዞባ ! ስፍሓት (ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.) ! ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ! ርእሰ ከተማ |- | [[ዞባ ማእከል|ማእከል]] | 1,300 | 1,053,254 | [[ኣስመራ]] |- | [[ዞባ ዓንሰባ|ዓንሰባ]] | 23,200 | 893,587 | [[ከረን]] |- | [[ዞባ ጋሽ ባርካ|ጋሽ ባርካ]] | 33,200 | 1,103,742 | [[ባረንቱ]] |- | [[ዞባ ደቡብ|ደቡብ]] | 8,000 | 1,476,765 | [[መንደፈራ]] |- | [[ዞባ ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ|ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ]] | 27,800 | 897,454 | [[ምጽዋዕ]] |- | [[ዞባ ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ|ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ]] | 27,600 | 398,073 | [[ዓሰብ]] |} == ስነ ህዝቢ == === ሃይማኖት === {{Bar box |ላዕሊ_ኣርእስቲ=ሃይማኖት ኣብ ኤርትራ (2020)<ref name="Pew Research Center">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|access-date=13 ታሕሳስ 2020|language=en|archive-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221014350/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |ታሕተዋይ_ኣርእስቲ= |ሕብሪ_ኣርእስቲ=#ddd |ርእሰዋይ1=ሃይማኖት |ርእሰዋይ2=ሚእታዊት |ኣሳላልፋ=left |ትሕዝቶ= {{Bar box/Bar percent|[[ክርስትና]]|blue|48.75}} {{Bar box/Bar percent|[[ምስልምና]]|green|51.25}} {{Bar box/Bar percent|ካልኦት ሃይማኖታት|orange|0.4}} {{Bar box/Bar percent|ዋላ ሓደ|gray|0.1}} }} ኤርትራ ክልተ ዓብላሊ ሃይማኖታት ኣለዋ፦ ክርስትና፣ 50% ሰዓብቲ ኣለዋ፤ ከምኡ’ውን 50% ካብ ህዝቢ ዝጥርንፍ [[ምስልምና]] እዩ። == መወከሲታት == <references /> [[መደብ:ኤርትራ| ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] jeq4egfya9m975nk7h30dcgiua4nlv4 4 1565 16843 12593 2013-04-15T01:47:40Z Addbot 2869 wikitext text/x-wiki =Geez Font Download page= # Get the Geez Unicode TTF font # In [[Windows]]: put the .ttf [[font]] into the \Windows\Fonts directory # For [[OS X]]: put the .ttf [[font]] into the /Library/Fonts directory ---- Some Geez Font resources: *[http://ted002.interfree.it/geezfont/gfzemenu.ttf Ted's Gfzemenu.ttf] *[http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html Alan Wood’s Unicode Resources] *[http://edoras.duhs.duke.edu/papers/tigrinya.zip Tigrinya Input and Font for OS X] [[de:Wikipedia:UTF-8-Probleme]] mnrarwf8xk91per4xe6s7dhu76u65hy 0 1650 24662 24109 2024-01-02T03:02:14Z ኣልመዳ 9604 Fixed wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{ሓበሬታ ንኡስ ሃገራዊ ኣካል | ምሉእ ስም = ኣስመራ | መበቆላዊ ስም = | ሕብረት = [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] [[ኤርትራ]] | ምስሊ = Asmara Montage.png | ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_1 = [[ንኡስ ዞባታት ኤርትራ|ዞባ]] | ላዕለዋይ_1 = [[ማእከል]] | ካርታ_loc = ኤርትራ | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 963,000 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ስፍሓት = 12,158,1 | መሰረት = 800 ቅ.ክ. | ህንጻ = ከተማ | ዕለት_ምፍጣር = 1890 | ሃገር = }} '''ኣስመራ''' ዝዓበየትን ርእሰ ከተማን [[ኤርትራ]] እያ። ኣስታት 579 ሽሕ ዝኸውን ህዝቢውን ይቅመጥዋ። ካብቶም ቀንዲ ኢንዱስትርያዊ ፍራያት ዐለባ፡ ዝተዐሸገ ስጋ፡ ቢራ፡ ሳእኒን ኣሕልታትን ይርከብዎም።ከምኡ ውን ኣብ ዩ.ኔ.ስ.ኮ(U.N.E.S.O) ተመዝጊባ ዘላ ከተማ እያ። ቀንዲ ተቀማጦ ኣስመራ ካብ ብሄረ ትግረ ኮይኖም ኣርባዕተ ኣስመራ ሓምሻዮም ነበራ ይብሃሉ: ከምቲ ዝፍለጥ ኣብ ኣስመራ ሸፋቱ የሸግርዎም ስለዝነበሩ እተን ኣንስቶም እየን ኣስሚረንኦም:: ኣርባዕተ ክንብል ከለና ኣሕዋት ኣይነበሩን ገዛ ኣስምዔን ገዛ ስርንስር ጥራሕ እዮም ደቂ ሓደ ሰብኣይ እንዳ ሓሰበላ ዝብሃሉ ናበራ ዝብሃሉ ደቂ ክልተ ኣሕዋት ኮይኖም ካብ ሓሰብን ሓሰበላን ይውለዱ:: ገዛ ስርንስርን ኣስምዔን ነበራን ደቂ ክልተ ኣሕዋት ክኮኑ ከለው:: እቶም ክልተ ነገድ ገዛ ጉረቶምን ሸለለን ግና ካብ ካልእ ቦታ ዝነገዱ እዮም:: ብዛዕባ ነበራ ምስ መግዛእቲ ኣሉላ ናብ ከባቢ ገማግም ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ክቅመጡ ተገዲዶም ኣብ ጉልዒ ዝብሃል ዓድን ብድሕሪ ቤት ገርግሽ ዘሎ ኣጻድፍ ክነብሩ ወሲኖም ብዙሓት ካብኦም ኣብ ከባቢ ኣስመራ ዝነብሩ ኣለዉ። == ታሪኽ == ኣስመራ ኣብ መበል ዐሰርተው ክልተ ክፍለ ዘመን ካብ ኣርባዕተ ማይቤት እያ ተመስሪታ ። ከም ዝዝንተው ፈለማ ገዛ ጉርቶም፣ ገዛ ሸለለ፣ ገዛ ሰረንሰር ን ገዛ አሰምዐ ዝተባህሉ ኣርባዕተ ማይ ቤት ይነብሩ ነይሮም ። ዝተጠቅሱ ማይ ቤታት ካብ መታሕትን ካብ ስግር መረብ ምላሽን ብዝመጹ ዝነበሩ ጸላእቲ ብቀጻሊ ይውረሩ ነበሩ።ነዚ ንምክልካል ድማ ኣንስቲ ኣርባዕቲአን ዓዲ ብሓባር ክሰምራ ተሰማምዓ።እቲ ሓሳብ ውን ንሰብኡተን ነገርኦም ። እቶም ሰብኡት ውን በዚ ተሰማሚዖም ነቲ ሓሳብ ናይ ኣንስቶም ኣብ ግብሪ ኣውዓልዎ። ሳልእን ውን ስለ ዝሰመሩ "ኣርባዕተ ኣስመራ" ኢሎም ነታ ሓዳሽ ዓዲ ሰየምዋ። እቲ ምስኡ ጠቢቑ ዝዓበየ ብ ኢጣልያውያን ዝኸተመ ክፍሊ ኸኣ ኣስመራ ተባሂሉ ክፅዋዕ ጀመረ ። እታ ጥንታዊት ክፋል ግና ክሳብ ሕጂ ደቀባት ይሰፍርዋን ኣርባዕተ ኣስመራ ተባሂላ ትጽዋዕን ኣላ ። ኣስመራ ብ 1889 ወረርቲ ሓይሊ ጥልያን ኣትዮም ኣኸቲሞም ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ናብ ከተማ ምጽዋዕ ዝበጽሕ መገዲ ባቡር ተሰሪሑላ ግን ከኣ ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝጠፍኣ ዓድታት ኣለዋ ኣብ ዉሽጢ ኣስመራ ከም ገጀረት፡ሰምበል፡ሰኒታ፡ቤት መኻእ ኣብ ግዜ ኣሉላ መሬቶም ገዲፎም ተሰደዱ ህዝቢ ደቀባት ናይቲ ቦታ ኣብ ድሕሪ ቤት ገርግሽ ዝርከብ ኣጻድፍ ይነብሩ ኣለዉ። [[Category:ኤርትራ]] 2wbkctafx6p71zhxqvddyspawsfdneu 0 1765 23543 23541 2022-04-15T23:29:52Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DSCN6149 Effelsberg totale.jpg|thumb]] '''ስነ-ኮኾብ''' ('''አስትሮኖሚ''') ናይ አፅናፈ ዓለምን አብ ውሽጡ ዝርከቡ ነገራትን ዘፅንዕ ናይ ምርምር ክፋል እዩ። አስትሮኖሚ ዘፅንዕ ስብ አስትሮኖመር ተባሂሉ ይፅዋዕ። አስትሮኖመራት ዝርኤ ብርሃን ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ከም ናይ ሬድዮ ሞገዳት ዝአመሰሉ ዘይረአዩ ናይ ሓይሊ ዓይነታት ብዝርኢ [[ተለስኮፕ]] ዝተባህለ መሳርያ ን ሰማያት የጽንዑ። አብ ቀረባ ዝርከቡ ከም [[ጸሓይ]] (ምልክት: ☉)፣ [[ፕላነት]]ትን (☿ ♀ 🜨 ♂ ♃ ♄ ⛢ ♆)፣ [[ኮመት]]ትን (☄)፣ ከምኡውን አዝዮም ርሑቕ ዘለዉጋላክሲ ዝተባሃሉ ናይ ጠፈር አካላትን ካልኦት አብ አዝዩ ርሑቕ ቦታ ዝርከቡ ናይ ጠፈር አካላት ብዑምቀት የፅንዑ። jjga477jcydcs5rwujwi7yx8bazn1za 0 1766 24757 23775 2024-04-11T21:36:48Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg with [[File:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:c::File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|]]). wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="thumb tright"> <div style="width:280px;"> {| |valign="top"|[[ፋይል:Thompson's_Gazelle.jpeg|125px]] |valign="top"|[[ፋይል:Yanagi.jpg|125px]] |- |valign="bottom"|[[ፋይል:Goliathus goliatus dos.jpg|125px]] |valign="bottom"|[[ፋይል:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|125px]] |} </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="width:280px;"></div> </div> '''ባዮሎጂ''' ብዛዕባ ህይወት ዘለዎም ነገራት ዘፅንዕ ናይ ምርምር ክፋል እዩ። ነዚ ፅንዓት ዘካይድ ሰብ ''[[ባዮኦልጂስት]]'' ተባሂሉ ይፅዋዕ። መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ባዮሎጂ አብ ክልተ ይምቀል። እቶም ክልተ ጨንፈራትውን ''[[ቦታኒ]]'' (ብዛዕባ ተኽልታት ዘጽንዕ) ከምኡውን ''[[ዙሎጂ]]'' (ብዛዕባ እንስሳታት ዘፅንዕ) እዮም። እዞም ክልተ ጨንፈራት ከአ ደጊም ናብ ዝተፈላለዩ ጨንፈራትን ፍሉይ ናይ ምርምር ክፋላት ይምቀሉ። ይኹን እምበር ከም ''[[አናቶሚ]]'' (ህይወት ናይ ዘለዎም ነገራት ንድፊ ዘጽንዕ ጨንፈር) ን ''[[ጀነቲክስ]]'' (አብ ልዕሊ ውርሰ ባህሪ ድግበር ፅንዓት) ዝአመስሉ መብዛሕትኦም ጨናፍር ባዮሎጂ ንእንስሣ ይኹን ን አታኽልቲ ብዘየገድስ ንክልቲኦም ክፋል ህይወት የፅንዑ። ባዮሎጂስትታት መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ጽንዐቶም ንምክያድ ካብ ጨንፈር ፅንዓት ናቶም ዝተፈልየ ናይ ምርምር ክፋላት ዝጥቀሙሉ ዘዴታትን ሐደስቲ ፍልጠታትን ይጥቀሙ። ንአብነት ተጠቐስና፡ ህይወት አብ ዘለዎም እንስሳታትን አታኽልትን ዝካየዱ ውህደታት ንምርዳእ ክሕግዞም ምእንቲ ''[[ፊዚክስ]]'' ን ''[[ኬሚስትሪ]]'' አብ ዝተባህሉ ናይ ምርምር ጨንፈራት ይውከሉ። == == <gallery> ፋይል:Guriezo Adino vaca toro terneras.jpg|Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus ፋይል:Zboże.jpg|Planta - Triticum ፋይል:Morchella esculenta 08.jpg|Fungi - Morchella esculenta ፋይል:Fucus serratus2.jpg|Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus ፋይል:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer) ፋይል:Halobacteria.jpg|Archaea - Halobacteria ፋይል:Gamma phage.png|Virus - Gamma phage </gallery> [[Category:ባዮሎጂ]] 6fliujvbxle5228ejaoog6lrvkk0e8s 0 1768 17060 6506 2013-08-07T20:34:19Z Codex Sinaiticus 157 wikitext text/x-wiki ናይ '''ጥዕና ሳይንስ''' ንናይ ሰብን [[እንስሳ]]ን ጥዕና ዝምልከት ጨንፈር ስነ ፍልጠት እዩ ። ናይ ጥዕና ሳይንስ አብ ክልተ ጨናፍር ይምቀል ። እቲ ቀዳማይ ንመጽናዕትን ፈተነታትን እቲ ካልኣይ ከኣ ንተግባራዊ መዓላኡ ይምልከት። [[Category:ሕክምና]] e09iad6henj3vhze0i65vslpzaajvtk 10 1777 17091 16803 2013-08-28T12:54:24Z 130.88.141.34 Wikidata wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="margin:0.5em; padding:0.5em; background:#FEE; border:1px solid #999;" |- | [[Image:Icono aviso borrar.png|60px|left]] | <big>'''This page has been nominated for speedy deletion.'''</big><br />The reason given is "{{{1}}}". If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|its talk page]]. If this page obviously does not meet the criteria for speedy deletion, or you intend to fix it, please remove this notice, but do not remove this notice from a page that you have created yourself. <span class="plainlinks">''Administrators, remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|if anything links here]] and [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=history}} the page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|diff=0}} last edit]) before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=delete}} deletion].''</span> |}<includeonly>{{{category|[[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]]}}}</includeonly> gxn8g5r17r8td21qlw8buw1irtw3ewj 0 1920 19551 18296 2019-10-31T08:12:25Z Trần Nguyễn Minh Huy 1478 replace png wikitext text/x-wiki '''ጃፓን''' (日本 Nippon/Nihon) [[File:Japan-location-cia.png|thumb|ጃፓን]] [[File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|thumb|[[ባንዴራ]] ብጃፓን]] [[File:Japan sea map.png|thumb|]] [[File:Satellite image of Japan in May 2003.jpg|thumb|ጃፓን]] [[Category:ጃፓን|*]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] mpgz3j4lp4wgi0wq79nxwdg9b4uv09u 0 1933 6284 6241 2008-06-22T00:26:36Z Jorunn 108 Redirecting to [[ጃፓን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጃፓን]] cm4t6jn4s964u0cxbikyzreeukijonf 0 1935 22488 22481 2021-03-05T21:52:49Z Savh 1407 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:CabbagePotato|CabbagePotato]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ርሑስ ቀውዒ! ርሑስ ምጅማር ትምህርቲ!''': እንሆ እምበኣር ዕረፍቲ ክረምቲ ተወዲኡ፡ ቀውዒ ኣትዩ፡ ቤት ትምህርቲ ተኸፊቱ። መምህራን ስራሕና፡ ተመሃሮ ከኣ [[ትምህርት]]ኹም ጀሚርኩም። ጽቡቕ ምጅማር ይግበረልና! ኣዳለውቲ እዚ መርበብ'ዚ ብዝተኻእለ መጠን ንዓኻትኩም ይጠቅም ይኸውን ኢልና ዝገመትናዮ ነገራት ከነዳልወልኩም ክንፍትን ኢና። መምህራንን ወለድን ተመሃሮን ከኣ በብወገንኩም ብዝተኻእለኩም መጠን፡ ይጠቅም እትብልዎ ጽሑፋት ይኹን ርእይቶታት ምስ እትሰዱልና፡ ትሕዝቶ መርበብና ሃብታም ኪኸውን ይኽእል። ስለ'ዚ ሓገዝኩም ኣይፈለየና። mt5bqxjz3qmqsvvzc1pch88414k0h9c 0 1936 23808 17071 2022-08-07T07:00:54Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቴማ ቋንቋ ኣደ''': ኣብዚ መርበብ'ዚ፡ ብ26 ቋንቋታት፡ ሓበሬታታት ብዛዕባ ቋንቋ ኣደ ይውሃብ። [[ትግርኛ]] ሓንቲ ካብ'ዘን [[ቋንቋ]]ታት እዚኣተን ኢያ። እዚ ዓይነት መርበብ'ዚ ብትግርኛ ዚውሃብ ዘሎ፡ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኢዩ። ብሃገራዊ ምምሕያሽን ምምዕባልን ትምህርቲ ይምወል። ብመምህራን ቋንቋ ኣደ ከኣ ይዳሎ። በብእዋኑ እናማዕበለን እናተለዋወጠን ይኸይድ። ምእንቲ ኪምዕብል ናይ ኵልና ምትሕብባር የድልዮ።ንዚውሃበና ምኽርን ሓበሬታን ምስ ምስጋና ንቕበል። መልእኽትኹም በዚ ዚስዕብ ኣድራሻ ክትልእኩልና ትኽእሉ። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] cp7yx3ufk1nusivc3fyn1uh9wlb4uxo 0 1937 18649 18565 2016-09-01T12:11:02Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ርሑስ ክረምቲ''': ዝኸበርኩም ተኸታተልቲ መርበብና እንሆ ዓመት ትምህርቲ ፪፬፬፫-፪፬፬፬ ተወዲኡ፥ ክረምቲ ኣትዩ፥ ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ተዓጽየን። ተመሃሮ ነናይ ሓደ ዓመት ፍልጠት ወሲኾም። ገለ ካብኣቶም ናይ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ትምህርቶም ፈጺሞም። "ዝኣከብኩሞ ፍልጠት ንባዕልኻትኩምን ንኣከባቢኹምን ንሃገርናን ንዓለምናን ዚጠቅም ይግበሮ!" ተባሂሎም ተመሪቖም። መርበብ ቋንቋ-ኣደ፡ ኣብ ምእታው ቀውዒ፡ ትምህርቲ-ሓዘል መደባቱ ሒዙ ኪመጽእ እናኣተስፈወ፡ ሰናይ ዕረፍቲ ይምነየልኩም። ብሰላም የራኽበና!!! ኣብ ሃገርና ምዕጻው ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ብኸመይ ይብዓል ነበረ? ኣብ ፵ታትን ፶ታትን ናይ መንግስቲ ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ዓበይቲ ከተማታት ከም ኣስመራ፡ ኵለን ብሓባር ኣብ ሓደ ዓቢ ሜዳ ተሰሪዐን፡ በብጽሒተን ብምልዓል፡ ገለ ቤት ትምህርቲ ብመዝሙር፡ ገለ ብትርኢት ምውስዋስ ኣካላት፡ ከምኡ ድማ ብጕያ፡ ብዝላ፡ ብጕስጢ፡ ወዘተ.. ናይ ሓባር ውድድር ብምግባር፡ ይብዓል ነበረ። ነናይ ክፍሎም ብሉጻት ተመሃሮ ኸኣ ካብ ኣመሓደርቲ ብልጫታቶም ይወስዱ ነበሩ። ኣብቲ በዓል ኵሎም ተመሃሮ ብሓባር ዚዝምሩዋ ዝነበሩ መዝሙር: [[ወላዲትና ዓድና]] [[ኣብዛ ዓለም ብመላኣ]] [[ንዓናሲ የልቦን ከምኣ]] [[ግሩም ጸሓይ ኣብ ዋዒኣ ጥዑም'ውን ኣየራ]] rungj65xy8cukhutbgf2w67sczf40hm 0 1939 23810 17069 2022-08-07T07:01:37Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ትምህርቲ ትግርኛ ብርሑቕ''': ኣብ [[ሽወደን]]፡ ኵሉ ቈልዓ ቋንቋ ኣደኡ ኪምሃር መሰል ኣሎዎ። ግን ብዝተፈላለየ ምኽንያታት ገለ ተመሃሮ ኪምሃሩ ዕድል ኣይረኸቡን። ነዚ መፍትሒ ንምፍጣር፡ ትካል ምምዕባልን ምምሕያሽን ትምህርቲ ዝሓለፈ ዓመት ንፈተነ ተባሂሉ፡ [[ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ ኣደ]] ብርሑቕ ብሾብዓተ ቋንቋታት ተዋሂቡ። ሓንቲ ካብ'ዘን ቋንቋታት እዚኣተን [[ትግርኛ]] ኢያ። ኣብዚ ፈተነ’ዚ ዝተኻፈሉ ኣብ [[ክሪስትያንስታድ]] ዚርከቡ ተመሃሮ ኢዮም። ከምቲ ተሓሲቡዎ ዝነበረ፡ ንዕብይ ዝበሉ ተመሃሮ፡ ብ[[ኮምፕዩተር]] እናተሓገዙ ኪምሃሩ ኢዩ። ግን ኣብኡ ዚርከቡ ተመሃሮ ካብ ደቂ ፮ ዓመት ክሳዕ ፮ይ ክፍሊ ዚምሃሩ ኢዮም ነይሮም። ካብቶም ዝተመዝገቡ ፪፯ ተመሃሮ ፩፱ ተኻፊሎሞ። ነቲ ነገር ንምቅላል፡ መምህር ኣብ ወርሒ ሓደ ግዜ እናኸዶም፡ ዝተረፈ ግዜኦም ከኣ ብወለዶም እናተሓገዙ ኪምሃሩ ጸኒሖም። እዚ ቀዳማይ ፈተነ’ዚ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ተዛዚሙ። ኣብቲ መዛዘሚ መዓልቲ፡ ኣኼባ ስድራ-ቤት ተገይሩ። ነቲ ዝሓለፈ ትምህርቲ ገምጋም ተገይሩሉ። ስድራ-ቤታት በቲ ዝተዋህበ [[ትምህርቲ]] ሕጉሳት ከም ዝዀኑ ገሊጾም። ግን ሓደ ግዜ ኣብ ወርሒ ኣዝዩ ውሑድ ስለ ዝዀነ፡ ኣብ ሰሙን ሓደ ግዜ ኪረኽቦም ዚኽእል መምህር ኪግበረሎም፡ እቲ ዝጸንሐ መምህር ከኣ፡ ኪህቦም ዝጸንሐ ኣመሃህራ መታን ከይቋረጾም፡ ገለ ገለ መዓልታት እናመጸ ሓገዙ ኬወፍየሎም ሓቲቶም። ስድራ-ቤታትን ኣካየድቲ ስራሕን በቲ ዝቐረበ ሓሳባት ተሰማሚዖም፡ ተመሳጊኖም ተፈላልዮም። ቀጻሊ ትምህርቲ ኣብ ወርሒ [[መስከረም]] ኪጅመር ኢዩ። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] fcomhddqubz02iwisawicwb1oa71f3b 0 1940 18848 17076 2016-10-30T06:21:56Z 82.164.211.38 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቈላ''': እዚ እቲ ካብ ፬ ክሳብ ፩፶፬()ሜ. ልዕሊ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ዘሎ ቦታ ኢዩ። እዚ ቦታታት እዚ ውዑይ ኢዩ። ብፍላይ ኣብ ግዜ [[ክረምቲ]] ኣዝዩ ውዑይ ኢዩ። ንኣብነት ኣብ ዓሰብ ክሳዕ ፶፭°C ዝተመዝገበሉ እዋን ኣሎ። [[Category:ጆግራፍ]] 905ijy6w35d9d85nyfsbg84zdit8bwd 0 1942 23770 23244 2022-08-06T10:11:04Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} [[ፋይል:Eritrean Highlands.jpg|thumb|ደጋ]] እቲ ካብ ፪፬፬፬(፳፻፬፻፵፬) ልዕሊ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ንላዕሊ ዘሎ ቦታ ደጋ ይብሃል። እዚ ቦታታት እዚ ምስቲ ካልእ ቦታታት [[ኤርትራ]] ኣነጻጺርካ ዝሑል ኢዩ። ኣብ እዋን ቀውዕን ሓጋይን፡ ኣብ ለይቲ ክሳዕ ፭°C ኣቢሉ ይብጽሕ። ብመዓልቲ ግን ካብ ፩፭°C ንላዕሊ ኢዩ። [[Category:ኤርትራ]] 6vub5ae7ro792sj37t9s5shrn9i4fmo 0 1943 20342 20333 2020-03-06T04:48:02Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:HakanIST|HakanIST]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ብመምህር ፍስሃየ [[ባህታ]]''' (ወዲ ዓዲ): ኣንበሳ እቲ " ንጉስ እንስሳ" ተባሂሉ ዚጽዋዕ እንስሳ በረኻ ኢዩ። ቀደም፡ ኣንበሳ ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ ጥራይ ዘይኰነስ ኣብ እስያን ኣብ ገለ ቦታታት ኤውሮጳን'ውን ይነብር ነበረ። ኣብ'ዚ ዘለናዮ እዋን ግን፡ ኣናብስ ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ እቲ ከይበርስ ተባሂሉ ዝተሓዝአ፡ ሃድን ከኣ ዘይፍቀዶ ቦታታት ጥራይ ኢዮም ዚርከቡ። ተባዕታይ ኣንበሳ እቲ ዝሓየለን ግርማ ዘሎዎን እንስሳ ኢዩ። ሓደ ኣንበሳ፡ ኣብ'ቲ ብጹሕ ዕድመኡ፡ ምስ'ቲ ጽቡቕ ጸጕሩ፡ ኣዝዩ ግርማ ዝመልኦ ትርኢት ኣሎዎ። ሓደ ንእሽቶ - እቲ 'ሽደን' ኢልና እንጽውዖ'ውን ጸጕራም ኢዩ። ኣንበሳ ኣብ ግዜ እርጋኑ፡ ሕብሩ እናቐየረ፡ ማለት እናጸለመ'ውን ይኸይድ'ዩ። ተባዕታይ ኣንበሳ ንውሓቱ ( ካብ ርእሱ ክሳብ ጭራኡ) 2,5 ሜ. ኣቢሉ ይበጽሕ። ቍመቱ ( ካብ ርእሱ ክሳብ እግሩ) ከኣ ካብ 1,2 ሜ. ንላዕሊ ኢዩ። ኣንስተይቲ ኣንበሳ (ዋዕሮ) ግን ካብኡ ትንእስ። ክብደቶም ካብ 125 - 250 ኪ.ግ. ኢዩ። ==ምፍራይ== ኣናብስ፡ ደቂ ክልተ ዓመት ምስ ኰኑ ኪወልዱ ይኽእሉ። ምልኦ ዋዕሮ ካብ 105 ክሳዕ 112 መዓልታት ኢዩ። ካብ ክልተ ክሳብ ሓሙሽተ ኰራኵር ክትወልድ ትኽእል። ኣብ ከክልተ ዓመት ትወልድ። እዋን ሕርሳ ምስ ኣኸለ፡ ሓደ ምቹእ ቦታ ትመርጽ። እዚ ቦታ'ዚ ጸላእቲ ብቐሊል ዘይረኽቡዎን ጥቓ ማይ ዘሎዎን ኪኸውን ትመርጽ። ደቃ ኪውለዱ ከለዉ፡ ዓይኖም ኣይርእን'ዩ። ጸጕሮም ከኣ ነቝጣ ነቝጣ ኢዩ። ንኽልተ ኣዋርሕ ካብ ጡብ ኣዲኦም ጥራይ ኢዮም ዚምገቡ። ደቂ ሽዱሽተ ሰሙን ምስ ኰኑ፡ ናብቲ ዚብላዕ ዘሎዎ ቦታ ምስ ኣዲኦም ይስዕቡ። ኰራኵር ኣናብስ፡ ሓደ ዓመት ከይገበሩ ኣስናኖም ስለ ዘይድልድል ባዕላቶም ስጋ ኪምንጭቱ ኣይክእሉን ኢዮም። ስለ'ዚ መግቢ ካብ ኣደኦም ኢዮም ዚጽበዩ። ቀስ ብቐስ ግን ከመይ ጌርካ ከም ዚህደን ይምሃሩ እሞ፡ ደቂ 15 ኣዋርሕ ኣቢሎም ምስ ኰኑ፡ ባዕላቶም ነኣሽቱ እንስሳታት ኪሃድኑ ይጅምሩ። ደቂ ክልተ ዓመት ምስ ኰኑ፡ ኣደኦም መሊሳ መላእ ስለ እትኸውን ኪገድፉዋ ኣሎዎም። ገለ ካብተን ኣንስትዮ ደቃ ኪጸንሓ ይፍቀደለን። እቶም ተባዕትዮ ግን ካብቲ ዕስለ ኬልግሱ ይግደዱ። ==[[ሃድን]]== ኣናብስ ኣብ ግዜ ጸሓይ ዕራርቦ ኢዮም ዚሃድኑ። ኣብ እዋን ቀትሪ ግን ይድቅሱ። ኣናብስ ብለይቲ ናይ ምርኣይ ክእለት ኣሎዎም። ስለ'ዚ ከኣ ብጸልማት ኪሃድኑ ኣይጽገሙን። ተባዕታይ ኣንበሳ ባዕሉ ኣይሃድንን ኢዩ። ምስ ክብደቱ ኣነጻጺርካ ልቡ ንእሽቶ ኢያ። ስለ'ዚ ቍሩብ ምስ ጐየየ ቀልጢፉ ይደክም። እተን ዚሃድና ኣንስትዮ ኢየን። ነቲ ዝተሃድነ ብቐዳምነት ኪበልዖ ዚጅምር ግን እቲ ተባዕታይ ኢዩ። ንሱ፡ በሊዑ ምስ ጸገበ ነተን ኣንስትዮን ደቀነን ኪበልዑ ይፈቕደሎም። 41idqs8ljp1mbnhwvp91btgjpw8jjum 0 1944 21249 21207 2020-09-24T22:20:27Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣነባብራ''' ኣናብስ ከም ሓደ ዓቢ ስድራ-ቤት ኰይኖም ኢዮም ዚነብሩ። ሓንቲ ጕጅለ ወይ ዕስለ ካብ 20 - 30 ዚዀኑ ኣናብስ ይህልዉዋ። ሓደ ተባዕታይ ጥራይ ከኣ ይህሉዋ። ኣብ ገሊአን [[ጕጅለ]]ታት ግን ክሳብ ኣርባዕተ ተባዕትዮ ኪርከቡ ይኽእሉ። እዚኣቶም ግን ወይ ኣሕዋት ወይ ከም ኣሕዋት ኰይኖም ዚነብሩ ኢዮም። እቲ መራሒ ግን ኵሉ ግዜ ሓደ ኢዩ። እቶም ካልኦት ናቱ ተኣዘዝቲ ኢዮም። ኣንበሳ ነቲ ሕዙእ ቦታ ናይ'ታ ወገኑ ኣጽኒዑ ይሕዝ። ካልእ ተባዕታይ ኣንበሳ ኣብ'ቲ ቦታኡ ኪኣቱ ኣይፍቀደሉን። እተን ዋዕሮታት እንተዀና'ውን ካልኦት ዋዕሮታት ኪኣትወአን ኣይፈቕዳን። እንተ ኣትዮሞም ግን ዓቢ ባእሲ ይልዓል። ክሳዕ ዚዳኸሙ ከኣ ይቃለሱ። ሽዑ እቲ ዝሰዓረ ነታ ዕስለ ይውንና፡ እቲ ዝተሳዕረ ኣንበሳ ከኣ ካብኣ ይስጐጕ። 8byjajyopdfoi8rlr31w8d47nhk9pmr 0 1945 20339 20336 2020-03-06T04:48:00Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Codex Sinaiticus|Codex Sinaiticus]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ብተመሃሮ ቤት ትምህርቲ ቡሰንሁስ''': ኣብ ሓደ ቦታ፡ ኣብ [[ኣፍሪቃ]]፡ ብዙሓት እንስሳታት ነበሩ። ሓደ ግዜ ማይ ኪሰትዩ ኣብ ሓደ ሩባ ተራኸቡ። ማይ ምስ ሰተዩ ኬዕርፉ ኮፍ በሉ። ነብሪ ግን ምስኣቶም ኣይነበረን። ቍርብ ጽንሕ ምስ በሉ፡ ኣንበሳ ነገር ደለየ። " ካብ ኵሎም እንስሳታት መን'ዩ ሓያል? " ኢሉ ሓተቶም። ኵሎም ፈሪሖም ንስኻ! ንስኻ በሉዎ። [[ወኻርያ]] ግን ኣይመለሰትሉን። [[Category:ትምህርቲ]] stmrvwa8nhynbnpfqqd8cboymq92jlq 0 1946 21584 21488 2020-12-15T02:29:21Z Dcljr 46 Undo revision 21488 by [[Special:Contributions/2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C]] ([[User talk:2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|talk]]) -- rv blanking wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሓረጋት''': ንበቡ! [[እቲ ወዲ'ቲ]] [[እታ ጓል'ቲኣ]] [[እቶም ዓቢ ሰብኣይ]] [[እተን ዓባይ ሰበይቲ]] [[ትማሊ ዝረአናዮ ወዲ]] [[ጽባሕ እንኸዶ ቦታ]] [[ድሕረይ ዝነበረት ጓል]] [[ቅድመኻ ዝነበረ ቈልዓ]] [[እቲ ሕሱም ከልቢ]] [[እዘን ክልተ ኣዋልድ]] [[ንሕናን ንሳቶምን]] [[ሓጺርን ረጒድን]] [[ነዊሕን ቀጢንን]] [[ህዉኽን ቅልጡፍን]] [[እናጐየየ ከይዱ]] [[እናዘለለ መጺኡ]] [[እናበልዐ የንብብ]] [[እናጸሓፈ ይዛረብ]] [[ብየማኑን ብጸጋሙን]] [[ብላዕልን ብታሕትን]] [[ሰማይን ምድርን]] [[ኣብ ዓድን ኣብ ባሕርን]] [[ንፉዕ ምስ ሕማቕ]] [[ዓቃል ምስ ህዉኽ]] [[ዝሑል ምስ ውዑይ]] [[ብሩኽዶ ርጉም]] [[ጥዑይዶ ሕሙም]] [[ህኩይዶ ትጉህ]] [[ዝተሰብረ ምዕራይ]] [[ዝረስሐ ምጽራይ]] [[በቃቕ ኣንጭዋ]] [[ነብርን ወኻርያን]] [[ኣንበሳን ድብን]] [[ኣቦን ወድን ኣድጎምን]] [[ኣንበሳን ኣንጭዋን]] [[ዘይሓስብ ነጋዳይ]] [[ፈታው ወርቂ ንጉስ]] [[ዳሞንን ፒቲያስን]] [[Category:ሓረጋት| ]] 6031sv4hwsxztowb84j7sk4c398hdcv 0 1948 23815 17062 2022-08-07T07:03:15Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ፪፩ የካቲት [[ዓለምለኽ|ዓለም-ለኻዊ]] መዓልቲ ቋንቋ ኣደ ኢዩ። እዚ መዓልቲ እዚ ብ፩፱፱፱ ብ[[ዩነስኮ]] (UNESCO) ዝተሓንጸጸ ኢዩ። ዕላማኡ፡ ኣብ ዓለም ምሉእ ዘሎ ሰብ [[ቋንቋ]]ኡ ኪጥቀምን ብቋንቋኡ ኪጥቀም ዕድል ኪረክብን ንምትብባዕ ኢዩ። በዚ ምኽንያት፡ ኣብዛ መዓልቲ እዚኣ፡ ኣብ ዝተፈላለያ ሃገራት፡ ገለ ቋንቋታት ንኸይጠፍኣ ንምክልኻል፡ ብቛንቋ ኣደኻ ክትምሃር ምእንቲ ኪክኣልን ኣብ መንጎ ብዙሓት ባህልታት ምርድዳእ ኪህሉን ብዜመልክት ዝተፈላለየ መደባት ከቢሩ ይውዕል። እዚ ትካል'ዚ ንሻብዓይ ግዜኡ ኢዩ ዜብዕሎ ዘሎ። ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ቦታታት ሽወደን፡ ብዝተፈላልየ መገዲ ከቢሩ ውዒሉ። ከም ኣብነት፡ ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዩልስታ ብዓቢ ድምቀት ከቢሩ ኣምስዩ። እዚ በዓል'ዚ ብክልት፫ [[ተማሃሮ]] ኢዩ ተኸፊቱ። ሓለቓ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዩልስታ፡ ኤልሳቤጥ ከኣ ነቲ ኣብኡ ዝነበረ ተዓዛቢ፡ " እንቋዕ ብደሓን ምጻእኩም። ቤት ትምህርትና፡ ካብ ዝተፈላለየ ወገናት ዓለም ዝመጹን ዝተፈላለየ ቋንቋታት ዚዛረቡን ተመሃሮ ዝሓቘፈ ቤት ትምህርቲ ብምዃኑ ብዙሕ የሐብነናን የሐጕሰናን፡ ስል ዝዀነ ከኣ፡ ነዛ መዓልቲ እዚኣ ከነኽብራ ይግባእ" ድሕሪ ምባላ ነቲ መድረኽ ነቶም ነቲ በዓል ዚመርሓ ዝነበራ ተመሃሮ ኣተሓላሊፋትለን። ነቲ በዓል ተመሃሮ ጥራይ ዘይኰኑ፡ ወለዶምን ናእሽቱ ኣሕዋቶምን ኣሓቶምን እውን ተኻፊሎሞ። እዚ ብብዙሓት ስድራ-ቤታት ዝደመቐ በዓል፡ ነታ ቤት ትምህርቲ ብፍላይን፡ ንሽወደን ድማ ብሓፈሻኡን፡ ብዝሐ ባህላውያን ገይሩወን ኣምስዩ። ተመሃሮ፡ ብዝተፈላለየ ቋንቋታት ግጥምታት ነቢቦም። ነፍሲ ወከፍ ጕጅለ ተመሃሮ ነናይ ሃገሮምን ባህሎምን ሳዕስዒታት ኣብ ዘርአዩሉ እዋን፣ በቶም ጕጅለ ጥራይ ከይተወሰነ፡ ካብ ካልኦት ጕጅለታት'ውን ዘዘሊሎም ናብ ስዕስዒት እናተሓወሱዎም፣ ሓደ ዓቢን ናይ ሓባርን ባህሊ መሲሉ ኣምስዩ። ቋንቋ ትግርኛ'ውን ሓንቲ ካብዘን ቋንቋታት እዚኣተን ኰይና ኣምስያ። ተመሃሪት ልዋም ተስፋይ ነዚ ኣብ ታሕቲ ዘሎ ግጥሚ ነቢባቶ።ትዕግስቲ ኣብራሃን ልዋም ፍትዊን ከኣ ናብ ቋንቋ ሽወደን ተጒመናኦ። ተመሃሮ ትግርኛ፡ ብቛንቛ ትግርኛ ኪዛረቡን ኪነቡን ከለው፡ ባህላዊ ሳዕሲዒቶም ኪስዕስዑ ከለውን ክትርኢ ኣዝዩ የሐጕስ። ብዝያዳ ንኺምዕብል ግን ሓገዝ ወለዲ የድልዮ። ወረጃን ሓጎስ ዝመልኦን ምሸት! ኣገናዕ!!! [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] jtfly4l102ldrzc3lcw2tgr8l7c7qoh 0 1949 20343 20332 2020-03-06T04:48:02Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ብልዋም ተስፋይ''': ሓደ ግዜ ወኻርያን ራዛን ጐረባብቲ ነበራ። ሓደ መዓልቲ [[ወኻርያ]] ንራዛ ኣብ ግዜ ምሳሕ ዓደመታ። ራዛ ከኣ ክትምሳሕ መጸት። ጐራሕ ወኻርያ፡ ጽቡቕ ምሳሕ ኣብ ሓደ ገፊሕን ጸፊሕን ሸሓኒ ቀረበትላ። መስኪነይቲ ራዛ ኣፋ ነዊሕ ስለ ዝዀነ ንምብላዕ ጸገማ። ጐራሕ ወኻርያ ንበይና ንዅሉ እቲ መግቢ በልዓቶ። ---- ዝገበረቶ ከየሕፈራ ኸኣ ንራዛ እናላገጸት፡ ፍቕርቲ ጐረበተይ ብዙሕ ስለ ዘይበላዕኪ ሕዝንቲ ኢየ በለታ። ራዛ ዘረባኣ ምስ ሰምዐት፡ ኣይኰነን ኣነ ጽቡቕ ምሳሕ በሊዐ፡ የቐንየለይ መሓዛይ። ንስኺ ከኣ ጽባሕ ኣብ ገዛይ ምሳይ ክትምስሒ ዓዲመኪ ኣለኹ በለታ። ንጽባሒቱ ጐራሕ ወኻርያ ከም ውዕላ ናብ እንዳ ገረቤታ ከደት። ራዛ ከኣ ጽቡቅ ምሳሕ ኣብ ሓደ ነዊሕ ዝኽሳዱ ጥርሙዝ ቀሪባ ኣዳልያ ጸንሓታ። ---- መኣዲ ምስ ተቐረበ ራዛ ኣጸቢቓ በልዐት። ወኻርያ ግና ኣፋ ኣልሚጻ ተረፈት። ሽዑ ወኻርያ በደላ ተፈለጣ። ርእሳ ኣድኒና ኣውን ከደት። ራዛ ከኣ ብልባ ከምዚ ኢያ ዝገበርክኒ ኢላ ስቕ በለት። እዚ እንተረሲዕኩም ሞት ትረስዕኩም። 4svkabruatmbpeyupe33aldobg4nd5n 0 1950 21248 21208 2020-09-24T22:20:26Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ብዮሃና ፍስሃየ''': ሓደ መዓልቲ ሓንቲ ማንቲል ካሮቲ ክትደሊ ወጺኣ። ሽዑ ሓደ ጐብየ ረኺባ። ጐብየ - እንታይ ትደልዪ ኣለኺ? ማንቲለ - ኣይግድሸካን ኢዩ! ጐብየ - ካሮቲ ምሽ! ክትቅልጥፊ ኣለኪ! ማንቲለ - ንስኻ ትቕልጥፍ ማለት ድዩ? ክንወዳደር ጽባሕ ሰዓት ሰለስተ ኣብዚ ንራኸብ። ጐብየ - [[ሕራይ]]! ንጽባሒቱ ንግሆ ጐብየ ተሲኡ ስፖርት ጌሩ፡ ማንቲለ ግን ደቂሳ ስለ ትስዕር መሲሉዋ። ሰዓት ሰለስተ ምስ ኮነ ተራኺቦም። ማንቲለ ኩለን ትፈልጠን ማንቲለታት ኣምጺኣተን፡ መታን ምስ ደኸመት ክሕግዛኣ። ኩለን ማንቲለታት ድሕሪ ስንጽሮታትን ገረብን ተሓቢአን መታን ጐብየ ከይርእየን። ---- ተዅላ ነቲ ቅድድም ጀሚሩሎም። ተዅላ - ሰለስተ! ክልተ! ሓደ! ንቐሉ! ሽዑ ነቒሎም። ኩለን ማንቲለታት እታ ሓንቲ ማንቲለ ክትመጽእ እናተጸበያ በብተራ ጐየን። ጐብየ ስቕ ኢላ ጐያ ጐያ። ኩለን ማንቲለታት በብተራ ምስ ጐየያ እታ ሓንቲ ጠፊኣ። ሽዑ ጐብየ ሓሊፋተን ከይዳ። ስዒራ! ewtohtar9k10ikix6d6fydok3q5qoz4 0 1951 17216 6484 2013-12-19T20:43:44Z 192.12.13.5 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣየናይ ኢዩ ቅኑዕ?''' እ'ዚ ዓምዲ'ዚ ካብ'ዚ እዋን'ዚ ጀሚሩ ብቐጻሊ ኣብ ኣዘራርባናን ኣጸሓሕፋናን ንእንገብሮ ገለ ገለ ጌጋታት ንምእራም ምስ ነበብትና ናይ ሓባር ክትዕ ከነካይደሉ ከፊትናዮ ኣለና። ነቢቡ ዶ ኣንቢቡ መልሲ: ነቢቡ ዝበሃል ትግርኛ ኣበይ ይዝረብ:: ንለውጦ እንተኾይኑ ግና ንመያየጠሉ:: ኣንቢቡ = ንኻልእ ሰብ ከም ዚነብብ ገይሩ ኣንቢዑ = ንኻልእ ሰብ ከም ዚነብዕ ገይሩ ነቢቡ / ነቢዑ (ባዕሉ) መዝገበ ቃላት መሪጌታ [[ግርማጽዮን]]፡ ገጽ 392 ኣንበበ መዝገበ ቃላት [[ትግርኛ]] ተክአ ተስፋይ፡ ገጽ 543 ነብበ፡ ይነብብ፡ ይንብብ፤ መዝገበ ቃላት ሐዲስ ኪዳነ ወልድ ክፍለ፡ ገጽ 618 አንበበ = ለበሃማን ያነብቦሙ = ንዓባሳት ከምዝዛረቡ ይገብሮም። ብልሳነ ግዕዝ ነበበ ብትግርኛ ተዛረበ ማለት እዩ። l9lnu2cfjyhg0751ck6248dirseaw0h 0 1952 23816 17080 2022-08-07T07:03:36Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ድርብ ቋንቋነት''': ዝበዝሑ ህዝብታት ዓለም ሰብ ድርብ ወይ ብዙሕ ቋንቋ ኢዮም። ድርብ ወይ ብዝሐ-ቋንቋ ንውልቀ-ሰብ ይኹን ንሕብረተ-ሰብ ኣዝዩ ጠቓሚ ኢዩ። ካብ ሓደ ሃገር ናብ ካልእ ሃገር ዝቐየሩ ስድራቤታት፡ ቋንቋ ኣደኦም ምስ ዚዕቅቡ ምስ ሃገሮም ርክቦም ኪቕጽሉ ዝቐለል ይዀነሎም። ካብ ከምዚኦም ዓይነት ስድራ-ቤታት ዝተወልዱ ቈልዑ፡ ቋንቋ ስድራኦም ኪዛረቡ ዚኽእሉ ምስ ዝዀኑ፡ ባህሊ ስድራ-ቤቶም ንኺቕበሉ ዝዓበየ ዕድል ኣሎዎም። ድርብ ቋንቋ ዘሎዎም ሰባት፡ ጥቕሚ ብዝሐ-ባህልታት ብቐሊሉ የስተ ማቕሩ፡ ሰፊሕ ኣረኣኣያ ዓለም ኪፈጥሩ ከኣ ይኽእሉ። ቋንቋ ኣደ፡ ንርክብ ኣብ መንጎ ስድራቤታትን ኣዝማድን፡ ንቘልዑ ከኣ ኣብ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም መንነትን ዝምድናን ርግጸኛታት ኪዀኑን ኣዝዩ ጠቓሚ ኢዩ። ኵሎም ቘልዑ ክልተ ወይ ዝያዳ ቋንቋታት ኣብ ሓደ ግዜ ኬጽንዑ ይኽእሉ ኢዮም። ግን ንኽልቲኡ ቋንቋታት ብማዕረ ዚኽእሉዎ ሳሕቲ ኢዩ። ቈልዓ፡ ንኽልቲኡ ቋንቋታት ብዝለ ዓለ ደረጃ መታን ኬማዕብሎ፡ ሓገዝ ስድራ-ቤትን ቅድመ ትምህ ርትን ቤት ትምህርትን የድሊ። ምስቲ ቘልዓ ርክብ ዘሎዎም ዓበይቲ፡ እቲ ቘልዓ ቋንቋ ኣደኡ ንኺጥቀም ብዝተፈላለየ መንገዲ ኬተባብዑዎን ኪድግፉዎን ኣድላዪ ኢዩ። ---- ቋንቋ ውሑዳን ብምጥቃም- ኣብ ስድራ-ቤታት ጥራይ ዘይኰነ፡ ኣብ ቦታ መጻወቲ፡ ኣብ ቅድመ ትምህርቲ፡ ኣብ ክፍልን ኣብ ስራሕን - ስድራ ቤታትን መምህራንን ነቲ ቘልዓ ብዝሐ ቋንቋ ምህላው ባህርያዊ ከም ዝዀነ ብጭቡጥ ኬርእዩዎ ይኽእሉ። ድርብ-ቋንቋነት ብዙሕ ኣወንታዊ ነገራት ስለ ዘሎዎ፣መብዛሕትኦም ክልተ ወይ ሓያለ ቋንቋ ዘሎዎም ስድራ-ቤታት ነዞም ቋንቋታት’ዚኣቶም ኬልግሱዎም ኢልካ ምሕሳብ ብፍጹም ዘይክኣል’ዩ። እቲ ዝተረፈ ሕብረተ-ሰብ፡ ሰባት ብብዙሕ ቋንቋታት ምዝራቦም ብኣወን ታዊ ዓይኒ ምስ ዚርእዮ፣ ምዕባሌ ክልተ ቋንቋ ይቐልል። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] ise4qrualqb7rach4jyxp597ytmf3n0 0 1953 23811 17072 2022-08-07T07:01:58Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ንምዕባለ ቋንቋ ሽወደን ውላደይ''': ብኸመይ ክድግፎ እኽእል? እቲ ጽቡቕ መሰረት መማዕበሊ [[ቋንቋ]] [[ሽወደን]] ናይ ሓደ ቈልዓ፡ ጽቡቕ ምትሕብባር ኣብ መንጎ [[ቅድመ-ትምህርት]]ን [[ቤት-ትምህርት]]ን ወለድን'ዩ። ቅድመ-ትምህርትን ቤት-ትምህርትን ኣብ ናይቲ ቈልዓ ምምዕባል ቋንቋ ሽወደን ዓቢ ሓላፍነት ኣሎዎ። ስድራቤት’ውን ብዝተፈላለየ መንገዲ፡ ብዝያዳ ኸኣ ኣብ ናይ’ቲ ቈልዓ ስራሕ ትምህርቲ፡ ብዝተፈላለየ ኣገባብ ብምትብባዕ፡ ኪሕግዙ ይኽእሉ። ዋላ እቶም ወለዲ ቋንቋ ሽወደን ብዙሕ ዘይክእሉ እንተዀኑ’ውን፣ ኣብ ናይ’ቲ ተመሃራይ ዕዮ-ቤት ኪሕግዙ ይኽእሉ። ብዙሓት ወለዲ፡ ደቆም ምስኣቶም ዚጻወቱ ሽወደናውያን መሓዙት እንተዘይብሎም ከመይ ገይሮም ቋንቋ [[ሽወደን]] ኪምሃሩ ይኽእሉ ዚብል ሕቶ ኣሎዎም። ወለዲ ኪሓስቡለን ዘሎዎም ብውሑድ ክልተ ነጥብታት ኣለዋ። እታ ቀዳመይቲ፡ እቲ ቈልዓ ብዝተፈላለየ መንገዲ ሽወደን ዚዛረቡ ሰባት ኪረኽበሉ ዚኽእል ዕድላት ኪርከበሉ፤ እቲ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ከኣ፡ እቲ ቈልዓ ምስ ካልኦት መሓዙትን ዓበይትን - ቋንቋኦም ሽወደን ይኹን ኣይኹን ብዘየገድስ - ቋንቋ ሽወደን ኪጥቀመሉ ዚኽእል ዕድላት ኪረክብ ኢዩ። ንኣብነት ወለዲ እቲ ቈልዓ፡ ሽወደን ዚዛረቡ ቈልዑ ኣብ ዚርከቡዎ ምንቅስቓሳት ከም ኵዕሶ እግሪ፡ መዝሙር፡ ሳዕስዒት ወዘተ… ኪካፈል ኬተባብዑዎ የድሊ። እታ ካልኣይቲ፡ ነቲ ቈልዓ፡ ኣየናይ ቅድመ-ትምህርትን ቤት-ትምህርትን ከም ዚሰማምዖ ኣብ ግምት ምእታው ኢዩ። እቶም ወለዲ፡ እቶም ኣብ ቅድመ-ትምህርትን ቤት-ትምህርትን ዘለዉ መምህራን፡ ሰፊሕ ፍልጠትን ንቕሓትን ናይ ምዕባለ ድርብ ቋንቋ፡ ትምህርቲ ካልኣይ ቋንቋን ቈልዑ ንኻልኣይ ቋንቋ ከመይ ከም ዚምሃሩን ዚፈልጡ ኪዀኑ ኪጠልቡ መሰል ኣሎዎም። ከምኡ’ውን ወለዲ፡ መምህራን ንናይ ደቆም ቋንቋ ኣደን ሽወ ደንን ብዜማዕብል መንገዲ ዚሰርሑ ኪዀኑ ኪጠልቡ መሰል ኣሎዎም። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] qa9lapg7o0ftv0yd75ryu06zkx3jap2 0 1954 22092 22069 2021-01-23T08:02:48Z Mirinano 6915 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ውላደይ ኣብ ቅድመ-ትምህርቲ ምዝራብ እንተ''': ኣቋረጾ፡ እንታይ ክገብር? ቍሩብ ጽንሕ በል እሞ ተዓዘብ። ኣብ ገለ እዋን፡ ቈልዑ ኣብ’ቲ [[ቋንቋ]] ኣደኦም ዘይዝውተሮ ቅድመ ትምህርቲ ምስ ጀመሩ፡ “እዋን ስቕታ” ተባሂሉ ዚጽዋዕ ተረኽቦ የጋጥም ኢዩ። እቲ ቈልዓ ኸኣ ንነዊሕ እዋን ብ[[ሽወደን]] ሓንቲ ቃል እኳ ኣየውጽእን። ኣብ’ዚ እዋን”ዚ፡ ብኻልእ ኵነታቶም፡ ቅሱናት፣ ብኻልእ ኣገባብ ድማ ሓሳባቶም ዚገልጹ - ንኣብነት ንዝደለዩዎ እናኣርኣዩን እናኣመልከቱን - ኣብ ቤቶም ከኣ ብቋንቋ ኣደኦም ምዝራብ እንተ ዘየቋሪጾም፣ ጸገም የለን ማለት’ዩ። ቅልጡፍ ምልክት እኳ እንተ ዘይተራእየ፡ ኵሉ ግዜ ፍልጠት ናይ’ቲ ሓዲሽ ቋንቋ እናኣዋህለሉ ኢዮም ዚኸዱ። ቈልዑ ድሕሪ’ቲ “እዋን ስቕታ”፡ እኹል ፍልጠት ናይ’ቲ ሓዲሽ ቋንቋ ምስ ኣዋህለሉ ኢዮም ኪዛረቡ ዚጅምሩ። ብዝዀነ ነኣሽቱ ቈልዑ፡ ቋንቋ ኣደኦም ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ቅቡልን ዚዝረበሉን ምዃኑ ምስ ተዓዘቡ ኢዮም ፍዅስ ዚብለሎም። smyo4gv9kqyx4a8l7ujmhxhyisb4ro4 0 1955 23813 17063 2022-08-07T07:02:37Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ውላደይ ኣብ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ን[[ቋንቋ]]-ኣደ''': ከም ዓይነት ትምህርቲ ኪምሃሮዶ? ምርምር ከም ዜርእዮ፡ ብቛንቋ ኣደኦም ምንባብን ምጽሓፍን ተማሂሮም ዝጸንሑ ሰብ ድርበ-ቋንቋ ቈልዑ፡ ነቲ ቋንቋኦም ምምዕባሉን ምዕቃቡን ይቐለሎም። ኵሎም ቈልዑ በቲ ዝሓየለ ቋንቋኦም ኬንብቡን ኪጽሕፉን እንተ ዚምሃሩ እቲ ዝበለጸ ምዀነ። እዚ ኸኣ ቋንቋ ኣደኦም’ዩ። ብሓደ ቋንቋ ምንባብን ምጽሓፍን ምኽኣል፡ ካልእ ቋንቋ ከተንብብ ንምምሃር ዝቐለለ ይኸውን። ቈልዑ ኣብ ሓደ እዋን ሓያለ ቋንቋታት ምንባብን ምጽሓፍን ኪምሃሩ’ውን ይኽእሉ’ዮም። ኣብቲ ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዚውሃብ ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ ኣደ፡ ቈልዓ ብቛንቋ ኣደኡ ምንባብን ምጽሓፍን ናይ ምምሃር ተኽእሎ ኣሎዎ። ንኣብነት ደብዳበ ብምጽሓፍን፡ መጻሕ ፍቲ ይኹን ካልኦት ጽሑፋት ብምንባብን፡ ርክብ ምስ መበቈል ሃገሩ ኪቕጽልን ኬዛይድን ይኽእል። ቈልዓ ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቱ መሰል ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ ኣደ ኣሎዎ። ሓደ ጕጅለ [[ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ]] ኣደ ንምምስራት፡ ኣብ ዞባኦም ብውሑድ ሓሙሽተ ተመሃሮ ኪህልዉ ኣሎዎም። ሓደ ቋንቋ ዘሎዎም ቈልዑ ኣብ በበይነን ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ዚምሃሩ እንተ ዀይኖም፣ ኣብ’ቲ ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ ኣደ ዚውሃበሉ ግዜ ኣብ ሓደ ቤት ትምህርቲ ይእከቡ። እቲ ትምህርቲ ብነጻ ድሌት’ዩ ዚውሃብ፤ ስለዚ ወለዲ ውላዶም ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ ኣደ ኪምሃር ዚደልዩ እንተዀይኖም፡ ንቤት ትምህርቲ ኬመልክቱ ኣሎዎም። እቲ ቈልዓ ቋንቋ ሽወደን ኣጸቢቑ ዘይመልኽ ምስ ዚኸውን፡ ብቛንቋ ኣደኡ ሓገዝ ትምህርቲ ኪረክብ መሰል ኣሎዎ። እዚ ማለት ድማ፡ እቲ ቈልዓ ኣብ በበይኑ ዓይነታት ትምህርቲ ብመምህር ቋንቋ-ኣደኡ ሓገዝ ይረክብ ማለት ኢዩ። መምህር፡ ንትሕዝቶ ናይ’ቲ መማህ ርቱ ዚምሃሩዎ ትምህርቲ፡ ብቛንቋ ኣደኡ የረድኦን ኣብ መጽናዕቱ ይሕግዞን። ነቲ ቈልዓ ሓገዝ ትምህርቲ ብቛንቋ ኣደኡ ዜድልዮ እንተ ዀይኑ እቲ ቤት ትምህርቲ ይውስን። ቋንቋ ኣደ ብኻልእ ኣገባብ’ውን ክትምሃሮ ይክኣል’ዩ። ንዚውሃቡ ኣገልግሎታትን እንታይ ማለት ምዃኖም ንምፍላጥን ንቤት ትምህርቲ ኪሕተት ይክኣል። ንገለ ጕጅለ ቋንቋታትን ኣብ ገለ [[ቦታ]]ታትን ብመልክዕ [[ድርበ-ቋንቋዊ]] ክፍልታት ወይ ናብ ሓደ ቋንቋ ዘድሃበ ነጻ ቤት ትምህርቲ፡ ድርበ- ቋንቋዊ ትምህርቲ ንምምራጽ ተኽእሎ ኣሎ። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] gylq83nwbl2wf7p249a4j4mhokzces6 0 1956 23857 23817 2022-08-09T13:38:23Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ገለ መግለጽታት ቃላት''': ካልኣይ ቋንቋ - እቲ/እቶም ድሕሪ ቀዳማይ ቋንቋ ዚውሃብ/ቡ ቋንቋ/ታት ኢዩ/ዮም። ኣብ መንጎ ቀዳማይን ካልኣይን ቋንቋ ዘሎ ዶብ ንምፍላይ ኵሉግዜ ቀሊል ኣይኰነን። ገና ብቘልዓኡ ተወሳኺ ቋንቋ ንዝተማህረ ቈልዓ ብዚምልከት፡ እቲ ቘልዓ ክልተ ቀዳሞት ቋንቋታት ኣሎዎ ኪብሃል ይክኣል። ቀዳማይ ቋንቋ - እቲ/እቶም መጀመርታ እቲ ቘልዓ ዚምሃሮ/ም ቋንቋ/ ታት ኢዩ/ዮም። [[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] - እዚ ኣምር’ዚ፡ ምስ’ቲ ብ1977 ኪትኣታተው ዝጀመረ ጽገና ቋንቋ-ሃገር ዝተባህለ ተተሓሒዙ ዝቘመ’ዩ። "ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ-ሃገር" ሕጂ "ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ-ኣደ" ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ ኣሎ። ሓደ ካብ ወለዲ ወይ መጕ ዚት፡ ቋንቋ-ኣደኦም ዘይሽወደን ምስ ዚኸውን፣ እሞ መዓልታዊ ምስ ውላ ዶም በቲ ቛንቋ’ቲ ዚዛረቡ ምስ ዚዀኑ፣ ቈልዑ ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ-ኣደ ኪወስዱ መሰል ኣሎዎም። [[ቋንቋ ብዙሕ|ቋንቋ ብዙሓን]] - እቲ ዝዓበየን ዓብላልን ቋንቋ ናይ’ታ ሃገር። ኣብ ሽወ ደን ቋንቋ ሽወደን’ዩ ቋንቋ-ብዙሓን። [[ቋንቋ ውሑድ|ቋንቋ ውሑዳን]] - እቶም ብገለ ክፋላት ናይ’ቲ ህዝቢ ዚዝረቡ ቋንቋታት። ኣብ ሽወደን ሓሙሽተ ወግዓውያን ቋንቋታት-ውሑዳን ውሽጢ-ሃገር ኣለዉ፡- ፊንላንዳዊ፡ ዪዲሽ፡ መአንኬሊ፡ ሮማኒ ቺብ፡ ሳሚ። ካልኦት፡ ሓደስቲ እታው ዚዛረቡሎም፡ ኣዝዮም ብዙሓት ቋንቋታት-ውሑዳን፡ ከም ዓረብ፡ ዳንማርክ፡ ኩርድ፡ ፐርስያዊ፡ ቱርኪ፡ ሶማል ዝኣመሰሉ ድማ'ለዉ። [[ቋንቋ ኣደ ]]- ሰፊሕ ኣምር ኰይኑ፣ ኣውራ ግን እቲ/ቶም ኣብ ቤት ዚጽ ናዕ/ንዑ ቀዳማይ/ሞት ቋንቋ/ታት ማለት’ዩ። [[ድርብ ቋንቋነት]] - ንኽልተ ወይ ዝያዳ ቋንቋታት፡ ብድምር ንምግላጽ እንጥቀመሉ’ዩ። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] sp0t4z6fluqn5qkdxegvcynj3x8eqnv 0 1957 22988 21247 2021-08-05T18:12:08Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ካልኦት ሓበሬታታት''': ናብ መርበብ ኢንተርነት ንዚኣትዉ፡ (ኣብ ኣብያተ ንባብ ኣለዉ) ብዛዕባ ድርበ-ቋንቋነት ኣብ ስድራ-ቤታትን ኣብያተ ትምህርትን ሰፊሕ ሓበሬታ ይርከብ። ብዛዕባ ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ-ኣደ ኣብ ቅድመ-ትምህርትን ቤት ትምህርትን፡ ኣብ መርበብ ቋንቋ-ኣደ ኪርአ ይክኣል። ኣብኡ ናብ ወለድን ቈልዑን ዝኣመተ ፍሉይ ሓበሬታ’ውን ይርከቦ። [https://web.archive.org/web/20051221084456/http://www.skolutveckling.se/mangfald/] [http://www.lhs.se/sfi/] 3m1sxfujzaymwybbazsk01felqag8qf 0 1958 23809 21614 2022-08-07T07:01:15Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ ኣደ''': ትምህርቲ ብቛንቋ ኣደ ኣብ መባእታ፡ ሳላ'ቲ ኣብ ሜዳ ንጡፍ ዓውደ መጽናዕቲ ድሕሪ ምግባር ኪካየድ ዝጸንሐ ኣመሃህራ፡ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ክንሰርሐሉ ዋላ ሽግር ኣየጋጠመን። ካብ 93 - 95 ተሰሪሑሉ። ደሓር ዋሕዲ ሰብ ኣጋጢሙ፡ ደስኪሉ ምስ ጸንሐ፡ ብቛንቋ ኣደ መምህራን ዚዀኑ ንምስልጣን፡ ዓስራይ ክፍሊ ዝወድኡ ዜድሊ ክእለትን ጠባይን ዘማልኡ ተመሃሮ ብምምራጽ፡ ናብዚ ተቐቢልና ነቲ ኣብ መባእታ ዚጠቕሞም ኣገባብ ኣመሃህራ እናመሃርና፡ ምስኡ ድማ ንማትሪክ ንምድላው ዚጥቀሙሉ ትምህርቲ እናሃብና፡ ክንዕወተሉ ክኢልና። ኣብ ርእሲ ካልእ ትምህርቶም፡ (ብ[[ፊደላት ላቲን]] ነንቛንቋኦም) ናይ'ቲ ኪምህሩሉ ዚዳለዉሉ ዘለዉ ቋንቋ ኣደ ይምሃሩ። ኣብዚ እዋን'ዚ ምስልጣን መምህራን ኣብ ክልተ ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ተኸፊሉ፡- እቲ ሓደ ተመሃሮ 10ይ ክፍሊ ወዲኦም ዚኣትዉዎ ኣብ ማይ ነፍሒ ዚርከብ በቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተጠቕሰ ኣገባብ ዚምሃሩ፡ ዝተፈላለዩ ቋንቋ ኣደ ዚምህሩ መምህራን ዚስልጥኑሉ፡ እቲ ካልኣይ ድማ ብሄሮም ኰነ ቋንቋ ኣዲኦም ብዘየገድስ፡ 11 ክፍሊ ወዲኦም ዚኣትዉዎ ኣብ ኣስመራ ዚርከብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ኢዮም።" ንዝሓትተናዮ ምኽሪ መም. መብርህቱ ከምዚ ይብል፡- "ኣብ ሃገር ሽወደን ዘሎ ምዕባሌ ኣዝዩ ልዑል'ዩ። ንነፍሲ ወከፍ ካብ ወጻኢ ዝመበቈሉ ቘልዓ ቋንቋ ኣዲኡ ኪምሃርን ባህሉ ከይርስዕን (ኬማዕብልን) ዚብል ዕላማ ኣዝዩ ቅዱስ'ዩ። ከምኡ እንተ ዘይከውንሲ እቲ ምዕባሌ እቲ ሃገር ንዘዝመጹ ቈልዑ ናብ ባህሉን ቋንቋኡን ውሒጡዎም ምተረፈ። ዚምስገን ኢዩ። እንተዀነ ብዘይካ ትግርኛ ካልኦት 8 ቋንቋታት እውን ስለ ዘለዋና፡ በተን ዝተረፋ ቋንቋታት ሃገርና ኪምህሩ ዚኽእሉ ኤርትርውያን ከምዚ ናታትኩም ኪምህሩ ከተተባብዑዎም እምሕጸን" ኢሉ። ሓጋይ - ክረምቲ ሓግዙኒ ሊቃውንቲ! [[መደብ:ቋንቋ]] 5adppi6mz9rxtrf2qyoep07qf2222ds 0 1959 18583 18489 2016-09-01T12:09:09Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣስዒቡዎ ዘሎ ምግጫው-ትርጉም ኣብ ወጻእን ኣብ ሃገርናን''': እዘን ክልተ በቀማምጣአን ኣንጻር ዝዀና ክፍለ-ዓመታት'ዚኣተን፣ ኣዋርሓተን ማዕዶ-ማዕዶ፡ ኵነታት ኣየረን ዘይቃረብ ዘይቃዶ፣ ገገዛእ-ርእሳተን ዝኸኣላ በበይነን ምዃነን ንምዝኽኻር ጥራይ ክጽሕፍ። ሓጋይ ኣብ ሃገርና ዝሑል፡ ብርሃን መዓልቲ ዚሓጽረሉ፣ ጸልማት ለይቲ ዚነውሐሉ፣ ኣብ ኣዋርሕ ታሕሳስ፡ ጥሪ፡ የካቲት የጋጥም። ክረምቲ ድማ፡ ምዉቕ፡ (ብዘይካ እቲ ዝናብ ኣብ ዚወርደሉ እዋን ዚቕልቀል ግዜያዊ ዛሕሊ) ብርሃን መዓልቲ ዚነውሐሉ፣ ጸልማት ለይቲ ዚሓጽረሉ፣ ኣብ ኣዋርሕ ሰነ፡ ሓምለ፡ ነሓሰ የጋጥም። ፈጺሞም ዘይራኸቡ፡ በብሽዱሽተ ኣዋርሕ ዝተፈላለዩ፣ ምስ ዙረት ዓለምና ኣብ ዙርያ ጸሓይ ኣነጻጺርካ'ሞ፣ ኣብ'ቶም ቀዳሞት ዝረአኻዮም ከዋኽብቲ ከይተረፉ'ውን ኣብ'ቶም ካልኦት ዘይትርእየሉ፣ ንጹር ትርኢትን ኵነትን ዝሓዘሉ ክፍለ-ዓመታት ኢዮም። ኣብዚ እንፈላለ ኣይመስለንን። ፍልልይሲ ብገለ መጺኡና'ሎ!! ---- ብኣቀማምጣ ሓደ ሃገር ኣብ ዓለምና - (ደቡባዊ ዶ ሰሜናዊ ንፍቀ-ክቢ)፧ ዶስ ብመስርዕ ኣዋርሕ ፧ ወይስ ብዅነታት ኣየር ፧ ንዚብሉ ሕቶታት ንምምላስ፣ ኣብ ክልቲኣተን ንፍቀ-ክብታት ዘለዋ ሃገራት፣ ሳመረንን ዊንተረንን (summer - winter) ኣንጻር ምዃኑ ዚስሕቶ ኣሎ ኢለ ኣይኣምንን። እዚ ምስ ዑደት ምድሪ ኣብ ዙርያ ጸሓይን፡ ምስ ምቕናን ዘንጋን ዝተተሓሓዘ ምዃኑ'ውን ንምዝኽኻር ደኣ እምበር፣ ምጡን ትምህርቲ ጂዎግራፍ ንዘሎዎስ ምርድኡ ኣይጽግምን። ንኣብነት ሳመር ኣብ ኤውሮጳ፡ ዊንተር ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ይኸውን ማለት'ዩ። ኣብ ኤውሮጳ ሙቐት ዝበዝሐሉን ሰዓታት መዓልቲ ዝነውሐሉን፣ ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ድማ፡ ዝቘረረን ሰዓታት ለይቲ ዝነውሐሉን እዋን-ዓመት ምዃኑ'ዩ። ሃገርና፡ ከም ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ፡ ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ንፍቀ-ክቢ ትርከብ። ኤውሮጳውያን ንሳመር ኪገልጹዎ ከለዉ፡- "ሙቐት ዝበዝሐሉን ሰዓታት መዓልቲ ዝነውሐሉን፣ ነዋርሕ ሰነ፡ ሓምለ፡ ነሓሰ ዘጠቓለለን'ዩ" ይብሉ። እሞ፡ ኣብ ሃገርና'ውን ሽዑ ሳመር ምዃኑ'ዩ። ግን ከኣ፡ እዘን ኣዋርሕ'ዚኣተን ኣብ ሃገርና "ወርሓት ክረምቲ" ንብለን። ምስ'ቶም ደቂ ዞባና (ሰሜናዊ ንፍቀ-ክቢ) "ሳመርና'ዩ" ክንብል ጸኒሕና፣ ምስ ደቂ ሃገርና "ክረምትና'ዩ" ንብል ማለት'ዩ። ገና ሕጂ'ውን መገድና ኣይሰሓትናን። 314uw9bnl4khsa588502w2k5sfv30bv 0 1961 23821 17055 2022-08-07T07:05:44Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ጾመ ነነዌ''': ልክዕ ድሕሪ 4 ኣዋርሕ፡ ዕለት 6 የካቲት፡ ጾመ ነነዌ ይኸውን። ኵሉግዜ ሰኑይ ኢዩ። ምኽንያቱ፡ ኣብ’ተን 4 ኣዋርሕ፡ ዕለት 6፡ በብ2 መዓልቲ ኣብ ወርሒ ሕሳብ፡ ብ8 መዓልቲ ንቕድሚት ስለ ዚኸይድ። ነነዌ መሰረት ናይ ኣጽዋማትን በዓላትን ኢዩ። [[መደብ:ክርስትና]] 9yiofpot6ev6e54yinaxxie9uvy75pp 0 1962 23820 17061 2022-08-07T07:05:15Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ዓቢይ ጾም''': 2 ሰሙናት ድሕሪ ነነዌ፡ ዓቢይ ጾም ይኣቱ። ሰኑይ 20 [[የካቲት]] ምዃኑ’ዩ። እዚ’ውን ካብ ሰኑይ ኣይወጽእን። [[መደብ:ክርስትና]] 1r6a3rrijzuv3h3hcw2fj2eyzgqs457 0 1963 18597 18506 2016-09-01T12:09:21Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኮርትኒ ቼትዊንድ''' ([[እንግሊዝኛ ፊደል|እንግሊዝኛ]]: Courtney Chetwynde) እዩ ፊክትዮናዊ ካራክተር ([[ዲጀይ መክሀይል]]) እና [[ፔንድራጎን]] እዩ። http://www.thependragonadventure.com [[Category:ፔንድራጎን]] [[fr:Personnages de Bobby Pendragon#Courtney Chetwynde]] aev725pq92lhegbxjsmhmnecrfp8t77 0 1977 24072 24071 2023-01-13T13:14:09Z Sakura emad 7824 +R wikitext text/x-wiki '''ምህንድስና''' ንነገራት ንምንዳፍ ወይ ንምስራሕ ሳይንስን ሒሳብን ምጥቃም እዩ።. {{stub}} de6syq1aem5ou9ni5mractkl9f4oy19 0 1982 22482 22471 2021-03-05T21:52:40Z Savh 1407 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Jorunn|Jorunn]] wikitext text/x-wiki ናይላብረርን ሓበሬታን ሳይንስ {{stub}} 5r6g62vco7x7njjp6rb1z1nzcnf7slo 0 1987 23738 23736 2022-08-01T21:13:21Z Praxidicae 5594 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/79.163.205.206|79.163.205.206]] ([[User talk:79.163.205.206|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Weather Top Wizard|Weather Top Wizard]] wikitext text/x-wiki ሶፍትዌር ምህንድስና {{stub}} ፫ ሓምለ ፳፻፱ ክዊክሶርት / Quicksort ኣብ ስነ-ኮምፒተር እቲ ክዊክሶርት ኣገባብ ሓደ ካብቶም ዝቀልጠፉ ኣገባባት እዩ ሓደ ዓውዲ (Array) ንምስራዕ። እቲ ዓውዲ ዘይስሩዕ ቁጽሪታት ወይ ከኣ ካልእ ትሕዝቶ ክህልዎ ይኽእል። መፍትሒ ናይ ክዊክሶርት እቲ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ „መቀለ ድሓር ሰፈነ“ (= divide and conquer) እዩ። ቅድም ነቲ ዓቢ ሽግር ኣብ ንኣሽቱ ሽግራት ትመቅሎ፣ ድሓር ነቶም ንኣሽቱ ሽግራት ንምፍታሕ ይቀልል እዩ። ሽዑ ስጉም ብስጉም ነቲ ዓቢ ሽግር ትፈትሖ ማለት እዩ። ስለዚ ከኣ እዚ ኣገባብ „መቀለ ድሓር ሰፈነ“ ይበሃል፥ ሓደ ባእታ ካብቲ ዓውዲ ትወስድ (ኣየናይ ባእታ ከምትወስድ ኣገዳሲ ኣይኮነን) ነቲ ዓውዲ ምእንቲ ኣብ መኣከሉ ክትመቅሎ። ድሓር ነቶም ካልኦት ካብቲ ቀንዲ ባእታ ዝንእሱ ባእታታት ኣብ ጸጋም ትገብሮም፣ ነቶም ካልኦት ካብቲ ቀንዲ ባእታ ዝዓበዩ ባእታታት ኣብ የማን ትገብሮም። ድሓር ልክዕ ነዚ ዕማም ትደግሞ፣ ነቲ ሓድሽ ዝወጸ ክፋል ናይቲ ዓውዲ ትመቅሎ፣ ሽዑ ነቲ ሓድሽ ክፋል ትሰርዖ። ድሓር ሙሉእ ዓውዲ ምስ ሰርዓኻ፡ እቶም ባእታታት ኣብቲ ዓውዲ (ትሕዝቶ ዓውዲ) ኩሎም ተሰሪዖም ኣለው። እዚ’ቲ ቀንዲ ሽጣራ ናይቲ ክዊክሶርት ኣገባብ እዩ። ነቲ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ „መቀለ ድሓር ሰፈነ“ ኣብ ብዙሕ ዝተፋላለዩ ነገራት ኣብ ውሽጢ ሶፍትዌር ወይ ስነ-ኮምፒተር ይጥቀምሉ እዩ። ኣብ ውሽጢ’ቲ ፕሮግራም ወይ ኮውድ ሕሳባዊ ፍልጠት ከኣ ክህልወካ ኣለዎ። ስነ-ሎምፒተር ብዘይ ሕሳብ ሙት እዩ። መብርሂ ናይ ክዊክሶርት፥ [[File:quicksort.jpg|center|700px|]] እቲ ዝስዕብ ኣገባብ (= function) ነቲ ቀንዲ ባእታ ይደሊ፣ ነቲ ዓውዲ (files[ ]) ከኣ ይመቅሎ፥ ቀንዲ ባእታ = Pivot [[File:quicksort2.jpg|center|700px|]] [[File:quicksort3.jpg|center|700px|]] p39i77g02ed1n1qgrfjqrmvl8vh20ez 0 1996 21246 21210 2020-09-24T22:20:22Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ዝብእን ወኻርያን''': ሓደ እዋን ሓንቲ ወኻርያ ነበረት። እዛ [[ወኻርያ]] ክልተ ውላዳት ወለደት። ነቲ ሓደ ውላዳ ከበዶም ነቲ ሓደ ከኣ ሸበዶም ዚብል ስም ሃበቶም። እዛ ወኻርያ ንግሆ ተሲኣ፡ ንደቃ መግቢ ከተናዲ ትኸይድ ነበረት። ቅድሚ ምውጻኣ፡ ንደቃ "እዞም ደቀይ! ንዓይ እንተ ዘይኰይኑ፡ ንኻልእ ማዕጾ ከይትኸፍቱ። ኣነ መጺአ፡ ሸበዶም፡ ከበዶም፡ ክፈቱኒ ምስ በልክኹም ጥራይ ትኸፍቱ!" በለቶም። ንሳቶም ከኣ ሕራይ በሉዋ። tcs0902bdhyla7vebq9jgeiqvzlv4e7 10 1997 22710 5068 2021-04-30T13:38:05Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-family:Code2000;">{{{1}}}</span> et677tz6okcc4ur0tjcnyds3xv3eq1j 10 1998 22543 22542 2021-04-12T22:51:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:IPA]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{#if: {{{2|}}} | <span class="nounderlines" style="white-space:nowrap;">{{ድምጺ |1={{{2|}}} |2=<span title="ውክልና ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል (ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ. ወይ IPA)" class="IPA">{{{1}}}</span> |help={{{help|{{{ሓገዝ|}}}}}} }}</span> | <span title="ውክልና ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል (ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ. ወይ IPA)" class="IPA">{{{1}}}</span> }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> e0eypzhtnsgn6tal1m4j947t3amcip3 0 1999 24571 24067 2023-11-16T19:26:33Z 2A02:A45F:7CA8:0:A0FD:C39F:84DB:9171 wikitext text/x-wiki ትግርኛ ሓደ ካብ ሴማውያን ቋንቋታት እዩ። ትግርኛ ኣብ [[ኤርትራ]] ብኣስታት ፬ ሚዮ፣ ኣብ ክልል [[ትግራይ]] [[ኢትዮጵያ]] ኸኣ ብኣስታት ፭ <span lang="ti" dir="ltr">ሚልዮን</span> ህዝቢ ዝዝረብ ቋንቋ እዩ። ፊደላት ትግርኛ ካብ ኣምሓርኛ ቐፂሉ ዝወፀ እንትኸውን ኣዶ ኣምሓርኛን ትግርኛን ዝኾነ ካብ ቋንቋ ግእዝ ዝተዋጽኡ እዮም። {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;" |+ !width="5%"|&nbsp; !width="5%"|ɐ !width="5%"|u !width="5%"|i !width="5%"|a !width="5%"|e !width="5%"|ɨ !width="5%"|o |- !h |style="background:silver"|ሀ||ሁ||ሂ||ሃ||ሄ||ህ||ሆ |- !l |ለ||ሉ||ሊ||ላ||ሌ||ል||ሎ |- !{{Unicode|ħ}} |style="background:silver"|ሐ||ሑ||ሒ||ሓ||ሔ||ሕ||ሖ |- !m |መ||ሙ||ሚ||ማ|ማ||ሜ||ም |ሞ |- style="background:silver"u !r |ረ||ሩ||ሪ||ራ||ሬ||ር||ሮ |- !s |ሰ||ሱ||ሲ||ሳ||ሴ||ስ||ሶ |- !ʃ |ሸ||ሹ||ሺ||ሻ||ሼ||ሽ|ሽ |ሾ |- !k' |ቀ||ቁ||ቂ||ቃ||ቄ||ቅ||ቆ |- !{{IPA|kʷ'}} |ቈ|| ||ቊ||ቋ||ቌ||ቍ|| |- !x' |ቐ||ቑ||ቒ||ቓ||ቔ||ቕ||ቖ |- !xʷ' |ቘ|| ||ቚ||ቛ||ቜ||ቝ|| |- !b |በ||ቡ||ቢ||ባ||ቤ||ብ||ቦ |- !v |ቨ||ቩ||ቪ||ቫ||ቬ||ቭ||ቮ |- !t |ተ||ቱ||ቲ||ታ||ቴ||ት||ቶ |- !ʧ |ቸ||ቹ||ቺ||ቻ||ቼ||ች||ቾ |- !h |style="background:silver"|ኀ||ኁ||ኂ||ኃ||ኄ||ኅ||ኆ |- !n |ነ||ኑ||ኒ||ና||ኔ||ን||ኖ |- !ɲ |ኘ||ኙ||ኚ||ኛ||ኜ||ኝ||ኞ |- !ʔ |style="background:silver"|አ||ኡ||ኢ||ኣ||ኤ||እ||ኦ |- !k |ከ||ኩ||ኪ||ካ||ኬ||ክ||ኮ |- !{{IPA|kʷ}} |ኰ|| ||ኲ||ኳ||ኴ||ኵ|| |- !x 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|isbn=978-0-19-507993-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/573 573] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/573 }}</ref>''' |- valign=top !&nbsp;!!{{transl|sem|ä/e}}<br>{{IPA|[ə]}}!!{{transl|sem|u}}!!{{transl|sem|i}}!!{{transl|sem|a}}!!{{transl|sem|ē}}!!{{transl|sem|ə}}<br>{{IPA|[ɨ], ∅}}!!o!!{{transl|sem|ʷä/ue}}<br>{{IPA|[ʷə]}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷi/ui}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷa/ua}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷē/uē}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷə}}<br>{{IPA|[ʷɨ/ū]}} |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|h}} |{{lang|am|ሀ}}||{{lang|am|ሁ}}||{{lang|am|ሂ}}||{{lang|am|ሃ}}||{{lang|am|ሄ}}||{{lang|am|ህ}}||{{lang|am|ሆ}}|| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|l}} |{{lang|am|ለ}}||{{lang|am|ሉ}}||{{lang|am|ሊ}}||{{lang|am|ላ}}||{{lang|am|ሌ}}||{{lang|am|ል}}||{{lang|am|ሎ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ሏ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ḥ}} |{{lang|am|ሐ}}||{{lang|am|ሑ}}||{{lang|am|ሒ}}||{{lang|am|ሓ}}||{{lang|am|ሔ}}||{{lang|am|ሕ}}||{{lang|am|ሖ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ሗ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|m}} |{{lang|am|መ}}||{{lang|am|ሙ}}||{{lang|am|ሚ}}||{{lang|am|ማ}}||{{lang|am|ሜ}}||{{lang|am|ም}}||{{lang|am|ሞ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ሟ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ś}} |{{lang|am|ሠ}}||{{lang|am|ሡ}}||{{lang|am|ሢ}}||{{lang|am|ሣ}}||{{lang|am|ሤ}}||{{lang|am|ሥ}}||{{lang|am|ሦ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ሧ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|r}} |{{lang|am|ረ}}||{{lang|am|ሩ}}||{{lang|am|ሪ}}||{{lang|am|ራ}}||{{lang|am|ሬ}}||{{lang|am|ር}}||{{lang|am|ሮ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ሯ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|s}} |{{lang|am|ሰ}}||{{lang|am|ሱ}}||{{lang|am|ሲ}}||{{lang|am|ሳ}}||{{lang|am|ሴ}}||{{lang|am|ስ}}||{{lang|am|ሶ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ሷ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ʃ}} |{{lang|am|ሸ}}||{{lang|am|ሹ}}||{{lang|am|ሺ}}||{{lang|am|ሻ}}||{{lang|am|ሼ}}||{{lang|am|ሽ}}||{{lang|am|ሾ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ሿ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|q}} |{{lang|am|ቀ}}||{{lang|am|ቁ}}||{{lang|am|ቂ}}||{{lang|am|ቃ}}||{{lang|am|ቄ}}||{{lang|am|ቅ}}||{{lang|am|ቆ}}||{{lang|am|ቈ}}||{{lang|am|ቊ}}||{{lang|am|ቋ}}||{{lang|am|ቌ}}||{{lang|am|ቍ}} |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|b}} |{{lang|am|በ}}||{{lang|am|ቡ}}||{{lang|am|ቢ}}||{{lang|am|ባ}}||{{lang|am|ቤ}}||{{lang|am|ብ}}||{{lang|am|ቦ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ቧ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|β}} |{{lang|am|ቨ}}||{{lang|am|ቩ}}||{{lang|am|ቪ}}||{{lang|am|ቫ}}||{{lang|am|ቬ}}||{{lang|am|ቭ}}||{{lang|am|ቮ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ቯ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|t}} |{{lang|am|ተ}}||{{lang|am|ቱ}}||{{lang|am|ቲ}}||{{lang|am|ታ}}||{{lang|am|ቴ}}||{{lang|am|ት}}||{{lang|am|ቶ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ቷ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|tʃ}} |{{lang|am|ቸ}}||{{lang|am|ቹ}}||{{lang|am|ቺ}}||{{lang|am|ቻ}}||{{lang|am|ቼ}}||{{lang|am|ች}}||{{lang|am|ቾ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ቿ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|χ}} |{{lang|am|ኀ}}||{{lang|am|ኁ}}||{{lang|am|ኂ}}||{{lang|am|ኃ}}||{{lang|am|ኄ}}||{{lang|am|ኅ}}||{{lang|am|ኆ}}||{{lang|am|ኈ}}||{{lang|am|ኊ}}||{{lang|am|ኋ}}||{{lang|am|ኌ}}||{{lang|am|ኍ}} |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|n}} |{{lang|am|ነ}}||{{lang|am|ኑ}}||{{lang|am|ኒ}}||{{lang|am|ና}}||{{lang|am|ኔ}}||{{lang|am|ን}}||{{lang|am|ኖ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ኗ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ɲ}} |{{lang|am|ኘ}}||{{lang|am|ኙ}}||{{lang|am|ኚ}}||{{lang|am|ኛ}}||{{lang|am|ኜ}}||{{lang|am|ኝ}}||{{lang|am|ኞ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ኟ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ʔ}} |{{lang|am|አ}}||{{lang|am|ኡ}}||{{lang|am|ኢ}}||{{lang|am|ኣ}}||{{lang|am|ኤ}}||{{lang|am|እ}}||{{lang|am|ኦ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ኧ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|k}} |{{lang|am|ከ}}||{{lang|am|ኩ}}||{{lang|am|ኪ}}||{{lang|am|ካ}}||{{lang|am|ኬ}}||{{lang|am|ክ}}||{{lang|am|ኮ}}||{{lang|am|ኰ}}||{{lang|am|ኲ}}||{{lang|am|ኳ}}||{{lang|am|ኴ}}||{{lang|am|ኵ}} |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|x}} |{{lang|am|ኸ}}||{{lang|am|ኹ}}||{{lang|am|ኺ}}||{{lang|am|ኻ}}||{{lang|am|ኼ}}||{{lang|am|ኽ}}||{{lang|am|ኾ}}|||{{lang|am|ዀ}}||{{lang|am|ዂ}}||{{lang|am|ዃ}}||{{lang|am|ዄ}}||{{lang|am|ዅ}} |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|w}} |{{lang|am|ወ}}||{{lang|am|ዉ}}||{{lang|am|ዊ}}||{{lang|am|ዋ}}||{{lang|am|ዌ}}||{{lang|am|ው}}||{{lang|am|ዎ}}|| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ʕ}} |{{lang|am|ዐ}}||{{lang|am|ዑ}}||{{lang|am|ዒ}}||{{lang|am|ዓ}}||{{lang|am|ዔ}}||{{lang|am|ዕ}}||{{lang|am|ዖ}}|| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|z}} |{{lang|am|ዘ}}||{{lang|am|ዙ}}||{{lang|am|ዚ}}||{{lang|am|ዛ}}||{{lang|am|ዜ}}||{{lang|am|ዝ}}||{{lang|am|ዞ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ዟ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ʒ}} |{{lang|am|ዠ}}||{{lang|am|ዡ}}||{{lang|am|ዢ}}||{{lang|am|ዣ}}||{{lang|am|ዤ}}||{{lang|am|ዥ}}||{{lang|am|ዦ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ዧ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|j}} |{{lang|am|የ}}||{{lang|am|ዩ}}||{{lang|am|ዪ}}||{{lang|am|ያ}}||{{lang|am|ዬ}}||{{lang|am|ይ}}||{{lang|am|ዮ}}|| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|d}} |{{lang|am|ደ}}||{{lang|am|ዱ}}||{{lang|am|ዲ}}||{{lang|am|ዳ}}||{{lang|am|ዴ}}||{{lang|am|ድ}}||{{lang|am|ዶ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ዷ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|''dʒ'' |{{lang|am|ጀ}}||{{lang|am|ጁ}}||{{lang|am|ጂ}}||{{lang|am|ጃ}}||{{lang|am|ጄ}}||{{lang|am|ጅ}}||{{lang|am|ጆ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ጇ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|g}} |{{lang|am|ገ}}||{{lang|am|ጉ}}||{{lang|am|ጊ}}||{{lang|am|ጋ}}||{{lang|am|ጌ}}||{{lang|am|ግ}}||{{lang|am|ጎ}}||{{lang|am|ጐ}}||{{lang|am|ጒ}}||{{lang|am|ጓ}}||{{lang|am|ጔ}}||{{lang|am|ጕ}} |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ṭ}} |{{lang|am|ጠ}}||{{lang|am|ጡ}}||{{lang|am|ጢ}}||{{lang|am|ጣ}}||{{lang|am|ጤ}}||{{lang|am|ጥ}}||{{lang|am|ጦ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ጧ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|tʃʼ}} |{{lang|am|ጨ}}||{{lang|am|ጩ}}||{{lang|am|ጪ}}||{{lang|am|ጫ}}||{{lang|am|ጬ}}||{{lang|am|ጭ}}||{{lang|am|ጮ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ጯ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|pʼ}} |{{lang|am|ጰ}}||{{lang|am|ጱ}}||{{lang|am|ጲ}}||{{lang|am|ጳ}}||{{lang|am|ጴ}}||{{lang|am|ጵ}}||{{lang|am|ጶ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ጷ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ṣ}} |{{lang|am|ጸ}}||{{lang|am|ጹ}}||{{lang|am|ጺ}}||{{lang|am|ጻ}}||{{lang|am|ጼ}}||{{lang|am|ጽ}}||{{lang|am|ጾ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ጿ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ṣ́ }} |{{lang|am|ፀ}}||{{lang|am|ፁ}}||{{lang|am|ፂ}}||{{lang|am|ፃ}}||{{lang|am|ፄ}}||{{lang|am|ፅ}}||{{lang|am|ፆ}}|| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|f}} |{{lang|am|ፈ}}||{{lang|am|ፉ}}||{{lang|am|ፊ}}||{{lang|am|ፋ}}||{{lang|am|ፌ}}||{{lang|am|ፍ}}||{{lang|am|ፎ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ፏ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|p}} |{{lang|am|ፐ}}||{{lang|am|ፑ}}||{{lang|am|ፒ}}||{{lang|am|ፓ}}||{{lang|am|ፔ}}||{{lang|am|ፕ}}||{{lang|am|ፖ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp;||{{lang|am|ፗ}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|&nbsp; |- !&nbsp;!!{{transl|sem|ä/e}}<br>{{IPA|[ə]}}!!{{transl|sem|u}}!!{{transl|sem|i}}!!{{transl|sem|a}}!!{{transl|sem|ē}}!!{{transl|sem|ə}}<br>{{IPA|[ɨ], ∅}}!!o!!{{transl|sem|ʷ/ue}}<br>{{IPA|[ʷə/ū]}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷi/ui}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷa/ua}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷē/uē}}!!{{transl|sem|ʷə}}<br>{{IPA|[ʷɨ/ū]}} |} == ናይ ወጻኢ መጋጠሚታት == {{InterWiki|code=am}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ቋንቋ መዋቕራት]] cvtl2la4956nc0gilbpr8jyahfwharr 0 2004 24179 22493 2023-04-04T14:17:30Z 180.214.232.1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ficha de taxón|name=León|fossil_range={{rango fósil|1|0}}[[Pleistoceno|Pleistoceno Inferior]]-reciente|status=vu|status_system=uicn3.1|status_ref=<ref name="iucn">{{IUCN|asesores=Bauer, H., Packer, C., Funston, P. F., Henschel, P. & Nowell, K.|año=2015|edición IUCN=2015.4|consultado=25 de noviembre de 2015}}</ref>|image=Lion waiting in Namibia.jpg|image_caption=''Panthera leo'' macho, o león.|image2=Okonjima Lioness.jpg|image2_caption=''Panthera leo'' hembra, o leona.|regnum=[[Animalia]]|phylum=[[Chordata]]|classis=[[Mammalia]]|ordo=[[Carnivora]]|subordo=[[Feliformia]]|familia=[[Felidae]]|subfamilia=[[Pantherinae]]|genus=[[Panthera]]|species='''P. leo'''|species_authority=({{Harvsp|Linnaeus|1758}})|subdivision_ranks=subspecies|subdivision=<center>[[Panthera leo#Subespecies|Véase el texto]]</center>|range_map=Lion distribution.png|range_map_caption=Distribución histórica (en rojo) y actual (en azul) del león africano en [[África]], [[Asia]] y [[Europa]].|range_map2=Map Guj Nat Parks Sanctuary.png|range_map2_caption=Distribución actual del león asiático.|synonyms=''Felis leo'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small><ref name="Linn1758" />}} እዚ ተባዕታይ '''ኣንበሳ''' ኢዩ። ኣራዊት ኢዩ።ኣራዊት ስጋ ይበልዕ። bfxwvvkbo97d4rguridcpbkjxvf1jqs 4 2005 24787 24762 2024-05-14T21:22:41Z MediaWiki message delivery 3276 ሓድሽ ክፍሊ፦ /* Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC */ wikitext text/x-wiki mt511p5j2evjrg8igo8qjb5pmd5bzqz 0 2015 21184 21183 2020-09-18T11:49:22Z 31.20.196.57 n wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Adi Keyh, chiesa di san giorgio.JPG|thumb|ኦርቶዶክሳዊ ቤት፣ክርስትያን ቅዱስ ጊዮርግስ ኣብ [[ዓዲ ቀይሕ]]]] '''ዓዲ ቐይሕ''' '''ከተማ ዞቧ ደቡብ''' '''ዓዲ ቐይሕ''' [[ናይ ንግዲ ከተማ ኮይና]] ኣብ [[ኤርትራ]], ፻፲ ኪሎሜተር ካብ [[ኣስመራ]] ሪሒቓ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ [[ኤርትራ]] ትርከብ ከተማ እያ። ኣብ ናይ ፳፭፻ ሜትሮ [[ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ]] ተደኲና ትርከብ ምጭውቲ ከተማ ዓዲ ቐይሕ ከባቢ 40,000 ህዝቢ ዝቕመጥዋ ከተማ'ያ። ከም በዓል [[ቛሓይቶ]] ከምኡ ውን [[ተዀንዳዕ]] ዝ ኣመሰላ ታሪኻውያን ናይ ጥንቲ ከተማታት ጥቓ ከተማ ዓድቐይሕ እየን ዝርከባ። ቤት ትምህርቲ ኮለጅ ጥበብን ማሕበራዊ ስነፍልጠት, $17 ሚልዮን ዝውድአ መስርሒኡ ኰይኑ ኣብ ከተማ ዓድ ቐይሕ ይርከብ። ከተማ [[ዓዲ ቐይሕ]] ዞባ ደቡብ ብዝሒህዝቢ [[40,000]] ሃገረ ኤርትራ ቛንቛ [[ትግርኛን]]፣ሳሆን ብዝሒ ህዝቢ 40,000 gcd1k4n6c5tourwjci4iknjf6nv4tv0 0 2016 23833 18605 2022-08-07T07:13:58Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ፈረንሰኛ ፊደል ---- A À Â Æ B C Ç D E È É Ê Ë F G H I Î Ï J K L M N O Ô Œ P Q R S T Ù Û Ü V W X Y Ÿ Z a à â æ b c ç d e è é ê ë f g h i î ï j k l m n o ô œ p q r s t ù û ü v w x y ÿ z [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] pnyatiumrs8wdaaw90mj3rqpd1bbfv5 0 2017 24081 23831 2023-01-17T23:38:06Z 151.44.73.168 wikitext text/x-wiki ጀርመንኛ ፊደል ---- A Ä B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Ö P Q R S ẞ T U Ü V W X Y Z a ä b c d e f g h i j k l m n o ö p q r s ß t u ü v w x y z [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] j7yj444gxs85phxq6p2s8l6i3a988xv 0 2018 23993 23992 2022-11-13T13:04:40Z Saroj 5301 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/67.231.162.127|67.231.162.127]] ([[User talk:67.231.162.127|talk]]) to last version by የኑረነቢ ማህደር wikitext text/x-wiki እስፓንኛ ፊደል ---- A Á B C CH D E É F G H I Í J K L LL M N Ñ O Ó P Q R S T U Ú Ü V W X Y Z a á b c ch d e é f g h i í j k l ll m n ñ o ó p q r s t u ú ü v w x y z [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] e1omsf8828dwrqg022c9e7am5v7jp25 0 2019 23827 22484 2022-08-07T07:11:54Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ኢታልያንኛ ፊደል ---- A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V Z a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v z [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] dbeqe2en2o5iw5imhmbn4rsmw7ovh8y 0 2024 23268 20354 2021-11-01T11:23:26Z Wolverène 3395 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ER-Barentu.png|thumb|200px]] '''ባረንቱ''', [[ኤርትራ]]። ባረንቱ ርእሰ ከተማ ዞባ ጋሽ ባርካ ኮይና፡ካብ ርእሰ ከተማ ኣስመራ ንምዕራብ 240ኪ'ሜ ካብ ከሰላ (ሱዳን) ድማ ኣስታት 162ኪ'ሜ ርሒቓ ትርከብ። {{stub}} [[Category:ኤርትራ]] ex7pk5gwtxqcxp7lsvy0ti12zv841gp 0 2025 23881 19315 2022-09-13T17:06:46Z 197.252.201.160 Fixed grammar wikitext text/x-wiki '''ደቀምሓረ<br>ዞባ ደቡብ ኣከለጉዛይ''' '''ደቀምሓረ''' ዓባይ ከተማ ሓንቲ ካብ [[ኤርትራ]] ኮይና። ኣርብዓ ኪሎሜተር ሪሒቓ ካብ [[ኣስመራ]] ብደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ትርከብ።[[File:Dekemhare, strada principale 08.JPG|thumb|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[File:ER-Dekemhare.png|thumb|200px]] ''ከተማ ደቀምሓረ ኣብዚ ካርታ ብቀይሕ ነጥቢ ዘለዋ ቦታ ትርከብ'', [[ኤርትራ ኣከለጉዛይ]]. ከተማ ደቀምሓረ ዞባ ደቡብ [[ንኡስ ዞባ ደቀምሓረ]] ብዝሒ ህዝቢ 30,000 ቛንቛ [[ትግርኛ/ትግረ/ሳሆ/]] ቦታ ከበሳ k4wrqvo3oxufnx29pig84nvk1v2da8i 0 2027 23771 16464 2022-08-06T10:11:18Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:ER-Ghinda.png|thumb|200px]] {{stub}} [[Category:ኤርትራ]] 74fvbxsxuda54u5xaym9whmk2evu3re 0 2029 24759 23772 2024-04-23T22:09:24Z ዮናስ ቦኽረ 9843 ኣጣቃቅማ ሰዋሱ ትግርኛ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Massawa harbour.JPG|thumb|220x124px|right]] '''ምጽዋዕ''' ኣብ [[ኤርትራ]] ትርከብ፣ ካልአይቲ ዝዓበየት ከተማ ናይዛ ሃገር አያ ከኣ። ካብ ኣስመራ ንሸነኽ ምብራቕ ኣስታት 115 ኪሎመተር ሪሒቓ ትርከብ። {{Stub}} [[Category:ኤርትራ]] ea75abgq4zdlw0s1wmqx7pigelejjp4 0 2030 21597 21498 2020-12-15T02:44:24Z Dcljr 46 Undo revision 21498 by [[Special:Contributions/2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C]] ([[User talk:2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|talk]]) -- rv unexplained page blanking wikitext text/x-wiki ''' መንደፈራ<br>ዞባ ደቡብ''' [[Image:ER-Mendefera.png|thumb|200px]] ''እታ ቀያሕ ነጥቢ መንደፈራ ትርከበላ ቦታ እያ። ''መንደፈራ ደቡብ:[[ኤርትራ]] t70kxacee5hr9i6qskktlh7wxr6x344 0 2031 23768 21696 2022-08-06T10:10:29Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:ER-Nakfa.png|thumb|200px]] ናቕፋ ኣብ ዞባ ሰመናዊ ቅይሕ ባሕሪ [[ኤርትራ]] እትርከብ ከተማ እያ፣ ናይ ኤርትራ ባጤራ ውን ካብ ናታ ስም ዝተወሰደ እዩ። ናቕፋ ኣብ ግዜ ቃልሲ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ከም ቀንዲ ማእከል ናይ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርንት ኤርትራ ኮይና ኣገልጊላ። ናቕፋ ብሰንኪ ጽዑቕ ናይ ነፈርቲ መጥቃዕቲ ዓንያ ሓንቲ መስጊድ ጥራሕ ደው ኢላ ተሪፋ፣ ናቕፋ ብድፋዓት ተኸቢባ ትርከብ፣ ኣብ ናይ ግዜ ቃልሲ ሓይልታት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንከተማ ናቕፋ ምስ ኣተዉ ክሳብ ግዜ ናጽነት ሓይልታት ጸላኢ ኣብ ትሕቲ ኢዱ ንኽትወድቕ ዘይፈተኖ ኣይነበረን ክኾነሉ ድማ ኣይከኣለን በዚ ምኽንያት ናቕፋ ኣደ ጽንዓት ዝብል ስም ሒዛ ። ''.]] {{stub}} [[Category:ኤርትራ]] pmbz8wdyber0h148k4q1zhl84id1sbt 0 2032 21713 5154 2020-12-30T04:27:08Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ናቕፋ (ከተማ)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ናቕፋ (ከተማ)]] 9njge550w6p87zghzrcl0zg1fs214uc 10 2037 22699 22677 2021-04-30T13:36:04Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = width: 560px; margin:auto; | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:No iwiki template.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <span style="font-size:medium;"> '''ጀምር!''' እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </span> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }} <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት]] fil6yv4ecu28e7vi7q98n3qla29xpp5 0 2038 23761 23250 2022-08-06T10:06:30Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki ዞባ ማእከል * [[ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ]] * [[ሰረጃቓ]] * [[በሪኽ]] * [[ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ]] * [[ደቡባዊ ምዕራብ]] * [[ጋላ ነፍሒ]] {{Stub}} [[Category:ዞባታት|ማእከል]] ba027bcuu5jw403z0midraya7zurkhf 0 2039 23762 23251 2022-08-06T10:06:46Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki ዞባ ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ * [[ምጽዋዕ]] * [[ሽዕብ]] * [[ቃሩራ]] * [[ናቕፋ]] * [[ኣፍዓበት]] * [[ዳህላክ]] * [[ገልዓሎ]] * [[ጊንዳዕ]] * [[ፎሮ]] {{Stub}} [[Category:ዞባታት|ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ]] 8r6hc2szm7k32a6nz7ofusmdr57qoxy 0 2040 24507 23763 2023-09-15T06:33:06Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ዞባ ዓንሰባ * [[ሃበሮ]] * [[ሓልሓል]] * [[ሓጋዝ]] * [[ሰላዕ]] * [[ኣስማጥ]] * [[ከረን]] * [[ከርከበት]] * [[ዒላ በርዕድ]] * [[ዓዲ ተከሌዛን]] * [[ገለብ]] {{Stub}} ==መርበብ== {{Commonscat|Anseba Region}} [[መደብ:ዞባታት|ዓንሰባ]] 480jxbgb3veqj1pz96d3sa7foypsdph 0 2041 23765 23254 2022-08-06T10:07:26Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki ዞባ ደቡብ * [[መንደፈራ]] * [[ማይ ምነ]] * [[ሰንዓፈ]] * [[ሰገነይቲ]] * [[ኩዶ ብዕር]] * [[ዓረዛ]] * [[ዓዲ ቀይሕ]] * [[ዓዲ ዃላ]] * [[ደቀምሓረ]] * [[ድባርዋ]] * [[ጸሮና]] እዋእ ኣንቱም ሰባት ኣነ ምስ እዛ ሓፍቲ ብናይ ዓይኒ ቪዶ ፍቅራ እንበር ዓቢደ በጃኹም እባ መልስኹም ሓልየትኩም ኣይፈለየኒ ጉድ ተረኺቡ ከይ ሓሰብካዮ ወልፊ ዝሕዘካ እኮ ከምዚ ኢዩ ዝብሃል ቡዙሕ ግዜ ስለ ዝካታተሎ ንሳ ተማሓላልፎ ናይ ቪዶ መልእክቲ ካብ ምርኣይ ዶ ይኾዉን? ካብ ስራሕ ካብ ዘቃርጽ ዳርጋ ሳልስቲ ክልተ ሰሙን ኮይኑ ኣሎ ናታ ቪዶ ክርኢ እሞ ገለ በሉኒ {{Stub}} [[Category:ዞባታት|ደቡብ]] pghxqxhfii53ueuas8bcug1rj5pghv1 0 2042 23764 23253 2022-08-06T10:07:12Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki ዞባ ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ * [[ማእከል ደንካልያ]] * [[ዓረዓታ]] * [[ደቡብ ደንካልያ]] {{Stub}} [[Category:ዞባታት|ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ]] rcoo9hoqf4cy1y2muq29bwev0fm6nrd 0 2043 23766 23255 2022-08-06T10:07:36Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki ዞባ ጋሽ ባርካ * [[ሃይኮታ]] * [[ላዕላይ ጋሽ]] * [[ሎጎ ዓንሰባ]] * [[መንሱራ]] * [[ሞልቂ]] * [[ሞጎሎ]] * [[ሻምበኮ]] * [[ባረንቱ]] * [[ተሰነይ]] * [[ኣቝርደት]] * [[ኦምሓጀር]] * [[ድገ]] * [[ጎኘ]] * [[ፎርቶ]] * [[ሻምቡቆ]] {{Stub}} [[Category:ዞባታት|ጋሽ ባርካ]] 38npprltj63ynnp8ljjqsukhvklcg2w 10 2044 20851 18778 2020-07-22T20:14:51Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Welcome]] to [[ሞደል:ሰላምታ]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Heckert GNU white.svg|right|thumb|]] '''Welcome to Tigrinya Wikipedia'''! As you may have guessed already, a significant proportion of the regular contributors to this site know little or no Tigrinya. We hope you can contribute, no matter what your language skills are. '''Enjoy'''! obnkmzs39j6vgxyuwwkx6pphatxg80i 10 2045 5189 2007-04-20T11:30:57Z Blake~tiwiki 77 New page: <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="translate" style="background: #ffd; border: 1px solid #aa8; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px" font align="center"> <small>This page may contain English... wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="translate" style="background: #ffd; border: 1px solid #aa8; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px" font align="center"> <small>This page may contain English-language content that should be translated into Tigrinya.</small> </div> <includeonly>[[Category:Pages needing translation to Tigrinya]]</includeonly> kzwzjttlfoshqkkm64p3yhv0x9d5qoa 14 2047 23305 23304 2021-11-18T01:30:46Z 83.253.241.199 ቡ wikitext text/x-wiki በThese are all stubs in the Tigrinya Wikipedia, and you can help them by expanding them. Template link: {{tl|stub}} [[Category:Stub categories]] {{ስም ወርሒ/ወርሒ}} cm0ks7fnhynqwkbnm4o5n572m804f2x 10 2048 21795 20986 2021-01-06T00:21:47Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Tl]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <code>{{[[{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE:{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}} | {{ns:0}} = ሞደል:{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}{{!}}{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}} | {{ns:10}} = {{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}{{!}}{{PAGENAME:{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}} | #default = {{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}} }}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&#124;{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&#124;{{{3}}}}}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&#124;{{{4}}}}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&#124;{{{5}}}}}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|&#124;{{{6}}}}}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|&#124;{{{7}}}}}{{#if:{{{8|}}}|&#124;{{{8}}}}}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|&#124;{{{9}}}}}}}</code><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 4goa9gxegimrb7mlph3r650vbpn9j7t 0 2050 21244 21212 2020-09-24T22:20:07Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki እቲ ወዲ'ቲ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 2tt2k02bd28tecdyudsbo9potl9o3rv 0 2051 21243 21213 2020-09-24T22:20:06Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki እታ ጓል'ቲኣ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] ewuluh6qb4fhsh9ejuv6ihfbhs60cup 0 2052 21242 21214 2020-09-24T22:20:05Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki እቶም ዓቢ ሰብኣይ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] t4qotx2y74daultconvf90l1pc12mcj 0 2053 21241 21215 2020-09-24T22:20:04Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki እተን ዓባይ ሰበይቲ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] cmdxm8ukaoquo861jbdgf38zlbyxz81 0 2054 21240 21216 2020-09-24T22:20:03Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ትማሊ ዝረአናዮ ወዲ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 57h09m7iwc28zluobytbsbbvne9onhf 0 2056 22093 22068 2021-01-23T08:02:49Z Mirinano 6915 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki ድሕረይ ዝነበረት ጓል ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] fb2hwdus3cfuuaw3jepvaftgt6f20oy 0 2057 18593 18501 2016-09-01T12:09:18Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki ቅድመኻ ዝነበረ ቈልዓ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] ntaimej6ylyuwh1mgfxt66l59321i7p 0 2059 21239 21217 2020-09-24T22:19:35Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki እዘን ክልተ ኣዋልድ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] gblzwzmy745cc11btgfbvi6z1yfcorn 0 2060 18634 18553 2016-09-01T12:09:54Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki ንሕናን ንሳቶምን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 5enlf91024i4ap834m2hzyyut0fonld 0 2062 21238 21218 2020-09-24T22:19:34Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ነዊሕን ቀጢንን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] lgzu97y3cqmdagy3ljcwwp7t8i9s0ka 0 2064 22279 22261 2021-02-06T15:33:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki እናጐየየ ከይዱ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] lteakn9zzsxwqph2xth56c92bmfz8kl 0 2065 18625 18543 2016-09-01T12:09:47Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki እናዘለለ መጺኡ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 54gi12csa40n08qt8unjowa41y8clt2 0 2066 18572 18478 2016-09-01T12:09:01Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki እናበልዐ የንብብ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] ei31ta4typf1guqwwd2y1c0ur44mmf6 0 2067 18587 18494 2016-09-01T12:09:13Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:70.105.30.46|70.105.30.46]] wikitext text/x-wiki እናጸሓፈ ይዛረብ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] cawda5yw5hx14m57gc4hyyc56hga68p 0 2068 20338 20337 2020-03-06T04:48:00Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki ብየማኑን ብጸጋሙን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] g5n0fcvbgopl9bo5w1f1oo4utm94p26 0 2069 20344 20331 2020-03-06T04:48:02Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:.anaconda|.anaconda]] wikitext text/x-wiki ብላዕልን ብታሕትን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] gdunsd4123qr0d8uk3nutqs4tnudd6b 0 2070 22364 22358 2021-02-19T15:05:56Z Praxidicae 5594 rvv wikitext text/x-wiki ሰማይን ምድርን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 6zrx69314q2zns4s5z5b6x71a3uebuv 0 2071 18616 18528 2016-09-01T12:09:35Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:70.105.30.46|70.105.30.46]] wikitext text/x-wiki ኣብ ዓድን ኣብ ባሕርን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 5s7q9e8kcceaj8qe5mmtvkji8yg7jyf 0 2072 18607 18518 2016-09-01T12:09:28Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ንፉዕ ምስ ሕማቕ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] aylya0dj2zlu2el95gaox72tyxk0apf 0 2073 22365 22357 2021-02-19T15:05:56Z Praxidicae 5594 rvv wikitext text/x-wiki ዓቃል ምስ ህዉኽ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 8uz5n605pamkm79f5m3jhkm7lvnluh7 0 2074 21236 21220 2020-09-24T22:19:31Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ዝሑል ምስ ውዑይ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] f4pj7qg8xxyffhtyx3mmmzqmepmx97y 0 2075 20341 20334 2020-03-06T04:48:01Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:HakanIST|HakanIST]] wikitext text/x-wiki ብሩኽዶ ርጉም ሓረግ እዩ [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 8mybrnvvk0zle9nqja47dq1azu1486b 0 2078 21234 21222 2020-09-24T22:19:29Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ዝተሰብረ ምዕራይ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 8fgsikprdr3sz4gizs0am0flg0tthts 0 2079 23144 23143 2021-10-10T23:23:23Z Stang 4466 revert edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:8803:5904:DA00:B451:3B13:DA2C:4A45|2600:8803:5904:DA00:B451:3B13:DA2C:4A45]] wikitext text/x-wiki ዝረስሐ ምጽራይ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] raq0mv17870qikkzb9wv49uisjxqnpq 0 2080 20357 20318 2020-03-06T04:48:07Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki በቃቕ ኣንጭዋ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] e7wwfns8ot4bw808zfh81rm2en5lhzb 0 2081 18929 5229 2017-02-24T20:04:52Z 80.171.162.8 wikitext text/x-wiki ኣሰላሙዓለይኩም ወራሕመቱላሂ ወበረካትሁ!! ዓቒዳ/እምነት ፍትዋት ሙእሚኒን የሕዋተይ ሎምዓንቲ መሰረታውያን ዓንድታት እምነት (ኢማን) ኣብ እስልምና ክንርኢ ኢና፣ እቶም እምነ-ኩርናዕ እስልምና ዝኾኑ ሽዱሽተ ዓንድታት እምነት እዞም ዝስዕቡ ኢዮም፥ እምነት ብሓደ ኣላህ እምነት ብመላእኽቱ እምነት ብመጻሕፍቱ እምነት ብልኡኻቱ (ነቢያቱ) እምነት ብመወዳእታ መዓልቲ (ብህይወት ድሕሪ ሞት) ከምኡ ድማ እምነት ብቕድመ-ድንጋጌ (ሕማቕን ጽቡቕን ኩሉ ብፍቓድ ኣላህ ከም ዝፍጸም ምእማን ዝብሉ ኢዮም፣) ቀጺልና ሓደ ብሓደ ንርኣዮም፥ *1. እምነት ብ ሓደ ኣላህ እቲ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ዘመሓላለፎ ቀንድን መሰረታውን ምህሮ “እምነት ኣብ ሓደነት ኣላህ” ኢዩ፣ እዚ ኣምር’ዚ ብኢስላማዊ ቛንቛ “ተውሒድ” ተባሂሉ ይፍለጥ፣ እምነ-ኩርናዕ ናይ ድሕነት ካብ ጀሃነም ድማ ኢዩ፣ ሓደነታዊ ኣምልኾ ኣላህ ክበሃል ከሎ ንኣላህ ብዘይ ዝኾነ ዓይነት ወሰኽ ንውልቁ ምምላኽ ማለት ኮይኑ፤ “ ኢስላማዊ ከሊማህ ” ተባሂሉ ድማ ይፍለጥ። ኢስላማዊ ከሊማ ነቲ “ላኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ” ዝብል ኣምር ዝውክል ኮይኑ፡ ብትግርኛ ክንትርግሞ ከለና፡ “ብዘይካ ሓደ ኣላህ ካልእ ኣምላኽ የለን” ማለት ኢዩ፣ እዛ ምዕርግቲ ሓረግ እዚኣ ዓንዲ ሕቖ ናይ እስልምና እያ፣ እዛ ከሊማ እዚኣ ከኣ ንእምነትን ክሕደትን ኣላህ ብንጹር እትፈሊ ዶብ’ያ ክትበሃል ትከኣል፣ በዛ ኢስላማዊት ከሊማ ብምእማን ኣብ ዓለምን ድሕሪ ሞት ዘሎ ህይወትን ዓወት ምጉንጻፍ ይከኣል፣ ነዚኣ ኣዝያ ውቕብቲን ረዛንን ሓረግ ምንጻግ ድማ ብዓቢኡ ነቲ ዘልኣለማዊ ህይወት ምኽሳርን ኣብ ገሃነም-እሳት ምንባርን የኸትል፡ እዛ ከሊማ ንእምነትን ክሕደትን እትፈላሊ ዶብ’ያ ካብ በልናያ፡ ብዘይ ኣፍልጦ “ለለ…” ናይ ዝበልካ ግን ኣይኮንን፣ ነቲ ሰረተ-እምነት ብንቕሓት ምቕባልን ኣብ ግብራዊ ህይወትካ ብምልኣት ምስዓብን የድሊ፣ ምኽንያቱ “መግቢ” “መግቢ” ኢልካ ብቃልካ ናይ ዝደጋገምካ ጥራሕ ጥምየትካ ኣይዕንገልን ኢዩ፣ ወይ ስም መድሃኒት ፈውስኻ ብቃልካ ብምጥቃስ ጥራሕ ካብ ሕማምካ ክትሓዊ ኣይትኽእልን ኢኻ፣ ብተመሳሳሊ እዛ ከሊማህ እዚኣ ጽቡቕ ጌርካ ክሳዕ ዘይተረዳእካያ እቲ ዘድሊ ለውጢ ኣብ ህይወትካ ከተምጻልካ ኣይትኽእልን ኢያ፣ ለውጢ ክመጽእ ዝኽእል ንሙሉእ ትርጉም ናይቲ ሰረተ-እምነት ብምጭባጥ ብቃልን መንፈስን ምስ እትትግብሮ ጥራሕ ኢዩ። ሓዊ ከም ዘቃጽል ስለ እንፈልጥ ካብኡ ንርሕቕ፣ መርዚ ከምዝቐትል ስለ እንርዳእ ካብኡ ንኽልከል፣ ብተመሳሳሊ ንተውሒድ (ኣምልኾ ሓደ ኣላህ) ብግቡእ ብምርዳእ፤ ክሕደት፡ ኢ-ዚሄርነትን ብዙሐ-ዚሄርነትን ከነወግድ ንኽእል፣ ዝርዝራዊ ትርጉም ኢስላማዊ ከሊማህ ብቋንቛ ዓረብኛ “ኢላህ” ማለት እቲ ኣምልኾ ወይ መግዛእቲ ዝግበኦ ማለት ኢዩ፣ ኣላህ ድማ ውልቃዊ ስም ናይ ኣምላኽ ኢዩ፣ በቲ ደርማሳዊ ሓይሉን ዕብየቱን ተደሪኽና ብትእዛዙ መሰረት ብትሕትና ንሰግድን ንምብርኸኽን፣ ኢላህ ዝብል ኣምር ነቲ ዘይጽንቀቕ ሓይሊ ዘለዎ ጎይታ ዘመልክት ኮይኑ፡ ኩሉ ፍጡር ዘበለ ናብኡ ይጽጋዕን ይምርኮስን፣ ንዑኡ ግን ናይ ዝኾነ ኣካል ደገፍ ኣየድልዮን፣ ነቲ ኢላህ ዝብል ኣምር ዝእምቱ ኣብ ካልኦት ቋንቋታት’ውን ይንጸባረቁ ኢዮም። ንኣብነት ብ ቋንቋ ፐርሺያ “ኩሑዳ”፡ ብህንዲ “ደቫ”፡ “ጋድ” ድማ ብእንግሊዘኛ። ኣብ ታሪኽ ደቂስብን ጥንታዊ ቅርስታትን ተሞርኪስና ምስ እንምርምር፡ ኩሎም እቶም ዝሓለፉ ኣህዛብ ዘምልኽዎ ኣምላኽ ወይ ኣማልኽቲ ነይርዎም ኢዩ፣ ካብቲ ድሑር ዝበሃል ፍልማዊ ሕብረተሰብ ክሳዕ እዚ ሕጂ ዘለናዮ ኣመና ዝሰልጠነ ሕብረተሰብ። ነናቱ ዝኣምነሉ ኣምላኽ/ኣማልኽቲ ዘይነበሮ የለን፣ ንሓደ ነገር ኣምላኽካ ጌርካ ንዑኡ ምስጋድ ካብ ጥንቲ ምስ ውሽጣዊ ባህሪ ወዲሰብ ተተሓሒዙ ክኸይድ ዝጸነሐ ኢዩ፣ ከምኡ ክገብር ዝድርኾ ኣብ ውሽጣዊ መንፈሱ ገለ ነገር ከምዘሎ ኢዩ ብተመራመርቲ ዝሕበር። ካብቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝጠቐስናዮ ተበጊስና ሓደ ሕቶ ክንሓትት ንኽእል፣ እቲ ጥንታዊ ወዲሰብ ዘምልኾ ኣምላኽ ንኽገብር ዝገብሮ ዝነበረ ውሽጣዊ ድሪኺት እንታይ ኮን ነይሩ ይኸውን? ሎሚ ቦታ ወዲሰብ ምስቲ ተመራመርቲ መጀመርታን መወዳእታን ዘይብሉ ኢሎም ዝገልጽዎ ኣዝዩ ሰፊሕ ኣድማስ ብምንጽጻር እንተሪኢናዮ እቲ መልሲ ብሩህ ይኸውን፣ ወዲሰብ ይኹን ባህሪ ፍጹማት ኣይኮኑን፣ ሰብ ሓይሉ ውሱን፡ ድኹም፡ ድኻን በተኽን ኢዩ፣ ነታ ናብርኡ ጥራሕ ኣብ ኣዝዩ ብዙሕ ረቛሒታት ይሙርኮስ፣ እዞም ንናብርኡ ዘገድሱ መሰረታውያን ነገራት ንባዕሎም ኣብ ሓደ ግዜ ክርከቡ ኣይክእሉን፣ ምናልባት ሓደ-ሓደ እዋን ብቐሊልን ባህርያውን መንገዲ ኣብ ኢዱ ክኣትዉ ይኽእሉ ይኾኑ፣ ሓደ-ሓደ ግዜ ግን ኣመና ኢዮም ዝሕረምዎ፣ ክረኽቦም ዝቃለስ ኣገደስትን ጠቐምትን ነገራት ብርግጽ ኣለዉ፣ ይኹን’ምበር ኩሉ ኣብ ኢዱ ስለዘይኮነ ሓደ ግዜ ይዕወተሎም ሓደ ግዜ ድማ ይኸስሮም፣ ክከላኸሎም ዘይክእል ኣመና ጎዳእቲ ኣጋጣሚታት ውን ኣለዉ፣ ናይ ሙሉእ ዕድሚኡ ስራሕ ኣብ ሓጸርቲ ካሊእታት ክዓኑ ይኽእል፣ ዕድሉ ኣብ ዘይደልዮን ዘይተጸበዮን ሰዓት ብሃንደበት ሞት ተምጻሉ፣ ብዘይክኡ ሕማም፡ ስቅያትን ባህርያዊ ሓደጋታትን ንሓጎሱ ብምጽራር ይሻመዉዎ፣ ካብዚ ኩሉ ክናገፍ እኳ እንተተቓለሰ ምስ ዓወትን ውድቐትን ኢዩ ዝጋጠም። ብዕብየቶምን ምዕሩግነቶምን ጥራሕ ዘርዕድዎ፡ ዓበይቲ እምባታት፡ ወሓይዝ፡ ገዘፍቲ እንስሳታትን ብዙሓት ካልኦት ነገራትን ኣለዉ፣ ብምንቅጥቃጥ መሬትን ማዕበላትን ይፍተን፣ ልዕሊኡ ቁሊሕ እንተበለ ድማ ደበናታት ሰማይ እናተኣኻኸቡን እናጸለሙን ከለዉ ይርእዮም፣ ከቢድ ድምጺ ነጎዳን ንጸልማት ዝቐድድ በርቅን ይዕዘብ፣ ዕልቕልቕ ዘኸትል ዝናብ ይመጾ፣ ናብ ጸሓይ፡ ወርሒን ከዋኽብትን ድማ የቃልብ፣ ወትሩ ከኣ ኣብ ርጉእን ቀጻልን ምንቅስቃስ ይረኽቦም፣ ማዕረ ክንደይ ዓበይቲ፡ ሓያላትን ውቁባትን ምኻኖም ይግንዘብ፣ ምስ’ቶም ዝዕዘቦም ኣካላት ባህሪ ብምውድዳር ናቱ ቦታን ዓቅምን ኣዝዩ ንእሽቶ ምዃኑ ኣጸቢቑ ይርዳእ፣ እዞም ክስተታት እዚኦም ብሓደ ሸነኽ፡ ንቕሓቱ ድማ ብኻልእ ሸነኽ ንድኹምነቱ፡ ትሑትነቱን ሓጋዚ ኣልቦነቱን የዘኻኽርዎ፣ ጥንታዊ ሓሳብ ኣምልኾ እምበኣር ካብዚ ምንጪ’ዚ እንተተበገሰ ዘይባህርያዊ ኣይኮነን፣ ኣብቲ መጀመርታ ምንጪ ሓይሊ ናይቶም ብዓይኑ ዝርእዮም ዝጠቕምዎን ዝጎድኡዎን ዓበይቲ ክስተታት ካብ ገዛእ ርእሶም ስለዝመስሎ፡ ነዐኦም ኣማልኽቱ ጌሩ ይወስዶም፣ ስለዝኾነ ንኣግራብ፡ እንስሳታት፡ ወሓይዝ፡ እምባታት፡ እሳት፡ ዝናብ፡ ኣየር (ንፋስ)ን ካልኦት ፍጥረታትን ከምልኽ ጀሚሩ፣ እዚ ብርግጽ እቲ ዝበኣሰ ዓይነት ድንቁርና ኢዩ ነይሩ፣ ምኽንያቱ ዝያዳ ክመራመር ምስ ጀመረ፤ እቶም ስልጣንን ሓይልን ኣለዎም ኢሉ ዝኣመነሎም ዓበይቲ ባህርይውያን ነገራት፤ ኣብ ካልእ ሓይሊ ከምዝሙርኮሱን ንገዛእ ርእሶም ክድግፉ ዓቕሚ ከምዘይብሎምን ከስተውዕል ኪኢሉ ኢዩ። ምኽንያቱ እቲ ዓብን ሓያልን ዝበሎ እንስሳ ልክዕ ከምቲ ደቂቅ ጀርም ክመውት ከሎ ይርእዮ፣ ዓበይቲ ፈለጋት መሊኦም ዕልቕልቕ ክብሉ ከምዘይጸንሑ ምስ ግዜ ይነጽፉ፣ ፍርያምነት መሬት ኣብ ናታ ቁጽጽር ጥራሕ ዘይሙዃኑ፤ የግዳስ ኣብ ማይ ከምዝሙርኮስ፤ ማይ’ውን ንባዕሉ ኣብ ኣየር ከምዝሙርኮስ፤ ኣየር ድማ ከምኡ ኣብ ካልእ ጠንቂ ከምዝድገፍ ይበርሃሉ። እቲ ኣብዚ ዝጠቐስናዮ ደረጃ ንቕሓት ዝበጸሐ ሓንጎል ወዲሰብ፤ እቶም ዝሓሰቦም ኣማልኽቲ ካብዘይኮኑ፤ ሓንጎሉ ናብ ካልኦት ተኽእሎታት ክጠውዮ ጀመረ፣ መለኮታዊ ባህሪ ዘለዎም ምስጢራውያን ሓይልታት ንዝተፈላለዩ ክስተታት ክቆጻጸሩ ስልጣን ከምዘለዎም ኣመነ፣ እዚ ካልእ ዓይነት ድንቁርና ብወገኑ ናብ ኣምልኾ ቁጽሪ ዘይብሎም ኣማልኽቲ ኢዩ ርዒሙ፣ “ኣምላኽ ጸሓይ”፡ “ኣምላኽ ወርሒ”፡ “ኣምላኽ ኣየር” ወ.ዘ.ተ.፣ ገሊኦም ድማ ነቲ ዝኣምኑሉ ኣምላኽ ዝውክል ቅርጻ ብምቕራጽ ነቶም ምልክታት ከምልኹ ጀመሩ፣ ገና ሕጂ’ውን እቲ ሓቂ ካብ ዓይኒ ወዲሰብ ተኸዊሉ ተረፈ። ወዲሰብ ብትምህርትን ምዕባለን እናገስገሰ ክመጽእ ምስ ጀመረ፡ ንከባቢኡን ባህርያዊ ኩነታትን ኣጸቢቁ ክርዳእ ከኣለ፣ ንከባቢኡን ኣድማስን ብሓፈሻ ዝቆጻጸር ሓያል ሕግን ቁጽጽርን ከምዘሎ ድማ ኣመነ፣ ካብቲ ሕጊ ፈልከት ዘይብል ፍጹምን ምዕሩይን ምብራቕን ምዕራብን ጸሓይ፤ ኣብ ንፋሳት፡ ኣብ ዝናብ፡ ኣብ ምንቅስቓስ ከዋኽብትን ለውጥታት ወቕቲታትን፤ ኮታ ኣብ ኩሉ ስርዓታት ዝተፈላለዩ ሓይልታት ብዘደንቕ ውህደት ብሓባር ክዓዩ ከለዉ ተዓዘበ፣ እዚ ኣመና ዓቢን በሊሕን ሓይሊ፤ ንዝተፈላለዩ ጠንቅታት ኣድማስ ኣብ ሓደ ዝተደልየ እዋን ብሓባር ተዋሃሂዶም ብምስራሕ ዝተደልየ ውጺኢት ከተግብሩ ይገብሮም፣ ኩሉ ኣካላት ባህሪ ነቲ ሓደ ላዕለዋይ ሕጊ ተማእዚዙ ብምዕሩይ መንገድን ብዘይምቅይያርን ክኸይድ ዝገብሮ ሓደ ላዕለዋይ በዓል ስልጣን ከም ዘሎ። ወላ ነቲ ኣብ ብዙሓት ኣማልኽቲ ዝኣምን ሰብ ብሩህ ኮነ። …………………………… ይቕጽል…… 2ይ ክፋል ኣሰላሙዓለይኩም ወራሕመቱላሂ ወበረካትሁ!! ዓቒዳ/እምነት 2ይ ክፋል. እምባኣር ኩቡራት ሙእሚኒን የሕዋተይ ወዲ ሰብ ዋላ"ኳ ነዚ ካብ ኩሉ ዝዓበየ ኣምላኽ ብዝተፈላለየ ኣስማት ይጸውዓዮ ዳኣ’ምበር ካብ ጸላም ድንቁርንኡስ ገና ኣይተላቐቐን። ምኽንያቱ ምስቲ ዓቢ ኣምላኽ ነቶም ዝተፈላለዩ ነኣሽቱ ኣማልኽቲ ምምላኽ’ውን ኣይቛረጸን፣ እቲ መሎኮታዊ ንግስነት ምስቲ መሬታዊ ንግስነት ሓደ ኢዩ ዝኸውን ኢሉ ገመተ፣ ስለዝኾነ ከምቲ ሓደ መራሒ ዝተፈላለዩ ሚኒስተራት፡ እሙናት መሻርኽቲ፡ ኣማሓደርትን ሰራሕተኛታት ቤት ጽሕፈትን ዝህልውዎ፤ ከምኡ ድማ ኣብ ትሕቲ’ቲ ላዕለዋይ ኣምላኽ ዝዓዩ ዝተፈላለዩ ነኣሽቱ ኣማልኽቲ ኣለዉ በለ፣ ብዘይናቶም ፍቓድን ቡራኴን ድልየቱ ዝረክብ ኮይኑ ስለዘይስመዖ፡ ነዓኣቶም ድማ ብማዕረ ኣምለኾም፣ ፍልጠት እናወሰኸ ብዝኸደ ግን በቶም ብዙሓት ሰብ-ሰርሖ ነኣሽቱ ኣማልኽቲ ዝነበሮ ዕግበት እናጎደለ ከደ፣ ብኡ መጠን ቁጽሪ ናይቶም ዘምልኾም ኣማልኽቲ እናቐነሶም ከደ፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ ነቲ ሓደ ዓቢ ኣምላኽ ጥራሕ ኣትረፈ፣ እዚ ኣብ መወዳእታ ዝማዕበለ ኣምር ኣምላኽ እወንታዊ እኳ እንተመሰለ፡ ገና ተረፍመረፍ ካብ ሕሉፍ ባእታታት ድንቁርና ግን ሓቚፉ ይርከብ፣ ገለ ህዝብታት ኣምላኽ ምስሊ ሰብ ዝሓዘ ኢዩ ይብሉ፣ ገሊኦም ድማ ኣምላኽ ብ ናይ ሰብ መልክዕ ናብ ምሬት መጺኡ ነይሩ፣ ካልኦት ከኣ ኣምላኽ ንኣድማስ ምስ ሃነጸ ኣዝዩ ስለ ዝደኸመ ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ኣብ ዕረፍቲ’ዩ ዘሎ ይብሉ። ካልእ ጉጅለ ድማ ኣምላኽ ብሞንጎኝነት ቁዱሳት ሰባትን መላእኽትን እንተዘይኮይኑ ጾሎትን ምሕጽንታን ኣይሰምዕን፣ ገለ ድማ ባዕሎም ንዝቐረጽዎ ምስሊ ኣምላኽ ኣብ ቅድሚኦም ከይገበሩ ወይ ብእምሮኦም ነቲ ስእሊ ከይሓሰቡ ክጽልዩ ኣይክእሉን፣ ኣብዚ ብምህሮን ሓበሬታን ዝልለ ዘመን ድማ ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ ሓሳባት ገና ብሰፊሑ እናተተግበሩ ይርከቡ ኣለዉ። * ተውሒድ (ኣምልኾ ሓደ ኣላህ ጥራሕ) ብርግጽ እቲ ጥርዚ ናይ ኣፍልጦ ኣላህ ኢዩ፣ ኣላህ ንኩሎም ነቢያቱ ወይ ልኡኻቱ ብቐንዱ ተውሒድ ከስተምህሩ ኢዩ ልኢኽዎም፣ ኣፍልጦ ተውሒድ ሒዙ መጀመርታ ዝመጸ ኣቦና ኣዳም ነይሩ፣ ተመሳሳሊ መልእኽቲ ነናብ ህዝቦም ከብጽሑ ድማ ነቢይ ኑሕ/ኖህ፡ ኢብራሂም/ኣብራሃም፡ ሙሳ/ሙሴ፡ ዒሳ/ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ (ናይ ኣላህ ሰላም ኣብ ልዕሊ ኩሎም ይውረድ) ካብ ኣላህ ተላኢኾም መጺኦም፣ ነዚ ትምህርቲ’ዚ ናይ መወዳእታ ቅርጹን መዕለቢኡን ከትሕዞ ድማ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ደምዳሚ ወይ ዛዛሚ ነብያት ኣላህ ብሙዃን ናብ መላእ ዓለም መጺኡ፣ ጽሩይ፡ ሓቐኛን ፍጹምን ኣምር ኣላህ ድማ ኣመሓላሊፉልና ኣሎ፣ ወዲሰብ ከሓዲ ፈጣሪኡ ዝኸውን ንምህሮ ናይቶም ዝሓለፉ ነቢያት ብምውንዛፍ። ኣብ ናይ ውልቁ ግጉይ ትንተናታት፡ ግምታትን ኣድልዎ ዘለዎ ኣተሮጓጉማን ምስ ዝሙርኮስ ጥራሕ ኢዩ። ትርጉም ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ ኣዝዩ ሰፊሕ ኢዩ። ከምቲ ኣቐዲሙ ዝተገለጸ ግን “ብዘይካ ሓደ ኣላህ ካልእ ኣምላኽ የለን” ተባሂሉ ብሓጺሩ ክትርጎም ይኽእል፣ ስለዝኾነ ብዘይካ ኣላህ ሓደ’ኳ ፍጡር ወዲሰብ ይኹን ማተርያላዊ ነገር፡ ንክምለኽ ዝግበኦ መለኮታዊ ሓይልን ስልጣንን ዝውንን የልቦን፣ ኩሉ ፍጡር ዘበለ ጎደሎን ዘይሙሉእን ኢዩ፣ እቲ ክንኣምነሉ ዘለና ሓደ ኣምላኽ ግን ፍጹም ኢዩ፣ ንሱ መለኮታዊ መለለይታት ይውንን፣ ኣዛዚ ናይ ኩሎም ክስተታት ድማ ኢዩ። ፈጣሪ ናይዚ ምዕሩግን ሰፊሕን ኣድማስ ጥራሕ ዘይኮነ፡ ሓጋጊ ስርዓት ባህርን ተቖጻጻሪኡን ኣማሓዳሪኡን’ውን ኢዩ፣ ምስዚ ጎይታ ኩሉ እንርእዮን ዘይንርእዮን ዘበለ ፈጣሪ ዝዳረግ ሓደ’ኳ የለን፣ ኣብ ሞሎኮታውነቱ ዝኾነ መሻርኽቲ የብሉን፣ ነዚ ኣምላኽ’ዚ ኢና ንሕና ኣመንቲ እስልምና “ኣላህ” ንብሎ። ብርግጽ ብዘይኩኡ ካልእ ኣምልኽ ብፍጹም የለን፣ ጽልዋ ተውሒድ ኣብ መነባብሮ ወድሰብ እስከ ሕጂ ቀጺልና ጽልዋ ናይዛ መሰረት እምነት እስልምና ዝኾነት ሓረግ ማለት “ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ” ነስተውዕል፣ ብኣ ዝኣመነ ኣብ ዓለማዊ ህይወቱን ኣብቲ ድሕሪ ሞት ዘሎ ዘልኣለማዊ ህይወትን ዕዉት ኢዩ፣ በንጻሩ ካብቲ ሓቀኛ ኣምላኽ ወጻኢ ንካልእ ዘምለኸ ግን ክሳርኡ ኣብ ዓለም ጥራሕ ኣይኮነን። *1. ኣማኒ ናይዛ ከሊማህ (ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ) ጸቢብ ኣተሓሳስባ ዘለዎ ሰብ ኣይኮነን፣ ነቲ ሓቐኛን እንኮን ፈጣሪ ሰማያትን መሬትን ዝኾነ ጎይታ ኢዩ ዝኣምን፣ እወ ነቲ ጎይታ ምዕራብን ምብራቕን ዝኾነ ሓደ ኣላህ፣ ምንጪ ኩሉ ፍጥረት ካብ ሓደ ኣላህ ምዃኑ ስለ ዝኣምን ዝሕድሶ ነገር የለን፣ ተደናጋጽነቱ፡ ፍቕሩ፡ ሓልዮቱን ኣገልግሎታቱን ንሓደ ጸቢብ ጉጅለ ጥራሕ ዝጠመተ ኣይኮነን። ኣጠማምቱኡ ዓቢ፡ ደረት ንቕሓቱን ፍልጠቱን ድማ ከምቲ ንግስነት ኣላህ/ ኣምላኽ ሰፊሕ ኢዩ፣ እዚ ብልጫ’ዚ እቶም ጠቕላላ ኣብ ኣምላኽ ዘይኣምኑ፡ ኣብ ብዙሓት ኣማልኽቲ ዝኣምኑን ኣብ ካልኦት ፍጡራት ኣካላት ዝኣምኑን ክረኽብዎ ዘይክእሉ ዓቢ ብልጫ ኢዩ። *2. ኣማኒ ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ (ተውሒድ) ዝለዓለ ርእሰ-ክብሪ ኣለዎ፣ ኣላህ ወናኒ ኩሉ ሓይሊ ምዃኑ ስለ ዝኣምን፡ ካብኡ ወጻኢ ረብሓታቱ ከይክልክሉሉ ወይ ከይጎድእዎ ዝፈርሖም ኣካላት የብሉን፣ ሽሻይ ዝህብን ዝኸልእን፡ ህይወት ዝሰኩዕን ህይወት ዝወስድን ሓደ ኣላህ ምዃኑ ኣንዳዕዲዑ ስለ ዝርዳእ፡ ብፍርሒ ዝሰግደሉን ዝመሻኸነሉን ሰብ ይኹን ካልእ ፍጡር የልቦን። ንጸሎት የእዳዉ ናብ ኣላህ ጥራሕ እንተዘይኮይኑ ናብ መላእኽቲ ይኹኑ ካልኦት ቅዱሳት ሰባት ኣይዝርግሕን፣ ዕብየት ናይ ኣላህ እንተዘይኮይኑ ናይዝኾነ ካልእ ኣይዓጦን ኢዩ፣ ንመላእኽቲ ይኹኑ ቁዱሳት ሰባት ንዖኦም ዝግባእ ክብሪ ዝህቦም’ኳ እንተኾነ፡ ምስ ኣላህን ልዕሊ ኣላህን ግን ኣይሰርዖምን ኢዩ፣ እዚ ርትዓዊ ኣረኣእያ’ዚ ብርግጽ ንተውሒድ ብምፍላጥን ምርዳእን ጥራሕ ክንረኽቦ እንኽእል ብልጫ ኢዩ። *3. እምነት ተውሒድ ንሓደ ኣማኒ ርትዓውነትን ትሕትናን ኢዩ ዘመንጭወሉ፣ ሓሶትን ምስሉይነትን ኣብ ጥቕኡ ኣየቕርብን፣ ገታር፡ ትዕቢተኛን ሓሳድን ሰብ’ውን ኣይከውንን፣ ስሰዐ፡ ሸፈጥ፡ ዓብላልነትን ቅድም ነዓይን ኩሉ ነዓይን ዝብል እኩይ ሓሳባት ኣብ ኣእምርኡ ቦታ የብሎምን፣ ኩሉ እቲ ዝውንኖ ናይ ኣላህ ምዃኑ፡ ኣላህ ድማ ኣብ ዝደለዮ እዋን ክወስዶ ከምዝኽእል ስለዝፈልጥ፡ ብዘለዎ ጥዕና ይኹን ሃብቲ ኣይንየትን፣ በንጻሩ ኣብቲ ብርቂ ዝኾነ ሓደ ኣላህ ዘይኣምን ሰብ፤ ኣብ ዓለማዊ ህይወቱ ዓወት ምስ ዝረክብ፤ ዓወቱ ምስ ብልሑን ውልቃዊ ጻዕሩን ጥራሕ ኢዩ ዘተኣሳስሮ፣ ስለዝኾነ ድማ መን ከማይ ብምባል ብትዕቢት ኣይትሓዙኒ ኢዩ ዝብል። *4. ምንጪ ዓወትን ድሕነትን ጽሬት መንፈስን ሰናይ ግብርን ጥራሕ ምዃኖም ስለ ዝግንዘብ፤ ኣማኒ ተውሒድ ብሰናይ ተግባር ኢዩ ዝመላለስ፣ ከምቶም ኢ-ዚሄራውያንን ብዙሐ-ዚሄራውያንን ኣብ ዘይጭበጥ ትምኒት እናንሳፈፈ ኣይነብርን፣ ገለ ካብኣቶም ወዲ ኣምላኽ ንሓጥያትና ሓጺብዎ ኢዩ ይብሉ፣ ገሊኦም ድማ ሕሩያት ኣምላኽ ስለዝኾና ኣምላኽ ኣይቐጽዓናን ይብሉ፣ ገሊኦም ድማ እቶም ቁዱሳት ኢዮም እናበሉ ዘምለኽዎም ፍጡራት ሞንጎኛታት ብሙዃን ከድሕኑና እዮም ኢሎም ይሓልሙ፣ እቲ ትርጉም ዘይብሉ ተስፋታት ኣመና ብዙሕ ኢዮ፣ ድሒና ኢና፡ እከለ ክወሓሰና ኢዩ፡ ወ.ዘ.ተ. ስለ ዝብሉ ነቲ ተዓዛቢን ሰማዒን ኩሉ ዝኾነ ሓያል ኣላህ ኣይፈልጥዎን፣ ጽባሕ ንግሆ ኣብ መዓልቲ ፍርዲ ኣብ ቅድሚ ጎይታ ቀሪቦም ን እምነቶምን ተግባራቶምን በብሓደ ክሕተትሉ ምዃኖም ይዝንግዑ፣ ስለዝኾነ ብቕይዲ በተኽነት ነብሶም ዝኣዘዘቶም ወትሩ ብምምላእ ጊላታት ድልየታቶምን ስምዒታቶምን ይኾኑ፣ ኣማኒ ሓደ ኣላህ (ተውሒድ) ግን ከምኡ ኣይገብርን። ዝብሎን ዝገብሮን ዘበለ ኩሉ ከምዝሕተተሉ ስለዝፈልጥ ብሓላፍነታዊ መንገዲ ኢዩ ዝንቐሳቐስ፣ እዚ ስነ-ምግባር እዚ ውጽኢት ተውሒድ ወይ ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ ኢዩ። *5. ኣማኒ ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ፡ ተስፋ ኣይቆርጽን ኢዩ፣ ርህራሄን በረከትን ኣላህ ወሰን ከም ዘይብሉ ስለ ዝፈልጥ ብተስፋ ዝተመለአ እዮ፣ ኣብቲ ወጣሪ ኩነታት’ውን እንተኾነ። ደገፍ ኣላህ ከምዘይፍለዮ ካብ ውሽጢ ልቡ’ዩ ዝኣምን፣ ኣብቲ ናይ ህይወት ሓፍ ኮፍ ክጽገም ከሎ፡ ጥዕና ስኢኑ ክሳቐ ከሎ ኣላህ ይዕዘቦ ምህላዉ ስለዝፈልጥ፡ ኣየማርርን ኢዩ፣ ኣላህ ኣብ ዝፈቐዶ ክርህዎን ክጥዕይን ምዃኑ እንተዘይኮነ ድማ ኣብቲ ዘልኣለማዊ ህይወት ዓስቢ ትዕግስቱ ብርግጽ ክኽፈል ምዃኑ ኣጸቢቑ ኢዩ ዝፈልጥ፣ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ ንዑኡ ዝሓይሽ ዝፈልጠሉ እቲ ፈላጥ ኣላህ ዶ ኣይኮነን?፣ በንጻሩ ብ ሓደ ኣላህ ዘይኣምን ሰብ ኣተሓሳስብኡ ኣዝዩ ጸቢብ እዩ፣ ሽግር ምስ ዘጋጥሞ ዓለም ከም ኣፍ ዑንቂ ትጸቦ፤ ዘልዕሎን ዝጭብጦን ኣይፈልጥን፤ ዝውስኾ እኳ እንተዘይብሉ ጸርጸር ይብል የማርር፤ ኣብ ሚዛን ኣጠማምትኡ፡ ካብቲ ተጻዋርነቱን ትዕግስቱን እቶም ጎኒፎሞ ዘለዉ ጸገማት ዝኸብዱ ስለ ዝመስሎ ነፍሰ-ቅትለት ይፍጽም፣ እታ ነብሱ ናቱ ዘይሙዃና ኣበይ’ሞ ኢልዎ!። *6. ሓደ ሰብ ኣማኒ ሓደ ኣላህ ምስ ዝኸውን ቆራጽን ጅግናን’ውን ይኸውን ኢዩ። ምኽንያቱ ጃጃዊ ወይ ፈራሕ ዝገብሩ ክልተ ቀንዲ ምኽንያታት ኢዮም። ሀ). ልዑል ፍቕሪ ህይወትን ክቱር ፍርሒ ሞትን ለ).ካብ ኣላህ ወጻኢ ሞት ዘምጽእን ሞት ዝከላኸልን ኣካል ኣሎ ኢልካ ምሕሳብን ኢየን። ይኹን’ምበር ሙሉእ እምነት ተውሒድ እንተልዩ እዘን ክልተ ምኽንያታት ፍጹም ቦታ የብለንን፣ ዝኾነ ሰብ ህይወቱ፡ ንብረቱን ካልእ ነገራትን ናይ ኣላህ ምዃኑ ተውሒድ ምስ መሃሮ፡ ዓቀኑ ዚሓለፎ ፍቕሪ ህይወትን ፍርሒ ሞትን ንእለቱ ኢየን ዝጠፍኣሉ፣ ምእንቲ ኣላህ ዝድለ መስዋእቲ ክኸፍል ድማ ድሉው ይኸውን፣ ዝተራቐቐ ኣጽዋር ይኹን ዝሓየለ ሰብን እንስሳን ብዘይፍቓድ ኣላህ ህይወቱ ክወስዱ ከምዘይክእሉ ምስ ፈለጠ ድማ ካብታ ካልአይቲ ፍርሒ ይናገፍ፣ ዝኸበደ ሕማም ይሕመም፡ ኩሎም ሓይልታት ተጠርኒፎም የጥቕዕዎ፡ ካብታ ኣላህ ዝወሰነሉ ዕለት ኣየጉድል ኣይውስኽ፣ በዚ ምኽንያት’ዚ ካብ ኣማኒ ሓደ ኣላህ ዝኾነ ሰብ ዝተብዕ ሓደ’ኳ የለን። *7. እቲ ዝዓበየ ጽልዋ ተውሒድ ወይ “ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ” ግን ካልእ ኢዩ፣ ንሱ ድማ ተኣዛዝን ተምበርካኽን ሕጊ ኣላህ ከምትኸውን ይገብረካ፣ ሓደ ኣማኒ ተውሒድ፡ ንዑኡ ኣላህ ካብ ዝኾነ ካልእ እቲ ዝቐረበ ኢዩ፣ ጸልማት ጉልባብ ጌሩ ወይ ብሓደ ኩርናዕ ተኸዊሉ ሓጥያት እንተፈጸመ’ውን ካብ ሰብ እምበር ካብ ኣላህ ከምዘይሕባእ ይፈልጥ፣ ኣላህ ፈላጢ ሕቡእን ግሉጽን’ዶ ኣይኮነን!!! ንዝኾነ ከተታልል ትኽእል ንኣላህ ምትላል ግን ብጥራሽ ኣይከኣልን፣ ስለዚ ሙስሊም ንሙዃን እቲ ዝዓበየን ቀንድን ቅድመ-ኩነት ኣብዛ ረዛን ኢስላማዊት ከሊማህ ማለት ኣብ “ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ” ምእማን የድሊ፣ ኣብቲ ቀዳማይ ምዕራፍ ከምዝረኣናዮ ሙስሊም ማለት ንፈጣሪኡ ስዩም ብምባል ዝተንበርከኸ ወይ ኢዱ ዝሃበ ማለት ኢዩ። ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ነዚ ረዚን ምህሮ ኢዮም ኣመሓላሊፎም፣ ላ ኢላሃ ኢላ’ላህ ዝብል ኣምር እምነ-ኩርናዕ እስልምናን እምነትን ኢዩ፣ ካልኦት ትእዛዛትን ሕጊታትን እስልምና ኣብዚ መሰረት’ዚ እዮም ዝትከሉ፣ ብርግጽ እስልምና ዘይተንከፎ ኣርእስቲ የለን። እንሻኣሏህ ይቕጽል………………… ኣሰላሙዓለይኩም ወራሕመቱላሂ ወበረካትሁ!! ኩቡራት ሙእሚኒን የሕዋተይ እቲ ካልኣይ ሩክኒ ሚን ኣርካን ኣል ኢማን እምነት ብመላእኽቲ እዩ!! *2. እምነት ብመላእኽቲ ኣላህ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ብ ህላወ መላእኽቲ ኣላህ ክንኣምን እውን ኣዚዙና ኢዩ፣ ካብቶም ዝጠቐስናዮም ሽዱሽተ ዓንድታት እምነት፤ ድሕሪ እምነት ብሓደ ኣላህ፤ እዚ እምነት’ዚ ብካልኣይ ደረጃ ኢዩ ዝስራዕ። ነቢይ ሙሓመድ ሰ,ዓ,ወ ብዘመሓላለፉልና ሓበሬታ መሰረት፡ መላእኽቲ ፍጡራት ኣላህ እዮም፣ ኣብ መሎኮታውነት ኣላህ ግና ዝኾነ ብጽሒት የብሎምን፣ መላእኽቲ ኣላህ እሙናት ኣምለኽቱን ኣተግበርቲ ትእዛዛቱን ጥራሕ እዮም፣ ዝተኣዘዝዎ ዕዮ ብምልኣትን ብጽፈትን የከናውኑ፣ ብዘይፍቓድ ኣላህ ሓንቲ እመት’ውን ትኹን ኣይንቀሳቐሱን፣ ብድልየቶም ዝኾነ ነገር ክገብሩ ሓንቲ ስልጣን የብሎምን፡፡ ናታቶም ውጥን ወይ ፕሮጀክታት ከቕርቡን ብዛዕባ ዝኾነ ሰብ ምስ ኣላህ ከማልዱን (ክምሕጸኑ) ፍቓድ ኮነ ክእለት የብሎምን፣ ነዓኣቶም ምምላኽን ምሕጽንታ ምቕራብን ንወዲሰብ ውርደትን ሕስረትን ጥራሕ ኢዩ፣ ምኽንያቱ ኣላህ ኣብታ ንኣዳም ዝፈጠረላ ቀዳመይቲ መዓልቲ ፡ መላእኽቲ ን ኣዳም ክሰግዱሉ ኢዩ ኣዚዝዎም። ኣላህ ንወዲሰብ ካብኣቶም ንላዕሊ ንቕሓትን ፍልጠትን ኢዩ ሂብዎ፣ ወዲሰብ እቲ መላእኽቲ ዝሰገዱሉ ዝኸበረ ፍጥረት ክንሱ ከመይ ኢሉ ነቶም ዝሰገዱሉ ፍጡራት የምልኽ?፣ ብርግጽ ንሓደ ዘስተውዕል ሰብ ካብ ንመላእኽቲ ምምላኽ ዝዓቢ ወርደት ከቶ የልቦን፣ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ን መላእኽቲ ከይነምልኾምን ምስ ኣላህ ከይነዛምዶምን ብጽኑዕ ኣጠንቂቖምና ኢዮም። በቲ ነዓኣቶም ዝምልከት ብሉኡኽ ኣላህ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ዝተዋህበና ሓበሬታ ብምቕባል ህላዌኦም ምእማን ጥራሕ ኢዩ እቲ ካባና ዝድለ፣ መላእኽቲ ኣላህ ሕሩያት ፍጡራቱ እዮም፣ ካብ ሓጥያት/ዘንቢ ነጻ እዮም ጥራሕ ዘይኮነ፡ በቲ ኣላህ ዝሃቦም ባህሪ ካብ ትእዛዛቱ ወጻኢ ክሕንግዱ ብፍጹም ኣይክእሉን፣ ነቢይና ሰ,ዓ,ወ ከም ዝሓበሩና መላእኽቲ ኣላህ ብኹሉ ሸነኻት ኣኽቢቦምና እዮም ዝርከቡ፣ ኣብ ዝተንቀሳቐስናዮ ቦታ ወትሩ የሰንዩና፣ ኩሉ እቲ እንፍጽሞ ሕማቕን ጽቡቕን ተግባራት ድማ እናተዓዘቡ ይስንዱ፣ ድሕሪ ሞት ኣብ መዓልቲ ፍርዲ ናይቲ ኣብ መሬት ከለና ዝገበርናዮ ሙሉእ ጸብጻብ ናይ ነፍሲ-ወከፍ ሰብ ኣብ ቅድሚ ኣላህ የረክቡ፣ ኩሉ እቲ ዝተመዝገበ ብሙሉኡ ሚእቲ ካብ ሚእቲ ቁኑዕ ኮይኑ ድማ ክንረኽቦ ኢና። ብዛዕባ ውሽጣዊ ባህርያት መላእኽቲ ዝተሓበርናዮ’ኳ እንተዘየለ፡ ገለ ብዛዕባ ክብሮምን መለለይታቶምን ግን ተጠቒሱልና ኣሎ፣ ከምቲ ኣቀዲሙ ዝተጠቕሰ ብሃለዋቶም ክንኣምን ድማ ንሕተት፣ ካብዚ ወጻኢ ብዛዕባ ፍጥረቶም፡ ዓይነቶምን መለለይታቶምን ክንፈልጠሉ እንኽእል ካልእ መንገዲ ወለሓደ የለን፣ ብቕርጻ ይኹን ብቅብኣ ወይ ብዝኾነ መልክዕ ብምስሊ ከነዳልዎም እንተፈቲንና ብኣጠማምታ እስልምና ዓቢ ሓጥያት ኢዩ። ነቲ ዝተነገረና ብምስዓብ ክንኣምን ጥራሕ ኢዩ ዝግባእ፣ መላእኽቲ ዝበሃሉ የለዉን ኢላካ ምንጻግ ግን ኩፍር ወይ ክሕደት ኢዩ፣ ምኽንያቱ ሓደ እንነጽገሉ መርትዖ የብልናን ካልኣይ ድማ ከምኡ ብምባልና ን ኣስተምህሮ ንነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ዳርጋ ምንጻግ ኢዩ ዝቑጸር፣ ብሓጺሩ ብመላእኽቲ ኣላህ ንኣምነሉ ቀሊል ምኽንያት ልኡኽ ጎይታ ዝኾኑ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ክንኣምን ስለ ዝኣዘዙና ኢዩ። እቲ ሳልሳይ ድማ እምነት ብመጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ እዩ። *3. እምነት ብመጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ እቲ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ክንኣምነሉ ዝኣዘዙና ሳልሳይ ዓንዲ እምነት ብመጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ ምእማን ኢዩ ነይሩ፣ ቅድሚ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ኣላህ ናብ ዝተፈላለዩ ልኡኻቱ ቁዱሳት መጻሕፍቲ ልኢኹ እዩ፣ ልክዕ በቲ ንቁርኣን ዝሰደደሉ ኣገባብ ድማ እዩ ሊኢኽዎም፣ ገለ ካብቶም ኣላህ ዝለኣኾም መጻሕፍቲ ኣብ ቁርኣን ዝተጠቐሱ ኣለዉ ንሳቶም ድማ÷ *1) ተውራት *2) ዘቡር *3) ኢንጂል *4) ቁርኣን እዮም። እዞም ኣርባዕተ መጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ፡ ኣብ ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ብስም ዝተጠቕሱ እዮም፣ ናይቲ ኣላህ ናብ ካልኦት ነቢያቱ ዝለኣኾም ኣስማት መጻሕፍቲ ግን ኣብ ቁርኣን ኣይተሓበረን፣ ስለዝኾነ በቶም ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ክፍሊ ዓለም ዘለዉ ሃይማኖታውያን መጻሕፍቲ ኣፍና መሊእና ምንጮም ካብ ኣላህ እዩ ወይ ኣይፋሉን ኢልና ኪንዛረብ ኣይንኽእልን፣ ብሓፈሻ ግን ዝኾነ ይኹን ኣላህ ዝለኣኾ መጽሓፍ ካብ ኣላህ ክሳዕ ዝኾነ ቅኑዕ ኢዩ፣ መዝሙር ዳዊት፡ ቶራህ ናይ ሙሴን ወንጌል ናይ ኢየሱስን ግን ምስ ኣይሁድን ክርስትያንን ኣለዉ፣ እንተኾነ ኣላህ ኣብ ቁርኣን ከምዝሕብረና እቶም መጻሕፍቲ በቲ ኣላህ ዝለኣኾም መልክዕ መቦቆላዊ ትሕዝቶኦም ከምቲ ዝተላእኮ ኣይተዓቀበን፣ ምቅይያራትን ተወሰኽቲ ሓሳባትን ተገይርሎም ኢዩ፣ ስለዝኾነ እቲ መበቆላዊ ትሕዝቶ ቃል ኣምላኽ ምስቲ ድሒሩ ብሓንጎል ሰባት ዝተወሰኸ ስለዝተሓዋወሰ ብዙሕ ምግሕማጥ ኣልዎ። እቲ ኣብቶም መጻሕፍቲ ዝተኻየደ ብልሽውናን ብከላን ኣዝዩ ግሉጽን መጠነ-ሰፊሕን ስለዝኾነ፡ ሎሚ ብዙሓት ኣይሁድን ክርስትያንን ነዚ ርኡይ ሓቂ ይቕበልዎ እዮም፣ እቲ መቦቆላዊ ጽሑፍ ዘይኮነ። ትርጉሙ ጥራሕ ኣብ ኢዶም ምህላዉ ይዛረቡ፣ እዚ ተተርጒሙ ዝተዳለወ ንባዕሉ ኣብ ነዊሕ ዘመናት ብዙሕ ለውጢ ከም እተገብረሉን ሕጂ’ውን እንተኾነ ኣብ ሓደ ከምዘይረገአ ተፈሊጡ ኣሎ፣ ነዞም መጻሕፍቲ ብጥንቃቐ ከነጽንዖም እንተፈቲና፡ ቃል ኣምላኽ ክኾኑ ዘይክእሉ ሑጥበ-ጽሑፋትን ጥቕስታትን ኣለዉ፣ ብሓፈሻ እቶም ጽሑፋት ብጣዕሚ ስለዝተሓዋወሱ፡ ኣብ መብዛሕትኡ ኣየናይ ካብ ኣምላኽ ኣየናይ ከ ብሰብ ዝተሓወሰ ምዃኑ ንምፍላይ የሸግር እዩ፣ ሓደ ሙስሊም ብመጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ ይኣምን ኢዩ ክበሃል ከሎ፡ በቲ ሕጂ ሒዞሞ ዘለዉ ትሕዝቶ ዘይኮነ፡ ኣላህ ብርግጽ ቅድሚ ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ጽፉፋት መጻሕፍቲ ሊኢኹ ምንባሩ ምቕባል ንማለት ጥራሕ እዩ፣ እቶም ካብ ኣላህ ናብ ዝተፈላለዩ ነብያት ዝተላእኩ መጻሕፍቲ ምንጮም ካብ ሓደ ኣላህ እዩ ነይሩ፣ እቲ ን መጻሕፍቲ ሙሴ፡ መዝሙር ዳዊትን ወንጌል ኢየሱስን ልኢኹ፣ ብተመሳሳሊ እቲ ነቶም ዝጠቐስናዮም መጻሕፍቲ ዝለኣኸ ሓደ ኣላህ ናይ መወዳእታን ዛዛሚን ኪዳኑ ዝኾነ ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ናብ መላእ ህዝቢ ዓለም ልኢኽዎ፣ ኣላህ ንቅዱስ ቁርኣን ከም መሎኮታዊ መጽሓፍ ምልኣኹ ሓድሽን ዘገርምን ፍጻሜ ኣይኮነን። ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ንሓቐኛ መልእኽታት ናይቶም ዝጸነቱን ዝተበረዙን መጻሕፍቲ ደጊሙ ክኹልዕን ከረጋግጽን ኢዩ መጺኡ፣ ኣብ ሞንጎ ቁርኣንን እቶም ኣቀዲሞም ዝተላእኩ መጻሕፍቲ ኣላህን ዓበይቲ ፍልልያት ኣለዉ ኣሕጽር ኣቢልና ገለ ካብቶም ብቐንዲ ዝጥቐሱ ጥራሕ ንርአ÷ *1. መብዛሕቶም ካብቶም ኣቀዲሞም ዝተላእኩ ጽሑፋት፡ እቲ መቦቆላዊ ጽሑፎም ጠቕላላ ጠፊኡ እዩ፣ ሎሚ ናቶም ትርጉም ጥራሕ እዩ ተዓቂቡ ዘሎ፣ በንጻሩ ቁርኣን በቲ መቦቆላዊ ትሕዝቱኡን ቛንቁኡን ሓንቲ ንጽል ፊደል ከይጎደለቶ ልክዕ ከምታ ናብ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ዝተላእካ ብኽብሪ ተዓቂቡ ይርከብ፣ ከም’ቶም ቀዳሞት ጽሑፋት ዝኾነ በደል ከይወርዶ ኣላህ ባዕለይ ክሕልዎ እየ ኢሉ ቃል ኣትይሉ እዩ። *2. ካብ መጀመርታ ክሳዕ መወዳእታ ትሕዝቶ ቁርኣን ብሙሉኡ ቃል ኣላህ ዝተመልአ እዩ፣ ዘይከም’ቶም ቀዳሞት ጽሑፋት፡ ቃል ኣምላኽ ምስ ናይ ሰባት ጸብጻባት ዝተሓዋወሰ ኣይኮነን፣ ጽርየት ቁርኣን ወላ በቶም ጸላእቱ ከይተረፈ ዝተመስከረ እዩ። *3. ቁርኣን ናብ ሓደ ነቢይ ዝተላእከ መሎኮታዊ መጽሓፍ እዩ፣ ዘይከም’ቶም ቀዳሞት ጽሑፋት ብዙሓት ጸሓፍቲ ኢዶም ዘንበሩሉን ዝተኣኻከበን ኣይኮነን፣ ናይ ነፍሲ-ወከፍ ምዕራፍ ትኹን ጥቕሲ ካብ ኣላህ ዝተላእከትሉ ግዜ፡ ቦታን ሽዑ ዝነበረ ኩነታትን ብንጹር እውን ክፍለጥ ይከኣል። *4. እቶም ቀዳሞት ቁዱሳት መጻሕፍቲ ዝተላእኩሉ ቛንቋታት እቶም ካብ ዝሞቱ ነዊሕ ዝገበሩ ቛንቋታት ኢዮም፣ ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ዝኾነ ህዝቢ ይኹን ሕብረተሰብ ንዘረባን ጽሕፈትን ዝጥቐመሎም ሓደ’ኳ የለን፣ ነቶም ቛንቋታት ንፈልጦምን ንርደኦምን ኢና ዝብሉ ሰባት ኣዝዮም ውሑዳት እዮም፣ እቶም ቁዱሳት ጽሑፋት ወላ’ውን በቲ ዝተላእክዎ መልክዕ ተዓቂቦም እንተ ዝጸንሑ ነይሮም፡ ኣብዚ ግዜና በቲ ሓቐኛ መንፈሶምን ትርጉሞምን ተረዲእካ ኣብግብሪ ምውዓሎም ኣመና መሸገረ ነይሩ፣ በንጻሩ ቁርኣን ዝተላእከሉ ቛንቋ ገና ብህይወት ዘሎ ቛንቋ እዩ፣ ሚልዮናት ኣህዛብ ይዛረብዎ፣ ካልኦት ሚልዮናት ድማ ይርድእዎን ይፈልጥዎን፣ ሎሚ ቛንቋ ዓረብኛ ዳርጋ ኣብ ሙሉእ ዓለም ዘለዋ ዩኒቨርሲታት ዘስተምህራሉ ቛንቋ ኢዩ፣ ዝኾነ ሰብ ክመሃሮ ይኽእል ኢዩ። እቲ ንኽመሃሮ ግዜ ዘይብሉ ሰብ፡ ነቲ ቛንቋ ዝፈልጥ ሰብ ኣብ ዝኾነ ቦታ ኪረክብ ስለዝኽእል። እንተወሓደ ንቁርኣን ነቢቡ ክገልጸሉ ይኽእል ኢዩ። *5. ቀዳሞት ቁዱሳት መጻሕፍቲ ናብ ውሱናት ሕብረተሰብን ንውሱን ግዜን ከገልግሉ ጥራሕ እዮም ተላኢኾም፣ ነቲ ናይ ሽዑ እዋን ዝጠቕሙ ዝተፈላለዩ ትእዛዛት ድማ ዝሓዙ እዮም፣ ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ኣድላይነት የብሎምን ጥራሕ ዘይኮነ፡ ነቶም ዝእዝዝዎም ትእዛዛት ከምቲ ዝድለ ከተተግብሮም ኣዝዩ ኣሸጋሪ እዩ። ከምቲ ዝተጠቐሰ ዕላማ እቶም ጽሑፋት ንውሱን ግዜ’ምበር ንዘልኣለም ክቕጽሉ ኣይኮኑን፣ ወላ’ቶም ዝተቐበልዎም ኣህዛብ ንዝተወሰነ እዋናት ክጥቐሙሎም ጥራሕ እዮም ተላኢኾም፣ በንጻሩ ቁርኣን ንመላእ ህዝቢ ዓለምን ንኩሉ ግዜን ዝተለኣኸ ቃል ኣምላኽ እዩ። ንፍሉያት ኣህዛብ እናረቖሐ ዘይኮነ ንወዲሰብ ብሓፈሻ እዩ ዝዛረብ፣ ዘልኣለማዊ ሕጊ ሰብኣውነት ድማ ኢዩ። *6. ቀዳሞት ቁዱሳት ጽሑፋት ንስነ-ምግባራውን ሞራላውን ህይወት ወዲሰብ ዝምህሩ ኣይኮኑን ኢልካ ምኽሓድ ርትዓውነት ዘይብሉን ስምዒታውን ዘረባ ኢዩ፣ ክብሪታት ወዲሰብ ንክጸንዕ ብርግጽ ዓቢ ኣበርክቶ ነይርዎም እዩ። ይኹን’ምበር ልክዕ ከም ናይ ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ብኹሉ መዳያቶም ኣጠቓላሊ መልሲ ዝህቡ ኣይኮኑን፣ ገሊኦም ኣብ ሓደ ኣርእስቲ ጥራሕ ዘተኮረ ትምህርቲ ይህቡ፡ ገሊኦም ድማ ኣብ ካልእ ጉዳይ የተኩሩ፣ ኮታ ንኹሉ ግዜ ዝኸውን መምርሒን ስርዓትን ክውንኑ ብዙሕ ዝተርፎም ኣሎ፣ ቁርኣን በንጻሩ ዘይትንክፎ ጉዳይ ናይ ህይወት የለን፣ ካብቲ ዝደቐቐ ክሳዕ እቲ ዝለዓለ ጉዳያት ህይወት ሓቚፉ ይርከብ፣ በዞም ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተጠቕሱን ካልኦት እልቢ ዘይብሎም ምኽንያታትን ኣደናቒ ባህርያት ቁርኣንን እዩ ‘ምበኣር መላእ ህዝቢ ዓለም ናብኡ ክኣምን ብኣላህ ዝእዘዝ፣ ኩሉ’ቲ ናይ ቀደም ጽሑፋት ኣወንዚፉ ነዚ ደምዳሚ ኪዳን ኣላህ ዝኾነ ቁርኣን ክስዕብ ኣሎዎ፣ ምኽንያቱ ትሕዝቶ ናይቶም ዘይተበረዙ ቀዳሞት ጽሑፋት ኣላህ ደጊሙ ኣብ ቁርኣን ኣስፊርዎ ኢዩ። ስለዚ ኣብ እስልምና ኣንቱእሚኑቢኪታቢሂ ወይ “ብመጻሕፍቱ ክትኣምን” ክበሃል ከሎ፡ ነቶም ኣላህ ዝለኣኾም መጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ ብርግጽ ከምዝለኣኾም ምምስካር ማለት ጥራሕ ኢዩ፣ ኩሎም እቶም ዝተላእኩ መጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ ቁኑዓት ሙዃኖም፤ ኣኣብ ዝተላኣኽዎ ወቕቲ ንዝነበሩ ኣህዛብ ጥራሕ ከም እተላእኩን፤ በቲ ቁርኣን ዝተላእከሉ ዕላማ ከምእተላእኩን ምምስካር ሓደ ካብ ዓንድታት እምነት (ኣርካን ኣል ኢማን) ኢዩ፣ ንቁርኣን ብዝምልከት ግን ክንኣምን ጥራሕ ዘይኮነ ክንስዕቦ’ውን ንሕተት!! ንቁርኣን ብዝምልከት፦ * ብፍጹምን ብዘይኩነትን ቃል ኣላህ ምዃኑ፤ * ብዘይውልውል ሓቂ ምዃኑ፤ * ሓንቲ ንጽል ነጥቢ’ውን ትኹን ከይጎደሎ ከምእተዓቀበ፤ * ኩሉ እቲ ኣብ ቁርኣን ዝጥቀስ ብሙሉኡ ሓቂ ምዃኑ፤ * ኩሉ ሰብ ትእዛዛት ቁርኣን ከኽብር ሕልናዊ ሓላፍነት ከምዘለዎን፤ * ዝኾነ ኣንጻር ቁርኣን ዝለዓል ጠቐነ ንጹግ ምዃኑን ምእማን የድሊ!!! ……………እንሻኣላህ ይቕጽል ………… ኣሰላሙዓለይኩም ወራሕመቱላሂ ወበረካትሁ!! ኩቡራት ሙእሚኒን የሕዋተይ እቲ ራብዓይ ሩክኒ ሚን ኣርካን ኣል ኢማን እምነት ብሉኡኻት እዩ!! ዓቒዳ/እምነት 4ይን ናይ መወዳእታን ክፋል!!! *4. እምነት ብልኡኻት/ነቢያትኣላህ ኩቡራት ሙእሚኒን የሕዋተይ ኣብ’ቶም ዝሓለፉ ምዕራፋት ከምዝተጠቐሰ፡ ኣላህ ናብ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኩርናዓት ዓለም ዝርከቡ ኣህዛብ ሉኡኻቱ ሰዲዱ እዩ፣ እቶም ዝተፈላለዩን ኣመና ብዙሓትን ዝኾኑ ነብያቱ ዘስተምሃርዎ ወይ ዘመሓላለፍዎ መልእኽቲ ግን ሙሉእ ብሙሉእ ሓደ ዓይነት መልእኽቲ እዩ ዝነበረ። እቲ መልእኽቲ ድማ “እስልምና” ይበሃል። ማለት ንኣምልኾ ሓደ ኣላህ ስዩም ብምባል ኢድካ ምሃብ ጥራህ እዩ ነይሩ እቲ ምህሮታቶም፣ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ነዚ ኣቦና ኣዳም ዝፈለሞ ምህሮ ቀጺልዎን ኣጠቓሊሉ ኣምጺእዎን እምበር ሓድሽ ትምህርቲ ኣየመሓላለፈን፣ ስለዝኾነ ልኡኻት ኣላህ መልእኽቶም ሓደ ስለ ዝነበረ፡ ኣላህ ባዕሉ ብኹሎም ክንኣምን ይእዝዘና፣ ንሓደ ኣሚንካ ንሓደ ካልእ ምኽሓድ ግን ጌጋ እዩ፣ ምኽንያቱ ብደቂቕ እንተ ኣስተውዒልናሉ ንሓደ ምእማን ነቲ ሓደ ምኽሓድ ማለት ንኹሎም ብጠቕላላ ከም ምንጻግ ማለት ኢዩ፣ ሕመረት ናይ’ዚ ኣምር ምእንቲ ኣጸቢቕና ክንርደኦ፡ እስከ ነዛ ንእሽቶ ኣብነት ንርአ÷ ዓሰርተ ሰባት ብፊደል ይኹን ብመንፈስ ፈጺሙ ዘይፍለ ሓንቲ ዓይነት ዓረፍተ-ነገር (ምሉእ ሓሳብ) ገበሩ ንበል። ንሓንቲ ካብዘን ዓረፍተ-ነገራት ቅንዕቲ’ያ ኢልና እንተተቐቢልና፡ ነተን ዝተረፋ ትሸዓተ ዓረፍተ-ነገራት ድማ ብርግጽ ክንቅበለን ኣለና፣ ምኽንያቱ እተን ዝተረፋ ትሸዓተ ምሉኣት ሓሳባት ካብታ ዝተቐበልናያ ምልእቲ ሓሳብ ዝፈልየን ወለሓንቲ የለን፣ ብተመሳሳሊ ንሓንቲ ካብተን ዓረፍተ-ነገራት እንተ ነጺግና ድማ ንኹሉ ከምዝነጸግና እዩ ዝቑጸር፣ ምኽንያቱ ኩለን እተን ዓረፍተ-ነገራት ሓንቲ ዓይነት ስለዝኾና። ስለ’ዚ ኢዩ እምበኣር ኣብ ሃይማኖት እስልምና ብኹሎም ልኡኻት ኣላህ ምእማን ብጣዕሚ ኣገዳሲ ዝኸውን፣ ብኩሎም ነብያት እመን ዳኣ’ምበር። ፍልይ ኣቢልካ ንሓደ ነቢይ ኣይኣምነሉን’የ ምባል፤ ክሕደት ወይ ኩፉር ኢዩ ዝቁጸር፣ ኣብ ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን ነቢያት ብስም ተጠቒሶም ኣለዉ። ነዚኣቶም ብግቡእ ክንኣምነሎም ከለና፡ ነቶም ኣብ ቁርኣን ዘይተጠቐሱ ግን ኣላህ ሊኢኸዮም ኢየ ዝበለ ነቢያት ድማ ብድምዱሙ ሓቀኛታት ሉኻት ኣላህ ምንባሮም ንቕበል። ክሎም ነቢያት ኣላህ ማዕረ እዮም ኢልና ኣለና፣ ከየበላለጽና ድማ ንኣምነሎምን ንቕበሎምን፣ ንማዕርነቶም ከየፍረስና ስለስተ ፍልልያት ግን ከነስተውዕል ንኽእል። *1. ኩሎም እቶም ቀዳሞት ነቢያት ንዝተወሰኑ ናታቶም ሕብረተሰባትን ንሓጺር ግዜን እዮም ተላኢኾም፣ በንጻሩ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ግን ንመላእ ደቂ ኣዳምን ክሳዕ መኸተምታ ዓለም ንኹሉ እዋንን ኢዩ ተልእኾኡ። *2. ናይ መብዛሕቶም ነብያት መጻሕፍቲ ይኹን ኣስተምህሮታቶም ዝጠፈአ ክጠፍእ ከሎ፡ እቲ ዝተረፈ ድማ የእዳው ደቂ ሰባት ኣትይዎ ኢዩ። በንጻር’ዚ ቁርኣን ይኹን፡ ኣስተምህሮታት ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም)፡ መደረታቱ፡ ልምድታቱን ሞራላውነቱን ብግቡእ ተዓቂቡ ኣሎ። ስለዝኾነ ካብቶም ቀዳሞት ነብያት ብዝያዳ ገና ህይወት ለቢሱ ዘሎ ሰብኣዊ መንነት (ፐርሰናሊቲ) ናይ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ኢዩ። ብ ኣሰር እግሪ ናይዚ ናይ መወዳእታ ልኡኽ ኣላህ ዝኾነ ነቢይ ድማ ተኣማሚንካ ንሓደ ጎይታ ክትግዛእ ትኽእል። *3. ኣላህ ናብቶም ዝሓለፉ ኣህዛብ መልእኽተኛታቱ ክሰድድ ከሎ፡ ምስቲ ናታቶም ግዜ ዝኸይድ ሕግታትን መምርሒታትን እናሃበ ኢዩ ዝልእኮም ዝነበረ። ስለዝኾነ እቲ ቀጺሉ ዝመጽእ ነቢይ ወይ ልኡኽ ኣላህ ድማ ኣብቲ ዝጸነሐ ሕግታት ምቅይያራትን ምምሕያሻትን ይገብር ነበረ። ምኽንያቱ እቲ ግዜን እቶም ኣህዛብን ምስቶም ቅድሚኦም ዝነበሩ ብዙሕ ፍልልያት ኢዩ ዘለዎም። ነፍሲ-ወከፍ ስዒቡ ዝመጸ ነቢይ ነቲ ቅድሚኡ ዝነበረ ሕግታት እናመሓየሸን እናጸረበን ክሳዕ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ኣብጺሖሞ። ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ድማ ነቲ ዘይተማለአ ሕግታት ብምጽፋፍ፡ ንኹሉ መዳያት ህይወት ሓደ ብሓደ ዝትንክፍ ጎደሎ ዘይብሉ ሃብታምን ውዱእን ስርዓት ብምቕራብ፡ ነቲ ናይ ነብያት ሰንሰለት ዛዚምዎ። ፍትዋት የሕዋተይ ብዘይወገንነት እንተ መርሚርናዮ፡ ኩሉ’ቲ ነዚ ህሉውን መጻእን ሕብረተሰባት ዘገድስ፡ ፍቕሪ፡ ሓልዮት፡ ምክብባርን ስኒትን ዘንግስ፡ ክስራሓሉ ዝኽእልን ዘልኣለማዊ ባህሪ ዘለዎን ስርዓታት ናይቶም ዝሓለፉ ነብያት ብምልኣት ኣብ እስልምና ተጠቓሊሉ ኢና ንረኽቦ። ንነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ምኽታል እምበኣር ንኹሎም እቶም ዝሓለፉ ቀዳሞት ነብያት ከም ምኽታል ማለት እዩ። ስለዚ ሓቀኛ ተምበርካኺ ኣላህ ወይ ሙስሊም ንሙኳን ኣብ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ሙሉእ እምነት ክህልወና ይግባእ፣ እዚ ማለት ድማ፦ ሓቀኛ ልኡኽ ኣላህ ምዃኑ ምቕባል፣ ኣስተምህሩኡ ካብ ጌጋታትን ብልሽውናን ነጻን ፍጹምን ምዃኑ ምምስካር፣ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ናይ መወዳእታን ዛዛሚን ናይቶም ሰንሰለታውያን ነቢያት ምዃኑን ብድሕሪኡ ዝኾነ ነቢይ ከምዘይመጽእን ምእማንን የድሊ። እቲ ሓምሻይ እምነት ብመወዳእታ ማዓልቲ ማለት (ብየውም ኣልቅያማህ). *5. እምነት ብ መወዳእታ መዓልቲ ኩቡራት ሙእሚኒን የሕዋተይ ኣብ እስልምና እምነት ብ መወዳእታ መዓልቲ ሓደ ካብ ዓንድታት ኢማን/እምነት ኢዩ፣ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ብ “ህይወት ድሕሪ ሞት” ወይ ድማ ድሕሪ ሞት ትንሳኤ ከምዘሎ ክንኣምን ይእዝዙና። ሓደ መዓልቲ ኣብቲ ኣላህ ዝወሰኖ ዕለት ዓለማዊ ህይወት ክፍጸም ኢዩ፣ ኩሉ ነገር ድማ ጠቕላላ ኪዓኑ ኢዩ፣ እዚ መዓልቲ’ዚ “ቅያማ” ወይ መወዳእታ መዓልቲ ተባሂሉ ይፍለጥ፣ ካብ ኣዳም ጀሚሩ ክሳዕ እታ መወዳእታ መዓልቲ ዝነበርና ኩላትና ደቂ ሰባት ዳግም ብህይወት ክንምለስ ኢና፣ ኣብ ቅድሚ ኣላህ ቀሪብና ድማ ግቡእ ፍርድና ንቕበል፣ እዚ ፍጻሜ “ሓሽር” ወይ ትንሳኤ ይበሃል። ካብቲ ዝደቐቐ ክሳዕ’ቲ ዝለዓለ ዝፈጸምናዮም ተግባራት ብሙሉኦም ተሰኒዶም ስለዝጸንሑ፡ ንናይ መወዳእታ ፍርዲ ናብ ኣላህ ክንቀርብ ኢና፣ ስለዝኾነ ድማ እቲ ብሓደ ኣላህ ዝኣመነን ሰናይ ግብሪ ዘብዘሐን ሰብ ዝለዓለ ዓወት ብምጉንጻፍ ዓስቡ ይኽፈል፣ በንጻሩ እቲ ብዘይካ ኣላህ ንካልእ ዘምለኸን እከይ ተግባራቱን ሓጥያታቱን ዝበዘሐ ድማ ውርደትን መቕጻዕትን ይቕበሎ፣ ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ ነፍሲ-ወከፍ ሰብ ብውልቁ ተሓታታይ ኢዩ፣ ሓላፍነት ዝስከመሉ ሓደ’ኳ የልቦን። ኩቡራት ሙእሚኒን የሕዋተይ ብእምነትናን ተግባርናን ዳኣምበር፡ ካልእ ሰብ ብዝፈጸሞ ሓጥያት ብፍጹም ኣይንሕተትን፣ ወዲ ሰብ ካብ ሓጥያት ነጻ ኮይኑ ኢዩ ዝፍጠር፣ እቲ ለዋህ፡ ደንጋጽን ሩህሩህን ኣላህ ኣቦና ኣዳም ዝሓጠዮ ሓጥያት ኣሰኪሙ ኣይፈጥረናን ኢዩ፣ ኣላህ ብለውሃቱ ንኣዳም ነቲ ዝገበሮ ሓጥያት ኣብ እዋኑ ይቕረ ስለዝበለሉ፤ ዝሰጋገር መቦቆላዊ ሓጥያት ዝበሃል ነገር የሎን፣ ስለዝኾነ ንድሕነሉ ወይ ንሳቐየሉ እንኮ ጠንቂ። እምነትናን ተግባራትናን ጥራሕ ኢዩ፣ መወዳእታ መዓልቲ እምበኣር እቶም ዕዉታት ናብ ናይ ዘልኣለም ህይወትን ፍሰሃን ዝርከባ ገነት ዝኣትዉላ መዓልቲ ክትከውን ከላ፡ እቶም ሓጢኣተኛታት፡ ገበነኛታትን ኣምለኽቲ ካልኦት ፍጡራት ዝኾኑ ድማ ናብታ ናይ ዘልኣለማዊ ስቅያት ዝርከባ ገሃነመ-እሳት ዝድርበዩላ ማዓልቲ ኢያ። እቲ ሻድሻይ እነት ድማ እምነት ብ ኣልቕድር ቅድመ ድንጋገ ሕማቕ ይኹን ጹቡቕ ዘበለ ኩሉ ነገር ብፍቓድ ኣላህ ከምዝፍጸም ምእማን። *6. እምነት ብ ኣልቐድር/ ቅድመ-ድንጋጌ ሕማቕ ይኹን ጽቡቕ ዘበለ ኩሉ ነገር ብፍቓድ ኣላህ ኢዩ ዝፍጸም፣ ኣላህ ከጋጥም ዝወሰኖ ዝኾነ ነገር ድማ ካብ ምግጣም ዝዓግቶ ዝኾነ ሓይሊ የለን፣ ስለዚ በቲ ኣላህ ኣቀዲሙ ዝደንገጎ ኩሉ ምእማን ኣካል ኢስላማዊ እምነት ኢዩ፣ ኣላህ ነቶም ዛጊት ዘጋጠሙን ብሕጂ ዘጋጥሙን ገና ከይጋጠሙ ከለዉ ከምዝፈልጦም ምእማን የድሊ፣ ኩነታት ፍጡራቱ፡ ተግባራቶም፡ ዝጸንሕዎ ዕድመ ብንጹር ዝፈልጥ ኣላህ ጥራሕ ኢዩ፣ ስለዚ ዝኾነ ሰብ ብመሎኮታዊ ቅድመ-ድንጋገ ወይ ኣልቐድር እንተኣሚኑ፡ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ረብሓታት ኪጎናጸፍ ይኽእል÷ *1. ጸጋታቱ ናብ ኣላህ ብምሙርኳስ ኢዩ ዝጥቐመሎም ምኽንያቱ እቶም ጸጋታት ይኹኑ ጠንቕታቶም ብመለኮታዊ ቅድመ-ድንጋገ ኣላህ ዝተወሃብዎ ምዃኖም ስለ ዝፈልጥ። *2. ዝህብን ዝኸልእን ዘጥዕን ዘሕምምን ዘምውትን ዘተስእን ሓደ ኣላህ ምዃኑ ስለዝፈልጥ፤ ኣቀዲሙ ብምድንጋጉ ክቅይሮ’ውን ስለ ዘይክእል፤ ንዘለዎ ብምቕባል ናይ ኣእምሮ ቅሳነትን ህድኣትን ኢዩ ዝረክብ፣ ጽሟቕ ትሕዝቶ ናይቶም ኣብዚ ምዕራፍ ዝተጠቕሱ ኣምራት ሽዱሽተ ዓንድታት እምነት ኣብእስልምና÷ 1. እምነትብኣላህ፡ ንኣላህ ብንቕሓት ፈሊጥካን ተረዲእካን ከተምልኾን ክትግዘኦን ከምዘለካ፡ ኣብ ኣምልኾቱ ዝኾነ ፍጡር ወዲ-ሰብ ይኹን ኣማልኽቲ ክትሕውስ ከምዘይብልካ። 2. እምነት ብመላእኽቲ ኣላህ፡ ንኣላህ (ሱ,ወ) እሙናት ኣምለኽቱን ኣተግበርቲ ትእዛዛቱን ዝኾኑ መላእኽቲ ከም ዘለዉዎ፤ ኣብ ሞሎኮታውነቱ ዝኾነ ብጽሒት ከምዘይብሎምን ንዖኦም ምምላኽ መጠነ-ገዚፍ ሓጥያት ምዃኑን ምእማን። 3. እምነትብመጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ፡ ቅድሚ ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ኣላህ መጻሕፍቲ ከምዝለኣኸ ምእማን፣ ካብኣቶም ኣብ ቁርኣን ዝተጠቕሱ ኣርባዕተ መጻሕፍቲ ኣላህ እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም፦ * “ቶራህ” ናይ ነቢይ ሙሳ/ሙሴ፡ * “ዘቡር/መዝሙር ናይ ነቢይ ዳውድ/ዳዊት * ኢንጂል/ወንጌል ናይ ነቢይ ዒሳ/ኢየሱስ ክኾኑ ከለዉ፤ እቲ እንኽተሎ መጽሓፍ ግን ቅዱስ ቁርኣን ናብ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ዝወረደ መጽሓፍ ኢዩ። 4. እምነትብልኡኻት ኣላህ፡ ኣላህ ናብ ኩሎም ህዝብታት ዓለም ነቢያት ወይ ልኡኻት ከም ዝለኣኸ፤ እቶም ኩሎም ዝተላእኩ ነቢያት ነናብ ህዝቦም ከምዝለኣኾም፤ ነቢይ ሙሓመድ (ሰለላሁ ዓለይሂ ወሰለም) ግና ደምዳሚ/ዛዛሚ ነቢይነት ብሙዃን ናብ መላእ ህዝብታት ዓለም ከም እተላእከ፤ ተልእኹኡ ክሳዕ መወዳእታ መዓልቲ ዓለም ከምዝቕጽልን፤ ብድሕሪኡ ዝመጽእ ነቢይ ከምዘየለን ምእማንን፣ ኣብ ቁርኣን ብስም ዝተጠቐሱ 25 ነቢያት ኣለዉ። 5. እምነት ብመወዳእታ መዓልቲ፡ ዓለማዊ ህይወታዊ ሓደ መዓልቲ ከምዘብቅዕ፤ ብድሕሪ ሞት ህይወት ከምዘሎን ኩሉ ፍጡር በቲ ኣብ ዓለም ከሎ ዝፈጸሞ ተግባራት ፍትሓዊ ዓስቡ ከምዝኽፈልን ምእማን። 6. እምነትብቅድመ-ድንጋገ፡ ኩሉ ኣብ ህይወት ከለና እንረኽቦ ሕማቕ ይኹን ጽቡቕ ካብ ኣላህ ምዃኑን ኣላህ ኣቐዲሙ ከምዝወሰኖ ወይ ጽሑፍ ምዃኑ ምእማን የድሊ። ወሏሁ ኣዕለም!!! ወሰላሙዓለይኩም ወራሕመቱላሂ ወበረካትሁ!!! 8qhw5blq1kmw5bvmejnt896gttdr2od 0 2082 20038 20037 2020-01-15T15:59:30Z Praxidicae 5594 wikitext text/x-wiki ኣንበሳን ድብን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] rjfsaqy0bu7ghncd5nwu1n6c15hfzw9 0 2083 21233 21223 2020-09-24T22:19:28Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ኣቦን ወድን ኣድጎምን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 1x8ecvl726e0ygcwe81kanfwi6c5ekb 0 2084 21232 21224 2020-09-24T22:19:27Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ኣንበሳን ኣንጭዋን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 46kwvtt8q9x554f4jarex2qk4qdb6aa 0 2085 21231 21225 2020-09-24T22:19:26Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ዘይሓስብ ነጋዳይ ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] 0lravt4pua6xat99gisrtnk45yrzxbk 0 2087 21229 21227 2020-09-24T22:19:23Z Turkmen 6271 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki ዳሞንን ፒቲያስን ሓረግ እዩ። [[Category:ሓረጋት]] fnt70f491lfuxax6rvm8vftzixqa9kk 4 2088 24093 24074 2023-01-21T14:54:17Z Sakura emad 7824 /* Sakura emad */ closing as not done wikitext text/x-wiki * <p>'''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.</p><!-- --><p>Requests for the [[m:administrator|administrator]] flag on the Tigrinya Wikipedia should also be made on this page. Anyone can add a request here. The request will be granted if there are more support than oppose votes. In perspective these rules will be hardened. You must be a native speaker and you must have at least 100 edits in Tigrinya Wikipedia to be an Admin. For more information, see [[:en:Wikipedia:Administrators|Wikipedia:Administrators]].</p> =Requests for adminship= == Administrators == === [[User:ብላይክ|ብላይክ ]] === * candidate's words: I edit in Tigrinya. I would translate the entire interface. ====Support (+) ==== # ====Oppose (-)==== # '''Oppose'''. I do not think you would make a good admin at this time. Looking at your contributions, I see that you have put profanity on your user talkpage. You also put profanity on an IP's talkpage, then replaced it with a request to vote for you. Admins especially have to be more sensitive and diplomatic than to use profanity for no apparent reason. You also cast three votes for yourself, but all three in the name of [[User:YonasB]], who is another user besides you, with only 3 edits to his name, the last being over a year ago. Aside from all this, it is not evident from your contributions on this account, that you have ever written one word in Tigrinya. ##Now, we might assume that you are the same as [[User:Blake]] who has indeed edited in Tigrinya, because your name ብላይክ is a rough approximation of the pronunciation of Blake (though not an exact one), and it also matches the signature for that account. But we cannot even know this for sure, other than to assume. There have also been some perplexing edits from both these accounts (Blake and ብላይክ) on the Amharic wikipedia, although I realize you probably do not know much Amharic. At any rate, for the moment I have more questions than anything else. Regards, [[:am:User:Codex Sinaiticus]] #'''Oppose'''--[[User:Barryland|Barryland]] 14:51, 9 June 2007 (UTC) #'''Strong oppose'''. --[[User:ቶጎሩባ|ቶጎሩባ]] 13:08, 10 June 2007 (UTC) ====Neutral ( )==== #'''Neutral''' because someone was cracking my password because my password is weak and I couldn't log in. I chose another user name. Regards, Blake. ====Result==== Support: 0, Oppose: 3, Neutral: 1 === [[User:ቶጎሩባ|ቶጎሩባ]] === Hello, I am Togoruba. ====Support (+) ==== # ====Oppose (-)==== # ====Neutral ( )==== # ====Result==== Support: 0, Oppose: 0, Neutral: 0 === [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] === Hello all, I want to be an administrator to try to improve the user interface of the main page. Besides that the current administrator is inactive. I also request interface administrator permission to improve infoboxes by adding headers with CSS codes to them. Thanks --[[ተጠቃሚ:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[ተጠቃሚ ምይይጥ:Joanmp14|talk]]) 15:29, 22 ሓምለ 2020 (UTC) ====Support (+) ==== # ====Oppose (-)==== # ====Neutral ( )==== # === [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] === Hello, I am making this new request to prolong my adminship and interface administrator permissions seeing that I am still the only active contributor. Thanks --[[ተጠቃሚ:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[ተጠቃሚ ምይይጥ:Joanmp14|talk]]) 21:51, 21 ጥቅምቲ 2020 (UTC) ====Support (+) ==== # ====Oppose (-)==== # ====Neutral ( )==== # === [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] === Hello all, I am making this new request again to prolong my adminship and interface administrator permissions seeing that I am still the only active contributor. Thanks --[[ተጠቃሚ:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[ተጠቃሚ ምይይጥ:Joanmp14|talk]]) 19:00, 21 ሚያዝያ 2021 (UTC) ====Support (+) ==== # ====Oppose (-)==== # ====Neutral ( )==== # === [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] === Hello all, I am making this new request again to prolong my adminship and interface administrator permissions. Thanks --[[ተጠቃሚ:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[ምይይጥ ተጠቃሚ:Joanmp14|talk]]) 06:23, 22 ጥቅምቲ 2021 (UTC) ====Support (+) ==== # ====Oppose (-)==== # ====Neutral ( )==== # === [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] === Hello community, I am making this new request again to prolong my adminship and interface administrator permissions. Thanks --[[ተጠቃሚ:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[ምይይጥ ተጠቃሚ:Joanmp14|talk]]) 16:21, 22 ጥቅምቲ 2022 (UTC) ====Support (+) ==== # ====Oppose (-)==== # ====Neutral ( )==== # === [[User:Sakura emad|Sakura emad]] === <div class="boilerplate archived archive-top" style="background-color: {{{bg|#EDEAFF}}}; padding: 0 0.6em; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> <span class="nowrap">[[File:X mark.svg|18px|link=|alt=]]&nbsp;'''ዘይተገብረ'''</span><br> hello community, as a member of Small Wiki Monitoring Team i worked on many projects on improving their wiki quality, i would like to ask for temporary adminship for 3 months period. [[ተጠቃሚ:Sakura emad|Sakura emad]] ([[ምይይጥ ተጠቃሚ:Sakura emad|talk]]) 18:39, 14 ጥሪ 2023 (UTC) ====Support (+) ==== <!-- vote with statement---> # ====Oppose (-)==== <!-- vote with statement---> # ====Neutral ( )==== # <div class="boilerplate-header" style="margin-left: 1.6em; font-style: italic;"> እቲ ዘተ ዕጹው እዩ። <strong style="color:red">በጃኹም ኣይትቕይርዎ።</strong> </div> </div> =Requests for bot approval= == Bots == === [[User:YonaBot|YonaBot]] === Hello, I'm [[commons:User:Yonatanh|Yonatan]], an admin on commons, and I run [[User:YonaBot|YonaBot]], an interwiki.py pywikipedia bot that adds interwikis mainly from the Hebrew Wikipedia. I already have the bot flag on an, ar, bg, bn, bs, ca, cs, da, de, el, en, fi, fr, id, it, no, nl, pl, pt, ru and sv. Thanks, [[User:Yonatan|Yonatan]] 13:46, 12 May 2007 (UTC) ====Support (+) ==== #'''Support'''. --[[User:58.178.132.239|58.178.132.239]] 12:12, 8 June 2007 (UTC) #'''Strong support'''. --[[User:ቶጎሩባ|ቶጎሩባ]] 14:26, 16 June 2007 (UTC) ====Oppose (-) ==== ====Neutral ( )==== ====Result==== Support: 2, Oppose: 0, Neutral: 0 : Already done. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 07:36:44, 10 ሚያዝያ 2009 (UTC)</small> ===[[User:SieBot|SieBot]]=== Please give a bot bit to [[User:SieBot|SieBot]], so it will not flood your RC as it adds interwiki links using pywikipedia's interwiki.py. [[User:SieBot|SieBot]] is active on about 140 Wikipedias. See the [[User:SieBot|user page]] of the bot for more details, or check a complete overview of its activities [[:nl:Gebruiker:SieBot/Overview|here]]. Cheers! [[User:Siebrand|Siebrand]] ([[:nl:User talk:Siebrand|talk]]) 09:34, 15 ነሓሰ 2007 (UTC) : Already done. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 07:38:18, 10 ሚያዝያ 2009 (UTC)</small> === [[User:PipepBot|PipepBot]] === Hello! I ask for permission to run my interwiki bot [[User:PipepBot|PipepBot]] here, and to get a bot flag for it. * Operator: [[:it:User:Pipep]] * Purpose: Interwiki * Software: Pywikipedia * Has bot flag at: als, am, an, ar, arc, ast, az, bat-smg, be, be-x-old, bn, bpy, bs, ca, ce, ceb, co, cs, cu, cv, da, de, eml, en, eo, et, fo, fr, frp, fur, fy, ga, gd, hr, ht, hu, hy, id, ie, ilo, io, is, ja, ka, ksh, ku, kw, la, lb, li, lij, ln, lt, lv, mi, mk, ml, ms, nap, nds, nds-nl, nn, no, oc, pms, rm, rmy, ro, roa-tara, ru-sib, sc, scn, sco, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, su, sv, te, th, tl, udm, uk, vec, vls, vo, wa, wo, wuu, zea, zh, zh-classical, zh-yue * Details: Interwiki using Pywikipediabot. It mostly runs manually assisted. May run automatically in some cases. Thank you! --[[:it:User:Pipep]] 17:57, 26 ነሓሰ 2007 (UTC) : <s>Not done, local policy described at the top of this page requires that "''You must be a native speaker and you must have at least 100 edits in Tigrinya Wikipedia if you want to''". If that only applies to adminship, that needs to be clarified before further bot requests on this wiki can be granted. [[User:207.162.58.44|207.162.58.44]]</s> :: '''Done''', policy fixed with local implementation of the [[m:Bot policy|standard bot policy]]. <small>—[[m:user:Pathoschild/s|Pathoschild]] 01:13, 21 መስከረም 2007 (UTC)</small> ::: Thank you! [[:it:User:Pipep]] 15:30, 21 መስከረም 2007 (UTC) === [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]] === Hi, i request a bot bit for [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]]. * Botmaster : [[User:Multichill|Multichill]] * Bot's name : [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]] * List of botflags on others wikipedias: about 100+ atm (see [[meta:User:Multichill]] for the current list) * Purpose: Interwiki (pywikipedia) * Technical details : [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]] is an interwiki bot starting at the [[:nl:Gebruiker:BotMultichill|Dutch wikipedia]]. The bot uses the pywikipedia framework and runs day and night in autonomous mode. Sometimes the bot will run in manual assisted mode to solve interwiki conflicts. [[User:Multichill|Multichill]] 16:04, 6 መስከረም 2007 (UTC) : Already done. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 07:40:35, 10 ሚያዝያ 2009 (UTC)</small> === [[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]] === Hi, i request a bot flag for [[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]] *'''Operator''': [[:it:Utente:Alleborgo|Alleborgo]] *'''Automatic or Manually Assisted''': Automatic, in "-autonomous" mode. Sometimes the bot will run in manual assisted mode to solve interwiki conflicts. *'''Programming Language(s)''': Pywikipedia framework daily updated to the last SVN version *'''Function Summary''': interwiki *'''Already has a bot flag in''': ar, am, an, ast, az, bar, bat-smg, bg, br, bn, bpy, bs, ca, ceb, cs, cv, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fr, frp, fy, ga, gl, he, hr, hsb, ht, hu, hy, id, is, it, iu, ja, jv, ka, kk, ksh, ku, lb, li, lmo, ln, lt, lv, mk, mi, ml, mr, ms, mt, nap, nds, nds-nl, nl, nn, no, pl, pms, ps, pt, ro, roa-tara, ru, sco, sh, sk, simple, sl, sq, sr, su, sv, ta, tg, th, to, tr, tt, uk, ur, vec, vi, vls, vo, zh, zh-classical, zh-min-nan, zh-yue. On it.wiki has done more than 65000 edit. Thanks --[[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]] 16:23, 2 ኅዳር 2007 (UTC) : Already done. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 07:44:43, 10 ሚያዝያ 2009 (UTC)</small> === [[:User:Purbo_T|Purbo_T]] === Hi, I'd like to request a bot flag for [[:User:Purbo_T|Purbo_T]] <small>([[:Special:Contributions/Purbo T|contribs]])</small> *'''Operator''': [[:User:Purodha]] = [[:ksh:User:Purodha]] (b'crat @ [[:ksh:|ksh]]) *'''Function''': interwiki link maintenance *'''Operation''': manually-assisted, occasionally in automatic or autonomous mode, starting mostly from the [[:ksh:|Wikipedia of Ripuarian languages]] *'''Software:''' [[:meta:pywikipedia|pywikipediabot]] framework updated daily from [http://svn.wikimedia.org/svnroot/pywikipedia/trunk/pywikipedia/ svn] to latest version *'''Already has bot flag on:''' <span class="plainlinks"> [{{fullurl:am:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} am], [{{fullurl:ar:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ar], [{{fullurl:be-x-old:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} be-x-old], [{{fullurl:bn:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} bn], [{{fullurl:bo:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} bo], [{{fullurl:bxr:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} bxr], [{{fullurl:cdo:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} cdo], [{{fullurl:co:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} co], [{{fullurl:crh:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} crh], [{{fullurl:de:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} de], [{{fullurl:dsb:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} dsb], [{{fullurl:dz:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} dz], [{{fullurl:fa:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} fa], [{{fullurl:fr:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} fr], [{{fullurl:gv:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} gv], [{{fullurl:hr:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} hr], [{{fullurl:hsb:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} hsb], [{{fullurl:ht:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ht], [{{fullurl:ig:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ig], [{{fullurl:ja:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ja], [{{fullurl:ksh:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ksh], [{{fullurl:ku:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ku], [{{fullurl:lbe:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} lbe], [{{fullurl:lmo:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} lmo], [{{fullurl:ml:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ml], [{{fullurl:mr:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} mr], [{{fullurl:nds:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} nds], [{{fullurl:nl:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} nl], [{{fullurl:pms:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} pms], [{{fullurl:simple:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} simple], [{{fullurl:stq:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} stq], [{{fullurl:sv:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} sv], [{{fullurl:tg:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} tg], [{{fullurl:ts:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} ts], [{{fullurl:vec:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} vec], [{{fullurl:vi:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} vi], [{{fullurl:vls:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} vls], [{{fullurl:vo:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} vo], [{{fullurl:zea:Special:Userlist|limit=1&username=Purbo_T}} zea], </span> more pending, [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~purodha/sample/dbswithuser.php?usr=Purbo_T recent&nbsp;data] (sorry, the [[:m:toolserver|toolserver]] is having technical problems at the moment) Thank you! ----[[User:Purodha|Purodha Blissenbach]] 01:22, 7 ለካቲት 2008 (UTC) : Already done. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 07:47:51, 10 ሚያዝያ 2009 (UTC)</small> ===Bot flag for [[User:StigBot|StigBot]] === I hereby request botflag on this wiki for my bot [[User:StigBot|StigBot]]. *'''Owner’s account:''' [[:no:User:Stigmj|Stigmj]] ([[:no:User talk:Stigmj|talk]]) *'''Bot account:''' [[User:StigBot|StigBot]] ([[Special:Contributions/StigBot|contribs]] &bull; [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=StigBot <span style="color:#002bb8">sul</span>] &bull; [[:m:Special:Makebot/StigBot@tiwiki|makebot@meta]] ) *'''Function:''' mainly interwiki, but can be used in user-namespace for adding userpages etc. on request from the affected users. *'''Software:''' Pywikipedia, updated from SVN before each run. *'''Other:''' Runs manually initiated automatic supervised and sometimes entirely manual. Already has bot flag on: ar, bpy, en, eo, fr, no, oc, pt, ro and vo. Best regards, [[User:Stigmj|Stigmj]] 13:14, 8 ሰነ 2008 (UTC) : Not done; a local bot flag is no longer needed. This is a [[m:bot policy|global bot]], and this wiki recently enabled global bots. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 07:48:08, 10 ሚያዝያ 2009 (UTC)</small> ===Bot flag for [[User:Vagobot|Vagobot]] === *'''Owner’s account:''' [[:az:User:Vago|Vago]] *'''Bot account:''' [[User:Vagobot|Vagobot]] ([[Special:Contributions/Vagobot|contribs]] &bull; [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=Vagobot <span style="color:#002bb8">sul</span>]) *'''Function:''' mainly interwiki, redirects *'''Software:''' Pywikipedia *'''Other:''' Runs manually initiated automatic supervised and sometimes entirely manual. Already has bot flag on: en, de, etc. (+90 wikis). Thanks![[User:Vago|Vago]] 10:32, 18 ጥቅምቲ 2011 (UTC) === [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] === * Bot : [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] * Operator : [[:de:Benutzer:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] * Automatic or Manually Assisted : automatic * Programming Language(s) : Python (pywikipedia), daily update * Function Summary : Interwiki * Already has a bot flag (Y/N) : Yes, [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=HiW-Bot please see here] * Function Details : just using the standard interwiki.py I humbly request bot status on this wiki in order to maintain Interwiki. Thank you --[[User:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] 20:42, 24 ጥቅምቲ 2011 (UTC) ==Bot policy== Hello. To facilitate [[m:steward|steward]] granting of bot access, I'd like to implement the [[m:Bot policy|standard bot policy]] on this wiki. This will involve creating a redirect to this page from [[Project:Bot policy]], and adding a line at the top noting that it is used here. In particular, this policy allows automatic acceptance of known interlanguage linking bots (if this page says that is acceptable), which form the vast majority of such requests. Note that, unless explicitly stated otherwise, this policy will remove the requirement that bot operators be native ትግርኛ speakers (that requirement will only apply to administrators). Please read the text at [[m:Bot policy]] before commenting. If you object, please say so; it will be implemented in one week if there is no objection, since it is particularly written to streamline bot requests on wikis with little or no community interested in bot access requests. <small>—[[m:user:Pathoschild/s|Pathoschild]] 21:12, 12 መስከረም 2007 (UTC)</small> :I know an over-literal interpretation of the first paragraph might suggest bot operators must speak Tigrinya, but this hardly could have been the intended meaning. [[User:70.105.30.46|70.105.30.46]] 13:15, 15 መስከረም 2007 (UTC) :: That is why I'll correct that unless somebody objects. <small>—[[m:user:Pathoschild/s|Pathoschild]] 17:19, 15 መስከረም 2007 (UTC)</small> :::Beat you to it... [[User:70.105.30.46|70.105.30.46]] 14:06, 16 መስከረም 2007 (UTC) :::: '''Implemented.''' <small>—[[m:user:Pathoschild/s|Pathoschild]] 23:47, 20 መስከረም 2007 (UTC)</small> ==Global bots== Hello. The [[m:Bot policy|standard bot policy]] was updated to allow global bots, which are now technically possible. These are trusted bots that will be given bot access on every wiki that allows global bots (the local policy or request page must explicitly allow them, or they won't get access on this wiki). The [[m:Bot policy#Global_bots|current requirements]] for global bots are: * a global bot must only maintain interlanguage links or fix double-redirects; * a global bot must have already been active on several wikis, with long-term contributions demonstrating its trustworthiness. Does anyone object to allowing global bots on this wiki? I'll update the local policy in a week if there are no objections. Thanks. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 18:03:34, 28 ሓምለ 2008 (UTC)</small> : Done. —<small>[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] 07:48:27, 10 ሚያዝያ 2009 (UTC)</small> q12y1eygx0xr5ftdl297349uo7oxj2p 4 2089 5261 5260 2007-04-21T04:29:02Z Blake~tiwiki 77 /* [[User:Yonasb|Yonasb]] */ wikitext text/x-wiki It is the page for requests for bureaucratship on the Tigrinya Wikipedia. Everyone can add his request here. The voting lasts 10 days.The user becomes an bureaucrat if he has more support than opposes. In perspective these rules will be hardened. == Bureaucrats == ===[[User:Yonasb|Yonasb]]=== * editcount: [http://tools.wikimedia.de/%7Einteriot/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=Yonasb&dbname=tiwiki_p 3] (15,0%) * candidate's words: A Tigrinya Wikipedian. * voting starts at: 12:32 23.04.2007 UTC * voting closes at: 12:32 03.05.2007 UTC ====Support==== ====Oppose==== ====Result==== n9jci7chkxuper43nob0dvsna79u935 4 2090 24037 24035 2022-12-22T21:17:54Z Praxidicae 5594 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/158.255.53.108|158.255.53.108]] ([[User talk:158.255.53.108|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Blake~tiwiki|Blake~tiwiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{eng}} Welcome to the Sandbox! This is where you carry out experiments on the Tigrinya Wikipedia! You can make test edits in the sandbox, and do not place copyrighting, offensive, slanderous, and libelous content in it. ==Please leave this line alone (sandbox heading)== 2d1gikecuvage8bznlmr599sjj3y8d1 4 2091 5246 5245 2007-04-21T03:57:48Z Blake~tiwiki 77 /* Expansion requests */ wikitext text/x-wiki It is the page for requests for expansions on the Tigrinya Wikipedia. Everyone can add a request here. In perspective these rules will be hardened. ==Expansion requests== ====[[ኬሚስትሪ]]==== I think these pages are the same as the title name. --[[User:Blake|ብላይክ]] 03:57, 21 April 2007 (UTC) '''The nomination includes,''' [[ኬሚስትሪ]], [[ኮምፒዩተር ሳይንስ]], [[ፊዚክስ]], [[ስታቲስቲክስ]], [[ንግዲ]], [[መራኸቢ]], [[ትምህርቲ]], [[ምህንድስና]], [[መንግሥቲ]], [[ሥራሕቲ ጥብቅና]], [[ናይላብረርን ሓበሬታን ሳይንስ]], [[ሕክምና]], [[ፖለቲካ]], [[ህዝባዊ ጕዳያት]], [[ሶፍትዌር ምህንድስና]], [[ቴክኖሎጂ (ምዕባለ)]] and [[መጓዓዝያ]] * '''Expand''' per nomination. --[[User:Blake|ብላይክ]] 03:57, 21 April 2007 (UTC) * '''Expand''' because the pages are the same title. --[[User:Blake|ብላይክ]] 03:57, 21 April 2007 (UTC) szkj0zdnrqktvsodxr1057a825jwetg 0 2093 23806 22095 2022-08-07T07:00:12Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቋንቋ ሃገር''' እዚ ኣምር’ዚ፡ ምስ’ቲ ብ1977 ኪትኣታተው ዝጀመረ ጽገና ቋንቋ-ሃገር ዝተባህለ ተተሓሒዙ ዝቘመ’ዩ። "ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ-ሃገር" ሕጂ "ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ-ኣደ" ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ ኣሎ። ሓደ ካብ ወለዲ ወይ መጕ ዚት፡ ቋንቋ-ኣደኦም ዘይሽወደን ምስ ዚኸውን፣ እሞ መዓልታዊ ምስ ውላ ዶም በቲ ቛንቋ’ቲ ዚዛረቡ ምስ ዚዀኑ፣ ቈልዑ ትምህርቲ ቋንቋ-ኣደ ኪወስዱ መሰል ኣሎዎም። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ|ሃገር ፣ ቋንቋ]] qo7adsesosys3rmbl3nelo0qhw0ymba 0 2094 23807 22094 2022-08-07T07:00:34Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቋንቋ ብዙሕ''' እቲ ዝዓበየን ዓብላልን ቋንቋ ናይ’ታ ሃገር። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ|ብዙሕ ፣ ቋንቋ]] gro5mjo6xto38gkjtp9j57mle1wnumb 0 2095 23814 22363 2022-08-07T07:02:56Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቋንቋ ውሑድ''' እቶም ብገለ ክፋላት ናይ’ቲ ህዝቢ ዚዝረቡ ቋንቋታት። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ|ውሑድ ፣ ቋንቋ]] gqle3jgihkr2mmtm0qx2cvstdzamm4l 0 2096 23812 22280 2022-08-07T07:02:17Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቋንቋ ኣደ''' ሰፊሕ ኣምር ኰይኑ፣ ኣውራ ግን እቲ/ቶም ኣብ ቤት ዚጽ ናዕ/ንዑ ቀዳማይ/ሞት ቋንቋ/ታት ማለት’ዩ። [[መደብ:ቋንቋ|ኣደ ፣ ቋንቋ]] idft3valdlxmgarzoyecxr0s4uskz63 4 2097 5259 2007-04-21T04:21:34Z Blake~tiwiki 77 [[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination]] moved to [[Wikipedia:ባዓል ብዙሕ ቋንቋ]]: Translation into Tigrinya wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:ባዓል ብዙሕ ቋንቋ]] 4qphfh99ctgpldi9l5l7r5l1zlkgsw6 4 2100 5415 5413 2007-06-10T04:39:31Z 58.178.193.100 Replacing page with 'This is all pages are under request on the Tigrinya Wikipedia. If you want to request a new page, this is the place to start. {{/list}}' wikitext text/x-wiki This is all pages are under request on the Tigrinya Wikipedia. If you want to request a new page, this is the place to start. {{/list}} r1rl0mpq8tyngp1ibs9h3cr6cazan5v 4 2118 24174 23997 2023-03-29T07:10:15Z Mtomg 6735 /* Requested pages (over about 2000 requests) */ wikitext text/x-wiki ==Requested pages (over about 2000 requests)== #[[ሪሶል]]<br/> #[[ዓረብያ-ስንኩላን]]<br/> #[[ሓምሊ-ሽጕርቲ]]<br/> #[[ተሓዚ ገንዘብ]]<br/> #[[ዕንባባ ኣመሪካ]]<br/> #[[ቀለቤት-ኬክ]]<br/> #[[ቪ-ክሳድ]]<br/> #[[ድሩዕ-ጃኬት]]<br/> #[[ሓሙ]]<br/> #[[ሓው]]<br/> #[[መርዓ]]<br/> #[[መርዓት]]<br/> #[[መርዓዊ]]<br/> #[[መርዓውቲ]]<br/> #[[ማማ]]<br/> #[[ስድራ]]<br/> #[[ቃልኪዳን]]<br/> #[[ንዕልቲ]]<br/> #[[ሳምቡእ]]<br/> #[[ሓኪም]]<br/> #[[ሓዊ]]<br/> #[[ሓደጋ]]<br/> #[[ሕሙም]]<br/> #[[መርመራ]]<br/> #[[መድሃኒት]]<br/> #[[መጥባሕቲ]]<br/> #[[ራጂ]]<br/> #[[ሰፍሳፊት]]<br/> #[[ስሪንጋ]]<br/> #[[ቃሬዛ]]<br/> #[[ቶሞግራፍ]]<br/> #[[ችሮቶ]]<br/> #[[ነጥቢ]]<br/> #[[ኢንፊጅን]]<br/> #[[ኣንቡላንሳ]]<br/> #[[ኤስኦኤስ]]<br/> #[[እስቴቶስኮፕ]]<br/> #[[ከኒና]]<br/> #[[ወጌሳ]]<br/> #[[ውሽጣዊ]]<br/> #[[ዶክተር]]<br/> #[[ላህመት]]<br/> #[[ሎሊፖፕ]]<br/> #[[ሎብስተር]]<br/> #[[ሓምሊ]]<br/> #[[ሓብሓብ]]<br/> #[[መለንዛና]]<br/> #[[ማርጋሪን]]<br/> #[[ሞርታደላ]]<br/> #[[ራስበሪ]]<br/> #[[ራፓ]]<br/> #[[ርግኦ]]<br/> #[[ሰላጣ]]<br/> #[[ሰሰግ]]<br/> #[[ሴደኖ]]<br/> #[[ስትሮውበሪ]]<br/> #[[ስፒናቺ]]<br/> #[[ሻሞት]]<br/> #[[ሻርጣን]]<br/> #[[ሽጕርቲ]]<br/> #[[ቀይሱር]]<br/> #[[ቃንጥሻ]]<br/> #[[በከን]]<br/> #[[ብርጭቕ]]<br/> #[[ብሮኮሊ]]<br/> #[[ብሽኮቲ]]<br/> #[[ቱፋሕ]]<br/> #[[ችኮላታ]]<br/> #[[ናርገ]]<br/> #[[ኣቮካዶ]]<br/> #[[ኣናናስ]]<br/> #[[እንቋቝሖ]]<br/> #[[ኦይስተር]]<br/> #[[ከረሜላ]]<br/> #[[ኪዊ]]<br/> #[[ካረሜላ]]<br/> #[[ካራሜላ]]<br/> #[[ካሮቲ]]<br/> #[[ኲከምበር]]<br/> #[[ወይኒ]]<br/> #[[ዋፍል]]<br/> #[[ዓሚል]]<br/> #[[ዓሳ]]<br/> #[[ዙኪኒ]]<br/> #[[ድንሽ]]<br/> #[[ድኳን]]<br/> #[[ጀላቶ]]<br/> #[[ጸባ]]<br/> #[[ፉል]]<br/> #[[ፍላውንደር]]<br/> #[[ፍጅል]]<br/> #[[ፐረ]]<br/> #[[ፐርሰመሎ]]<br/> #[[ፖልፐቲ]]<br/> #[[ሓርጭ]]<br/> #[[መረቕ]]<br/> #[[መስተ]]<br/> #[[መቐስ]]<br/> #[[መንቆርቆር]]<br/> #[[መኾሲ]]<br/> #[[መዝቆቒ]]<br/> #[[መጕድእ]]<br/> #[[ማርሜላታ]]<br/> #[[ማካሮኒ]]<br/> #[[ሩዝ]]<br/> #[[ሰናፍጭ]]<br/> #[[ሳንጣ]]<br/> #[[ስብሒ]]<br/> #[[ስፓጌቲ]]<br/> #[[ሹከር]]<br/> #[[ቀመም]]<br/> #[[በርበረ]]<br/> #[[ቡሽ]]<br/> #[[ቡን]]<br/> #[[ቢራ]]<br/> #[[ተርሙስ]]<br/> #[[ነቢት]]<br/> #[[ኣቸቶ]]<br/> #[[ከችኣፕ]]<br/> #[[ካራ]]<br/> #[[ካካዎ]]<br/> #[[ዘይቲ]]<br/> #[[ድኳን]]<br/> #[[ጎዞሞ]]<br/> #[[ጽምዋቕ]]<br/> #[[መሽፈኒ]]<br/> #[[መቕሎ]]<br/> #[[መቕረዝ]]<br/> #[[መኽደኒ]]<br/> #[[መጥበሲ]]<br/> #[[ምሳሕ]]<br/> #[[ምስንካት]]<br/> #[[ምኽሻን]]<br/> #[[ምጥባስ]]<br/> #[[ርግኦ]]<br/> #[[ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ቁርሲ]]<br/> #[[በራድ]]<br/> #[[ቡን]]<br/> #[[ቢሑቕ]]<br/> #[[ቢስቴካ]]<br/> #[[ብሽኮቲ]]<br/> #[[ተርሙስ]]<br/> #[[ቱፋሕ]]<br/> #[[እንቋቝሖ]]<br/> #[[ከባብ]]<br/> #[[ድራር]]<br/> #[[ድንሽ]]<br/> #[[ግዓት]]<br/> #[[ጣሳ]]<br/> #[[ጥዓሞት]]<br/> #[[መልጎም]]<br/> #[[ሰንደል]]<br/> #[[ሰደሪያ]]<br/> #[[ስረ]]<br/> #[[ቀሚሽ]]<br/> #[[ቅርቃብ]]<br/> #[[ቆቢዕ]]<br/> #[[ብራቴለ]]<br/> #[[እጅገ]]<br/> #[[ካልሲ]]<br/> #[[ካሚቻ]]<br/> #[[ካናቴራ]]<br/> #[[ክራቫታ]]<br/> #[[ኳሌታ]]<br/> #[[ጁባ]]<br/> #[[ጃኬት]]<br/> #[[ጎና]]<br/> #[[ጨዳድ]]<br/> #[[ጂንስ]]<br/> #[[ጽሩራ]]<br/> #[[ኮሪዶዮ]]<br/> #[[ዕረፍቲ]]<br/> #[[ዩኒቨርሲቲ]]<br/> #[[ግንቦት]]<br/> #[[ማሕደረ-እንቛቑሖ]]<br/> #[[ኣፈ-መዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ቤት-መደቀሲ]]<br/> #[[ሲዲ-ሪኮርክደር]]<br/> #[[ቅጺ-መጽሓፍ]]<br/> #[[ቴብ-ራዲዮ]]<br/> #[[ፒንግ-ፖንግ]]<br/> #[[ሮ-ዓጋዜን]]<br/> #[[ሓማት]]<br/> #[[ሓትኖ]]<br/> #[[ሓወቦ]]<br/> #[[ኣሞ]]<br/> #[[ኣቦ]]<br/> #[[ኣቦሓጎ]]<br/> #[[ኣኮ]]<br/> #[[ኣደ]]<br/> #[[ወለዶ]]<br/> #[[ወላዲ]]<br/> #[[ወዲ]]<br/> #[[ዘመድ]]<br/> #[[ጓል]]<br/> #[[ሕንብርቲ]]<br/> #[[መልሓስ]]<br/> #[[መሓግሓጋ]]<br/> #[[መመልከቲቶ]]<br/> #[[መትልሕ]]<br/> #[[መንከስ]]<br/> #[[ማእከሌቶ]]<br/> #[[ምሕኵልቲ]]<br/> #[[ምንጋጋ]]<br/> #[[ምዕጕርቲ]]<br/> #[[ርእሲ]]<br/> #[[ሰለፍ]]<br/> #[[ሰበይቲ]]<br/> #[[ሰብ]]<br/> #[[ሰብነት]]<br/> #[[ሰብኣይ]]<br/> #[[ስኒ]]<br/> #[[ሸነብ]]<br/> #[[ሽምጢ]]<br/> #[[ቀለቤቶ]]<br/> #[[ቅርቅርቲ]]<br/> #[[ቆርበት]]<br/> #[[ብርኪ]]<br/> #[[ትሽትሽ]]<br/> #[[ትንሓግ]]<br/> #[[ናጽላ]]<br/> #[[ንብዓት]]<br/> #[[ኢድ]]<br/> #[[ኣጻብዕ]]<br/> #[[እዝኒ]]<br/> #[[እግሪ]]<br/> #[[ከብዲ]]<br/> #[[ኩርምቲ]]<br/> #[[ኩርኹረ]]<br/> #[[ክሳድ]]<br/> #[[ወተግ]]<br/> #[[ውሻጠብርኪ]]<br/> #[[ዓንቀር]]<br/> #[[ዓይኒ]]<br/> #[[ዘፈር]]<br/> #[[ጅማት]]<br/> #[[ግርጻን]]<br/> #[[ግናዕ]]<br/> #[[ግንባር]]<br/> #[[ጎሮሮ]]<br/> #[[ጥንሲ]]<br/> #[[ጭሕሚ]]<br/> #[[ጸጒሪ]]<br/> #[[ጽፍሪ]]<br/> #[[ልቢ]]<br/> #[[ሓሞት]]<br/> #[[ሓውነት]]<br/> #[[ሕልቅሚት]]<br/> #[[መሓግሓጋ]]<br/> #[[መዓናጡ]]<br/> #[[ማሕጸን]]<br/> #[[ምሕኵልቲ]]<br/> #[[ምንጋጋ]]<br/> #[[ምዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ሻሕለለ]]<br/> #[[ቁልጠ]]<br/> #[[ቁስሊ]]<br/> #[[ቅንጢር]]<br/> #[[በረዀዳ]]<br/> #[[ኣኦርታ]]<br/> #[[ኩሊት]]<br/> #[[ደም]]<br/> #[[ጉሕጓሕ]]<br/> #[[ጎሎ]]<br/> #[[ጭዋዳ]]<br/> #[[ፍሕኛ]]<br/> #[[ሃልሃልታ]]<br/> #[[ፖሊስ]]<br/> #[[ሰጋ]]<br/> #[[ጥርሙዝ]]<br/> #[[ጨው]]<br/> #[[ጭልፋ]]<br/> #[[መወልዒ]]<br/> #[[ፒጃማ]]<br/> #[[መጋረጃ]]<br/> #[[ምንጻፍ]]<br/> #[[ሳሎን]]<br/> #[[ስእሊ]]<br/> #[[ሽምዓ]]<br/> #[[ተለቪዥን]]<br/> #[[ተመዛዚ]]<br/> #[[ፍርናሽ]]<br/> #[[ፋስ]]<br/> #[[ኣድራሻ]]<br/> #[[መስሓቒ]]<br/> #[[መቖጻጸሪ]]<br/> #[[መበሊት]]<br/> #[[መንሹር]]<br/> #[[መንኮሊት]]<br/> #[[መደምሰሲ]]<br/> #[[መጽሓፍ]]<br/> #[[መጽሔት]]<br/> #[[ራዲዮ]]<br/> #[[ርሳስ]]<br/> #[[ሲዲ]]<br/> #[[ስካነር]]<br/> #[[ሸሪጥ]]<br/> #[[ቁጽሪ]]<br/> #[[ኣልማናክ]]<br/> #[[ኣርእስቲ]]<br/> #[[ኮምፒተር]]<br/> #[[ኮምፕዩተር]]<br/> #[[ወረቐት]]<br/> #[[ዓንቀጽ]]<br/> #[[ደረት]]<br/> #[[ገጽ]]<br/> #[[ጋዜጣ]]<br/> #[[ፊልም]]<br/> #[[ፊደል]]<br/> #[[ራስበሪ]]<br/> #[[ሱር]]<br/> #[[ሳለው]]<br/> #[[ቀቐብ]]<br/> #[[ቆጽሊ]]<br/> #[[ቈጥቋጥ]]<br/> #[[በርቁቕ]]<br/> #[[ቢርች]]<br/> #[[ቢች]]<br/> #[[ብሉበሪ]]<br/> #[[ተርሚን]]<br/> #[[ተኽሊ]]<br/> #[[ቱፋሕ]]<br/> #[[ቸሪ]]<br/> #[[አልም]]<br/> #[[ኣልደር]]<br/> #[[ኣስፐን]]<br/> #[[ካውበሪ]]<br/> #[[ክሎድበሪ]]<br/> #[[ክሽምሽ]]<br/> #[[ዘይበጽሐ]]<br/> #[[ጉርማጽ]]<br/> #[[ጨንፈር]]<br/> #[[ጽሕዲ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ]]<br/> #[[ፐረ]]<br/> #[[ፐዮኒ]]<br/> #[[ፕላይስ]]<br/> #[[ሓሽራ]]<br/> #[[መንከሲ]]<br/> #[[መንካዕ]]<br/> #[[መጥበዊ]]<br/> #[[ሚተ]]<br/> #[[ሚንክ]]<br/> #[[ማንቲለ]]<br/> #[[ምጹ]]<br/> #[[ምጹጹላይ]]<br/> #[[ሳላማንደር]]<br/> #[[ሳሬት]]<br/> #[[ቀርኒ]]<br/> #[[ቁማል]]<br/> #[[ቁንጪ]]<br/> #[[ቅንፍዝ]]<br/> #[[ቍርዖብ]]<br/> #[[ቍርዲድ]]<br/> #[[ቢቨር]]<br/> #[[ባጀር]]<br/> #[[ተመን]]<br/> #[[ተኹላ]]<br/> #[[ንህቢ]]<br/> #[[ኣረን]]<br/> #[[ኣንበጣ]]<br/> #[[ኣንጭዋ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍንጫ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍዑት]]<br/> #[[እንስሳ]]<br/> #[[ወኻርያ]]<br/> #[[ውዕላ]]<br/> #[[ዓጋዜን]]<br/> #[[ዕኮት]]<br/> #[[ዛዕጎል]]<br/> #[[ዲኖ]]<br/> #[[ድቢ]]<br/> #[[ጎንደራ]]<br/> #[[ሕንጻይ]]<br/> #[[መስአ]]<br/> #[[መሸንቶ]]<br/> #[[መትኮብ]]<br/> #[[መንቆርቆር]]<br/> #[[መገፈጢ]]<br/> #[[ማሕስእ]]<br/> #[[ማዕጺድ]]<br/> #[[ምራኽ]]<br/> #[[ሸኾና]]<br/> #[[ቀርኒ]]<br/> #[[በጊዕ]]<br/> #[[ባዝራ]]<br/> #[[ባዴላ]]<br/> #[[ተኽሊ]]<br/> #[[እንስሳ]]<br/> #[[ከልቢ]]<br/> #[[ኩርኩር]]<br/> #[[ኩኩናይ]]<br/> #[[ወጠጦ]]<br/> #[[ዓረብያ]]<br/> #[[ዓዓ]]<br/> #[[ኦ.ሀ.ም ]]<br/> #[[ሚ.ሚ ]]<br/> #[[ሰ.ሜ ]]<br/> #[[ኪ.ዋት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ 10 ክሮነር ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[ሆስፒታል ቤት-ሕክምና]]<br/> #[[ነርስ ኣላይ-ሕሙማት]]<br/> #[[ሰማያዊ ተምሪ-ባሕሪ]]<br/> #[[ሶሰጅ ሆት-ዶግ]]<br/> #[[ሶሰጅ ሆት-ዶግ]]<br/> #[[ኮምብላሴኒ ቤዛ-ክዳን]]<br/> #[[ስነ-ስርዓት መርዓ]]<br/> #[[መላጸ-ወጌሳ መጥብሒ]]<br/> #[[ጉዕ-በርበረ ፐፕሮኒ]]<br/> #[[ስረ-ውሽጢ ሙታንታ]]<br/> #[[ሰብ ሓዳር]]<br/> #[[ሰብኣይ ኣደ]]<br/> #[[ሰብኣይ ጓል]]<br/> #[[ቃልኪዳን መርዓ]]<br/> #[[ብዓልቲ ሓዳር]]<br/> #[[ኣሕዋት አሓት]]<br/> #[[ህዝባዊ ተለፎን]]<br/> #[[ሓበሬታ ሕሙም]]<br/> #[[ሓደጋ ማኪና]]<br/> #[[ሓደጋ ተሽከርከርቲ]]<br/> #[[ሓጋዚ ሕሙማት]]<br/> #[[ሓጋዝ እዝኒ]]<br/> #[[መርመራ ቶሞግራፍ]]<br/> #[[መብራህቲ ሓደጋ]]<br/> #[[መኣዘዚ መድሓኒት]]<br/> #[[መድሃኒት ፈውሲ]]<br/> #[[መጀነኒ ፋሻ]]<br/> #[[ማኪና ፖሊስ]]<br/> #[[ምርኩስ ቂራጻት]]<br/> #[[ሰነድ ሕሙም]]<br/> #[[ሰፍሳፊት ማኪና]]<br/> #[[በትሪ ዘንጊ]]<br/> #[[ባሬታ ባዞ]]<br/> #[[ክረይን ሰፍሳፊት]]<br/> #[[ክሬን ስፍሳፊት]]<br/> #[[ወረጦ መቐርቀር]]<br/> #[[ወካሊ ሽንቲ]]<br/> #[[ወጌሳዊ ሳይንስ]]<br/> #[[ዓራት ሕሙም]]<br/> #[[ደጋዊ ግዳማዊ]]<br/> #[[ጎጆ ቴለፎን]]<br/> #[[ፋሻ መሸፈኒ]]<br/> #[[መባኹዕቲ ሌቪቶ]]<br/> #[[መጺጽ ላህመት]]<br/> #[[ምግቢ እንጌራ]]<br/> #[[ስጋ ሓሰማ]]<br/> #[[ሽሪምፕ ጋምቤሪ]]<br/> #[[ሽጒርቲ ጻዕዳ]]<br/> #[[ባኒ ሕብስቲ]]<br/> #[[ባንኮ ሰደቓ]]<br/> #[[ብርቱዃን ኣራንቺ]]<br/> #[[ንቑጽ ባኒ]]<br/> #[[ኣሕምልቲ ሰራውር]]<br/> #[[ከቢብ ሕንባሻ]]<br/> #[[ከቢብ ጀላቶ]]<br/> #[[ካውሎ ፊዮሪ]]<br/> #[[ዝደረቐ ድንሽ]]<br/> #[[ድሩዕ ዓሳ]]<br/> #[[ድኳን ሹቕ]]<br/> #[[ጅብና ፎርማጆ]]<br/> #[[ጠስሚ ልኻይ]]<br/> #[[ጥሑን ስጋ]]<br/> #[[ጫቝት ደርሆ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ ሲትሩስ]]<br/> #[[ሆት ዶግ]]<br/> #[[ሊትሮ ምዓቀኒ]]<br/> #[[ልስሉስ መስተ]]<br/> #[[መርኽፈቲ ታንካ]]<br/> #[[መስጠጢ ቢሑቕ]]<br/> #[[መስፈሪ ሊትሮ]]<br/> #[[መኽፈቲ ታኒካ]]<br/> #[[መኽፈቲ ጥርሙዝ]]<br/> #[[መኽፈት ጥርሙስ]]<br/> #[[መወተፊ ጥርሙዝ]]<br/> #[[መውቅዒ እንቋቑሖ]]<br/> #[[መውጽኢ ቡሽ]]<br/> #[[መዝቆቒ ሻሂ]]<br/> #[[መጥበሲ ፋርኬታ]]<br/> #[[ሚዛን ደብዳቤታት]]<br/> #[[ማርካ ምልክት]]<br/> #[[ማይ ጋዝ]]<br/> #[[ምዝቆቒ መንፊት]]<br/> #[[ምግቢ እንጌራ]]<br/> #[[ሳንጣ ፈስታል]]<br/> #[[ሻሂ ቀጠፍ]]<br/> #[[ሾርባ ኮሚደረ]]<br/> #[[ቡሽ ቢኬሪ]]<br/> #[[ብሮካ ጆግ]]<br/> #[[ብያቲ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ታኒካ ቆርቆሮ]]<br/> #[[ታኒካ ጎረወኛ]]<br/> #[[አቑሑት ክሽነ]]<br/> #[[ኣቑሑ መብልዒ]]<br/> #[[ክሳድ ጥርሙዝ]]<br/> #[[ኮርን ፍሌክስ]]<br/> #[[ዓሚቚ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ዘይቲ ብልዒ]]<br/> #[[ድኹም ሽኮር]]<br/> #[[ጽምዋቕ ዓሲር]]<br/> #[[መልወሲ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[መሰንከቲ ፎርማ]]<br/> #[[መቕለዊ ባዴላ]]<br/> #[[መትሓዚ ድስቲ]]<br/> #[[መንጻፍ ተንኮበት]]<br/> #[[ሙዝ ባናና]]<br/> #[[ማንካ ዓቢይ]]<br/> #[[ምንጻፍ ቢያቲ]]<br/> #[[ምፍላሕ ምብሳል]]<br/> #[[ሽኻል ከባብ]]<br/> #[[ቅልዋ እንቋቝሖ]]<br/> #[[ቡሽ ቢኬሪ]]<br/> #[[ባርበኲ ጥብሲ]]<br/> #[[ባኒ ሕብስቲ]]<br/> #[[ባዴላ መቕሎ]]<br/> #[[ብያቲ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ምድጃ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ፋርነሎ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ፎርኖ]]<br/> #[[እዋን ምምጋብ]]<br/> #[[ከቢብ ሕንባሻ]]<br/> #[[ኩርሲ ቆልዓ]]<br/> #[[ክዳን ጣውላ]]<br/> #[[ሓጺር ስረ]]<br/> #[[መላጉም መቖለፊ]]<br/> #[[መስቀሊ ክዳን]]<br/> #[[መስኮት ስረ]]<br/> #[[መዋጽኢ ሳእኒ]]<br/> #[[መደረብታ ክዳን]]<br/> #[[ረጂ ረጂቤቶ]]<br/> #[[ሰደርያ ጂለ]]<br/> #[[ሳእኒ ጫማ]]<br/> #[[ስረ ባኖ]]<br/> #[[ስራኽ መንጠልጠሊ]]<br/> #[[ቀሚሽ ውሽጢ]]<br/> #[[ቅጻል ኳሌታ]]<br/> #[[ቕናት መዕጠቒ]]<br/> #[[ቲሸርት ማልያ]]<br/> #[[ክዳውንቲ ኣልባስ]]<br/> #[[ኮምፕለቶ ባኖ]]<br/> #[[ውሽጢ ልብሲ]]<br/> #[[ጁባ ባኖ]]<br/> #[[ጃኬት ጁባ]]<br/> #[[ጎልፎ መረሃጫ]]<br/> #[[ጥላም ስራኽ]]<br/> #[[ጫፍ ካራ]]<br/> #[[ክፍሊ ደረጃ]]<br/> #[[ጫካ ]]<br/> #[[ወደ-ኣቦ ወደ-አደ]]<br/> #[[ጥንስቲ ነፍሰ-ጾር]]<br/> #[[መሳርዕ ግብረ-ስጋ]]<br/> #[[ቤት-መደቀሲ ]]<br/> #[[ስነ-ጥዕና ]]<br/> #[[መላጸ-መጋዝ ]]<br/> #[[ቤት-ትምህርቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሓውሲ-ደሴት ]]<br/> #[[መኻነ-መቓብር ]]<br/> #[[ቤተ-ክርስትያን ]]<br/> #[[ኣውራ-መንገዲ ]]<br/> #[[ዊጥ-ፈረኽ ]]<br/> #[[ጨንፋር-ቀርኒ ]]<br/> #[[ጭዃ-ኣንበሳ ]]<br/> #[[እንቋቍሖ-መሰል ]]<br/> #[[ደሲ-ሊትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ብል'ዕቲ መሸኒት]]<br/> #[[ሰይቲ ኣቦ]]<br/> #[[ኣሞ ሓትኖ]]<br/> #[[ኣቦ ባባ]]<br/> #[[ወዲ ሓው]]<br/> #[[ወዲ ወዲ]]<br/> #[[ወዲ ጓል]]<br/> #[[ዓባይ እኖሓጎ]]<br/> #[[ደቂ አሕዋት]]<br/> #[[ደቂ ኣቦ]]<br/> #[[ደቂ ደቂ]]<br/> #[[ጓል ሓውቲ]]<br/> #[[ጓል ወዲ]]<br/> #[[ጽምዲ መርዓውቲ]]<br/> #[[ላዕላይ ምንጋጋ]]<br/> #[[ሕቖ ዝባን]]<br/> #[[ሕንጥል ሕንጥሊት]]<br/> #[[መላግቦ ዓንካሪቶ]]<br/> #[[መርዓት ዓይኒ]]<br/> #[[መስኮት ኣፍንጫ]]<br/> #[[መቐመጫ መዓኮር]]<br/> #[[መንኩብ እንግድዓ]]<br/> #[[መዓንጣ ሽምጢ]]<br/> #[[መዓኮር መቐመጫ]]<br/> #[[ምቃል ጸጉሪ]]<br/> #[[ምቃል ጸጕሪ]]<br/> #[[ሱር ስኒ]]<br/> #[[ሱር ጎሮሮ]]<br/> #[[ሸፋሽፍቲ ዓይኒ]]<br/> #[[ሽራጥ ዘፈር]]<br/> #[[ቀለቤት እዝኒ]]<br/> #[[ቆልዓ ሕጻን]]<br/> #[[ቖልዓ ሕጻን]]<br/> #[[ታሕታይ ምንጋጋ]]<br/> #[[ኢድ ቅልጽም]]<br/> #[[እግሪ ዳንጋ]]<br/> #[[ከበሮ ዓይኒ]]<br/> #[[ከንፈር ሸንፈት]]<br/> #[[ኩርምቲ ሓይሊ]]<br/> #[[ኩርናዕ ኢድ]]<br/> #[[ኩርናዕ ዓይኒ]]<br/> #[[ዓባይ ዓባይቶ]]<br/> #[[ዓንካር ዓንካሪቶ]]<br/> #[[ዓንዲ ኣካል]]<br/> #[[ዓጽሚ ምዕጉርቲ]]<br/> #[[ደርጊ ስኒ]]<br/> #[[ጉንቦ ኢድ]]<br/> #[[ጓንጓ ኣፍ]]<br/> #[[ጫፍ ኣጻብዕ]]<br/> #[[ጸጒሪ ዓይኒ]]<br/> #[[ፈርሲ ዳንጋ]]<br/> #[[ሓምሓም ርእሲ]]<br/> #[[ሓንጎል ኣእምሮ]]<br/> #[[መላገቦ ምሕኵልቲ]]<br/> #[[መላግቦ ብርኪ]]<br/> #[[መላግቦ ኣካል]]<br/> #[[መላግቦ ዓንካሪቶ]]<br/> #[[መሳርዕ ሽንቲ]]<br/> #[[መሸኒ መትሎ]]<br/> #[[መተንፈሲ ኣካል]]<br/> #[[መትረብ ሽንቲ]]<br/> #[[ርእሲ መትሎ]]<br/> #[[ሱር ደም]]<br/> #[[ሻምብቆ ሽግሪ]]<br/> #[[ሻምብቖ ሽንቲ]]<br/> #[[ሻምብቖ እንቛቕሖ]]<br/> #[[ሽፋን ሳምቡእ]]<br/> #[[ቃራየ ጉርጉማ]]<br/> #[[ቖፎ ኣፍልቢ]]<br/> #[[ነጥቢ ደም]]<br/> #[[ንእሽቶ መዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍደገ ማሕጸን]]<br/> #[[ከረጺት ፍረነብሲ]]<br/> #[[ክሳድ ማሕጸን]]<br/> #[[ክሳድ ማሕጽን]]<br/> #[[ዑደት ደም]]<br/> #[[ዓቢይ ምዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ዓብይ መዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ዓንዲ ሕቖ]]<br/> #[[ዓይኒ ብርኪ]]<br/> #[[ዓጽሚ መሰንገለ]]<br/> #[[ዓጽሚ ሰለፍ]]<br/> #[[ዓጽሚ በራቒቶ]]<br/> #[[ዓጽሚ ደረት]]<br/> #[[ዕዉር መዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ደም ሱር]]<br/> #[[ጉምቦ ኢድ]]<br/> #[[ጥብቆ መዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ጥብቆ ኣካል]]<br/> #[[ጭዋዳ ልቢ]]<br/> #[[ፍሕኛ ሽንቲ]]<br/> #[[ጠሓኒት በርበረ]]<br/> #[[ፋርኬታ መስአ]]<br/> #[[ቀለቤት መሓበሻ]]<br/> #[[ቅርጺ ፎርማ]]<br/> #[[ቢያቲ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ባዴላ ድስቲ]]<br/> #[[ጁባ ሕሽኩል]]<br/> #[[ጽምዲ መሰብሰቢ]]<br/> #[[ሸበጥ ]]<br/> #[[ሻርባ ]]<br/> #[[ቆቢዕ ]]<br/> #[[ቆብዕ ]]<br/> #[[ቡት ]]<br/> #[[ባልጃ ]]<br/> #[[ባምቡላ ]]<br/> #[[ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ካቦት ]]<br/> #[[ኵዑሶ ]]<br/> #[[ዊግ ]]<br/> #[[ዲኖ ]]<br/> #[[ጋማ ]]<br/> #[[ጓንቲ ]]<br/> #[[ጡጦ ]]<br/> #[[ጽላል ]]<br/> #[[መንደቕ ]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ ]]<br/> #[[መውጽኢ ]]<br/> #[[መፍሰል ]]<br/> #[[መፍትሕ ]]<br/> #[[ማዕጾ ]]<br/> #[[ሰገነት ]]<br/> #[[ሳዕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሸኻ ]]<br/> #[[ሽቓቕ ]]<br/> #[[ክሽነ ]]<br/> #[[ክፍሊ ]]<br/> #[[ኮንተይነይ ]]<br/> #[[ዋልድቢት ]]<br/> #[[ዔላ ]]<br/> #[[ደርቢ ]]<br/> #[[ገዛ ]]<br/> #[[ጋራጅ ]]<br/> #[[ጋብል ]]<br/> #[[መላጸ ]]<br/> #[[መመሸጥ ]]<br/> #[[መስትያት ]]<br/> #[[መወልዒ ]]<br/> #[[መፈንቶ ]]<br/> #[[ምንጻፍ ]]<br/> #[[ሳምና ]]<br/> #[[ሻምፑ ]]<br/> #[[ሽሓኒ ]]<br/> #[[ሽቓቕ ]]<br/> #[[ሽንቲ ]]<br/> #[[ብልቓጥ ]]<br/> #[[ታምፖን ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ]]<br/> #[[ካራ ]]<br/> #[[ክሽነ ]]<br/> #[[ዓፍራ ]]<br/> #[[ጐሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[መስትያት ]]<br/> #[[መቓን ]]<br/> #[[መቕረዝ ]]<br/> #[[መተርኣስ ]]<br/> #[[መዓቀኒ ]]<br/> #[[ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ክርቢት ]]<br/> #[[ኮሞዲኖ ]]<br/> #[[ዓራት ]]<br/> #[[ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ሉሕ ]]<br/> #[[ሓጺን ]]<br/> #[[መላጸዪ ]]<br/> #[[መስማር ]]<br/> #[[መስኒ ]]<br/> #[[መብረድ ]]<br/> #[[መንቀርቀር ]]<br/> #[[መጋዝ ]]<br/> #[[መጋጠሚ ]]<br/> #[[መጽረቢ ]]<br/> #[[ሞላ ]]<br/> #[[ርሺ ]]<br/> #[[በትሪ ]]<br/> #[[ቡሎኒ ]]<br/> #[[ካራ ]]<br/> #[[ዓንቃሪቦ ]]<br/> #[[ዕንጨይቲ ]]<br/> #[[ጉርማጽ ]]<br/> #[[ጉጤት ]]<br/> #[[መምህር ]]<br/> #[[መጽሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሌዳ ]]<br/> #[[ሰደቓ ]]<br/> #[[ተምሃራይ ]]<br/> #[[ጥራዝ ደብተር]]<br/> #[[መቐመጢ ]]<br/> #[[ማሕተም ]]<br/> #[[ሰደቓ ]]<br/> #[[ተቐባሊ ]]<br/> #[[ቴምብር ]]<br/> #[[ቸክ ]]<br/> #[[ዉሑስ መስትያት]]<br/> #[[ፕሪንተር ሓታሚት]]<br/> #[[መንሸራተቲት ]]<br/> #[[መንሻተቲት ]]<br/> #[[ማዕበል ]]<br/> #[[ስታድዩም ]]<br/> #[[ስፖርት ]]<br/> #[[ሸቶ ]]<br/> #[[ሻፎ ]]<br/> #[[ቡት ]]<br/> #[[ባድሚንተን ]]<br/> #[[ተዓዘብቲ ]]<br/> #[[ካሮሳ ]]<br/> #[[ኲናት ]]<br/> #[[ጋምባለ ]]<br/> #[[ጐያዪ ]]<br/> #[[ፑክ ]]<br/> #[[ሕርሻ ]]<br/> #[[መሬት ]]<br/> #[[መንገዲ ]]<br/> #[[መንጫዕጫዕታ ]]<br/> #[[ረግሓት ]]<br/> #[[ሩባ ]]<br/> #[[ራህያ ]]<br/> #[[ቀላይ ]]<br/> #[[ቈጥቋጥ ]]<br/> #[[ትኪ ]]<br/> #[[ኢንዱስትሪ ]]<br/> #[[ኣህጉር ]]<br/> #[[ኮረብታ ]]<br/> #[[ኮኾብ ]]<br/> #[[ወርሒ ]]<br/> #[[ዓለም ]]<br/> #[[ዓዲ ]]<br/> #[[ደሴት ]]<br/> #[[ግራት ]]<br/> #[[ጎቦ ]]<br/> #[[ጎደና ]]<br/> #[[ጽሓይ ]]<br/> #[[ፋብሪካ ]]<br/> #[[ፍዮርድ ]]<br/> #[[ፍጥረት ተፈጥሮ]]<br/> #[[ሃዘልናት ]]<br/> #[[ሀፓቲካ ]]<br/> #[[ሂያሲንት ]]<br/> #[[ሊላክ ]]<br/> #[[ማሪጎልድ ]]<br/> #[[ሮዶደንድሮን ]]<br/> #[[ሰበባ ]]<br/> #[[ሱር ]]<br/> #[[ሳዕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሹሻን ]]<br/> #[[ቃንጥሻ ]]<br/> #[[በጎኛ ]]<br/> #[[ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ተዀርባ ]]<br/> #[[ቱሊፕ ]]<br/> #[[ቱሲላጎ ]]<br/> #[[ኣምዐ ]]<br/> #[[ኣስተር ]]<br/> #[[ኣጕሚ ]]<br/> #[[እሾዅ ]]<br/> #[[እግሪምሂር ]]<br/> #[[ካርነሽን ]]<br/> #[[ክሎቨር ]]<br/> #[[ክሮኩስ ]]<br/> #[[ሀሪንግ ]]<br/> #[[ሃሊቡት ]]<br/> #[[ሃዶክ ]]<br/> #[[ሎብስተር ]]<br/> #[[ሮብራ ]]<br/> #[[ሰፋፊ ]]<br/> #[[ሲል ]]<br/> #[[ስዋን ]]<br/> #[[ስገምሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሻርጣን ]]<br/> #[[ተርን ]]<br/> #[[ትራውት ]]<br/> #[[ቻር ]]<br/> #[[ክረይን ]]<br/> #[[ክረይፊሽ ]]<br/> #[[ኮድ ]]<br/> #[[ዊትኒን ]]<br/> #[[ዊጥ ]]<br/> #[[ድርዒ ]]<br/> #[[ጉርናርድ ]]<br/> #[[ግረብ ]]<br/> #[[ጭራ ]]<br/> #[[ፈረኽ ]]<br/> #[[ፍላውንደር ]]<br/> #[[ለመምታ ]]<br/> #[[ለዃዂቶ ]]<br/> #[[ሊላ ]]<br/> #[[ላርክ ]]<br/> #[[መትኮብ ]]<br/> #[[ርግቢት ]]<br/> #[[ስታርሊንግ ]]<br/> #[[ቅርቅረ ]]<br/> #[[ቡልፊንች ]]<br/> #[[ቲት ]]<br/> #[[ቻፊንች ]]<br/> #[[ናይቲንጌል ]]<br/> #[[ንስሪ ]]<br/> #[[ኩኩ ]]<br/> #[[ክንቲት ]]<br/> #[[ኳዅ ]]<br/> #[[ዋሪ ]]<br/> #[[ድገ ]]<br/> #[[ጉንጓ ]]<br/> #[[ጽፍሪ ዓንቓሪቦ]]<br/> #[[ለሚን ]]<br/> #[[ጣምጡ ]]<br/> #[[ጣቝስታ ]]<br/> #[[ጭራ መላለስ]]<br/> #[[ጻጸ ]]<br/> #[[ጽንብላሊዕ ]]<br/> #[[ጽንጽያ ሃመማ]]<br/> #[[ላም ]]<br/> #[[ሓሰማ ]]<br/> #[[ደርሁ ]]<br/> #[[ደርሆ ]]<br/> #[[ዳቋ ]]<br/> #[[ድሙ ]]<br/> #[[ድዑል ]]<br/> #[[ጊሐ ]]<br/> #[[ጤል ]]<br/> #[[ፈረስ ]]<br/> #[[ፋስ ]]<br/> #[[ፍቱው እንስሳ]]<br/> #[[ላም ]]<br/> #[[ሕርሻ ]]<br/> #[[መደብ ]]<br/> #[[ሩባርብ ]]<br/> #[[ርየ ]]<br/> #[[ስርናይ ]]<br/> #[[ስገም ]]<br/> #[[ሸኻ ]]<br/> #[[ቅርኒብ ]]<br/> #[[ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ነግሒ ]]<br/> #[[ኣጃ ]]<br/> #[[ካሮቲ ]]<br/> #[[ካውሎ ]]<br/> #[[ዓረብያ ]]<br/> #[[ደምበ ]]<br/> #[[ደንበ ]]<br/> #[[ድንሽ ]]<br/> #[[ጀርዲን ]]<br/> #[[ግራት ]]<br/> #[[ፈረሰኛ ]]<br/> #[[ለካቲት ]]<br/> #[[ለይቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሓሙስ ]]<br/> #[[ሓምለ ]]<br/> #[[ሕዳር ]]<br/> #[[መስከረም ]]<br/> #[[መጋቢት ]]<br/> #[[ሚያዝያ ]]<br/> #[[ምሸት ]]<br/> #[[ምእሰረ ]]<br/> #[[ምዓልቲ ]]<br/> #[[ርብዒ ]]<br/> #[[ርብዓዊ ]]<br/> #[[ሮቡዕ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሉስ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሙን ]]<br/> #[[ሰነ ]]<br/> #[[ሰኑይ ]]<br/> #[[ሰንበት ]]<br/> #[[ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ቀውዒ ]]<br/> #[[ቀዳም ]]<br/> #[[ታሕሳስ ]]<br/> #[[ነሓሰ ]]<br/> #[[ኣልማናክ ]]<br/> #[[ክረምቲ ]]<br/> #[[ወቕቲ ]]<br/> #[[ወጋሕታ ]]<br/> #[[ዓመት ]]<br/> #[[ዓርቢ ]]<br/> #[[ዕለት ]]<br/> #[[ደቒቕ ]]<br/> #[[ጊዜ ]]<br/> #[[ጥሪ ]]<br/> #[[ጥቅምቲ ]]<br/> #[[ፍርቂ ስዓት]]<br/> #[[ሊትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ሕብሪ ]]<br/> #[[መስመር ]]<br/> #[[መወልዒ ]]<br/> #[[መውዓዪ ]]<br/> #[[ሙቐት ]]<br/> #[[ሚሊሜትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ሜትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ሰልሲዩስ ]]<br/> #[[ሰማያዊ ]]<br/> #[[ሰንጣቒት ]]<br/> #[[ሲሊንደር ]]<br/> #[[ስፍሓት ]]<br/> #[[ቀይሕ ]]<br/> #[[ቁመት ]]<br/> #[[ቡናዊ ]]<br/> #[[ብጫ ]]<br/> #[[ቮልት ]]<br/> #[[ኣምፐር ]]<br/> #[[ክርናዕ ]]<br/> #[[ዋት ]]<br/> #[[ዕምቈት ]]<br/> #[[ዙርያ ]]<br/> #[[ደርዘን ]]<br/> #[[ጸሊም ]]<br/> #[[ጻዕዳ ]]<br/> #[[ጽላት ]]<br/> #[[ምብራቕ ]]<br/> #[[ምዕራብ ]]<br/> #[[ሰማይ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሜን ]]<br/> #[[በረድ ]]<br/> #[[በርቂ ]]<br/> #[[ባሮሜተር ]]<br/> #[[ብሰሜን ]]<br/> #[[ብደቡብ ]]<br/> #[[ንፋስ ]]<br/> #[[ኮምፓስ ]]<br/> #[[ዝናብ ]]<br/> #[[ደቡብ ]]<br/> #[[ግመ ]]<br/> #[[ጽሓይ ]]<br/> #[[ደረጃ ]]<br/> #[[ኣየት ]]<br/> #[[ካልኢት ]]<br/> #[[ሓውቲ (ሓፍቲ)]]<br/> #[[ዓቃቢቶ (ዓቃብዓቃቢቶ)]]<br/> #[[ኣስከሬን (ዓስከሬን)]]<br/> #[[ዓካሪቶ (ዓንካርዓንካሪቶ)]]<br/> #[[ማውስ (ኣንጭዋ)]]<br/> #[[ፍራሲኖ (ጥልያን)]]<br/> #[[ተመን (ሳዕሪ)]]<br/> #[[ኣፍ (እንስሳ)]]<br/> #[[ዕንዝራ (ንህቢ)]]<br/> #[[ኣፍ (እንስሳ)]]<br/> #[[ሰበይቲ (ሰይቲ) ወዲ]]<br/> #[[ዕንጨይቲ (ዓንዲ) ገመል ]]<br/> #[[ዓካሪቶ (ዓንካር ዓንካሪቶ)]]<br/> #[[ቢንሳ (ዓንነት ጉጤት) ]]<br/> #[[መተንፈሲ (ናይ ዓሳ) ]]<br/> #[[ጎብየ (ኣባ ጎብየ) ]]<br/> #[[ቅብኣት ቦማታ ዝልከይ-መድሃኒት]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጓል-ኣንስተይቲ ካሚቻ]]<br/> #[[ቭ-ዝቕርጺ ክፍተት ክሳድ]]<br/> #[[ሓሙት ዘማ ሓኖ]]<br/> #[[ሰበይቲ ብዓልቲ ቤት]]<br/> #[[በዓል ቤት ሰብኣይ]]<br/> #[[ኣሕሙ እንዳ ኣሕሙ]]<br/> #[[መስበርቲ መንቓዕቲ ዓጽሚ]]<br/> #[[መነጸር ኦኪያለ ዳቪስታ]]<br/> #[[መጥፊኢት ሓዊ ቢንቦሪ]]<br/> #[[ማስኬራ መኸወሊ ገጽ]]<br/> #[[ማፋ ማይ ቡንባ]]<br/> #[[ተርሞመተር መዐቀን ረስኒ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ራጂ ስእሊ]]<br/> #[[እንዳ ሓኪም ሆስፒታል]]<br/> #[[ክፍሊ ቀዳማይ ረዲኤት]]<br/> #[[ፋርማሲ ቤት መድሃኒት]]<br/> #[[ፋሻ መሓከሚ ሻሽ]]<br/> #[[ምግቢ ዝሽየጠሉ ድኳን]]<br/> #[[ቋንጣ ስጋ ሓሰማ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓምሊ ባንኮ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ችኮላታ ቀጸላ]]<br/> #[[ካረሜላ ሽኮራዊ ምግቢ]]<br/> #[[ኮሚደረ ጸብሒ ኣቡን]]<br/> #[[ዙኪኒ ዱባ ከተማ]]<br/> #[[ሒላብ ዓሚቝ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ሓኽሊ ልዓት ኢድ]]<br/> #[[ሕውስዋስ ቁርሲ ሲርያል]]<br/> #[[መምተሪ መቐርደዲ ጣውላ]]<br/> #[[መምጸዩ መምጠጢ ሻምብቖ]]<br/> #[[መቐርደዲ ዘገልግል ጣውላ]]<br/> #[[መቑረጺ ባኒ ጣውላ]]<br/> #[[መኽደን መወተፊ ጠርሙዝ]]<br/> #[[መኽፈቲ ጥርሙዝ ነቢት]]<br/> #[[መጽለዊ ባኒ ቶስተር]]<br/> #[[ምግቢ መቐረቢ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ሽሓኒ መብልዒ መማቕርቲ]]<br/> #[[ትርብዒት ግማዕ ሹኮር]]<br/> #[[ናይ መኣዲ ካራ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሰዓዕ ግዓት]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሾርባ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሾርባ ቢያቲ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባኒ ካራ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ነቢት ቢኬሪ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ነቢት ጥርሙዝ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኣሕምልቲ ካራ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ ማሽናት]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ ወረቐት]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኮሚደረ ሹርባ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ወረቐት ሳንጣ]]<br/> #[[ኩባያ ጣሳ ፊንጃል]]<br/> #[[ዓቢይ ኩባያ ዋንጫ]]<br/> #[[ድራር መብልዒ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ጉንዲ ዓንዲ እግሪ]]<br/> #[[ጽምዋቕ ዝሓዘ ብሮካ]]<br/> #[[መለዘይ ሰደርያ ቆልዓ]]<br/> #[[መወልወል ኣፍ መሓበሻ]]<br/> #[[ቁራዕ ጻሕሊ ድስቲ]]<br/> #[[ቢያቲ መዛዘሚ ምግቢ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መኸሸኒ ተርሞመተር]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስጋ ቴርሞመተር]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሻሂ በራድ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቆልዓ ኩባያ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ትምህርቲ ባኒ]]<br/> #[[ናይ እንቋቝሖ ኩባያ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ ሹጎማኖ]]<br/> #[[ኢድ ልዓት መስሓቢ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ማይክሮ ወይቭ]]<br/> #[[ድራር መብልዒ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ድስቲ ቁራዕ ጻሕሊ]]<br/> #[[ጉንዲ ዓንዲ እግሪ]]<br/> #[[መእሰሪ ስራኽ መቖለፊ]]<br/> #[[ሙታንታ ስረ ውሽጢ]]<br/> #[[ስራኽ መትሓዚ ጡብ]]<br/> #[[ተመጣጢ ስረ ታይት]]<br/> #[[ነዊሕ ክሳዱ ጎልፎ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መንኩብ ስራኽ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ካምቻ ኳሌታ]]<br/> #[[ኩፉት ተለጓሚ ጎልፎ]]<br/> #[[ጁባ ጃካ ጃኬት]]<br/> #[[ግርምቢያለ በጃ ክዳን]]<br/> #[[ተዓጻፊ ሰደቓ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መብራህቲ ጽላሎት]]<br/> #[[ናይ መንደቕ መብራህቲ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ምጽሓፍ ልምምድ]]<br/> #[[ጤረር ጥርዚ ]]<br/> #[[ቃጭል ደወል ]]<br/> #[[መንፈቕ ፍርቂ ዓመት]]<br/> #[[መደቀሲ ቤት-መደቀሲ ]]<br/> #[[ሽቓቕ ዓይኒ-ምድሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሽቓቕ ዓይኒ-ምድሪ ]]<br/> #[[መደቀሲ ቤት-መደቀሲ ]]<br/> #[[አቑሑ ቤት-መደቐሲ ]]<br/> #[[ዕንጭይቲ ዓንዲ-ገመድ ]]<br/> #[[ገመል ዓንደ-ገመል ]]<br/> #[[ሓፈሻዊ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ክፍሊ]]<br/> #[[ኵዕሶ ፒንግ-ፖንግ ]]<br/> #[[መቓብር መኻነ-መቓብር ]]<br/> #[[ድቢ ዋልታ-ምድረ ]]<br/> #[[ብዓል ቀዳመ-ሰንበት ]]<br/> #[[ትሕቲ-ቤታዊ መኽዘን ]]<br/> #[[ዓይኒ-ድሪ ሽቓቕ ]]<br/> #[[ዓይኒ-ድሪ ሽቓቕ ]]<br/> #[[ንድፈ-ሓሳብ መደኮኒ ]]<br/> #[[ጸፍሒ-ምርኢት ስክሪን ]]<br/> #[[ዓጋዜን-በረድ ረይንዲር ]]<br/> #[[ኣርሓ-ፈረስ ጅንጉላ ]]<br/> #[[ኣኮ ወይ ሓወቦ]]<br/> #[[ክዳን መርዓት ቨሎ]]<br/> #[[ሕንጥል ሕንጥሊት እግሪ]]<br/> #[[ማእከሌቶ ማእከላይ ኢድ]]<br/> #[[ሽምጢ መዓጥቖ ምዓንጣ]]<br/> #[[ቃንጃ ጅማት ኵርኹረ]]<br/> #[[ናጽላ ዕሽል ሕጻን]]<br/> #[[ከብዲ ኣምዑት ከስዐ]]<br/> #[[ዓባይ ዓባይቶ እግሪ]]<br/> #[[መላግቦ ኩርናዕ ኢድ]]<br/> #[[መቕረን መላግቦ ምሓውር]]<br/> #[[ኣርተሪ መትረብ ደም]]<br/> #[[ኣንጉዕ ዓንዲ ሕቖ]]<br/> #[[ከስዐ ከብዲ]]<br/> #[[ገረንገራ ዓንዲ ሕቖ]]<br/> #[[ክፍሊ መጥፋእቲ ሓዊ]]<br/> #[[ጥርሙዝ መነስነሲ በርበር]]<br/> #[[ጻሕሊ ስልጣንያ ድስቲ]]<br/> #[[ሓጺር ስረ ]]<br/> #[[መሕንበሲ ሙታንታ ]]<br/> #[[መሕንበሲ ረጂ ]]<br/> #[[መትሓዚ ጸጕሪ ]]<br/> #[[መንዲል መጎልበቢ ]]<br/> #[[መንጠልጠሊ ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[መደረብታ ክዳን ]]<br/> #[[መጻወቲ ኣቑሑት ]]<br/> #[[መጻወቲት ማኪና ]]<br/> #[[ሽልማት ጌጽ ]]<br/> #[[ቀለቤት ካትም ]]<br/> #[[ቆቢዕ ባርኔጣ ]]<br/> #[[በናጅር ብራሰለት ]]<br/> #[[ቡት ስቲቫሎኒ ]]<br/> #[[ቤዛ ክዳን ]]<br/> #[[ኩርኹር ታኮ ]]<br/> #[[ዕጥቂ ምሓንበሲ ]]<br/> #[[ጁባ ሕሽኩል ]]<br/> #[[ጫማ ሶላ ታኮ]]<br/> #[[ጽላል ቆቢዕ ]]<br/> #[[ሓጹር መካበቢያ ]]<br/> #[[መሕጸቢ ገጽ ]]<br/> #[[መስኮት ፊኒስትራ ]]<br/> #[[መሽረብ ማይ ]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ ማካይን ]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ ኮሪዶር ]]<br/> #[[መኽደኒ ሽቓቕ ]]<br/> #[[ማዕጾ ካንቸሎ ]]<br/> #[[ርሻናት ገዛውቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሳጹን ቡስጣ ]]<br/> #[[ቨራንዳ ዘሪባ ]]<br/> #[[ተንዳ ድንኳን ]]<br/> #[[ነዊሕ ርሻን ]]<br/> #[[ናሕሲ ሰንቀ ]]<br/> #[[እምኒ ናሕሲ ]]<br/> #[[እምኒ ደንጎላ ]]<br/> #[[ዓይኒ ምድሪ ]]<br/> #[[ደወል ካምፓነላ ]]<br/> #[[ገዛ ቤት ]]<br/> #[[ጥርዚ ናሕሲ ]]<br/> #[[ጥስቲ ሽሓኒ ቫስካ]]<br/> #[[ልዳት መስኮት ]]<br/> #[[ሓጻቢት ኣቑሑት ]]<br/> #[[መላጸዪ ጭሕሚ ]]<br/> #[[መላጸይት ማሽን ]]<br/> #[[መሕጸቢ ስኒ ]]<br/> #[[መሕጸቢ ገጽ ]]<br/> #[[መሞቒ ገዛ ]]<br/> #[[መሽረፈት ርውሓት ]]<br/> #[[መብረዲ ሳጹን ]]<br/> #[[መትረብ ርስሓት ]]<br/> #[[መንጠልጠሊ ሽኻል ]]<br/> #[[መንጠልጠሊ ሽጎማኖ ]]<br/> #[[መንፈሲ ሽታ ]]<br/> #[[መኽደኒ ሽቓቕ ]]<br/> #[[መወልዒ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[መዝፈፊ ኣቑሑት ]]<br/> #[[ሳጹን በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ቡሽ ቢኬሪ ]]<br/> #[[ቢያቲ ሽሓኒ ]]<br/> #[[ባሬታ ቫዞ ]]<br/> #[[ባዴላ ድስቲ ]]<br/> #[[ብራሽ ስኒ ]]<br/> #[[ብያቲ ሽሓኒ ]]<br/> #[[ተሰኳዒ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ምድጃ ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ፋርነሎ ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ፎርኖ ]]<br/> #[[እንዳ ጐሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[ከብሒ መደርደሪ ]]<br/> #[[ኩርሲ ሽቓቕ ]]<br/> #[[ክዳን ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ዓይኒ ምድሪ ]]<br/> #[[ዕትሮ ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ዝባን ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ደንደስ ፊኒስትራ ]]<br/> #[[ፍሪጅ መዝሓሊት ]]<br/> #[[ልዓት ተለፎን ]]<br/> #[[ልዳት መስኮት ]]<br/> #[[መስቀሊ ቆቢዕ ]]<br/> #[[መስቀሊ ክዳን ]]<br/> #[[መስኮት ፊኒስትራ ]]<br/> #[[መስኵዒ ኣምፑል ]]<br/> #[[መቐመጢ ቲቪ ]]<br/> #[[መቐበሊ ተለፎን ]]<br/> #[[መቓን ስእሊ ]]<br/> #[[መብራህቲ ሉቺ ]]<br/> #[[መትሓዝ ቀንዴል ]]<br/> #[[መንበቢ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[መንገፊ ሽጋራ ]]<br/> #[[መወልዒ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[መደረብታ ክዳን ]]<br/> #[[መደገፊ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[መጋረዲ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[መጋረዲ መጸልመቲ ]]<br/> #[[መጋረዲ ሰራንዳ ]]<br/> #[[ስልኪ ተለፎን ]]<br/> #[[ስእሊ ምስሊ ]]<br/> #[[ቖጻሪ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ባምቡላ ድቢ ]]<br/> #[[ተሰኳዒ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ቲቪ ተለቪዥን ]]<br/> #[[አቑሑ ገዛ ]]<br/> #[[ኣምፑል ልቺ ]]<br/> #[[ኣቑሑት ተለቪዥን ]]<br/> #[[እግሪ ኩርሲ ]]<br/> #[[ከብሒ መጽሓፍቲ ]]<br/> #[[ክዳን ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ዓራት ቖልዓ ]]<br/> #[[ዕትሮ ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ዕንባባ ፍዮሪ ]]<br/> #[[ድርዕቶ ዓራት ]]<br/> #[[ድኳ መንበር ]]<br/> #[[ገመድ ተለፎን ]]<br/> #[[ገመድ ተሌፎን ]]<br/> #[[ገመድ ስልኪ ]]<br/> #[[ጌጽ ሽልማት ]]<br/> #[[ጨርቂ መተርኣስ ]]<br/> #[[ጨርቒ ድርዕቶ ]]<br/> #[[ፍሎረሽንት ኣምፑል ]]<br/> #[[ልዓት ካራ ]]<br/> #[[መርፍእ መስማር ]]<br/> #[[መሳርሒ ንዋት ]]<br/> #[[መብስዒ መንኮሊ ]]<br/> #[[መንደሊ መጽረቢ ]]<br/> #[[መጋዝ ሓጺን ]]<br/> #[[መግጠሚ መስኒ ]]<br/> #[[መጣበቒ ኮላ ]]<br/> #[[መጥወዪ ቪተ ]]<br/> #[[መፈለጺ ጉርማጽ ]]<br/> #[[ምዕቀኒ ኩርናዕ ]]<br/> #[[ምዕቀን ጽፍሒ ]]<br/> #[[ሞደሻ ማርተሎ ]]<br/> #[[ስሕለት ካራ ]]<br/> #[[ስናን ዓንኬል ]]<br/> #[[ሻምብቆ ቱቦ ]]<br/> #[[ቀርቃሪ ዕንጨይቲ ]]<br/> #[[ቀዳማይ ገጽ ]]<br/> #[[ቅትርቲ ቡሎኒ ]]<br/> #[[በራዲ ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[ብልሒ ካራ ]]<br/> #[[ተሸካሚ ዓረር ]]<br/> #[[ቶርናዮ መቕረጺ ]]<br/> #[[ኮላ መጣበቒ ]]<br/> #[[ውሻል ኩኞ ]]<br/> #[[ዓንኬል ዓረር ]]<br/> #[[ድሕሪት ግምጣል ]]<br/> #[[ጣውላ ርሺ ]]<br/> #[[ጣውላ ጽርበት ]]<br/> #[[ሕጻን ተምሃራይ ]]<br/> #[[መምሃሪ መጽሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[መባእታዊ ትምህርቲ ]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ ኮሪዶር ]]<br/> #[[መውዓሊ ሕጻናት ]]<br/> #[[መጻወቲ ቦታ ]]<br/> #[[መጻወቲ አቑሑት ]]<br/> #[[መጻወቲ ኣቕሓ ]]<br/> #[[ሰደቓ መምህር ]]<br/> #[[ትምህርቲ ስልጠና ]]<br/> #[[ኩርሲ ሰድያ መንበር]]<br/> #[[ልኣኺ ሰዳዲ ]]<br/> #[[ሕሳብ ቅብሊት ]]<br/> #[[መለቅሒ ካርድ ]]<br/> #[[መስርዕ ተርታ ]]<br/> #[[ሰታሪት ቡስጣ ]]<br/> #[[ሳጹን ቡስጣ ]]<br/> #[[ሳጹን ፖስታ ]]<br/> #[[ስልኪ ተለፎን ]]<br/> #[[ቁጽሪ መንገዲ ]]<br/> #[[ቁጽሪ ዞና ]]<br/> #[[ቤት ቡስጣ ]]<br/> #[[ቴምብር ማሕተም ]]<br/> #[[ክረዲት ካርድ ]]<br/> #[[ክሮና ርእሲ ]]<br/> #[[መራኸቢ መተሓላለፊ ]]<br/> #[[መቓቐር ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[መቖሚ ካሜራ ]]<br/> #[[መንቀሳቐሲ መታወር ]]<br/> #[[መንቀሳቐሲ መንቂ ]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ ዲስክ ]]<br/> #[[ምስሊ ካርቱን ]]<br/> #[[ምእካብ መጽሓፍቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሌዳ መፋትሕ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሌዳ ምልክታ ]]<br/> #[[ስእሊ ምስሊ ]]<br/> #[[ቀዳምይ ቀጽ ]]<br/> #[[ቅድመ መግለጺ ]]<br/> #[[ቤት ንባብ ]]<br/> #[[ብርዒ ቢሮ ]]<br/> #[[ቪድዮ ካመራ ]]<br/> #[[ከብሒ ኮምፒተር ]]<br/> #[[ከብሒ መደርደሪ ]]<br/> #[[ወርሓዊ መጽሔት ]]<br/> #[[ዓምዲ ዓንዲ ]]<br/> #[[ጥቕላል ሸረጥ ]]<br/> #[[ሆዲ በረ ]]<br/> #[[ልዑል ዝላ ]]<br/> #[[ሓላው ልዳት ]]<br/> #[[መንሻተቲ ሉሕ ]]<br/> #[[መንሻተቲት መንሸታትሒት ]]<br/> #[[መንሻትሒ ሳእኒ ]]<br/> #[[መንኮርኮር መንሻትሒ ]]<br/> #[[መንጠሪ ዘንጊ ]]<br/> #[[መድረኽ ተዓዘብቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሜዳ ስፖርት ]]<br/> #[[ምንሽታሕ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ምንሽታት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ሻፎ ስኳሽ ]]<br/> #[[ሻፎ ተኒስ ]]<br/> #[[ተመልከቲ ተዓዘብቲ ]]<br/> #[[ነዊሕ ዝላ ]]<br/> #[[ኣትለቲክስ ስፖርት ]]<br/> #[[ኵዕሶ ስኳሽ ]]<br/> #[[ኵዕሶ ተኒስ ]]<br/> #[[ኵዕሶ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ውርወራ ኲናት ]]<br/> #[[ውርጪ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ዕስለ ኣኽላባት ]]<br/> #[[ዘላሊ ማዕበል ]]<br/> #[[ጸወታ ተኒስ ]]<br/> #[[ጸወታ ዝላ ]]<br/> #[[ሓጽቢ ዲጋ ]]<br/> #[[ሕርሻ ማሕረስ ]]<br/> #[[ሕዝባዊ ቦታ ]]<br/> #[[መስመር ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[መንገዲ ጽርግያ ]]<br/> #[[ማሕረስ ሕርሻ ]]<br/> #[[ሰንሰለታዊ ጎቦታት ]]<br/> #[[ስልሚ ጨፈቃ ]]<br/> #[[ቀላይ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ቀራና መንገዲ ]]<br/> #[[ባሕሪ ውቅያኖስ ]]<br/> #[[ንእሽቶ ደሴት ]]<br/> #[[እንዳ ባውዛ ]]<br/> #[[እንዳ ጃልባ ]]<br/> #[[እኩባት ደሴታት ]]<br/> #[[እኽሊ ዘራእቲ ]]<br/> #[[ከውሒ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ከውሒ ደንጎላ ]]<br/> #[[ኩምራ እምኒ ]]<br/> #[[ክሳድ መሬት ]]<br/> #[[ድልድል ቢንቶ ]]<br/> #[[ድረት ጫካ ]]<br/> #[[ገለርያ ጉሕጓሕ ]]<br/> #[[ገምገም ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ግራት ሕርሻ ]]<br/> #[[ጽፍሒ ከውሒ ]]<br/> #[[ለቖታ ዘርኢ ]]<br/> #[[ሱማ ጽሕዲ ]]<br/> #[[ቁጥቋጥ ብሉበሪ ]]<br/> #[[ቸስትናት ካስታኛ ]]<br/> #[[ኣሻዅ ቆጽሊ ]]<br/> #[[እሾኽ ጽሕዲ ]]<br/> #[[ካዕካዕ ናት ]]<br/> #[[ዕዝ ፈሳሲ ]]<br/> #[[ገረብ ዲፍራን ]]<br/> #[[ጉርማጽ ጉንዲ ]]<br/> #[[ጉንዲ ጨንፈር ]]<br/> #[[ጨንገር ጨንፈር ]]<br/> #[[ጨንፈር ጉንዲ ]]<br/> #[[ጸሊም ኩራንት ]]<br/> #[[ጽሕዲ ፈረንጂ ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ ሮዋን ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ ተርሚን ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ ዓጋም ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ ጸገረዳ ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ ዘርኢ ]]<br/> #[[ሊላ ዕንባባ ]]<br/> #[[ሰልሰላ መቓ ]]<br/> #[[ስኒ ኣንበሳ ]]<br/> #[[ሹሻን ሕሉም ]]<br/> #[[ሹሻን ጰራቅሊጦስ ]]<br/> #[[ቃንጥሻ ኣማኒታ ]]<br/> #[[ቃንጥሻ ካንታረል ]]<br/> #[[ቆልቋል በለስ ]]<br/> #[[ተኽሊ ጨንፈር ]]<br/> #[[ከንፈር ላም ]]<br/> #[[ዕትሮ ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ዕትሮ ባዞ ]]<br/> #[[ዕንባባ ማርጌሪታ ]]<br/> #[[ዕንባባ ኮርን ]]<br/> #[[ዕንባባ ጽገረዳ ]]<br/> #[[ጠጥዒ ኣጕሚ ]]<br/> #[[ጨንፈር ዕንባባ ]]<br/> #[[ጨንፈር ጉንዲ ]]<br/> #[[ጽላት ዕንባባ ]]<br/> #[[መህረሪ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[መቕዘፍ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ምሕንበሲ ክንፊ ]]<br/> #[[ምግፋፍ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[ራዛ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሜናዊ ኑእ ]]<br/> #[[ሽሪምፕ ጋምቤሪ ]]<br/> #[[ቁኒን መርበብ ]]<br/> #[[ቆጽሊ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ተመን ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ተምሪ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ክንፊ ዝባን ]]<br/> #[[ክንፊ ጎሎ ]]<br/> #[[ክንፊ ጭራ ]]<br/> #[[ዓሳ ለግለግ ]]<br/> #[[ዓሳ መኖኮስ ]]<br/> #[[ዓሳ ሰለሞን ]]<br/> #[[ዓሳ ተዅላ ]]<br/> #[[ዓሳ ኣንበሪ ]]<br/> #[[ዓሳ ኮኾብ ]]<br/> #[[ደርሆ ማይ ]]<br/> #[[ድርዒ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[ጭሕሚ ኮድ ]]<br/> #[[ጭራ ክረይፊሽ ]]<br/> #[[ጽፍሪ ዓንቓሪቦ ]]<br/> #[[ሃዳኒ ሃመማ ]]<br/> #[[ለፋይ ሽላ ]]<br/> #[[ሰማያዊት ቲት ]]<br/> #[[ንኣሽቱ ኣዕዋፍ ]]<br/> #[[እንቋቑሖ ዑፍ ]]<br/> #[[እንዳእቲ ጨራሩ ]]<br/> #[[ክሳድ ጭሩ ]]<br/> #[[ክንፊ መንገብገብ ]]<br/> #[[ውላድ ጭሩ ]]<br/> #[[ዓቢይ ቲት ]]<br/> #[[ደርሆ መሮር ]]<br/> #[[ጎጆ ዑፍ ]]<br/> #[[ጎጆ ጨራሩ ]]<br/> #[[ጢጡ ገዛ ]]<br/> #[[ጭሩ ገበላ ]]<br/> #[[ጭሩ ዑፍ ]]<br/> #[[ጸላም ስርኒሕ ]]<br/> #[[ጸላም ዋሪ ]]<br/> #[[ላርቫ ሓሰኻ ]]<br/> #[[ሓርጃም ጋዝዕ ]]<br/> #[[መረመሰሲ ጭሕሙ ]]<br/> #[[መርበብ ኮምፒተር ]]<br/> #[[መርዓት ሕንዚዝ ]]<br/> #[[ሙስክ ብዕራይ ]]<br/> #[[ማሳ ሕንዚዝ ]]<br/> #[[ምራኽ ውዕላ ]]<br/> #[[ስቶኣት አርሚን ]]<br/> #[[ቀርኒ ውዕል ]]<br/> #[[ቀርኒ ዓጋዜን ]]<br/> #[[ባልዕ ሓሰኻ ]]<br/> #[[ተባዕታይ ውዕላ ]]<br/> #[[ኣንስተይቲ ውዕላ ]]<br/> #[[ክንፊ መንገብገብ ]]<br/> #[[ዓለባ ሳሬት ]]<br/> #[[ጭራ ኣንጭዋ ]]<br/> #[[ጭራ ወኻርያ ]]<br/> #[[ጸጓር እንስሳ ]]<br/> #[[ልዓት ፋስ ]]<br/> #[[መረመሰሲ ጭሕሙ ]]<br/> #[[መሳልል ኣስካላ ]]<br/> #[[መስምዒ ጸጕሪ ]]<br/> #[[መስአ ሳዕሪ ]]<br/> #[[መንቂ መለንኪኖ ]]<br/> #[[መጋዝ አሌትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ምክት ሓሰማ ]]<br/> #[[ሞዶሻ ማርተሎ ]]<br/> #[[ሰንኬሎ ሽንኬሎ ]]<br/> #[[ሻምብቖ ማይ ]]<br/> #[[ሻንኬሎ ሰንኬሎ ]]<br/> #[[ቀርኒ ጤል ]]<br/> #[[ብዕራይ ኣርሓ ]]<br/> #[[ኣርሓ ሓሰማ ]]<br/> #[[ኣርሓ ብዕራይ ]]<br/> #[[ኣንስተይቲ ሓሰማ ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍ ጡብ ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍራዛ መዅዓቲ ]]<br/> #[[ክንፊ መንገብገብ ]]<br/> #[[ወላድ ሓሰማ ]]<br/> #[[ዑፍ ካናሪ ]]<br/> #[[ዓጻዲት ሳዕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ደርሆ ማይ ]]<br/> #[[ድርዒ ጎብየ ]]<br/> #[[ጕለ ጡብ ]]<br/> #[[ጫቝት ደርሆ ]]<br/> #[[ጫፍ ጭራ ]]<br/> #[[ጭሕሚ ጤል ]]<br/> #[[ጸጕሪ ጤል ]]<br/> #[[ፋረ ጎንጎኖ ]]<br/> #[[ሓረስታይ ገባር ]]<br/> #[[ሓጹር ዕንጨይቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሓጹር መካበቢያ ]]<br/> #[[ሕርሻ ማሕረስ ]]<br/> #[[መንገዲ ዓዲ ]]<br/> #[[ማሕረስ ሕርሻ ]]<br/> #[[ምእላይ ጀርዲን ]]<br/> #[[ሪቕ መኽዘን ]]<br/> #[[ቀጽሪ ግቢ ]]<br/> #[[ተሰሓቢ ተጎታቲ ]]<br/> #[[ተሳሓቢ ተጎታቲ ]]<br/> #[[ተኽሊ ሓጹር ]]<br/> #[[ኣሕምልቲ ሰራውር ]]<br/> #[[እኽሊ ዘራእቲ ]]<br/> #[[ኩምራ ድዅዒ ]]<br/> #[[ካውሎ ፊዮሪ ]]<br/> #[[ዋና መንገዲ ]]<br/> #[[ዒባ ድዅዒ ]]<br/> #[[ድልድል ሪቕ ]]<br/> #[[ድዅዒ ዒባ ]]<br/> #[[ገዛቨትሮ ግሪንሃውስ ]]<br/> #[[ጉድጓድ ድዅዒ ]]<br/> #[[ግራት ሕርሻ ]]<br/> #[[ፍረታት ዝህብ ተኽሊ]]<br/> #[[መንቕሒት ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ርብዒ ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ቀስቲ ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ቀስቲ ካልኢት ]]<br/> #[[ንግሆ ረፍዲ ]]<br/> #[[ሃረም ፒራሚድ ]]<br/> #[[ሃሳስ ሰማያዊ ]]<br/> #[[ሃሳስ ቀጠልያ ]]<br/> #[[ሊላ ቪዮላ ]]<br/> #[[ሊትሮ ምዓቀኒ ]]<br/> #[[ሓሙኹሽታይ ሸያብ ]]<br/> #[[ሕንጻጽ መስመር ]]<br/> #[[መስርዕ ሕብርታት ]]<br/> #[[መስኵዒ ኣምፑል ]]<br/> #[[መስፈሪ ሊትሮ ]]<br/> #[[መንቀጺት ጸጕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሚዛን ሰልሲዩስ ]]<br/> #[[ማእከል ሕንብርቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሰንቲ ሜተር ]]<br/> #[[ሰያፍ ጋድም ]]<br/> #[[ስሉስ ኵርናዕ ]]<br/> #[[ብርቱኳዊ ኣራንቻዊ ]]<br/> #[[ተነጻጻሪ ጎኖ ]]<br/> #[[ኣምፑል ልቺ ]]<br/> #[[ኪሎ ዋት ]]<br/> #[[ክቢ ዓንኬል ]]<br/> #[[ኲብ ኩቦ ]]<br/> #[[ኳድራት ሜተር ]]<br/> #[[ወሰናስን ጫፍ ]]<br/> #[[ጫላይ ሓመዳይ ]]<br/> #[[ጸርጊ ጩራ ]]<br/> #[[ሃጽፊ ሙቐት ]]<br/> #[[ሓቒቕ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[መሰረት ደመና ]]<br/> #[[ቀስቲ ኮምፓስ ]]<br/> #[[በረዳዊ ዝናብ ]]<br/> #[[በርቂ ጽሓይ ]]<br/> #[[ብርቱዕ ዝናብ ]]<br/> #[[ቦታ ዝናብ ]]<br/> #[[ነጕዲ ነጐዳ ]]<br/> #[[ነጥቡ ዝናብ ]]<br/> #[[ነጥቢ ማይ ]]<br/> #[[ኩነታት ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ካፋ ዝናብ ]]<br/> #[[ዘለላ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ዝሑል ገጽታ ]]<br/> #[[ዝናብ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ደመና ደበና ]]<br/> #[[ደረጃ ሙቐት ]]<br/> #[[ግመ ዕንብረ ]]<br/> #[[ለይትን ምዓልትን (24 ስዓት) ]]<br/> #[[ጻዕዳ ጀብና (ፎርማጆ)]]<br/> #[[ኣካል መፍረ (ኣንስተይቲ)]]<br/> #[[ጸላም ከብዲ (ከብዲ)]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዳዶ (ተዘዋሪ)መፍትሕ]]<br/> #[[እግሪ ኢድ (እንስሳ)]]<br/> #[[ዕጥቂ ምሓምበሲ (ደቂ-ተባዕቲዮ) ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ-ነብሲ ኣስኪት (ንእንስሳ) ፍርንጭት]]<br/> #[[መተሓላልፎ ኮሪዶር (ኮሪዶዮ) ]]<br/> #[[መተሓላልፎ ኮሪዶር (ኮሪዶዮ) ]]<br/> #[[ጓል ኣቦ (ጓለቦ) ጓል ኣደ (ጓለደ)]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ ሲዲ (ኣብ ኮምፒተር) ]]<br/> #[[ቱቦ ማይ (ጎማ ማይ) ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓጋይ (ጊዜ ቁሪ) ገጽ መሬት ]]<br/> #[[ዕጥቂ መሓምበሲ (ናይ ደቂ ተባዕቲዮ) ]]<br/> #[[ቀስቲ ደቒቕ (ኣብ ሰዓታ እታ ደቓይቕ እትሕብር ቀስቲ) ]]<br/> #[[ስድራ ቤት ዘመድ ቤተ-ሰብ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ዝርከብ ክፍሊ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ዝብላዕ ምግቢ]]<br/> #[[ስግራ ቤት ቤተ ሰብ]]<br/> #[[በዓል ቤት በዓልቲ ቤት]]<br/> #[[ኣሕሙ ሓሙን ሓማትን ብሓባር]]<br/> #[[መርመራ ደም ወኪል ደም]]<br/> #[[መሸፈኒ ቁስሊ መሓከሚ ቁስሊ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓደጋ ቁጽሪ ስልኪ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መስምዒ ሓገዝ መስምዒ]]<br/> #[[መቐበሊ ገንዘብ መኽፈሊ ቦታ]]<br/> #[[ተሓዚት ገንዘብ ተቐባሊት ገንዘብ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ምግቢ ዕዳጋ ኩዳር]]<br/> #[[መነስነሲ ጨው እንዳ ጨው]]<br/> #[[ቢያቲ ኮፍ መበሊ ጣሳ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ልስሉስ መስተ ጥርሙዝ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መመገቢ ኣቑሑት ኮምፕለቶ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስጋ ካራ ጎዞሞ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባኒ ጣውላ ሉሕ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጽማቝ ለሚን ጆግ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ፕላስቲክ ሳንጣ ፈስታል]]<br/> #[[ዕሹግ መግቢ መግቢ ስቃጥላ]]<br/> #[[ጭሖሎ ሒላብ ዓሚቚ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ምቑር ሕብስቲ ኬክ ቢሽኮቲ]]<br/> #[[በራድ ጀበና ቍራዕ ጻሕሊ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሻሂ ጣሳ ኩባያ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ መሐበስ ኢድ]]<br/> #[[ስቶኪንግ ነዊሕ ካልሲ ካልሲ]]<br/> #[[ቁልፊ ቅናት ዞና ከባቢ]]<br/> #[[ባኖ ኮምፕለቶ ሙሉእ ክዳን]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስረ መስኵዒ ቁልፊ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ደገ ጁባ ሕሽኩል]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ብርኪ ዝበጸሕ ካልሲ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ብርኪ ዝበጽሕ ካልሲ]]<br/> #[[ጸንብላሊዕ ክራባታ ፋርፋላ ክራባታ]]<br/> #[[ጥማር ዕታር ዕንባባ ]]<br/> #[[ጥውይዋይ ስልኪ ሞላ ]]<br/> #[[መዝወሪ መስኒ ካቻ-ቪተ ]]<br/> #[[ቀዳማይ ደረጃ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ]]<br/> #[[ስጕሱግ ዲስክ ሲዲ-ሩም ]]<br/> #[[ተኒስ ጠረጴዛ ፒንግ-ፖንግ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሎብስተር ጽፍሪ-ዓንቓሪቦ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ውዕላ ጨንፋር-ቀርኒ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስድራ-ቤት ስም ]]<br/> #[[ድኳ መርገጽ-እግሪ መቖሚ ]]<br/> #[[ስኳሽ ፒንግ-ፖንድ መንደቕ ]]<br/> #[[ንእሽቶ ሓውሲ-ደሴት ከውሒ ]]<br/> #[[ሰማይ መንግስተ-ሰማይ ገነት ]]<br/> #[[ምድሪ-ቤት መሬት ባይታ ]]<br/> #[[ቀዳማይ-ዋና መድረኽ ተዓዘብቲ ]]<br/> #[[እኖሓጎ ዓባይ ኣደ ዓባይ]]<br/> #[[እኖሓጎ ኣደ ዓባይ ዓባይ]]<br/> #[[ወዲ ሓወቦ ወዲ ኣሞ]]<br/> #[[ወዲ ሓው ወዲ ሓውቲ]]<br/> #[[ጓል ሓው ጓል ሓውቲ]]<br/> #[[ሱር ሕቖ መሰረት ሕቖ]]<br/> #[[ቆሎ ስኒ መርዓት ሰኒ]]<br/> #[[ጤረር ላዕሊ ጫፍ ዝባን]]<br/> #[[ኣኦርታ ቀንዲ ሱር ደም]]<br/> #[[ፍንጃል ቡን ዝስተዮ ኩባያ]]<br/> #[[ላስቲክ መትሓዚ ጽጕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሓኽሊ ልዓት ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[ሕዛብ ሻርባ መንዲል ]]<br/> #[[ቀለቤት እዝኒ ኩትሻ ]]<br/> #[[ቦርሳ ሳንጣ ቁርባበሻ ]]<br/> #[[ተመጣጢ ገመድ ላስቲክ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ማይ ልብሲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ማይ ስረ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ርእሲ መንዲል ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኢድ ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዝናም ልብሲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዝናም ስረ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዝናም ክዳውንቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዝናም ጃኬት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዲኖ ካቦት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጉዕዞ ቡት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጸሓይ መረጼን ]]<br/> #[[ዕጥቂ ምሓንበሲ ቢኪኒ ]]<br/> #[[ጨርቒ ቖልዓ ዲያፐር ]]<br/> #[[ሓጹር መካበብያ ካንቸሎ ]]<br/> #[[መሸጎሪ ተሽጋጥ መዕጸዊ ]]<br/> #[[መቐበል ኣጋይጅ ሳሎን ]]<br/> #[[መንበሪ ገዛ ቤት ]]<br/> #[[መደያይቦ ደረጃታት ኣስካላ ]]<br/> #[[ማዕጾ ካንቸሎ በሪ ]]<br/> #[[ርሻን መንበሪ ኣባይቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሰንደቕ ዓላማ ባንዴራ ]]<br/> #[[ሳሎን መቐበል ኣጋይሽ ]]<br/> #[[ባስካ ምሕጸቢ ሰውነት ]]<br/> #[[ባንዴራ እተንበልብለሉ ባላ ]]<br/> #[[ብመስርዕ ዝተለጋገበ ገዛ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መረባብዕ ርሻን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መፍትሕ ነዃል ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባንዴላ ባላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባኞ ባስካ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ገዛ መንደቕ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ገዛ ናሕሲ ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍ ደገ ኣፋፌት ]]<br/> #[[ካንቸሎ በሪ ማዕጾ ]]<br/> #[[ደንደስ ማዕጾ ድርኵዂት ]]<br/> #[[ድንኳን መዘርግሒ ሽኻል ]]<br/> #[[ጐሓፍ ርስሓት ድርባይ ]]<br/> #[[ጥርሙዝ መረጼን ቨትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ሓርአ ቀልቀል ኣውጽአ ]]<br/> #[[ሓነፍያ ሩቢኔቶ ቡምባ ]]<br/> #[[መንጫዕጫታ መሕጸቢ ሰብነት ]]<br/> #[[መወተፊ ተሰኳዒ ድብኦ ]]<br/> #[[ማይ ምሕጸብ ሰውነት ]]<br/> #[[ሰፍነግ መሕሰቢ ሰውነት ]]<br/> #[[ሶኬት መስኵዒ ኳሬንቲ ]]<br/> #[[ሽሓኒ ምሕጸብ አቑሑት ]]<br/> #[[ሽጎማኖ መሐበስ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[ቁራዕ ጻሕሊ ድስቲ ]]<br/> #[[ባስካ ምሕጸቢ ሰውነት ]]<br/> #[[ብልቃጥ መሕጸብ ስኒ ]]<br/> #[[ብልቓጥ ሳምና ስኒ ]]<br/> #[[ቨነስያዊ መጋረዲ ሰራንዳ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መንደቕ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሳምና ዓፍራ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስራሕ ባንኮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሽቓቕ ከብሒ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሽቓቕ ኩርሲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሽቓቕ ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቀመም ከብሒ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባኞ ባስካ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቫዞ ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኣካል መጸራረዩ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኤለትሪክ መስኵዒ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ከብሒ ማዕጾ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኪሽነ ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ መንፈሲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ ከብሒ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ ኩርሲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክሽነ ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጸጕሪ ብራሽ ]]<br/> #[[ኢድ ልዓት መስሓቢ ]]<br/> #[[ኣስፓስላ መሕጸቢ ኣቑሑት ]]<br/> #[[እቶን ፋርነሎ ምድጃ ]]<br/> #[[ኩርሲ ሰድያ መንበር ]]<br/> #[[ዝረስሐ አቑሑት ምግቢ ]]<br/> #[[ዝባን መስርሒ ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ድስቲ ቁራዕ ጻሕሊ ]]<br/> #[[ጥስቲ ሽሓኒ ቫስካ ]]<br/> #[[ጻሕሊ ስልጣንያ ድስቲ ]]<br/> #[[ፍርጅ መዝሓሊ ሳጹን ]]<br/> #[[ፐላስቲክ ጐሓፍ ሳንጣ ጐሓፍ]]<br/> #[[መሽፈኒ ዓራት ኮፕሪለቶ ]]<br/> #[[መንጠልጠሊ ክዳን ታካባኖ ]]<br/> #[[መጸግዒ ዘለዎ ኩርሲ ]]<br/> #[[ሳሎን መቐበል ኣጋይሽ ]]<br/> #[[ሽምዓ መስርሒ ሰፈፍ ]]<br/> #[[ባንኮ ኮፍ መበሊ ]]<br/> #[[ተመዛዚ ተሰሓቢ ሳጹን ]]<br/> #[[ተቖጻጻሪ ዋሕዚ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስእሊ መቓን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቫዞ ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ተሌፎን ገመድ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ናሕሲ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ንባብ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኣሳእን ከብሒ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክርቢት ባኮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኮሞዲኖ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ቫዞ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ዕትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጫማ ከብሒ ]]<br/> #[[ኣንሶላ ነጸላ ዓራት ]]<br/> #[[ኩርሲ ሰድያ መንበር ]]<br/> #[[ኮፕሪለቶ መሽፈኒ ዓራት ]]<br/> #[[ዘንቢል ጎሓፍ እንዳጓሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[ድቢ ባምቡላ ድቢ ]]<br/> #[[ልዓት ኢደ መትሓዚ ]]<br/> #[[መለንኪኖ መንቂ መለንቀይ ]]<br/> #[[መሳርሒ ናውቲ አቑሑት ]]<br/> #[[መንደሊ መፈርፍዒ መጐርጒሒ ]]<br/> #[[መደረብታ ቅትርቲ ብሎኒ ]]<br/> #[[ሰርሳሪት ነዳሊት ማኪና ]]<br/> #[[ቀጸላ ሰሌዳ ነጸላ ]]<br/> #[[በትሪ ሙርኩስ ዘንጊ ]]<br/> #[[ብልሒ ስሕለት ጫፍ ]]<br/> #[[ተቐባል መስኒ ዳዶ ]]<br/> #[[ተዓጻፊ መስመር ሜትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መንደቕ ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኤለትሪክ መንደሊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ካራ ልዓት ]]<br/> #[[ኣስባስላ ብራሽ መኾስተር ]]<br/> #[[ዓንዲ ወርወር ባላ ]]<br/> #[[ድሪል መኹዓቲ መቦርቦሪ ]]<br/> #[[ጉጤት መቐርቀር ገረድ ]]<br/> #[[መደብ ትምህርቲ ፕሮግራም ]]<br/> #[[ማእከላይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ምሳሕ ፍደሳ ]]<br/> #[[መኽፈሊ ዕዳ ቢል ]]<br/> #[[መዝገብ ቅብሊት ገንዘብ ]]<br/> #[[መጋረዲ መኸወሊ መዕገቲ ]]<br/> #[[ማሕተም ቡስጣ ቴምብር ]]<br/> #[[ማሽን መዓደሊት ገንዘብ ]]<br/> #[[ቀዳሒት ሓታሚት ማኪና ]]<br/> #[[ቦስጣ መልእኽቲ ደብዳቤ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቦስጣ ኣድራሻ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኮምፒተር መላግቦ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ገንዘብ ካርድ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጽርግያ ስም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ፖስታ ሳጹን ]]<br/> #[[ኣገልግሎት ምትሕልላፍ ገንዘብ ]]<br/> #[[መጕልሒ ድምጺ ማይክሮፎን ]]<br/> #[[መጣበቒ ማኪና ስተፕለር ]]<br/> #[[ረክላም መላለዪ መግለጺ ]]<br/> #[[ሰሌዳ ምርኢት ስክሪን ]]<br/> #[[ስኣሊት ማኪና ካሜራ ]]<br/> #[[ስኣሊት ማኪና ካሜራ ]]<br/> #[[ስእላዊ መግለጺ ዳያግራም ]]<br/> #[[ስክሪን ጽፍሒ ምርኢት ]]<br/> #[[ብቀለቤት ዝተጠምረ መጽሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[ብቐለቤት ዝተጠመረ መጽሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስእሊ ኣስፒሎ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኢንተርነት ኣድራሻ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጋዜጣ ዓንቀጽ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ፊልም መስኣሊት ]]<br/> #[[ካርታ ኩነታት ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ፋይል ሓቛፊ ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[ፍሎፒ ዲስክ ዲስከት ]]<br/> #[[ሉሕ መንሸራተቲ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ሉሕ መንሻትሒ ማዕበል ]]<br/> #[[ሓላው ልዳት ቦርቴረ ]]<br/> #[[መንገዲ ሜዳ ጎልጎል ]]<br/> #[[ሜዳ ኵዕሶ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ራኬት ሻፎ ጐመድ ]]<br/> #[[ሳዕስዒት ምንሽታት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ስእኒ ምንሽታት በርድ ]]<br/> #[[ስኪ መንሻትሒ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ሻፎ ሆኪ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ቅድድም ምንሽታሕ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ተጻዋቲት ኵዕሶ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[ተጻዋታይ ምንሽታሕ በርድ ]]<br/> #[[ተጻዋታይ ምንሽታት ማዕበል ]]<br/> #[[ተጻዋታይ ኵዕሶ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ቶቦጋን መንሽታትሒ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ምንሽታት በርሪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቅሉዕ ቦታ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ በረድ ሆኪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ በረድ ኵዕሶ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ በረድ ግምቢ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባድሚንተን ራኬት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባድሚንተን ኵዕሶ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ተኒስ ራኬት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ተኒስ ኵዑሶ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ነዊሕ ዝላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዳኛ ፊስካ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጎቦ ጉዕዞ ]]<br/> #[[ክሮስ ካንትሪ ስኪ ]]<br/> #[[ኵዕሶ ተኒስ ጠረጴዛ ]]<br/> #[[ዕጥቒ ምንሽታሕ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ዘንጊ ስፖርት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ዝላ ምንሽታት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ዳኛ መንጎኛ ሽማግለ ]]<br/> #[[ጉዕዞ ምንሽታሕ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ጉዕዞ ምንሽታት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ግጥም ኵዕሶ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ጐመድ ሻፎ በትሪ ]]<br/> #[[ጣውላ ዝላ ማዕበል ]]<br/> #[[ጥውይዋይ ምንሽታት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ጸወታ ምንሽታት ማዕበል ]]<br/> #[[ጸወታ ኵዕሶ ሰኪዔት ]]<br/> #[[ጸወታ ኵዕሶ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[ጸወታ ኵዕሶ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሑጻማ ገምገም ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሓዲድ መንገዲ ባቡር ]]<br/> #[[መሕምበሲ ገምገም ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[መደበር ሓይሊ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ምሕንበሲ ገምገም ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ትካል ሓይሊ አሌትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መካይን ጽርግያ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጎቦታት ሰንሰለት ]]<br/> #[[ኢንዱስትሪያዊ ከባቢ ቦታ ]]<br/> #[[ከባብ ቅርጺ ዓለም ]]<br/> #[[ዳገት መዕረፊ ጀላቡ ]]<br/> #[[ጎቦ ኮረብታ ከውሒ ]]<br/> #[[ጫፍ ጤረር ጥርዚ ]]<br/> #[[ፉርዳ ሹግሹግ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ልሕጺ ቅላጥ ቅራፍ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ በረኻ ፍራውላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዑፍ ቸሪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጎቦ ፍራሲኖ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጽሕዲ ኮኖ ]]<br/> #[[ገረብ ኦም ሓረግ ]]<br/> #[[ጻዕዳ ገረብ ኦክ ]]<br/> #[[ፍረ ዝህብ ገረብ ]]<br/> #[[ሹሻን ፋሲካ ዳፎዲል ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ማይ ሹሻን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ በረኻ ኣኒሞን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቫዞ ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ቫዞ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ኣጕሚ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ዕትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ጭንፈር ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጸገረዳ ኣጕሚ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጽገረዳ ኣጕሚ ]]<br/> #[[ዕሲ ስያሕ ቃንጥሻ ]]<br/> #[[ጥማር ዕታር ዕንባባ ]]<br/> #[[መግፈፊ ዓሳ ሰኪዔት ]]<br/> #[[መግፈፊ ዓሳ ዘንጊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባሕሪ ተኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኢድ መርበብ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዓሳ ዓንቃሪቦ ]]<br/> #[[ኣቑሑ መጽመዲ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[ድራባ መቝለብ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[ድራባ መግፈፊ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[ድርዒ ዛዕጎል ፋጋ ]]<br/> #[[ገመድ መግፈፊ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[ጕርጉማ ነፋይ ዓሳ ]]<br/> #[[ጭራ መላልሽ ዘነብ ]]<br/> #[[ክንቲት ሕመቕ ልስሉስ ]]<br/> #[[ጭሩ ገበላ ጢጡ ]]<br/> #[[ጭራ መላልሽ ዘነብ ]]<br/> #[[ተመን ጸሊም ሳዕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ኣሰር እግሪ ወኻርያ ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍዑት መርዛም ተመን ]]<br/> #[[መገፈጢ ራስልትረሎ መጽሓሪ ]]<br/> #[[ብልሒ ስሕለት ጫፍ ]]<br/> #[[ታኒካ መነብነቢ ማይ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓሰር መስአ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ማይ ቱቦ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኣታኽልቲ መቐስ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጀርዲን ናውቲ ]]<br/> #[[ኡንዱላት ንእሽቶ ሕንጻይ ]]<br/> #[[ሓራሲት ማኪና ትራክቶር ]]<br/> #[[ሓጹር መንደቕ ረግሓት ]]<br/> #[[ሓጹር መካበብያ ካንቸሎ ]]<br/> #[[ሓጹር መካበብያ ደጎል ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ማይ ቱቦ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጽዕነት መኪና ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጽዕነት ማኪና ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ፍረታት ጀርዲን ]]<br/> #[[እክሊ ዘርኢ ፍረ ]]<br/> #[[እኽሊ ዓይነት እኽሊ ]]<br/> #[[ገንኢ ድርቛ ቖፎ ]]<br/> #[[ስዓት ጊዜ እዋን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መንደቕ ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስዓት ማሕተም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስዓት ኣመልካቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኢድ ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ካልኢት ኣመልካቲ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ደቂቕ ኣመልካቲ ]]<br/> #[[ካርድ መመዝገቢ ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ወቕቲ ቁሪ ቀውዒ ]]<br/> #[[ዋግዋጎ ጽልግልግ ዓራርቦ ]]<br/> #[[ዓውደ ኣዋርሕ ካላንደር ]]<br/> #[[ሮዛ ጽገረዳዊ ሕብሪ ]]<br/> #[[ስፍሓት ቦታ መኻን ]]<br/> #[[ቁመት ንውሓት ብራኸ ]]<br/> #[[ቅሲ ዓቅሚ ብዝሒ ]]<br/> #[[ቅኑዕ ርቡዕ ኩርናዕ ]]<br/> #[[ብርቱኻናይ ኣራንቾኒ ሽሮዋይ ]]<br/> #[[ተርሞመተር መዐቀን ረስኒ ]]<br/> #[[ተቖጻጻሪ ዋሕዚ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ትርብዒት ርቡዕ ኵርናዕ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ እዝኒ መስምዒ ]]<br/> #[[ክብደት ርዝነት ሚዛን ]]<br/> #[[ኲብ ኩቦ ዳዶ ]]<br/> #[[ዲግሪ ምዓቀኒ ኩርናዕ ]]<br/> #[[ግሎብ ቅርጺ ዓለም ]]<br/> #[[ጽፍሒ ሰጣሕ ስፍሒ ገጽታ]]<br/> #[[ህዱእ ንፋስ ፍሽፍሽታ ]]<br/> #[[ሓበሬታ ኩነታት ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[መብረቐ ዘለዎ ደመና ]]<br/> #[[በርቒ ዘስዕብ ነጐዳ ]]<br/> #[[ተርሞመተር መዐቀን ረስኒ ]]<br/> #[[ትሑት ጸቕጢ ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ትሕቲ ዚሮ ዲግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኮምፓስ ቀስቲ ]]<br/> #[[ካርታ ኩነታት ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ዝናብ ውርጪ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ዝዑቕ ጸቕጢ ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዝባን ክንፊ (ኣ.ብ. ናይ ዓሳ) ]]<br/> #[[መጠዓዓሚ መዛዘሚ ምግቢ (ዲዘርት)]]<br/> #[[ኣቦሓጎ እኖሓጎ (ዓባይ)]]<br/> #[[ማንካ ማንካ ምሉእ (ከም ምዓቀኒ)]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዳኛ ፊስካ (ኣብ ጸወታ ኵዕሶ) ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስራሕ ዕጥቂ ኮምፕላሲዮኒ ቤዛ-ክዳን]]<br/> #[[ካልኣይ ደረጃ ሓፈሻዊ ግዴታዊ ቤት-ትምህርቲ]]<br/> #[[ኣላይት ወይ ኣላይ ሕሙማት ነርስ]]<br/> #[[ምዓልታዊ ምቾት ጠፋኢ ባኻኒ ዘይነባሪ]]<br/> #[[መሰጣሕ ሰጠጣ ሰንያ ጸፊሕ ሽሓኒ]]<br/> #[[ንእሽቶይ ማንካ ናይ ሻሂ ማንካ]]<br/> #[[ማይ መፍልሒ በራድ መፍልሒ ማይ]]<br/> #[[ንእሽቶይ ማንካ ናይ ሻሂ ማንካ]]<br/> #[[ድራር ዝብልዓሉ ጣውላ መመገቢ ጣውላ]]<br/> #[[ቁልፊ ነታ መቖለፊት ጥራሕ ዘስምዕ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሳሎን ጣውላ ሓጺር ጣውላ]]<br/> #[[ጫካ ጽሕዲ ጫካ ዲፍራን ]]<br/> #[[ሓፈሻዊ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ]]<br/> #[[ወሓዚ ፈልፋሊ ማይ ዓይኒ-ማይ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባሕሪ ደርሆ-ማይ ኣይደር ]]<br/> #[[ሃሳስ ሕዋስ ቀጠልያን-ስማያውን ሕብሪ ]]<br/> #[[ደቂ ሓወቦ ኣሞ ኣኮ ሓውትኖ]]<br/> #[[ጓል ሓወቦ ኣሞ ሓትኖ ኣኮ]]<br/> #[[ሱር ደም ሻምብቖ ደም ኣርተሪ]]<br/> #[[ቀረንቀራ ሸኸና ሓምሓም ርእሲ ርእሲ]]<br/> #[[ቁምጣ ስረ ሓጺር ስረ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ለይቲ ክዳን ፒጃማ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ደገ ጁባ ሕሽኩል ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዲኖ ቦርሳ ማሕፉዳ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ገምገም ባሕሪ ኵዑሶ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጸጒሪ ሸሪጥ ድሪ ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ መንኩብ ዝንጥልጠል ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ኣኖራክ ናይ ማይ ጃካ ]]<br/> #[[መውጽኢ ትኪ ማፋ ትኪ ]]<br/> #[[ማፋ ፋንቋ መትረብ ረስሓት ]]<br/> #[[ሽቓቕ መሕጸቢ ቦታ ባኞ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ማዕጾ ደወል ካምፓነላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕረፍቲ ገዛ ጎጆ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጕሓፍ ታኒካ እንዳጕሓፍ ]]<br/> #[[ካብ ኣእማን ዝተሰርሐ መንደቕ ]]<br/> #[[ደወል ናይ ማዕጾ ደወል ]]<br/> #[[መጸባበቒ ኣቁሑት ዝትሓዘሉ ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ማፋ ፋንቋ መትረብ ረስሓት ]]<br/> #[[ሻሽ ጸግያት ፋሻ ጸግያት ]]<br/> #[[ሽቓቕ መሕጸቢ ቦታ ባኞ ]]<br/> #[[ባንኮ ነዊሕ ኮፍ መበሊ ]]<br/> #[[ቫስካ ሽሓኒ መሕጸቢ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መመገቢ ኣቑሑት ኮምፕለቶ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መስኮት መቓን ልዳት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መጸራረዩ ሳንጣ ቦሳ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጽግያት ሻሽ ሞደስ ]]<br/> #[[ኣርማድዮ ከብሒ ቀዋሚ ሳጹን ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ መንደቕ ዝለገበ መስኵዒ ]]<br/> #[[ድርብ መስኩዒ ዘለዎ ሶኬት ]]<br/> #[[መስቐሊ ቆብዕ መንጠልጠሊ ቆብዕ ]]<br/> #[[መወልዒ መብራህቲ መወልዒ ሉቺ ]]<br/> #[[መደገፊ ኢድ ዘለዎ መንበር ]]<br/> #[[ምንጻፍ ሰደቓ መመርኮሲ ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[ሰደቓ ጣውላ ቤት ጽሕፈት ]]<br/> #[[ሳጹን ተቖጻጻሪ ዋሕዚ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ቫዞ ናይ ዕንባባ ዕትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ተለቪዥን ጉጅለ ኣቑሑ ቲቪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ቫዞ ዕትሮ ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ሰንቃ ዝንጥልጠል መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[እግሪ መብራህቲ መቖሚ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[ኮሞ ተመዛዚ ዘልዎ ሳንዱቕ ]]<br/> #[[ደወል ስዓት መንቅሒት ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ደዋሊት ስዓት መቅሒት ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ጥማር ዕንባባ ዕታር ዕንባባ ]]<br/> #[[ፈትሊ ሽምዓ ፈትሊ መብራህቲ ]]<br/> #[[መስኒ ቪተ መንቀርቀር መዘወሪ ]]<br/> #[[መጣበቒ ናይ መንደቕ ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[መፋሕፍሒ መፎግፎጒ መልከዪ ኣስፓስላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ካራ ዝተሳሕለ ወገኑ ]]<br/> #[[ጉርማጽ ንሓዊ ዝኸውን ዕንጨይቲ ]]<br/> #[[መምሃሪ አቑሑ መምሃሪ መጽሓፍቲ ]]<br/> #[[ስሩዑ ትምህርቲ ተምሃሮ ምምሃር ]]<br/> #[[መስርሒ ወይ መጽንዒ ሰደቓ ]]<br/> #[[መቐበሊ ገንዘብ መኽፈሊ ቦታ ]]<br/> #[[ቀዳሒት ስእሊ ፎቶኮፒ ማሽን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓሙሽተ ክሮነር ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓምሳ ኦረ ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓምሳ ክሮነር ቅርሺ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓደ ክሮና ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓጺን ባጤራ ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሽሕ ክሮነር ቅርሺ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ባንክ ባጤራ ቅርሺ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዋጋ ምልክት ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዓሰርተ ክሮነር ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዓሰርት ክሮነር ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕስራ ክሮነር ሳንቲም ]]<br/> #[[መቖሚ ደው መበሊ መደገፊ ]]<br/> #[[ሪሞት ኮንትሮል ብርሑቕ መቖጻጽሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሳንዱቕ ሳጹን ጥቕላል ባኮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓታሚት ጥማር ወረቐት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ የማናይ ሸነኽ ደረት ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ጋዜጣታት ዝወጽእ ጽሑፍ ]]<br/> #[[ሓላው ልዳት ኩዕሶ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[መንሸታትሖ ኩርባ መንሸታትሖ መንገዲ ]]<br/> #[[መንገዲ ጸወታ ክሮስ ካንትሪ ]]<br/> #[[መድረኽ ተዓዘብቲ ኵዕሶ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ስላሞም ጥውይዋይ ምንሽታት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ተጻዋታት ምንሽርታት ክሮስ ካንትሪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ነዊሕ ርሕቐት ጐያዪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጎቦ ጉዕዞ እግሪ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጸወታ ስኪ ቍልቁለት ]]<br/> #[[ውድድር ቁልቁለታዊ ምንሽታት በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ጥውይዋይ መንገዲ ምንሽታት በርድ ]]<br/> #[[ሕሉም ስንጭሮ ኣሚቕ ቦታ ]]<br/> #[[ሕርሻ ግራት ደምበ ቊሸት ]]<br/> #[[መንጠሪ ሉሕ መዝለሊ ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[መኽዘን ማያዊ ሓይሊ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[መዓድን ዝኵዓተሉ ቦታ መዐደኒ ]]<br/> #[[ርእሲ ምድሪ ደንደስ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ስእሊ መሬት ገጽ መሬት ]]<br/> #[[ትካል ማያዊ ሓይሊ አሌትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ኣፍደገ መውጽኢ መላገሲ መእለዪ ]]<br/> #[[ውሓዚ ዓይኒ ማይ ሩባ ]]<br/> #[[ገምገም ባሕሪ ምሕንበሲ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ገጽ ኮረብራ ገምገም ጎቦ ]]<br/> #[[ግሎብ ኩዕሶኣዊ ቅርጺ ዓለም ]]<br/> #[[ጸግዒ ኮረብታ ጽግዒ ጎቦ ]]<br/> #[[ፉርዳ ወሽመጥ ባሕሪ ማርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ማእከል ሱማ ፍረ ሕመረት ]]<br/> #[[ጤረር ላዕሊ ጫፍ ዝባን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕሲ ላዕለዋይ ሽፋን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዕንባባ ቫዞ ዕትሮ ]]<br/> #[[መጥበዊ ናይ ባህሪ እንስሳ ]]<br/> #[[ጻህያይ ባሕሪ ሓምሊ ባሕሪ ]]<br/> #[[ሰፈር ጭሩ ጎጆ ጭሩ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ወጋሕታ ጭሩ ገበላ ]]<br/> #[[ንእሽቶ ጭሩ ውላድ ጭሩ ]]<br/> #[[ጉድጓድ ወኻርያ መንገዲ ወኻያ ]]<br/> #[[ሰባር ደንኵል ሰተር ድንኵል ]]<br/> #[[ሳላ ኩርዅሮ ቆብዕ ባህሌላ ]]<br/> #[[ከብዲ እግሪ ወይ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[መንበሪ ሓረስታይ ገዛ ሓረስታይ ]]<br/> #[[ሰባር ደንኵል ሰተር ድንኵል ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓራሲት ማኪና ተሰሓቢ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሕርሻ መስመር ጽርግያ ]]<br/> #[[ጥርዚ መንገደ ኣጋር ማርሻፐዲ ]]<br/> #[[ደወል ስዓት መንቅሒት ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ደዋሊት ስዓት መቅሒት ስዓት ]]<br/> #[[ድሕሪ ቀትሪ ድሕሪ ፋዱስ ]]<br/> #[[ቀጠልያ ሓምላይ ቆጻል ጉዕ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ምድሪ ቤት መውዓዩ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሰማያዊ ዝኸደ ቀጠልያ ]]<br/> #[[ደሚቕ ቀጠልያ ዉጹእ ቀጠልያ ]]<br/> #[[ሕማቕ ኩነታት ኣየር ማዕብል ]]<br/> #[[ብርቱዕ ናይ በረድ ዝናብ ]]<br/> #[[ጽሓይ ዝዓብለሎ ኩነታት ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ሓመዳዊ ናይ ማይ-ጨባ ጅብና (ፎርማጆ)]]<br/> #[[ናይ ገምገም ባሕሪ ጓይላ (ፓርቲ) ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ጎልጎል ሜዳ መጻወቲ ጎልጎል]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ንእሽቶ ቀረጺት ዝተዓሸገ ቀጠፍ ሻሂ]]<br/> #[[ካልኣይ ደረጃ ቤት ትምህርቲ ሓፈሻዊ ትምህርቲ]]<br/> #[[ዪኒቨርሲቲ ናይ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ኮለጅ]]<br/> #[[መቐመጢ ልብሲ ናይ ክዳን ቅዉም-ሳጹን ]]<br/> #[[ሱር ደም ሻምብቖ ደም መንገዲ ደም]]<br/> #[[መጎልበቢ ሻሽ ኣደሬ መንዲል ሕዛብ ]]<br/> #[[መጎልበብ ሕዛብ መንዲል ሻርባ ነጸላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጁባ ቦርሳ ማሕፉዳ ፖእቶፎልዮ ]]<br/> #[[ዝሕንገጥ ቦርሳ ናይ ሕቆ ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[መሕጸቢ ገጸ ሽሓኒ መሕጸቢ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ መፍትሕ ናይ መፍትሕ ነዃል ]]<br/> #[[መእተዊ ማዕጾ ናይ ቅድሚት ማዕጾ ]]<br/> #[[ቅድሚ ገዛ ናይ ቅድሚት መንደቕ ]]<br/> #[[እንዳ ጐሓፍ እንዳ ርስሓት መጐሓፊ ]]<br/> #[[ዓንዲ ሓጺን መሓውር ህንጻ ዓንዲ ]]<br/> #[[መሕጸቢ ገጸ ሽሓኒ መሕጸቢ ኢድ ]]<br/> #[[መወልዒ መብራህቲ መጥፍኢ ዋሕዚ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ምሕምባስ ምሕጻብ ኣብ ማይ ምጥላቕ ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ መንደቐ ዝለግብ መስኵዒ ኤለትሪክ ]]<br/> #[[ጋርዛ መሓከሚ ሻሽ መዘነኒ ቁስሊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መብራህቲ መቐመጢ ኮፍ መበሊ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሳሎን ጣውላ ሓጺር ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ቤት ጽሕፈት ጣውላ ሰደቓ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዓለባ ምንጻፍ ነዊሕ ምንጻፍ ]]<br/> #[[ከብሒ ናይ መጽሓፍቲ ከብሒ ሽልፍ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኢድ ስራሕ ኢደ ጥበብ ]]<br/> #[[ንወረቐት መሸፈኒ መንደቕ ዝኸውን መጣበቒ ]]<br/> #[[ቪድዮ ካመራ ማኪና ቀዳሒት ቪድዮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሰራሕ ሕይወት ቁጠባዊ ሕይወት ]]<br/> #[[መዋህለዊ ገንዘብ ናይ ገንዘብ ሓሰማ ]]<br/> #[[ሽም ጥምቀት መጸውዒ ስም ስምካ ]]<br/> #[[ተቐባሊ ደብዳቤ ኣድራሻ ተቐባሊ ደብዳቤ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓሙሽተ ሚእቲ ክሮነር ቅርሺ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሓድ ሚእቲ ክሮነር ቕርሺ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መተሓላለፊ ዘንገብ ቅጥዒ ፎርም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ክልተ ሚእቲ ክሮነር ቅርሺ ]]<br/> #[[ርእሰ ዓንቀስ ቀንዲ ሓሳብ ኣርእስቲ ]]<br/> #[[ቪድዮ ካመራ ማኪና ቀዳሒት ቪድዮ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሰኣሊት ማኪናይ መግሊሒ ጥርሙዝ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኢድ ቴለፎን ሞባይል ተለፎን ]]<br/> #[[ተሓንጋጢ ሳንጣ ናይ ሕቖ ሳንጣ ]]<br/> #[[ካብ በረድ ዝተሰርሐ ምስሊ ሰብ ]]<br/> #[[ክፉት ምንሽርታት በረድ ክሮስ ካንትሪ ]]<br/> #[[ልዑል ሓልይሊ አሌትሪክ ዘለዎ መስመር ]]<br/> #[[ሕርሻ ግራት ቁሸት ጕልቲ ውርሻ ]]<br/> #[[ሸረሮ ብንፋስ ትሽክርከር ምንጪ ጽዓት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ህጹጽ ጽርግያ ኣውራ ጎደና ]]<br/> #[[ኮረብታ ኩርባ ገምገም ኩርባ ዓቐበት ]]<br/> #[[ጸሊም ፍረ ዘለዎ ዓጋም ብሉበሪ ]]<br/> #[[ምሂር ገልገል ፈረስ ዒሉ ፈረስ ]]<br/> #[[ዕየት ቃዕዮ ሌማ ላዳ ሬማ ]]<br/> #[[ሕርሻ ግራት ቁሸት ጕልቲ ውርሻ ]]<br/> #[[ሽፋን ዛዕጎል ድርዒ ቅራፍ ቅላጥ ]]<br/> #[[ቅድሚ ቀትሪ ናይ ንግሆ ረፍዲ ]]<br/> #[[ቀስተ ደመና ቅናት ኣደይ ማርያም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ወቕቲ ቁሪ ኩነታት ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ካብ ዘሮ ንላዕሊ ደረጃ ሙቐት ]]<br/> #[[ዝናም በረድ ዘለዎ ኩነታት ኣየር ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስድራ-ቤት ስም ናይ ዓሌት ስም ]]<br/> #[[መጸውዒ ስም ስም ክርስትና ስም ጥምቀት ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ኣቦ ስም ናይ ስድራ ስም ]]<br/> #[[ተንቅሳቓሲ ስእሊ እትቐርጽ ካሜራ ቪድዮ ካሜራ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ካርቱን ዛንታ ዘስሕቕ ስእሊዊ ዛንታ ]]<br/> #[[ሳእኒ ምንሽታሕ በርድ ገይርካ ዝጽወት ጸወታ ]]<br/> #[[በትሪ ሆኪ በረድ ሻፎ ሆኪ በረድ ]]<br/> #[[ብሳእኒ ምንሽታሕ በርድ ገይርካ ሽታሕታሕ ምባል ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ሰንበት ጉዕዞ ናይ ሰንበት ዙረት ]]<br/> #[[ጎጆ ጨራሩ ሳጹን እንዳ ጨራሩ ጋቢያ ]]<br/> #[[ፋዱስ ፍርቂ ምዓልቲ እዋን ምሳሕ ቀትሪ ]]<br/> #[[ካብ ዘሮ ንታሕቲ ናይ ምብራድ ደረጃ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ መንገዲ ቡት ናይ ጉዕዞ ቡት (ሳእኒ) ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ፒንግ-ፖንግ ሻፎ፤ ናይ ተኒስ ጠረጴዛ ጐመድ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጎልፎ ቆብዕ ካብ ጸምሪ ዘተሰርሐ ቆብዕ ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ መንኩብ ኣንጠልጢካ እትስከሞ ሳንጣ ቁባበሻ ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ጊዜ ናይ ጎቦ ዙረት ዝውደ ሰረ ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ምሳሕ ወይ ናይ ጥዓሞት ጊዜ ዕረፍቲ ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ቀዳማይ ገጽ ናይ ጋዜጣ ዝሰፈረ ዜና ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ጎቦ ጉዕዞ ብእግርኻ ናብ ጎቦ ምዝዋር ]]<br/> #[[ልሙዕ ዓይነት ገረብ ቖጽሊ ዝበዝሖም ዓይነት ኣእዋም ]]<br/> #[[ዳስ መስቀሊ ጨራሩ ጎጆ ጨራሩ እንዳ ደርሁት ]]<br/> #[[ተሓንጋጢ ሳንጣ ናይ ሕቖ ቦርሳ ናይ እንግድዓ ቦርሳ ]]<br/> #[[ተንቐሳቓሲት ተለፎን ናይ ማኪና ተለፎን ናይ ኢድ ተለፎን ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ስኣሊት ማኪና መበረኺ ብዓል ሰለስተ እግሪ መቖሚ ]]<br/> #[[ትሕቲ ዘሮ ዝኾነ ዓቐን ዛሕሊ ትሕቲ ናይ ምብራድ ደረጃ ]]<br/> #[[ዙረት ክትከይድ እንከለኻ ዝልበስ ስረ ንኣ ጎቦ ክትድያብ ንሃድን ክትከይድ ]]<br/> #[[ኣብ ወረቐት ዘይተሓትመ ስእሊ ናይ ሸሪጥ ስኢሊ ናይ ስእሊ ፊልም ]]<br/> #[[ናይ ዓራት ናይ እግሪ ሸነኹ ብሸነኽ እግሪ ዝግበር ናይ ዓራት ስፖርተሎ ]]<br/> #[[ከም መደብ ዝተጸፍጸፈ ኬክ ኣብ መንጎ ምቑር ላህመትን ማርሜላታን እናእተኻ ከም መደብ ዝስራሕ ኬክ]]<br/> #[[መግቢ መቐራረቢ ጣውላ ምስ መንደቕ ናይ ክሽነ ዝገጠመ መሕጸብ ኣቑሑት ዘጠቓልል ነዊ ጣውላ ]]<br/> #[[ፍርቂ ለይቲ ]]<br/> #[[Basshunter]] ([[:en:Basshunter|en]]) iv1mknjuz3sqa2t7e0auqotlqcfeirz 4 2120 6028 5423 2008-02-24T18:04:39Z Alexbot 135 Robot: Fixing double redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship and bot approval]] p32nt94nppdsd85dkur4mabnmgulnay 0 2121 24480 24214 2023-09-14T09:12:41Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ፈደራላዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|am|የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}} | ሕብረት = ኣባል ሃገር | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Ethiopia.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Ethiopia.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''የዜግነት ክብር''<br />(''«ናይ ዜግነት ክብሪ»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''ወደፊት ገስግሺ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Wedefit_Gesgeshi_Widd_Innat_Ittyoppya.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ኦሮሞ|ኦሮሞ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ሶማሊ|ሶማሊ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]]ን [[ቋንቋ ዓፋር|ዓፋር]]ን | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፈደራላውነት|ፈደራላዊት]] [[ፓርላማውነት|ፓርላማዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ሳህለ-ወርቅ ዘውደ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ2 = [[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]] | ስም_መራሒ2 = [[ኣብይ ኣሕመድ]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኢትዮጵያዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 1,104,300 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0.7 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 117,876,227 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ብር ኢትዮጵያ|ብር]] | ባጤራ_ኣይሶ = ETB | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC +3 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.et]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +251 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 231 / ETH / ET | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ|ሕ.ኣ.]] }} '''ኢትዮጵያ'''፣ ብወግዒ '''ፈደራላዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]]፦ ''የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ'')፣ ቀደም [[ኣቢሲንያ]] ተባሂላ እትፍለጥ ዝነበረት፣ ኣብ ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ እትርከብ [[ብባሕሪ ዘይተዓጽወት ሃገር]] እያ። ርእሰ ከተማኣ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ዝዓበየትን ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዘለዋን ከተማኣ [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] እያ። ብሰሜን ብ[[ኤርትራ]]፣ ብሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ምስ [[ጅቡቲ]]፣ ብምብራቕ ብ[[ሶማልያ]]፣ ብደቡብ ብ[[ኬንያ]]፣ ብምዕራብ ድማ ብ[[ሱዳን]]ን [[ደቡብ ሱዳን]]ን ትዳወብ። [[መደብ:ኢትዮጵያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] btg3zf9cgdsncakuaa82bhu07ef2vzt 0 2122 23744 19158 2022-08-05T19:04:21Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki ዚምባብዌ [[ፋይል:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|thumb]] President: [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] (2017-) {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] pssva4ysepj351wu7i2iw2xhyctt0du 0 2123 18807 18796 2016-10-01T05:26:53Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/24.39.28.230|24.39.28.230]] ([[User talk:24.39.28.230|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki ዛምቢያ [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 2xszmawkwrhvrmv83zylx1ol8rlkx3h 0 2124 22483 22472 2021-03-05T21:52:41Z Savh 1407 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki ታንዛኒያ [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|thumb]] [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|thumb]] [[File:Tanzania in its region.svg|thumb|]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] gbpvs69bspr32hkrj9dft07jes1nwsa 0 2125 24682 24518 2024-01-19T05:13:45Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ማላዊ''' ኣብ [[ኣፍሪቃ]] እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[File:Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|right|200px]] {{stub}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] cxe5c9yrn4rktoyv15crd37wamhdrv2 0 2127 24522 16483 2023-09-15T14:02:24Z Wolverène 3395 [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] wikitext text/x-wiki ሞዛምቢክ [[File:Flag of Mozambique.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 2t6aksuufqggt0vds5x12ucu1gdb2lb 0 2128 24478 24412 2023-09-14T09:11:49Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሶማልያ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|so|''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''}}<br />{{መበቆላዊ ስም|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية}} | ሕብረት = ሃገር ኣባል | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Somalia.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Qolobaa calankeed''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ሞቓድሾ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = {{hlist|* [[ቋንቋ ሶማሊ|ሶማሊ]] * [[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]}} | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ሶማልያ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ሓሰን ሼኽ መሓመድ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ2 = [[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ሶማልያ|ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]] | ስም_መራሒ2 = [[ሓምዛ ዓብዲ ባረ]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ዕለት<br />&nbsp;• ሓድነት | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ኢጣልያ]]ን [[ብሪጣንያ]]ን <br />26 ሰነ 1960<br />1 ሓምለ 1960 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ሶማላዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 637,657 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 1.6 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 12,693,796 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2023 | ባጤራ = [[ሶማላዊ ሺሊንግ|ሺሊንግ]] | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ግዜ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ|EAT (UTC +3)]] | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.so]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +252 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 706 / SOM / SO | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ|ሕ.ኣ.]] }} '''ሶማልያ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ሶማሊ|ሶማሊ]]፦ ''Soomaaliya''፤ ብ[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]፦ الصومال)፣ ብወግዒ '''ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሶማልያ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ሶማሊ|ሶማሊ]]፦ ''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''፤ ብ[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]፦ جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية)፣ ኣብ [[ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ]]፣ ኣብ ገማግም ወሽመጥ ዓደንን [[ህንዳዊ ውቅያኖስ]]ን እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ሞቓድሾ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ሶማልያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] d0bvpm654790hr72z9cgmwp11g2o36f 0 2129 24679 24678 2024-01-19T05:12:52Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ጂቡቲ''' ኣብ [[ኣፍሪቃ]] እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] fau1j5qenc4m9kxvy9fxza4n503d3re 0 2130 22508 22506 2021-03-14T10:38:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/91.197.129.74|91.197.129.74]] ([[User talk:91.197.129.74|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki ናይጂሪያ [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] i5hqdw6bami4uefwbxps06mh5piybip 0 2131 22466 18294 2021-03-02T21:32:15Z 196.177.98.179 wikitext text/x-wiki ናይጀር (ፈረንሣይኛ: Niger) [[File:Flag of Niger.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 6y3obi29zkz1uxasphk5kmeq2890koq 0 2132 21603 21558 2020-12-15T02:51:13Z Dcljr 46 remove extraneous ws wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+[[File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg|alt=|center|161x161px]][[ሱዳን]]<br /> ![[ርእሲ ከተማ]] ![[ካርቱም]] |- |[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] |[[ዓረብኛ]] |- |[[ጽፍሓት]] |1.861.484[2] |- |[[ባጤራ]] |ናይ ሱዳን ፖንድ |} '''ሱዳን''' ([[ዓረብኛ|ዓረበኛ]]: السودان), ''Sūdān'', '''ርፑብሊክ ሱዳን፣''' ሓንቲ [[ሃገር]] ናይ ኣፍሪቃ እያ። ብግብጺ፣ [[ሊቢያ]]፣ [[ቻድ]]፣ [[ኢትዮጵያ]]ን [[ኤርትራ]]ን ድማ ተከቢባ ትርከብ። [[Category:ሀገራት]] jks4eesqpyydxzqpmlzr2l6jtcizzvu 0 2133 24680 24477 2024-01-19T05:13:28Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} '''ሊብያ''' ኣብ [[ኣፍሪቃ]] እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ፋይል:Flag of Libya.svg|thumb]] [[ፋይል:Libya in its region.svg|thumb|]] [[መደብ:ሊብያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ሃገራት መዋቕራት]] g4lg4wkj1x11ps8n27aalnt1jyp7hqe 0 2134 23758 23756 2022-08-05T20:47:29Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki ስዋዚላንድ [[ፋይል:Flag of Eswatini.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} ==መርበብ== {{Commons|Category:Swaziland|ስዋዚላንድ}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 1oxggyhow2qscaule7gelovrxgla0ao 0 2135 16491 16172 2013-03-07T18:00:36Z Addbot 2869 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 186 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q963]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki ቦትስዋና [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|thumbnail]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] cardgtb3m8a2j47ug2cdsyzsf381v6x 0 2136 22984 22296 2021-08-05T02:45:56Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki ናሚቢያ [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120723175556/http://ice.tsu.ru/index.php?view=category&catid=26&option=com_joomgallery&Itemid=40 Geological expedition to Namibia in March 2012, more than 300 photographs. Climate, ice, water and landscapes. In search of traces of megatsunami.] [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] c9y7le5q0lrk745ow37eek422u725g8 0 2137 20346 20329 2020-03-06T04:48:03Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Nimrod Mensur|Nimrod Mensur]] wikitext text/x-wiki ቤኒን (ፈረንሣይ: Bénin) [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|right|200px]] [[File:Coat of arms of Benin.svg|right|150px]] [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] oo65u9fauxox9tzhszlva9dj4rvxc95 0 2138 24718 24521 2024-02-28T10:45:26Z !!asa,njgh 9503 መወከሲታት wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|thumb]] [[ፋይል:LocationMorocco3.svg|thumb]]ሞሮኮ ብወግዒ ንግስነት ሞሮኮ፡ ኣብ ዞባ [[ማግረብ]] ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃ እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። ብሰሜን ንባሕሪ ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ብሸነኽ ምዕራብ ድማ ንኣትላንቲክ ውቅያኖስ ዝጥምት ኮይኑ፡ ብምብራቕ ምስ ኣልጀርያ፡ ብደቡብ ድማ ምስቲ ዘካትዕ መሬት ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ ዝዳወብ መሬት ኣለዎ። ሞሮኮ ብተወሳኺ ስጳኛውያን ኤክስክላቭስ ሴውታ፡ ሜሊላን ፔኖን ደ ቬለዝ ደ ላ ጎሜራን ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ገማግም ባሕራ ዝርከባ ሓያሎ ንኣሽቱ ብስጳኛውያን ዝቆጻጸራ ደሴታት ትገልጽ።<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114627</ref> 446,300 ኪ.ሜ.(172,300 ትርብዒት ማይል)<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14121438</ref> ወይ 716,550 ኪ.ሜ.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/</ref> ወግዓውን ዕብለላውን ሃይማኖታ እስልምና ኮይኑ፡ ወግዓዊ ቋንቋታት ድማ ዓረብን በርበርን (ታማዚት)፤ ፈረንሳን ሞሮካዊ ላህጃ ዓረብኛን እውን ብሰፊሑ ይዝረብ። ሞሮካዊ መንነትን ባህልን ናይ ዓረብ፣ በርበር፣ ኣፍሪቃን ኤውሮጳን ባህልታት ዝተሓዋወሰ እዩ። ርእሰ ከተማኣ ራባት ክኸውን ከሎ፡ ዝዓበየት ከተማኣ ድማ ካዛብላንካ እያ።<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC</ref> == መወከሲታት == {{stub}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 36ymozpua8oos0hq9se3659irumrxv3 0 2139 24520 19077 2023-09-15T14:02:08Z Wolverène 3395 [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] wikitext text/x-wiki ሞሪታኒያ [[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] mornvivaczjtdfkh8yxnec5ct703n8c 14 2141 21015 20673 2020-08-21T00:07:37Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__ This category is used by [[m:Steward requests/Speedy deletions]] until local administrators are available. Pages are nominated for speedy deletion. If it has spam, blank the page first. To put them up in this category, use {{tl|delete}}. [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] mpx88fuv6fyaqp1rx7qgh3blra8vof1 14 2143 18414 18385 2016-07-13T06:02:22Z ज्हाझक्हाक्रुब्हो 4510 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/5.31.191.190|5.31.191.190]] ([[User talk:5.31.191.190|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Avicennasis|Avicennasis]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Alphabets}} [[Category:ቋንቋ]] ch3p2zpglm96ez43jz1jiw0p3t882j7 4 2145 5469 2007-06-16T14:27:39Z ቶጎሩባ 96 [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship and bot approval]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship and bot approval]] p32nt94nppdsd85dkur4mabnmgulnay 0 2146 24683 24519 2024-01-19T05:13:56Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ማዳጋስካር''' ኣብ [[ኣፍሪቃ]] እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[File:Flag of Madagascar.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 4onyalajchleyatmbxmwq9yr3s39s44 0 2147 24479 23746 2023-09-14T09:12:20Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} ቱኒዝያ [[ፋይል:Tunisia in its region.svg|thumb|]] [[ፋይል:Flag of Tunisia.svg|thumb|]] [[መደብ:ቱኒዝያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ሃገራት መዋቕራት]] 72bn79zv3njon6ylwlnuu3dkw5jx7bx 0 2148 22294 22276 2021-02-06T15:34:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki ኣንጎላ [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|thumbnail]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] aoydroqpzxendvjab95d4wbo185kd6w 0 2149 24483 23745 2023-09-14T09:14:59Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገረ ኬንያ''' [[ፋይል:Flag of Kenya.svg|thumb|''ሰንደቕ ዕላማ (ባንዴራ)]] [[ፋይል:Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg|thumb|]] ኬንያ ሓንቲ ሪፓብሊካዊት ሃገር እያ፣ኣብ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ'ውን ትርከብ። ኬንያ ብሸነኽ ህንዳዊ ውቅያኖስ ኣብ ቅናት ምድሪ ትርከብ። ምስ ሓሙሽተ ሃገራት'ውን ትዳወብ፤ ብሰሜን ምስ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ብሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ምስ ሶማልያ፡ ብደቡብ ምስ ታንዛንያ፡ ብምዕራብ ምስ ዩጋንዳ ከምኡ'ውን ምስ ቀላይ ቪኢክቶሪያ ትዳወብ። ርእሲ ክተማ ኬንያ: [[ናይሮቢ]] ትብሃል። ኬንያ ሓንቲ ካብተን ብዝተፈላለዩ ዓይነት እንስሳታት በረኻን ንእኦም'ውን ዝተሓዝኤ ቦታታትን በረኻታትን ዝመልኣን ዝሃብተማን ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ እያ። ''ብቀይሕ ሕብሪ ዘለዋ ካርታ ሃገረ ኬንያ'ያ። ኬንያ ሓንቲ ካብ: [[ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ እያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 6eja8hvbr4740im0gvbiw1pn1acu63s 0 2150 22281 22263 2021-02-06T15:33:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki ሩዋንዳ [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] mtienofe7f449llf1oc8q1ivdegipx0 0 2151 19692 16504 2019-11-24T17:39:10Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 wikitext text/x-wiki ቶጎ [[File:Flag of Togo.svg|thumbnail|alt=|center]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] kwe7daea9lpb7f84ty0yra4ekhnbjvf 0 2152 22292 22274 2021-02-06T15:34:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki ሴኔጋል [[File:Coat of arms of Senegal.svg|right|120px]] [[File:Flag of Senegal.svg|right|200px]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 2eh4lbl37dbrgk08uyqe13romvbnxdk 0 2153 24681 24517 2024-01-19T05:13:37Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ማሊ''' ኣብ [[ኣፍሪቃ]] እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[File:Mali_(orthographic_projection).svg |thumb|200px|ማሊ]] [[File:Flag of Mali.svg|thumb|100px]] {{stub}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 986uqp2delwcqzcif6tn8fizbnvy7gl 0 2154 24739 24509 2024-03-22T20:48:11Z Tuft 9772 typo wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ጀርመን <br/>{{small|''{{lang|de|Bundesrepublik Deutschland}}''}} | ሕብረት = [[ሃገር ኣባል ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት|ሃገር ኣባል]] | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]] | ባንዴራ = [[ባንዴራ ጀርመን]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Germany.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Germany.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit''<br />(ብ[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]፦ «ሓድነትን ፍትሕን ናጽነትን») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Das Lied der Deutschen''<br />(ብ[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]፦ «ደርፊ ጀርመናውያን») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = German national anthem performed by the US Navy Band.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = EU-Germany.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[በርሊን]] [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|20px|]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት]] [[ፓርላማውነት|ፓርላማዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ጀርመን|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ፍራንክ-ቫልተር ሽታይንማየር]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ2 = [[ቻንስለር ጀርመን|ቻንስለር]] | ስም_መራሒ2 = [[ኦላፍ ሾልዝ]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ጀርመናዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 357,022 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 1.27 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 80,159,662 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ዩሮ]] (€) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ግዜ ማእከላይ ኤውሮጳ|CET]] ([[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC +1]]) | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.de]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +49 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 276 / DEU / DE | ኣባል_ናይ = {{EU}}፣ [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ኪዳን ሰሜን ኣትላንቲክ|ው.ኪ.ሰ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ጸጥታን ምትሕግጋዝን ኣብ ኤውሮጳ|ው.ጸ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ቁጠባዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ምዕባለን|ው.ቁ.ም.ም.]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ|ቤ.ም.ኤ.]] }} '''ጀርመን''' ({{Lang-de|Deutschland}}፣ {{IPA-de|ዶችላንድ|ኣደማምጻ|De-Deutschland.ogg}})፣ ብወግዒ '''ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ጀርመን''' ({{Lang-de|Bundesrepublik Deutschland}} {{IPA-de|ቡንደስረፑብሊክ ዶችላንድ|ኣደማምጻ|De-Bundesrepublik Deutschland.ogg}})፣ ኣብ ማእከላይ [[ሰሜናዊ ኤውሮጳ]] እትርከብ ብሰሜን ብወገን ምስ፣ [[ደንማርክ]]፣ ብወገን ምብራቕ ምስ [[ፖላንድ]]፣ ብምብራቕ ምስ [[ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ]]፣ ብደቡባዊ ምስ [[ኣውስትርያ]]ን [[ስዊዘርላንድ]] ብምዕራብ ምስ [[ፈረንሳ]]ን [[በልጅዩም]]ን [[ሉክሰምበርግ]]ን፤ ከምኡውን [[ኔዘርላንድ]] እትዳውብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[በርሊን]] እያ። == ሕጊ == ጀርመን ብኣዝዩ ጸቡቕ ኣካያይዳ ዘለዎ፣ ንናእሽቱ መንእሰያት ኣብ ስራሕ ትምህርቶም ከድህቡ ዝጸቅጥ ተረርቲ ሕግታት ኣለዋ። ኣብ ጀርመን ሓደ ትሕቲ 18 ዓመት ከም መኪና፣ ኣሰንበድቲ ፊልምታት ወልፍታት ሽጋራ ናይ ሓንቲ ስድራ ምስካም`ውን ንትሕቲ ዕድመ ህጻናት ኣይፍቀድን እዩ. [[መደብ:ጀርመን]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] eylmtu7wcrwfntfadwwalmrryqtls6b 14 2156 21085 21079 2020-08-26T20:01:53Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Countries of Europe}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት]] [[መደብ:ኤውሮጳ]] g0hzvi1zg8xps19zluqok63eopynu2f 14 2157 21102 21101 2020-08-28T20:20:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] to [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Countries of Africa}} [[መደብ:ኣፍሪቃ]] onc24qd11g4r7mogge3oa6eyu2lgttb 4 2189 22695 5746 2021-04-30T13:34:36Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki == Pages locked from recreation == <div class="center">'''Please add a translation for the instructions line.'''</div> : [en] '''Administrators:''' add a new line here to stop pages being created : [es] '''Administradores:''' añadan una nueva línea para evitar que una página vuelva a ser creada : [nl] '''Beheerders:''' voeg hier een nieuwe regel toe om het aanmaken van pagina's te voorkomen : [it] '''Amministratori:''' aggiungete una riga qui per 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* {{:divergent money}} * {{:divergent money and power}} * {{:eu american japon language friendship}} * {{:english usa divergent friendship}} * {{:get europe and usa science kind}} * {{:Get power and money divergent}} * {{:get science kind}} gih7irh22jcneuxqdo7p3fo0it52ta3 4 2201 5722 2007-09-24T15:52:31Z 207.162.58.44 redirect per [[m:Bot policy]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship and bot approval]] p32nt94nppdsd85dkur4mabnmgulnay 0 2216 20966 20507 2020-08-17T00:18:25Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 10 2240 17020 16509 2013-08-02T00:25:26Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4299475]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="messagebox plainlinks" |align="center"|[[Image:Crystal Clear action run.png|50px]] |align="left" width="100%"|'''This user account is a [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bot]] operated by [[:{{{site|en}}}:User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[:{{{site|en}}}:User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]]).''' It is not a [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppet]], but rather an automated or semi-automated account for making repetitive edits that would be extremely tedious to do manually. <br> <small>''Administrators: if this bot is malfunctioning or causing harm, please [{{fullurl:Special:Blockip|wpBlockAddress={{PAGENAMEE}}&wpBlockExpiry=indefinite&wpAnonOnly=0&wpEnableAutoblock=0&wpCreateAccount=0&wpBlockReason=Bot%20malfunctioning:%20}} block it].''</small> |}{{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia bots|<includeonly>{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly> ]]}}} qiqvaqp31cyawbmwnnn7hxgrbj61g5j 4 2245 7381 5977 2009-04-19T01:30:15Z 99.232.101.167 Blanked the page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 2250 6014 6012 2008-02-23T16:15:06Z 141.152.54.105 Redirecting to [[ኤርትራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[ኤርትራ]] tvsob7prxu3m77sl9nwq1s19x2q9tkx 10 2262 6103 2008-04-23T00:25:23Z 71.165.53.198 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: ??? ?????????????????????? ? ????????? ? ? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? wikitext text/x-wiki ??? ?????????????????????? ? ????????? ? ? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? b01xe606ufw2clm3vbmhfcgkbp6tbt5 0 2347 6614 6611 2008-07-28T22:46:45Z Spacebirdy 129 Protected "[[Main Page]]": redirect [edit=sysop:move=sysop] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[መበገሲ ገጽ]] gr22ewd1o3pav5kb6981ttwin767lbh 0 2432 21586 21490 2020-12-15T02:35:25Z Dcljr 46 Undo revision 21490 by [[Special:Contributions/2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C]] ([[User talk:2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|talk]]) -- rv unexplained page blanking wikitext text/x-wiki እቲ “'''ሓቀኛ ቤተክርስትያን የሱስ'''” ሓደ ነጻ ዝዀነ ቤተክርስትያን ኰይኑ፡ ብ1917 ዓ.ም. ኣብ በይጂንግ፡ ቺና ዝቘመ ኢዩ። ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ኣብ 48 ሃገራትን ሽዱሽተ ክፍሊ ዓለማትን ኣስታት 2,5 ሚልዮን ዝዀኑ ኣባላት ኣለዉዎ። እዚ ቤትክርስትያን እዚ ኣካል ናይቲ ኣብ መበል ዕስራ ክፍለ ዘመን ዝተቐልቀለ ጕጅለ ክርስትያናዊ ፕሮተስታንት ኢዩ። ዕላማኡ፡ ቅድሚ ካልኣይ ምጽኣት ክርስቶስ ንዅለን ሃገራት ወንጌል ንምስባኽ ኢዩ። እተን ዓሰርተ ቀንዲ እምነታት ናይ’ዚ ቤተክርስትያን እዘን ዚስዕባ ኢየን፡- # መንፈስ ቅዱስ # ጥምቀት # ሕጽበተ-እግሪ # ቅዱስ ቍርባን # መዓልቲ ሰንበት # የሱስ ክርስቶስ # [[መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ]] # ድሕነት # ቤተክርስትያን # መወዳእታ ፍርዲ [[Category:ሃይማኖት]] 2kw9f3nfoha6198k5td5by9wiwguo0y 10 2464 7055 2009-02-15T21:39:16Z 217.211.77.36 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: ሰላኣማት ቢተሰብ ከመይ ኣለኩም wikitext text/x-wiki ሰላኣማት ቢተሰብ ከመይ ኣለኩም 72de5bpq6mu4fr5spuflb6zufafcxgm 14 2468 24516 24472 2023-09-15T14:01:05Z Wolverène 3395 m. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Eritrea}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 5tu49dcfyuo1ox4uok0hkphlodzyaod 0 2493 20460 20455 2020-03-16T07:35:50Z Joanmp14 5782 spelling error fixed wikitext text/x-wiki ዝርዝር ሃገራት ISO 3166-1 * AD [[ኣንዶራ]] * AE [[ሕቡራት ዓረብ ዕማራት]] * AF [[ኣፍጋኒስታን]] * AG [[ኣንቲካ ን ባርባዶስን]] * AI [[ኣንጒላ]] * AL [[ኣልባኒያ]] * AM [[ኣርመኒያ]] * AN [[ኔዘርላንድ|ኔዘርላነድ]] * AO [[ኣንጎላ]] * AQ [[ኣንታርቲካ]] * AR [[አርጀንቲና]] * AS [[ኣመሪካ ሳሞኣ]] * AT [[ኣውስትርያ]] * AU [[ኣውስትራልያ]] * AW [[ኣሩባ]] * AZ [[ኣዘርባጃን]] * BA [[ቦዝኒያን ሀርሰጎቪናን]] * BB [[ባርባዶስ]] * BD [[ባንግላደሽ]] * BE [[በልጂዩም]] * BF [[ቡርኪና ፋሶ]] * BG [[ቡልጋሪያ]] * BH [[ባሕረይን]] * BI [[ቡሩንዲ]] * BJ [[በኒን]] * BM [[በርሙዳ]] * BN [[ብሩናይ]] * BO [[ቦሊቭያ]] * BR [[ብራዚል]] * BS [[ባሃማስ]] * BT [[ቡታን]] * BV [[ደሴት ቡቨት]] * BW [[ቦትስቫና]] * BY [[ቤላሩስ]] * BZ [[ቤሊዝ]] * CA [[ካናዳ]] * CC [[ደሴታት ኮኮስ (ኪሊን)]] * CF [[ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] * CG [[ኮንጎ]] * CI [[ኣይቮሪ ኮስት]] * CK [[ደሴታት ኩክ]] * CL [[ቺሌ]] * CM [[ካሜሩን]] * CN [[ቺና]] * CO [[ኮሎምቢያ]] * CR [[ኮስታ ሪካ]] * CU [[ኩባ]] * CV [[ካፕ ቨርደ]] * CX [[ደሴት ክሪስትማስ]] * CY [[ሳይፕሩስ]] * CZ [[ቸሺያ]] * DE [[ጀርመን]] * DJ [[ጂቡቲ]] * DK [[ዴንማርክ]] * DM [[ዶሚኒካ]] * DO [[ዶሚኒካን ሪፓብሊክ]] * DZ [[ኣልጀሪያ]] * EC [[ኤኳዶር]] * EE [[ኢስቶንያ]] * EG [[ምስሪ]] * EH [[ምዕራብ ሰሓራ]] * ER [[ኤሪትረያ]] * ES [[ስፔን]] * ET [[ኢትዮጵያ]] * FI [[ፊንላንድ]] * FJ [[ፊጂ]] * FK [[ደሴታት ፎልክላንድ (ማልቪናስ)]] * FM [[ሚክሮነሲያ]] * FO [[ደሴታት ፋሮ]] * FR [[ፈረንሳይ|ፍራንሳይ]] * GA [[ጋቦን]] * GB [[ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ]] * GD [[ግሬናዳ]] * GE [[ጆርጂያ]] * GF [[ፈረንች ጉያና]] * GG [[ገርንሰይ]] * GH [[ጋና]] * GI [[ጊብራልታር]] * GL [[ግሪንላንድ]] * GM [[ጋምቢያ]] * GN [[ጊነያ]] * GP [[ጉዋደሉፕ]] * GQ [[ኢኳቶሪያል ጊነያ]] * GR [[ግሪኽ]] * GS [[ደቡብ ጆርጂያን ደሴታት ደቡብ ሳንደዊችን]] * GT [[ጉዋተማላ]] * GU [[ጉዋም]] * GW [[ጊኒ-ቢሳው]] * GY [[ጉያና]] * HK [[ሆንግ ኮንግ]] * HM [[ደሴታት ሂርድን መክዶናልድን]] * HN [[ሆነዱራስ]] * HR [[ክሮአሺያ]] * HT [[ሃኢቲ]] * HU [[ሃንጋሪ]] * CH [[ስዊዘርላንድ]] * ID [[ኢንዶነዚያ]] * IE [[ኢርላንድ]] * IL [[ኢስራኤል]] * IM [[ኣይል ኦፍ ማን]] * IN [[ህንዲ]] * IO [[መሬት ህንዳዊ ውቅያኖ ብሪጣኒያ]] * IQ [[ዒራቕ]] * IR [[ኢራን]] * IS [[ኣይስላንድ]] * IT [[ኢጣልያ]] * JE [[ጀርሲ]] * JM [[ጃማይካ]] * JO [[ጆርዳን]] * JP [[ጃፓን]] * KE [[ኬንያ]] * KG [[ክሪጊስታን]] * KH [[ካምቦዲያ]] * KI [[ኪሪባቲ]] * KM [[ኮሞሮስ]] * KN [[ሰይንት ኪትስ ን ነቪስን]] * KO [[ኮሶቮ]] * KP [[ሰሜን ኮረያ]] * KR [[ደቡብ ኮረያ]] * KW [[ኩወይት]] * KY [[ደሴታት ካይማን]] * KZ [[ካዛክስታን]] * LA [[ላኦስ]] * LB [[ሊባኖን]] * LC [[ሰይንት ሉሲያ]] * LI [[ሊሽተንሽታይን]] * LK [[ስሪ ላንካ]] * LR [[ላይበሪያ]] * LS [[ሊሶቶ]] * LT [[ሊቲወኒያ]] * LU [[ሉክሱምቦርግ]] * LV [[ላቲቫ]] * LY [[ሊብያ]] * MA [[ሞሮኮ]] * MC [[ሞናኮ]] * MD [[ሞለዶቫ]] * ME [[ሞነቴነግርኦ]] * MG [[ማዳጋስካር]] * MH [[ደሴታት ማርሻል]] * MK [[ማከዶኒያ]] * ML [[ማሊ]] * MM [[ሚያንማር (ቡርማ)]] * MN [[ሞንጎሊያ]] * MO [[ማካዎ]] * MP [[ደሴታት ኖርዘርን ማሪያና]] * MQ [[ማርቲኒክ]] * MR [[ማውሪታንያ]] * MS [[ሞንትሰራት]] * MT [[ማልታ]] * MU [[ማውሪቲዩስ]] * MV [[ማልዲቭስ]] * MW [[ማላዊ]] * MX [[ሜክሲኮ]] * MY [[ማለይዚያ]] * MZ [[ሞዛምቢክ]] * NA [[ናሚቢያ]] * NC [[ኒው ካልዶኒያ]] * NE [[ኒጀር]] * NF [[ኖርፎልክ ደሴት]] * NG [[ናይጀሪያ]] * NI [[ኒካራጉዋ]] * NL [[ነዘርላነድ]] * NO [[ኖርወይ]] * NP [[ኔፓል]] * NR [[ናውሩ]] * NU [[ኒዩ]] * NZ [[ኒው ዚላንድ]] * OM [[ኦማን]] * PA [[ፓናማ]] * PE [[ፔሩ]] * PF [[ፍረንች ፖሊነዚያ]] * PG [[ፓፑዋ ኒው ጊነያ]] * PH [[ፊሊፒንስ]] * PK [[ፓኪስታን]] * PL [[ፖላንድ]] * PM [[ሰይንት ፒየር ን ሚከሎን ን]] * PN [[ፒትከይርን ደሴታት]] * PR [[ፑአርቶ ሪኮ]] * PT [[ፖርቱጋል]] * PW [[ፓላው]] * PY [[ፓራጉዋይ]] * QA [[ቐጠር]] * RE [[ሪዩኒዮን]] * RO [[ሮማንያ]] * RS [[ሰርቢያ]] * RU [[ሩስያ]] * RW [[ሩዋንዳ]] * SA [[ሰዑዲ ዓረብ]] * SB [[ደሴታት ሶሎሞን]] * SC [[ሳይቸለስ]] * SD [[ሱዳን]] * SE [[ሽወደን]] * SG [[ሲንጋፖር]] * SH [[ሰይንት ሀለና]] * SI [[ስሎቨንያ]] * SJ [[ስቫልባርድ (ስቫልባርድ ን ያን ማየን ን)]] * SK [[ስሎቨኪያ]] * SL [[ሲየራ ለዮን]] * SM [[ሳን ሞሪኖ]] * SN [[ሰነጋል]] * SO [[ሶማሊያ]] * SR [[ሱሪናም]] * ST [[ሳኦ ቶመ ን ፕሪንቺፐን]] * SV [[ሳልቫዶር]] * SY [[ሱርያ]] * SZ [[ስዋዚላንድ]] * TB [[ቲበት]] * TC [[ታርክስን ካይኮስን ደሴታት]] * TD [[ጫድ]] * TF [[ደቡባዊ ግዝኣት ፈረንሳይ]] * TG [[ቶነጎ]] * TH [[ታይላንድ]] * TJ [[ታጂክስታን]] * TK [[ቶከላው]] * TL [[ምብራቕ ቲሞር]] * TM [[ቱርኪመንስታን]] * TN [[ቱኒዝያ]] * TO [[ቶነጎ]] * TR [[ቱርኪ]] * TT [[ትሪኒዳድ ን ቶበይጎን]] * TV [[ቱቫሉ]] * TW [[ታይዋን]] * TZ [[ታንዛኒያ]] * UA [[ዩክረይን]] * UG [[ዩጋንዳ]] * UM [[ሕቡራት መንግስታት ማይነር ኣውትላይን ደሴታት]] * US [[ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ]] * UY [[ኡራጓይ]] * UZ [[ኡዝበኪስታን]] * VA [[ቫቲካን]] * VC [[ሰይንት ቪንሰንት ን ግረናዲንስ ን]] * VE [[ቬንዙዌላ]] * VG [[በሪቲሽ ቨርጅን ደሴታት]] * VI [[ኣመሪካ ቨርጅን ደሴታት]] * VN [[ቪየትናም]] * VU [[ቫኑዋቱ]] * WF [[ዋሊስ ን ፋቱናን]] * WS [[ምዕራብ ሳሞኣ]] * YE [[የመን]] * YT [[ማዮት]] * ZA [[ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ]] * ZM [[ዛምቢያ]] * ZR [[ዛየር]] * ZW [[ዚምባቡወ]] == ዝርዝር ሃገራት == * [http://banka.kpr.sk/countries.php?lang=ti ዝርዝር ሃገራት ISO 3166-1] [[sv:ISO 3166#ISO 3166-1-koder]] huyds5co8fcawhord8e48vmqk42glyj 0 2494 24702 24488 2024-02-03T11:01:53Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ግዝኣት |ስም = ኤውሮጳ |ካርታ = {{Imagemap ኤውሮጳ}} |ስፍሓት = 10,530,751 |ብዝሒ ህዝቢ = 749,878,120<ref>{{cite web|url=https://countrymeters.info/en/Europe |title=countrymeters.info}}</ref> |ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓመት = 2021 |ጻዕቂ = 70 |ዜግነት ህዝቢ = ኤውሮጳዊ/ -ት |ሃገራት = {{Collapsible list|ኣርእስቲ= 50 |1 = {{Flagcountry|ሃንጋሪ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሉክሰምበርግ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሊትዌንያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሊኽትንሽታይን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ላትቭያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ማልታ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሞልዶቫ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሞናኮ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሞንተኔግሮ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሩማንያ}}<br> {{Flagcountry|ሩስያ}}<br> {{Flagcountry|ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሰሜን መቄዶንያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሰርብያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሳን ማሪኖ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ስሎቫክያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ስሎቬንያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ስዊዘርላንድ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ስጳኛ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሽወደን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ቆጵሮስ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ቡልጋርያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ቤላሩስ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ቤልጅዩም}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ብሪጣንያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ቦዝንያን ሄርዘጎቪናን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኔዘርላንድ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኖርወይ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኢጣልያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣልባንያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣርሜንያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣንዶራ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣዘርባጃን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣየርላንድ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣይስላንድ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኤስቶንያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኦስትርያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ከተማ ቫቲካን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ክሮኤሽያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ዩክሬን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ደንማርክ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ጀርመን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ጆርጅያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ግሪኽ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ፈረንሳ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ፊንላንድ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ፖላንድ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ፖርቱጋል}} ከም ኣካል ኤውሮጳ ይቆጽራ'የን፦ {{Flagcountry|ቱርኪ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ካዛኪስታን}} }} |ጽግዕተኛታት = {{Collapsible list|ኣርእስቲ=7 |1 = [[ፋይል:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|frameless|upright=0.1|border]] [[ኣክሮትሪን ዲከልያን]]<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣይል ኦፍ ማን}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ደሴታት ፋሮ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ጀርዚ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ጂብራልታር}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ገርንዚ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ግሪንላንድ}} }} |ኣፍልጦ ዘይረኸባ ሃገራት = {{Collapsible list|ኣርእስቲ=8|text={{Flagcountry|ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሉሃንስክ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ሪፓብሊክ ኣርትሳኽ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ቱርካዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሰሜን ቆጵሮስ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ትራንስኒስትርያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኣብካዝያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ኮሶቮ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ደቡብ ኦሰትያ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ዶኔትስክ}} }} |ቋንቋታት = '''[[ቋንቋታት ኤውሮጳ]]፦''' [[ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሩስኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ፖላንድኛ|ፖላንድኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ዩክሬንኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ሩማንኛ|ሩማንኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ|ቱርክኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ግሪኽኛ|ግሪኽኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]]፣ ወዘተ |ዞባ ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]] ምሉእ ዓመት<br>[[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]]/[[UTC +1]] ኣብ ክረምቲ<br>[[UTC +1]]/[[UTC +2]] ኣብ ክረምቲ<br>[[UTC +2]]/[[UTC +3]] ኣብ ክረምቲ<br>[[UTC +3]] ምሉእ ዓመት<br>[[UTC +4]] ምሉእ ዓመት<br>[[UTC +5]] ምሉእ ዓመት |ኢንተርነት = [[.eu]] |ዞባዊ ውድባት = [[ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ]] ወዘተ። }} '''ኤውሮጳ''' ምሉእ ብምሉእ ኣብ [[ሰሜናዊ ንፍቀ ክቢ]] መብዛሕትኡ ከኣ ኣብ [[ምብራቓዊ ንፍቀ ክቢ]] እትርከብ [[ክፍለ ዓለም]] እያ። ኤውሮጳ ብስፍሓት ከባቢ ካልኣይቲ ዝነኣሰት ክፍለ ዓለም እያ። == ዝርዝር ሃገራትን ግዝኣታትን == {{See also|ዝርዝር ልኡላውያን ሃገራትን ጽግዕተኛ ግዝኣታትን ኣብ ኤውሮጳ}} ኤውሮጳ ብፖለቲካ ኣብ ሓምሳ ልኡላውያን ሃገራት፣ ሸሞንተ ሃገራት ውሱን ኣፍልጦ ዘለወን፣ ሽድሽተ ጽግዕተኛታት ግዝኣታት ከምኡውን ኣብ ሰለስተ ርእሰን ዝኸኣላ ዞባታት ኣብ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት ተዋሃሂደን ትምቀል። === ልኡላውያን ሃገራት === [[ፋይል:EuropeLocation.svg|frameless|left|upright=2]] {| class="references-small sortable wikitable" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%" ! ! ባንዴራ ! ኣርማ ! ስም/ወግዓዊ ስም ! ተመስሪታ ! [[ዝርዝር ሃገራት ብስፍሓት|ስፍሓት]]<br>(ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.) ! ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ! ተቐማጥቲ<br> ብ[[ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር|ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]] ! [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] ! ወግዓዊ<br>ቋንቋ(ታት) |- | align="center" |1 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሃንጋሪ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Hungary.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሃንጋሪ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1918 | style="text-align:right;"| 93,030 | style="text-align:right;"| 9,797,561 | style="text-align:right;"| 105.3 | [[ቡዳፐስት]] | [[ቋንቋ ሃንጋርኛ|ሃንጋርኛ]] |- | align="center" |2 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሉክሰምበርግ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:EU Member States' CoA Series- Luxembourg.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሉክሰምበርግ]] <br>ዓባይ ግዝኣተ መስፍን ሉክሰምበርግ | style="text-align:center;"| 1890 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,586 | style="text-align:right;"| 602,005 | style="text-align:right;"| 233.7 | [[ሉክሰምበርግ (ከተማ)|ከተማ<br>ሉክሰምበርግ]] |[[ቋንቋ ሉክሰምበርግኛ|ሉክሰምበርግኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]] |- | align="center" |3 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሊትዌንያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሊትዌንያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሊትዌንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 65,300 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,800,667 | style="text-align:right;"| 45.8 | [[ቪልንዩስ]] |[[ቋንቋ ሊትዌንኛ|ሊትዌንኛ]] |- | align="center" |4 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሊኽተንሽታይን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Lesser arms of Liechtenstein.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሊኽተንሽታይን]] <br>ምድረ ልኡል ሊኽተንሽታይን | style="text-align:center;"| 1719 | style="text-align:right;"| 160 | style="text-align:right;"| 38,111 | style="text-align:right;"| 227 | [[ቫዱዝ]] |[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]] |- | align="center" |5 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ላትቭያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Lesser coat of arms of Latvia (escutcheon).svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ላትቭያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ላትቭያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 64,589 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,925,800 | style="text-align:right;"| 34.3 | [[ሪጋ]] |[[ቋንቋ ላትቭያኛ|ላትቭያኛ]] |- | align="center" |6 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ማልታ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Malta.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ማልታ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ማልታ | style="text-align:center;"| 1974 | style="text-align:right;"| 316 | style="text-align:right;"| 445,426 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,410 | [[ቫለታ]] |[[ቋንቋ ማልትኛ|ማልትኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |7 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሞልዶቫ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Moldova.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሞልዶቫ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሞልዶቫ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 33,846 | style="text-align:right;"| 4,434,547 | style="text-align:right;"| 131.0 | [[ኪሺናው]] |[[ቋንቋ ሩማንኛ|ሩማንኛ]] |- | align="center" |8 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሞናኮ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Blason pays Monaco.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሞናኮ]] <br>ምድረ ልኡል ሞናኮ | style="text-align:center;"| 1861 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.020 | style="text-align:right;"| 38,400 | style="text-align:right;"| 18,713 | [[ሞናኮ-ቪል]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |9 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሞንተኔግሮ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Montenegro.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሞንተኔግሮ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2006 | style="text-align:right;"| 13,812 | style="text-align:right;"| 642,550 | style="text-align:right;"| 45.0 | [[ፖድጎሪካ]] |[[ቋንቋ ሞንተኔግርኛ|ሞንተኔግርኛ]] |- | align="center" |10 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሩማንያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Romania.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሩማንያ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1878 | style="text-align:right;"| 238,397 | style="text-align:right;"| 19,638,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 84.4 | [[ቡካረስት]] |[[ቋንቋ ሩማንኛ|ሩማንኛ]] |- | align="center" |11 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሩስያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሩስያ]] <br>ፈደረሽን ሩስያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1547 | style="text-align:right;"| 17,098,246 | style="text-align:right;"| 144,526,636 | style="text-align:right;"| 8.4 | [[ሞስኮ]] |[[ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሩስኛ]] |- | align="center" |12 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1993 | style="text-align:right;"| 78,866 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,610,947 | style="text-align:right;"| 134 | [[ፕራግ]] |[[ቋንቋ ቸክኛ|ቸክኛ]] |- | align="center" |13 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሰሜን መቄዶንያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሰሜን መቄዶንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 25,713 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,103,721 | style="text-align:right;"| 80.1 | [[ስኮፕየ]] |[[ቋንቋ መቄዶንኛ|መቄዶንኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ኣልባንኛ|ኣልባንኛ]] |- | align="center" |14 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሰርብያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Serbia small.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሰርብያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሰርብያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1878 | style="text-align:right;"| 88,361 | style="text-align:right;"| 7,040,272 | style="text-align:right;"| 91.1 | [[በልግረይድ]] |[[ቋንቋ ሰርብኛ|ሰርብኛ]] |- | align="center" |15 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሳን ማሪኖ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Sancti Marini.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሳን ማሪኖ]] <br>ዝበዝሐት ሰላማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሳን ማሪኖ | style="text-align:center;"| 1243 | style="text-align:right;"| 61.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 33,285 | style="text-align:right;"| 520 | [[ከተማ ሳን ማሪኖ]] |[[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]] |- | align="center" |16 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ስሎቫክያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Slovakia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ስሎቫክያ]] <br>ስሎቫክያዊት ሪፓብሊክ | style="text-align:center;"| 1993 | style="text-align:right;"| 49,035 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,435,343 | style="text-align:right;"| 111.0 | [[ብራቲስላቫ]] |[[ቋንቋ ስሎቫክኛ|ስሎቫክኛ]] |- | align="center" |17 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ስሎቬንያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Slovenia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ስሎቬንያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ስሎቬንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 20,273 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,066,880 | style="text-align:right;"| 101.8 | [[ልዩብልያና]] |[[ቋንቋ ስሎቬንኛ|ስሎቬንኛ]] |- | align="center" |18 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ስዊዘርላንድ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ስዊዘርላንድ]] <br>ኮንፈደረሽን ስዊዘርላንድ | style="text-align:center;"| 1815 | style="text-align:right;"| 41,285 | style="text-align:right;"| 8,401,120 | style="text-align:right;"| 202 | [[በርን]] |[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]]/[[ቋንቋ ሮማንሽ|ሮማንሽ]] |- | align="center" |19 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ስጳኛ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Spain.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ስጳኛ]] <br>ንግስነት ስጳኛ | style="text-align:center;"| 1516 | style="text-align:right;"| 505,990 | style="text-align:right;"| 46,698,151 | style="text-align:right;"| 92 | [[ማድሪድ]] |[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ካታላንኛ|ካታላንኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ጋሊስኛ|ጋሊስኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ባስክኛ|ባስክኛ]] |- | align="center" |20 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሽወደን}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Shield of arms of Sweden.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሽወደን]] <br>ንግስነት ሽወደን | style="text-align:center;"| 1523 | style="text-align:right;"| 450,295 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,151,588 | style="text-align:right;"| 22.5 | [[ስቶክሆልም]] |[[ቋንቋ ሽወደንኛ|ሽወደንኛ]] |- | align="center" |21 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቆጵሮስ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Cyprus.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቆጵሮስ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ቆጵሮስ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 9,251 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,170,125 | style="text-align:right;"| 123.4 | [[ኒኮስያ]] |[[ቋንቋ ግሪኽኛ|ግሪኽኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ|ቱርክኛ]] |- | align="center" |22 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቡልጋርያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Bulgaria (version by constitution).svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቡልጋርያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ቡልጋርያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 110,910 | style="text-align:right;"| 7,101,859 | style="text-align:right;"| 64.9 | [[ሶፍያ]] |[[ቋንቋ ቡልጋርኛ|ቡልጋርኛ]] |- | align="center" |23 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቤላሩስ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Belarus.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቤላሩስ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ቤላሩስ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 207,560 | style="text-align:right;"| 9,504,700 | style="text-align:right;"| 45.8 | [[ሚንስክ]] |[[ቋንቋ ቤላሩስኛ|ቤላሩስኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሩስኛ]] |- | align="center" |24 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቤልጅዩም}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Royal Arms of Belgium.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቤልጅዩም]] <br>ንግስነት ቤልጅዩም | style="text-align:center;"| 1830 | style="text-align:right;"| 30,528 | style="text-align:right;"| 11,358,357 | style="text-align:right;"| 372.06 | [[ብራስልስ]] |[[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]] |- | align="center" |25 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ብሪጣንያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of the United Kingdom.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ብሪጣንያ]] <br>ሕቡራት ምድረ ነገስት ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ሰሜን ኣየርላንድን | style="text-align:center;"| 1801 | style="text-align:right;"| 244,820 | style="text-align:right;"| 66,040,229 | style="text-align:right;"| 270.7 | [[ሎንደን]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ዌልስኛ|ዌልስኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ስኮትላንዳዊ ጋኤልኛ|ስኮትላንዳዊ ጋኤልኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ኣየርላንድኛ|ኣየርላንድኛ]] |- | align="center" |26 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቦዝንያን ሄርዘጎቪናን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቦዝንያን ሄርዘጎቪናን]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1992 | style="text-align:right;"| 51,129 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,531,159 | style="text-align:right;"| 68.97 | [[ሳራየቮ]] |[[ቋንቋ ቦዝንያንኛ|ቦዝንያንኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ክሮኤሽኛ|ክሮኤሽኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ሰርብኛ|ሰርብኛ]] |- | align="center" |27 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቱርኪ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Turkey.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቱርኪ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ | style="text-align:center;"| 1923 | style="text-align:right;"| 783,356 | style="text-align:right;"| 80,810,525 | style="text-align:right;"| 105 | [[ኣንካራ]] |[[ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ|ቱርክኛ]] |- | align="center" |28 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኔዘርላንድ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Royal Arms of the Netherlands.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኔዘርላንድ]] <br>ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ | style="text-align:center;"| 1815 | style="text-align:right;"| 41,543 | style="text-align:right;"| 17,271,990 | style="text-align:right;"| 414.9 | [[ኣምስተርዳም]] |[[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]] |- | align="center" |29 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኖርወይ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Blason Norvège.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኖርወይ]] <br>ንግስነት ኖርወይ | style="text-align:center;"| 1905 | style="text-align:right;"| 385,203 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,295,619 | style="text-align:right;"| 15.8 | [[ኦስሎ]] |[[ቋንቋ ኖርወይኛ|ኖርወይኛ]] |- | align="center" |30 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኢጣልያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Italy.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኢጣልያ]] <br>ኢጣልያዊት ሪፓብሊክ | style="text-align:center;"| 1861 | style="text-align:right;"| 301,338 | style="text-align:right;"| 60,589,445 | style="text-align:right;"| 201.3 | [[ሮማ]] |[[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]] |- | align="center" |31 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣልባንያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣልባንያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኣልባንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1912 | style="text-align:right;"| 28,748 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,876,591 | style="text-align:right;"| 98.5 | [[ቲራና]] |[[ቋንቋ ኣልባንኛ|ኣልባንኛ]] |- | align="center" |32 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣርሜንያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Armenia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣርሜንያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኣርሜንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 29,743 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,924,816 | style="text-align:right;"| 101.5 | [[የረቫን]] |[[ቋንቋ ኣርሜንኛ|ኣርሜንኛ]] |- | align="center" |33 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣንዶራ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Andorra.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣንዶራ]] <br>ምድረ ልኡል ኣንዶራ | style="text-align:center;"| 1278 | style="text-align:right;"| 468 | style="text-align:right;"| 77,281 | style="text-align:right;"| 179.8 | [[ኣንዶራ ላ ቬላ]] |[[ቋንቋ ካታላንኛ|ካታላንኛ]] |- | align="center" |34 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣዘርባጃን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣዘርባጃን]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኣዘርባጃን | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 86,600 | style="text-align:right;"| 9,911,646 | style="text-align:right;"| 113 | [[ባኩ]] |[[ቋንቋ ኣዘርኛ|ኣዘርኛ]] |- | align="center" |35 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣየርላንድ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of the Republic of Ireland.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣየርላንድ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኣየርላንድ | style="text-align:center;"| 1937 | style="text-align:right;"| 70,280 | style="text-align:right;"| 4,761,865 | style="text-align:right;"| 67.7 | [[ደብሊን]] |[[ቋንቋ ኣየርላንድኛ|ኣየርላንድኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |36 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣይስላንድ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Iceland.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣይስላንድ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1944 | style="text-align:right;"| 103,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 350,710 | style="text-align:right;"| 3.2 | [[ረይክያቪክ]] |[[ቋንቋ ኣይስላንድኛ|ኣይስላንድኛ]] |- | align="center" |37 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኤስቶንያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Small coat of arms of Estonia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኤስቶንያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኤስቶንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 45,226 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,319,133 | style="text-align:right;"| 28 | [[ታሊን]] |[[ቋንቋ ኤስቶንኛ|ኤስቶንኛ]] |- | align="center" |38 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኦስትርያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Austria coat of arms official.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኦስትርያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኦስትርያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1918 | style="text-align:right;"| 83,858 | style="text-align:right;"| 8,823,054 | style="text-align:right;"| 104 | [[ቭየና]] |[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]] |- | align="center" |39 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ከተማ ቫቲካን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of the Vatican City.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ከተማ ቫቲካን]] <br>መንግስተ-ከተማ ቫቲካን | style="text-align:center;"| 1929 | style="text-align:right;"| 0.44 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,272 | ከተማ ቫቲካን |[[ላቲን]]/[[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]] |- | align="center" |40 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ካዛኪስታን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ካዛኪስታን]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ካዛኪስታን | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,724,900 | style="text-align:right;"| 17,987,736 | style="text-align:right;"| 6.49 | [[ኑር-ሱልታን]] |[[ቋንቋ ካዛክኛ|ካዛክኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሩስኛ]] |- | align="center" |41 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ክሮኤሽያ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Croatia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ክሮኤሽያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ክሮኤሽያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 56,542 | style="text-align:right;"| 4,284,889 | style="text-align:right;"| 75.8 | [[ዛግረብ]] |[[ቋንቋ ክሮኤሽኛ|ክሮኤሽኛ]] |- | align="center" |42 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ዩክሬን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ዩክሬን]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 603,628 | style="text-align:right;"| 42,418,235 | style="text-align:right;"| 73.8 | [[ኪየቭ]] |[[ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ዩክሬንኛ]] |- | align="center" |43 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ደንማርክ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:National Coat of arms of Denmark no crown.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ደንማርክ]] <br>ንግስነት ደንማርክ | style="text-align:center;"| 935 | style="text-align:right;"| 43,094 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,748,796 | style="text-align:right;"| 133.9 | [[ኮፐንሃገን]] |[[ቋንቋ ዳንኛ|ዳንኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፋሮኛ|ፋሮኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ግሪንላንድኛ|ግሪንላንድኛ]] |- | align="center" |44 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጀርመን}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጀርመን]] <br>ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ጀርመን | style="text-align:center;"| 1871 | style="text-align:right;"| 357,168 | style="text-align:right;"| 82,800,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 232 | [[በርሊን]] |[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]] |- | align="center" |45 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጆርጅያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of Georgia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጆርጅያ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1991 | style="text-align:right;"| 69,700 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,718,200 | style="text-align:right;"| 53.5 | [[ትብሊሲ]] |[[ቋንቋ ጆርጅኛ|ጆርጅኛ]] |- | align="center" |46 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ግሪኽ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Lesser coat of arms of Greece.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ግሪኽ]] <br>ሄለኒካዊት ሪፓብሊክ | style="text-align:center;"| 1832 | style="text-align:right;"| 131,957 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,768,477 | style="text-align:right;"| 82 | [[ኣቴንስ]] |[[ቋንቋ ግሪኽኛ|ግሪኽኛ]] |- | align="center" |47 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ፈረንሳ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Arms of the French Republic.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፈረንሳ]] <br>ፈረንሳዊት ሪፓብሊክ | style="text-align:center;"| 843 | style="text-align:right;"| 547,030 | style="text-align:right;"| 67,348,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 116 | [[ፓሪስ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |48 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ፊንላንድ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of Arms of Finland Alternative style.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፊንላንድ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ፊንላንድ | style="text-align:center;"| 1918 | style="text-align:right;"| 338,455 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,509,717 | style="text-align:right;"| 16 | [[ሄልሲንኪ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፊንኛ|ፊንኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ሽወደንኛ|ሽወደንኛ]] |- | align="center" |49 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ፖላንድ}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Herb Polski.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፖላንድ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1918 | style="text-align:right;"| 312,685 | style="text-align:right;"| 38,422,346 | style="text-align:right;"| 123.5 | [[ዋርሳው]] |[[ቋንቋ ፖላንድኛ|ፖላንድኛ]] |- | align="center" |50 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ፖርቱጋል}} {{Flagdeco|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Shield of the Kingdom of Portugal (1481-1910).png|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፖርቱጋል]] <br>ፖርቱጋላዊት ሪፓብሊክ | style="text-align:center;"| 1139 | style="text-align:right;"| 92,212 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,379,537 | style="text-align:right;"| 115 | [[ሊዝቦን]] |[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] |-class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;" | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:center;"| ጠቕላላ | style="text-align:right;"| 10,180,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 743,000,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 73 | style="text-align:right;"| | colspan="2" | |} == መወከሲታት == {{reflist|1}} [[መደብ:ኤውሮጳ]] bln3372f4kmc3qacanwgd6c7zw26b15 0 2517 20766 16514 2020-06-18T05:04:06Z 186.143.161.216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|400px|]] '''ዲሞክራሲ ''' (Democracy ካብ ግሪክ ዝተወስደ ቃል) ዲሞ ማለት ህዝቢ ክኸውን ከሎ ክራሲ ድማ መንግስቲ ማለት እዩ። ህዝቢ ዝሓረዮ ምምሕዳር/ስልጣን መንግስቲ ዝምራሕ ሃገር ማለት ኢዩ ። [[Category:ዲሞክራሲ]] 5e23g0dsb43hj4pd4dlolg7p14jbrq5 0 2519 7595 2009-06-26T04:14:18Z 125.25.68.160 Redirected page to [[ባዮሎጂ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ባዮሎጂ]] hqknypnmdyug4y7xuw2p7vaze2b0wod 10 2520 16739 16385 2013-03-11T10:35:51Z Legobot 2636 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 274 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4844001]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Redirectltr.png|#REDIRECT ]]<span class="redirectText" id="softredirect">[[{{{1}}}]]</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%; padding-left:52px;">This page is a [[:w:Wikipedia:Soft redirect|soft redirect]].</span><noinclude> </noinclude> 0plrqqczrchr1heykdu948ryo5rlrn5 0 2523 24563 24560 2023-11-08T08:50:50Z Wutsje 733 rv wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{ሓበሬታ መርበብ ሓበሬታ |ኣርማ = [[ፋይል:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|160px]] |ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Wikipedia Main Page.png|300px]] |እግሪ_ምስሊ = መበገሲ ገጽ ዊኪፐድያ ብእንግሊዝኛ ብ19 ሓምለ 2020 |ስም = ዊኪፐድያ |ዓውዲ = [//www.wikipedia.org/ https://www.wikipedia.org/] |ንግዳዊ = ኣይኮነን |ቋንቋ = 321 ቋንቋታት |መዕጸዊ=|ተጠቀምቲ = [http://wikistats.wmflabs.org/display.php?t=wp > 300 765] ንጡፋት ተጠቀምትን <br> [http://wikistats.wmflabs.org/display.php?t=wp > 81 997 155] ዝተመዝገቡ ተጠቀምትን |ምዝገባ = ኣማራጽያዊ |ወናኒ = [[መሰረት ዊኪሜድያ]] |እዋናዊ_ኩነት = ኣብ ቀጻሊ ምዕባለ |እቶት = ወፈያታት ካብ [[መሰረት ዊኪሜድያ|ዊኪሜድያ]] |ትግርኛ = እወ }} '''ዊኪፐድያ''' ናጻ፣ [[ሕብረ ልሳናዊ|ሕብረ ልሳናው]]ን ብሓባራዊ መንገዲ ዝተመዓራረየን [[ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ]] (መዘገበ ፍልጠት) እዩ። ኣብ መርበብ ናጻ [[ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ]] ንምፍጣር ፕሮጀክት እዩ። ኩሉ ሰብ ፍልጠቱ ኣብ ዝኾነ ኣርእስቲ ብኩሉ ሰብኣዊ ጥበብ ማዕከን ዳታ ንምፍጣር ከበርክት ይኽእል እዩ። ብ15 ጥሪ 2001 ብ[[ጂሚ ዌልስ]]ን [[ላሪ ሳንገር]]ን እዩ ተፈጢሩ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ [[ኢንተርነት]] ዝዓበየን ህቡብን መወከሲ ስራሕ እዩ። 8hy683a296px4uktn3wmu13zyyxdrm4 0 2524 23784 23743 2022-08-06T11:02:12Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki ቁልጡፍ ሰራዒ / Quicksort ኣብ ስነ-ኮምፒተር እቲ ክዊክሶርት ኣገባብ ሓደ ካብቶም ዝቀልጠፉ ኣገባባት እዩ ሓደ ዓውዲ (Array) ንምስራዕ። እቲ ዓወይ ከኣ ካልእ ትሕዝቶ ክህልዎ ይኽእል። መፍትሒ ናይ ክዊክሶርት እቲ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ „መቀለ ድሓር ሰፈነ“ (= divide and conquer) እዩ። ቅድም ነቲ ዓቢ ሽግር ኣብ ንኣሽቱ ሽግራት ትመቅሎ፣ ድሓር ነቶም ንኣሽቱ ሽግራት ንምፍታሕ ይቀልል እዩ። ሽዑ ስጉም ብስጉም ነቲ ዓቢ ሽግር ትፈትሖ ማለት እዩ። ስለዚ ከኣ እዚ ኣገባብ „መቀለ ድሓር ሰፈነ“ ይበሃል፥ ሓደ ባእታ ካብቲ ዓውዲ ትወስድ (ኣየናይ ባእታ ከምትወስድ ኣገዳሲ ኣይኮነን) ነቲ ዓውዲ ምእንቲ ኣብ መኣከሉ ክትመቅሎ። ድሓር ነቶም ካልኦት ካብቲ ቀንዲ ባእታ ዝንእሱ ባእታታት ኣብ ጸጋም ትገብሮም፣ ነቶም ካልኦት ካብቲ ቀንዲ ባእታ ዝዓበዩ ባእታታት ኣብ የማን ትገብሮም። ድሓር ልክዕ ነዚ ዕማም ትደግሞ፣ ነቲ ሓድሽ ዝወጸ ክፋል ናይቲ ዓውዲ ትመቅሎ፣ ሽዑ ነቲ ሓድሽ ክፋል ትሰርዖ። ድሓር ሙሉእ ዓውዲ ምስ ሰርዓኻ፡ እቶም ባእታታት ኣብቲ ዓውዲ (ትሕዝቶ ዓውዲ) ኩሎም ተሰሪዖም ኣለው። እዚ’ቲ ቀንዲ ሽጣራ ናይቲ ክዊክሶርት ኣገባብ እዩ። ነቲ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ „መቀለ ድሓር ሰፈነ“ ኣብ ብዙሕ ዝተፋላለዩ ነገራት ኣብ ውሽጢ ሶፍትዌር ወይ ስነ-ኮምፒተር ይጥቀምሉ እዩ። ኣብ ውሽጢ’ቲ ፕሮግራም ወይ ኮድ ሕሳባዊ ፍልጠት ከኣ ክህልወካ ኣለዎ። ስነ-ኮምፒተር ብዘይ ሕሳብ ሙት እዩ። መብርሂ ናይ ክዊክሶርት፥ [[ፋይል:quicksort.jpg|center|700px|]] እቲ ዝስዕብ ኣገባብ (= function) ነቲ ቀንዲ ባእታ ይደሊ፣ ነቲ ዓውዲ (files[ ]) ከኣ ይመቅሎ፥ ቀንዲ ባእታ = Pivot [[ፋይል:quicksort2.jpg|center|700px|]] [[ፋይል:quicksort3.jpg|center|700px|]] r53ad0ifhso70bobn4cd2c6qn4bzmuo 14 2538 17047 17046 2013-08-07T18:55:05Z Codex Sinaiticus 157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ቋንቋ]] m28r9oc28wmp6qxilrkjdxutjz3imo2 10 2591 8462 2010-01-29T11:19:56Z 193.49.64.12 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: †††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††... wikitext text/x-wiki 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††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† lz7u18tdk0ekhye7hicdhqdarjwnfmb 10 2625 8658 2010-03-30T08:45:53Z 213.100.130.170 selamat yehwat wikitext text/x-wiki selamat yehwat dz1a7a7apv2lawskuzrt8dnflwitrme 0 2641 19273 19272 2018-08-08T23:50:22Z PiRSquared17 1417 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/41.244.230.239|41.244.230.239]] ([[User talk:41.244.230.239|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki መጀመርታ ነዚ ዘዳለወ ውልቀሰብ ወይ ጉጅለ ከመስጊን ደስ ይብለኒ ፣ ብምቅጻል ነዚ ተታሒዙ ዘሎ መደብ ብዝሓየለ መልክዑ ኪድፋኣሉ ይላቦ ስለዚ ናይ ኮምፒተር ትምህርቲ በዚ ዌብ ሳይት ኪመሓላለፍ ተኽእሎ ተሎ ሕእደራ፣ [[Category:ትምህርቲ]] gupsmyexsoustmdlm8lylxvxttuykcs 0 2729 20269 20260 2020-03-01T09:21:44Z Martin Urbanec 4511 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890ABCI|123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890ABCI]] ([[User talk:123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890ABCI|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Til Eulenspiegel|Til Eulenspiegel]] wikitext text/x-wiki አዚ ኣብ መዳይ ሕክምና ሕፈሻዊ ሓበሬታ ንምሃብ ዝዓለመ እዩ። ዝርዝራዊ ትሕዝቶ ኣብ ዝመጽእ ተኽታተል። [[Category:ሕክምና| ]] rdsp5ozwbxrj8dk9ui28ajwemab4pe3 8 2754 16130 15393 2013-02-07T01:36:11Z Pgehres (WMF) 2020 Updating sidebar link to use subst:CONTENTLANGUAGE wikitext text/x-wiki //donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ti.wikipedia.org&uselang=ti fg28nvhsyw3ujp1sydwj4s8j76jwprj 0 2755 24499 21575 2023-09-15T06:11:33Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃንስ ማርቲን ሱተርማይስተር''' (1907 ኣብ [[ሽሎስሩወድ]] - 1977 ኣብ [[ባዝል]]) ናይ ስዊስ [[ሕክምና|ሓኪምን]] ናይ ፓለቲካ ሰብን ኣንጻር ዘይፍትሓዊ መሰላት ተቓላሳይን ዝነበረን :: {{stub}} [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] ayuiqdh65gvaov0sk0c3k8f0waqy9w8 14 2757 17989 17048 2015-08-29T23:17:03Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Education}} [[Category:ኣስተዋጽኦ ፍልጠት]] mj1jppgsopc6sy1261slirs9fs64p4e 0 2758 18298 18297 2016-04-06T11:14:13Z 80.43.42.219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|thumb]] [[File:Australia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|ኣውስትራሊያ]] '''ኣውስትራሊያ''' * [[ዘመናዊ ደቡብ ወይልዝ]] * [[ደቡብ ኣውስትራሊያ]] * [[ቪክቶሪያ]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] p8nkkilhsq67g1n3idihphmedq8kj0h 0 2759 24503 23877 2023-09-15T06:19:29Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ናይ ኣውስትራሊያ ቀይሕ መስቀል''' [[ፋይል:Australianstamp 1622.jpg|left|thumb|The Australian postage stamp (1954) commemorated for Australian Red Cross Society]] [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] juygkzavgkaefqpkwpi31hv01vrxkrj 14 2760 17946 16522 2015-08-29T22:46:37Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Biology}} [[Category:ኣስተዋጽኦ ፍልጠት]] kltdbikfld0t28qr53a4cjwcbapny8s 0 2761 23835 22986 2022-08-07T07:15:01Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 5em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:5em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 0123456789 |- |} '''ቁጽሪ''' እዩ ሕሳባዊ ነገር ኔሩ ናብ ፍቕዲ, መስፈር , ድማ ምልክት. nኣብነት, 1,2,3,4,5. == ሓደ - ትሽዓተ == {| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="10" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | | | ብትግርኛ |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |0 | | |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |፩ |[[ሓደ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |፪ |[[ክልተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |፫ |[[ሰለስተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |፬ |[[ኣርባዕተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |፭ |[[ሓሙሽተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |6 |፮ |[[ሹዱሽተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |7 |፯ |[[ሸውዓተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |8 |፰ |[[ሾመንተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |9 |፱ |[[ትሽዓተ]] |} == ዓሰርተ - ቴስዓ == {| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="10" |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |10 |፲ |[[ዓሰርተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |20 |፳ |[[ዕስራ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |30 |፴ |[[ሰላሳ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |40 |፵ |[[ኣርብዓ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |50 |፶ |[[ሓምሳ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |60 |፷ |[[ስሳ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |70 |፸ |[[ሰብዓ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |80 |፹ |[[ሰማንያ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |90 |፺ |[[ቴስዓ]] |} == ዓሰርተ ሓደ - ቴስዓ ትሽዓተን == {| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="10" |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |11 |፲፩ |[[ዓሰርተ ሓደ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |12 |፲፪ |[[ዓሰርተ ክልተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |13 |፲፫ |[[ዓሰርተ ሰለስተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |14 |፲፬ |[[ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |15 |፲፭ |[[ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |16 |፲፮ |[[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |17 |፲፯ |[[ዓሰርተ ሸውዓተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |18 |፲፰ |[[ዓሰርተ ሾመንተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |19 |፲፱ |[[ዓሰርተ ትሽዓተ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |21 | | |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |22 | | |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |23 | | |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |24 | | |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |25 |፳፭ |[[ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን]] |} == ሚእቲ - ... == {| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="10" |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |100 |፻ |[[ሚእቲ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |500 |፭፻ |[[ሓሙሽተ ሚእቲ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1000 |፲፻ |[[ሓደ ሺሕ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5000 |፶፻ |[[ሓሙሽተ ሺሕ]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1000000 | |[[ሓደ ሚሊዮን]] |} == == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111012144721/http://eritreanrefugees.org/files/Dictionary-Numbers-2.pdf እንግሊዝኛ፡ስእላዊ፡መዝገበቃላት። ቁጽርታት] [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት|*]] 38vmgfqjuooqryxsbjratahi9jt6wgd 14 2762 23785 17947 2022-08-06T12:38:20Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Numbers}} [[መደብ:ትምህርቲ ሕሳብ]] 9b04d5o4oo1pn7qeywvmccr7a8mwn4x 0 2763 23839 21587 2022-08-07T07:16:30Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፩ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 1 |- |} '''ሓደ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፩። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] rwo59cxbx1s04h33x8rq9s9cgbb2031 0 2764 9544 2010-12-01T15:08:26Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓደ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓደ]] enqgykui9yi7jelesnklyhby7a6g86v 0 2765 9545 2010-12-01T15:08:45Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓደ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓደ]] enqgykui9yi7jelesnklyhby7a6g86v 0 2766 23788 21616 2022-08-06T12:39:07Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፪ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 2 |- |} '''ክልተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፪። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] bqhhklbprdjhdni26v3o54bixr9gi4m 0 2767 9547 2010-12-01T15:13:44Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ክልተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ክልተ]] ipywlybjcpcz5txmnyb8d0j30c75xl3 0 2768 9548 2010-12-01T15:13:57Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ክልተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ክልተ]] ipywlybjcpcz5txmnyb8d0j30c75xl3 0 2769 23843 21598 2022-08-07T07:17:45Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፫ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 3 |- |} '''ሰለስተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፫። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] 89rqhk1sqejl8ro1z1nyyefc85513xm 0 2770 9550 2010-12-01T15:15:39Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰለስተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰለስተ]] cmub1sws06ibxr996750fdyq720ts66 0 2771 9551 2010-12-01T15:15:50Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰለስተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰለስተ]] cmub1sws06ibxr996750fdyq720ts66 0 2772 23853 21636 2022-08-07T07:20:57Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፬ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 4 |- |} '''ኣርባዕተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፬። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] 5117g1hzz12dw2vmn2g6wfugjy0fzys 0 2773 9553 2010-12-01T15:22:03Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ኣርባዕተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣርባዕተ]] gal56q48szr26hfzjp50svzhgbjepfx 0 2774 9554 2010-12-01T15:22:15Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ኣርባዕተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣርባዕተ]] gal56q48szr26hfzjp50svzhgbjepfx 0 2775 23786 21580 2022-08-06T12:38:38Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፭ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 5 |- |} '''ሓሙሽተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፭። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] ekdmbi581mhljaqw5qecwb01xnfbpkw 0 2776 9556 2010-12-01T15:25:13Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓሙሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓሙሽተ]] odlk3pe0bqrc8qmv6mnan85ye1j173x 0 2777 9557 2010-12-01T15:25:34Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓሙሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓሙሽተ]] odlk3pe0bqrc8qmv6mnan85ye1j173x 0 2778 23849 21607 2022-08-07T07:19:29Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፮ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 6 |- |} '''ሹዱሽተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፮። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] si2gjbsctaxf5g5getj3jpqr67xg8t9 0 2779 9559 2010-12-01T15:29:03Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሹዱሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሹዱሽተ]] aefqn58zx19db0jcj3ww2gf5v3yxx9f 0 2780 9560 2010-12-01T15:29:37Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሹዱሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሹዱሽተ]] aefqn58zx19db0jcj3ww2gf5v3yxx9f 0 2781 23848 21606 2022-08-07T07:19:11Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፯ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 7 |- |} '''ሸውዓተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፯። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] cl792we5kf6598daur74asy42amt57r 0 2782 9562 2010-12-01T15:32:00Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሸውዓተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሸውዓተ]] kd7s6vmjryfpazaez0cm63jeaka52qt 0 2783 9563 2010-12-01T15:32:11Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሸውዓተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሸውዓተ]] kd7s6vmjryfpazaez0cm63jeaka52qt 0 2784 23850 21608 2022-08-07T07:20:00Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፰ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 8 |- |} '''ሾመንተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፰። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] csbtyg2j8w9ky32vthn2xxl5otr58im 0 2785 9565 2010-12-01T15:34:11Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሾመንተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሾመንተ]] m7vhec6z1qy1qsejnant3troku6p45q 0 2786 9566 2010-12-01T15:34:26Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሾመንተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሾመንተ]] m7vhec6z1qy1qsejnant3troku6p45q 0 2787 23852 21623 2022-08-07T07:20:39Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፱ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 9 |- |} '''ትሽዓተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፱። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] 38amfw2rbs493p1uu3uj5quecc7slge 0 2788 9568 2010-12-01T15:36:31Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ትሽዓተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ትሽዓተ]] c8tzq3v483ugqtlb8nm932dxpam9gbq 0 2789 9569 2010-12-01T15:36:42Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ትሽዓተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ትሽዓተ]] c8tzq3v483ugqtlb8nm932dxpam9gbq 0 2791 23789 21634 2022-08-06T12:39:24Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 10 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] dvc0de7aec7ok3qjuhbrx0pvl7lv5za 0 2792 9577 2010-12-01T16:09:55Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ]] 9tya9ppgkrvp6stilirsk10o2rcosv0 0 2793 9578 2010-12-01T16:10:13Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ]] 9tya9ppgkrvp6stilirsk10o2rcosv0 0 2794 23791 21627 2022-08-06T12:39:51Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፩ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 11 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ሓደ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፩። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] qdyt76qcwmd26v0wd4szrm8dburhq43 0 2795 9580 2010-12-01T16:13:11Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሓደ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሓደ]] hv5bxplw23bgwmj0bslb32cwx0u9cny 0 2796 9581 2010-12-01T16:13:23Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሓደ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሓደ]] hv5bxplw23bgwmj0bslb32cwx0u9cny 0 2797 23798 21625 2022-08-06T12:41:23Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፪ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 12 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ክልተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፪። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] ihtkg8e6z0t05sio9jxnivztqug6vyu 0 2798 9583 2010-12-01T16:15:59Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ክልተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ክልተ]] ch9zr95xjaxdufc56pwlj6g1lv9uvxn 0 2799 9584 2010-12-01T16:16:15Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ክልተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ክልተ]] ch9zr95xjaxdufc56pwlj6g1lv9uvxn 0 2800 23792 21628 2022-08-06T12:40:05Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፫ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 13 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ሰለስተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፫። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] altby72c5ze2gj9bjjabboz5w2ivqoh 0 2801 9587 2010-12-01T16:18:26Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሰለስተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሰለስተ]] 9vl2afabsp4e1oaij6l9e45l8nx0zml 0 2802 9588 2010-12-01T16:18:36Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሰለስተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሰለስተ]] 9vl2afabsp4e1oaij6l9e45l8nx0zml 0 2803 23797 21633 2022-08-06T12:41:11Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፬ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 14 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፬። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] ds7oojkz4iupqzlf78wt5mqybb5aput 0 2804 9591 2010-12-01T16:23:10Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ]] 1e55cb6znsrknt79syj8rbb6s7io5zg 0 2805 9592 2010-12-01T16:23:22Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ]] 1e55cb6znsrknt79syj8rbb6s7io5zg 0 2806 23790 21626 2022-08-06T12:39:37Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፭ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 15 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፭። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] 2d77fvxmap858qc91qvjjuo4ydied7x 0 2807 9594 2010-12-01T16:25:10Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ]] tftd40p4lx6uu0k05bwxfjlk0hgxdii 0 2808 9595 2010-12-01T16:25:21Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ]] tftd40p4lx6uu0k05bwxfjlk0hgxdii 0 2809 23794 21630 2022-08-06T12:40:33Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፮ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 16 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፮። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] bqozjhxrnfyg1eh7q9tibrawi7g0fme 0 2810 9597 2010-12-01T16:27:53Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] l80h9u5rm3rml9kw04dyl46ttb3qy6r 0 2811 9598 2010-12-01T16:28:08Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] l80h9u5rm3rml9kw04dyl46ttb3qy6r 0 2812 23793 21629 2022-08-06T12:40:19Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፯ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 17 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ሸውዓተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፯። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] fpcz0brhi1vfkmcpz7f9dnxibubeqry 0 2813 9600 2010-12-01T16:31:43Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] l80h9u5rm3rml9kw04dyl46ttb3qy6r 0 2814 9601 2010-12-01T16:32:02Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሹዱሽተ]] l80h9u5rm3rml9kw04dyl46ttb3qy6r 0 2815 23795 21631 2022-08-06T12:40:46Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፰ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 18 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ሾመንተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፰። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] 9nckb7x5hwwl20yh9djcm5vzl104m92 0 2816 9603 2010-12-01T16:34:30Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሾመንተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሾመንተ]] 9iyss63rsbz7q3w835vw4euwjam494e 0 2817 9604 2010-12-01T16:34:46Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ሾመንተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ሾመንተ]] 9iyss63rsbz7q3w835vw4euwjam494e 0 2818 23796 21632 2022-08-06T12:40:59Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፱ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 19 |- |} '''ዓሰርተ ትሽዓተ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፱። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] cai77sw9ro4349m2z1ffs07firzflrz 0 2819 9606 2010-12-01T16:36:32Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ትሽዓተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ትሽዓተ]] 0m65jm183nus0eqmyx6aw8kwd1u5etk 0 2820 9607 2010-12-01T16:36:45Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዓሰርተ ትሽዓተ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዓሰርተ ትሽዓተ]] 0m65jm183nus0eqmyx6aw8kwd1u5etk 0 2821 23800 21571 2022-08-06T12:41:49Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፳፭ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 25 |- |} '''ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፳፭። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] r9gdqqwxhwwk53jnpmf9uac5x9lr8ol 0 2822 9609 2010-12-01T16:48:27Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን]] b95yug7mbs651jrcazwvaz7peq8umvp 0 2823 9610 2010-12-01T16:48:38Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዕስራን ሓሙሽተን]] b95yug7mbs651jrcazwvaz7peq8umvp 0 2824 23799 21572 2022-08-06T12:41:36Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፳ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 20 |- |} '''ዕስራ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፳። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] p5f5y881npb52cls3gdh2k4lykgxq0g 0 2825 9612 2010-12-01T16:53:36Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዕስራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዕስራ]] kbqp95d9zp9qea6v08lgez5vxzyi54q 0 2826 9613 2010-12-01T16:53:50Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ዕስራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዕስራ]] kbqp95d9zp9qea6v08lgez5vxzyi54q 0 2827 23844 21599 2022-08-07T07:18:00Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፴ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 30 |- |} '''ሰላሳ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፴። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] k77ie35so10cdo0cd8272no6n7s38tg 0 2828 9615 2010-12-01T16:55:56Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰላሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰላሳ]] 0njvoowb53jvt5waq2hwxhk18kwxubo 0 2829 9616 2010-12-01T16:56:15Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰላሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰላሳ]] 0njvoowb53jvt5waq2hwxhk18kwxubo 0 2830 23787 21635 2022-08-06T12:38:50Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፵ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 40 |- |} '''ኣርብዓ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፵። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] iy2th79lsxkeiir5jrnsxbkj3gbsdmv 0 2831 9618 2010-12-01T16:58:53Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ኣርብዓ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣርብዓ]] 4e39mjhtb5mgxy8esrdozt5jxl6ci0k 0 2832 9619 2010-12-01T16:59:07Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ኣርብዓ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣርብዓ]] 4e39mjhtb5mgxy8esrdozt5jxl6ci0k 0 2833 23838 21583 2022-08-07T07:16:09Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፶ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 50 |- |} '''ሓምሳ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፷። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] btleaav6rav3zvag0fuy3p1oyfmjlge 0 2834 9621 2010-12-01T17:01:26Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓምሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓምሳ]] dbxwmsrqzvzldl9c0ttmbz0oum92b7s 0 2835 9622 2010-12-01T17:01:46Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓምሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓምሳ]] dbxwmsrqzvzldl9c0ttmbz0oum92b7s 0 2836 23847 21605 2022-08-07T07:18:54Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፷ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 60 |- |} '''ስሳ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፷። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] k5dvn3fyj1br605nmmkchk1jsfylcpd 0 2837 9624 2010-12-01T17:03:21Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ስሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስሳ]] f2fmel5n590yfb9qn34wdfzi90upezi 0 2838 9625 2010-12-01T17:03:37Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ስሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስሳ]] f2fmel5n590yfb9qn34wdfzi90upezi 0 2839 23846 21601 2022-08-07T07:18:39Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፸ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 70 |- |} '''ሰብዓ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፸። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] dkgzg9xtxbbztf0d6kyxtkk9sdt8ipw 0 2840 9627 2010-12-01T17:05:52Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰብዓ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰብዓ]] 8o200mfhdnj84an9jvpgq8ku4nxkx11 0 2841 9628 2010-12-01T17:06:06Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰብዓ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰብዓ]] 8o200mfhdnj84an9jvpgq8ku4nxkx11 0 2842 23845 21600 2022-08-07T07:18:17Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፹ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 80 |- |} '''ሰማንያ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፹። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] 7bktditjctb9c6hsgifz5m098ovk9ir 0 2843 9630 2010-12-01T17:07:52Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰማንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰማንያ]] bpv6baiirl0j7m7yxbtuhao441ov0qb 0 2844 9631 2010-12-01T17:08:03Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሰማንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሰማንያ]] bpv6baiirl0j7m7yxbtuhao441ov0qb 0 2845 23851 21613 2022-08-07T07:20:19Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፺ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 90 |- |} '''ቴስዓ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፺። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] sesdg6v87uejdppvchaflguzr4149am 0 2846 9633 2010-12-01T17:14:10Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ቴስዓ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቴስዓ]] 1fp8p185c1xa1r9z7eeyhn83ehe00sf 0 2847 9634 2010-12-01T17:14:33Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ቴስዓ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቴስዓ]] 1fp8p185c1xa1r9z7eeyhn83ehe00sf 0 2848 23842 21596 2022-08-07T07:17:29Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፻ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 100 |- |} '''ሚእቲ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፻። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] lgwv3fvvrbrfnuu1b5pl5corfyo0g2v 0 2849 9636 2010-12-01T17:17:04Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሚእቲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሚእቲ]] 5rnx25fr749ukhpymqm0yaiht7b09sr 0 2850 9637 2010-12-01T17:17:16Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሚእቲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሚእቲ]] 5rnx25fr749ukhpymqm0yaiht7b09sr 0 2851 24492 23836 2023-09-15T05:56:46Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፭፻ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 500 |- |} '''ሓሙሽተ ሚእቲ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፭፻። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] csxpb638pxkypagrtd7s8wdvou5eiji 0 2852 9639 2010-12-01T17:19:35Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓሙሽተ ሚእቲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓሙሽተ ሚእቲ]] chne28k1av1vatsnjnffs5552n2q3oe 0 2853 9640 2010-12-01T17:19:47Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓሙሽተ ሚእቲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓሙሽተ ሚእቲ]] chne28k1av1vatsnjnffs5552n2q3oe 0 2854 23841 21589 2022-08-07T07:17:12Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፲፻ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:5em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 1000 |- |} '''ሓደ ሺሕ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፲፻። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] ceeg0x5qdbgjmb71h3k99nhog03yda4 0 2855 9642 2010-12-01T17:22:49Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓደ ሺሕ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓደ ሺሕ]] tq9196619pibr5f7i4f02u7t3u6ar48 0 2856 9643 2010-12-01T17:23:02Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓደ ሺሕ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓደ ሺሕ]] tq9196619pibr5f7i4f02u7t3u6ar48 0 2857 23837 21582 2022-08-07T07:15:52Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| ፶፻ |- |} {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font: 5em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 5000 |- |} '''ሓሙሽተ ሺሕ''' [[ቁጽሪ]] ፶፻። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] 422fd86xjft4naw7r3l02i9qx6z9zsp 0 2858 23840 21588 2022-08-07T07:16:52Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:5em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 1000000 |- |} '''ሓደ ሚሊዮን''' [[ቁጽሪ]] 1000000። [[መደብ:ቁጽርታት]] og00mmmiwkrziqoytvk3jwcck1nyk83 0 2859 9657 2010-12-01T20:33:56Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓደ ሚሊዮን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓደ ሚሊዮን]] 0k32ap22qnf0hdhfnu35lbj2mq9urwp 0 2860 9658 2010-12-01T20:34:30Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓሙሽተ ሺሕ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓሙሽተ ሺሕ]] 0mspcjfzb4i2h9w4r4rghel9txe6snc 0 2861 9659 2010-12-01T20:34:44Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ሓሙሽተ ሺሕ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሓሙሽተ ሺሕ]] 0mspcjfzb4i2h9w4r4rghel9txe6snc 14 2862 20301 18161 2020-03-04T02:57:00Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 The article pregnancy in category, now moved into the individual, separated article. wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Medicine}} [[Category:ኣስተዋጽኦ ፍልጠት]] c8x6ixf5x6hjyzpuh8wbrfddis30vpa 14 2863 17990 16838 2015-08-31T06:08:56Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Mathematics}} [[Category:ኣስተዋጽኦ ፍልጠት]] rj1xt6x6xvegcihpm16gi8ug56btdu7 14 2864 21013 19127 2020-08-21T00:06:32Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] apatj1ypohin9vbgmz063oa0izy3xlq 14 2865 21008 17949 2020-08-20T23:54:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:Wikipedia]] to [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Wikipedia}} ns0ez4pjaxar40qgfkm7cec8z0z48fy 14 2866 17992 16839 2015-08-31T06:09:48Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Africa}} [[Category:ጆግራፍ]] 2qkokf4i9gcgkkpuvuaqus6uk9hxla0 14 2867 17993 16672 2015-08-31T06:10:29Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Geography}} [[Category:ኣስተዋጽኦ ፍልጠት]] 85mnuju1w3h20wm2e5oitci717fgaki 0 2868 24475 23777 2023-09-14T09:06:15Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Kingdom of animals.png|thumb|upright=1.5|<span style="color:grey;">እንስሳ</span>]] '''እንስሳ ''' * [[መጥበዊ]] * [[ገመል]] * [[ድሙ]] * [[ጭሩ]] * [[ዑፍ]] * [[ታኪን]] * [[ንስሪ]] * [[ገዚፍ ዑፍ]] * [[ኣሞራ]] * [[ኳዅ]] * [[ሰገን]] * [[ሓሰኻ]] * [[ለመምታ]] * [[ዓሳ]] * [[ጎብየ]] * [[ተመን]] * [[ነፋሒቶ]] [[መደብ:ስነ እንስሳ]] 5j67p623xcaben6m96rmzidwupof7i9 14 2869 17950 16836 2015-08-29T22:48:18Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Zoology}} [[Category:ባዮሎጂ]] 0ahks9w4gfzogbq0inopr67gxsh59xu 10 2873 22927 16690 2021-07-16T22:30:30Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|<div class="babel-plain" style="float:right">{{#babel:{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}|{{{21|}}}|{{{22|}}}|{{{23|}}}|{{{24|}}}|{{{25|}}}|{{{26|}}}|{{{27|}}}|{{{28|}}}|{{{29|}}}|{{{30|}}}|{{{31|}}}|{{{32|}}}|{{{33|}}}|{{{34|}}}|{{{35|}}}|{{{36|}}}|{{{37|}}}|{{{38|}}}|{{{39|}}}|{{{40|}}}|{{{41|}}}|{{{42|}}}|{{{43|}}}|{{{44|}}}|{{{45|}}}|{{{46|}}}|{{{47|}}}|{{{48|}}}|{{{49|}}}|{{{50|}}}|{{{51|}}}|{{{52|}}}|{{{53|}}}|{{{54|}}}|{{{55|}}}|{{{56|}}}|{{{57|}}}|{{{58|}}}|{{{59|}}}|{{{60|}}}|{{{61|}}}|{{{62|}}}|{{{63|}}}|{{{64|}}}|{{{65|}}}|{{{66|}}}|{{{67|}}}|{{{68|}}}|{{{69|}}}|{{{70|}}}|{{{71|}}}|{{{72|}}}|{{{73|}}}|{{{74|}}}|{{{75|}}}|{{{76|}}}|{{{77|}}}|{{{78|}}}|{{{79|}}}|{{{80|}}}|{{{81|}}}|{{{82|}}}|{{{83|}}}|{{{84|}}}|{{{85|}}}|{{{86|}}}|{{{87|}}}|{{{88|}}}|{{{89|}}}|{{{90|}}}|{{{91|}}}|{{{92|}}}|{{{93|}}}|{{{94|}}}|{{{95|}}}|{{{96|}}}|{{{97|}}}|{{{98|}}}|{{{99|}}}|{{{100|}}}}}</div>}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> fn8iojuyfgmv6bnmaqbx0cwfutmoo5z 10 2874 17032 16902 2013-08-02T00:28:42Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567952]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Turkish language|tr]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Bu kullanıcının '''[[:Category:User tr-N|ana dili]]''' '''[[:Category:User tr|Türkçe]]''' 'dir.</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User tr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tr-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] h2ta47pj4orn6489sth3wsdnbf1w9s6 14 2875 17951 16831 2015-08-29T22:48:33Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User tr}} [[Category:User languages]] 3yosb0kix5kq8g6rym948z6gi9iwbxn 14 2876 21011 17031 2020-08-21T00:05:29Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] hzxva86qh3bkck76h2mghmmmmwiaopq 14 2877 17952 16832 2015-08-29T22:48:44Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User tr-N}} [[Category:User tr]] jd99qwat1y4yi8878rasd0b3tdb8b29 10 2878 16569 16390 2013-03-07T18:41:27Z Addbot 2869 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 243 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5544939]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[English language|en]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div><noinclude> </noinclude> gt3kqcl7e6p93fut8e363bto0ult0mm 14 2879 17953 16829 2015-08-29T22:48:48Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User en}} [[Category:User languages]] nxtahs141balcratls46zdocta4u5c9 14 2880 17954 16830 2015-08-29T22:48:53Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User en-2}} [[Category:User en]] 3g1qepxr381l3vg2iqgwcuivmta3o18 10 2881 16886 16572 2013-05-06T03:57:28Z Iketsi 1744 wikidata wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[:Afrikaans|af]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Hierdie gebruiker het 'n '''[[:Category:User af-1|basiese]]''' begrip van '''[[:Category:User af|Afrikaans]]'''.[[Category:User af|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User af-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div><noinclude> <noinclude> <noinclude> </noinclude> bn7qhoct94acy0osx2dxijk0rvpvz8w 14 2882 17955 16673 2015-08-29T22:49:00Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User af}} [[Category:User languages]] 9tiwk4mg09v3wy0a5nhaqqpjzl4sv96 14 2883 17956 16658 2015-08-29T22:49:08Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User af-1}} [[Category:User af]] gl9e4egfzhwwae96boxbgmjpj1edft2 10 2884 16885 16575 2013-05-06T03:54:24Z Iketsi 1744 wikidata wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Alemannic language|als]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Dä User verfüegt über '''[[:Category:User als-1|Basis]]-[[:Category:User als|Kenntnis vom Alemannische]]'''.[[Category:User als|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User als-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> e5guoxje6hbh80hf91p30cnmfnkz2nq 14 2885 17957 16576 2015-08-29T22:49:12Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User als}} [[Category:User languages]] ttqnagjegkjamrqicrvxee4mnxd3ush 14 2886 17958 16819 2015-08-29T22:49:17Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User als-1}} [[Category:User als]] eeyawl8jeq48r7x2gjd3e3y9kr8e4n3 10 2887 17024 16578 2013-08-02T00:25:28Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538250]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#f0f8ff;border:solid #c0c8ff 1px;margin:1px;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#c0c8ff;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Arabic language|ar]]-1''' | style="font-size:11pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="ar" dir="rtl" | هذا المستخدم يعرف '''[[:Category:User ar-1|مبادئ]]''' '''[[:Category:User ar|&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;]]'''. |} [[Category:User ar|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ar-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] </div> gxclicg5ic6oubo0n3wgabm0e6cfk85 14 2888 17959 16820 2015-08-29T22:49:21Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User ar}} [[Category:User languages]] b0uraismx1i7iju5en8816jz32e5rvo 14 2889 17960 16821 2015-08-29T22:49:26Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User ar-1}} [[Category:User ar]] 2u843u72j7p8wnrl0smwbhnblnei1c6 10 2890 16581 15671 2013-03-07T18:45:14Z Addbot 2869 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 57 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538253]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Asturian language|ast]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Esti usuariu pue contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User ast-1|básicu]]''' d''''[[:Category:User ast|asturianu]]'''.[[Category:User ast|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ast-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 8oo1lwhaa5ffdfd5fwfs1ks8y4cipkj 14 2891 17961 16582 2015-08-29T22:49:30Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User ast}} [[Category:User languages]] 3i0787g6f0j2hq0o12v4aq2p1muhbs3 14 2892 17962 16583 2015-08-29T22:49:34Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User ast-1}} [[Category:User ast]] 0zpmqwdo9bkqoxdwzr4ga18gj8lai50 10 2893 16887 16584 2013-05-06T03:58:57Z Iketsi 1744 wikidata wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Persian language|az]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="az" | '''Bu istifadəçinin ana dili Azərbaycan dilidir |} [[Category:User az|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User az-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] </div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 73kakovyepo99q09ii771z7qfbp9tsw 14 2894 17963 16822 2015-08-29T22:49:39Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User az}} [[Category:User languages]] 3svcdxulqia5ss9xxqladksskihk6vw 14 2895 17964 16823 2015-08-29T22:49:43Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User az-N}} [[Category:User az]] tqygkxrlm3o0oc11gm1tzb12pj4em9o 10 2896 16888 16587 2013-05-06T03:59:37Z Iketsi 1744 wikidata wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Austro-Bavarian|bar]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Dea Benutzer redt '''[[:Category:User bar-1|a weng]]''' '''[[:Category:User bar|Boarisch]]'''.[[Category:User bar|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User bar-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 7ztqvdu690xdpkmma252j85idrno8na 14 2897 17965 16682 2015-08-29T22:49:47Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User bar}} [[Category:User languages]] iinyiaau24nocra5piv140p43qac0gm 14 2898 17966 16683 2015-08-29T22:49:52Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User bar-1}} [[Category:User bar]] 2k2dvghzt5lcpkil0ewzlflys7ra41k 14 2899 17967 17042 2015-08-29T22:50:29Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Languages}} [[Category:ኣስተዋጽኦ ፍልጠት]] 5mjxj9ssng1umffaspdu6o6d2lnuqc1 14 2900 21081 18889 2020-08-26T19:54:21Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:ሀገራት]] to [[መደብ:ሃገራት]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Countries}} [[Category:ጆግራፍ]] 5t6vjekpbd7cycpj3yzon61jmwcspvn 14 2901 17994 17044 2015-08-31T09:16:36Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Europe}} [[Category:ጆግራፍ]] lt8o67vmnvkmthtydmz5rpr7byihcts 10 2904 16593 16389 2013-03-07T19:02:26Z Addbot 2869 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540401]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Belarusian language|be]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Гэты ўдзельнік/гэтая ўдзельніца ведае '''[[:Category:User be|беларускую]]''' мову на '''[[:Category:User be-2|сярэднім]]''' узроўні. [[Category:User be|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User be-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div><noinclude> </noinclude> lgbc05bwnoov1a8hc816wjcdlvcot17 14 2905 17969 16594 2015-08-29T22:52:14Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User be}} [[Category:User languages]] f0g8yee53oje4v8ki5k0pzvlkt572qr 14 2906 17970 16595 2015-08-29T22:52:52Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User be-2}} [[Category:User be]] li2d9ff2jxlfwjuw3p748qed1wypg4j 10 2907 17025 16596 2013-08-02T00:25:29Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540459]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:1px solid #C0C8FF;margin:1px"> {|cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt"|'''[[Bulgarian language|bg]]-1''' |style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em"|Този потребител има '''[[:Category:User bg-1|начални познания]]''' по '''[[:Category:User bg|български език]]'''.[[Category:User bg|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User bg-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> [[Category:User bg]] [[Category:User bg-1]] bh4fhqsfuzc3gama760k7z26fijzt3m 14 2908 17971 16824 2015-08-29T22:52:57Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User bg}} [[Category:User languages]] h5ot7m68yfsn3ahmxxntfgtofwdkth5 14 2909 17972 16825 2015-08-29T22:53:06Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User bg-1}} [[Category:User bg]] f3l12hvytl5cdbo8pd01gwtx9i6vgee 10 2910 16599 16388 2013-03-07T19:03:57Z Addbot 2869 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 118 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5539064]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Catalan language|ca]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Aquest usuari pot contribuir amb un nivell '''[[:Category:User ca-1|bàsic]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ca|català]]'''.[[Category:User ca|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ca-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 8iyihfwptvaqqmg4ax47bmhltvsn78n 14 2911 17973 16826 2015-08-29T22:53:14Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User ca}} [[Category:User languages]] 773pw0btsqw1s1ndc32t0jl7r8p2au3 14 2912 17974 16601 2015-08-29T22:53:30Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User ca-1}} [[Category:User ca]] m816ex5i8a1i2kmtuym5xw0t5h5e36k 10 2913 16602 16408 2013-03-07T19:04:34Z Addbot 2869 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 76 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5539067]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #CCCC00 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Catalan language|ca]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | El nivell d'aquest usuari correspon al d'un '''[[:Category:User ca-4|parlant natiu]]''' del '''[[:Category:User ca|català]]'''. [[Category:User ca|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ca-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> rdghjbhpp0t7ytz0kltnvdl77umgcif 14 2914 17975 16827 2015-08-29T22:53:33Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User ca-4}} [[Category:User ca]] q14aaxvvkufexpezcthna4ykghu1dbm 10 2915 17028 16604 2013-08-02T00:25:30Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540442]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Czech language|cs]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Tento uživatel má '''[[:Category:User cs-1|základní]]''' znalosti '''[[:Category:User cs|češtiny]]'''.[[Category:User cs|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User cs-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 4g9w44qe9xw4bvgopx9bqba7cw90x2a 14 2916 17976 16828 2015-08-29T22:53:37Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User cs}} [[Category:User languages]] srz34vy8oheg7kbwvpgfyixgkmseaif 14 2917 17977 16606 2015-08-29T22:53:40Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User cs-1}} [[Category:User cs]] 9phtcz09t00z1a476gjm4ldk10dxupp 10 2918 17026 16607 2013-08-02T00:25:30Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538459]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Danish language|da]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne bruger har '''[[:Category:User da|dansk]]''' som '''[[:Category:User da-N|modersmål]]'''.[[Category:User da|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User da-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> bhpsk049np18elca77nx8pnmko3l2an 14 2919 17978 16608 2015-08-29T22:53:43Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User da}} [[Category:User languages]] j74v1lkqi6m9qs7sph0r5ihnaz2m0cw 14 2920 17979 16609 2015-08-29T22:53:48Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User da-N}} [[Category:User da]] 08b0qlrahpdpn7tsy01qhaxvkg8pxx6 10 2921 17027 16610 2013-08-02T00:25:30Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540417]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Danish language|da]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne bruger har et '''[[:Category:User da-1|grundlæggende]]''' kendskab til '''[[:Category:User da|dansk]]'''.[[Category:User da|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User da-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> dral3awbf0lie1q3qxib82r3zg8dnlo 14 2922 17980 16611 2015-08-29T22:54:06Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User da-1}} [[Category:User da]] 4u9toos32iqqpdkes1pgiqqpthsl5yc 10 2923 20675 17029 2020-05-29T12:11:29Z Samuele2002 5491 fix [[Special:LintErrors]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Danish language|da]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne brugers kendskab til '''[[:Category:User da|dansk]]''' er på '''[[:Category:User da-2|mellemniveau]]'''.[[Category:User da|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User da-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> g0uunq0njsjyiftqqu9p5fq0k77op8q 14 2924 17981 16613 2015-08-29T22:55:47Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User da-2}} [[Category:User da]] kmfnj8lvtapszeyg30so6j9ocwgvpcb 14 2925 23818 17982 2022-08-07T07:04:35Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Religion}} [[መደብ:ኣስተዋጽኦ ፍልጠት]] ndc7gmg17dpxqmlkyoyva8dyv05ecwz 14 2926 23150 23147 2021-10-11T15:04:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/180.249.227.76|180.249.227.76]] ([[User talk:180.249.227.76|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:109.160.79.217|109.160.79.217]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Regions of Eritrea}} [[Category:ኤርትራ]] q6nhej4wsryw2nlgkzx0q5qerd3yigi 14 2927 21014 17995 2020-08-21T00:06:59Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Democracy}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] 60suaia1lgc0upfflecirms84n3m1uh 0 2928 23335 23334 2021-12-12T14:20:30Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HH Polizeihauptmeister MZ.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">ፖሊስ</span>]] '''ፖሊስ'''፣ ሕዝባዊ ጸጥታ ንምውሓስ ሓላፍነት ዘለዎ ሲቪላዊ ሓይሊ። 6kvttrte5oiihnbs8dnm4pgob5o6tt9 0 2929 18585 18491 2016-09-01T12:09:11Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሰንበት'''፣ እታ ሻብዓይቲ ምዓልቲ ናይ ሰሙን። 4bh7bilgn52ls173lh53io5yiwzf9jn 0 2930 22725 22293 2021-04-30T13:40:10Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Bride1929.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">መርዓት</span>]] '''መርዓት'''፣ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ኣብ ጊዜ መርዓኣ እትጽውዓሉ ስም። t8vrj235ycn4c6ipfxd0umm2cckqsrs 0 2931 23750 22693 2022-08-05T20:35:11Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Humhrt2.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ልቢ</span>]] '''ልቢ'''፣ ብጭዋዳታት ዝቖመ ደም ናብ ሙሉ ሰውነት ዝጭንጕዕ ኣካል። [[Category:ሕክምና]] eqw4z03qdrfkhz0laiqngcp9yga6m0j 0 2932 23858 22724 2022-08-09T13:39:19Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Patlıcan 2.JPG|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">መለንዛና</span>]] '''መለንዛና'''፣ ትሮፒካዊ ተኽሊ ከም ሓምሊ ንመግቢ ዝውዕል። [[መደብ:ተኽሊ]] awlegktn0bxjlaev82eng50isrb3j87 0 2933 23863 22723 2022-08-09T13:41:14Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Paeonia rockii.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ፐዮኒ</span>]] '''ፐዮኒ'''፣ ካብ ጃንዳ ፓዮኒያ ዝኾነ ቀይሕ ዝዕንባብኡ ተኽሊ። [[መደብ:ተኽሊ]] 3jsde8qo3lxjshl7qt0z205rhhcvt9w 0 2934 23695 22288 2022-06-08T09:58:04Z Joanmp14 5782 improvements wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Finger.agr.jpg|150px|thumb|ኣመልካቲቶ ኣጻብዕ]] '''ኣጻብዕቲ'''፣ ናይ ደቂ ሰባትን ካልኦት እንስሳታትን ናይ ኢድን እግርን ዞባ ርሑቕ ክፋላት እዮም። ቅርጺ፣ ዓቐን፣ እልመትን ሙቐትን ሓደ ነገር ከድንቑ ዝኽእሉ ዓሰርተ ጫፋት ኣካላት እውን እዮም። ወዲ ሰብ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ኢዱ ሓሙሽተ ኣጻብዕቲ ዘለዎ ኮይኑ [[ዓባይ ዓባይቶ]]፣ [[ኣመልካቲቶ]]፣ [[ማእከለይቶ]]፣ [[ቀለቤቶ]]ን [[ሕንጥሊቶ]]ን ይበሃሉ። [[መደብ:ኣጻብዕቲ]] g2zx2np57w7lsnnsvn5gqidd5otjyss 0 2935 23860 22722 2022-08-09T13:40:13Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Avocado.jpeg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ኣቮካዶ</span>]] '''ኣቮካዶ'''፣ ትሮዊካዊ ገረብ ጃንዳ ናይ ትሮፒካ ኣመሪካና። [[መደብ:ተኽሊ]] cjln8s9kv58g4h3o23d0o2f3kolgkjh 0 2936 23861 22697 2022-08-09T13:40:28Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) 1 Luc Viatour.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ኪዊ</span>]] '''ኪዊ'''፣ ናይ ኣክቲኒዲያ ቺነንሲስ ጃንዳ ዝኾነ ዓይነት ፍረ። [[መደብ:ተኽሊ]] lhu5cneme98dyhykoww9i5bf4k7wf2k 0 2937 23776 22720 2022-08-06T10:47:16Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Chrysaora quinquecirrha.JPG|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ዓሳ ለግለግ</span>]] '''ዓሳ ለግለግ'''፣ ኣብ ባህሪ ዚነብር ሂወት ዘለዎ ክኒዳሪኣን። [[መደብ:ስነ እንስሳ]] 4x4ywdkvqd795r5gju2vlpv2slv99qf 0 2938 23737 23735 2022-08-01T21:13:04Z Praxidicae 5594 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/79.163.205.206|79.163.205.206]] ([[User talk:79.163.205.206|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Minorax|Minorax]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Calendarium cracoviense.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ኣልማናክ</span>]] '''ኣልማናክ'''፣ ሓፈሻዊ ጸብጻብን ሓበሬታን ዝሓዘ ከም ዓውደ-ኣዋርሕን ምዓልታዊ መዝገብ ብኣታታትን ዘገልግል ኣብ ሓደ ዓመት ናይ ዝርከባ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ምዓልታት ጸብጻብ ዝሓዘ መጽሓፍ። h8p0wxiva6pj83vva15limwa23yssrr 0 2939 22698 18586 2021-04-30T13:34:47Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Hanging Stove Drier NGM-v31-p477-A.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">እቶን</span>]] '''እቶን'''፣ መውዓዩ ወይ መሞቒ ዘገልግል መሳርሒ። g4rhocj6gynk1jdgvk2j62uyr04ne49 0 2940 24495 24257 2023-09-15T06:07:56Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:male penis anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">መሸኒ<br />glande: ርእሲ መትሎ/መሸኒ ወዲ ተባዕታይ፣ ጫፍ መሸኒ ሰብኣይ።<br />escroto: ከረጺት ፍረነብሲ፣ ኣብ ትሕቲ ብልዕቲ ዝርከብ ንፍረ ነፍሲ ዝስከም ናይ ቆርበት ከረጺት።</span>]] [[ፋይል:Anatomy of Male Human External Genitals.jpg|thumb|346x346px]] [[ፋይል:Penis with naturally exposed glans.jpg|thumb|260px|right|መሸኒ]] '''መሸኒ'''፣ ናይ ወዲ ተባዕታይ ናይ ገብረ-ስጋ መሳርዕ። * [[ምፍሻስ ሽግሪ]] [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] ns6gt3gx14dw5ky8ier3woa541utskh 0 2941 10153 2010-12-20T22:06:27Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[መሸኒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[መሸኒ]] tg3byjbb2qn0exhrcn10z24puj7cjrh 0 2942 24493 22704 2023-09-15T06:01:43Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Vaginal opening - english description.jpg|thumb|right|200px|<span style="color:grey;">ጉሕጓሕ</span>]] '''ጉሕጓሕ'''፣ ኣብ መንጎ ማህጸንን ብልዕትን ዝርከብ ክፍሊ መሳርዕ መፍረ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ። [[Category:ሕክምና]] bi3hv7eyuh0thiy8yuofvhoht7if5pw 0 2943 23075 22721 2021-08-27T10:50:37Z 125.167.114.35 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Joghurt.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ርግኦ</span>]] '''ርግኦ''' *ናይ ብሉበሪ ርግኦ *ፈኲስ ርግኦ {{Stub}} 5jx7zyo9alvlvb596pik2br6pee0vf4 0 2944 23781 22714 2022-08-06T10:48:59Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Insect collage.png|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ሓሽራ</span>]] [[ፋይል:Bee-sting-piqure-abeille-scale-2.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">መንከሲ ሓሸራ</span>]] '''ሓሽራ'''፣ ኣብ ክፍሊ ኢንሰክታ ንኣሽቶ እንስሳ። *[[መንከሲ ሓሸራ]] [[መደብ:ስነ እንስሳ]] tpaed4wnohyu3qhqzfldfx5d8q55yd0 0 2945 24500 23751 2023-09-15T06:11:51Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Scheme female reproductive system-en.svg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ምብቖ እንቛቕሖ</span>]] '''ሻምብቖ እንቛቕሖ'''፣ እንቛቑሖ ካብ ማሕደረ-እንቛቑሖ ናብ ማሕጸን ዝመሓላለፈሉ ኣካል። [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] p3lpuvj20fcqmsmaeocwv64ch5vvpgj 0 2946 22717 22282 2021-04-30T13:39:34Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Gray589.png|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ማሕደረ-እንቛቑሖ</span>]] '''ማሕደረ-እንቛቑሖ'''፣ ናይ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ እቛቑሖ ዝፈርየለን ክልተ ማሕደራት። [[Category:ሕክምና]] osunoicolhb7bukzj29yzh76kpwayq8 0 2947 22700 18592 2021-04-30T13:36:16Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Orange juice 1.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ጽሟቕ ኣራንቺ</span>]] '''ጽሟቕ'''፣ ካብ ፍረታትን ኣሕምልትን ተጸሚቑ ዝወጽእ ፈሳሲ። * ጽሟቕ ኣራንቺ * ጽሟቕ ቱፋሕ j5y9ruuies5x42g2jb228wcpg2rofqg 0 2948 23779 22702 2022-08-06T10:48:25Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Yellow mite (Tydeidae) Lorryia formosa 2 edit.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ሚተ</span>]] [[ፋይል:Tetranychus-urticae.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ቀይሕ ሚተ</span>]] '''ሚተ'''፣ ኣብ ተርታ ኣካሪና ዚምደብ ንእሽቶ ባልዕ። [[መደብ:ስነ እንስሳ]] t34238xeaqiv6kczgy1bk6o8e8wqpav 0 2949 23862 22716 2022-08-09T13:40:56Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Carrot.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ካሮቲ</span>]] [[ፋይል:Daucus carota subsp. maximus MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg|thumb|''Daucus carota subsp. maximus'']] '''ካሮቲ''' [[መደብ:ተኽሊ]] d2norta990b1h8nad8lune0hjzsfq19 0 2950 23998 22696 2022-11-15T13:22:47Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Erste_Benzin-Omnibus_der_Welt.jpg with [[File:Erster_Benzin-Omnibus_der_Welt.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · grammar, adjective (m), Adjek wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Erster Benzin-Omnibus der Welt.jpg|thumb|Benz-Omnibus, 1896]] [[ፋይል:Madrid bus tourisme.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">እቶም ቱሪስትታት ብኣውቶቡስ መጺኦም።</span>]] [[ፋይል:First Student IC school bus 202076 and First H&D 68553.jpg|thumb|left|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ናይ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ኣውቶቡስ</span>]] '''ኣውቶቡስ''' ብዙሕ ተጓዓዝቲ ንምሓዝ ዝተነድፈ ናይ መንገዲ [[መተሓላለፊ መበጻጽሒ]] እዩ ዝተነድፈ ብዙሕ ተጓዓዝቲ [[ንምሓዝ]]. {{stub}} [[Category:ኣውቶቡስ]] jok9c7f3td83k20mpnyizp0pgerhntd 0 2951 20355 20320 2020-03-06T04:48:06Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ባምቡላ'''፣ ብምስሊ ሰብ ዝስራሕ መጻወቲ ኣቕሓ። c4mgvb244vg5cqxtlqyb3425rwii5k8 0 2952 22707 20353 2021-04-30T13:37:00Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Garden bench 001.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ናይ ፓርክ ባንኮ</span>]] '''ባንኮ'''፣ ኮፍ መበሊ፣ ብዙሓት ሰባት ዘቐምጥ ነዊሕ ኮፍ መበሊ። 5gb3dacfncmgpl1khpu5zs13eaolki9 0 2953 22703 18651 2021-04-30T13:36:23Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Sliding-wardrobe.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">መቐመጢ ልብሲ</span>]] '''መቐመጢ ልብሲ'''፣ ናይ ክዳን ቅዉም-ሳጹን፣ክዳውንቲ ዝቕመጠሉ ቦታ ወይ ቅዉም ሳጹን። 44dily90k8sdc2j2tp1c3mjs7k4oxxm 0 2954 22719 22285 2021-04-30T13:39:54Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Christmas tree-choinka.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ናይ ልደት ጽሕዲ</span>]] '''ናይ ልደት ጽሕዲ''' [[Category:ሃይማኖት]] 44ka39pgaui0hf9n1y7quidz9cvv6ds 0 2955 24496 23498 2023-09-15T06:08:19Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki ስጋዊ ርክብ ክትፍጽም ከለኻ '''መሳርዕ ግብረ-ስጋ''' ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰብነት ኮነ ኣብ ግዳም ዝርከብ ናይ ግብረ-ስጋ ኣካላት። [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] p2qe4x5iitzeg0ibuwbcym1iupxlfyv 0 2956 23859 22705 2022-08-09T13:39:42Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Tulipa suaveolens floriade to Canberra.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ቀይሕ ቱሊፕ</span>]] [[ፋይል:Tulip bulb close.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ሽጉርቲ ቱሊፕ</span>]] [[ፋይል:Tulpen2010.jpg|thumb|left|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ናይ ቱሊፕ ቫዞ</span>]] '''ቱሊፕ'''፣ ምስ ጃንዳ ቱሊፕ ዚምደብ ሽጉርቲ ዝመስል ሱር ዘለዎ ዓንባቢ ተኽሊ። [[መደብ:ተኽሊ]] 96ne970u79m6rmwchm8c2k1vaqsn5dd 14 2957 17983 16643 2015-08-29T22:57:58Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Plantae}} [[Category:ስነ ኣትክልቲ]] f6xq0qamr1wuyk3gjqryn2ds13d2hhl 14 2958 17984 16663 2015-08-29T22:58:35Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Botany}} [[Category:ባዮሎጂ]] tn4tg2togjkqwidj30xlxvg42csxsby 0 2959 24476 23778 2023-09-14T09:07:08Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:European Startling (Sturnus vulgaris) RWD.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ስታርሊንግ</span>]] [[ፋይል:Sturnus vulgaris MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.215.Courtalain28.jpg|thumb|'' Sturnus vulgaris'']] '''ስታርሊንግ'''፣ ስታርኑስ ቩጋሪስ ዝበሃል ንእሽቶ ጭሩ። ==መርበብ== {{Commons|Category:Sturnus_vulgaris|ስታርሊንግ}} [[መደብ:ስነ እንስሳ]] m5suk5hkpogu049gxhgr5b0snh4zpt6 0 2960 24497 19110 2023-09-15T06:08:35Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ዶክተር'''፣ ሓኪም * [[ሕክምና]] [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] jnfc79643wuc663ax8rqx5clad64kis 0 2961 24505 22718 2023-09-15T06:22:10Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:BloodPressure2.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ሕሙም</span>]] '''ሕሙም''' *ሕማም ልቢ ዘለዎም ሕሙማት *ቅርጥማት ዝሓዞ ሕሙም [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] lrpuarvm37xyyu7cm52eysrtz3dxeyl 0 2962 22691 18638 2021-04-30T13:34:03Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Braun HF 1.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:grey;">ቲቪ</span>]] '''ቲቪ'''፣ '''ተለቪዥን'''፣ ናይ ቲቪ ኣቑሑት ብሓባር፣ ከም ሪሞት ኮንትሮል፣ ረሲቨር ዝበሉ ነገራት። g5joj2bw68y275mprz8calqlxtf4jfi 0 2963 10198 2010-12-21T00:00:15Z Kmoksy 1363 Redirected page to [[ቲቪ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቲቪ]] a1ynvl4jborxnuxll2vyi1ekt25cz6n 14 2964 21012 17985 2020-08-21T00:06:03Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Bots}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] p9dfg6xsksaag754mp195hlpnry1c70 4 2970 22950 20500 2021-07-26T00:24:57Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ዊኪፐድያ:ማዕጾ ማሕበረ ሰብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ:ማዕጾ ማሕበረ ሰብ]] ijpcb293kc61mdeiienho7vjlfv1ts6 10 2999 17030 16650 2013-08-02T00:25:32Z Addbot 2869 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567997]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[French language|fr]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cet utilisateur a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-N|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''. [[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User fr-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 4qa8h7por2o9vyk0iyrqm4j1qj3ce4k 0 3004 23767 23249 2022-08-06T10:09:18Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ባድመ''' ኣብ ሃገረ [[ኤርትራ|ኤርትራ፣]] ዞባ ጋሽ-ባርካ እትርከብ ከተማ። {{Stub}} [[መደብ:ኤርትራ]] s3qb2efgbnu565snxdkzvokdtleifee 10 3008 11267 2011-03-21T13:55:57Z 84.253.30.141 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: ich will wikitext text/x-wiki ich will f86lgvwj7hweutx5c72hq1a9p4t1d7e 10 3011 11344 2011-04-02T03:55:46Z 24.7.87.100 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: ታሪኽ/ሚያዝያ wikitext text/x-wiki ታሪኽ/ሚያዝያ sbpoibagbzwrrcbfk24drbazruf18hi 10 3015 16719 16396 2013-03-11T10:32:49Z Legobot 2636 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 268 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611452]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:({{{2}}})=0|0|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))=((({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))round 0)|0|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))>0 and(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))<1|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1}}}}}|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:({{{1}}})-((((({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))-0.5)round 0)*({{{2}}}))}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> See documentation of [[:en:Template:Mod]] </noinclude> ns8erun5tol4lf586m8gpoiwv49bw7p 10 3026 11480 2011-04-17T08:07:33Z 193.213.16.111 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: ''''Italic text''''Italic text'''' wikitext text/x-wiki ''''Italic text''''Italic text'''' igeokfre27pltu8h2rz4trmpbydwzv1 0 3032 24091 24090 2023-01-20T16:58:15Z Sakura emad 7824 bold wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኤርትራ ኤርትራ ኤርትራ''' ዝብል ሃገራዊ መዝሙር ኤርትራ እዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነት ሃገር ቁሩብ ጸኒሑ ዝተቐበሎ == ትሕዝቶ == ኤርትራ ኤርትራ ኤርትራ፡<br /> በዓል ደማ እናልቀሰ ተደምሲሱ፡<br /> መስዋእታ ብሓርነት ተደቢሱ።<br /> መዋእል ነኺሳ ኣብ ዕላማ፡<br /> ትምርቲ ጽንዓት ኰይኑ ስማ፡<br /> ኤርትራ'ዛ ሓበን ዉጹዓት፡<br /> ኣመስኪራ ሓቂ ክምትዕውት።<br /> ኤርትራ ኤርትራ፡<br /> ኣብ ዓለም ጨቢጣቶ ግቡእ ክብራ።<br /> ናጽነት ዘምጽኦ ልዑል ኒሕ፡<br /> ንህንጻ ንልምዓት ክንሰርሕ፡<br /> ስልጣን ከነልብሳ ግርማ፡<br /> ሕድሪ'ለና ግምጃ ክንስልማ።<br /> ኤርትራ ኤርትራ፡<br /> ኣብ ዓለም ጨቢጣቶ ግቡእ ክብራ። [[Category:ኤርትራ]] {{stub}} gb1qw3s0dcxzi341tvuxs39eic5w1vi 0 3067 23782 23741 2022-08-06T10:49:35Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} [[ፋይል:Gutenberg_Bible.jpg|340px|thumb|[[ጉተንበርግ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ]]: እታ ቀዳማይቲ ዝተሓትመት መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ]] [[ፋይል:Bible from 1300 (20).jpg|340px|thumb|መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ እብራይስጢ ካብ 1300. ዘፍጥረት.]] መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ብእኩባት ቀንዲ ሃይማኖታዊ ጽሑፋት ናይ እምነት ኣይሁዳውያንን ክርስትናን ዝቖመ እዩ። ኣብ ታሪኽ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ እታ ቀዳመይቲ ዝበዝሐት ዝተሸጠት መጽሓፍ እያ። ትሕዝቶን መስርዕን መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ኣብ መንጎ ሃይማኖታት ዝተፈላለየ ስለ ዝኾነ፥ ሓንቲ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ጥራይ የላን። [[ታናኽ]] ([[እብራይስጢ]]፡ תַּנַ"ךְ, አደማምጻ {{IPA|[taˈnaχ]}} ወይ {{IPA|[təˈnax]}}; ካልእ አጸሓሕፋ "''ታናክ''")፥ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ናይቶም ቀንዲ ኣይሁዳውያን ኣብ 24 መጽሓፍቲ ይምቀል። ሳምራውያን ዝበሃሉ ውሑዳት ክፋል ኣይሁድ ግና 5 መጽሓፍቲ ጥራይ ኣለዎም። እተን 24 ጽሑፋት ኣይሁዳውያን ኣብ 39 መጽሓፍቲ ተመቒለን ንናይ ክርስትያን ብሉይ ኪዳን የቑማ። ቁጽሪ ምሉእ ጽሕፋት ናይ ክርስትና መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ፥ ካብ 66 መጽሓፍቲ ናይ ወንጌላውያን፥ ክሳዕ 81 መጽሓፍቲ ናይ ኤርትራን ኢትዮጵያን ኦርቶዶክሳዊት ተዋህዶ ቤተ ክርስትያን ይፈላለ። == መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ኣይሁድ == መጽሓፍ ኣይሁድ ታናኽ፥ ኣብዘን ዝስዕባ ሰለስተ ክፋላት ይምቀል። (1) [[ቶራ]] ([[እብራይስጢ]]፡ תּוֹרָה፡ "''ሕጊ''") ሓሙሽተ መጽሓፍቲ ሕጊ ኮይኑ፥ መጀመርታ ታሪኽ እስራኤላውያንን ሕጎምን፥ ኪዳን ምስ ኣምላኽ እስራኤልን ይሕዝ። (2) [[ነቪይም]] ([[እብራይስጢ]]፡ נְבִיאִים፡ "''ነብያት''") ናይ ጥንቲ ታሪኽ እስራኤልን ይሁዳን ስራሕ ነብያትን ይሕዝ። (3) [[ከቱቪም]] ([[እብራይስጢ]]፡ כְּתוּבִים፡ "''ጽሑፋት''") ግጥምታትን ናይ ፍልጠት ጽሑፋትን፥ ከም በዓል መዝሙር ዳዊትን እዮብን ይሕዝ። == መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ክርስትና == ናይ ሃይማኖት ክርስትና መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ኣብ ክልተ ይምቀል። ቀዳማይ [[ብሉይ ኪዳን]] ኮይኑ 39 መጽሓፍቲ ናይ እብራይስጢ ጽሑፋት ይሕዝ፡ ካልኣይ ከኣ [[ሓድሽ ኪዳን]] ኮይኑ 27 መጽሓፍቲ ድማ ኣለዎ። ወንጌላት፥ እተን ቀዳሞት ኣርባዕተ መጽሓፍቲ ሓድሽ ኪዳን፥ ብዛዕባ ህይወት [[ክርስቶስ]] የዘንትዋ። ንሰን መሰረት እምነት ክርስትና እየን። ወላ'ኳ ጽሑፋት መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ኣይሁድ ኣብ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ክርስትና 'ተሃለዋ፥ መስርዐን ዝተፈልየ አዩ። እቲ ናይ ኣይሁድ ጽሑፍ ብምምላስ ህዝቢ እስራኤል ናብ የሩሳሌምን ናብ ቤት መቕደስን ይውዳእ፥ መወዳእታ መጽሓፍ ብሉይ ኪዳን ክርስትና ግና ትንቢት ሚልክያስ እያ። ==== ታሪኻዊ ጽሑፍ ==== ካብቲ ኣብ ቀደም ዝተጻሕፈ እሞ ክሳዕ ሕጂ ጸኒሑ ዝተረኽበ ጽሑፋት መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ክርስትና፥ ኣብ ራብዓይ ክፍለ ዘመን ብቛንቃ ግሪኽ ዝተጻሕፈ እዩ። ክሳዕ ሕጂ ዝጸንሐ ምሉእ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ኣይሁድ ከኣ ብቛንቃ ግሪኽ ዝተቶርጎመ ካብ ራብዓይ ክፍለ ዘመን ኣትሒዙ ዝጸንሐ እዩ። ዝነውሐ ዝጸንሐ ምሉእ ጽሑፍ: ክፋል ናይቲ ቀንዲ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ኣይሁድ ተባሂሉ ዝሕሰብ፥ ማለት ልክዕ ናይ መጀመርታ ቃላት ዝሓዘ፥ ክሳዕ ፍርቂ ክፍለ ዘመን ይግምገም። ==== ምምስራት ቀኖና ክርስትና ==== ድሕሪ ምምስራት ሃይማኖት ክርስትና ብቀዳማይ ክፍለ ዘመን፥ ኣብተን ቀዳሞት ሰለስተ ክፍለ ዘመናት፥ ሽማግለታት ኣብያተ ክርስትያናት ናይ ወንጌል ጽሑፋትን መልእኽትታት ሃዋርያትን ኣኪቦም ነዚ ሕጂ ሓድሽ ኪዳን ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ኣብ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ክርስትና ኣቖሙ። ብኸምዚ ዝተገልጸ መሰረት ብሉይ ኪዳንን ሓድሽ ኪዳንን ብሓደ ሓቢሩ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ይበሃል። ኣብ መንጎ ዝተፈላለዩ ክርስትያናዊ ሃይማኖታት ኣይኖት ጽሑፋት ከም ቀንዲ ቅዱሳት ጽሑፋት ተቐጺረን ኣብ ብሉይ ኪዳን ክጽምበራ ከም ዘለወን ክርክር ኣሎ። ወንገላውያን ነቲ ናይ እብራይስጢ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ጥራይ ከም ቀንዲ ([[ቀኖና]]) ይቕበልዎ። ሮማዊት ካቶሊካዊት ቤተ ክርስቲያንን ኦርቶዶክሳዊት ተዋህዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያንን ግና መጽሓፍቲ ካልኣይ-ቀኖና ብሉይ ኪዳን ከምኡ'ውን እኩባት መጽሓፍቲ ኣይሁድን ከም ቀንዲ ጽሑፋት ይቕበልወን። ንሓድሽ ኪዳን ዘቑማ መጽሓፍቲ እዘን ዝስዕባ እየን፤ ኣርባዕተ ወንጌላት፡ [[ግብሪ ሃዋርያት]]፡ መልእኽትታት ከምኡ'ውን [[ትንቢት የውሃንስ]] እየን። ==መርበብ== * [http://bible.geezexperience.com/tigrigna/ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ብትግርኛ] * [https://www.jw.org/ti/እዋናዊ/መጽሓፍ-ቅዱስ/nwt/መጻሕፍቲ/ መጻሕፍቲ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ] * [https://www.jw.org/ti/እዋናዊ/መጻሕፍቲ/መጽናዕቲ-መጽሓፍ-ቅዱስ/መጽሓፍ-ቅዱስ-እንታይ-እዩ/ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ—ኣምላኽ ዝሃበና መጽሓፍ] [[መደብ:መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ|መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ]] [[መደብ:ክርስትና|ክርስትና]] [[መደብ:ቅዱሳት ጽሑፋት|ቅዱሳት ጽሑፋት]] mm91gx1rqoxic8foo8gx0rfv6zxa73o 10 3081 12410 2011-08-18T08:35:31Z 78.151.150.217 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: August 2 1989 - The capture of Asmara by Italiaans (1889) August 3 1977 - The liberation of Segeneyti (1977) August 4 1984 -1991 - The 1st Festival Eitrea in Bologns Italy ... wikitext text/x-wiki August 2 1989 - The capture of Asmara by Italiaans (1889) August 3 1977 - The liberation of Segeneyti (1977) August 4 1984 -1991 - The 1st Festival Eitrea in Bologns Italy (1984-1991) August 5 1977 - The Liberation of Digsa (1977) August 6 1886 - The looting by Ras Alula at Habab (1886) August 10 [10-25] 1969 - The Congress of Adobha (10-25 1969) August 10 1890 -The formation of monetary system in Eritrea (1890) August 11 1889 - The control of Akeleguzay and Seraye by Italy (1889) August 12 1971 - The meeting of the 2nd party of EPLF at Tekhli (1971) August 2 1977 - The Liberation of Adi Quala (1977) August 14 1921 - Earth quake in Massawa (1921) August 16 1946 - The killing of 40 nationals by Sudanese who was British soldiers (1946) August 24 1977 - The liberation of Mendefera (1977) August 25 1985 - The retreat of EPLF from Barentu (1985) August 31 1942 - The 1st issue of Eritrean weekly newspaper (1942)) August 31 1977 -The Liberation of Agordet (1977) August 31 1879 -The invasion Ras Alula for Begos (1879) kkmh0vrvszop3hl1b3w6gzqkcsl4k30 0 3151 18648 18566 2016-09-01T12:11:01Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg|thumb|ሞፃርት]] '''ቮልፍጋንግ አማዴኡስ ሞፃርት''' ([[ጥር 13]] ቀን [[1748]] ዓ.ም. - [[ኅዳር 27]] ቀን [[1784]] ዓ.ም.) [[ኦስትሪያ|ኦስትሪያዊ]] አቀነባባሪ ነበሩ። m8ud712skoiycb584l6t76mz6t9kdik 0 3165 21362 20050 2020-11-17T20:56:26Z 93.157.169.14 stub who? wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} [[File:20150922 1841 W AUT WAL 4060.jpg|thumb|ስፖርት]] '''ስፖርት'''ቅድድም ብሽግሌታ <big>'''ዓይነታት ስፖርት'''</big> == ኩዕሶ == === ኩዕሶ እግሪ === === ኩዕሶ ኢድ === === ኩዕሶ መርበብ === == ቕድድም == === ቕድድም ብሽግለታ === === ቕድድም ብመኪና === == ኣትለቲክስ == ==== ጉያ ማራቶን ==== አለካ ዶ ዘርሰናይ ታደሰ ==== ሓጺር ጉያ ==== ==== ዝላ ==== ==== ዳርባ ዓረር ==== ==== ዳርባ ጭማር ==== === ጸወታ ጎልፍ === h5j5h41ila4tt4uvyw8id1ckt339gfe 0 3166 19465 19464 2019-07-29T15:40:59Z Risto hot sir 6218 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tomb of Nakht (2).jpg|thumb|right|]] == ሕርሻ == === መእተዊ === === ዓይነታት ሕርሻ === ==== ዘመናዊ ሕርሻ ==== ==== ልምዳዊ ሕርሻ ==== === ምርባሕ እንስሳ === ==== ልምዳዊ ምርባሕ እንስሳ ==== ==== ዘመናዊ ምርባሕፍቕሪ እንስሳ ==== tooyhxa0h6vyrl5tenz60cgyrlufzkk 14 3177 21010 17040 2020-08-21T00:04:47Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>'''ኣስትሮኖም'''</big> === ድሕረ ባይታ === === ክፋላ ኣስትሮኖም === === ኣስትሮኖም ቀደም === === ኣስትሮኖም ሕጂ === [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] 1e7qyxv89a4z5mdrquj9y2b6sf0w6t3 4 3207 19403 19402 2019-03-04T22:45:04Z 84.208.204.83 /* መእተዊ */ wikitext text/x-wiki <big>''' == <big>[[ካልስዩም]]</big> [[:en:Calcium]] [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium]]== ''' === <big>መእተዊ</big> === [[ካልስዩም]] ሓደ ካብ ኣገደስቲ ባእታታት ናይ ኣቑጽልቲ። ኣዕጽምቲ። ኣስናንን ሽፋናት ምዃኑ ይፍለጥ፣ ካልስዩም ኣብ ከርሲ መሬት ካብ ዘለው ባእታታት ብብዝሒ ህላውነቱ ሓምሻይ ደረጃ ይሕዝ፣ ባህርያዊ ካልስዩም ብዝተፈላለዩ መልክዓት ዝርከብ ኮይኑ እምኒ ኖራ። ጂፕሱም(ንኵርሽ ዝመስል ማዕድን)ን ፍሎራይትን ምጥቃስ ይከኣል፣ [[ብመንደልቭ]] [[https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejev]] ኣብ ዝተዋደደ ዝርዝር ባእታታት(ፐረዲክ ቴብል) ድማ ካልስዩም ኣቶማዊ ቍጽሩ 20። ኣቶማዊ ክብደቱ 40.078 ኤ.ኤም.ዩ(ኣሃዱ ኣቶማዊ ክብደት) ሒዙ ኣብቲ ኣብ መሬት ንዝርከቡ ኣልካሊናውያን ብረታት ዝሓቍፍ 2ይ ጉጅለ ተጠቒሱ ኣሎ፣ ካልስዩም ዝብል ስም ካብ ናይ ላቲን ቃል ዝተዋህቦ ኮይኑ ‘ካልሲ’ ማለት ‘እምኒ ኖራ’ ማለት’ዩ፣ 3.5% ካብ ከርሲ መሬት ድማ በዚ ብረት ዝቖመ’ዩ፣ ካልስዩም ኩባዊ ቅርጺን ብሩራዊ ሕብሪ ዝውንን። መጠናዊ ትሪ ዘለዎ ብረታዊ ባእታ’ዩ፣ ዝመከሉ ሙቐት 839 ዲግሪ ሰንቲግረድ ክኸውን ከሎ ዝሃፈሉ ሙቐት ድማ 1484 ዲግሪ ሰንቲግረድ ይበጽሕ :: === ርኽበት ካልስዩም === ካልስዩም ኣብ 1808 እዩ ተዳህሲሱ፣ ዳህሳሲኡ ድማ ሰር ሃምፍረይ ዳቪ ዝተባህለ እንግሊዛዊ ክኢላ ስነ-ቀመምን መሃዝን’ዩ፣ ነቲ ርኽበት። ሕውስዋስ ኖራን ሜርኲሪ ኦክሳይድን ብመስርሕ ኤለትሮሊስስ(ንሓደ ሳብስታንስ ዘቝሙ ቀመማት ብኤለትሪካዊ ኳረንቲ ዝፈላሊ መስርሕ) ብምሕላፍ ዝጨበጦ’ዩ፣ እቲ ኣብ ኤለትሮሊስስ ዝተመርኮሰ ምርምሩ ንማግኒዝዮም። ቦሮንን ባርዩምን ክድህስስ ባብ ዘርሓውሉ’ዩ፣ ድሒሩ’ውን ብኤለትሮሊስስ። ሶዲዩም።ፖታስዮም። ካልስዩም። ማግኒዝዮም። ባሪዩም። ቦሮን ዳቪ ላምፕን ፍሉጥ ሰብ ክኸውን ክኢሉ’ዩ፣ === ጥቕምታት ካልስዩም === ቀዳማይ ጥቕሚ ካልስዩም ንሰብነትና እዩ፣ ኣብ ዕቤትን ምዕባለን ኣዕጽምቲ ዘለዎ መሰረታዊ ኣገዳስነት ከይተዘንግዐ ጭዋዳታትን መትኒታትን ብግቡእ ክዓዩ የድሊ፣ ብተወሳኺ። ኣብ ምርጋእ ደምን ልቢ ንእተሰላስሎም ዝተፈላለዩ ንጥፈታት ምክትታልን ይጠቅም፣ ዋሕዲ ናይዚ ኣገዳሲ ባእታ ዝኾነ ካልስዩም ግዳይ ዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማት ክንከውንን ከም ‘ኦስተኦፕረሲስ’(ተሰባሪ ዓጽሚ) ን ‘ሂፖካልሰሚ’(ዘይንቡር ዋሕዲ ካልስዩም ኣብ ደም - ኵሊት ብግቡእ ክትዓዪ ዘይምኽኣል ወይ ሕጽረት ቫይታሚን ዲ) ከጋጥመና ይዕድም፣ ኣስከሬን ህይወታውያን ድሩቕነት ዝህልዎ። እንቋቝሖ ኣዕዋፍን ከም ናይ ኣረነ ዝኣመሰለ ሽፋን እንስሳታትን ዝተሩን ድማ ካልስዩም ካርቦኔይት ስለዘለዎም’ዮም፣ ንዕቤት ==== ኢንዱስትርያዊ ጥቕሚ ==== ዘይሓጺናውያን ባእታታት ምጽራይ ከምዘድልዮም ይፍለጥ፣ እዚ ናይ ምጽራይ መስርሕ ከኣ ብሓገዝ ካልስዩም ይፍጸም፣ ካልስዩም ንኦክስጅንን ሳልፈርን ሓያል ስሕበት ኣለዎ፣ ስለዚ። ካብ ሓያለይ ሓጺናውያንን ዘይሓጺናውያንን ባእታታት ኦክስጅን። ሳልፈርን ካርቦንን ንምእላይ ይጠቅም፣ ብዘይካ’ቲ ኣብ ምትራር ዓረር(ሊድ) ዘለዎ ኣበርክቶ ናይ ኣለሚንዩም። በሪልዩም። ነሃሲ። ዓረርን ማግኒዝዮም ሕዋስ ብረታት ኣብ ምስራሕ’ውን ይጠቅም’ዩ፣ ኣብ ምፍራይ ኖራ። ሕጡብ። ሲሚንቶ። ጥርሙዝ። ቀለም። ወረቐት። ሽኮር። መሬጸን ወዘተ. ድማ ቀንዲ ባእታ’ዩ፣ ዝተፈላለዩ ውሁዳት ካልስዩም ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓይነታት መግቢ። ፋርማቻውን መድሃኒታውን ኢንዱስትሪ ጠቐምቲ እዮም፣ ‘ኦይስተር’ ከም መግቢ እንስሳታት ኣገዳስነት ዘለዎ ብካልስዩም ካርቦኔት ዝተተኽተኸ ብምዃኑ’ዩ፣ ጸባ ቀንዲ ምንጪ ካልስዩም ብምዃኑ ብዝተፈላለዩ ዓይነትት መግቢ ተመስሪሑ ይቐርብ ኣሎ፣</big> 5qt7b6kic7yn4k2hzbggmm6h2961jil 0 3208 24474 24385 2023-09-14T09:05:12Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = <big>ፈደረሽን ሩስያ</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|ru|Российская Федерация}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Russia.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Государственный гимн Российской Федерации''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Russian Anthem chorus.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Russian Federation (orthographic projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ሞስኮ]] [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Moscow.svg|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሩስኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ሩስያ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ቭላድሚር ፑቲን]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = [[ሩስያዊ ህዝቢ|ሩስያዊ/ -ት]] | ስፍሓት = 17,098,246 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 13 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 146,171,015 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ሩብል ሩስያ|ሩብል]] (₽) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]]+2 ክሳዕ +12 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.ru]]<br>[[.рф]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +7 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 643 / RUS / RU | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ|ቤ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ጸጥታን ምትሕግጋዝን ኣብ ኤውሮጳ|ው.ጸ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ሃገራት ባሕሪ ባልቲክ|ቤ.ም.ሃ.ባ.ባ.]]፣ [[ሓባራዊ ሃብቲ ናጻ ሃገራት|ሓ.ሃ.ና.ሃ.]] }} '''ሩስያ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሩስኛ]]፦ ''Россия'') ወይ ብወግዒ '''ፈደረሽን ሩስያ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሩስኛ]]፦ ''Российская Федерация'')፣ ንሰሜናዊ ኤውሮጳን ኤስያን ዘጠቓለለ ኣብ ዓለም ዝሰፍሐት ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ሞስኮ]] እያ። <gallery class="center"> Moscow July 2011-16.jpg|ሞስኮ Spb Vasilievsky Island Neva at SchmidtEmb asv2019-09 crop.jpg| Шаманка.jpg| </gallery> [[መደብ:ሩስያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] kngfmlynu6467cc8cm4cvq217kigdvl 0 3211 24458 19565 2023-08-28T11:51:19Z 178.128.41.148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red square night north side.jpg|thumb|ቀይሕ ኣደባባይ]] '''ቀይሕ ኣደባባይ''' (''Красная площадь''), [[ሞስኩ]], [[ሩስያ]]. [[Category:ሩስያ]] sbg1ol1fwuzo5nn0rivdfe7xn4vmbmz 0 3212 21577 21481 2020-12-15T02:28:58Z Dcljr 46 Undo revision 21481 by [[Special:Contributions/2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C]] ([[User talk:2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|talk]]) -- rv blanking wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LilaDownsOaxaca.jpg|thumb|ሊለ ዶወንሡ 2005.]] '''ሊለ ዶወንሡ''' ([[እስፓንኛ]]፦ '''Lila Downs''') በ 9 [[መስከረም]] 1968 እን [[ኦአሻቻ]], [[መሺቾ]] [[ሜክሲኮ]]። {{stub}} t185f7ur95hrh8f4itks8pat8b0m3p5 0 3243 24460 24459 2023-08-28T12:04:28Z 188.235.132.142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} == መእተዊ == ስነ-ጥበብ ማለት፥ ከም ስራሕ ወይ ፍጥረት ብሰባት ምስ ኣገዳስነት ስለ ስሕበት ንስምዒት ሰብ ማለት ኢዩ። ሓደ ሰብ እንተገለጸ ባዕሉ ኣሎ፣ ስነ-ጥበብ ይግብር ኣሎ። ብዛዕባ ትርጉም ስነ ጥበብ ስምምዕ ይለን፡ስእሊን፣ ምስኣልን፣ ጸወታን፣ ሳዕስዐን፣ ደረፈን፣ ግጥሚን፣ ጽሑፍን፣ ተዋስኦን፣ ስነ-ጥበብ ዘጠቓለለ'ዩ። # [[ስእሊ]] #* [[ምስኣል]] # [[ጸወታ]] #* [[ሳዕስዐ]] # [[ደረፈ]] # [[ተዋስኦ]] #* [[ፊልም]] #* [[መድረኽ]] == ታሪኽ ስነ-ጥበብ == ዑቑባጋብር ተኽለ ክፍለማርያም (ወዲ ትኹል )  ሻክስፐር [[መደብ:ስነ ጥበብ| ]] qe1sz4242qt7ir6qxt7rtchxsuof1kp 0 3366 23206 23159 2021-10-17T16:51:54Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ቋንቋ}} {{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ |ስም = እብራይስጢ |መበቆላዊ = עִבְרִית፣ {{IPA-he|እቭሪት|}} |ስድራ ቤት ኣደ = ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ ቋንቋታት |ሃገራት = [[እስራኤል]]ን ኣይሁዳዊ ማሕበረ-ሰባት ኣብ መላእ ዓለምን። |ተዛረብቲ = 8,049,300 (2015) |ስድራ ቤት = [[ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ ቋንቋታት|ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;[[ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት|ሴማዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[ማእከላይ ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት|ማእከላይ ሴማዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[ምዕራባዊ ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት|ምዕራባዊ ሴማዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[ከንኣናዊ ቋንቋታት]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; '''እብራይስጢ''' |ጽሕፈት = [[ፊደል እብራይስጢ|እብራይስጢ]] |ወግዓዊ = {{flagcountry|እስራኤል}} |ኣይሶ1=he|ኣይሶ2=heb|ኣይሶ3=heb|ሲል=HBR |ካርታ= Idioma hebreo.PNG }} '''እብራይስጢ''' ({{lang-he|עִבְרִית|links=no}}፣ {{IPA-he|እቭሪት|ኣደማምጻ|He-Ivrit-2.ogg}})፣ ሓደ ካብ ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት ኮይኑ ካብ ዓለም አቲ ዝነውሐ ዕድመ ዘሎዎ ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝዝረብ ዘሎ ቋንቋ እዩ። ሞይቱ ዝተንሰአ ቋንቋ ተባሂሉ ውን ይጥቀስ። አዚ 24 ፊደላት ዘለዉዎ ቋንቋ አዚ አቲ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ንመጀመርያ ግዜ ዝተጻሕፈሉ ቋንቋ አዩ። ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ ዝበዝሕ ቃላቱ ከም መብዛሕቶኦም ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት ብ ሰለስት ፊደላት ዝተሰረተ እዩ ። ምስ ግዕዝ፣ ትግርኛ፣ ትግረ(ትግራይት)፣ ኣምሓርኛ፣ ኣራማይስጢ፣ ዓረብን ዝኣመሰኡ ሴማውያን ቛንቋታት ድማ ደሓን ዝኾነ ተመሳሳልነት ኣለዎ። == ፊደላት እብራይስጢ == {| class="wikitable" |- |- | א = ኣሌፍ ||ב = ቤት ||ג= ጊመል ||ד = ዳለጥ ||ה= ሀይ ||ו= ዋው ||ז= ዛይን ||ח = ሔጥ ||ט = ጤት ||י= ዮድ ||כ= ኻፍ |- |ל= ላሜድ ||נ= ኑን ||ס= ሳሜኽ ||מ= ሜም ||ע= ዓይን ||פ= ፐ\ፈ ||צ= ጻዴ ||ק= ቆፍ ||ר= ረሽ ||ש= ሺን ||ת= ታቭ |} {{InterWiki|code=he}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] i85tjqpn8xavl0yjiauqgdoa3brg3sw 0 3580 16797 2013-03-28T02:15:26Z Newrite 960 Redirected page to [[መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ]] sewn82m92d4yev7wr4ionb7r4b6d9ps 0 3597 23748 23460 2022-08-05T20:27:46Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መርበብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Mariupol gerb.png|thumb|ምልክት]] [[ፋይል:Mariupol pos.png|thumb|ኣቀማምጣ]] '''ማሪኢፖል''' ([[እንግሊዝኛ ፊደል|እንግሊዛዊ]] - Mariupol, ዩክረይን - Маріуполь) – ረጉድ ዩክረይን ከተማ ([[ኣውሮጳ]]) * ዓይነት ሓጺን ኢንዱስትሪ ወደብ መዕረፍ ነፈርቲ መገዲ ባብር መደበር * ህዝቢ ፶፼ ==መርበብ== {{commonscat|Mariupol}} m19mnlqo4ynmuz1cln2m6eeu1ggit6a 14 3614 17986 17053 2015-08-29T23:14:08Z Avicennasis 1227 Updating Commonscat link wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Russia}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኤውሮጳ]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] 8g57f4un1rirux0hyzzi61o13vzo81a 14 3625 23819 17049 2022-08-07T07:04:52Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[መደብ:ሃይማኖት]] gwzh5zvvucmp91ybhoko0dsos9qs9d4 14 3626 17050 2013-08-07T19:00:29Z Codex Sinaiticus 157 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: [[Category:ቅዱሳት ጽሑፋት‏]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ቅዱሳት ጽሑፋት‏]] azrrm2e7zkiky45oh4hpoievj07r10v 14 3627 17051 2013-08-07T19:01:26Z Codex Sinaiticus 157 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: [[Category:ሃይማኖት]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ሃይማኖት]] dz38dngzctsttqtb86nc6z6axt9cf1a 14 3628 17052 2013-08-07T19:03:36Z Codex Sinaiticus 157 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: [[Category:ሀገራት]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ሀገራት]] 3xdwiqphzrcpfgq6ovkmxpr19xd992w 0 3672 23557 23040 2022-05-01T14:18:10Z Joanmp14 5782 improvements wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሪፓብሊክ ቺሌ <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República de Chile}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Chile.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Chile (c).svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Por la razón o la fuerza''<br />(''«ብምኽንያት ወይ ብሓይሊ»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Himno nacional de Chile''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = National Anthem of Chile.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ሳንትያጎ]] [[ፋይል:Escudo de Santiago (Chile).svg|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት]] [[ደሞክራሲ|ደሞክራስያዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ቺሌ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ገብርኤል ቦሪክ]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ኣዊጁ<br />&nbsp;• ኣፍልጦ ረኺቡ | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />12 ለካቲት 1818<br />24 ሚያዝያ 1844 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ቺሌኣዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 756,096.3 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 2.1 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 18,430,408 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2022 | ባጤራ = [[ፔሶ ቺሌ|ፔሶ]] | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]]-4ን -6ን | ግዜ_ክረምቲ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]]-3ን -5ን | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.cl]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +56 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 152 / CHL / CL }} '''ቺሌ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦ ''Chile'')፣ ብወግዒ '''ሪፓብሊክ ቺሌ''' (ብስጳንኛ፦ ''República de Chile'')፣ ኣብ ደቡብ ምዕራብ ናይ ደቡባዊ ኣመሪካ እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ሳንትያጎ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ቺሌ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] h8lxicbp2mpw2f169lzluevp8indxkv 0 3698 19417 18609 2019-05-01T14:14:54Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Syria.svg with [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:c::File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg|]]). wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (ዓረብኛ: سوريا) [[File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት]] 17rflyz2qqqmrls4ujwld154yy3xd78 0 3699 18581 18487 2016-09-01T12:09:08Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Codex Sinaiticus|Codex Sinaiticus]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}'''. [[File:Flag of Suriname.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት]] o6c5xuuprj62cde4u3o86fq17c9oc4w 0 3700 17305 17209 2014-04-04T20:40:29Z Codex Sinaiticus 157 Redirected page to [[ዚምባብዌ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዚምባብዌ]] 73chfh6mc5rxhi0w3zl3636cll39to1 0 3701 23868 23567 2022-08-14T17:11:52Z Rkt2312 8502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ቦሊቫርያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቬኔዝዌላ <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República Bolivariana de Venezuela}}''}} | ሕብረት = [[ኣባል ሃገራት ሕብረት ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ|ኣባል ሃገር]] | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ሕብረት ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Venezuela.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Dios y Federación''<br />(''«ኣምላኽን ፈደረሽንን»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Gloria al Bravo Pueblo''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = United States Navy Band - Gloria al Bravo Pueblo.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = VEN orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ካራካስ]] [[ፋይል:Coat_of_arms_of_Caracas.svg|right|20px]] | ርእሰ_ከተማ_መስተማእዛኒታት = 10_30_21_N_66_54_52_W 10°30'21 N 66°54'52 O | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት]] [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ቬኔዝዌላ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ኒኮላስ ማዱሮ]]<br /><small>(ብኸፊል ኣፍልጦ ረኺቡ)</small><br />[[ህዋን ጓይዶ]]<br /><small>(ብኸፊል ኣፍልጦ ረኺቡ)</small> | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />&nbsp;• ካብ [[ዓባይ ኮሎምብያ]] | ዕለታት_መሰረት = <br />5 ሓምለ 1811<br />13 ጥሪ 1830 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ቬኔዝዌላዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 916,445 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 3.2 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 28,866,000 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2022 | ባጤራ = [[ቦሊቫር ቬኔዝዌላ|ቦሊቫር]] | ባጤራ_ኣይሶ = VES | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC -4 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = .ve | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +58 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 862 / VEN / VE | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ሃገራት ኣመሪካ|ው.ሃ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ጉጅለ ሊማ]]፣ [[ውድብ ሃገራት ለኣኽቲ ነዳዲ|ው.ሃ.ለ.ነ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም|ው.ን.ዓ.]]፣ [[ማሕበረ-ሰብ ሃገራት ላቲን ኣመሪካን ካሪብያንን|ማ.ሃ.ላ.ኣ.ካ.]]፣ [[ማሕበረ-ሰብ ካሪብያን]] }} '''ቬኔዝዌላ''' ({{lang-es|Venezuela}})፣ ብወግዒ '''ቦሊቫርያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቬኔዝዌላ''' ({{lang-es|República Bolivariana de Venezuela}})፣ ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ክፋል [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] እትርከብ ልኡላዊት ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ካራካስ]] እያ። 916,445 ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ ስፍሓት መሬት ኣለዋ። እቲ ሕጂ ቬኔዝዌላ ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ግዝኣት ኣብ መንጎ ተቓውሞ [[ደቀባት ኣመሪካ|ኣመሪንዳውያን]] ህዝብታት ብስጳኛ ብ1522 እያ ተገዚኣ። [[መደብ:ቬኔዝዌላ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] 8lodoqfz05g8hpydznbqwszom7czyit 0 3702 22494 22490 2021-03-05T21:56:10Z Hasley 5881 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:80.43.42.219|80.43.42.219]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (እንግሊዝኛ: South Africa) [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] mg6196674q9p0jeytdn0x3vtgjxrpe2 0 3703 23547 23518 2022-04-24T06:27:24Z Chronus 8284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ዩክሬን | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|uk|Україна}}<br>{{transl|uk|ኡክራይና}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Ukraine.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = Ще не вмерла Українa<br>''[[ስጨ ኔ ቭመርላ ኡክራይና]]''<br>(ብ[[ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ዩክሬንኛ]]፦ «ዩክሬን ገና ኣይጠፍአትን») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Ukrainian national anthem, instrumental.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Ukraine_-_disputed_(orthographic_projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ኪየቭ]] [[ፋይል:COA of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg|20x25pxpx|right]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ዩክሬንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፍርቂ ፕረዚደንትነት|ፍርቂ ፕረዚደንታዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ዩክሬን|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ቮሎዲሚር ዘለንስኪ]] | መሰረት = [[ታሪኽ ዩክሬን|መሰረት]]፦ | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• [[ኣዋጅ ናጽነት ዩክሬን|ናጽነት]] | ዕለታት_መሰረት = <br />24 ነሓሰ 1991 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ዩክሬናዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 603,628 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 7 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 41,167,336 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2022 | ባጤራ = [[ዩክሬናዊ ህሪቭንያ|ህሪቭንያ]] (₴፣ [[ኣይሶ 4217|UAH]]) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ግዜ ምብራቕ ኤውሮጳ|EET (UTC +2)]] | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = .ua፣ .укр | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +380 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 804 / UKR / UA | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም|ው.ን.ዓ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ጸጥታን ምትሕግጋዝን ኣብ ኤውሮጳ|ው.ጸ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ|ቤ.ም.ኤ.]] }} '''ዩክሬን''' ({{lang-uk|Україна}}፣ {{IPA-uk|ኡክራይና|ኣደማምጻ|Uk-Україна.ogg}})፣ ኣብ [[ምብራቕ ኤውሮጳ]] እትርከብ ልኡላዊት ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ኪየቭ]] እያ። ወግዓዊ ቋንቋ ዩክሬን [[ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ]] እዩ ዓብላሊ [[ሃይማኖት]] ከኣ [[ኦርቶዶክሳዊት ተዋህዶ ቤተ ክርስትያን|ኦርቶዶክስ ክርስትና]] እዩ። [[መደብ:ዩክሬን]] tdker7difpp61zplibmsmxmf326tfzv 0 3769 23454 23449 2022-02-19T02:15:56Z 1997kB 5642 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/36.68.55.105|36.68.55.105]] ([[User talk:36.68.55.105|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:HakanIST|HakanIST]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease |name = African trypanosomiasis |image = Trypanosoma sp. PHIL 613 lores.jpg |caption = <!--Trypanosoma forms in a [[Blood film|blood smear]]--> |ICD10 = B56 |ICD10-2= b50 |ICD9 = 086.5 |ICDO = |OMIM = |DiseasesDB = 29277 |DiseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|13400}} |MedlinePlus = 001362 |eMedicineSubj = med |eMedicineTopic = 2140 |MeshID = D014353 }} '''ኣፍሪካን ትራይፓኖሶሚያሲስ''' ወይ '''ኣደቃሲ ሕማም'''<ref name=WHO2013/>፡ ንሰባትን ካልኦት እንስሳታትን ዜጥቅዕ [[ሕማም]] [[ፓራሳይት/ጽግዕተኛ]] እዩ። ''[[ትራይፓኖሶማ ብሩሰይ]]''ብዚብሃል ጽግዕተኛ ጅር/ስፒሽስ ዚስዕብ እዩ። <ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|001362|Sleeping sickness}}</ref> ሰባት ዘጥቅዑ፡ ክልተ ዓይነታት ኣለዉ፥ ''[[ትራይፓኖሶማ ብሩሰይ ጋምቤንስ]]'' (T.b.g) ከምኡውን ''[[ትራይፓኖሶማ ብሩሰይ ሆደሴንስ]]'' (T.b.r.) እዮም። <ref name=WHO2013/> T.b.g፡ ንልዕሊ 98% ናይቲ ዝርኤ ሕማማት ዜስዕብ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite journal|author=WHO Media centre|title=Fact sheet N°259: Trypanosomiasis, Human African (sleeping sickness)|year=June 2013|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en/}}</ref> ክልቲኦም ፓራሳይታት፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ ብመንከስቲ እተለኽፈት [[ጽንጽያ ጸጸ]] ዝምሓላለፉ ኮይኖም፡ ኣብ ገጠራት ድማ ኣዝዮም ግኑናት እዮም። <ref name=WHO2013/>  ኣብቲ መባእታዊ ደረጃ’ቲ ሕማም፡ ረስኒ፡ ሕማም ርእሲ፡ ሰሓን ቃንዛ መላግቦን የጋጥም። <ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ ድማ ድሕሪ መንከስቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ክሳዕ ሰለስተ ሳምንታት ክርኤ ይጅምር።<ref name=Lancet2013/> ድሕሪ ሳምንታት ክሳዕ ኣዋርሕ ድማ ዕግርግር፡ ዘይምርጋእ/ዘይምውህሃድ፡ ድንዛዘን ድቃስ ምስኣንን ዚኣመሰለ ዜጋጥም ካልኣይ ደረጃ ይጅምር።<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Lancet2013/> ነጸርታ፥ ኣብ [[ቅምሶ ደም]]ወይ ኣብ ሱር ዕያገነዳ (ሊይምፍ ኖድ) ኣብ ዝርከብ ፈሳሲ ንዘሎ ፓራሳይት ብምርካብ ይካየድ።<ref name=Lancet2013/> [[መርፍእ ሽምጢ (ፈሳሲ ካብ ሽምጢ ብምውሳድ ዚግበር መርመራ)]]፡ ኣብ መንጐ’ቲ ናይ መባእታን ካልኣይን ደረጃ ሕማም ዘሎ ፍልልይ ንምርእይ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ኪግበር የድሊ እዩ።<ref name=Lancet2013/> ምክልኻል ብርቱዕ ሕማም፡ T.b.g እንተሎ ንምፍላጥ መርመራታት ደም ብምግባር፡ ነቶም ኣብ ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ክፍልታት ህዝቢ ዚግበር ነጸርታ ዜጠቓልል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ዝጀመረሉ ፈለማ እዋንን ምልክታት ጸገማት መትኒ ከርኢ ቅድሚ ምጅማሩን ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ፡ ነቲ ሕማም ንምሕካም ዚቐለለ ይኸውን።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ መባእታ ደረጃ ንዚርከብ ሕማም ዚግበር ሕክምና፡ ብመድሃኒት[[ፐንታሚዲን]] ወይ [[ሱራሚን]]ይኸውን።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ንዚርከብ ሕማም ዚግበር ሕክምና፡ ንT.b.g ተባሂሉ ዚውሰድ ን[[ኢፍሎርኒቲን]] ወይ ን[[ኒፉርቲሞክስ]] ከምኡውን አፍሎርኒቲን ዜጣመረ መድሃኒት ዜጠቓልል እዩ።<ref name=Lancet2013>{{cite journal|last=Kennedy|first=PG|title=Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).|journal=Lancet neurology|date=2013 Feb|volume=12|issue=2|pages=186-94|pmid=23260189}}</ref> [[መላርሶፕሮል]] ንኽልቲኡ ዚሰርሕ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ ከቢድ ጐድናዊ ሳዕቤናት ስለዘለዎ፡ ንT.b.r.ጥራይ ብፍላይ ዜገልግል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ ሕማም’ዚ፡ ኣብ 36 ሃገራት ዚርከቡ ከባቢ 70 ሚልዮን ንዚኾኑ ኣብ ሓደጋ ዚርከቡ ክፍልታት ህዝቢ ኣብ ዘለውዎ ገለ ከባቢታት [[ትሕተ-ሳህራ ኣፍሪቃ]]ብቐጻሊ ዜጋጥም እዩ።<ref name=Sim2012>{{cite journal|author=Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR, Paone M, Diarra A, Ruiz-Postigo JA, Fèvre EM, Mattioli RC, Jannin JG |title=Estimating and Mapping the Population at Risk of Sleeping Sickness |journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis |volume=6|issue=10|pages=e1859|year=2012|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001859}}</ref> ኣብ 2010፡ ንኣስታት 9,000 ሰባት ሞት ከስዕብ ከሎ፡ ካብቲ ኣብ 1990 ዝነበረ 34,000 መጠነ-ሞት ግን ጐዲሉ እዩ።<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> ከባቢ 30,000 ዚኸውን ህዝቢ ድማ ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ተለኺፉ ይርከብ፣ ኣብ 2012 ድማ ካብቲ ዝነበረ መልከፊታት፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓደስቲ 7000 ኣጋጢሙ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ካብዚ ዘጋጥመ ሕማማት፡ እቲ ልዕሊ 80%፡ ኣብ [[ደሞክራስያዊ ሪፓፕሊክ ኮንጐ]]ዜጋጠመ እዩ። <ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ቀረባ እዋን፡ ሰለስተ ዓቢ ለበዳታት ኣጋጢሙ፣ እቲ ቀዳማይ ካብ 1896 ክሳዕ 1906 ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ ብቐንዱ ኣብ [[ዩጋንዳ]]  ከምኡውን ኣብ [[ተፋሰስ ኮንጐ]] ዜጋጠመ ኪኸውን ከሎ፡ እቲ ክልተ ድማ ኣብ 1920ን 1970ን ኣብ ሓያለ ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ ዜጋጠመ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ከም ላም ዝኣመሰሉ ካልኦት እንሳታት፡ ነቲ ሕማም ክስከሙን በቲ ሕማም ክልከፉን ይኽእሉ እዮም። <ref name=WHO2013/> ==መወከሲታት== <references /> qk34lxthnz3ttxy4zj7ma1bql7fjloa 0 3770 17346 2014-06-13T09:43:49Z CFCF 3447 Redirected page to [[ኣፍሪካን ትራይፓኖሶሚያሲስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣፍሪካን ትራይፓኖሶሚያሲስ]] gi2knwjuuz8xglzbyfcah1lfgmx1w9j 10 3771 23680 17441 2022-05-25T13:30:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሕማም]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሕማም]] ivdvwbrx6qdtf6pc1ynlq94rxuyk2nq 828 3772 24413 24409 2023-07-04T20:53:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements {{Infobox}} -- local p = {} local HtmlBuilder = require('Module:HtmlBuilder') local BadgesCategorization = require('Module:Badges categorization') local frame = {} local args local root local widthImage = '320px' function union(t1, t2) -- Returns the union of the values of two tables, as a sequence. local vals = {} for k, v in pairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for k, v in pairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(vals) do table.insert(ret, k) end return ret end local function debugEmpty(content) if content and content ~= '' then return content end end local function getArgNums(prefix) -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix. For example, if the prefix was 'data', and -- 'data1', 'data2', and 'data5' exist, it would return {1, 2, 5}. local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match('^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end local function addrow(rowArgs) -- Adds a row to the infobox, with either a header cell -- or a label/data cell combination. if rowArgs.section then root .tag('tr') .tag('th') .attr('colspan', 3) .addClass(rowArgs.rowclass) .css('text-align', 'center') .cssText(rowArgs.sectionstyle or args.sectionstyle) .wikitext(rowArgs.section) elseif rowArgs.data then local row = root.tag('tr') row.addClass(rowArgs.rowclass) if rowArgs.label then row .tag('th') .attr('scope', 'row') .css('text-align', 'left') .addClass(rowArgs.rowclass) .cssText(rowArgs.labelstyle or args.labelstyle) .wikitext(rowArgs.label) .done() end local dataCell = row.tag('td') if rowArgs.label then dataCell .attr('colspan', 2) else dataCell .attr('colspan', 3) .css('text-align', 'center') end dataCell .addClass(rowArgs.class) .cssText(rowArgs.datastyle or args.datastyle) .wikitext('\n' .. rowArgs.data) --.newline() end end local function renderTitle() if not args.title then return end local header = {} if args.media == 'yes' and args.classtitle then header = 'media ' .. args['classtitle'] elseif args.media == 'yes' then header = 'media ' elseif args.headertype then header = 'header ' .. args.headertype elseif args.classtitle then header = 'header ' .. args.classtitle else header = 'header ' end root .tag('tr') .tag('th') .attr('colspan', 3) .addClass(header) .css('text-align', 'center') .css('background-color', args.backgroundcolor or args.colorbackgroundtitle or 'transparent') .css('color', args.textcolor or 'black') .cssText(args.titlestyle) .wikitext(args.title) end local function renderAboveRow() if not args.above and not args.title2 then return end root .tag('tr') .tag('th') .attr('colspan', 3) .addClass(args.aboveclass or args.titleclass2) .css('text-align', 'center') .css('font-size', '125%') .css('font-weight', 'bold') .cssText(args.abovestyle) .wikitext(args.above) end local function renderTableFooter()-- Table footer, it will appear at the bottom of the table if not args.tablefooter then return end root .tag('tr') .tag('td') .attr('colspan', '3') .addClass(args.tablefooterclass) .css('text-align', 'center') .cssText(args.tablefooterstyle) .wikitext(args.tablefooter) end local function renderBottomImage()-- Image that will appear at the bottom of the table if not args.bottomimage then return end bottomimage = {} if args['bottomimagesize'] == nil or args['bottomimagesize'] == '' then args['bottomimagesize'] = widthImage end if string.find(args.bottomimage, '[{[]') == nil then bottomimage = ('[[ፋይል:' .. args.bottomimage .. '|'.. args['bottomimagesize'] .. ']]' ) else bottomimage = args.bottomimage end root .tag('tr') .tag('td') .attr('colspan', '3') .addClass('image ' .. (args.bottomimageclass or '') ) .css('text-align', 'center') .cssText(args.bottomimagestyle) .newline() .wikitext(bottomimage) .tag('br', {selfClosing = true}) .done() .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .cssText(args.bottomfooterstyle) .wikitext(args.bottomfooter) .done() .newline() end local function renderAboveImage()-- Image that will appear at the top of the table if not args.aboveimage then return end if args['aboveimagesize'] == nil or args['aboveimagesize'] == '' then args['aboveimagesize'] = widthImage end aboveimage = {} if string.find(args.aboveimage, '[{[]') == nil then aboveimage = ('[[ፋይል:' .. args.aboveimage .. '|'.. args['aboveimagesize'] .. ']]' ) else aboveimage = args.aboveimage end root .tag('tr') .tag('td') .attr('colspan', '3') .addClass('image ' .. (args.aboveimageclass or '') ) .css('text-align', 'center') .cssText(args.aboveimagestyle) .newline() .wikitext(aboveimage) .tag('br', {selfClosing = true}) .done() .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .cssText(args.abovefooterstyle) .wikitext(args.abovefooter) .done() .newline() end local function renderSubtitles()-- Subtitles of the infobox if args.subtitle then args.subtitle1 = args.subtitle end if args.subtitleclass then args.subtitleclass1 = args.subtitleclass end local subtitlenumber = getArgNums('subtitle') for k, num in ipairs(subtitlenumber) do addrow({ data = args['subtitle' .. num], datastyle = args['subtitlestyle' .. num] or args.subtitlestyle, class = args.subtitleclass, rowclass = args['subtitleclass' .. num] }) end end local function renderaboverows()-- rows above side images if args.abovedata then args.abovedata1 = args.abovedata end if args.abovedataclass then args.abovedataclass1 = args.abovedataclass end if args.abovedatastyle then args.abovedatastyle1 = args.abovedatastyle end local abovedatanumber = getArgNums('abovedata') for k, num in ipairs(abovedatanumber) do addrow({ data = args['abovedata' .. num], datastyle = args['abovedatastyle' .. num], class = args.abovedataclass, rowclass = args['abovedataclass' .. num] }) end end local function renderSideimages() -- Images that will appear above in a geminate way for example shields and flags if args['leftimagesize'] == "" or args['leftimagesize'] == nil then args['leftimagesize'] = '100px' end if args['rightimagesize'] == "" or args['rightimagesize'] == nil then args['rightimagesize'] = '100px' end if args.rightimage and args.leftimage then if args.leftfooter then leftbrconditional = 'br' end if args.rightfooter then rightbrconditional = 'br' end root .tag('tr') .tag('td') --.attr('cellspacing', '0em') --.attr('padding','0em') .attr('colspan', '3') .css('align', 'center') .tag('table') -- it has to go inside a table so that the rows don't deform it .css('width', '100%') .addClass('mergedrow') .tag('tr') .tag('td') .css('text-align', 'center') .css('background-color', 'transparent') .addClass(args.leftimageclass) .css('align', 'center')-- It aligns in the horizontal center .css('text-align', 'center') -- It aligns in the horizontal center .css('vertical-align', 'middle')-- It aligns in the vertical center .cssText(args.leftimagestyle) .wikitext('[[ፋይል:' .. args.leftimage .. '|' .. args['leftimagesize'] .. ']]' ) .tag(leftbrconditional) .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .cssText(args.leftfooterstyle) .wikitext(args.leftfooter) .done() .tag('td') .css('text-align', 'center')-- It aligns in the horizontal center .css('align', 'center')-- It aligns in the horizontal center .css('vertical-align', 'middle')-- It aligns in the vertical center .css('background-color', 'transparent') .addClass(args.rightimageclass) .cssText(args.rightimagestyle) .wikitext('[[ፋይል:' .. args.rightimage .. '|' .. args['rightimagesize'] .. ']]' ) .tag(rightbrconditional) .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .cssText(args.rightfootersyle) .wikitext(args.rightfooter) .done() .newline() elseif args.rightimage or args.leftimage then -- If only one of the two, the image that appears will be in the center imageS = {} if args.rightimage ~= '' and args.rightimage ~= nil then imageS = 'rightimage' elseif args.leftimage ~= '' and args.leftimage ~= nil then imageS = 'leftimage' end footerS = {} if args.rightimage then footerS = 'rightfooter' elseif args.leftimage then footerS = 'leftfooter' end root .tag('tr') .tag('td') .attr('colspan', '3') .addClass(args['class' .. imageS]) .css('text-align', 'center') .cssText(args['style' .. imageS]) .newline() .wikitext('[[ፋይል:' .. args[imageS] .. '|'.. args['size'..imageS] .. ']]' ) .tag('br') .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .cssText(args['style' .. footerS]) .wikitext(args[footerS]) .done() end end local function renderImages() -- Can create infinite number of images if args.image then args.image1 = args.image end if args['imagesize'] then args['imagesize1'] = args['imagesize'] end if args.footer then args.footer1 = args.footer end local imagenums = getArgNums('image') for k, num in ipairs(imagenums) do local footer = args['footer' .. num] local floating = args['floatingimage' .. num] or false if args['imagesize'..num] == nil then args['imagesize'..num] = widthImage end image = {} local searchString = mw.ustring.gsub(args['image'..num],'UNIQ','[') -- So that this does not cause problems with certain templates if mw.ustring.find(searchString, '[{[|]') == nil then -- Check if there is [ or { to not add prefix image = ('[[ፋይል:' .. args['image' .. num] .. '|'.. args['imagesize' ..num] .. ']]' ) else image = args['image'..num] end local data = HtmlBuilder.create().wikitext(image) if footer and not floating then data .tag('br', {selfClosing = true}) .done() end if footer then data .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .cssText(args.footerstyle) .wikitext(footer) .done() end addrow({ data = tostring(data), datastyle = args.imagestyle, class = args.imageclass, rowclass = args['imageclass' .. num] }) end end local function renderRows() -- Gets the union of the header and data argument numbers, -- and renders them all in order using addRow. local rownums = union(getArgNums('section'), getArgNums('data')) table.sort(rownums) for k, num in ipairs(rownums) do addrow({ subtitlestyle = debugEmpty(args['subtitlestyle' .. num]), section = debugEmpty(args['section' .. num]), sectionstyle = debugEmpty(args['sectionstyle' .. num]), label = debugEmpty(args['label' .. num]), data = debugEmpty(args['data' .. num]), labelstyle = debugEmpty(args['labelstyle' .. num]), datastyle = debugEmpty(args['datastyle' .. num]), class = debugEmpty(args['class' .. num]), rowclass = debugEmpty(args['rowclass' .. num]) }) end end function hasDataRow(row) -- Function that returns true if the row or group of rows (in the case of -- sections) has data. if row.kind == 'section' then for k, rowSection in ipairs(row) do if hasDataRow(rowSection) then return true end end elseif row.kind == 'succession' then if debugEmpty(row[1]) or debugEmpty(row['last']) or debugEmpty(row[3]) or debugEmpty(row['Next']) then return true end else if debugEmpty(row[2]) or debugEmpty(row['data']) then return true end end return false end function addSuccession(successionArguments) local row = root.tag('tr') row.css('font-size', '88%') row.css('text-align', 'center') local cell local width width = '33%' cell = row.tag('td') cell .css('width', width) .css('padding', '0.2em 0.1em 0.2em 0') .css('vertical-align', 'middle') if successionArguments['font style'] then cell .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .css('font-style', successionArguments['font style']) .wikitext(successionArguments.last) .done() else cell.wikitext(successionArguments.last) end if successionArguments['last year'] then cell .tag('br') .wikitext('(' .. successionArguments['last year'] .. ')') end cell = row.tag('td') cell .css('width', width) .css('padding', '0.2em 0.1em') .css('vertical-align', 'middle') .css('background-color', successionArguments.color or '#E6E8FA') cell .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .css('font-weight', 'bold') .css('font-style', successionArguments['font style'] or '') .wikitext(successionArguments.current or args.title) .done() if successionArguments['year'] then cell .tag('br') .wikitext('(' .. successionArguments['year'] .. ')') end cell = row.tag('td') cell .css('width', width) .css('padding', '0.2em 0 0.2em 0.1em') .css('vertical-align', 'middle') if successionArguments['font style'] then cell .tag('div') .css('display','inline') .css('font-style', successionArguments['font style']) .wikitext(successionArguments.Next) .done() else cell.wikitext(successionArguments.Next) end if successionArguments['next year'] then cell .tag('br') .wikitext('(' .. successionArguments['next year'] .. ')') end end function renderTableRows(board) -- Function that makes up the rows of a table, either the file or a section of it. local addedSectionTitle = false for k, row in ipairs(table) do if hasDataRow(row) then if row.kind == 'section' then -- Add the title of the section (if you are informed) local sectiontitle = debugEmpty(row.title) or debugEmpty(row['title']) if sectiontitle then addrow({ sectionstyle = row['titlestyle'], section = sectiontitle }) end renderTableRows(board) elseif row.kind == 'dropdown section' then -- MISSING elseif row.kind == 'succession' then addSuccession({ ['last'] = debugEmpty(row[1]) or debugEmpty(row['last']), ['current'] = debugEmpty(row['current']), ['Next'] = debugEmpty(row[3]) or debugEmpty(row['Next']), ['last year'] = debugEmpty(row['last year']), ['year'] = debugEmpty(row['year']), ['next year'] = debugEmpty(row['next year']), ['font style'] = debugEmpty(row['font style']), ['color'] = debugEmpty(row['color']) }) elseif row.kind == 'two columns' then -- MISSING elseif row.kind == 'three columns' then -- MISSING else -- Label + Data or just Data addrow({ label = debugEmpty(row[1]) or debugEmpty(row['label']), data = debugEmpty(row[2]) or debugEmpty(row['data']), labelstyle = row['labelstyle'] or board['labelstyle'], datastyle = row['datastyle'] or board['datastyle'], class = row['class'] or board['class'], rowclass = row['rowclass'] or board['rowclass'] }) end end end end local function renderNavigationBar()-- Create a link to the template that is given with a name at the bottom if not args.name then return end root .tag('tr') .tag('td') .attr('colspan', '3') .css('text-align', 'right') .wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({ title = 'navbar', args = { args.name, mini = 1 } })) end local function renderBarWikidata()-- Create a link to the Wikidata item at the bottom local pageLink = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText local pageLabel = mw.ustring.gsub(pageLink,'%s%(.*%)','') local entity = args.entity or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() local footerText = "" if (args.child == 'yes' or args.integrated == 'yes' or args.wikidata == 'no') or (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace ~= 0 and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace ~= 104 and not args.entity) then footerText = '' elseif entity ~= "" and entity ~= nil then footerText = '<div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">&#x5B;[[d:' .. tostring(entity) .. '|ኣብ ዊኪዳታ ሓበሬታ ኣርትዕ]]&#x5D;</div>' if (entity ~= mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()) and (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 104) then footerText = footerText .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with infoboxes that use arbitrary access]]' end else footerText = "<small>'''Page not linked to [[Wikidata]]'''\n".. "* If it does not exist in other Wikipedias: [<span class=plainlinks>[//www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Special:NewItem&site=eswiki&page="..mw.uri.encode(pageLink,WIKI) .."&label="..mw.uri.encode(pageLabel,WIKI) .." create&nbsp;new&nbsp;item]]</span>\n".. "* If it exists in other Wikipedias: [<span class=plainlinks>[[:d:Special:ItemByTitle|search&nbsp;ítem&nbsp;to&nbsp;link]]</span>]\n".. "and add the link in Tigrinya: ".. pageLink ..".</small>" end if footerText ~= '' then root .tag('tr') .tag('td') .addClass('noprint') .attr('colspan', '3') .css('text-align', 'left') .wikitext(footerText) end end local function renderTrackingCategories() if args.decat ~= 'yes' and #(getArgNums('data')) == 0 and not args[1] and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then root.wikitext('[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles using infobox without data in rows]]') end if BadgesCategorization.hasAnyBadge() == '1' then root.wikitext(BadgesCategorization.badgesCategories()) end end function _infobox() if args.child ~= 'yes' and args.integrated ~= 'yes' then root = HtmlBuilder.create('table') root -- Style of the entire infobox .addClass('infobox') .addClass(args.class) .cssText('width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em') -- Same as template:Infobox .cssText(args.style) if args.style and (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 10) then -- So that it only adds it in the template namespace root.wikitext('[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Infoboxes with the style parameter]]') end renderTitle() renderAboveRow() else root = HtmlBuilder.create() if args.title then root.wikitext("'''" .. args.title .. "'''") end end renderSubtitles() renderAboveImage() renderSideimages() renderaboverows() renderImages() if not args[1] then renderRows() else renderTableRows(args) end renderBottomImage() renderTableFooter() renderNavigationBar() renderBarWikidata() renderTrackingCategories() return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Template:Infobox/imagelimit.css' } } .. tostring(root) end local function touchParameters(prefixTable, origArgs, step) -- If the argument exists and isn't blank, add it to the argument table. -- Blank arguments are treated as nil to match the behaviour of ParserFunctions. if type(prefixTable) ~= 'table' or type(origArgs) ~= 'table' then error("Invalid input detected for the touchParameters function. Both parameters must be tables.", 2) end if step and type(step) ~= 'number' then error("Invalid step value detected", 2) end step = step or 20 local temp local a = 1 local moreArgumentsExist = true for j,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do if not type(v) == "string" then error("Non-string value detected in table prefix by touchParameters function.", 2) end temp = origArgs[v] end while moreArgumentsExist == true do moreArgumentsExist = false for i = a, a + step - 1 do for j,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do temp = origArgs[v .. tostring(i)] if temp then moreArgumentsExist = true end end end a = a + step end end function p.infobox(frame) local origArgs frame = frame -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template. -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in. if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then origArgs = frame:getParent().args else origArgs = frame end -- Parse the data parameters in the same order that the old {{infobox}} did, so that -- references etc. will display in the expected places. local temp temp = origArgs.title temp = origArgs.above touchParameters({'subtitle'}, origArgs, 5) touchParameters({'image', 'footer'}, origArgs, 5) touchParameters({'section', 'label', 'data'}, origArgs, 20) temp = origArgs.tablefooter -- The function parser considers an empty string to be false, so to preserve the previous -- behavior of {{Infobox}}, you must change the empty arguments to zero, so Lua will consider them -- which are false too (except for 'title italic' parameters, which specifies different behavior -- depending on whether it is absent or empty) args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return _infobox() end return p 5l9kk1isqcrdg63ltr6oxnhyg0uu8jc 10 3773 21453 20982 2020-12-12T23:16:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Infobox]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> kekwffpohefqydvb7nr6w3flbkqoq0x 10 3774 22594 21790 2021-04-14T21:48:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Documentation]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Documentation/start box|{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}}} {{#ifexist: {{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}} | __NOEDITSECTION__{{ {{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|ns:0 }} | {{poor documentation|0}} }}<div style="clear: both;"></div> </includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ihh9n52zx6eqlygkl2721pyzig7jq3l 828 3775 17352 2014-06-16T21:45:00Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: -- This module implements {{documentation}}. -- Get required modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local htmlBuilder = require('Module:HtmlBuilder') l... Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{documentation}}. -- Get required modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local htmlBuilder = require('Module:HtmlBuilder') local messageBox = require('Module:Message box') -- Get the config table. local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- Often-used functions. local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -- -- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p -- table for testing purposes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate. -- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not -- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'. -- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the -- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc. -- For example, if the message "foo-message" had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.', -- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4) end local ret = ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) return ret end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return mw.ustring.format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return mw.ustring.format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return mw.ustring.format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end return '<small style="font-style: normal;">(' .. table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') .. ')</small>' end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Argument processing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace. if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Main function ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- This function defines logic flow for the module. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user -- -- Messages: -- 'main-div-id' --> 'template-documentation' -- 'main-div-classes' --> 'template-documentation iezoomfix' --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = htmlBuilder.create() root .wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) .wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) -- This div tag is from {{documentation/start box}}, but moving it here -- so that we don't have to worry about unclosed tags. .tag('div') .attr('id', message('main-div-id')) .addClass(message('main-div-classes')) .newline() .wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) .wikitext(p._content(args, env)) .tag('div') .css('clear', 'both') -- So right or left floating items don't stick out of the doc box. .newline() .done() .done() .wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) .wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) return tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Environment settings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title objects and other namespace- or -- path-related data. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user -- -- Title objects include: -- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title) -- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.) -- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage. -- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage. -- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage. -- env.printTitle - the print version of the template, located at the /Print subpage. -- -- Data includes: -- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object. -- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace. -- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in. -- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace. -- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template. -- -- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value -- returned will be nil. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value -- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions -- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- Memoise the value. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- The template (or module, etc.) title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- Title object of the /doc subpage. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /sandbox subpage. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /testcases subpage. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.printTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /Print subpage. -- Messages: -- 'print-subpage' --> 'Print' --]] return env.templateTitle:subPageTitle(message('print-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- The protection levels table of the title object. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- The subject namespace number. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the same as the -- subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File, MediaWiki or Category -- namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages in talk space. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages. -- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]]. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.fullUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', {page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Auxiliary templates ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[Image:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, "image" and "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '' local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local isPreviewing = frame:preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') == '' -- True if the page is being previewed. local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if isPreviewing or not compareUrl then text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) else local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) end -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.namespace == mw.site.namespaces.Module.id then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category. text = text .. makeCategoryLink(message('sandbox-category')) omargs.text = text local ret = '<div style="clear: both;"></div>' ret = ret .. messageBox.main('ombox', omargs) return ret end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local title = env.title local protectionLevels local protectionTemplate = message('protection-template') local namespace = title.namespace if not (protectionTemplate and (namespace == 10 or namespace == 828)) then -- Don't display the protection template if we are not in the template or module namespaces. return nil end protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editLevels = protectionLevels.edit local moveLevels = protectionLevels.move if moveLevels and moveLevels[1] == 'sysop' or editLevels and editLevels[1] then -- The page is full-move protected, or full, template, or semi-protected. local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{title = protectionTemplate, args = message('protection-template-args', nil, 'table')} else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- This function generates the start box. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox -- which generate the box HTML. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content then -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- Generate the start box html. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- User specified no heading. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'file-docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-filespace' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end local data = {} data.title = title data.docTitle = docTitle -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists. data.viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display') data.editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display') data.historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display') data.purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display') -- Create link if /doc doesn't exist. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace preload = message('file-docpage-preload') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end data.preload = preload data.createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') return data end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links from the data table. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData --]] local function escapeBrackets(s) -- Escapes square brackets with HTML entities. s = s:gsub('%[', '&#91;') -- Replace square brackets with HTML entities. s = s:gsub('%]', '&#93;') return s end local ret local docTitle = data.docTitle local title = data.title if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'}, data.historyLinkDisplay) local purgeLink = makeUrlLink(title:fullUrl{action = 'purge'}, data.purgeLinkDisplay) ret = '[%s] [%s] [%s] [%s]' ret = escapeBrackets(ret) ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, viewLink, editLink, historyLink, purgeLink) else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) ret = '[%s]' ret = escapeBrackets(ret) ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, createLink) end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=Documentation icon]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'start-box-linkclasses' --> 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' -- 'start-box-link-id' --> 'doc_editlinks' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output -- if an error occurs. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed. if heading == '' then -- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- We are in the template or template talk namespaces. data.headingFontWeight = 'bold' data.headingFontSize = '125%' else data.headingFontSize = '150%' end -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links. if links then data.linksClass = message('start-box-linkclasses') data.linksId = message('start-box-link-id') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- Renders the start box html. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData. local sbox = htmlBuilder.create('div') sbox .css('padding-bottom', '3px') .css('border-bottom', '1px solid #aaa') .css('margin-bottom', '1ex') .newline() .tag('span') .cssText(data.headingStyleText) .css('font-weight', data.headingFontWeight) .css('font-size', data.headingFontSize) .wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox.tag('span') .addClass(data.linksClass) .attr('id', data.linksId) .wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'fmbox-id' --> 'documentation-meta-data' -- 'fmbox-style' --> 'background-color: #ecfcf4' -- 'fmbox-textstyle' --> 'font-style: italic' -- -- The HTML is generated by the {{fmbox}} template, courtesy of [[Module:Message box]]. --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the arguments for {{fmbox}}. local fmargs = {} fmargs.id = message('fmbox-id') -- Sets 'documentation-meta-data' fmargs.image = 'none' fmargs.style = message('fmbox-style') -- Sets 'background-color: #ecfcf4' fmargs.textstyle = message('fmbox-textstyle') -- 'font-style: italic;' -- Assemble the fmbox text field. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) text = text .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" local printBlurb = p.makePrintBlurb(args, env) -- Two-line blurb about print versions of templates. if printBlurb then text = text .. '<br />' .. printBlurb end end end fmargs.text = text return messageBox.main('fmbox', fmargs) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local ret if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'} local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeUrlLink(editUrl, editDisplay) local historyUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'} local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeUrlLink(historyUrl, historyDisplay) ret = message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) ret = message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end return ret end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'} local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxEditUrl, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templatePage, summary = mirrorSummary} local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesEditUrl, testcasesEditDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end function p.makePrintBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates the blurb displayed when there is a print version of the template available. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'print-link-display' --> '/Print' -- 'print-blurb' --> 'A [[Help:Books/for experts#Improving the book layout|print version]]' -- .. ' of this template exists at $1.' -- .. ' If you make a change to this template, please update the print version as well.' -- 'display-print-category' --> true -- 'print-category' --> 'Templates with print versions' --]=] local printTitle = env.printTitle if not printTitle then return nil end local ret if printTitle.exists then local printLink = makeWikilink(printTitle.prefixedText, message('print-link-display')) ret = message('print-blurb', {printLink}) local displayPrintCategory = message('display-print-category', nil, 'boolean') if displayPrintCategory then ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message('print-category')) end end return ret end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText local ret = '' if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return ret end return p drgfpe7psab5nogkpavwbhpnu3f1nzo 828 3776 21451 17353 2020-12-12T23:14:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞድዩል:HtmlBuilder]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) Scribunto text/plain -- Module for building complex HTML (e.g. infoboxes, navboxes) using a fluent interface. local HtmlBuilder = {} local metatable = {} metatable.__index = function(t, key) local ret = rawget(t, key) if ret then return ret end ret = metatable[key] if type(ret) == 'function' then return function(...) return ret(t, ...) end else return ret end end metatable.__tostring = function(t) local ret = {} t._build(ret) return table.concat(ret) end metatable._build = function(t, ret) if t.tagName then table.insert(ret, '<' .. t.tagName) for i, attr in ipairs(t.attributes) do table.insert(ret, ' ' .. attr.name .. '="' .. attr.val .. '"') end if #t.styles > 0 then table.insert(ret, ' style="') for i, prop in ipairs(t.styles) do if type(prop) == 'string' then -- added with cssText() table.insert(ret, prop .. ';') else -- added with css() table.insert(ret, prop.name .. ':' .. prop.val .. ';') end end table.insert(ret, '"') end if t.selfClosing then table.insert(ret, ' /') end table.insert(ret, '>') end for i, node in ipairs(t.nodes) do if node then if type(node) == 'table' then node._build(ret) else table.insert(ret, tostring(node)) end end end if t.tagName and not t.unclosed and not t.selfClosing then table.insert(ret, '</' .. t.tagName .. '>') end end metatable.node = function(t, builder) if builder then table.insert(t.nodes, builder) end return t end metatable.wikitext = function(t, ...) local vals = {...} for i = 1, #vals do if vals[i] then table.insert(t.nodes, vals[i]) end end return t end metatable.newline = function(t) table.insert(t.nodes, '\n') return t end metatable.tag = function(t, tagName, args) args = args or {} args.parent = t local builder = HtmlBuilder.create(tagName, args) table.insert(t.nodes, builder) return builder end local function getAttr(t, name) for i, attr in ipairs(t.attributes) do if attr.name == name then return attr end end end metatable.attr = function(t, name, val) if type(val) == 'string' or type(val) == 'number' then -- if caller sets the style attribute explicitly, then replace all styles previously added with css() and cssText() if name == 'style' then t.styles = {val} return t end local attr = getAttr(t, name) if attr then attr.val = val else table.insert(t.attributes, {name = name, val = val}) end end return t end metatable.addClass = function(t, class) if class then local attr = getAttr(t, 'class') if attr then attr.val = attr.val .. ' ' .. class else t.attr('class', class) end end return t end metatable.css = function(t, name, val) if type(val) == 'string' or type(val) == 'number' then for i, prop in ipairs(t.styles) do if prop.name == name then prop.val = val return t end end table.insert(t.styles, {name = name, val = val}) end return t end metatable.cssText = function(t, css) if css then table.insert(t.styles, css) end return t end metatable.done = function(t) return t.parent or t end metatable.allDone = function(t) while t.parent do t = t.parent end return t end function HtmlBuilder.create(tagName, args) args = args or {} local builder = {} setmetatable(builder, metatable) builder.nodes = {} builder.attributes = {} builder.styles = {} builder.tagName = tagName builder.parent = args.parent builder.unclosed = args.unclosed or false builder.selfClosing = args.selfClosing or false return builder end return HtmlBuilder ait58gp3hn4i3oyevj1ucebrzvyok1o 828 3777 17396 17354 2014-07-13T12:44:23Z CFCF 3447 Scribunto text/plain -- Inputs: -- image - Can either be a bare filename (with or without the File:/Image: prefix) or a fully formatted image link -- size - size to display the image -- maxsize - maximum size for image -- sizedefault - default size to display the image if size param is blank -- alt - alt text for image -- title - title text for image -- border - set to yes if border -- center - set to yes, if the image has to be centered -- upright - upright image param -- suppressplaceholder - if yes then checks to see if image is a placeholder and suppresses it -- link - page to visit when clicking on image -- Outputs: -- Formatted image. -- More details available at the "Module:InfoboxImage/doc" page local i = {}; local placeholder_image = { "Blue - Replace this image female.svg", "Blue - Replace this image male.svg", "Female no free image yet.png", "Flag of None (square).svg", "Flag of None.svg", "Flag of.svg", "Green - Replace this image female.svg", "Green - Replace this image male.svg", "Image is needed female.svg", "Image is needed male.svg", "Location map of None.svg", "Male no free image yet.png", "Missing flag.png", "No flag.svg", "No free portrait.svg", "No portrait (female).svg", "No portrait (male).svg", "Red - Replace this image female.svg", "Red - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image female (blue).svg", "Replace this image female.svg", "Replace this image male (blue).svg", "Replace this image male.svg", "Silver - Replace this image female.svg", "Silver - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image.svg", "Cricket no pic.png", "CarersLogo.gif", "Diagram Needed.svg", "Example.jpg", "Image placeholder.png", "No male portrait.svg", "Nocover-upload.png", "NoDVDcover copy.png", "Noribbon.svg", "No portrait-BFD-test.svg", "Placeholder barnstar ribbon.png", "Project Trains no image.png", "Image-request.png", "Sin bandera.svg", "Sin escudo.svg", "Replace this image - temple.png", "Replace this image butterfly.png", "Replace this image.svg", "Replace this image1.svg", "Resolution angle.png", "Image-No portrait-text-BFD-test.svg", "Insert image here.svg", "No image available.png", "NO IMAGE YET square.png", "NO IMAGE YET.png", "No Photo Available.svg", "No Screenshot.svg", "No-image-available.jpg", "Null.png", "PictureNeeded.gif", "Place holder.jpg", "Unbenannt.JPG", "UploadACopyrightFreeImage.svg", "UploadAnImage.gif", "UploadAnImage.svg", "UploadAnImageShort.svg", } function i.IsPlaceholder(image) -- change underscores to spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "_", " "); -- if image starts with [[ then remove that and anything after | if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then image = mw.ustring.sub(image,3); image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "([^|]*)|.*", "%1"); end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- capitalise first letter image = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(image,2); for i,j in pairs(placeholder_image) do if image == j then return true end end return false end function i.InfoboxImage(frame) local image = frame.args["image"]; if image == "" or image == nil then return ""; end if image == "&nbsp;" then return image; end if frame.args["suppressplaceholder"] ~= "no" then if i.IsPlaceholder(image) == true then return ""; end end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5)) == "http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,8)) == "[[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then -- search for thumbnail images and add to tracking cat if found if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 and (mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumb%s*[|%]]") or mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumbnail%s*[|%]]")) then return image .. "[[Category:Pages using infoboxes with thumbnail images]]"; else return image; end elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "{{" and mw.ustring.sub(image,1,3) ~= "{{{" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1) == "<" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5) == mw.ustring.char(127).."UNIQ" then -- Found strip marker at begining, so pass don't process at all return image; else local result = ""; local size = frame.args["size"]; local maxsize = frame.args["maxsize"]; local sizedefault = frame.args["sizedefault"]; local alt = frame.args["alt"]; local link = frame.args["link"]; local title = frame.args["title"]; local border = frame.args["border"]; local upright = frame.args["upright"] or ""; local thumbtime = frame.args["thumbtime"] or ""; local center= frame.args["center"]; -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end if maxsize ~= "" and maxsize ~= nil then -- if no sizedefault then set to maxsize if sizedefault == "" or sizedefault == nil then sizedefault = maxsize end -- check to see if size bigger than maxsize if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then local sizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(size,"%d*")) or 0; local maxsizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(maxsize,"%d*")) or 0; if sizenumber>maxsizenumber and maxsizenumber>0 then size = maxsize; end end end -- add px to size if just a number if (tonumber(size) or 0) > 0 then size = size .. "px"; end result = "[[File:" .. image; if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. size; elseif sizedefault ~= "" and sizedefault ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. sizedefault; else result = result .. "|frameless"; end if center == "yes" then result = result .. "|center" end if alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|alt=" .. alt; end if link ~= "" and link ~= nil then result = result .. "|link=" .. link; end if border == "yes" then result = result .. "|border"; end if upright ~= "" then result = result .. "|upright=" .. upright; end if thumbtime ~= "" then result = result .. "|thumbtime=" .. thumbtime; end if title ~= "" and title ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. title; elseif alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. alt; end result = result .. "]]"; return result; end end return i; 3ac74xu6cc39qhgy20pkwlgaewoetbu 10 3778 17355 2014-06-16T21:50:18Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{#ifeq: {{{1|}}} | H | {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} >= 0 and {{{2|}}} < 60 | ICD-10 Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa | {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} >= 60 | ICD-10 Chapte... wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{#ifeq: {{{1|}}} | H | {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} >= 0 and {{{2|}}} < 60 | ICD-10 Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa | {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} >= 60 | ICD-10 Chapter VIII: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | ICD-10 Chapter H }} }} | ICD-10 Chapter {{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}]][http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/{{{1}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}} {{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}}]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> qu6gervjpcg01kjw33s2fk73fzv2nfu 10 3779 17356 2014-06-16T21:50:57Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> |... wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Template}} | template | other }} }} | template = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<!--End switch--><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 0tcssjmltwl7y5v3f5wj2kqciaabqly 10 3780 17357 2014-06-16T21:52:03Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style =... wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}} | content = {{{content|}}} | docpage = {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | doc exist = {{#ifexist: {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} <!--Other docname fed--> | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | yes }} }}<noinclude> {{pp-template}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> evvfdz38x89xmzvm8q6m4pimyhoko4m 10 3781 23065 21792 2021-08-25T20:48:55Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Start of green doc box --> <div id="template-documentation" class="template-documentation"> <!-- Add the heading at the top of the doc box: -->{{#ifeq: {{{ኣርእስቲ|¬}}} | <!--Defined but empty--> | <!--"ኣርእስቲ=", do nothing--> | <div style="padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: 1ex;"><span style="{{#if: {{{ቅዲ-ኣርእስቲ|}}} | {{{ቅዲ-ኣርእስቲ|}}} | {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:10}} | {{ns:828}} = font-weight: bold; font-size: 125% | #default = font-size: 150% }} 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|full=Full-protection-shackle.svg |semi=Semi-protection-shackle.svg |template=Template-protection-shackle.svg |cascade=Cascade-protection-shackle.svg |extended=Extended-protection-shackle.svg |move=Move-protection-shackle.svg |indef=Interface-protection-shackle.svg |office=Office-protection-shackle.svg |create=Create-protection-shackle.svg |upload=Upload-protection-shackle.svg |#default=Transparent.gif }}}}}|40px|{{{icon-text|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|template |{{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}} |10|828=This is a permanently protected {{pp-meta/pagetype}} |#default=This page is permanently protected }} |This page is {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |pc1=protected with pending changes level 1 |pc2=protected with pending changes level 2 |semi=semi-protected |move=move-protected |indef=permanently protected |create=creation-protected |office=protected<!--should this have a special tag?--> |full |#default=protected }} }}.}}}]] | text = '''{{{reason-text|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |full=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]] from editing |semi=Editing of this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} by [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Help:Protection|disabled]] |pc1=All edits made to this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} by [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]] users are currently [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]] |pc2=All edits made to this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} by users who are not [[Wikipedia:Reviewing|reviewers]] or [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] are currently [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]] |move=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]] from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]] |template=This is a permanently [[Help:Protection|protected]] {{pp-meta/pagetype}}, as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]] |indef=This page is [[Help:Protection|protected]] from editing ''indefinitely'' |office=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]] from editing |create=[[Help:Starting a new page|Recreation]] of this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} [[Help:Protection|has been disabled]] }}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|indef||{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|&#32;until {{#time:F j, Y|{{{expiry}}}}}{{#if:{{{reason|}}}|,}}}}}}{{{reason<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}.}}}'''<br /> {{{explanation-text|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{dispute}}}}}|yes|This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the {{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|move|[{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=move&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} current title]|[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} current version]}}.}} See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protection policy]] and [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type={{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} | pc1 | pc2 = stable | #default = protect }}&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} | pc1 | pc2 = pending changes | #default = protection }} log] for more details. {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |full|indef=Please discuss any changes on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{{section}}}|top}}|talk page]]; you may {{Submit an edit request/link|display=submit a request}} to ask an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:8}}<!--MediaWiki-->||You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level|request]] that this page be unprotected.}} |semi=If you cannot edit this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} and you wish to make a change, you can {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}||{{submit an edit request/link|type=semi|display=request an edit}}, [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discuss changes on the talk page]],}} [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]]. |move=The page may still be edited but cannot be moved until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be unprotected. |template=Please discuss any changes on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{{section}}}|top}}|talk page]]; you may {{Submit an edit request/link|type=template|display=submit a request}} to ask an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:8}}<!--MediaWiki-->||You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that this page be unprotected.}} |office=If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and additions on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] first. '''Do not remove protection from this page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do so.''' |create=Please see the {{#if:{{{xfd|}}}|'''[[{{{xfd}}}|deletion discussion]]''' or the}} [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log] for details of why this page was deleted. If you would like to create a page at this title, you must first [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] for it to be unprotected, or contact the administrator who deleted the page for the deleted material to be restored. If unsuccessful, you can use [[Wikipedia:Deletion review|deletion review]]. }}}}} }} }}|<includeonly>[[Category:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates]]</includeonly>}}<!--End if small--><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}|templateeditorundefined|{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|Module=|[[Category:Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules]]}}}}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{categories|no}}}}}|no||{{{categories|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 30ry66r2dtjn9xekd5iki46deh62ao3 828 3784 17361 2014-06-16T21:58:04Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Configuration for Module:Documentatio... Scribunto text/plain ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Configuration for Module:Documentation -- -- Here you can set the values of the parameters and messages used in Module:Documentation to -- localise it to your wiki and your language. Unless specified otherwise, values given here -- should be string values. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- Do not edit this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection template configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['protection-template'] -- The name of the template that displays the protection icon (a padlock on enwiki). cfg['protection-template'] = 'pp-template' --[[ -- cfg['protection-template-args'] -- Any arguments to send to the protection template. This should be a Lua table. -- For example, if the protection template is "pp-template", and the wikitext template invocation -- looks like "{{pp-template|docusage=yes}}", then this table should look like "{docusage = 'yes'}". --]] cfg['protection-template-args'] = {docusage = 'yes'} --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox notice configuration -- -- On sandbox pages the module can display a template notifying users that the current page is a -- sandbox, and the location of test cases pages, etc. The module decides whether the page is a -- sandbox or not based on the value of cfg['sandbox-subpage']. The following settings configure the -- messages that the notices contains. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] -- The image displayed in the sandbox notice. cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] = '[[Image:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] -- The page type of the sandbox page. The message that is displayed depends on the current subject -- namespace. This message is used in either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] = 'sandbox page' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-display'] -- Either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] is the opening sentence -- of the sandbox notice. The latter has a diff link, but the former does not. $1 is the page -- type, which is either cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'], -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] depending what -- namespace we are in. $2 is a link to the main template page, and $3 is a diff link between -- the sandbox and the main template. The display value of the diff link is set by -- cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2.' cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display'] = 'diff' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit. $1 is a link to the test cases page. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] is the display value for that link. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit, along with a link to run it. $1 is a link to the test -- cases page, and $2 is a link to the page to run it. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] is the display value for the link to run the test -- cases. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] = 'test cases' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1 ($2).' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run' -- cfg['sandbox-category'] -- A category to add to all template sandboxes. cfg['sandbox-category'] = 'Template sandboxes' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] -- The wikitext for the icon shown at the top of the template. cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] = '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=Documentation icon]]' -- cfg['template-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the template namespace. cfg['template-namespace-heading'] = 'Template documentation' -- cfg['module-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the module namespace. cfg['module-namespace-heading'] = 'Module documentation' -- cfg['file-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the file namespace. cfg['file-namespace-heading'] = 'Summary' -- cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] -- The heading shown in other namespaces. cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] = 'Documentation' -- cfg['view-link-display'] -- The text to display for "view" links. cfg['view-link-display'] = 'view' -- cfg['edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for "edit" links. cfg['edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['history-link-display'] -- The text to display for "history" links. cfg['history-link-display'] = 'history' -- cfg['purge-link-display'] -- The text to display for "purge" links. cfg['purge-link-display'] = 'purge' -- cfg['create-link-display'] -- The text to display for "create" links. cfg['create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Link box (end box) configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] -- Notice displayed when the docs are transcluded from another page. $1 is a wikilink to that page. cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] = 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' --[[ -- cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] -- Notice displayed in the module namespace when the documentation subpage does not exist. -- $1 is a link to create the documentation page with the preload cfg['module-preload'] and the -- display cfg['create-link-display']. --]] cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] = 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Experiment blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] -- cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] -- The experiment blurb is the text inviting editors to experiment in sandbox and test cases pages. -- It is only shown in the template and module namespaces. With the default English settings, it -- might look like this: -- -- Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages. -- -- In this example, "sandbox", "edit", "diff", "testcases", and "edit" would all be links. -- -- There are two versions, cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] and cfg['experiment-blurb-module'], depending -- on what namespace we are in. -- -- Parameters: -- -- $1 is a link to the sandbox page. If the sandbox exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] | cfg['compare-link-display']) -- -- If the sandbox doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] | cfg['mirror-link-display']) -- -- The link for cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] link preloads the page with cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- or cfg['module-sandbox-preload'], depending on the current namespace. The link for cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- loads a default edit summary of cfg['mirror-edit-summary']. -- -- $2 is a link to the test cases page. If the test cases page exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-edit-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-create-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, the link for cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] preloads the -- page with cfg['template-testcases-preload'] or cfg['module-testcases-preload'], depending on the current -- namespace. --]] cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] = "Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages." cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] = "Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['sandbox-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for sandboxes. cfg['sandbox-subpage'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for template sandbox pages. cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module sandbox pages. cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] -- The text to display for "sandbox" links. cfg['sandbox-link-display'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "edit" links. cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "create" links. cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] = 'create' -- cfg['compare-link-display'] -- The text to display for "compare" links. cfg['compare-link-display'] = 'diff' -- cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] -- The default edit summary to use when a user clicks the "mirror" link. $1 is a wikilink to the -- template page. cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] = 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- The text to display for "mirror" links. cfg['mirror-link-display'] = 'mirror' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Test cases link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['testcases-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for test cases. cfg['testcases-subpage'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['template-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for template test cases pages. cfg['template-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- cfg['module-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module test cases pages. cfg['module-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] -- The text to display for "testcases" links. cfg['testcases-link-display'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "edit" links. cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "create" links. cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Add categories blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['add-categories-blurb'] -- Text to direct users to add categories to the /doc subpage. Not used if the "content" or -- "docname fed" arguments are set, as then it is not clear where to add the categories. $1 is a -- link to the /doc subpage with a display value of cfg['doc-link-display']. --]] cfg['add-categories-blurb'] = 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' -- cfg['doc-link-display'] -- The text to display when linking to the /doc subpage. cfg['doc-link-display'] = '/doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Subpages link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['subpages-blurb'] -- The "Subpages of this template" blurb. $1 is a link to the main template's subpages with a -- display value of cfg['subpages-link-display']. In the English version this blurb is simply -- the link followed by a period, and the link display provides the actual text. --]] cfg['subpages-blurb'] = '$1.' --[[ -- cfg['subpages-link-display'] -- The text to display for the "subpages of this page" link. $1 is cfg['template-pagetype'], -- cfg['module-pagetype'] or cfg['default-pagetype'], depending on whether the current page is in -- the template namespace, the module namespace, or another namespace. --]] cfg['subpages-link-display'] = 'Subpages of this $1' -- cfg['template-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for template pages. cfg['template-pagetype'] = 'template' -- cfg['module-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for Lua module pages. cfg['module-pagetype'] = 'module' -- cfg['default-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for pages other than templates or Lua modules. cfg['default-pagetype'] = 'page' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Doc link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['doc-subpage'] -- The name of the subpage typically used for documentation pages. cfg['doc-subpage'] = 'doc' -- cfg['file-docpage-preload'] -- Preload file for documentation page in the file namespace. cfg['file-docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-filespace' -- cfg['docpage-preload'] -- Preload file for template documentation pages in all namespaces. cfg['docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- cfg['module-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module documentation pages. cfg['module-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Print version configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['print-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage used for print versions. cfg['print-subpage'] = 'Print' -- cfg['print-link-display'] -- The text to display when linking to the /Print subpage. cfg['print-link-display'] = '/Print' -- cfg['print-blurb'] -- Text to display if a /Print subpage exists. $1 is a link to the subpage with a display value of cfg['print-link-display']. cfg['print-blurb'] = 'A [[Help:Books/for experts#Improving the book layout|print version]] of this template exists at $1.' .. ' If you make a change to this template, please update the print version as well.' -- cfg['display-print-category'] -- Set to true to enable output of cfg['print-category'] if a /Print subpage exists. -- This should be a boolean value (either true or false). cfg['display-print-category'] = true -- cfg['print-category'] -- Category to output if cfg['display-print-category'] is set to true, and a /Print subpage exists. cfg['print-category'] = 'Templates with print versions' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- HTML and CSS configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['main-div-id'] -- The "id" attribute of the main HTML "div" tag. cfg['main-div-id'] = 'template-documentation' -- cfg['main-div-classes'] -- The CSS classes added to the main HTML "div" tag. cfg['main-div-classes'] = 'template-documentation iezoomfix' -- cfg['start-box-linkclasses'] -- The CSS classes used for the [view][edit][history] or [create] links in the start box. cfg['start-box-linkclasses'] = 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' -- cfg['start-box-link-id'] -- The HTML "id" attribute for the links in the start box. cfg['start-box-link-id'] = 'doc_editlinks' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- {{fmbox}} template configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['fmbox-id'] -- The id sent to the "id" parameter of the {{fmbox}} template. cfg['fmbox-id'] = 'documentation-meta-data' -- cfg['fmbox-style'] -- The value sent to the style parameter of {{fmbox}}. cfg['fmbox-style'] = 'background-color: #ecfcf4' -- cfg['fmbox-textstyle'] -- The value sent to the "textstyle parameter of {{fmbox}}. cfg['fmbox-textstyle'] = 'font-style: italic' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking category configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] -- Set to true to enable output of cfg['strange-usage-category'] if the module is used on a /doc subpage -- or a /testcases subpage. This should be a boolean value (either true or false). cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] = true -- cfg['strange-usage-category'] -- Category to output if cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] is set to true and the module is used on a -- /doc subpage or a /testcases subpage. cfg['strange-usage-category'] = 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration -- -- Don't edit anything below this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] return cfg htudegwxv6eny2df5adwdoftesu9tp8 10 3785 17362 2014-06-16T21:58:51Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style =... wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}} | content = {{{content|}}} | docpage = {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | doc exist = {{#ifexist: {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} <!--Other docname fed--> | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | yes }} }}<noinclude> {{pp-template}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> evvfdz38x89xmzvm8q6m4pimyhoko4m 10 3786 17363 2014-06-16T21:59:22Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | {{ns:File}} | {{ns:MediaWiki}} | {{ns:Category}} = {{TALKSPACE}} | #default = {{SUBJECTSPACE}} }}<noinclude> {{documentatio... wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | {{ns:File}} | {{ns:MediaWiki}} | {{ns:Category}} = {{TALKSPACE}} | #default = {{SUBJECTSPACE}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= This subtemplate of {{tl|documentation}} is used to determine the namespace of the documentation page. }}</noinclude> 7f8iymss9sr4v7f4t5pza1arwjogrv3 828 3787 24340 24337 2023-06-22T00:59:57Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides easy processing of arguments passed to Scribunto from -- #invoke. It is intended for use by other Lua modules, and should not be -- called from #invoke directly. local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local arguments = {} -- Generate four different tidyVal functions, so that we don't have to check the -- options every time we call it. local function tidyValDefault(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if val == '' then return nil else return val end else return val end end local function tidyValTrimOnly(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then return val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') else return val end end local function tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then if val:find('%S') then return val else return nil end else return val end end local function tidyValNoChange(key, val) return val end local function matchesTitle(given, title) local tp = type( given ) return (tp == 'string' or tp == 'number') and mw.title.new( given ).prefixedText == title end local translate_mt = { __index = function(t, k) return k end } function arguments.getArgs(frame, options) checkType('getArgs', 1, frame, 'table', true) checkType('getArgs', 2, options, 'table', true) frame = frame or {} options = options or {} --[[ -- Set up argument translation. --]] options.translate = options.translate or {} if getmetatable(options.translate) == nil then setmetatable(options.translate, translate_mt) end if options.backtranslate == nil then options.backtranslate = {} for k,v in pairs(options.translate) do options.backtranslate[v] = k end end if options.backtranslate and getmetatable(options.backtranslate) == nil then setmetatable(options.backtranslate, { __index = function(t, k) if options.translate[k] ~= k then return nil else return k end end }) end --[[ -- Get the argument tables. If we were passed a valid frame object, get the -- frame arguments (fargs) and the parent frame arguments (pargs), depending -- on the options set and on the parent frame's availability. If we weren't -- passed a valid frame object, we are being called from another Lua module -- or from the debug console, so assume that we were passed a table of args -- directly, and assign it to a new variable (luaArgs). --]] local fargs, pargs, luaArgs if type(frame.args) == 'table' and type(frame.getParent) == 'function' then if options.wrappers then --[[ -- The wrappers option makes Module:Arguments look up arguments in -- either the frame argument table or the parent argument table, but -- not both. This means that users can use either the #invoke syntax -- or a wrapper template without the loss of performance associated -- with looking arguments up in both the frame and the parent frame. -- Module:Arguments will look up arguments in the parent frame -- if it finds the parent frame's title in options.wrapper; -- otherwise it will look up arguments in the frame object passed -- to getArgs. --]] local parent = frame:getParent() if not parent then fargs = frame.args else local title = parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') local found = false if matchesTitle(options.wrappers, title) then found = true elseif type(options.wrappers) == 'table' then for _,v in pairs(options.wrappers) do if matchesTitle(v, title) then found = true break end end end -- We test for false specifically here so that nil (the default) acts like true. if found or options.frameOnly == false then pargs = parent.args end if not found or options.parentOnly == false then fargs = frame.args end end else -- options.wrapper isn't set, so check the other options. if not options.parentOnly then fargs = frame.args end if not options.frameOnly then local parent = frame:getParent() pargs = parent and parent.args or nil end end if options.parentFirst then fargs, pargs = pargs, fargs end else luaArgs = frame end -- Set the order of precedence of the argument tables. If the variables are -- nil, nothing will be added to the table, which is how we avoid clashes -- between the frame/parent args and the Lua args. local argTables = {fargs} argTables[#argTables + 1] = pargs argTables[#argTables + 1] = luaArgs --[[ -- Generate the tidyVal function. If it has been specified by the user, we -- use that; if not, we choose one of four functions depending on the -- options chosen. This is so that we don't have to call the options table -- every time the function is called. --]] local tidyVal = options.valueFunc if tidyVal then if type(tidyVal) ~= 'function' then error( "bad value assigned to option 'valueFunc'" .. '(function expected, got ' .. type(tidyVal) .. ')', 2 ) end elseif options.trim ~= false then if options.removeBlanks ~= false then tidyVal = tidyValDefault else tidyVal = tidyValTrimOnly end else if options.removeBlanks ~= false then tidyVal = tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly else tidyVal = tidyValNoChange end end --[[ -- Set up the args, metaArgs and nilArgs tables. args will be the one -- accessed from functions, and metaArgs will hold the actual arguments. Nil -- arguments are memoized in nilArgs, and the metatable connects all of them -- together. --]] local args, metaArgs, nilArgs, metatable = {}, {}, {}, {} setmetatable(args, metatable) local function mergeArgs(tables) --[[ -- Accepts multiple tables as input and merges their keys and values -- into one table. If a value is already present it is not overwritten; -- tables listed earlier have precedence. We are also memoizing nil -- values, which can be overwritten if they are 's' (soft). --]] for _, t in ipairs(tables) do for key, val in pairs(t) do if metaArgs[key] == nil and nilArgs[key] ~= 'h' then local tidiedVal = tidyVal(key, val) if tidiedVal == nil then nilArgs[key] = 's' else metaArgs[key] = tidiedVal end end end end end --[[ -- Define metatable behaviour. Arguments are memoized in the metaArgs table, -- and are only fetched from the argument tables once. Fetching arguments -- from the argument tables is the most resource-intensive step in this -- module, so we try and avoid it where possible. For this reason, nil -- arguments are also memoized, in the nilArgs table. Also, we keep a record -- in the metatable of when pairs and ipairs have been called, so we do not -- run pairs and ipairs on the argument tables more than once. We also do -- not run ipairs on fargs and pargs if pairs has already been run, as all -- the arguments will already have been copied over. --]] metatable.__index = function (t, key) --[[ -- Fetches an argument when the args table is indexed. First we check -- to see if the value is memoized, and if not we try and fetch it from -- the argument tables. When we check memoization, we need to check -- metaArgs before nilArgs, as both can be non-nil at the same time. -- If the argument is not present in metaArgs, we also check whether -- pairs has been run yet. If pairs has already been run, we return nil. -- This is because all the arguments will have already been copied into -- metaArgs by the mergeArgs function, meaning that any other arguments -- must be nil. --]] if type(key) == 'string' then key = options.translate[key] end local val = metaArgs[key] if val ~= nil then return val elseif metatable.donePairs or nilArgs[key] then return nil end for _, argTable in ipairs(argTables) do local argTableVal = tidyVal(key, argTable[key]) if argTableVal ~= nil then metaArgs[key] = argTableVal return argTableVal end end nilArgs[key] = 'h' return nil end metatable.__newindex = function (t, key, val) -- This function is called when a module tries to add a new value to the -- args table, or tries to change an existing value. if type(key) == 'string' then key = options.translate[key] end if options.readOnly then error( 'could not write to argument table key "' .. tostring(key) .. '"; the table is read-only', 2 ) elseif options.noOverwrite and args[key] ~= nil then error( 'could not write to argument table key "' .. tostring(key) .. '"; overwriting existing arguments is not permitted', 2 ) elseif val == nil then --[[ -- If the argument is to be overwritten with nil, we need to erase -- the value in metaArgs, so that __index, __pairs and __ipairs do -- not use a previous existing value, if present; and we also need -- to memoize the nil in nilArgs, so that the value isn't looked -- up in the argument tables if it is accessed again. --]] metaArgs[key] = nil nilArgs[key] = 'h' else metaArgs[key] = val end end local function translatenext(invariant) local k, v = next(invariant.t, invariant.k) invariant.k = k if k == nil then return nil elseif type(k) ~= 'string' or not options.backtranslate then return k, v else local backtranslate = options.backtranslate[k] if backtranslate == nil then -- Skip this one. This is a tail call, so this won't cause stack overflow return translatenext(invariant) else return backtranslate, v end end end metatable.__pairs = function () -- Called when pairs is run on the args table. if not metatable.donePairs then mergeArgs(argTables) metatable.donePairs = true end return translatenext, { t = metaArgs } end local function inext(t, i) -- This uses our __index metamethod local v = t[i + 1] if v ~= nil then return i + 1, v end end metatable.__ipairs = function (t) -- Called when ipairs is run on the args table. return inext, t, 0 end return args end return arguments 5qx9tzlul9ser30uxj9nbasjt92cevn 828 3788 17365 2014-06-16T22:01:27Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: -- This is a meta-module for producing message box templates, including -- {{mbox}}, {{ambox}}, {{imbox}}, {{tmbox}}, {{ombox}}, {{cmbox}} and {{fmbox}}. -- Require necessar... Scribunto text/plain -- This is a meta-module for producing message box templates, including -- {{mbox}}, {{ambox}}, {{imbox}}, {{tmbox}}, {{ombox}}, {{cmbox}} and {{fmbox}}. -- Require necessary modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local htmlBuilder = require('Module:HtmlBuilder') local categoryHandler = require('Module:Category handler').main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Load the configuration page. local cfgTables = mw.loadData('Module:Message box/configuration') -- Get a language object for formatDate and ucfirst. local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() -- Set aliases for often-used functions to reduce table lookups. local format = mw.ustring.format local tinsert = table.insert local tconcat = table.concat local trim = mw.text.trim -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getTitleObject(page, ...) if type(page) == 'string' then -- Get the title object, passing the function through pcall -- in case we are over the expensive function count limit. local success, title = pcall(mw.title.new, page, ...) if success then return title end end end local function union(t1, t2) -- Returns the union of two arrays. local vals = {} for i, v in ipairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for i, v in ipairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k in pairs(vals) do tinsert(ret, k) end table.sort(ret) return ret end local function getArgNums(args, prefix) local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then tinsert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Box class definition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local box = {} box.__index = box function box.new() local obj = {} setmetatable(obj, box) return obj end function box.getNamespaceId(ns) if not ns then return end if type(ns) == 'string' then ns = lang:ucfirst(mw.ustring.lower(ns)) if ns == 'Main' then ns = 0 end end local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end function box.getMboxType(nsid) -- Gets the mbox type from a namespace number. if nsid == 0 then return 'ambox' -- main namespace elseif nsid == 6 then return 'imbox' -- file namespace elseif nsid == 14 then return 'cmbox' -- category namespace else local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[nsid] if nsTable and nsTable.isTalk then return 'tmbox' -- any talk namespace else return 'ombox' -- other namespaces or invalid input end end end function box:addCat(ns, cat, sort) if type(cat) ~= 'string' then return end local nsVals = {'main', 'template', 'all'} local tname for i, val in ipairs(nsVals) do if ns == val then tname = ns .. 'Cats' end end if not tname then for i, val in ipairs(nsVals) do nsVals[i] = format('"%s"', val) end error( 'invalid ns parameter passed to box:addCat; valid values are ' .. mw.text.listToText(nsVals, nil, ' or ') ) end self[tname] = self[tname] or {} if type(sort) == 'string' then tinsert(self[tname], format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', cat, sort)) else tinsert(self[tname], format('[[Category:%s]]', cat)) end end function box:addClass(class) if type(class) ~= 'string' then return end self.classes = self.classes or {} tinsert(self.classes, class) end function box:addAttr(attr, val) if type(attr) ~= 'string' or type(val) ~= 'string' then return end self.attrs = self.attrs or {} tinsert(self.attrs, attr) end function box:setTitle(args) -- Get the title object and the namespace. self.pageTitle = getTitleObject(args.page ~= '' and args.page) self.title = self.pageTitle or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() self.demospace = args.demospace ~= '' and args.demospace or nil self.nsid = box.getNamespaceId(self.demospace) or self.title.namespace end function box:getConfig(boxType) -- Get the box config data from the data page. if boxType == 'mbox' then boxType = box.getMboxType(self.nsid) end local cfg = cfgTables[boxType] if not cfg then local boxTypes = {} for k, v in pairs(dataTables) do tinsert(boxTypes, format('"%s"', k)) end tinsert(boxTypes, '"mbox"') error(format( 'invalid message box type "%s"; valid types are %s', tostring(boxType), mw.text.listToText(boxTypes) ), 2) end return cfg end function box:removeBlankArgs(cfg, args) -- Only allow blank arguments for the parameter names listed in -- cfg.allowBlankParams. local newArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if v ~= '' then newArgs[k] = v end end for i, param in ipairs(cfg.allowBlankParams or {}) do newArgs[param] = args[param] end return newArgs end function box:setBoxParameters(cfg, args) -- Get type data. self.type = args.type local typeData = cfg.types[self.type] self.invalidTypeError = cfg.showInvalidTypeError and self.type and not typeData and true or false typeData = typeData or cfg.types[cfg.default] self.typeClass = typeData.class self.typeImage = typeData.image -- Find if the box has been wrongly substituted. if cfg.substCheck and args.subst == 'SUBST' then self.isSubstituted = true end -- Find whether we are using a small message box. if cfg.allowSmall and ( cfg.smallParam and args.small == cfg.smallParam or not cfg.smallParam and yesno(args.small) ) then self.isSmall = true else self.isSmall = false end -- Add attributes, classes and styles. if cfg.allowId then self.id = args.id end self:addClass( cfg.usePlainlinksParam and yesno(args.plainlinks or true) and 'plainlinks' ) for _, class in ipairs(cfg.classes or {}) do self:addClass(class) end if self.isSmall then self:addClass(cfg.smallClass or 'mbox-small') end self:addClass(self.typeClass) self:addClass(args.class) self.style = args.style self.attrs = args.attrs -- Set text style. self.textstyle = args.textstyle -- Find if we are on the template page or not. This functionality is only -- used if useCollapsibleTextFields is set, or if both cfg.templateCategory -- and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName are set. self.useCollapsibleTextFields = cfg.useCollapsibleTextFields if self.useCollapsibleTextFields or cfg.templateCategory and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then self.name = args.name if self.name then local templateName = mw.ustring.match( self.name, '^[tT][eE][mM][pP][lL][aA][tT][eE][%s_]*:[%s_]*(.*)$' ) or self.name templateName = 'Template:' .. templateName self.templateTitle = getTitleObject(templateName) end self.isTemplatePage = self.templateTitle and mw.title.equals(self.title, self.templateTitle) or false end -- Process data for collapsible text fields. At the moment these are only -- used in {{ambox}}. if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- Get the self.issue value. if self.isSmall and args.smalltext then self.issue = args.smalltext else local sect if args.sect == '' then sect = 'This ' .. (cfg.sectionDefault or 'page') elseif type(args.sect) == 'string' then sect = 'This ' .. args.sect end local issue = args.issue issue = type(issue) == 'string' and issue ~= '' and issue or nil local text = args.text text = type(text) == 'string' and text or nil local issues = {} tinsert(issues, sect) tinsert(issues, issue) tinsert(issues, text) self.issue = tconcat(issues, ' ') end -- Get the self.talk value. local talk = args.talk -- Show talk links on the template page or template subpages if the talk -- parameter is blank. if talk == '' and self.templateTitle and ( mw.title.equals(self.templateTitle, self.title) or self.title:isSubpageOf(self.templateTitle) ) then talk = '#' elseif talk == '' then talk = nil end if talk then -- If the talk value is a talk page, make a link to that page. Else -- assume that it's a section heading, and make a link to the talk -- page of the current page with that section heading. local talkTitle = getTitleObject(talk) local talkArgIsTalkPage = true if not talkTitle or not talkTitle.isTalkPage then talkArgIsTalkPage = false talkTitle = getTitleObject( self.title.text, mw.site.namespaces[self.title.namespace].talk.id ) end if talkTitle and talkTitle.exists then local talkText = 'Relevant discussion may be found on' if talkArgIsTalkPage then talkText = format( '%s [[%s|%s]].', talkText, talk, talkTitle.prefixedText ) else talkText = format( '%s the [[%s#%s|talk page]].', talkText, talkTitle.prefixedText, talk ) end self.talk = talkText end end -- Get other values. self.fix = args.fix ~= '' and args.fix or nil local date if args.date and args.date ~= '' then date = args.date elseif args.date == '' and self.isTemplatePage then date = lang:formatDate('F Y') end if date then self.date = format(" <small>''(%s)''</small>", date) end self.info = args.info end -- Set the non-collapsible text field. At the moment this is used by all box -- types other than ambox, and also by ambox when small=yes. if self.isSmall then self.text = args.smalltext or args.text else self.text = args.text end -- Set the below row. self.below = cfg.below and args.below -- General image settings. self.imageCellDiv = not self.isSmall and cfg.imageCellDiv and true or false self.imageEmptyCell = cfg.imageEmptyCell if cfg.imageEmptyCellStyle then self.imageEmptyCellStyle = 'border:none;padding:0px;width:1px' end -- Left image settings. local imageLeft = self.isSmall and args.smallimage or args.image if cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'blank' and imageLeft ~= 'none' or not cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'none' then self.imageLeft = imageLeft if not imageLeft then local imageSize = self.isSmall and (cfg.imageSmallSize or '30x30px') or '40x40px' self.imageLeft = format('[[File:%s|%s|link=|alt=]]', self.typeImage or 'Imbox notice.png', imageSize) end end -- Right image settings. local imageRight = self.isSmall and args.smallimageright or args.imageright if not (cfg.imageRightNone and imageRight == 'none') then self.imageRight = imageRight end -- Add mainspace categories. At the moment these are only used in {{ambox}}. if cfg.allowMainspaceCategories then if args.cat then args.cat1 = args.cat end self.catNums = getArgNums(args, 'cat') if args.category then args.category1 = args.category end self.categoryNums = getArgNums(args, 'category') if args.all then args.all1 = args.all end self.allNums = getArgNums(args, 'all') self.categoryParamNums = union(self.catNums, self.categoryNums) self.categoryParamNums = union(self.categoryParamNums, self.allNums) -- The following is roughly equivalent to the old {{Ambox/category}}. local date = args.date date = type(date) == 'string' and date local preposition = 'from' for _, num in ipairs(self.categoryParamNums) do local mainCat = args['cat' .. tostring(num)] or args['category' .. tostring(num)] local allCat = args['all' .. tostring(num)] mainCat = type(mainCat) == 'string' and mainCat allCat = type(allCat) == 'string' and allCat if mainCat and date and date ~= '' then local catTitle = format('%s %s %s', mainCat, preposition, date) self:addCat('main', catTitle) catTitle = getTitleObject('Category:' .. catTitle) if not catTitle or not catTitle.exists then self:addCat( 'main', 'Articles with invalid date parameter in template' ) end elseif mainCat and (not date or date == '') then self:addCat('main', mainCat) end if allCat then self:addCat('main', allCat) end end end -- Add template-namespace categories. if cfg.templateCategory then if cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.isTemplatePage then self:addCat('template', cfg.templateCategory) end elseif not self.title.isSubpage then self:addCat('template', cfg.templateCategory) end end -- Add template error category. if cfg.templateErrorCategory then local templateErrorCategory = cfg.templateErrorCategory local templateCat, templateSort if not self.name and not self.title.isSubpage then templateCat = templateErrorCategory elseif self.isTemplatePage then local paramsToCheck = cfg.templateErrorParamsToCheck or {} local count = 0 for i, param in ipairs(paramsToCheck) do if not args[param] then count = count + 1 end end if count > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = tostring(count) end if self.categoryNums and #self.categoryNums > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = 'C' end end self:addCat('template', templateCat, templateSort) end -- Categories for all namespaces. if self.invalidTypeError then local allSort = (self.nsid == 0 and 'Main:' or '') .. self.title.prefixedText self:addCat('all', 'Wikipedia message box parameter needs fixing', allSort) end if self.isSubstituted then self:addCat('all', 'Pages with incorrectly substituted templates') end -- Convert category tables to strings and pass them through -- [[Module:Category handler]]. self.categories = categoryHandler{ main = tconcat(self.mainCats or {}), template = tconcat(self.templateCats or {}), all = tconcat(self.allCats or {}), nocat = args.nocat, demospace = self.demospace, page = self.pageTitle and self.pageTitle.prefixedText or nil } end function box:export() local root = htmlBuilder.create() -- Add the subst check error. if self.isSubstituted and self.name then root .tag('b') .addClass('error') .wikitext(format( 'Template <code>%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s</code> has been incorrectly substituted.', mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}') )) end -- Create the box table. local boxTable = root.tag('table') boxTable .attr('id', self.id) for i, class in ipairs(self.classes or {}) do boxTable .addClass(class) end boxTable .cssText(self.style) .attr('role', 'presentation') for attr, val in pairs(self.attrs or {}) do boxTable .attr(attr, val) end -- Add the left-hand image. local row = boxTable.tag('tr') if self.imageLeft then local imageLeftCell = row.tag('td').addClass('mbox-image') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageLeftCell so that the image -- is inside it. Divs use style="width: 52px;", which limits the -- image width to 52px. If any images in a div are wider than that, -- they may overlap with the text or cause other display problems. imageLeftCell = imageLeftCell.tag('div').css('width', '52px') end imageLeftCell .wikitext(self.imageLeft) elseif self.imageEmptyCell then -- Some message boxes define an empty cell if no image is specified, and -- some don't. The old template code in templates where empty cells are -- specified gives the following hint: "No image. Cell with some width -- or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width." row.tag('td') .addClass('mbox-empty-cell') .cssText(self.imageEmptyCellStyle) end -- Add the text. local textCell = row.tag('td').addClass('mbox-text') if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be -- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this. textCell .cssText(self.textstyle) local textCellSpan = textCell.tag('span') textCellSpan .addClass('mbox-text-span') .wikitext(self.issue) if not self.isSmall then textCellSpan .tag('span') .addClass('hide-when-compact') .wikitext(self.talk and ' ' .. self.talk) .wikitext(self.fix and ' ' .. self.fix) end textCellSpan .wikitext(self.date and ' ' .. self.date) if not self.isSmall then textCellSpan .tag('span') .addClass('hide-when-compact') .wikitext(self.info and ' ' .. self.info) end else -- Default text formatting - anything goes. textCell .cssText(self.textstyle) .wikitext(self.text) end -- Add the right-hand image. if self.imageRight then local imageRightCell = row.tag('td').addClass('mbox-imageright') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageRightCell so that the image -- is inside it. imageRightCell = imageRightCell.tag('div').css('width', '52px') end imageRightCell .wikitext(self.imageRight) end -- Add the below row. if self.below then boxTable.tag('tr') .tag('td') .attr('colspan', self.imageRight and '3' or '2') .addClass('mbox-text') .cssText(self.textstyle) .wikitext(self.below) end -- Add error message for invalid type parameters. if self.invalidTypeError then root .tag('div') .css('text-align', 'center') .wikitext(format( 'This message box is using an invalid "type=%s" parameter and needs fixing.', self.type or '' )) end -- Add categories. root .wikitext(self.categories) return tostring(root) end local function main(boxType, args) local outputBox = box.new() outputBox:setTitle(args) local cfg = outputBox:getConfig(boxType) args = outputBox:removeBlankArgs(cfg, args) outputBox:setBoxParameters(cfg, args) return outputBox:export() end local function makeWrapper(boxType) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, {trim = false, removeBlanks = false}) return main(boxType, args) end end local p = { main = main, mbox = makeWrapper('mbox') } for boxType in pairs(cfgTables) do p[boxType] = makeWrapper(boxType) end return p pfxm5hq7an9zemrjcn2d276uu0xlvky 828 3789 17366 2014-06-16T22:02:14Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --... Scribunto text/plain ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- CATEGORY HANDLER -- -- -- -- This module implements the {{category handler}} template in Lua, with a few improvements: all -- -- namespaces and all namespace aliases are supported, and namespace names are detected -- -- automatically for the local wiki. This module requires [[Module:Namespace detect]] and -- -- [[Module:Yesno]] to be available on the local wiki. It can be configured for different wikis -- -- by altering the values in the "cfg" table. -- -- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Configuration data -- -- Language-specific parameter names and values can be set here. -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- The following config values set the names of parameters that suppress categorisation. They are used -- with Module:Yesno, and work as follows: -- -- cfg.nocat: -- Result of yesno(args[cfg.nocat]) Effect -- true Categorisation is suppressed -- false Categorisation is allowed, and the blacklist check is skipped -- nil Categorisation is allowed -- -- cfg.categories: -- Result of yesno(args[cfg.categories]) Effect -- true Categorisation is allowed, and the blacklist check is skipped -- false Categorisation is suppressed -- nil Categorisation is allowed cfg.nocat = 'nocat' cfg.categories = 'categories' -- The parameter name for the legacy "category2" parameter. This skips the blacklist if set to the -- cfg.category2Yes value, and suppresses categorisation if present but equal to anything other than -- cfg.category2Yes or cfg.category2Negative. cfg.category2 = 'category2' cfg.category2Yes = 'yes' cfg.category2Negative = '¬' -- cfg.subpage is the parameter name to specify how to behave on subpages. cfg.subpageNo is the value to -- specify to not categorise on subpages; cfg.only is the value to specify to only categorise on subpages. cfg.subpage = 'subpage' cfg.subpageNo = 'no' cfg.subpageOnly = 'only' -- The parameter for data to return in all namespaces. cfg.all = 'all' -- The parameter name for data to return if no data is specified for the namespace that is detected. This -- must be the same as the cfg.other parameter in [[Module:Namespace detect]]. cfg.other = 'other' -- The parameter name used to specify a page other than the current page; used for testing and -- demonstration. This must be the same as the cfg.page parameter in [[Module:Namespace detect]]. cfg.page = 'page' -- The categorisation blacklist. Pages that match Lua patterns in this list will not be categorised. -- (However, see the explanation of cfg.nocat, cfg.categories and cfg.category2 for some exceptions.) -- If the namespace name has a space in, it must be written with an underscore, e.g. "Wikipedia_talk". -- Other parts of the title can have either underscores or spaces. cfg.blacklist = { '^Main Page$', -- don't categorise the main page. -- Don't categorise the following pages or their subpages. '^Wikipedia:Cascade%-protected items$', '^Wikipedia:Cascade%-protected items/.*$', '^User:UBX$', -- The userbox "template" space. '^User:UBX/.*$', '^User_talk:UBX$', '^User_talk:UBX/.*$', -- Don't categorise subpages of these pages, but allow -- categorisation of the base page. '^Wikipedia:Template messages/.+$', '/[aA]rchive' -- Don't categorise archives. } -- This is a table of namespaces to categorise by default. They should be in the format of parameter -- names accepted by [[Module:Namespace detect]]. cfg.defaultNamespaces = { 'main', 'file', 'help', 'category' } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration data -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Get dependent modules local nsDetect = require('Module:Namespace detect') local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Local functions -- -- The following are internal functions, which we do not want to be accessible from other modules. -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Find whether we need to return a category or not. local function needsCategory(pageObject, args) -- Don't categorise if the relevant options are set. if yesno(args[cfg.nocat]) or yesno(args[cfg.categories]) == false or ( args[cfg.category2] and args[cfg.category2] ~= cfg.category2Yes and args[cfg.category2] ~= cfg.category2Negative ) then return false end -- If there is no pageObject available, then that either means that we are over -- the expensive function limit or that the title specified was invalid. Invalid -- titles will probably only be a problem during testing, so we choose the best -- fallback for being over the expensive function limit. The fallback behaviour -- of the old template was to assume the page was not a subpage, so we will do -- the same here. if args[cfg.subpage] == cfg.subpageNo and pageObject and pageObject.isSubpage then return false end if args[cfg.subpage] == cfg.subpageOnly and (not pageObject or (pageObject and not pageObject.isSubpage)) then return false end return true end -- Find whether we need to check the blacklist or not. local function needsBlacklistCheck(args) if yesno(args[cfg.nocat]) == false or yesno(args[cfg.categories]) == true or args[cfg.category2] == cfg.category2Yes then return false else return true end end -- Find whether any namespace parameters have been specified. -- Mappings is the table of parameter mappings taken from -- [[Module:Namespace detect]]. local function nsParamsExist(mappings, args) if args[cfg.all] or args[cfg.other] then return true end for ns, params in pairs(mappings) do for i, param in ipairs(params) do if args[param] then return true end end end return false end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Global functions -- -- The following functions are global, because we want them to be accessible from #invoke and -- -- from other Lua modules. -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} -- Find if a string matches the blacklist. Returns the match if one is found, or nil otherwise. -- Input should be a page title with a namespace prefix, e.g. "Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion". function p.matchesBlacklist(page) if type(page) ~= 'string' then return end for i, pattern in ipairs(cfg.blacklist) do local match = mw.ustring.match(page, pattern) if match then return match end end end -- The main structure of the module. Checks whether we need to categorise, -- and then passes the relevant arguments to [[Module:Namespace detect]]. function p._main(args) -- Get the page object and argument mappings from -- [[Module:Namespace detect]], to save us from having to rewrite the -- code. local pageObject = nsDetect.getPageObject(args[cfg.page]) local mappings = nsDetect.getParamMappings() if not needsCategory(pageObject, args) then return end local ret = '' -- Check blacklist if necessary. if not needsBlacklistCheck(args) or not p.matchesBlacklist(pageObject.prefixedText) then if not nsParamsExist(mappings, args) then -- No namespace parameters exist; basic usage. Pass args[1] to -- [[Module:Namespace detect]] using the default namespace -- parameters, and return the result. local ndargs = {} for _, ndarg in ipairs(cfg.defaultNamespaces) do ndargs[ndarg] = args[1] end ndargs.page = args.page ndargs.demospace = args.demospace local ndresult = nsDetect._main(ndargs) if ndresult then ret = ret .. ndresult end else -- Namespace parameters exist; advanced usage. -- If the all parameter is specified, return it. local all = args.all if type(all) == 'string' then ret = ret .. all end -- Get the arguments to pass to [[Module:Namespace detect]]. local ndargs = {} for ns, params in pairs(mappings) do for _, param in ipairs(params) do ndargs[param] = args[param] or args[cfg.other] or nil end end ndargs.other = args.other ndargs.page = args.page ndargs.demospace = args.demospace local data = nsDetect._main(ndargs) -- Work out what to return based on the result of the namespace detect call. local datanum = tonumber(data) if type(datanum) == 'number' then -- "data" is a number, so return that positional parameter. -- Remove non-positive integer values, as only positive integers -- from 1-10 were used with the old template. if datanum > 0 and math.floor(datanum) == datanum then local dataArg = args[datanum] if type(dataArg) == 'string' then ret = ret .. dataArg end end else -- "data" is not a number, so return it as it is. if type(data) == 'string' then ret = ret .. data end end end end return ret end function p.main(frame) -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking -- template, or the args passed to #invoke if any exist. Otherwise -- assume args are being passed directly in. local origArgs if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then origArgs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do origArgs = frame.args break end else origArgs = frame end -- Trim whitespace and remove blank arguments for the following args: -- 1, 2, 3 etc., "nocat", "categories", "subpage", and "page". local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if type(v) == 'string' then v = mw.text.trim(v) -- Trim whitespace. end if type(k) == 'number' or k == cfg.nocat or k == cfg.categories or k == cfg.subpage or k == cfg.page then if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end else args[k] = v end end -- Lower-case "nocat", "categories", "category2", and "subpage". These -- parameters are put in lower case whenever they appear in the old -- template, so we can just do it once here and save ourselves some work. local lowercase = {cfg.nocat, cfg.categories, cfg.category2, cfg.subpage} for _, v in ipairs(lowercase) do local argVal = args[v] if type(argVal) == 'string' then args[v] = mw.ustring.lower(argVal) end end return p._main(args) end return p i2ez8nejriv7clde6mvnuwl3ypo3qj6 828 3790 22553 17367 2021-04-13T15:21:07Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain -- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input. -- It works similarly to the template {{yesno}}. return function (val, default) -- If your wiki uses non-ascii characters for any of "yes", "no", etc., you -- should replace "val:lower()" with "mw.ustring.lower(val)" in the -- following line. val = type(val) == 'string' and val:lower() or val if val == nil then return nil elseif val == true or val == 'yes' or val == 'y' or val == 'true' or val == 't' or tonumber(val) == 1 then return true elseif val == false or val == 'no' or val == 'n' or val == 'false' or val == 'f' or val == 'off' or tonumber(val) == 0 then return false else return default end end j7gf78hy2kspmwxr6r1iicmhkmmfiis 10 3791 17369 2014-06-17T22:28:38Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Template:Comma separated entries]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Comma separated entries|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 9tiksq76oeq72kgnfrnkooqjb4sp70n 828 3792 17370 2014-06-17T22:29:32Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Module:Comma separated entries]] Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function _main( args ) local sep = mw.message.new( 'comma-separator' ):plain() return table.concat( args, sep ) end function p.main( frame ) local origArgs if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then -- We're being called via #invoke. If the invoking template passed any arguments, -- use them. Otherwise, use the arguments that were passed into the template. origArgs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do origArgs = frame.args break end else -- We're being called from another module or from the debug console, so assume -- the arguments are passed in directly. origArgs = frame end -- Use integer args only, and allow for explicit positional arguments -- that are specified out of order, e.g. {{br separated entries|3=entry3}}. -- After processing, the args can be accessed accurately from ipairs. local args = {} for k, v in pairs( origArgs ) do if type( k ) == 'number' and k >= 1 and math.floor( k ) == k and mw.ustring.match( v, '%S' ) -- Remove blank or whitespace values. then table.insert( args, k ) end end table.sort( args ) for i,v in ipairs( args ) do args[ i ] = origArgs[ v ] -- Trim whitespace from all args. if type( args[ i ] ) == 'string' then args[ i ] = mw.text.trim( args[ i ] ) end end return _main( args ) end return p qhbty2hyf8g6cf6azovtpwhf3wpbme0 828 3793 17371 2014-06-17T22:30:45Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Module:Namespace detect]] Scribunto text/plain --[[ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- NAMESPACE DETECT -- -- -- -- This module implements the {{namespace detect}} template in Lua, with a -- -- few improvements: all namespaces and all namespace aliases are supported, -- -- and namespace names are detected automatically for the local wiki. The -- -- module can also use the corresponding subject namespace value if it is -- -- used on a talk page. Parameter names can be configured for different wikis -- -- by altering the values in the "cfg" table in -- -- Module:Namespace detect/config. -- -- -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] local data = mw.loadData('Module:Namespace detect/data') local argKeys = data.argKeys local cfg = data.cfg local mappings = data.mappings local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local mArguments -- Lazily initialise Module:Arguments local mTableTools -- Lazily initilalise Module:TableTools local ustringLower = mw.ustring.lower local p = {} local function fetchValue(t1, t2) -- Fetches a value from the table t1 for the first key in array t2 where -- a non-nil value of t1 exists. for i, key in ipairs(t2) do local value = t1[key] if value ~= nil then return value end end return nil end local function equalsArrayValue(t, value) -- Returns true if value equals a value in the array t. Otherwise -- returns false. for i, arrayValue in ipairs(t) do if value == arrayValue then return true end end return false end function p.getPageObject(page) -- Get the page object, passing the function through pcall in case of -- errors, e.g. being over the expensive function count limit. if page then local success, pageObject = pcall(mw.title.new, page) if success then return pageObject else return nil end else return mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end end -- Provided for backward compatibility with other modules function p.getParamMappings() return mappings end local function getNamespace(args) -- This function gets the namespace name from the page object. local page = fetchValue(args, argKeys.demopage) if page == '' then page = nil end local demospace = fetchValue(args, argKeys.demospace) if demospace == '' then demospace = nil end local subjectns = fetchValue(args, argKeys.subjectns) local ret if demospace then -- Handle "demospace = main" properly. if equalsArrayValue(argKeys.main, ustringLower(demospace)) then ret = mw.site.namespaces[0].name else ret = demospace end else local pageObject = p.getPageObject(page) if pageObject then if pageObject.isTalkPage then -- Get the subject namespace if the option is set, -- otherwise use "talk". if yesno(subjectns) then ret = mw.site.namespaces[pageObject.namespace].subject.name else ret = 'talk' end else ret = pageObject.nsText end else return nil -- return nil if the page object doesn't exist. end end ret = ret:gsub('_', ' ') return ustringLower(ret) end function p._main(args) -- Check the parameters stored in the mappings table for any matches. local namespace = getNamespace(args) or 'other' -- "other" avoids nil table keys local params = mappings[namespace] or {} local ret = fetchValue(args, params) --[[ -- If there were no matches, return parameters for other namespaces. -- This happens if there was no text specified for the namespace that -- was detected or if the demospace parameter is not a valid -- namespace. Note that the parameter for the detected namespace must be -- completely absent for this to happen, not merely blank. --]] if ret == nil then ret = fetchValue(args, argKeys.other) end return ret end function p.main(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame, {removeBlanks = false}) local ret = p._main(args) return ret or '' end function p.table(frame) --[[ -- Create a wikitable of all subject namespace parameters, for -- documentation purposes. The talk parameter is optional, in case it -- needs to be excluded in the documentation. --]] -- Load modules and initialise variables. mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local namespaces = mw.site.namespaces local cfg = data.cfg local useTalk = type(frame) == 'table' and type(frame.args) == 'table' and yesno(frame.args.talk) -- Whether to use the talk parameter. -- Get the header names. local function checkValue(value, default) if type(value) == 'string' then return value else return default end end local nsHeader = checkValue(cfg.wikitableNamespaceHeader, 'Namespace') local aliasesHeader = checkValue(cfg.wikitableAliasesHeader, 'Aliases') -- Put the namespaces in order. local mappingsOrdered = {} for nsname, params in pairs(mappings) do if useTalk or nsname ~= 'talk' then local nsid = namespaces[nsname].id -- Add 1, as the array must start with 1; nsid 0 would be lost otherwise. nsid = nsid + 1 mappingsOrdered[nsid] = params end end mappingsOrdered = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(mappingsOrdered) -- Build the table. local ret = '{| class="wikitable"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! ' .. nsHeader .. '\n! ' .. aliasesHeader for i, params in ipairs(mappingsOrdered) do for j, param in ipairs(params) do if j == 1 then ret = ret .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <code>' .. param .. '</code>' .. '\n| ' elseif j == 2 then ret = ret .. '<code>' .. param .. '</code>' else ret = ret .. ', <code>' .. param .. '</code>' end end end ret = ret .. '\n|-' .. '\n|}' return ret end return p j7kygz1y56jpz4doq0m2c6x1td5d8ar 828 3794 17372 2014-06-17T22:31:20Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Module:Namespace detect/data]] Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Namespace detect data -- -- This module holds data for [[Module:Namespace detect]] to be loaded per -- -- page, rather than per #invoke, for performance reasons. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = require('Module:Namespace detect/config') local function addKey(t, key, defaultKey) if key ~= defaultKey then t[#t + 1] = key end end -- Get a table of parameters to query for each default parameter name. -- This allows wikis to customise parameter names in the cfg table while -- ensuring that default parameter names will always work. The cfg table -- values can be added as a string, or as an array of strings. local defaultKeys = { 'main', 'talk', 'other', 'subjectns', 'demospace', 'demopage' } local argKeys = {} for i, defaultKey in ipairs(defaultKeys) do argKeys[defaultKey] = {defaultKey} end for defaultKey, t in pairs(argKeys) do local cfgValue = cfg[defaultKey] local cfgValueType = type(cfgValue) if cfgValueType == 'string' then addKey(t, cfgValue, defaultKey) elseif cfgValueType == 'table' then for i, key in ipairs(cfgValue) do addKey(t, key, defaultKey) end end cfg[defaultKey] = nil -- Free the cfg value as we don't need it any more. end local function getParamMappings() --[[ -- Returns a table of how parameter names map to namespace names. The keys -- are the actual namespace names, in lower case, and the values are the -- possible parameter names for that namespace, also in lower case. The -- table entries are structured like this: -- { -- [''] = {'main'}, -- ['wikipedia'] = {'wikipedia', 'project', 'wp'}, -- ... -- } --]] local mappings = {} local mainNsName = mw.site.subjectNamespaces[0].name mainNsName = mw.ustring.lower(mainNsName) mappings[mainNsName] = mw.clone(argKeys.main) mappings['talk'] = mw.clone(argKeys.talk) for nsid, ns in pairs(mw.site.subjectNamespaces) do if nsid ~= 0 then -- Exclude main namespace. local nsname = mw.ustring.lower(ns.name) local canonicalName = mw.ustring.lower(ns.canonicalName) mappings[nsname] = {nsname} if canonicalName ~= nsname then table.insert(mappings[nsname], canonicalName) end for _, alias in ipairs(ns.aliases) do table.insert(mappings[nsname], mw.ustring.lower(alias)) end end end return mappings end return { argKeys = argKeys, cfg = cfg, mappings = getParamMappings() } ojp6d3pc8mql5nufaqdg576c9so3479 828 3795 17373 2014-06-17T22:31:53Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Module:Namespace detect/config]] Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Namespace detect configuration data -- -- -- -- This module stores configuration data for Module:Namespace detect. Here -- -- you can localise the module to your wiki's language. -- -- -- -- To activate a configuration item, you need to uncomment it. This means -- -- that you need to remove the text "-- " at the start of the line. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- Don't edit this line. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter names -- -- These configuration items specify custom parameter names. Values added -- -- here will work in addition to the default English parameter names. -- -- To add one extra name, you can use this format: -- -- -- -- cfg.foo = 'parameter name' -- -- -- -- To add multiple names, you can use this format: -- -- -- -- cfg.foo = {'parameter name 1', 'parameter name 2', 'parameter name 3'} -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- This parameter displays content for the main namespace: -- cfg.main = 'main' ---- This parameter displays in talk namespaces: -- cfg.talk = 'talk' ---- This parameter displays content for "other" namespaces (namespaces for which ---- parameters have not been specified): -- cfg.other = 'other' ---- This parameter makes talk pages behave as though they are the corresponding ---- subject namespace. Note that this parameter is used with [[Module:Yesno]]. ---- Edit that module to change the default values of "yes", "no", etc. -- cfg.subjectns = 'subjectns' ---- This parameter sets a demonstration namespace: -- cfg.demospace = 'demospace' ---- This parameter sets a specific page to compare: cfg.demopage = 'page' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Table configuration -- -- These configuration items allow customisation of the "table" function, -- -- used to generate a table of possible parameters in the module -- -- documentation. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- The header for the namespace column in the wikitable containing the list of ---- possible subject-space parameters. -- cfg.wikitableNamespaceHeader = 'Namespace' ---- The header for the wikitable containing the list of possible subject-space ---- parameters. -- cfg.wikitableAliasesHeader = 'Aliases' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End of configuration data -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return cfg -- Don't edit this line. 1o6ozz56i8q0xgyl6xa41n2v7kelhli 828 3796 17374 2014-06-17T22:35:25Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Module:Message box/configuration]] Scribunto text/plain local ambox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ambox-speedy', image = 'Ambox speedy deletion.png' }, delete = { class = 'ambox-delete', image = 'Ambox deletion.png' }, content = { class = 'ambox-content', image = 'Ambox content.png' }, style = { class = 'ambox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ambox-move', image = 'Ambox move.png' }, protection = { class = 'ambox-protection', image = 'Ambox protection.png' }, notice = { class = 'ambox-notice', image = 'Ambox notice.png' } }, default = 'notice', allowBlankParams = {'talk', 'sect', 'date', 'issue', 'fix', 'subst', 'hidden'}, allowSmall = true, smallParam = 'left', smallClass = 'mbox-small-left', substCheck = true, classes = {'metadata', 'plainlinks', 'ambox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, imageCheckBlank = true, imageSmallSize = '20x20px', imageCellDiv = true, useCollapsibleTextFields = true, imageRightNone = true, sectionDefault = 'article', allowMainspaceCategories = true, templateCategory = 'Article message templates', templateCategoryRequireName = true, templateErrorCategory = 'Article message templates with missing parameters', templateErrorParamsToCheck = {'issue', 'fix', 'subst'} } local cmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'cmbox-speedy', image = 'Cmbox deletion.png' }, delete = { class = 'cmbox-delete', image = 'Cmbox deletion.png' }, content = { class = 'cmbox-content', image = 'Cmbox content.png' }, style = { class = 'cmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'cmbox-move', image = 'Cmbox move.png' }, protection = { class = 'cmbox-protection', image = 'Cmbox protection.png' }, notice = { class = 'cmbox-notice', image = 'Cmbox notice.png' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'plainlinks', 'cmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true } local fmbox = { types = { warning = { class = 'fmbox-warning', image = 'Cmbox deletion.png' }, editnotice = { class = 'fmbox-editnotice', image = 'Imbox notice.png' }, system = { class = 'fmbox-system', image = 'Imbox notice.png' } }, default = 'system', showInvalidTypeError = true, allowId = true, classes = {'plainlinks', 'fmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = false, imageRightNone = false } local imbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'imbox-speedy', image = 'Imbox speedy deletion.png' }, delete = { class = 'imbox-delete', image = 'Imbox deletion.png' }, content = { class = 'imbox-content', image = 'Imbox content.png' }, style = { class = 'imbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'imbox-move', image = 'Imbox move.png' }, protection = { class = 'imbox-protection', image = 'Imbox protection.png' }, license = { class = 'imbox-license', image = 'Imbox license.png' }, featured = { class = 'imbox-featured', image = 'Imbox featured.png' }, notice = { class = 'imbox-notice', image = 'Imbox notice.png' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'imbox'}, usePlainlinksParam = true, imageEmptyCell = true, below = true, templateCategory = 'File message boxes' } local ombox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ombox-speedy', image = 'Imbox speedy deletion.png' }, delete = { class = 'ombox-delete', image = 'Imbox deletion.png' }, content = { class = 'ombox-content', image = 'Imbox content.png' }, style = { class = 'ombox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ombox-move', image = 'Imbox move.png' }, protection = { class = 'ombox-protection', image = 'Imbox protection.png' }, notice = { class = 'ombox-notice', image = 'Imbox notice.png' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'plainlinks', 'ombox'}, allowSmall = true, imageEmptyCell = true, imageRightNone = true } local tmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'tmbox-speedy', image = 'Imbox speedy deletion.png' }, delete = { class = 'tmbox-delete', image = 'Imbox deletion.png' }, content = { class = 'tmbox-content', image = 'Imbox content.png' }, style = { class = 'tmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg ' }, move = { class = 'tmbox-move', image = 'Imbox move.png' }, protection = { class = 'tmbox-protection', image = 'Imbox protection.png' }, notice = { class = 'tmbox-notice', image = 'Imbox notice.png' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'plainlinks', 'tmbox'}, allowId = true, allowSmall = true, imageRightNone = true, imageEmptyCell = true, imageEmptyCellStyle = true, templateCategory = 'Talk message boxes' } return { ambox = ambox, cmbox = cmbox, fmbox = fmbox, imbox = imbox, ombox = ombox, tmbox = tmbox } hw6xn0k5hxmx22jmgmith42r5ccwspz 10 3799 17381 2014-06-29T20:05:31Z WhisperToMe 1780 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{ sister | position = {{{position|}}} | project = commons | text = Wikimedia Commons has {{{alt-term|media related to}}} '''''commons:{{{1|Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}... wikitext text/x-wiki {{ sister | position = {{{position|}}} | project = commons | text = Wikimedia Commons has {{{alt-term|media related to}}} '''''[[commons:{{{1|Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]'''''. }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc sub-page and interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 5bxrl52fspffd5w8544xfkhxcipgi1v 10 3800 17382 2014-06-29T20:06:57Z WhisperToMe 1780 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{Side box | position = {{{position|}}} | image = {{#switch: {{{image|}}} | none = <!-- "image=none", do nothing --> | = <!-- No image fed, select an ima... wikitext text/x-wiki {{Side box | position = {{{position|}}} | image = {{#switch: {{{image|}}} | none = <!-- "image=none", do nothing --> | = <!-- No image fed, select an image --> [[Image:{{#switch: {{lc: {{{project|}}} }} | commons = Commons-logo.svg | meta|metawiki|m = Wikimedia Community Logo.svg | wikibooks|wbk|wb|b = Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg | wikidata|data = Wikidata-logo.svg | wikiquote|quote|wqt|q = Wikiquote-logo.svg | wikipedia|wp|w = Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg | wikisource|source|ws|s = Wikisource-logo.svg | wiktionary|wkt|wdy|d = Wiktionary-logo-en.svg | wikinews|news|wnw|n = Wikinews-logo.svg | wikispecies|species = Wikispecies-logo.svg | wikiversity|wvy|v = Wikiversity-logo.svg | wikivoyage|voyage|voy = Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg | mediawiki|mw = Mediawiki.png | outreachwiki|outreach = Wikimedia Outreach.png | incubator = Incubator-notext.svg | #default = Wikimedia-logo.svg }}|40x40px|link=|alt= ]] | #default = {{{image|}}} }} | text = {{{text}}} | below = {{{below|}}} | imageright = {{{imageright|}}} | class = plainlinks }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> j9g1vzq75i6cqwvfecv95lq1eauvf7x 10 3801 17383 2014-06-29T20:07:40Z WhisperToMe 1780 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{#invoke:Side box|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Side box|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> s1zpy5c500y28mjgve7gykq14088u4e 828 3804 17387 2014-07-03T01:33:47Z WhisperToMe 1780 Imported from the English Wikipedia Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{side box}}. local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.main(frame) local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do v = v:match('%s*(.-)%s*$') if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local data = p.makeData(args) return p.renderSidebox(data) end function p.makeData(args) local data = {} -- Main table classes data.classes = {} if yesno(args.metadata) ~= false then table.insert(data.classes, 'metadata') end if args.position and args.position:lower() == 'left' then table.insert(data.classes, 'mbox-small-left') else table.insert(data.classes, 'mbox-small') end table.insert(data.classes, args.class) -- Image if args.image and args.image ~= 'none' then data.image = args.image end -- Copy over data that doesn't need adjusting local argsToCopy = { -- Styles 'style', 'textstyle', -- Above row 'above', 'abovestyle', -- Body row 'text', 'imageright', -- Below row 'below', } for i, key in ipairs(argsToCopy) do data[key] = args[key] end return data end function p.renderSidebox(data) -- Renders the sidebox HTML. -- Table root local root = mw.html.create('table') for i, class in ipairs(data.classes or {}) do root:addClass(class) end root:css{border = '1px solid #aaa', ['background-color'] = '#f9f9f9'} if data.style then root:cssText(data.style) end -- The "above" row if data.above then local aboveCell = root:newline():tag('tr'):tag('td') aboveCell :attr('colspan', data.imageright and 3 or 2) :addClass('mbox-text') if data.textstyle then aboveCell:cssText(data.textstyle) end if data.abovestyle then aboveCell:cssText(data.abovestyle) end aboveCell :newline() :wikitext(data.above) end -- The body row local bodyRow = root:newline():tag('tr'):newline() if data.image then bodyRow:tag('td') :addClass('mbox-image') :wikitext(data.image) else bodyRow:tag('td'):css('width', '1px') end local textCell = bodyRow:newline():tag('td') textCell:addClass('mbox-text plainlist') if data.textstyle then textCell:cssText(data.textstyle) end textCell:wikitext(data.text) if data.imageright then bodyRow:newline():tag('td') :addClass('mbox-imageright') :wikitext(data.imageright) end -- The below row if data.below then local belowCell = root:newline():tag('tr'):tag('td') belowCell :attr('colspan', data.imageright and 3 or 2) :addClass('mbox-text') if data.textstyle then belowCell:cssText(data.textstyle) end belowCell:wikitext(data.below) end return tostring(root) end return p jfmbvohofft3khrv2rsbyzmhn8vt45d 10 3807 17395 2014-07-13T12:39:28Z CFCF 3447 From the English Wikipedia wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ #if: {{{inventor-surname|{{{inventor1-surname|{{{inventor-last|{{{inventor1-last|{{{inventor|{{{invent1|{{{invent-1|{{{country-code|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} <!-- CITATIONS FOR PATENTS --> |{{Citation/patent |Surname1 = {{{inventor-surname|{{{inventor1-surname|{{{inventor-last|{{{inventor1-last|{{{inventor|{{{invent-1|{{{invent1|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |Surname2={{{inventor2-surname|{{{inventor2-last|{{{inventor2|{{{invent2|}}}}}}}}}}}} |Surname3={{{inventor3-surname|{{{inventor3-last|{{{inventor3|{{{invent3|}}}}}}}}}}}} |Surname4={{{inventor4-surname|{{{inventor4-last|{{{inventor4|{{{invent4|}}}}}}}}}}}} |Given1 = {{{inventor-given|{{{inventor1-given|{{{inventor-first|{{{inventor1-first|}}}}}}}}}}}} |Given2={{{inventor2-given|{{{inventor2-first|}}}}}} |Given3={{{inventor3-given|{{{inventor3-first|}}}}}} |Given4={{{inventor4-given|{{{inventor4-first|}}}}}} |Inventorlink1={{{inventorlink1|{{{inventorlink|}}}}}} |Inventorlink2={{{inventorlink2|}}} |Inventorlink3={{{inventorlink3|}}} |Inventorlink4={{{inventorlink4|}}} |Title={{{title|}}} |CountryCode={{{country-code|{{{country|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} |PublicationNumber={{{publication-number|{{{patent-number|{{{number|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}}} |Description={{{description|{{{status|{{{3|}}}}}}}}} |PublicationDate={{{publication-date|{{{pubdate|}}}}}} |IssueDate={{{issue-date|{{{gdate|}}}}}} |Year={{{year}}} |FilingDate={{{fdate|}}} |PriorityDate={{{pridate|}}} |Assignee1={{{assign1|}}} |Assignee2={{{assign2|}}} |Ref={{{ref|harv}}} |Sep = {{#ifeq:{{{separator|{{{seperator}}}}}}|;|&#059;|{{{separator|{{{seperator|,}}}}}}}} |PS = {{#if:{{{quote|}}}||{{{postscript|}}}|.}} |AuthorSep = {{#ifeq:{{{author-separator|}}}|;|&#059;|{{{author-separator|&#059;}}}}}&#32; }}<!-- CITATIONS FOR THINGS LIKE BOOKS AND PERIODICALS --> |{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=citation |separator=, |ref=harv |postscript= }} }}{{#if:{{{accessdaymonth|}}}{{{accessmonthday|}}}{{{accessday|}}}{{{accessmonth|}}}{{{accessyear|}}}{{{day|}}}{{{access-date|}}}{{{dateformat|}}}|[[Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters|{{NAMESPACE}} {{PAGENAME}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> f5bastipuwbi8aqg45xupxr73g985wy 0 3824 18596 18505 2016-09-01T12:09:20Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/87.0.62.220|87.0.62.220]] ([[User talk:87.0.62.220|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Soyme|Soyme]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Traianus Glyptothek Munich 72.jpg|240px|thumb|ትራያኑስ]] '''ትራያኑስ''' ላቲን፦ Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nervae filius Augustus) (ካብ[[53]] ዓ.ም. ክሳዕ[[117]] ዓ.ም.) ካብ[[98]] ዓ.ም. ክሳዕ 117 ዓ.ም. ንጉስ ግዝኣት ሮማ ዝነበረ። 16bufux6ny94yl9synt81hozfncm23v 0 3828 17438 2014-08-30T07:47:24Z CFCF 3447 #REDIRECT [[ሕማም ቫይረስ ኢቦላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሕማም ቫይረስ ኢቦላ]] 1z3h4f0gr5go3kyh92401ul05eitd6x 0 3829 23129 23109 2021-09-21T16:19:49Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox disease | name = Ebola virus disease | image = 7042 lores-Ebola-Zaire-CDC Photo.jpg | caption = <!--1976 photograph of two nurses standing in front of [[Mayinga N'Seka|Mayinga N.]], a person with Ebola virus disease; she died only a few days later due to severe internal hemorrhaging. Needs to be translated--> | DiseasesDB = 18043 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|98|4|a|90}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|065.8}} | MedlinePlus = 001339 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 626 | MeshID = D019142 }} '''ሕማም ቫይረስ ኢቦላ''' ('''EVD''') ወይ '''ምድማይን ረስንንg ዜስዕብ ኢቦላ''' ('''EHF'''፡ ብ[[ቫይረስ ኢቦላ]] ዚስዕብ ሕማም ደቂ ሰባት እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ምልካፍ’ቲ ቫይረስ’ቲ ካብ ዘጋጠመሉ እዋን፡ ካብ ክልተ መዓልታት ክሳዕ ሰለስተ ሳምንታት ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ፡ [[ረስኒ]]፣ ቊስሊ ጐሮሮ፣[[Myalgia|ቃንዛ ጭዋዳ]] ከምኡውን [[ሕማም ርእሲ]] ዝኣመሰሉ ምልክታት የርኢ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ብፍላይ ድማ [[ዕግርግር-ምባል]]፣ ተምላስ ከምኡውን [[ውጽኣት]] ቀጺሉ የጋጥም፣ ስራሕ [[ጸላም ከብዲ]] ከምኡውን [[ኲሊት]]ከምዚጐድል ድማ ይገብር።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ፡ ገለ ሰባት፡ ጸገማት [[ምድማይ]] ከጋጥሞም ይጅምር እዩ።<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N°103|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 April 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> <!-- ጠንቅን ነጸርታን--> እዚ ቫይረስ፡ ን[[ደም]] ወይ [[ፈሳሲ ኣካል]]ናይ ዝተለኽፈ እንስሳ (መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ኣህባይ ወይ [[መንካዕ ፍረታት]]ብምትንካፍ ኪመጽእ ይኽእል። <ref name=WHO2014/> ኣብ ንቡር ከባቢ፡ ብመገዲ ኣየር ከምዚመሓላለፍ ዝተሰነደ ነገር የለን።.<ref name=WHOAir2014>{{cite web|title=2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 August 2014|date=Apr 21 2014|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729034008/http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> መንካዕ ፍረታት፡ ንሰን ከይተለኽፋ ንቫይረስ ብምጻር ከመሓላልፋ ከምዝኽእላ ይእመን።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> እቲ ሕማም ድማ ኣብ ሰብ መልከፍቲ ምስኣጋጠመ ኣብ መንጐ ሰባት ኪመሓላለፍ ይኽእል።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> እቶም ካብቲ ሕማም ዝደሓኑ ደቀ-ተባዕትዮ፡ ንኸባቢ ክልተ ኣዋርሕ ዚኸውን ብመገዲ [[ዘርኢ ተባዕታይ]] ኣቢሎም ነቲ ሕማም ከመሓላልፉ ይኽእሉ እዮም።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ነጸርታ ሕማም ንምክያድ፡ ፈለማ ከም [[ዓሶ]]፡ [[ሸሮኽ]] ከምኡውን ካልእ [[ምድማይን ረስንን ዜስዕብ ቫይረስ]]ንዝኣመሰለ ተመሳሳሊ ምልክታት ናይ ካልእ ሕማማት ተለሊዩ ከምዚእለ ይግበር። <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ነቲ ነጸርታ ንምርግጋጽ ድማ ቅምሶታት ደም ብምውሳድ፡ [[ጸረ-ነፍሳት]]’ቲ ቫይረስ፡ [[RNA]]’ቲ ቫይረስ ወይ ባዕሉ’ቲ ቫይረስ እንተልዩ መርመራ ይግበረሉ።<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- ምክልኻል --> ምክልኻል፡ ካብ ዝተለኽፉ ኣህባይን ሓሰማታትን ናብ ሰባት ንዝህሉ ምልባዕ’ቲ ሕማም ከምዚጐድል ምግባር ዜጠቓልል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> እዚ ድማ ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ እንሳታት መልከፍቲ ንኸይስዕቡ ብምክትታል ከምኡውን እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ዝተረኽበሉ እዋን ንዕኦም ብምቕታል ነቲ ረሳታቶም ብግቡእ ብምእላይን ኪግበር ይከኣል።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ንስጋ ብግቡእ ከምዚበስል ምግባርን ስጋ ኣብ ዝትሓዘሉ እዋን በጃ ኽዳን ምውዳይን፡ ,<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ከምኡውን ኣብ ከባቢ’ቲ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ኣብ እትኾነሉ እዋን በጃ ኽዳን ምውዳይን [[ኣእዳው ምሕጻብን]] ሓጋዚ ኪኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> ቅምሶታት ናይቲ በቲ ሕማም ካብ ዝሓመሙ ሰባት ዝወጽእ ፈሳሲ ኣካልን ትሹታትን፡ ብፍሉይ ጥንቃቐ ክትሓዝ ይግባእ።<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- ሕክምና፣ ቅድመ-ገምጋም ሕማምን ምትሕልላፍን ምክልኻልን ሕማምን--> ፍሉይ ሕክምና ናይቲ ሕማም እኳ እንተዘየለ፡ ነቶም ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት ንምሕጋዝ ዚግበር ጻዕርታት፡ ን[[ፍወሳ ኦኣርኤስ (oral rehydration therapy)]](ብውሑድ ሽኮርን ጨውን ዝተዳለወ ማይ ከምዝሰትዩ ምግባር) ወይ [[ብመትኒ ዚውሃብ ፈሳሲ]]የጠቓልል።<ref name=WHO2014/> እዚ ሕማም’ዚ፡ ልዑል [[መጠነ ሞት]]ኣለዎ፥ ካብቶም በቲ ቫይረስ ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት ድማ ካብ 50% ክሳዕ 90% ይሞቱ።<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name="Elsevier/Academic Press">{{cite book|author1=C.M. Fauquet|title=Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780080575483|page=648|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Wy7Jgy5RWYC&pg=PA648}}</ref> ሕማም ኢቦላ ቫይረስ፡ ፈለማ ኣብ [[ሱዳን]] ከምኡውን [[ደሞክራስያዊ ረፑብሊክ ኮንኮ]] ተራእዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> እዚ ሕማም’ዚ፡ ኣብ ትሮፒካዊ ከባቢታት [[ትሕተ-ሳህራ ኣፍሪቃ]] ኣብ ዝህሉ ለበዳታት ከም ልሙድ የጋጥም።<ref name=WHO2014/> ካብ 1976 (ፈለማ ካብ ዝተራእየሉ እዋን) ክሳዕ 2013፡ ኣብ ዓመት ትሕቲ 1,000 ሰባት በቲ ሕማም ይልከፉ ነይሮም።<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=MMWRJune2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola Viral Disease Outbreak — West Africa, 2014|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6325a4.htm?s_cid=mm6325a4_w|website=CDC|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> እቲ ክሳዕ ሕጂ ዘጋጠመ ዝዓበየ ለበዳ፡ እቲ ኣብዚ እዋን ን[[ጊኒ]]፡ [[ሴራ ላዮን]]፡ [[ላይበርያ]] ከምኡውን ብመጠኑ ን[[ናይጀርያ]]ዜጥቅዕ ዘሎ [[ለበዳ ኢቦላ ምዕራብ ኣፍሪቃ 2014]]እዩ።<ref name=CDC2014>{{cite web|title=CDC urges all US residents to avoid nonessential travel to Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone because of an unprecedented outbreak of Ebola.|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ebola-liberia|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=July 31, 2014}}</ref><ref name=CDCAug2014N>{{cite web|title=Outbreak of Ebola in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=5 August 2014|date=August 4, 2014}}</ref> ክሳዕ ነሓሰ 2014፡ ልዕሊ 1600 ሕሙማት ተለኺፎም ኣለዉ።<ref>{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease update - West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=6 August 2014|date=Aug 4, 2014|archive-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6UJCrmDvn?url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[ክታበት]] ንምምዕባል ቀጻሊ ጻዕርታት ይግበር እኳ እንተሃለወ፡ ዝተረኽበ ነገር ምንም የለን። <ref name=WHO2014/> ==መወከሲታት== {{Reflist|colwidth=25em}} ; ዝርዝር ጽሑፋት {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Klenk |first=Hans-Dieter |title=Marburg and Ebola Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology) |date=January 1999 |publisher=Springer-Verlag Telos |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-64729-4 |ref=CITEREFKlenk1999}} * {{Cite book |first1=Hans-Dieter |last1=Klenk |first2=Heinz |last2=Feldmann |title=Ebola and Marburg viruses: molecular and cellular biology |url=http://books.google.com/?id=EV_mFgnyPoMC |format=Limited preview |year=2004 |publisher=Horizon Bioscience |location=Wymondham, Norfolk, UK |isbn=978-0-9545232-3-7 |ref=CITEREFKlenkFeldmann2004 }} * {{Cite book |last=Kuhn |first=Jens H. |title=Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=LaOue0F9Ns4C |format=Limited preview |year=2008 |publisher=SpringerWienNewYork |location=Vienna |isbn=978-3-211-20670-6 |ref=CITEREFKuhn2008 }} * {{Cite book |last1=McCormick |first1=Joseph |last2=Fisher-Hoch |first2=Susan |others=Horvitz, Leslie Alan |title=Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC |url=http://books.google.com/?id=QEvR3aJX2m0C |format=Limited preview |origyear=1996 |edition=Updated [3rd] |year=1999 |publisher=Barnes & Noble |isbn=978-0-7607-1208-5 |ref=CITEREFMcCormickFisher-Hoch1999 |month=June }} * {{Cite book |last=Pattyn |first=S. R. |title=Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever |year=1978 |url=http://www.itg.be/ebola/ |format=Full free text |edition=1st |publisher=Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=0-444-80060-3 |ref=CITEREFPattyn1978 |access-date=2014-08-30 |archive-date=2010-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211083855/http://www.itg.be/ebola/ |dead-url=yes }} * {{Cite book | last1 = Ryabchikova | first1 = Elena I. | last2 = Price | first2 = Barbara B. | title = Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy | year = 2004 | publisher = Battelle Press | location = Columbus, Ohio | isbn = 978-1-57477-131-2 | ref = CITEREFRyabchikovaPrice2004 }} {{Refend}} ==ናይ ካልእ መወከሲ መርበባት-ሓበሬታ== {{Refbegin}} * [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/207.html ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses] – Virological repository from the [[Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics]] * [http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever] – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch * [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/ WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever] – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response * [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=filo Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140808072117/http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/searchResults.html/?q=ebola 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank(EMDB)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819171607/https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=202977755949863934429.0004c658eb30f9c4fb1c0&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=27.371767,5.273438&spn=110.017392,184.21875&z=2&source=embed&dg=feature Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140816223245/http://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/filovirus_infection_control/en/ WHO recommended infection control measures] {{Refend}} {{Bot|Harej}} p2ugxt2ront346t93kx0sr0k3ulhpig 10 3830 17442 2014-08-30T07:54:26Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Template:ICD9]] wikitext text/x-wiki [http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> inlm7lg4izfzyun1823ezel8jsddgvh 10 3831 17443 2014-08-30T07:55:23Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Template:Refbegin]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div class="refbegin <!-- -->{{#if: {{{normalfont|}}} | refbegin-100 }} <!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} | columns {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} | references-column-width | references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | references-column-width }} }}" style="<!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} | {{column-width|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}} | {{column-count|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | {{column-width|{{{colwidth}}}}} }} }}"><!-- -->{{#if: {{{indent|}}} | <dl style="text-indent: -{{{indentsize|3.2}}}em;">}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} {{/TemplateData}} </noinclude> l6okm8135xhah28f8cuz338k0vca2pn 10 3832 17444 2014-08-30T07:56:01Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Template:Refend]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></dl></div></includeonly><noinclude> {{template doc|Template:refbegin/doc}} {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Ends a reference lists started by {{refbegin}}.", "params": { } } </templatedata> </noinclude> ge8cznfxl0zil9rreahsolaz4ivrvek 828 3833 24580 21751 2023-11-21T21:53:41Z 2601:18E:C67F:960:4486:8C6D:3DD7:CBE1 Scribunto text/plain require ('strict'); --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit ]] local validation; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation local utilities; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local z = {}; -- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local identifiers; -- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers local metadata; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS local cfg = {}; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration local whitelist = {}; -- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist --[[------------------< P A G E S C O P E V A R I A B L E S >--------------- declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here ]] local added_deprecated_cat; -- Boolean flag so that the category is added only once local added_vanc_errs; -- Boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category local added_generic_name_errs; -- Boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered local Frame; -- holds the module's frame table local is_preview_mode; -- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module) local is_sandbox; -- true when using sandbox modules to render citation --[[--------------------------< F I R S T _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------ Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table, left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated. Returns nil if none are set. This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs. With the pairs version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed. With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list. ]] local function first_set (list, count) local i = 1; while i <= count do -- loop through all items in list if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then return list[i]; -- return the first set list member end i = i + 1; -- point to next end end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R >---------------------------------------------------- Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist. To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted. added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above ]] local function add_vanc_error (source, position) if added_vanc_errs then return end added_vanc_errs = true; -- note that we've added this category utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position}); end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S C H E M E >------------------------------------------------------------ does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme? The scheme is checked to see if it is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says: Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-"). returns true if it does, else false ]] local function is_scheme (scheme) return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:'); -- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E >-------------------------------------------------- Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name? Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5 BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234 Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15; see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]] list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit. Between the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen. Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD. tld is two or more alpha characters. Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped here. Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal. There are several tests: the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490 single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD i and q SL domains in the .net TLD single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters) two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false ]=] local function is_domain_name (domain) if not domain then return false; -- if not set, abandon end domain = domain:gsub ('^//', ''); -- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once if not domain:match ('^[%w]') then -- first character must be letter or digit return false; end if domain:match ('^%a+:') then -- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource return false; end local patterns = { -- patterns that look like URLs '%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$', -- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld '%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$', -- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix '%f[%a][qxz]%.com$', -- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10) '%f[%a][iq]%.net$', -- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10) '%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$', -- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars) '%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$', -- two character hostname and TLD '^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?', -- IPv4 address } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- loop through the patterns list if domain:match (pattern) then return true; -- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL end end for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do -- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then return true end end return false; -- no matches, we don't know what this thing is end --[[--------------------------< I S _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------------ returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false. This function is the last step in the validation process. This function is separate because there are cases that are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external wikilinks. ]] local function is_url (scheme, domain) if utilities.is_set (scheme) then -- if scheme is set check it and domain return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain); else return is_domain_name (domain); -- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative end end --[[--------------------------< S P L I T _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------ Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain. First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#). If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain. When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain. If there is an authority indicator (one or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2. Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//). TODO: are there other common schemes like news: that don't use authority indicator? Strip off any port and path; ]] local function split_url (url_str) local scheme, authority, domain; url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1'); -- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//') if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then -- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)') elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then -- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)'); -- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions if utilities.is_set (authority) then authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1); -- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing; if utilities.is_set(authority) then -- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then return scheme; -- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message end else if not scheme:match ('^news:') then -- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test? return scheme; -- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message end end domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1'); -- strip port number if present end return scheme, domain; end --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K >--------------------------------------------------- checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed: # < > [ ] | { } _ except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links returns false when the value contains any of these characters. When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is NOT ok). ]] local function link_param_ok (value) local scheme, domain; if value:find ('[<>%[%]|{}]') then -- if any prohibited characters return false; end scheme, domain = split_url (value); -- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; return not is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL end --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K >--------------------------------------------------- Use link_param_ok() to validate |<param>-link= value and its matching |<title>= value. |<title>= may be wiki-linked but not when |<param>-link= has a value. This function emits an error message when that condition exists check <link> for inter-language interwiki-link prefix. prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code and must begin with a colon. ]] local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig) local orig; if utilities.is_set (link) then -- don't bother if <param>-link doesn't have a value if not link_param_ok (link) then -- check |<param>-link= markup orig = lorig; -- identify the failing link parameter elseif title:find ('%[%[') then -- check |title= for wikilink markup orig = torig; -- identify the failing |title= parameter elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then -- if the link is what looks like an interwiki local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower(); -- get the interwiki prefix if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then -- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon orig = lorig; -- flag as error end end end if utilities.is_set (orig) then link = ''; -- unset utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig); -- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=; end return link; -- link if ok, empty string else end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------ Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid. First we test for space characters. If any are found, return false. Then split the URL into scheme and domain portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain. Use is_url() to validate the two portions of the URL. If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false. Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here. The specification for a newsgroup name is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4 ]] local function check_url( url_str ) if nil == url_str:match ("^%S+$") then -- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL return false; end local scheme, domain; scheme, domain = split_url (url_str); -- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; if 'news:' == scheme then -- special case for newsgroups return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$'); end return is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------- Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL. The test will also find external wikilinks that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs. The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs. The tests that find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=, and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]] is possible as might be [[en://Hus]]. ]=] local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value) local scheme, domain; if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then -- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz] scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]')); elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then -- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz] scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]')); elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then -- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)')); elseif value:match ('//%S+') then -- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; may have leading or trailing plain text scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)')); -- what is left should be the domain else return false; -- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL end return is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end --[[-------------------------< C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L >----------------------------------------------------- loop through a list of parameters and their values. Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message. ]] local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list) for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do -- for each parameter in the list if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then -- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k)); end end end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------ Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions ]] local function safe_for_url( str ) if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {}); end return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', { ['['] = '&#91;', [']'] = '&#93;', ['\n'] = ' ' } ); end --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Format an external link with error checking ]] local function external_link (URL, label, source, access) local err_msg = ''; local domain; local path; local base_url; if not utilities.is_set (label) then label = URL; if utilities.is_set (source) then utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); else error (cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"]); -- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter end end if not check_url (URL) then utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); end domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$'); -- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path if path then -- if there is a path portion path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'}); -- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values URL = table.concat ({domain, path}); -- and reassemble end base_url = table.concat ({ "[", URL, " ", safe_for_url (label), "]" }); -- assemble a wiki-markup URL if utilities.is_set (access) then -- access level (subscription, registration, limited) base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url}); -- add the appropriate icon end return base_url; end --[[--------------------------< D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R >-------------------------------------- Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters. The function includes the offending parameter name to the error message. Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation. added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above ]] local function deprecated_parameter(name) if not added_deprecated_cat then added_deprecated_cat = true; -- note that we've added this category utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name}); -- add error message end end --[=[-------------------------< K E R N _ Q U O T E S >-------------------------------------------------------- Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value. This function will positive kern either single or double quotes: "'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'" " 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example) Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned. Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter quote marks regardless of the need for kerning. Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks. Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles. ]=] local function kern_quotes (str) local cap = ''; local wl_type, label, link; wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str); -- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]] if 1 == wl_type then -- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then -- leading and trailing quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+%]%]') then -- leading quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then -- trailing quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); end else -- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\"'); -- replace “” (U+201C & U+201D) with " (typewriter double quote mark) label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\''); -- replace ‘’ (U+2018 & U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark) cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^([\"\'][^\'].+)"); -- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) if utilities.is_set (cap) then label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap); end cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^(.+[^\'][\"\'])$") -- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) if utilities.is_set (cap) then label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap); end if 2 == wl_type then str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label); -- reassemble the wikilink else str = label; end end return str; end --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E >---------------------------------------- |script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should not be italicized and may be written right-to-left. The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped in italic markup. Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in <bdi>...</bdi> tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right. |script-title= provides a unique feature. The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon: |script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character) Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed: |script-title=ja : *** *** |script-title=ja: *** *** |script-title=ja :*** *** Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** *** The prefix is checked for validity. If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang="ja") is added to the <bdi> tag so that browsers can know the language the tag contains. This may help the browser render the script more correctly. If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute is not added. At this time there is no error message for this condition. Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-<periodical>= ]] local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param) local lang=''; -- initialize to empty string local name; if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then -- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*'); -- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script if not utilities.is_set (lang) then utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']}); -- prefix without 'title'; add error message return ''; -- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string end -- if we get this far we have prefix and script name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code ); -- get language name so that we can use it to categorize if utilities.is_set (name) then -- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code? script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', ''); -- strip prefix from script -- is prefix one of these language codes? if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang}) else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']}); -- unknown script-language; add error message end lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '" '; -- convert prefix into a lang attribute else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']}); -- invalid language code; add error message lang = ''; -- invalid so set lang to empty string end else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']}); -- no language code prefix; add error message end script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value}); -- isolate in case script is RTL return script_value; end --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E >------------------------------------------ Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script value has been wrapped in <bdi> tags. ]] local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param) if utilities.is_set (script) then script = format_script_value (script, script_param); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error if utilities.is_set (script) then title = title .. ' ' .. script; -- concatenate title and script title end end return title; end --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ M S G >-------------------------------------------------------------- Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument. Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates. Additional text taken from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style(). ]] local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower) if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then return ""; end if true == lower then local msg; msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower(); -- set the message to lower case before return utilities.substitute ( msg, str ); -- including template text else return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str ); end end --[[----------------< W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E >------------------- Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link. Returns the URL and appropriate label; nil else. str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link= ]] local function wikisource_url_make (str) local wl_type, D, L; local ws_url, ws_label; local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'}); wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str); -- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink) if 0 == wl_type then -- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link= str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title }); ws_label = str; -- label for the URL end elseif 1 == wl_type then -- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]] str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title }); ws_label = str; -- label for the URL end elseif 2 == wl_type then -- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]]) str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_label = D; -- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink }); end end if ws_url then ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI'); -- make a usable URL ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#'); -- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker end return ws_url, ws_label, L or D; -- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil end --[[----------------< F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L >----------------------- Format the three periodical parameters: |script-<periodical>=, |<periodical>=, and |trans-<periodical>= into a single Periodical meta-parameter. ]] local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical) if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then periodical = ''; -- to be safe for concatenation else periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical); -- style end periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical); if utilities.is_set (periodical) then periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical; else -- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical periodical = trans_periodical; utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'}); end end return periodical; end --[[------------------< F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E >--------------- Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=, and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used for error messages). ]] local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, chapter_source, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access) local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter); -- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link if ws_url then ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' '); -- replace underscore separators with space characters chapter = ws_label; end if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then chapter = ''; -- to be safe for concatenation else if false == no_quotes then chapter = kern_quotes (chapter); -- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter); end end chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access); -- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate elseif ws_url then chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter'); -- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this? chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter}); end if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter); if utilities.is_set (chapter) then chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter; else -- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter chapter = trans_chapter; chapter_source = trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)'); -- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-<param> utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {chapter_source}); end end return chapter; end --[[----------------< H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S >------------------- This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters. The search stops at the first match. This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource. Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers. Also detects other named stripmarkers (gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message. See also coins_cleanup(). Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or, for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value. ]] local function has_invisible_chars (param, v) local position = ''; -- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker local capture; -- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker local stripmarker; -- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*'); -- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true if capture == v then -- if same there are no Unicode characters return; end for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do local char_name = invisible_char[1]; -- the character or group name local pattern = invisible_char[2]; -- the pattern used to find it position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern); -- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then -- if we found a zero-width joiner character if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then -- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts position = nil; -- unset position elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then -- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}? position = nil; -- unset position end end if position then if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or -- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition) ('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then -- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters stripmarker = true; -- set a flag elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then -- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker position = nil; -- unset else local err_msg; if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then err_msg = capture .. ' ' .. char_name; else err_msg = char_name .. ' ' .. 'character'; end utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position}); -- add error message return; -- and done with this parameter end end end end --[[-------------------< A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R >---------------------- Argument wrapper. This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable. ]] local function argument_wrapper ( args ) local origin = {}; return setmetatable({ ORIGIN = function ( self, k ) local dummy = self[k]; -- force the variable to be loaded. return origin[k]; end }, { __index = function ( tbl, k ) if origin[k] ~= nil then return nil; end local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k]; if type( list ) == 'table' then v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' ); if origin[k] == nil then origin[k] = ''; -- Empty string, not nil end elseif list ~= nil then v, origin[k] = args[list], list; else -- maybe let through instead of raising an error? -- v, origin[k] = args[k], k; error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k); end -- Empty strings, not nil; if v == nil then v = ''; origin[k] = ''; end tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v ); return v; end, }); end --[[--------------------------< N O W R A P _ D A T E >------------------------- When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>YYYY-MM-DD</span>. When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>DD MMMM</span> YYYY or <span ...>MMMM DD,</span> YYYY DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges. ]] local function nowrap_date (date) local cap = ''; local cap2 = ''; if date:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date); elseif date:match("^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$") or date:match ("^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$") then cap, cap2 = string.match (date, "^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$"); date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2}); end return date; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E >--------------------- This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none). ]] local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type) if utilities.is_set (title_type) then if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then title_type = ''; -- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed end return title_type; -- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value end return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or ''; -- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ J O I N >----------------------------- Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters. ]] local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char ) local f = {}; -- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character' if 1 == #duplicate_char then -- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions f.gsub = string.gsub f.match = string.match f.sub = string.sub else -- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub f.match = mw.ustring.match f.sub = mw.ustring.sub end local str = ''; -- the output string local comp = ''; -- what does 'comp' mean? local end_chr = ''; local trim; for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do if value == nil then value = ''; end if str == '' then -- if output string is empty str = value; -- assign value to it (first time through the loop) elseif value ~= '' then if value:sub(1, 1) == '<' then -- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup. comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" ); -- remove HTML markup (<span>string</span> -> string) else comp = value; end -- typically duplicate_char is sepc if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then -- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character? -- Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the -- preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.? trim = false; end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1); -- get the last character of the output string -- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr .. ")" -- debug stuff? if end_chr == duplicate_char then -- if same as separator str = f.sub(str, 1, -2); -- remove it elseif end_chr == "'" then -- if it might be wiki-markup if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then -- if last three chars of str are sepc'' str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. "''"; -- remove them and add back '' elseif f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]''" then -- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' trim = true; -- why? why do this and next differently from previous? elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]''" then -- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' trim = true; -- same question end elseif end_chr == "]" then -- if it might be wiki-markup if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then -- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '"]' then -- if last three chars of str are sepc"] quoted external link trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then -- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "'']" then -- normal case when |url=something & |title=Title. trim = true; end elseif end_chr == " " then -- if last char of output string is a space if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. " " then -- if last two chars of str are <sepc><space> str = f.sub(str, 1, -3); -- remove them both end end if trim then if value ~= comp then -- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup local dup2 = duplicate_char; if f.match(dup2, "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end -- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it value = f.gsub(value, "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 ) -- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup else value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 ); -- remove duplicate_char when it is first character end end end str = str .. value; -- add it to the output string end end return str; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S U F F I X >----------------------------- returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9. Puncutation not allowed. ]] local function is_suffix (suffix) if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then return true; end return false; end --[[--------------------< I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E >------------------- For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin (read ASCII) characters. When a name uses characters that contain diacritical marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this so editors may/must. This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined in the four Unicode Latin character sets [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F |lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) |firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods This original test: if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿDŽ-ɏ%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿDŽ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$") then was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor to maintain this code. \195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls) \195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls) \195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A & B) \199\132-\201\143 – DŽ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B) ]] local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position) if not suffix then if first:find ('[,%s]') then -- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+'); -- get name/initials suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$'); -- get generational suffix end end if utilities.is_set (suffix) then if not is_suffix (suffix) then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position); return false; -- not a name with an appropriate suffix end end if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%'%.]*$") then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position); return false; -- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization end; return true; end --[[--------------------------< R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S >------------------------------------------ Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc. Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/. Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/. This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials. This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name (). ]] local function reduce_to_initials(first, position) local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match(first, "^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$"); if not name then -- if not initials and a suffix name = mw.ustring.match(first, "^(%u+)$"); -- is it just initials? end if name then -- if first is initials with or without suffix if 3 > mw.ustring.len (name) then -- if one or two initials if suffix then -- if there is a suffix if is_suffix (suffix) then -- is it legitimate? return first; -- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do else add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position); -- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message return first; -- and return first unmolested end else return first; -- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do end end end -- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word local initials, names = {}, {}; -- tables to hold name parts and initials local i = 1; -- counter for number of initials names = mw.text.split (first, '[%s,]+'); -- split into a table of names and possible suffix while names[i] do -- loop through the table if 1 < i and names[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then -- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot) names[i] = names[i]:gsub ('%.', ''); -- remove terminal dot if present if is_suffix (names[i]) then -- if a legitimate suffix table.insert (initials, ' ' .. names[i]); -- add a separator space, insert at end of initials table break; -- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name end -- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization end if 3 > i then table.insert (initials, mw.ustring.sub(names[i], 1, 1)); -- insert the initial at end of initials table end i = i + 1; -- bump the counter end return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces. end --[[--------------------------< I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T >---------------------------------- extract interwiki prefixen from <value>. Returns two one or two values: false – no prefixen nil – prefix exists but not recognized project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of: :<project>:<language>:<article> :<language>:<project>:<article> project prefix, nil – when <value> has only a known single-letter prefix nil, language prefix – when <value> has only a known language prefix accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and v (wikiversity)) are not supported. ]] local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link) if not value:find (':%l+:') then -- if no prefix return false; -- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later end local prefix_patterns_linked_t = { -- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen '^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):', -- wikilinked; project and language prefixes '^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):', -- wikilinked; language and project prefixes '^%[%[:([dsw]):', -- wikilinked; project prefix '^%[%[:(%l%l+):', -- wikilinked; language prefix } local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = { -- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen '^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):', -- project and language prefixes '^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):', -- language and project prefixes '^:([dsw]):', -- project prefix '^:(%l%l+):', -- language prefix } local cap1, cap2; for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern); if cap1 then break; -- found a match so stop looking end end if cap1 and cap2 then -- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed) if 1 == #cap1 then -- length == 1 then :project:language: if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return cap1, cap2; -- return interwiki project and interwiki language end else -- here when :language:project: if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return cap2, cap1; -- return interwiki project and interwiki language end end return nil; -- unknown interwiki language elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then -- both are nil? return nil; -- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail elseif 1 == #cap1 then -- here when one capture return cap1, nil; -- length is 1 so return project, nil language else -- here when one capture and its length it more than 1 if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return nil, cap1; -- return nil project, language end end end --[[--------------------------< L I S T _ P E O P L E >-------------------------- Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) names in the list will be linked when |<name>-link= has a value |<name>-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been rendered previously so should have been linked there when |<name>-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered ]] local function list_people (control, people, etal) local sep; local namesep; local format = control.format; local maximum = control.maximum; local name_list = {}; if 'vanc' == format then -- Vancouver-like name styling? sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc']; -- name-list separator between names is a comma namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc']; -- last/first separator is a space else sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl']; -- name-list separator between names is a semicolon namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name']; -- last/first separator is <comma><space> end if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end -- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names for i, person in ipairs (people) do if utilities.is_set (person.last) then local mask = person.mask; local one; local sep_one = sep; if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i > maximum then etal = true; break; end if mask then local n = tonumber (mask); -- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else if n then one = 0 ~= n and string.rep("&mdash;", n) or nil; -- make a string of (n > 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name person.link = nil; -- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil else one = mask; -- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator) sep_one = " "; -- modify name-list separator end else one = person.last; -- get surname local first = person.first -- get given name if utilities.is_set (first) then if ("vanc" == format) then -- if Vancouver format one = one:gsub ('%.', ''); -- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then -- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested first = reduce_to_initials (first, i); -- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials end end one = one .. namesep .. first; end end if utilities.is_set (person.link) then one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one); -- link author/editor end if one then -- if <one> has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement) local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true); -- get the interwiki prefixen if present if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then proj = nil; -- for stuff like :w:de:<article>, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat? end if proj then proj = ({['d'] = 'Wikidata', ['s'] = 'Wikisource', ['w'] = 'Wikipedia'})[proj]; -- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project if proj then one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj); -- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name tag = nil; -- unset; don't do both project and language end end if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then tag = nil; -- stuff like :en:<article> at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat? end if tag then local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag]; if lang then -- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang); -- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name end end table.insert (name_list, one); -- add it to the list of names table.insert (name_list, sep_one); -- add the proper name-list separator end end end local count = #name_list / 2; -- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2 if 0 < count then if 1 < count and not etal then if 'amp' == format then name_list[#name_list-2] = " & "; -- replace last separator with ampersand text elseif 'and' == format then if 2 == count then name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and; -- replace last separator with 'and' text else name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end; -- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text end end end name_list[#name_list] = nil; -- erase the last separator end local result = table.concat (name_list); -- construct list if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then -- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al']; -- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al. end return result, count; -- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only) end --[[--------------------< M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D >----------------------- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date. Otherwise returns an empty string. namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that order. year is Year or anchor_year. ]] local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year) local names={}; -- a table for the one to four names and year for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do -- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names names[i] = v.last if i == 4 then break end -- if four then done end table.insert (names, year); -- add the year at the end local id = table.concat(names); -- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id if utilities.is_set (id) then -- if concatenation is not an empty string return "CITEREF" .. id; -- add the CITEREF portion else return ''; -- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation end end --[[--------------------------< C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E >------------------------------ construct <cite> tag class attribute for this citation. <cite_class> – config.CitationClass from calling template <mode> – value from |mode= parameter ]] local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode) local class_t = {}; table.insert (class_t, 'citation'); -- required for blue highlight if 'citation' ~= cite_class then table.insert (class_t, cite_class); -- identify this template for user css table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1'); -- identify the citation style for user css or javascript else table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2'); -- identify the citation style for user css or javascript end for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do table.insert (class_t, prop_key); -- identify various properties for user css or javascript end return table.concat (class_t, ' '); -- make a big string and done end --[[---------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L >-------------------------- Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on the theme of et al. If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and the function returns the modified name and the flag. This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated |display-<names>=etal parameter ]] local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param) if utilities.is_set (name) then -- name can be nil in which case just return local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; -- get patterns from configuration for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- loop through all of the patterns if name:match (pattern) then -- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name name = name:gsub (pattern, ''); -- remove the offending text etal = true; -- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-<names>=etal) if not nocat then -- no categorization for |vauthors= utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param}); -- and set an error if not added end end end end return name, etal; end --[[---------------------< N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C >---------------------- Add maint cat when name parameter value does not contain letters. Does not catch mixed alphanumeric names so |last=A. Green (1922-1987) does not get caught in the current version of this test but |first=(1888) is caught. returns nothing ]] local function name_is_numeric (name, list_name) if utilities.is_set (name) then if mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then -- when name does not contain any letters utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]); -- add a maint cat for this template end end end --[[-----------------< N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S >------------------ Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names. Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any "unescaped" semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities. If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category. Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says that the generational suffix does not take a separator character). Titles, degrees, postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation. <name> – name parameter value <list_name> – AuthorList, EditorList, etc <limit> – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names returns nothing ]] local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit) local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps; limit = limit and limit or 1; if utilities.is_set (name) then _, commas = name:gsub (',', ''); -- count the number of commas _, semicolons = name:gsub (';', ''); -- count the number of semicolons -- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in -- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the -- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add -- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new -- entities _, nbsps = name:gsub ('&nbsp;',''); -- count nbsps -- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps -- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added, -- they also can be subtracted. if limit < commas or 0 < (semicolons - nbsps) then utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]); -- add a maint message end end end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ G E N E R I C >---------------------------------------------------------- Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as <item> in the function call. <item> can have on of two values: 'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc 'generic_titles' – for |title= There are two types of generic tests. The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the 'reject' test. For example, |author=[[John Smith (author)|Smith, John]] would be rejected by the 'author' reject test. But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening. Accept tests are always performed before reject tests. Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local']) that each can hold a test sequence table The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index [2], a boolean control value. The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true) or a pattern search (false). The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles. Returns true when a reject test finds the pattern or string false when an accept test finds the pattern or string nil else ]=] local function is_generic (item, value, wiki) local test_val; local str_lower = { -- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local']) ['en'] = string.lower, ['local'] = mw.ustring.lower, } local str_find = { -- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local']) ['en'] = string.find, ['local'] = mw.ustring.find, } local function test (val, test_t, wiki) -- local function to do the testing; <wiki> selects lower() and find() functions val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val; -- when <test_t[2]> set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]); -- return nil when not found or matched end local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'}; -- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'}; -- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do -- for each test type for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do -- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do if generic_value[wiki] then if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then -- go do the test return ('reject' == test_type); -- param value rejected, return true; false else end end end end end end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C >------------------------------------------------ calls is_generic() to determine if <name> is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; <name_alias> is the parameter name used in error messaging ]] local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias) if not added_generic_name_errs and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias); -- set an error message added_generic_name_errs = true; end end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ C H E C K S >-------------------------------------------------------- This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters. ]] local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias) local accept_name; if utilities.is_set (last) then last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <last> if not accept_name then -- <last> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup name_has_mult_names (last, list_name); -- check for multiple names in the parameter name_is_numeric (last, list_name); -- check for names that are composed of digits and punctuation name_is_generic (last, last_alias); -- check for names found in the generic names list end end if utilities.is_set (first) then first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <first> if not accept_name then -- <first> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0); -- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name name_is_numeric (first, list_name); -- check for names that are composed of digits and punctuation name_is_generic (first, first_alias); -- check for names found in the generic names list end local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first); if 0 ~= wl_type then first = D; utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias); end end return last, first; -- done end --[[----------------------< E X T R A C T _ N A M E S >------------------------- Gets name list from the input arguments Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done. This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=. When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3= are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=. When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.' is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people() to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration. This keeps 'et al.' out of the template's metadata. When this occurs, an error is emitted. ]] local function extract_names(args, list_name) local names = {}; -- table of names local last; -- individual name components local first; local link; local mask; local i = 1; -- loop counter/indexer local n = 1; -- output table indexer local count = 0; -- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors) local etal = false; -- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias; -- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging while true do last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); -- search through args for name components beginning at 1 first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); if last then -- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true); -- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked if nil == project and nil == language then -- when both are nil utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias); -- not known, emit an error message -- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last); -- remove wikilink markup; show display value only end end if link then -- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false); -- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error if nil == project and nil == language then -- when both are nil utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias); -- not known, emit an error message -- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? link = nil; -- unset so we don't link link_alias = nil; end end last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias); -- find and remove variations on et al. first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias); -- find and remove variations on et al. last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias); -- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks if first and not last then -- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first'; -- get first or given form of the alias utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', { first_alias, -- param name of alias missing its mate first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}), -- make param name appropriate to the alias form }); -- add this error message elseif not first and not last then -- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done? count = count + 1; -- number of times we haven't found last and first if 2 <= count then -- two missing names and we give up break; -- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which end else -- we have last with or without a first local result; link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias); -- check for improper wiki-markup if first then link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias); -- check for improper wiki-markup end names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false}; -- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only) n = n + 1; -- point to next location in the names table if 1 == count then -- if the previous name was missing utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower(), i - 1}); -- add this error message end count = 0; -- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names end i = i + 1; -- point to next args location end return names, etal; -- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ T A G _ G E T >------------------------------------------------------ attempt to decode |language=<lang_param> and return language name and matching tag; nil else. This function looks for: <lang_param> as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{} <lang_param> as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{} <lang_param> as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t <lang_param> as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t when those fail, presume that <lang_param> is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize. Strip all script, region, variant, whatever subtags from <lang_param> to leave just a two or three character language tag and look for the new <lang_param> in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{} on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil ]] local function name_tag_get (lang_param) local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param); -- use lowercase as an index into the various tables local name; local tag; name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc]; -- assume <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name if name then -- when <name>, <lang_param> is a tag for a remapped language name return name, lang_param_lc; -- so return <name> from remap and <lang_param_lc> end tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*'); -- still assuming that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag]; -- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only if name then -- when <name>, <tag> is a tag for a remapped language name return name, tag; -- so return <name> from remap and <tag> end if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then -- not a tag, assume <lang_param_lc> is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2]; -- for this <lang_param_lc>, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag end tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc]; -- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag if tag then return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag; -- <lang_param_lc> is a name so return the name from the table and <tag> end name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc]; -- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name if name then return name, lang_param_lc; -- <lang_param_lc> is a tag so return it and <name> end tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*'); -- is <lang_param_lc> an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? <tag> gets the language subtag; nil else if tag then name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag]; -- attempt to get a language name using the shortened <tag> if name then return name, tag; -- <lang_param_lc> is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return <name> and language subtag end end end --[[-------------------< L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R >------------------ Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code. If a code is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter. When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no). For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources. Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized. MediaWiki does not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is recognized but code 'ara' is not. This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with optional space characters. ]] local function language_parameter (lang) local tag; -- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags local lang_subtag; -- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags the MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag local name; -- the language name local language_list = {}; -- table of language names to be rendered local names_t = {}; -- table made from the value assigned to |language= local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (cfg.this_wiki_code, cfg.this_wiki_code); -- get this wiki's language name names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*'); -- names should be a comma separated list for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do -- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag name, tag = name_tag_get (lang); -- attempt to get name/tag pair for <lang>; <name> has proper capitalization; <tag> is lowercase if utilities.is_set (tag) then lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1'); -- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then -- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then -- and is a two-character tag utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, tag}, lang_subtag); -- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization else -- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag) utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag); -- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template? end elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then -- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag}); -- categorize it end else name = lang; -- return whatever <lang> has so that we show something utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang'); -- add maint category if not already added end table.insert (language_list, name); name = ''; -- so we can reuse it end name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list); if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then -- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English' return ''; -- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation) end return (" " .. wrap_msg ('language', name)); -- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)' --[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format ]] end --[[-----------------------< S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E >-------------------------- Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode. Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default. In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'. In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','. ]] local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode) if utilities.is_set(postscript) then -- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript -- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); end else postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode]; end return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S T Y L E >----------------------------- Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the #invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none. ]] local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class) local sep; if 'cs2' == mode then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); elseif 'cs1' == mode then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); elseif 'citation' == cite_class then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); else sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); end if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then -- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript -- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style if 'cs2' == mode or 'citation' == cite_class then utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); end postscript = ''; end return sep, postscript end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P D F >----------------------------------- Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links. returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false ]=] local function is_pdf (url) return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF&#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&#035'); end --[[--------------------------< S T Y L E _ F O R M A T >----------------------- Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc. Also emits an error message if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter. If the format parameter is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with the appropriate styling. ]] local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param) if utilities.is_set (format) then format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format); -- add leading space, parentheses, resize if not utilities.is_set (url) then utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param}); -- add an error message end elseif is_pdf (url) then -- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF'); -- set format to PDF else format = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end return format; end --[[---------------------< G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S >------------------ Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list. When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero, return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.'). When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true. This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.' In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag. inputs: max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal count: #a or #e list_name: 'authors' or 'editors' etal: author_etal or editor_etal This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but not when <max> comes from {{cs1 config}} global settings. When using global settings, <param> is set to the keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error. Error is suppressed because it is to be expected that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in {{cs1 config}}. ]] local function get_display_names (max, count, list_name, etal, param) if utilities.is_set (max) then if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", '') then -- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings max = count + 1; -- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al. etal = true; -- overrides value set by extract_names() elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then -- if is a string of numbers max = tonumber (max); -- make it a number if (max >= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then -- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max}); -- add error message max = nil; end else -- not a valid keyword or number utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max}); -- add error message max = nil; -- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set end end return max, etal; end --[[----------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K >--------------- Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content. check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value: good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px where x and X are letters and # is a digit bad pattern: '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG ]] local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name) if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do -- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns if val:match (pattern) then -- when a match, error so utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name); -- add error message return; -- and done end end end end --[[--------------------------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K >------------------------ Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator. For |volume=: 'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so are allowed. For |issue=: 'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the parameter content (all case insensitive). Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module. <val> is |volume= or |issue= parameter value <name> is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message <selector> is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue= sets error message on failure; returns nothing ]] local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector) if not utilities.is_set (val) then return; end local patterns = 'v' == selector and cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vpatterns or cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.ipatterns; local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue'; val = val:lower(); -- force parameter value to lower case for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns if val:match (pattern) then -- when a match, error so utilities.set_message (handler, name); -- add error message return; -- and done end end end --[=[-------------------------< G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E >---------------------------------------------- split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter. This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the rendered citation and in the metadata. Individual author names may be wikilinked |vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.)) ]=] local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table) local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, "%s*,%s*"); -- names are separated by commas local wl_type, label, link; -- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder local i = 1; while name_table[i] do if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then -- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses local name = name_table[i]; i = i + 1; -- bump indexer to next segment while name_table[i] do name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i]; -- concatenate with previous segments if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then -- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses break; -- and done reassembling so end i = i + 1; -- bump indexer end table.insert (output_table, name); -- and add corporate name to the output table table.insert (output_link_table, ''); -- no wikilink else wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]); -- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]] table.insert (output_table, label); -- add this name if 1 == wl_type then table.insert (output_link_table, label); -- simple wikilink [[D]] else table.insert (output_link_table, link); -- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string end end i = i + 1; end return output_table; end --[[--------------------------< P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S >-------------------------------- This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and |xxxxor-linkn= in args. It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does. Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests. Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th. This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials. ]] local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name) local names = {}; -- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn= local v_name_table = {}; local v_link_table = {}; -- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table local etal = false; -- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter local last, first, link, mask, suffix; local corporate = false; vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true); -- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period) v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table); -- names are separated by commas for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do first = ''; -- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor local accept_name; v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <v_name> if accept_name then last = v_name; corporate = true; -- flag used in list_people() elseif string.find(v_name, "%s") then if v_name:find('[;%.]') then -- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i); end local lastfirstTable = {} lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, "%s+") first = table.remove(lastfirstTable); -- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then -- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters suffix = first; -- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix first = table.remove(lastfirstTable); -- get what should be the initials from the table end last = table.concat(lastfirstTable, ' ') -- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix if not utilities.is_set (last) then first = ''; -- unset last = v_name; -- last empty because something wrong with first add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i); end if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i); -- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing end if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then -- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i); -- matches a space between two initials end else last = v_name; -- last name or single corporate name? Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this? end if utilities.is_set (first) then if not mw.ustring.match (first, "^%u?%u$") then -- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i); -- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials end is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i); -- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit if utilities.is_set (suffix) then first = first .. ' ' .. suffix; -- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials suffix = ''; -- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names end else if not corporate then is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i); end end link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i]; mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate}; -- add this assembled name to our names list end return names, etal; -- all done, return our list of names end --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E >------------------------ Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list. Only one of these appropriate three will be used. The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest; |editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn) When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list. There may be a better way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is. Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided. In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate. ]] local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name) local lastfirst = false; if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or -- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ... utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or -- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors= utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then lastfirst = true; end if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or -- these are the three error conditions (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or (true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then local err_name; if 'AuthorList' == list_name then -- figure out which name should be used in error message err_name = 'author'; else err_name = 'editor'; end utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', err_name .. '-name-list parameters'); -- add error message end if true == lastfirst then return 1 end; -- return a number indicating which author name source to use if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end; if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end; return 1; -- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E >------------------------------ This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.). When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val. If the parameter value is one of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value specified by ret_val. TODO: explain <invert> ]] local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert) if not utilities.is_set (value) then return ret_val; -- an empty parameter is ok end if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then -- normal; <value> is in <possible> table return cfg.keywords_xlate[value]; -- return translation of parameter keyword elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then -- invert; <value> is not in <possible> table return value; -- return <value> as it is else utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value}); -- not an allowed value so add error message return ret_val; end end --[[--------------------------< T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T >---------------------------------------- This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two closing square brackets (close of a wikilink). When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a single space character. ]] local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc) if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then -- if already properly terminated return name_list; -- just return the name list elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then -- if last name in list ends with sepc char return name_list .. " "; -- don't add another else return name_list .. sepc .. ' '; -- otherwise terminate the name list end end --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E >----------------------------------------- returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set. ]] local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower) if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then return ''; end -- same condition as in format_pages_sheets() local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin); local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$')); -- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits? local is_long_vol = volume and (4 < mw.ustring.len(volume)); -- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters? if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then -- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters? utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol'); -- yes, add properties cat end if is_journal then -- journal-style formatting local vol = ''; if utilities.is_set (volume) then if is_numeric_vol then -- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals? vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume}); -- render in bold face elseif is_long_vol then -- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters? vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}); -- not bold else -- four or fewer characters vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}); -- bold end end vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or '') vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or '') return vol; end if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); end if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then -- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then -- both volume and article number return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower); elseif utilities.is_set (article) then -- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower); end end -- all other types of citation if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower); elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower); else return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); end end --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S >----------------------------------------- adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings. The return order is: page, pages, sheet, sheets Singular has priority over plural when both are provided. ]] local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower) if 'map' == cite_class then -- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators if utilities.is_set (sheet) then if 'journal' == origin then return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), ''; else return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then if 'journal' == origin then return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower); else return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower); end end end local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin); if utilities.is_set (page) then if is_journal then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', ''; elseif not nopp then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', ''; else return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then if is_journal then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', ''; elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then -- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; elseif not nopp then return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; else return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; end end return '', '', '', ''; -- return empty strings end --[[--------------------------< I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T >---------------------------------------------- returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text for use in COinS. This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span. TODO: should it? TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline; TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned to a new name)? ]] local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at) local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L; -- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?) if utilities.is_set (page) then if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then pages = ''; -- unset the others at = ''; end extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig); -- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page); -- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in page'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page}); coins_pages = ws_label; end elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then if utilities.is_set (at) then at = ''; -- unset end extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig); -- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages); -- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in pages'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages}); coins_pages = ws_label; end elseif utilities.is_set (at) then ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at); -- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in at'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at}); coins_pages = ws_label; end end return page, pages, at, coins_pages; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L >------------------------------------ add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value ]] local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date) if utilities.is_set (archive) then if archive == url or archive == c_url then utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); -- add error message return '', ''; -- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url= end end return archive, date; end --[=[-------------------------< A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K >-------------------------------------------- Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the save snapshot URL or to calendar pages. When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...) archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL. That is something that Wikipedia should not allow unwitting readers to do. When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result. [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results. This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and |archive-date= and an error message when: |archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL |archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the correct place otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date= There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs: //web.archive.org/<timestamp>... -- the old form //web.archive.org/web/<timestamp>... -- the new form The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag. There are four identified flags ('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore) we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form. This function supports a preview mode. When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified archive URL: for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/) for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/) A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those urls that have them (archive.org and archive.today). The timestamp is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date= matches the timestamp in the archive url. ]=] local function archive_url_check (url, date) local err_msg = ''; -- start with the error message empty local path, timestamp, flag; -- portions of the archive.org URL timestamp = url:match ('//archive.today/(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d)/'); -- get timestamp from archive.today urls if timestamp then -- if this was an archive.today url ... return url, date, timestamp; -- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=, and done end -- here for archive.org urls if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then -- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL return url, date; -- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate end if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then -- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save; url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1); -- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb; else path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/'); -- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation if not path then -- malformed in some way; pattern did not match err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then -- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; if '*' ~= flag then local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d'); -- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY) if replacement then -- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year) replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len()); -- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1) -- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display end end elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then -- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path; elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then -- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element) err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then -- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element) err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; else return url, date, timestamp; -- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= end end -- if here, something not right so utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg}); -- add error message and if is_preview_mode then return url, date, timestamp; -- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= else return '', ''; -- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate end end --[[--------------------------< P L A C E _ C H E C K >-------------------------------------------------------- check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits. This function added because many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that) returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits ]] local function place_check (param_val) if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then -- parameter empty or omitted return param_val; -- return that empty state end if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then -- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value utilities.set_message ('maint_location'); -- yep, add maint cat end return param_val; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y >---------------------------------------------- compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else ]] local function is_archived_copy (title) title = mw.ustring.lower(title); -- switch title to lower case if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then -- if title is 'Archived copy' return true; elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then -- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script return true; end end end --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N 0 >------------------------------------------------------------ This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting. ]] local function citation0( config, args ) --[[ Load Input Parameters The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable. ]] local A = argument_wrapper ( args ); local i -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments. Different citation templates -- define different field names for the same underlying things. local author_etal; local a = {}; -- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors= local Authors; local NameListStyle; if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then -- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], ''); -- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax else NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], ''); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then -- when template has |name-list-style=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end local Collaboration = A['Collaboration']; do -- to limit scope of selected local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList'); if 1 == selected then a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList'); -- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= elseif 2 == selected then NameListStyle = 'vanc'; -- override whatever |name-list-style= might be a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList'); -- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= elseif 3 == selected then Authors = A['Authors']; -- use content of |authors= if 'authors' == A:ORIGIN('Authors') then -- but add a maint cat if the parameter is |authors= utilities.set_message ('maint_authors'); -- because use of this parameter is discouraged; what to do about the aliases is a TODO: end end if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then author_etal = true; -- so that |display-authors=etal not required end end local editor_etal; local e = {}; -- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors= do -- to limit scope of selected local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList'); -- support for |editors= withdrawn if 1 == selected then e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList'); -- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= elseif 2 == selected then NameListStyle = 'vanc'; -- override whatever |name-list-style= might be e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList'); -- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= end end local Chapter = A['Chapter']; -- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= aliases local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter'); local Contribution; -- because contribution is required for contributor(s) if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then Contribution = Chapter; -- get the name of the contribution end local c = {}; -- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then -- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList'); -- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= if 0 < #c then if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then -- |contributor= requires |contribution= utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution'); -- add missing contribution error message c = {}; -- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later end if 0 == #a then -- |contributor= requires |author= utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author'); -- add missing author error message c = {}; -- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later end end else -- if not a book cite if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then -- are there contributor name list parameters? utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored'); -- add contributor ignored error message end Contribution = nil; -- unset end local Title = A['Title']; local TitleLink = A['TitleLink']; local auto_select = ''; -- default is auto local accept_link; TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true); -- test for accept-this-as-written markup if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords auto_select = TitleLink; -- remember selection for later TitleLink = ''; -- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty end TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title'); -- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set local Section = ''; -- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then Section = A['Chapter']; -- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}} Chapter = ''; -- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present end local Periodical = A['Periodical']; local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical'); local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical']; local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical'); local TransPeriodical = A['TransPeriodical']; local TransPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical'); if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then local param; if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters Periodical = nil; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = Periodical_origin -- get parameter name for error messaging elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then TransPeriodical = nil; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = TransPeriodical_origin; -- get parameter name for error messaging elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then ScriptPeriodical = nil; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = ScriptPeriodical_origin; -- get parameter name for error messaging end if utilities.is_set (param) then -- if we found one utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param}); -- emit an error message end end if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then local i; Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical); -- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated if i then -- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin}); end end if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for {{cite mailing list}} if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then -- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')}); end Periodical = A ['MailingList']; -- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}} Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList'); end -- web and news not tested for now because of -- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_"Cite_Web"_errors? if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then -- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter -- local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'}; -- for error message local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'}; -- for error message if p[config.CitationClass] then utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]}); end end local Volume; -- local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical'); if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then -- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used Volume = A['Volume']; -- but does for all other 'periodicals' end elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then -- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website= Volume = A['Volume']; -- but does for all other 'periodicals' end else Volume = A['Volume']; -- and does for non-'periodical' cites end elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then -- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings Volume = A['Volume']; end extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v'); local Issue; if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then -- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']); end elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then -- conference & map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']); end end local ArticleNumber; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber']; end extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i'); local Page; local Pages; local At; local QuotePage; local QuotePages; if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then -- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message? Page = A['Page']; Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']); At = A['At']; QuotePage = A['QuotePage']; QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']); end local Edition = A['Edition']; local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace')); local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place')); local PublisherName = A['PublisherName']; local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName'); if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then local i = 0; PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName); -- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized if i and (0 < i) then -- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin}); end end if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'}); end local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup']; -- TODO: strip apostrophe markup? local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup'); if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then -- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin}); end PublisherName = nil; -- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS end local URL = A['URL']; -- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL? local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then UrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url'); end local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL']; local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then ChapterUrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')}); end local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then MapUrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'}); end local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); -- also used for COinS and for language local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil); -- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then -- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then -- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids? no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_tracking_cats end for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do -- cycle through page name patterns if this_page.text:match (v) then -- test page name against each pattern no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_tracking_cats break; -- bail out if one is found end end end -- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it) utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters'); -- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category local coins_pages; Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At); local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil); if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then -- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test'); -- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; -- unset; don't need both if they are the same end elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then -- when only |place= (|location=) is set ... PublicationPlace = Place; -- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place end if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end -- don't need both if they are the same local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL'); -- get name of parameter that holds URL local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter']; local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter'); local Format = A['Format']; local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat']; local TransChapter = A['TransChapter']; local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter'); local TransTitle = A['TransTitle']; local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle']; --[[ Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia: When the citation has these parameters: |encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering |encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering |trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped |url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified ]] local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia']; -- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then -- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}} if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')}); Encyclopedia = nil; -- unset because not supported by this template end end if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then -- when both parameters set emit an error message; {{citation}} only; Periodical not allowed in {{cite encyclopedia}} utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin}); end if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then Periodical = Encyclopedia; -- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering; {{citation}} could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia'); if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then Chapter = Title; -- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle') TransChapter = TransTitle; ChapterURL = URL; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter); end Title = Periodical; ChapterFormat = Format; Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset TransTitle = ''; URL = ''; Format = ''; TitleLink = ''; ScriptTitle = ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then -- |title= not set Title = Periodical; -- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset end end end -- special case for cite techreport. local ID = A['ID']; if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then -- special case for cite techreport if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then -- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue' if not utilities.is_set (ID) then -- can we use ID for the "number"? ID = A['Number']; -- yes, use it else -- ID has a value so emit error message utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')}); end end end -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data. local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink']; -- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode local Conference = A['Conference']; local BookTitle = A['BookTitle']; local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle'); if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then Chapter = Title; Chapter_origin = 'title'; -- ChapterLink = TitleLink; -- |chapter-link= is deprecated ChapterURL = URL; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; URL_origin = ''; ChapterFormat = Format; TransChapter = TransTitle; TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin; Title = BookTitle; Format = ''; -- TitleLink = ''; TransTitle = ''; URL = ''; end elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then Conference = ''; -- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string end -- CS1/2 mode local Mode; if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then -- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |mode= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid Mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], ''); -- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax else Mode = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode'), cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], ''); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (A['Mode']) then -- when template has |mode=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end -- separator character and postscript local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass); -- controls capitalization of certain static text local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' ); -- cite map oddities local Cartography = ""; local Scale = ""; local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or ''; local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or ''; if config.CitationClass == "map" then if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then --TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)}); -- add error message end Chapter = A['Map']; Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map'); ChapterURL = A['MapURL']; ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL'); TransChapter = A['TransMap']; ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap'] ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap') ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess; ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat']; Cartography = A['Cartography']; if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase); end Scale = A['Scale']; if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale; end end -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data. local Series = A['Series']; if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink']; SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series'); -- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set local Network = A['Network']; local Station = A['Station']; local s, n = {}, {}; -- do common parameters first if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' '); if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}} local Season = A['Season']; local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber']; if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then -- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')}); -- add error message SeriesNumber = ''; -- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno= end -- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end Issue = ''; -- unset because this is not a unique parameter Chapter = Title; -- promote title parameters to chapter ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle'); ChapterLink = TitleLink; -- alias |episode-link= TransChapter = TransTitle; ChapterURL = URL; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; ChapterFormat = Format; Title = Series; -- promote series to title TitleLink = SeriesLink; Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' '); -- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- link but not URL Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter); elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- if both are set, URL links episode; Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series); end URL = ''; -- unset TransTitle = ''; ScriptTitle = ''; Format = ''; else -- now oddities that are cite serial Issue = ''; -- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial Chapter = A['Episode']; -- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday? if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series); end Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series); -- series is italicized end end -- end of {{cite episode}} stuff -- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values local TitleType = A['TitleType']; local Degree = A['Degree']; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType); if utilities.is_set (Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then -- special case for cite thesis TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower(); end end if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then -- if type parameter is specified TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType); -- display it in parentheses -- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem end -- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set. local Date = A['Date']; local Date_origin; -- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate']; local Year = A['Year']; if not utilities.is_set (Date) then Date = Year; -- promote Year to Date Year = nil; -- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then -- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set Date = PublicationDate; -- promote PublicationDate to Date PublicationDate = ''; -- unset, no longer needed Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate'); -- save the name of the promoted parameter else Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year'); -- save the name of the promoted parameter end else Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date'); -- not a promotion; name required for error messaging end if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end -- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation --[[ Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where we get the date used in the metadata. Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation ]] local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], ''); if not utilities.is_set (DF) then DF = cfg.global_df; -- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template end local ArchiveURL; local ArchiveDate; local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat']; local archive_url_timestamp; -- timestamp from wayback machine url ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate']) ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url'); ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate); -- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL local AccessDate = A['AccessDate']; -- local LayDate = A['LayDate']; local COinS_date = {}; -- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken']; local Embargo = A['Embargo']; local anchor_year; -- used in the CITEREF identifier do -- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch local error_message = ''; -- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it local date_parameters_list = { ['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')}, ['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')}, ['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin}, ['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, ['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, -- ['lay-date'] = {val = LayDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('LayDate')}, ['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')}, ['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')}, }; local error_list = {}; anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list); -- start temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty categorization if COinS_date.inter_cal_cat then utilities.add_prop_cat ('jul-greg-uncertainty'); end -- end temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty categorization if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then -- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list); end if 0 == #error_list then -- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty local modified = false; -- flag if utilities.is_set (DF) then -- if we need to reformat dates modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF); -- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate end if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then -- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate modified = true; utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format'); -- hyphens were converted so add maint category end -- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated'); -- add maint cat modified = true; end if modified then -- if the date_parameters_list values were modified AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val; -- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val; Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val; DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val; -- LayDate = date_parameters_list['lay-date'].val; PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val; end if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then validation.archive_date_check (ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp); -- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate end else utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)}); -- add this error message end end -- end of do if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or -- {{cite book}}, {{cite encyclopedia}}; TODO: {{cite conference}} and others? ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or -- {{citation}} as an encylopedia citation ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then -- {{citation}} as a book citation if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d')); -- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number if date and (1850 <= date) then -- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher'); -- add maint cat end else -- PublisherName has a value if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then -- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations) PublisherName = ''; -- unset end end end end local ID_list = {}; -- sequence table of rendered identifiers local ID_list_coins = {}; -- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key local Class = A['Class']; -- arxiv class identifier local ID_support = { {A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')}, {DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, {Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, } ID_list, ID_list_coins = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'], Embargo = Embargo, Class = Class}, ID_support); -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data. if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or -- can't use ID_list_coins k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then -- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing'); -- add error message end Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass]; end -- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for "no title" instead if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then -- if auto-linking not disabled if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then -- manual selection URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select]; -- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1]; -- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then -- auto-select PMC URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc']; -- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1]; -- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then -- auto-select DOI URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi']; URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1]; end end if utilities.is_set (URL) then -- set when using an identifier-created URL if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then -- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url'); -- add an error message AccessDate = ''; -- unset end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then -- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); -- add an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- unset end end end -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use. We can use that fact. -- Test if citation has no title if not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then -- has special case for cite episode utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'}); end if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and ('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then -- special case for journal cites Title = ''; -- set title to empty string utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled'); -- add maint cat end -- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for automated parsing of citation information. -- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that -- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title -- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article. So, we remap local coins_chapter = Chapter; -- default assuming that remapping not required local coins_title = Title; -- et tu if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- if all are used then coins_chapter = Title; -- remap coins_title = Periodical; end end local coins_author = a; -- default for coins rft.au if 0 < #c then -- but if contributor list coins_author = c; -- use that instead end -- this is the function call to COinS() local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({ ['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical), -- no markup in the metadata ['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia, -- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS ['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter), -- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup ['Degree'] = Degree; -- cite thesis only ['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle), -- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup ['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace, ['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate, -- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid; ['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn, ['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter, ['Chron'] = COinS_date.rftchron, ['Series'] = Series, ['Volume'] = Volume, ['Issue'] = Issue, ['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber, ['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)), -- pages stripped of external links ['Edition'] = Edition, ['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup, -- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName ['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2), ['Authors'] = coins_author, ['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins, ['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText, }, config.CitationClass); -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data. if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed Periodical = ''; -- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal end -- special case for cite newsgroup. Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil )); end local Editors; local EditorCount; -- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list local Contributors; -- assembled contributors name list local contributor_etal; local Translators; -- assembled translators name list local translator_etal; local t = {}; -- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList'); -- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= local Interviewers; local interviewers_list = {}; interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList'); -- process preferred interviewers parameters local interviewer_etal; -- Now perform various field substitutions. -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the -- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil. do local last_first_list; local control = { format = NameListStyle, -- empty string, '&', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc' maximum = nil, -- as if display-authors or display-editors not set mode = Mode }; do -- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'] then -- global setting from {{cs1 config}} overrides local setting control.maximum , editor_etal = get_display_names (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], #e, 'editors', editor_etal, 'cs1 config'); else control.maximum , editor_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayEditors'], #e, 'editors', editor_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors')); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'] and utilities.is_set (A['DisplayEditors']) then -- when template has |display-editors=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal); if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 < #e) then -- only one editor displayed but includes etal then EditorCount = 2; -- spoof to display (eds.) annotation end end do -- now do interviewers if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'] then -- global setting from {{cs1 config}} overrides local setting control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], #interviewers_list, 'interviewers', interviewer_etal, 'cs1 config'); else control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayInterviewers'], #interviewers_list, 'interviewers', interviewer_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers')); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'] and utilities.is_set (A['DisplayInterviewers']) then -- when template has |display-interviewers=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal); end do -- now do translators if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'] then -- global setting from {{cs1 config}} overrides local setting control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], #t, 'translators', translator_etal, 'cs1 config'); else control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayTranslators'], #t, 'translators', translator_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators')); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'] and utilities.is_set (A['DisplayTranslators']) then -- when template has |display-translators=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal); end do -- now do contributors if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'] then -- global setting from {{cs1 config}} overrides local setting control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], #c, 'contributors', contributor_etal, 'cs1 config'); else control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayContributors'], #c, 'contributors', contributor_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors')); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'] and utilities.is_set (A['DisplayContributors']) then -- when template has |display-contributors=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal); end do -- now do authors if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'] then -- global setting from {{cs1 config}} overrides local setting control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], #a, 'authors', author_etal, 'cs1 config'); else control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayAuthors'], #a, 'authors', author_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors')); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'] and utilities.is_set (A['DisplayAuthors']) then -- when template has |display-authors=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal); if utilities.is_set (Authors) then Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors'); -- find and remove variations on et al. if author_etal then Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al']; -- add et al. to authors parameter end else Authors = last_first_list; -- either an author name list or an empty string end end -- end of do if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then Authors = Authors .. ' (' .. Collaboration .. ')'; -- add collaboration after et al. end end local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat']; local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL']; ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url'); Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url'); -- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url'); end if not utilities.is_set (URL) then if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"web", "podcast", "mailinglist"}) or -- |url= required for cite web, cite podcast, and cite mailinglist ('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then -- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website= utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url'); end -- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=? if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set; utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url'); AccessDate = ''; end end local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], ''); local OriginalURL local OriginalURL_origin local OriginalFormat local OriginalAccess; UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower(); -- used later when assembling archived text if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it OriginalURL = ChapterURL; -- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin; -- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat; -- and original |chapter-format= if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then ChapterURL = ArchiveURL -- swap-in the archive's URL ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') -- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or ''; -- swap in archive's format ChapterUrlAccess = nil; -- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs end elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then OriginalURL = URL; -- save copy of original source URL OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin; -- name of URL parameter for error messages OriginalFormat = Format; -- and original |format= OriginalAccess = UrlAccess; if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then -- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it URL = ArchiveURL -- swap-in the archive's URL URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') -- name of archive URL parameter for error messages Format = ArchiveFormat or ''; -- swap in archive's format UrlAccess = nil; -- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs end end elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then -- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status'); -- add maint cat end if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or -- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then local chap_param; if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then -- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter') elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter') elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL') elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin; else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat') end if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then -- if we found one utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param}); -- add error message Chapter = ''; -- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation TransChapter = ''; ChapterURL = ''; ScriptChapter = ''; ChapterFormat = ''; end else -- otherwise, format chapter / article title local no_quotes = false; -- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 < #c then -- if this is a contribution with contributor(s) if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then -- and a generic contribution title no_quotes = true; -- then render it unquoted end end Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, Chapter_origin, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess); -- Contribution is also in Chapter if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ; if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType; -- map annotation here; not after title end Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' '; elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then -- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ... Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' '; -- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it end end -- Format main title local plain_title = false; local accept_title; Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <Title> if accept_title and ('' == Title) then -- only support forced empty for now "(())" Title = cfg.messages['notitle']; -- replace by predefined "No title" message -- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...); -- issue proper error message instead of muting ScriptTitle = ''; -- just mute for now TransTitle = ''; -- just mute for now plain_title = true; -- suppress text decoration for descriptive title utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled'); -- add maint cat end if not accept_title then -- <Title> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then -- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title= Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1'); -- limit the number of dots to three elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and -- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ... not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then -- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.) Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', ''); -- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy'); -- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title end if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title'); -- set an error message end end if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or ('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then -- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title); Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then -- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above) Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); -- for cite report, use this form for trans-title else Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title); Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle); end if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then if utilities.is_set (Title) then TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle; else utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'}); end end if utilities.is_set (Title) then -- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs? if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url'); -- set an error message because we can't have both TitleLink = ''; -- unset end if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format; URL = ''; -- unset these because no longer needed Format = ""; elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then local ws_url; ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink); -- ignore ws_label return; not used here if ws_url then Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link'); -- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title}); Title = Title .. TransTitle; else Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle; end else local ws_url, ws_label, L; -- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink) ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'"]*(.-)[\'"]*$', '%1')); -- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label); -- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title'); -- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title}); Title = Title .. TransTitle; else Title = Title .. TransTitle; end end else Title = TransTitle; end if utilities.is_set (Place) then Place = " " .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. " "; end local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL if utilities.is_set (Conference) then if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); end Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat; elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then Conference = sepc .. " " .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); end local Position = ''; if not utilities.is_set (Position) then local Minutes = A['Minutes']; local Time = A['Time']; if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then if utilities.is_set (Time) then --TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')}); end Position = " " .. Minutes .. " " .. cfg.messages['minutes']; else if utilities.is_set (Time) then local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption'] if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event']; if sepc ~= '.' then TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower(); end end Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time; end end else Position = " " .. Position; At = ''; end Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase); At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or ""; Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or ""; if config.CitationClass == 'map' then local Sections = A['Sections']; -- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier local Inset = A['Inset']; if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase); end if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase); elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase); end At = At .. Inset .. Section; end local Others = A['Others']; if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then -- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor= if config.CitationClass == "AV-media-notes" or config.CitationClass == "audio-visual" then -- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm') else utilities.set_message ('maint_others'); end end Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or ""; if utilities.is_set (Translators) then Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); end if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); end local TitleNote = A['TitleNote']; TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or ""; if utilities.is_set (Edition) then if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn. utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition'); -- add error message end Edition = " " .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition); else Edition = ''; end Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or ""; -- not the same as SeriesNum local Agency = A['Agency']; Agency = utilities.is_set (Agency) and wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency}) or ""; Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase); if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved'] AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate); -- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format if (sepc ~= ".") then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end -- if mode is cs2, lower case AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate); -- add retrieved text AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate}); -- allow editors to hide accessdates end if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. " " .. ID; end local Docket = A['Docket']; if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then ID = sepc .. " Docket " .. Docket .. ID; end if "report" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then -- for cite report when |docket= is set ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket; -- overwrite ID even if |id= is set end if utilities.is_set (URL) then URL = " " .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess ); end local Quote = A['Quote']; local TransQuote = A['TransQuote']; local ScriptQuote = A['ScriptQuote']; if utilities.is_set (Quote) or utilities.is_set (TransQuote) or utilities.is_set (ScriptQuote) then if utilities.is_set (Quote) then if Quote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then -- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks Quote = Quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off end end Quote = kern_quotes (Quote); -- kern if needed Quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', Quote ); -- wrap in <q>...</q> tags if utilities.is_set (ScriptQuote) then Quote = script_concatenate (Quote, ScriptQuote, 'script-quote'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped end if utilities.is_set (TransQuote) then if TransQuote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and TransQuote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks TransQuote = TransQuote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off end Quote = Quote .. " " .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransQuote ); end if utilities.is_set (QuotePage) or utilities.is_set (QuotePages) then -- add page prefix local quote_prefix = ''; if utilities.is_set (QuotePage) then extra_text_in_page_check (QuotePage, 'quote-page'); -- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. if not NoPP then quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePage}), '', '', ''; else quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, QuotePage}), '', '', ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (QuotePages) then extra_text_in_page_check (QuotePages, 'quote-pages'); -- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. if tonumber(QuotePages) ~= nil and not NoPP then -- if only digits, assume single page quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', ''; elseif not NoPP then quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', ''; else quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', ''; end end Quote = quote_prefix .. ": " .. Quote; else Quote = sepc .. " " .. Quote; end PostScript = ""; -- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set end -- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by -- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't -- a displayed postscript. -- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable? -- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern? if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) > 1 then utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript') end local Archived; if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then -- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date'); -- emit an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- empty string for concatenation ArchiveDate = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end else if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then -- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url'); -- emit an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- empty string for concatenation ArchiveDate = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then local arch_text; -- if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then -- utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date'); -- ArchiveDate = ''; -- empty string for concatenation -- end if "live" == UrlStatus then arch_text = cfg.messages['archived']; if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'], {external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } ); else Archived = ''; end if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); Archived = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then -- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown' if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-unfit']; if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. arch_text .. ArchiveDate; -- format already styled if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown'); -- and add a category if not already added else utilities.set_message ('maint_unfit'); -- and add a category if not already added end else -- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead' arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead']; if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then Archived = sepc .. " " .. utilities.substitute ( arch_text, { external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } ); -- format already styled else Archived = ''; -- unset for concatenation end end else -- OriginalUrl not set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); Archived = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then Archived = ArchiveFormat; -- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message else Archived = ''; end -- local Lay = ''; -- local LaySource = A['LaySource']; -- local LayURL = A['LayURL']; -- local LayFormat = A['LayFormat']; -- LayFormat = style_format (LayFormat, LayURL, 'lay-format', 'lay-url'); -- if utilities.is_set (LayURL) then -- if utilities.is_set (LayDate) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" end -- if utilities.is_set (LaySource) then -- LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. utilities.safe_for_italics (LaySource) .. "''"; -- else -- LaySource = ""; -- end -- if sepc == '.' then -- Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'], A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate -- else -- Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower(), A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate -- end -- elseif utilities.is_set (LayFormat) then -- Test if |lay-format= is given without giving a |lay-url= -- Lay = sepc .. LayFormat; -- if set and LayURL not set, then LayFormat has error message -- end local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL'] local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat']; TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl'); local Transcript = A['Transcript']; local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); end Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat; elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); end local Publisher; if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate); end if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; end elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = PublicationDate; end -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last. if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then Periodical = sepc .. " " .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); else Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); end end local Language = A['Language']; if utilities.is_set (Language) then Language = language_parameter (Language); -- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc. else Language=''; -- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string; --[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType ]] end --[[ Handle the oddity that is cite speech. This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided). ]] if "speech" == config.CitationClass then -- cite speech only TitleNote = TitleType; -- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event= TitleType = ''; -- and unset if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter if utilities.is_set (Conference) then -- and if |event= is set Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " "; -- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering end end end -- Piece all bits together at last. Here, all should be non-nil. -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over. local tcommon; local tcommon2; -- used for book cite when |contributor= is set if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"journal", "citation"}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then if not (utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors)) then Others = Others:gsub ('^' .. sepc .. ' ', ''); -- when no authors and no editors, strip leading sepc and space end if utilities.is_set (Others) then Others = safe_join ({Others, sepc .. " "}, sepc) end -- add terminal punctuation & space; check for dup sepc; TODO why do we need to do this here? tcommon = safe_join( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume}, sepc ); elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- special cases for book cites if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then -- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc. tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote}, sepc ); -- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2 tcommon2 = safe_join( {Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); else tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); end elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then -- special cases for cite map if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then -- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter tcommon = safe_join( {Title, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc ); elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- map in a periodical tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc ); else -- a sheet or stand-alone map tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc ); end elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for cite episode tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc ); else -- all other CS1 templates tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); end if #ID_list > 0 then ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. " ", table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc ); else ID_list = ID; end local Via = A['Via']; Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and wrap_msg ('via', Via) or ''; local idcommon; if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for cite AV media & cite episode position transcript -- idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Lay, Quote }, sepc ); idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); else -- idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Lay, Quote }, sepc ); idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); end local text; local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At; local OrigDate = A['OrigDate']; OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or ''; if utilities.is_set (Date) then if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then -- date follows authors or editors when authors not set Date = " (" .. Date .. ")" .. OrigDate .. sepc .. " "; -- in parentheses else -- neither of authors and editors set if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then -- if the last character of tcommon is sepc Date = " " .. Date .. OrigDate; -- Date does not begin with sepc else Date = sepc .. " " .. Date .. OrigDate; -- Date begins with sepc end end end if utilities.is_set (Authors) then if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then -- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc); -- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if utilities.is_set (Editors) then local in_text = ''; local post_text = ''; if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' '; if (sepc ~= '.') then in_text = in_text:lower(); -- lowercase for cs2 end end if EditorCount <= 1 then post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')'; -- be consistent with no-author, no-date case else post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')'; end Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then -- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc. local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' '; if (sepc ~= '.') then by_text = by_text:lower() end -- lowercase for cs2 Authors = by_text .. Authors; -- author follows title so tweak it here if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then -- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then -- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); else text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); end elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then if utilities.is_set (Date) then if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor']; else Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors']; end else if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " else Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " end end text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); else if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"journal", "citation"}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); else text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); end end if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); -- Deals with italics, spaces, etc. text = text:sub(1, -sepc:len() - 1); end text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc ); -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <cite> element local options_t = {}; options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode); local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true); -- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then local namelist_t = {}; -- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2); -- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation if #c > 0 then -- if there is a contributor list namelist_t = c; -- select it elseif #a > 0 then -- or an author list namelist_t = a; elseif #e > 0 then -- or an editor list namelist_t = e; end local citeref_id; if #namelist_t > 0 then -- if there are names in namelist_t citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year); -- go make the CITEREF anchor if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then -- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default'); end else citeref_id = ''; -- unset end options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id; end if string.len (text:gsub('%b<>', '')) <= 2 then -- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; z.error_cats_t = {}; -- blank the categories list z.error_msgs_t = {}; -- blank the error messages list OCinSoutput = nil; -- blank the metadata string text = ''; -- blank the the citation utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation'); -- set empty citation message and category end local render_t = {}; -- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then -- here we wrap the rendered citation in <cite ...>...</cite> tags table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id), mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text})); -- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist else table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text})); -- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty end if OCinSoutput then -- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput)); -- format and append metadata to the citation end local template_name = ('citation' == config.CitationClass) and 'citation' or 'cite ' .. (cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass] or config.CitationClass); local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]'; local msg_prefix = '<code class="cs1-code">{{' .. template_link .. '}}</code>: '; if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, template_link)); table.insert (render_t, ' '); -- insert a space between citation and its error messages table.sort (z.error_msgs_t); -- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping <span> and <code> tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error local hidden = true; -- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do -- spin through the list of error messages if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then -- look for the visible error class name hidden = false; -- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix break; -- and done because no need to look further end end z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]}); -- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; ')); -- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering end if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, template_link)); table.sort (z.maint_cats_t); -- sort the maintenance messages list local maint_msgs_t = {}; -- here we collect all of the maint messages if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then -- if no error messages table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix); -- insert message prefix in maint message livery end for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do -- append maintenance categories table.insert (maint_msgs_t, -- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'}) ); end table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' '))); -- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save end if not no_tracking_cats then for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do -- append error categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v)); end for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do -- append maintenance categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v)); end for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do -- append properties categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v)); end end return table.concat (render_t); -- make a big string and done end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E >-------------------------------------------------------------- Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists. Parameters in the whitelist can have three values: true - active, supported parameters false - deprecated, supported parameters nil - unsupported parameters ]] local function validate (name, cite_class, empty) local name = tostring (name); local enum_name; -- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#' local state; local function state_test (state, name) -- local function to do testing of state values if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter if false == state then if empty then return nil; end -- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns deprecated_parameter (name); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported return true; end if 'tracked' == state then local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', ''); -- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name); -- add a properties category; <base_name> modifies <key> return true; end return nil; end if name:find ('#') then -- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted return nil; end -- replace wnumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits) enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#'); -- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=) enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1'); -- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity if 'document' == cite_class then -- special case for {{cite document}} state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end return false; end if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name]; -- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end return false; -- not supported because not found or name is set to nil end -- end limited parameter-set templates if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then -- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name]; -- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end end -- if here, fall into general validation state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end return false; -- not supported because not found or name is set to nil end --[=[-------------------------< I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------- check <value> for inter-language interwiki-link markup. <prefix> must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code. when these values have the form (without leading colon): [[<prefix>:link|label]] return label as plain-text [[<prefix>:link]] return <prefix>:link as plain-text return value as is else ]=] local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value) local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):'); -- get an interwiki prefix if one exists local _; if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then -- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter); -- emit an error message _, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value); -- extract label portion from wikilink end return value; end --[[--------------------------< M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------ Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters. If found, then the string is possibly a parameter that is missing its pipe. There are two tests made: {{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}} -- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name {{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}} -- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki) cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc. To prevent false positives XML/HTML tags are removed before the search. If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category. ]] local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value) local capture; value = value:gsub ('%b<>', ''); -- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc. capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*='); -- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes if capture and validate (capture) then -- if the capture is a valid parameter name utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter); end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T >-------------------------------------- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked ]] local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value) if 'number' == type (param) then return; end param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize if cfg.punct_skip[param] then return; -- parameter name found in the skip table so done end if value:match ('[,;:]$') then utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct'); -- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat end if value:match ('^=') then -- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ... utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct'); -- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L >------------------------------------------ look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked ]] local function has_extraneous_url (url_param_t) local url_error_t = {}; check_for_url (url_param_t, url_error_t); -- extraneous url check if 0 ~= #url_error_t then -- non-zero when there are errors table.sort (url_error_t); utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)}); -- add this error message end end --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N >-------------------------------------------------------------- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text. ]] local function citation(frame) Frame = frame; -- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode local config = {}; -- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}} for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do -- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame config[k] = v; -- args[k] = v; -- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep? end -- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here) local sandbox = ((config.SandboxPath and '' ~= config.SandboxPath) and config.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox'; -- sandbox path from {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|citation|SandboxPath=/...}} is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true); -- is this invoke the sandbox module? sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or ''; -- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else local pframe = frame:getParent() local styles; cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' .. sandbox); -- load sandbox versions of support modules when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live modules else whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' .. sandbox); utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities' .. sandbox); validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation' .. sandbox); identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers' .. sandbox); metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS' .. sandbox); styles = 'Module:Citation/CS1' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css'; utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg); -- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module z = utilities.z; -- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}')); local args = {}; -- table where we store all of the template's arguments local suggestions = {}; -- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them local error_text; -- used as a flag local capture; -- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns local empty_unknowns = {}; -- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do -- get parameters from the parent (template) frame v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'); -- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string if v ~= '' then if ('string' == type (k)) then k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- for enumerated parameters, translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 end if not validate( k, config.CitationClass ) then if type (k) ~= 'string' then -- exclude empty numbered parameters if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v}); end elseif validate (k:lower(), config.CitationClass) then error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}); -- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter else if nil == suggestions.suggestions then -- if this table is nil then we need to load it suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' .. sandbox); --load sandbox version of suggestion module when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live module else end for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do -- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter capture = k:match (pattern); -- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match if capture then -- if the pattern matches param = utilities.substitute (param, capture); -- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator) if validate (param, config.CitationClass) then -- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists) error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param}); -- set the suggestion error message else error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k}); -- suggested param not supported by this template v = ''; -- unset end end end if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then -- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion? if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config.CitationClass) then utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]}); else utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k}); v = ''; -- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists) end end end end args[k] = v; -- save this parameter and its value elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then -- for empty parameters if not validate (k, config.CitationClass, true) then -- is this empty parameter a valid parameter k = ('' == k) and '(empty string)' or k; -- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k)); -- format for error message and add to the list end -- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}} TODO: keep? -- elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then -- when args[k] has a value from {{#invoke}} frame (we don't normally do that) -- args[k] = v; -- overwrite args[k] with empty string from pframe.args[k] (template frame); v is empty string here end -- not sure about the postscript bit; that gets handled in parameter validation; historical artifact? end if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then -- create empty unknown error message utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', { 1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's', utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns) }); end local url_param_t = {}; for k, v in pairs( args ) do if 'string' == type (k) then -- don't evaluate positional parameters has_invisible_chars (k, v); -- look for invisible characters end has_extraneous_punc (k, v); -- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values missing_pipe_check (k, v); -- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe? args[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v); -- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label if 'string' == type (k) and not cfg.url_skip[k] then -- when parameter k is not positional and not in url skip table url_param_t[k] = v; -- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check end end has_extraneous_url (url_param_t); -- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong return table.concat ({ frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src=styles}), citation0( config, args) }); end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return {citation = citation}; 0g1meawhunmjmr91m6m0k5lv7p6or5e 828 3834 17446 2014-08-30T07:58:21Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] Scribunto text/plain citation_config = {}; -- override <code>...</code> styling to remove color, border, and padding. <code> css is specified here: -- https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/69cd73811f7aadd093050dbf20ed70ef0b42a713/skins%2Fcommon%2FcommonElements.css#L199 local code_style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;"; --[[ List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories. Same as setting notracking = true by default Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces. ]] citation_config.uncategorized_namespaces = { 'User', 'Talk', 'User_talk', 'Wikipedia_talk', 'File_talk', 'Template_talk', 'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk', 'Book_talk', 'Draft', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk' }; --[[ Translation table The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation. This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this module. ]] citation_config.messages = { ['published'] = 'published $1', ['lay summary'] = 'Lay summary', ['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1', ['inactive'] = 'inactive', ['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2', ['archived-not-dead'] = '$1 from the original on $2', ['archived-missing'] = 'Archived from the original$1 on $2', ['archived'] = 'Archived', ['original'] = 'the original', ['editor'] = 'ed.', ['editors'] = 'eds.', ['edition'] = '($1 ed.)', ['episode'] = 'episode', ['season'] = 'season', ['series'] = 'series', ['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1', ['section'] = 'Section $1', ['inset'] = '$1 inset', ['written'] = 'Written at $1', ['in'] = 'In', ['et al'] = 'et al.', ['subscription'] = '<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required (<span title="Sources are not required to be available online. Online sources do not have to be freely available. The site may require a paid subscription." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>' .. '[[Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content]]', ['registration']='<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(registration required (<span title="Sources are not required to be available online. Online sources do not have to be freely available. The site may require registration." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>' .. '[[Category:Pages with login required references or sources]]', ['language'] = '(in $1)', ['via'] = " &ndash; via $1", ['event'] = 'Event occurs at', ['minutes'] = 'minutes in', ['quoted-title'] = '"$1"', ['italic-title'] = "''$1''", ['trans-quoted-title'] = "&#91;$1&#93;", ['trans-italic-title'] = "&#91;''$1''&#93;", ['quoted-text'] = '"$1"', ['parameter'] = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;$1=</code>', ['parameter-separator'] = ', ', ['parameter-final-separator'] = ', and ', ['parameter-pair-separator'] = ' and ', -- Error output -- .error class is specified at https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/9553bd02a5595da05c184f7521721fb1b79b3935/skins%2Fcommon%2Fshared.css#L538 -- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display ['hidden-error'] = '<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['visible-error'] = '<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">$1</span>', -- Determines the location of the help page ['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors', ['help page label'] = 'help', -- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad) ['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition', ['unknown_manual_ID'] = 'Unrecognized manual ID mode', ['unknown_ID_mode'] = 'Unrecognized ID mode', ['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable', ['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare url found but origin indicator is nil or empty', } -- Aliases table for commonly passed parameters citation_config.aliases = { ['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'}, ['Agency'] = 'agency', ['AirDate'] = {'air-date', 'airdate'}, ['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'}, ['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'}, ['ASINTLD'] = {'ASIN-TLD', 'asin-tld'}, ['At'] = 'at', ['Authors'] = {'authors', 'people', 'host'}, ['AuthorFormat'] = {'author-format', 'authorformat'}, ['AuthorSeparator'] = 'author-separator', ['AuthorNameSeparator'] = 'author-name-separator', ['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'}, ['Callsign'] = {'call-sign', 'callsign'}, -- cite interview ['Cartography'] = 'cartography', ['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section', 'notestitle'}, -- notestitle is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by old cite AV media notes ['ChapterLink'] = {'chapter-link', 'chapterlink'}, ['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'chapterurl', 'contribution-url', 'contributionurl', 'section-url', 'sectionurl'}, ['City'] = 'city', -- cite interview ['Coauthors'] = {'coauthors', 'coauthor'}, -- coauthor and coauthors are deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014 ['Cointerviewers'] = 'cointerviewers', -- cointerviewers is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by cite interview ['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'}, ['ConferenceURL'] = {'conference-url', 'conferenceurl', 'event-url', 'eventurl'}, ['Date'] = 'date', ['Day'] = 'day', ['DeadURL'] = {'dead-url', 'deadurl'}, ['Degree'] = 'degree', ['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'displayauthors'}, ['DisplayEditors'] = {'display-editors', 'displayeditors'}, ['Docket'] = 'docket', ['DoiBroken'] = {'doi-broken', 'doi-broken-date', 'doi-inactive-date', 'DoiBroken', 'doi_brokendate', 'doi_inactivedate'}, ['Edition'] = 'edition', ['Editors'] = 'editors', ['EditorFormat'] = {'editor-format', 'editorformat'}, ['EditorSeparator'] = 'editor-separator', ['EditorNameSeparator'] = 'editor-name-separator', ['Embargo'] = {'Embargo', 'embargo'}, ['Format'] = 'format', ['ID'] = {'id', 'ID', 'publisherid'}, -- publisherid is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD notes ['IgnoreISBN'] = {'ignore-isbn-error', 'ignoreisbnerror'}, ['Inset'] = 'inset', ['Interviewer'] = 'interviewer', -- cite interview ['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'}, ['Language'] = {'language', 'in'}, ['LastAuthorAmp'] = {'last-author-amp', 'lastauthoramp'}, ['LayDate'] = {'lay-date', 'laydate'}, ['LaySource'] = {'lay-source', 'laysource'}, ['LayURL'] = {'lay-url', 'lay-summary', 'layurl', 'laysummary'}, ['Minutes'] = 'minutes', ['Month'] = 'month', ['NameSeparator'] = 'name-separator', ['Network'] = 'network', ['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'}, ['NoTracking'] = {'template-doc-demo', 'template doc demo', 'no-cat', 'nocat', 'no-tracking', 'notracking'}, ['OrigYear'] = {'orig-year', 'origyear', 'titleyear'}, -- titleyear is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used in old cite DVD notes ['Others'] = {'others', 'artist', 'director'}, -- artist and director are deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used in old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD notes ['Page'] = {'p', 'page'}, ['Pages'] = {'pp', 'pages'}, ['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'newspaper', 'magazine', 'work', 'website', 'periodical', 'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'}, ['Place'] = {'place', 'location'}, ['PPrefix'] = {'p-prefix', 'PPrefix'}, ['PPPrefix'] = {'pp-prefix', 'PPPrefix'}, ['Program'] = 'program', -- cite interview ['PostScript'] = 'postscript', ['PublicationDate'] = {'publicationdate', 'publication-date'}, ['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'}, --[[ Hide unfinished cite newsgroup code so that long delayed update can take place ['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'distributor', 'institution', 'newsgroup'}, ]] ['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'distributor', 'institution'}, ['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'}, ['Ref'] = {'ref', 'Ref'}, ['RegistrationRequired'] = 'registration', ['Scale'] = 'scale', ['Section'] = 'section', ['Season'] = 'season', ['Separator'] = 'separator', ['Series'] = {'series', 'version'}, ['SeriesSeparator'] = 'series-separator', ['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'}, ['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no', 'seriesnumber', 'seriesno'}, ['Station'] = 'station', ['SubscriptionRequired'] = 'subscription', ['Time'] = 'time', ['TimeCaption'] = {'time-caption', 'timecaption'}, ['Title'] = 'title', ['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'titlelink', 'episodelink', 'albumlink'}, -- albumlink is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by old cite AV media notes ['TitleNote'] = 'department', ['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'}, ['TransChapter'] = {'trans-chapter', 'trans_chapter'}, ['Transcript'] = 'transcript', ['TranscriptURL'] = {'transcript-url', 'transcripturl'}, ['TransTitle'] = {'trans-title', 'trans_title'}, ['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'}, ['Via'] = 'via', ['Volume'] = 'volume', ['Year'] = 'year', ['AuthorList-First'] = {"author#-first", "author-first#", "first#", "given#"}, ['AuthorList-Last'] = {"author#-last", "author-last#", "last#", "surname#", "Author#", "author#", "authors#", "subject#"}, ['AuthorList-Link'] = {"author#-link", "author-link#", "author#link", "authorlink#", "subject-link#", "subject#link", "subject#-link", "subjectlink#"}, ['AuthorList-Mask'] = {"author#-mask", "author-mask#", "author#mask", "authormask#"}, ['EditorList-First'] = {"editor#-first", "editor-first#", "editor#-given", "editor-given#", "EditorGiven#"}, ['EditorList-Last'] = {"editor#-last", "editor-last#", "editor#-surname", "editor-surname#", "EditorSurname#", "Editor#", "editor#", "editors#"}, ['EditorList-Link'] = {"editor#-link", "editor-link#", "editor#link", "editorlink#"}, ['EditorList-Mask'] = {"editor#-mask", "editor-mask#", "editor#mask", "editormask#"}, } -- Default parameter values citation_config.defaults = { ['DeadURL'] = 'yes', ['AuthorSeparator'] = ';', ['EditorSeparator'] = ';', ['NameSeparator'] = ',', ['PPrefix'] = "p.&nbsp;", ['PPPrefix'] = "pp.&nbsp;", } --[[ Error condition table The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the code. For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment. Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors ]] citation_config.error_conditions = { accessdate_missing_url = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;accessdate=</code> requires <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url', category = 'Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL', hidden = true }, archive_missing_date = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;archiveurl=</code> requires <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;archivedate=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_date', category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors', hidden = false }, archive_missing_url = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;archiveurl=</code> requires <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_url', category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors', hidden = false }, bad_arxiv = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;arxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_arxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv', hidden = false }, bad_authorlink = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;authorlink=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_authorlink', category = 'CS1 errors: authorlink', hidden = false }, bad_date = { message = 'Check date values in: <code style="'..code_style..'">$1</code>', anchor = 'bad_date', category = 'CS1 errors: dates', hidden = true }, bad_doi = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;doi=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_doi', category = 'Pages with DOI errors', hidden = false }, bad_isbn = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;isbn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_isbn', category = 'Pages with ISBN errors', hidden = false }, bad_issn = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;issn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_issn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN', hidden = false }, bad_lccn = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;lccn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_lccn', category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN', hidden = false }, bad_ol = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;ol=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ol', category = 'Pages with OL errors', hidden = false }, bad_pmc = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;pmc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC', hidden = false }, bad_pmid = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;pmid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmid', category = 'CS1 errors: PMID', hidden = false }, bad_url = { message = 'Check <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;url=</code> scheme', anchor = 'bad_url', category = 'Pages with URL errors', hidden = false }, bare_url_missing_title = { message = '$1 missing title', anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title', category = 'Pages with citations having bare URLs', hidden = false }, citation_missing_title = { message = 'Missing or empty <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;title=</code>', anchor = 'citation_missing_title', category = 'Pages with citations lacking titles', hidden = false }, cite_web_url = { -- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast message = 'Missing or empty <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'cite_web_url', category = 'Pages using web citations with no URL', hidden = true }, coauthors_missing_author = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;coauthors=</code> requires <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;author=</code>', anchor = 'coauthors_missing_author', category = 'CS1 errors: coauthors without author', hidden = false }, deprecated_params = { message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameters', anchor = 'deprecated_params', category = 'Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters', hidden = true }, empty_citation = { message = 'Empty citation', anchor = 'empty_citation', category = 'Pages with empty citations', hidden = false }, extra_pages = { message = 'Extra <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;pages=</code> or <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;at=</code>', anchor = 'extra_pages', category = 'Pages with citations using conflicting page specifications', hidden = false }, first_missing_last = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;first$2=</code> missing <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;last$2=</code> in $1', anchor = 'first_missing_last', category = 'CS1 errors: missing author or editor', hidden = false }, format_missing_url = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;format=</code> requires <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'format_missing_url', category = 'Pages using citations with format and no URL', hidden = true }, implict_etal_author = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;displayauthors=</code> suggested', anchor = 'displayauthors', category = 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al.', hidden = true }, implict_etal_editor = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;displayeditors=</code> suggested', anchor = 'displayeditors', category = 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al. in editors', hidden = true }, missing_name = { message = 'Missing <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;last$2=</code> in $1', anchor = 'missing_name', category = 'CS1 errors: missing author or editor', hidden = false }, parameter_ignored = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', anchor = 'parameter_ignored', category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters', hidden = false }, parameter_ignored_suggest = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;$1=</code> ignored (<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;$2=</code> suggested)', anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest', category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters', hidden = false }, redundant_parameters = { message = 'More than one of $1 specified', anchor = 'redundant_parameters', category = 'Pages with citations having redundant parameters', hidden = false }, text_ignored = { message = 'Text "$1" ignored', anchor = 'text_ignored', category = 'Pages with citations using unnamed parameters', hidden = false }, trans_missing_chapter = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;trans_chapter=</code> requires <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;chapter=</code>', anchor = 'trans_missing_chapter', category = 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original', hidden = false }, trans_missing_title = { message = '<code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;trans_title=</code> requires <code style="'..code_style..'">&#124;title=</code>', anchor = 'trans_missing_title', category = 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original', hidden = false }, wikilink_in_url = { message = 'Wikilink embedded in URL title', anchor = 'wikilink_in_url', category = 'Pages with citations having wikilinks embedded in URL titles', hidden = false }, } citation_config.id_handlers = { ['ARXIV'] = { parameters = {'arxiv', 'ARXIV'}, link = 'arXiv', label = 'arXiv', mode = 'manual', prefix = '//arxiv.org/abs/', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 encode = false, COinS = 'info:arxiv', separator = ':', }, ['ASIN'] = { parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' }, link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number', label = 'ASIN', mode = 'manual', COinS = 'info:asin', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = false; }, ['BIBCODE'] = { parameters = {'bibcode', 'BIBCODE'}, link = 'Bibcode', label = 'Bibcode', mode = 'external', prefix = 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/', encode = false, COinS = 'info:bibcode', separator = ':', }, ['DOI'] = { parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI' }, link = 'Digital object identifier', label = 'doi', mode = 'manual', prefix = 'http://dx.doi.org/', COinS = 'info:doi', separator = ':', encode = true, }, ['ISBN'] = { parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN', 'isbn13', 'ISBN13'}, link = 'International Standard Book Number', label = 'ISBN', mode = 'manual', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/', COinS = 'rft.isbn', separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISSN'] = { parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number', label = 'ISSN', mode = 'manual', prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.issn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JFM'] = { parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'}, link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik', label = 'JFM', mode = 'external', prefix = 'http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'rft.jfm', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JSTOR'] = { parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'}, link = 'JSTOR', label = 'JSTOR', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.jstor.org/stable/', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'rft.jstor', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['LCCN'] = { parameters = {'LCCN', 'lccn'}, link = 'Library of Congress Control Number', label = 'LCCN', mode = 'manual', prefix = 'http://lccn.loc.gov/', COinS = 'rft.lccn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['MR'] = { parameters = {'MR', 'mr'}, link = 'Mathematical Reviews', label = 'MR', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'rft.mr', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['OCLC'] = { parameters = {'OCLC', 'oclc'}, link = 'OCLC', label = 'OCLC', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/', COinS = 'info:oclcnum', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['OL'] = { parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' }, link = 'Open Library', label = 'OL', mode = 'manual', COinS = 'info:olnum', separator = '&nbsp;', endode = true, }, ['OSTI'] = { parameters = {'OSTI', 'osti'}, link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', label = 'OSTI', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'info:osti', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['PMC'] = { parameters = {'PMC', 'pmc'}, link = 'PubMed Central', label = 'PMC', mode = 'manual', -- changed to support unlinking of PMC identifier when article is embargoed prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC', suffix = " ", COinS = 'info:pmc', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['PMID'] = { parameters = {'PMID', 'pmid'}, link = 'PubMed Identifier', label = 'PMID', mode = 'manual', -- changed from external manual to support PMID validation prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/', COinS = 'info:pmid', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['RFC'] = { parameters = {'RFC', 'rfc'}, link = 'Request for Comments', label = 'RFC', mode = 'external', prefix = '//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc', COinS = 'info:rfc', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['SSRN'] = { parameters = {'SSRN', 'ssrn'}, link = 'Social Science Research Network', label = 'SSRN', mode = 'external', prefix = '//ssrn.com/abstract=', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'info:ssrn', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, --[[ Hide unfinished cite newsgroup code so that long delayed update can take place ['USENETID'] = { parameters = {'id', 'ID'}, link = 'Usenet', label = 'Usenet:', mode = 'external', prefix = 'news:', encode = false, COinS = 'info:usenet', separator = '&nbsp;', }, ]] ['ZBL'] = { parameters = {'ZBL', 'zbl'}, link = 'Zentralblatt MATH', label = 'Zbl', mode = 'external', prefix = 'http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'info:zbl', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, } --iso639-1 language codes and names. citation_config.iso639_1 = { ["aa"] = "Afar", ["ab"] = "Abkhazian", ["ae"] = "Avestan", ["af"] = "Afrikaans", ["ak"] = "Akan", ["am"] = "Amharic", ["an"] = "Aragonese", ["ar"] = "Arabic", ["as"] = "Assamese", ["av"] = "Avaric", ["ay"] = "Aymara", ["az"] = "Azerbaijani", ["ba"] = "Bashkir", ["be"] = "Belarusian", ["bg"] = "Bulgarian", ["bh"] = "Bihari languages", ["bi"] = "Bislama", ["bm"] = "Bambara", ["bn"] = "Bengali", ["bo"] = "Tibetan", ["br"] = "Breton", ["bs"] = "Bosnian", ["ca"] = "Catalan", -- ["ca"] = "Valencian", ["ce"] = "Chechen", ["ch"] = "Chamorro", ["co"] = "Corsican", ["cr"] = "Cree", ["cs"] = "Czech", ["cu"] = "Church Slavic", -- ["cu"] = "Old Slavonic", -- ["cu"] = "Church Slavonic", -- ["cu"] = "Old Bulgarian", -- ["cu"] = "Old Church Slavonic", ["cv"] = "Chuvash", ["cy"] = "Welsh", ["da"] = "Danish", ["de"] = "German", ["dv"] = "Divehi", ["dv"] = "Dhivehi", ["dv"] = "Maldivian", ["dz"] = "Dzongkha", ["ee"] = "Ewe", ["el"] = "Modern Greek", ["en"] = "English", ["eo"] = "Esperanto", ["es"] = "Spanish", -- ["es"] = "Castilian", ["et"] = "Estonian", ["eu"] = "Basque", ["fa"] = "Persian", ["ff"] = "Fulah", ["fi"] = "Finnish", ["fj"] = "Fijian", ["fo"] = "Faroese", ["fr"] = "French", ["fy"] = "Western Frisian", ["ga"] = "Irish", -- ["gd"] = "Gaelic", ["gd"] = "Scottish Gaelic", ["gl"] = "Galician", ["gn"] = "Guarani", ["gu"] = "Gujarati", ["gv"] = "Manx", ["ha"] = "Hausa", ["he"] = "Hebrew", ["hi"] = "Hindi", ["ho"] = "Hiri Motu", ["hr"] = "Croatian", -- ["ht"] = "Haitian", ["ht"] = "Haitian Creole", ["hu"] = "Hungarian", ["hy"] = "Armenian", ["hz"] = "Herero", ["ia"] = "Interlingua", ["id"] = "Indonesian", ["ie"] = "Interlingue", ["ie"] = "Occidental", ["ig"] = "Igbo", -- ["ii"] = "Sichuan Yi", ["ii"] = "Nuosu", ["ik"] = "Inupiaq", ["io"] = "Ido", ["is"] = "Icelandic", ["it"] = "Italian", ["iu"] = "Inuktitut", ["ja"] = "Japanese", ["jv"] = "Javanese", ["ka"] = "Georgian", ["kg"] = "Kongo", -- ["ki"] = "Kikuyu", ["ki"] = "Gikuyu", -- ["kj"] = "Kuanyama", ["kj"] = "Kwanyama", ["kk"] = "Kazakh", -- ["kl"] = "Kalaallisut", ["kl"] = "Greenlandic", ["km"] = "Central Khmer", ["kn"] = "Kannada", ["ko"] = "Korean", ["kr"] = "Kanuri", ["ks"] = "Kashmiri", ["ku"] = "Kurdish", ["kv"] = "Komi", ["kw"] = "Cornish", -- ["ky"] = "Kirghiz", ["ky"] = "Kyrgyz", ["la"] = "Latin", ["lb"] = "Luxembourgish", -- ["lb"] = "Letzeburgesch", ["lg"] = "Ganda", -- ["li"] = "Limburgan", -- ["li"] = "Limburger", ["li"] = "Limburgish", ["ln"] = "Lingala", ["lo"] = "Lao", ["lt"] = "Lithuanian", ["lu"] = "Luba-Katanga", ["lv"] = "Latvian", ["mg"] = "Malagasy", ["mh"] = "Marshallese", ["mi"] = "Maori", ["mk"] = "Macedonian", ["ml"] = "Malayalam", ["mn"] = "Mongolian", ["mr"] = "Marathi", ["ms"] = "Malay", ["mt"] = "Maltese", ["my"] = "Burmese", ["na"] = "Nauru", ["nb"] = "Norwegian Bokmål", ["nd"] = "North Ndebele", ["ne"] = "Nepali", ["ng"] = "Ndonga", ["nl"] = "Dutch", -- ["nl"] = "Flemish", ["nn"] = "Norwegian Nynorsk", ["no"] = "Norwegian", ["nr"] = "South Ndebele", ["nv"] = "Navajo", -- ["nv"] = "Navaho", -- ["ny"] = "Chichewa", -- ["ny"] = "Chewa", ["ny"] = "Nyanja", ["oc"] = "Occitan", ["oj"] = "Ojibwa", ["om"] = "Oromo", ["or"] = "Oriya", ["os"] = "Ossetian", ["os"] = "Ossetic", -- ["pa"] = "Panjabi", ["pa"] = "Punjabi", ["pi"] = "Pali", ["pl"] = "Polish", -- ["ps"] = "Pushto", ["ps"] = "Pashto", ["pt"] = "Portuguese", ["qu"] = "Quechua", ["rm"] = "Romansh", ["rn"] = "Rundi", ["ro"] = "Romanian", -- ["ro"] = "Moldavian", -- ["ro"] = "Moldovan", ["ru"] = "Russian", ["rw"] = "Kinyarwanda", ["sa"] = "Sanskrit", ["sc"] = "Sardinian", ["sd"] = "Sindhi", ["se"] = "Northern Sami", ["sg"] = "Sango", ["si"] = "Sinhala", -- ["si"] = "Sinhalese", ["sk"] = "Slovak", ["sl"] = "Slovenian", ["sm"] = "Samoan", ["sn"] = "Shona", ["so"] = "Somali", ["sq"] = "Albanian", ["sr"] = "Serbian", ["ss"] = "Swati", ["st"] = "Southern Sotho", ["su"] = "Sundanese", ["sv"] = "Swedish", ["sw"] = "Swahili", ["ta"] = "Tamil", ["te"] = "Telugu", ["tg"] = "Tajik", ["th"] = "Thai", ["ti"] = "Tigrinya", ["tk"] = "Turkmen", ["tl"] = "Tagalog", ["tn"] = "Tswana", ["to"] = "Tonga (Tonga Islands)", ["tr"] = "Turkish", ["ts"] = "Tsonga", ["tt"] = "Tatar", ["tw"] = "Twi", ["ty"] = "Tahitian", -- ["ug"] = "Uighur", ["ug"] = "Uyghur", ["uk"] = "Ukrainian", ["ur"] = "Urdu", ["uz"] = "Uzbek", ["ve"] = "Venda", ["vi"] = "Vietnamese", ["vo"] = "Volapük", ["wa"] = "Walloon", ["wo"] = "Wolof", ["xh"] = "Xhosa", ["yi"] = "Yiddish", ["yo"] = "Yoruba", ["za"] = "Zhuang", -- ["za"] = "Chuang", ["zh"] = "Chinese", ["zu"] = "Zulu", } return citation_config; eaq8xfsny76nsayf7ffs8e3oqzhufom 828 3835 17447 2014-08-30T07:59:40Z CFCF 3447 From [[en:Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist]] Scribunto text/plain --[[ Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items now can have three values: true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter) ]] whitelist = { basic_arguments = { ['accessdate'] = true, ['access-date'] = true, ['agency'] = true, ['airdate'] = true, ['air-date'] = true, ['albumlink'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of titlelink used by old cite AV media notes ['albumtype'] = nil, -- controled inappropriate functionality in the old cite AV media notes ['archivedate'] = true, ['archive-date'] = true, ['archiveurl'] = true, ['archive-url'] = true, ['article'] = true, ['artist'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of others used by old cite AV media notes ['arxiv'] = true, ['ARXIV'] = true, ['asin'] = true, ['ASIN'] = true, ['asin-tld'] = true, ['ASIN-TLD'] = true, ['at'] = true, ['author'] = true, ['Author'] = true, ['author-first'] = true, ['authorformat'] = true, ['author-format'] = true, ['author-last'] = true, ['authorlink'] = true, ['author-link'] = true, ['authormask'] = true, ['author-mask'] = true, ['author-name-separator'] = true, ['authors'] = true, ['author-separator'] = true, ['bibcode'] = true, ['BIBCODE'] = true, ['booktitle'] = true, ['book-title'] = true, ['callsign']=true, -- cite interview ['call-sign']=true, -- cite interview ['cartography'] = true, ['chapter'] = true, ['chapterlink'] = true, ['chapter-link'] = true, ['chapterurl'] = true, ['chapter-url'] = true, ['city']=true, -- cite interview ['coauthor'] = false, ['coauthors'] = false, ['cointerviewers'] = false, -- cite interview ['conference'] = true, ['conferenceurl'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['contribution'] = true, ['contributionurl'] = true, ['contribution-url'] = true, ['date'] = true, ['day'] = false, ['deadurl'] = true, ['dead-url'] = true, ['degree'] = true, ['department'] = true, ['dictionary'] = true, ['director'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of author used by old cite DVD-notes ['displayauthors'] = true, ['display-authors'] = true, ['displayeditors'] = true, ['display-editors'] = true, ['docket'] = true, ['doi'] = true, ['DOI'] = true, ['DoiBroken'] = true, ['doi-broken'] = true, ['doi_brokendate'] = true, ['doi-broken-date'] = true, ['doi_inactivedate'] = true, ['doi-inactive-date'] = true, ['edition'] = true, ['editor'] = true, ['Editor'] = true, ['editor-first'] = true, ['editorformat'] = true, ['editor-format'] = true, ['EditorGiven'] = true, ['editor-given'] = true, ['editor-last'] = true, ['editorlink'] = true, ['editor-link'] = true, ['editormask'] = true, ['editor-mask'] = true, ['editor-name-separator'] = true, ['editors'] = true, ['editor-separator'] = true, ['EditorSurname'] = true, ['editor-surname'] = true, ['embargo'] = true, ['Embargo'] = true, ['encyclopaedia'] = true, ['encyclopedia'] = true, ['entry'] = true, ['episodelink'] = true, ['episode-link'] = true, ['event'] = true, ['eventurl'] = true, ['event-url'] = true, ['first'] = true, ['format'] = true, ['given'] = true, ['host'] = true, ['id'] = true, ['ID'] = true, ['ignoreisbnerror'] = true, ['ignore-isbn-error'] = true, ['in'] = true, ['inset'] = true, ['institution'] = true, ['interviewer'] = true, --cite interview ['isbn'] = true, ['ISBN'] = true, ['isbn13'] = true, ['ISBN13'] = true, ['issn'] = true, ['ISSN'] = true, ['issue'] = true, ['jfm'] = true, ['JFM'] = true, ['journal'] = true, ['jstor'] = true, ['JSTOR'] = true, ['language'] = true, ['last'] = true, ['lastauthoramp'] = true, ['last-author-amp'] = true, ['laydate'] = true, ['lay-date'] = true, ['laysource'] = true, ['lay-source'] = true, ['laysummary'] = true, ['lay-summary'] = true, ['layurl'] = true, ['lay-url'] = true, ['lccn'] = true, ['LCCN'] = true, ['location'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['medium'] = true, ['minutes'] = true, ['month'] = false, ['mr'] = true, ['MR'] = true, ['name-separator'] = true, ['network'] = true, ['newsgroup'] = true, ['newspaper'] = true, ['nocat'] = true, ['no-cat'] = true, ['nopp'] = true, ['no-pp'] = true, ['notestitle'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of chapter used by old cite AV media notes ['notracking'] = true, ['no-tracking'] = true, ['number'] = true, ['oclc'] = true, ['OCLC'] = true, ['ol'] = true, ['OL'] = true, ['origyear'] = true, ['orig-year'] = true, ['osti'] = true, ['OSTI'] = true, ['others'] = true, ['p'] = true, ['page'] = true, ['pages'] = true, ['people'] = true, ['periodical'] = true, ['place'] = true, ['pmc'] = true, ['PMC'] = true, ['pmid'] = true, ['PMID'] = true, ['postscript'] = true, ['pp'] = true, ['PPPrefix'] = true, ['pp-prefix'] = true, ['PPrefix'] = true, ['p-prefix'] = true, ['program']=true, -- cite interview ['publicationdate'] = true, ['publication-date'] = true, ['publicationplace'] = true, ['publication-place'] = true, ['publisher'] = true, ['publisherid'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of others used by old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD-notes ['quotation'] = true, ['quote'] = true, ['ref'] = true, ['Ref'] = true, ['registration'] = true, ['rfc'] = true, ['RFC'] = true, ['scale'] = true, ['season'] = true, ['section'] = true, ['sectionurl'] = true, ['section-url'] = true, ['separator'] = true, ['series'] = true, ['serieslink'] = true, ['series-link'] = true, ['seriesno'] = true, ['series-no'] = true, ['seriesnumber'] = true, ['series-number'] = true, ['series-separator'] = true, ['ssrn'] = true, ['SSRN'] = true, ['station'] = true, ['subject'] = true, ['subjectlink'] = true, ['subject-link'] = true, ['subscription'] = true, ['surname'] = true, ['template doc demo'] = true, ['template-doc-demo'] = true, ['time'] = true, ['timecaption'] = true, ['time-caption'] = true, ['title'] = true, ['titlelink'] = true, ['title-link'] = true, ['titleyear'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of origyear used by old cite DVD-notes ['trans_chapter'] = true, ['trans-chapter'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcripturl'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, ['trans_title'] = true, ['trans-title'] = true, ['type'] = true, ['url'] = true, ['URL'] = true, ['version'] = true, ['via'] = true, ['volume'] = true, ['website'] = true, ['work'] = true, ['year'] = true, ['zbl'] = true, ['ZBL'] = true, }, numbered_arguments = { ['author#'] = true, ['Author#'] = true, ['author-first#'] = true, ['author#-first'] = true, ['author-last#'] = true, ['author#-last'] = true, ['author-link#'] = true, ['author#link'] = true, ['author#-link'] = true, ['authorlink#'] = true, ['author-mask#'] = true, ['author#mask'] = true, ['author#-mask'] = true, ['authormask#'] = true, ['authors#'] = true, ['editor#'] = true, ['Editor#'] = true, ['editor-first#'] = true, ['editor#-first'] = true, ['EditorGiven#'] = true, ['editor#-given'] = true, ['editor-given#'] = true, ['editor-last#'] = true, ['editor#-last'] = true, ['editor-link#'] = true, ['editor#link'] = true, ['editor#-link'] = true, ['editorlink#'] = true, ['editor-mask#'] = true, ['editor#mask'] = true, ['editor#-mask'] = true, ['editormask#'] = true, ['editors#'] = true, ['EditorSurname#'] = true, ['editor#-surname'] = true, ['editor-surname#'] = true, ['first#'] = true, ['given#'] = true, ['last#'] = true, ['subject#'] = true, ['subject-link#'] = true, ['subject#link'] = true, ['subject#-link'] = true, ['subjectlink#'] = true, ['surname#'] = true, }, }; return whitelist; fwukir9kiszdkcd1xiqvcsnheiskk0b 10 3836 17449 2014-08-30T08:02:56Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=book }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=book }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> hq4yscm08hccl43rjw83qi7egacgxec 10 3837 17450 2014-08-30T08:03:15Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pbjnspfej5gxihr9izxrzkow3f1uf3i 10 3838 17451 2014-08-30T08:03:37Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> lom0ku4nznaf2iqlcowwbf3dwcyvfky 10 3839 17452 2014-08-30T08:03:54Z CFCF 3447 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> rcgmbcxu7hvs583g1f3rzz4c4dkizda 10 3840 21747 21744 2021-01-03T19:43:50Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Reflist]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="reflist" style="<!-- -->{{#if: {{{width|{{{colwidth|}}}}}} | -moz-column-width: {{{width{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{width{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; column-width: {{{width{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; | {{#if: {{{1|}}} | -moz-column-count:{{{1}}}; -webkit-column-count:{{{1}}}; column-count:{{{1}}}; }} }} list-style-type: <!-- -->{{{liststyle|{{#switch: {{{group|}}} | upper-alpha | upper-roman | lower-alpha | lower-greek | lower-roman = {{{group}}} | #default = decimal}}}}}}}};">{{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}</div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> o9i461rnwzjh23hfcn62lizvmylac2w 10 3841 17454 2014-08-30T09:52:49Z CFCF 3447 From [[:en:Template:MedlinePlusEncyclopedia]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[MedlinePlus|MedlinePlus Encyclopedia]] ''[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]''<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> miijegp7rzf47un0dtdbu0pf8z2f0k0 0 3857 20540 20527 2020-04-25T15:04:25Z Praxidicae 5594 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/111.119.178.161|111.119.178.161]] ([[User talk:111.119.178.161|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:217.175.126.13|217.175.126.13]] wikitext text/x-wiki ሓሙስ እያ ሓንቲ መዓልቲ ኣብ ሰሙን 4d7d4n9g2sjpkzvdca7quy7iz09yo01 0 3867 21617 17524 2020-12-15T04:09:31Z Dcljr 46 proper section nesting wikitext text/x-wiki == ከሚካል ሪኣክሽን == === ክልተ ዓይነታተ ከሚካል ሪኣክሽን ኣለዉ ። === ==== ኤክሶተርም ሪኣክሽን ==== ኤክሶተርም ሪኣክሽን ዝብሃል ከም ወጥጽኢት ናይ'ቲ ሪኣክሽን ጽዓት ዝህብ እዩ ። ==== ኤንዶተርም ሪኣክሽን ==== ኤንዶተርም ሪኣክሽን ዝብሃል ድማ ሪኣክሽን ንኽካየድ ጽዓት ዝደሊ እዩ ። mrex4wbjg67hygky2ey461y9d1re3rd 4 3884 21722 20134 2021-01-02T21:04:34Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ]] g9zzdsd25dnxheyiftrxjci9r872dnj 10 3886 17567 2015-01-05T16:42:19Z 86.97.148.9 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: Avsego<nowiki == # Heading text Trcko * Bulleted list item == > * Insert non-formatted text here </nowiki> wikitext text/x-wiki Avsego<nowiki == # Heading text Trcko * Bulleted list item == > * Insert non-formatted text here </nowiki> hxi3kiroz6oucw3a8d5f7s73bs5f2yh 0 3918 24508 23532 2023-09-15T06:41:25Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox disease | name = ስይስቲሰርኮሲs <br>Cysticercosis | image = Neurocysticercosis.gif | caption = <!--Magnetic resonance image in a person with neurocysticercosis showing many cysts within the brain.--> | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|69||b|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|123.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 3341 | MedlinePlus = 000627 | eMedicineSubj = emerg | eMedicineTopic = 119 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|med|494}} {{eMedicine2|ped|537}} | MeshID = D003551 }} '''ስይስቲሰርኮሲስ (Cysticercosis)''' ፡ ኣብ [[ ሓቢ ስጋ ሓሰማ]] (''ታኒያ ሶልዩም (Taenia solium)'') ብዚርከብ [[ላርቫ|ውልዶ ቅርጺ ኣካል]] ብዘለዎ (ስይስቲሰርኩስ) ዚስዕብ [[ረኽሲ]] ቲሹ እዩ። <ref>{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Larry S.|last2=Janovy, Jr.|first2=John|title=Gerald D. Schmidt & Larry S. Roberts' Foundations of Parasitology|date=2009|publisher=McGraw-Hill Higher Education|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-07-302827-9|pages=348-351|edition=8}}</ref><ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Taeniasis/Cysticercosis Fact sheet N°376|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs376/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 March 2014|date=February 2013}}</ref> ሰባት፡ ንዓመታት ዚኣክል ውሑድ ዝኾነ ምልክታት ከርእዩ ወይ ምልክታት ከየርእዩ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ ኣብ ቆርበትን ጭዋዳታትን ድማ ቃንዛ ዘይብሉ ኣስታት ካብ ሓደ ክሳዕ ክልተ ሰንቲሜተር ዚበጽሕ ተሪር ሕበጥ ከማዕብሉ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ ሓንጐሎም ዝተጠቕዐ እንተኾይኑ ድማ [[ነውሮስይስቲሰርኮሲስ (neurocysticercosis)|ምልክታት ሕማም ስነ-መትኒ]] ክህልዎም ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=Garcia03/><ref name=Gar2002>{{cite journal |author=García HH, Evans CA, Nash TE, et al. |title=Current consensus guidelines for treatment of neurocysticercosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=747–56 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12364377 |pmc=126865 |doi=10.1128/CMR.15.4.747-756.2002 |url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12364377 |access-date=2015-03-03 |archive-date=2020-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614230942/https://cmr.asm.org/content/15/4/747.long |dead-url=yes }}</ref> እዚ ሕበጥ’ዚ፡ ድሕሪ ኣዋርሕ ወይ ዓመታት፡ ኣዝዩ ኣቐንዛዊ ይኸውን፣ ቀጺሉ ኣዝዩ ብምሕባጥ ድማ ኪሓድጐ ይኽእል።<!-- <ref name=Garcia03/> --> ኣብ ዝምዕብላ ዘለዋ ሃገራት ድማ ሓደ ካብቶም ን[[ወቕዒ ምንፍርፋር]] ዜስዕቡ ግኑን ሕማም እዩ። <ref name=Garcia03/> <!-- Cause and Diagnosis --> መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ እንቛቑሖ ሓቢ ንዘለዎ ምግቢ ብምብላዕ ወይ ማይ ብምስታይ ዚመጽእ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> ዘይተኸሸነ ኣሕምልቲ፡ እቲ ቀንዲ ምንጪ እዩ። <ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ እንቛቑሖ ሓቢ፡ ካብቲ ብ[[ቴንያሲስ (taeniasis)]] ዝፍለጡ ዓበይቲ ሓሰኻታት ኣብ እተለኽፈ ሰብ ኣብ ዚወጽእ [[ቀልቀል]] ይርከቡ።<ref name=Garcia03/><ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/ |title=CDC - Cysticercosis}}</ref> ቴንያሲስ፡ ጽቡቕ ገይሩ ካብ ዘይተኸሸነ ስጋ ሓሰማ ንዝርከብ ሲይስት (ፍሕ) ብምብላዕ ዚመጽእ ዝተፈልየ ዓይነት ሕማም እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቶም እዚ ሓቢ ምስ ዘለዎ ሰብ ዝቕመጡ ሰባት፡ ስይስቲሰርኮሲስ ንኽሕዞም ኣብ ዝዓበየ ሓደጋ ይርከቡ።<ር name=CDC/> ነጸርታ ድማ ብ[[ረቂቕ መርፍእ ብምጥቃም ኣየር|ኣስፒሬሽን]] ካብ ሲስይት (ፉሕ) ብምውሳድ ኺካየድ ይከኣል።<ref name=Garcia03/> ኣብ ሓንጐል ንዘጋጥም ሕማም ንምንጻር ድማ ን[[ስእሊ ኮምፕዩተር ውሽጣዊ ኣካላት]] (CT) ወይ [[ስእሊ ማግኔታዊ መቓልሕ]] (MRI) ብምጥቃም ስእልታት ሓንጐል ምውሳድ ኣዝዩ ጠቓሚ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=Garcia03/> --> ኣብ [[ፈሳሲ ሓንጐልን ዓንዲ ሕቖን]]ን ደምን ዝርከብ ልዑል ቊጽሪ ናይቶም ብ[[ኦሲኖፊሊስ (eosinophils)]] ዝፈለጡ [[ጸዓዱ ዋህዮታት ደም]] ድማ ሓበርቲ ምልክታት እዮም።<ref name=Garcia03/> <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> ውልቃዊ ጽሬት ከምኡውን [[ንጽሕና]] ብምጥቃም፡ ረኽሲ ብዚግባእ ኽትከላኸሎ ይከኣል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> እዚ ድማ ንስጋ ሓሰማ ብዚግባእ ምኽሻን፣ ጽሬቱ ዝሓለወ [[ዓይኒ ምድሪ]] ምጥቃምን ብሉጽ ኣገልግሎት ዝስተ ማይ ምህላውን የጠቓልል።<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> ንቴንያሲስ ምሕካም፡ እቲ ሕማም ንኸይላባዕ ኣገዳሲ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ንስርዓተ-መትኒ ዘየጥቅዐ ሕማም ምሕካም ግን ኣየድልይን እዩ።<ref name=Garcia03/> ነቶም ሕማም መትኒ (ኔውሮስይስቲሰርኮሲስ) ዘለዎም ሰባት ንምሕካም፡ ብመድሃኒታት [[ፕራዚክዋንተል (praziquantel)]] ወይ [[ኣልበንዳዞል (albendazole)]] ኪኸውን ይኽእል።<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> እዚ ድማ ኣዝዩ ነዊሕ ግዜ ኪወስድ ይኽእል እዩ። <!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> ኣብ ግዜ ሕክምና ንዘጋጥም ነድሪ ኣካላት ዝፍውስ [[ስተሮይድ (Steroid)]] ከምኡውን [[ንሕማም ምንፍርፋር ዚፍውስ መድሃኒታት]] ከድሊ ይከኣል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ድማ ነቲ ዘጋጠመ ሲይስት ንምእላይ መጥባሕቲ ይግበር እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Epidemiology --> ሓቢ ስጋ ሓሰማ፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ እስያ፡ ኣፍሪቃን ደቡብ ኣሜሪካን ግኑን እዩ።<ref name=Garcia03>{{cite journal |author=García HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CA, Gilman RH |title=''Taenia solium'' cysticercosis |journal=Lancet |volume=362 |issue=9383 |pages=547–56 |date=August 2003 |pmid=12932389 |pmc=3103219 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14117-7 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(03)14117-7}}</ref> ኣብ ገለ ቦታታት ድማ ክሳዕ 25% ናይቲ ህዝቢ ከምዘጥቅዕ ይእመን።<ref name=Garcia03/> ኣብ ምዕቡል ዓለም ድማ እዚ ሕማም’ዚ ኣዝዩ ፍሉጥ ኣይኮነን።<ref name=Bob2014/> ኣብ ዓመተ 2010፡ ኣብ ምሉእ ዓለም፡ ካብቲ ኣብ 1990 ዝነበረ 700 ሞት ወሲኹ፣ ኣብ ኣስታት 1,200 ሰባት ድማ ሞት ኣስዒቡ።<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal |author=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, ''et al.'' |title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2095–128 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245604 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> ስይስቲሰርኮሲስ፡ ንሓሰማን ላምን ይለክፍ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ መብዛሕቶም ነዊሕ ከይጸንሑ ስለዝሞቱ፡ ምልክታት ሳሕቲ የርእዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ ሕማም፡ ኣብ መላእ ታሪኽ ንደቂ ሰብ እናጥቅዐ ዚርከብ ዘሎ እዩ።<ref name=Bob2014>{{cite journal |author=Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Fleury A, ''et al.'' |title=Evolution, molecular epidemiology and perspectives on the research of taeniid parasites with special emphasis on ''Taenia solium'' |journal=Infect. Genet. Evol. |volume=23 |pages=150–60 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24560729 |doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.005 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1567-1348(14)00053-7}}</ref> እዚ ድማ ሓደ ካብቶም [[ዝተረስዑ ትሮፒካዊ ሕማማት]] እዩ።<ref>{{cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=28 November 2014|date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> ==References== <references /> [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] r6demqsxawedfmuputa7nvns5ecbefr 0 3919 23780 19128 2022-08-06T10:48:44Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | name = Rabies | image = Dog with rabies.jpg | caption = ኣብ ደረጃ ምልማስ (ልዕሊ-ክፉእ) ዝርከብ ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ዘለዎ ከልቢ | DiseasesDB = 11148 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|82||a|82}} | ID9 = {{ICD9|071}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001334 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1374 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|eerg|493}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1974}} | MeshID = D011818 }} '''ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ''' ፡ ኣብ ሰባትን ካልኦት [[ውዑይ ዝደሞም]] እንስሳታትን ከቢድ [[ኤንሰፋሊቲስ|ነድሪ ኣእምሮ]] ብዘስዕብ [[ቫይረስ|ቫይራል]] ዚመሓላለፍ ሕማም እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ኣቐዲሙ ዝርኤ ምልክታት፡ ረስንን ኣብቲ ዝተነኽሶ ክፋል ኣካል ድማ ጸላዕላዕ/ማርማር ዚብል ስምዒትን ከጠቓልል ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ ምልክታት ድማ ቀጺሉ ካብ ዘሎ ሓደ ወይ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ ምልክታት፥ ማለት ዘይንቡር ምንቅስቓስ ኣካላት፣ ዘይግታእ ስምዒታት፣ [[ሃይድሮፎብያ|ፍርሂ ማይ]]፣ ንገለ ክፋላት ኣካል ከተንቀሳቕስ ዘይምኽኣል፣ ዕግርግር ምባል ከምኡውን [[ምስሓት ውኖ]]የኸትል።<ref name=WHO2013/> ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ ምልክትታት ምስተራኣየ፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ሞት የስዕብ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ መንጐ መልከፍቲ ሕማምን ምርኣይ ምልክታትን ዘሎ ንውሓት ግዜ፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ካብ ሓደ ክሳዕ ሰለስተ ኣዋርሕ እዩ። እንተኾነ ግን፡ እቲ ንውሓት ግዜ፡ ካብ ትሕቲ ሓደ ሰሙን ክሳዕ ልዕሊ ሓደ ዓመት ኪፈላለ ይከኣል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ንውሓት ግዜ፡ እቲ ቫይረስ ናብ [[ማእከላይ ስርዓተ መትኒ]] ንኽበጽሕ ኣብ ዝጉዓዞ ርሕቐት ዚሙርኮስ እዩ።<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book |author=Cotran RS |title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease |edition=7th |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2005 |page=1375 |isbn=0-7216-0187-1|author-separator=, |author2=Kumar V |author3=Fausto N |display-authors=3}}</ref> ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ ካብ ካልኦት እንስሳታት ናብ ሰባት ኪመሓላለፍ ይኽእል። ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ በቲ ሕማም ዝተለኽፈ እንስሳ ንኻልእ እንስሳ ወይ ሰብ ኣብ ዝፍሕንጭረሉ ወይ ዝነኽሰሉ እዋን ኪመሓላለፍ ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> ካብ ዝተለኽፈ እንስሳስ ዚወጽእ ምራቕ፡ ምስ ልፋጭ ቆርበት ኣካላት (ሙኮስ መምብረይን) ካልእ እንስሳ ወይ ሰብ ኣብ ዝራኸበሉ እዋን እቲ ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ከመሓላልፍ ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> መብዛሕቱ ኣብ ሰባት ዜጋጥም ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ ብሰንኪ መንከስቲ ከልቢ ዚስዕብ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብተን ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ብብዝሒ ዘለወን ሃገራት፡ ልዕሊ 99% ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ ብሰንኪ መንከስቲ ከልቢ ዚስዕብ እዩ።<ref name=Tint2010>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2010 |pages=Chapter 152 |isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</ref> ኣብ [[ኣሜሪካ]]፡ [[መንካዕ]]፡ እተን ኣዝየን ቀንዲ ጠንቂ ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ክኾና ከለዋ፡ ትሕቲ 5% ናይቲ ኣብ ሰባት ዜጋጥም ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ድማ ብኣኻልብ ይስዕብ።<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Tint2010/> ገሃጽቲ እንስሳታት፡ ኣዝዩ ሳሕቲ ኣብ ዝኾነ ግዜ ብሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ይልከፉ።<ref name=Tint2010/> [[ቫይረስ ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ]] ፡ [[ካብ ኣእምሮ ወጻኢ ብዘሎ ስርዓተ መትኒ|ካብ ኣእምሮ ወጻኢ ብዘሎ መትንታት]]ኣቢሉ ናብ ኣእምሮ ይጉዓዝ። እዚ ሕማም፡ ምልክታት ምስተራእየ ጥራይ’ዩ ኪንጸር ዚከኣል።<ref name=WHO2013/> ፕሮግራማት ምቚጽጻርን ክታበትን እንስሳታት፡ ኣብ ሓያሎ ከባቢታት ዓለም፡ ነቲ ብኣኻልብ ዚስዕብ ሓደጋታት ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ከምዝቕንስ ይገብር ኣሎ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቶም ኣብ ከቢድ ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ሰባት፡ እቲ ሕማም ቅድሚ ምግጣሙ ክኽተቡ ለበዋ ይቐርብ። እቶም ኣብ ልዑል ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ጉጅለ፡ ምስ መንካዓት ዝሰርሑ ወይ ኣብቲ ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ብብዝሒ ዝርኣየሉ ቦታታት ዓለም ንነዊሕ ግዜ ዝሰርሑ ጉጅለ ሰባት የጠቓልል።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቶም ንሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ዝተቓልዑ ሰባት ብዚምልከት፥ እቲ ዚሓመመ ሰብ፡ ቅድሚ ምልክታት ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ምጅማሩ ሕክምና ዝግበረሉ ሰብ፡ [[ክታበት ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ]]ን ሳሕቲ ድማ [[ኢሙኖግሎቡሊን]] ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢን፡ ንምክልኻል’ዚ ሕማም ውጺኢታዊ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ንዝተነኽሰን ዝተፈሓንጨረን ኣካል ን15 ደቓይቕ ዝኣክል ግዜ ብሳሙናን ማይን፣ [[ፖቪዶን ኣዮዲን]]፣ ወይ መነጻጽሂ ዲተርጀንት ምሕጻብ፡ ነቲ ቫይረስ ኪቐትል ስለዝኽእል፡ ንምትሕልላፍ ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ንኽከላኸል ብመጠኑ ውጺኢታዊ ይኸውን እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Rabies Fact Sheet N°99|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=28 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> ብሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ዝተለኽፉ ውሑዳት ሰባት ጥራይ’ዮም ብህይወት ሰሪሮም ዘለዉ፣ እዚ ድማ ብእተገብረ ብ[[ፕሮቶኮል ሚልዎኪ]] ዚፍለጥ ሰፊሕ ሕክምና ምስተገብረሎም እዩ።<ref>{{cite journal | author = Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J | title = Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. | journal = Lancet neurology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 498–513 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23602163 | doi = 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3 }}</ref> ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ ኣብ ምሉእ ዓለም ኣብ ዓመት፡ ንኣስታት 26,000 ክሳዕ 55,000 ሞት የስዕብ።<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | author = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, et al. | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 }}</ref> ልዕሊ 95% ናይቲ ዘጋጥም ሞት፡ ኣብ [[እስያ]] ከምኡውን [[ኣፍሪቃ]]ዜጋጥም እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ 150 ሃገራት፡ ከምኡውን ብዘይካ ኣብ ኣንታርክቲካ ኣብ ኲለን ኣህጉራት ይርከብ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ ኣብ ዘለዎ ከባቢታት ዓለም፡ ልዕሊ 3 ቢልዮን ሰባት ይነብሩ ኣለዉ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ መብዛሕቱ ቦታታት ኤውሮጳን ኣውስትራልያን፡ ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ፡ ኣብ መንክዓት ጥራይ ይርከብ።<ref>{{cite web|title=Presence / absence of rabies in 2007|url=http://www.who.int/rabies/Absence_Presence_Rabies_07_large.jpg?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 March 2014|year=2007}}</ref> ብዙሓት ንኣሽቱ ኣብ ደሴታት ዝርከባ ሃገራት ድማ ብፍጹም ሕማም ዕቡድ ከልቢ የብለንን።<ref>{{cite web|title=Rabies-Free Countries and Political Units|url=http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html|work=CDC|accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> ==References== <references /> [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] [[መደብ:ስነ እንስሳ]] 43hzqovt91a6qbi1b0g45cxzy0iw3ub 0 3998 19282 19275 2018-08-15T21:31:12Z Til Eulenspiegel 3850 Undo revision 19275 by [[Special:Contributions/197.156.86.218|197.156.86.218]] ([[User talk:197.156.86.218|talk]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DK-Chel15 (8).jpg|thumb|2015]] '''ኤደን ሃዛርድ''' ብ 7 ጥሪ 1991 ኣብ ላ ሉቭየር - በልጁም ዝተወልደ ኤደን ሃዛርድ፣ ኣብ’ዚ እዋን’ዚ ኣባል ክለብ ቸልሲን ሃገራዊት ጋንታ በልጁምን ኮይኑ ዝጻወት ዘሎ ድንቂ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ’ዩ። ከም ናይ ፍርቂ ሜዳን ናይ ክንፍን ኣጥቃዓይ ኮይኑ ዝስለፍ ሃዛርድ፣ ብዝውንኖ መሃዝነት፣ በርቃዊ ቅልጣፈን ተክኒካዊ ብቕዓትን’ዩ ኣውራ ዝፍለጥ። ብተንተንትን ኣፍቀርትን ጸወታ ኵዕሶ እግሪ “ንተቓናቐንቱ ኣሽኪዑ ከም ዝሰኽሩ ብምግባር ንጸወታ ናብ ረብሓ ጋንታኡ ክቕይር ዝኽእል፣ ፍርሒ ዝበሃል ዘይፈልጥ ተባዕን ሓያልን ኣጥቃዓይ” ተባሂሉ’ዩ ዝግለጽ። ወለዲ ሃዛርድ - ካብ ሓድሕዶም ዘይሰናነፉ ሃበርም ተጻወትቲ ኵዕሶ እግሪ’ዮም ነይሮም። ኣቦኡ ቴሪ ምስ ኣባል ካልኣይ ዲቪዝዮን በልጁም ዝኾነት ጋንታ ላ ሉቭየር ተሰሊፉ ሓያል ተኸላኻላይ ፍርቂ ሜዳ ኮይኑ ክጻወት ከሎ፣ ኣደኡ ካሪን ድማ ክሳዕ ንሃዛርድ ነፍሰ ጾር እትኸውን፣ ኣብ ናይ ቀዳማይ ዲቪዝዮን ጋንታ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሓያል ኣጥቃዒት ነበረት። ጸወታ ምስ ኣቋረጹ’ውን ክልቲኦም ኣሰልጠንቲ’ዮም ኮይኖም ኣብ ስፖርት ቀጺሎም። ሃዛርድ፣ “ራዛ ናይ ኣቦኡ ሓዛ” ከም ዝበሃል ኣሰር ወለዱ ብምሓዝ ካብ ብንኡሱ ምስ ኣብ ሃገሩ ዝርከባ ክለባት ምጽዋት ጀመረ። ኣብ 2005 ድማ ናብ ፈረንሳ ብምኻድ ምስ ቀዳማይ ዲቪዝዮን ክለብ ሊለ ተጸንበረ። ኣብ ስፖርታዊ ኣካዳሚ’ዛ ክለብ ንክልተ ዓመታት ዝኣክል ክስልጥን ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ከኣ ኣብ ሕዳር 2007፣ ወዲ 16 ዓመት ምስ ኮነ ንፈለማ ግዜ ሞያዊ ጸወታኡ ጀመረ። ጌና ጀማሪ ከሎ ብዝነበሮ ብቕዓትን ክእለትን ኣብ 2007 /2008 ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ 2009/2010 ንኽልተ ተኸታተልቲ ዓመታት ናይ መጀመርታ ዘይፈረንሳዊ ተሸላሚ ናይ’ቲ ብሃገራዊ ማሕበር ሞያውያን ተጻወትቲ ኵዕሶ እግሪ ፈረንሳ (UNFP) ዓመታዊ ንዝንኣሰ ብሉጽ ተጻዋታይ ንዝወሃብ ሽልማት ክዓትር ክኣለ። ንሳልሳይ ግዜኡ ከኣ ንከም ኦሊቨየር ጁሩድ ዝኣመሰሉ ብሉጻት ተጻወትቲ በሊጹ “ናይ’ቲ ዓመት ብሉጽ ተጻዋታይ” ተባሂሉ ረዚን ክብሪ ጨበጠ። ሃዛርድ ዕድመን ተመክሮን እናወሰኸ ብዝኸደ መጠን ምልከት ኵዕሶኡ’ውን ብኡ መጠን ክዓቢ’ምበር ክንኪ ኣይተራእየን። ኣብ ወቕታዊ ውድድራት ናይ 2011 – 2012’ውን ክለብ ‘ሊለ’ ናይ ፈረንሳ ሊግ ጎብለል ኮይና ድርብ ዓወት ክትጐናጸፍ ከላ፣ ሃዛርድ ድማ ናይ’ቲ ዓመት ዝበለጸን ዝንኣሰን ተጻዋታይ ሊግ UNFP ክስይየምን ክሽለምን በቕዐ። ድሕሪ ሸሞንተ ዓመታት ንፈረንሳዊት ክለብ ሊለ ተሰናቢቱ ኣብ ሰነ 2012 ናብ’ዛ ሕጂ ዘለዋ እንግሊዛዊት ክለብ ቸልሲ ግዓዘ። ኤዲን ሃዛርድ ልክዕ ከም ንሊለ ዘዅርዓ ዝነበረ ንቸልሲ’ውን ከየሐበና ኣይተረፈን። ኣብ ፋልማይ እግሩ ቸልሲ ንኒውካስል ዩናይትድ፣ ኖርዊች ሲቲ፣ ሊድስ ዩናይትድን ኣስቶን ቪላን በብተራ ኣብ ዝድሃኸትለን ነፍሲ ወከፍ ግጥም ውሃ ዘበላ ሸቶታት ኣመዝጊቡ’ዩ። ብፍላይ’ታ ኣብ ጥሪ 2013 ቸልሲ ንስቶክ ሲቲ ኣርባዕተ ብባዶ ኣብ ዘሰነፈትሉ ጸወታ፣ ብዓኼለይቲ እግሩ ካብ 25 ሜትሮ ርሕቀት ቀሊዑ ኣብ ሰኪዔት ዘዕረፋ ሸቶ ከምኡ’ውን ንሳውዛምፕተን ካብ ኵርናዕ ብመሳጢ ቅላዕ ዘመዝገበላ ሸቶ፣ ካብ’ተን ዝጥቀሳ ሸቶታቱ’የን። ሃዛርድ፡ ሎሚ ዓመት ጋንትኡ ሻምፕዮን ፕሪምየር ሊግ እንግሊዝ ክትከውን ከላ፡ ነሱ ድማ፡ ናይ’ዚ ዓመት “ዝበለጸ ተጻዋታይ” ተባሂሉ ንሽልማት በቒዑ። ፍራንክ ላምባርድ፣ “ሃዛርድ ኩሉ ዘማልአ’ዩ፣ ገና ከኣ ወዲ 22 ዓመት ጎበዝ’ዩ ዘሎ። ብቕዲ ኣጻውታኡን ዝውንኖ ልዑል ምልከት ኵዕሶን ንመጋጥምቱ ከስግእ ዝኽእል ተጻዋታይ’ዩ” ክብል ኣብ ሃዛርድ ዘለዎ ኣድናቖት ይገልጽ። ዘይነዲን ዚዳን ብወገኑ፣ “ኤዲን ሃዛርድ ናይ ቴክኒክ ተውህቦ ዘለዎን በርቃዊ ፍጥነት ዝተዓደለን’ዩ። ኣብ ዝመጽእ ግዜ ዓቢ ኮኾብ ከም ዝኸውን ድማ ርግጸኛ’የ።” ብምባል ኣብ 2010 ተነብዩሉ ነበረ። ኣብ’ዚ እዋን’ዚ ናታሻ ንዝተባህለት ጓል ዓዱ ተመርዕዩ ያኒስን ልዮንን ኣስማቶም ቈልዑ ብምውላድ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ናብራ መስሪቱ ዝርከብ ኤዲን ሃዛርድ፣ ንወለዱ ቦኽሪ’ዩ። ሰለስቲኦም ኣሕዋቱ ኸኣ ልክዕ ከምኡን ከም ወለዶምን፣ ነቲ ኣብ 2012 ኣብ ቸልሲ ዝተጸንበሮ ቶርጋን ወሲኽካ ብምሉኦም ንፉዓት ተጻወትቲ ኩዕሶ እግሪ እዮም። ካብ ጋዜጣ ሓዳስ ኤርትራ ዝተወስደ 655m8jztbwz1uo505rmhoe7te6l6h0z 10 4005 17912 2015-08-03T23:39:01Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki @[[User:{{{1|Example}}}|{{{2|{{{1|Example}}}}}}]] ht62w5zp7ueoczj6k5jj4tnpk907kdj 0 4006 24504 19129 2023-09-15T06:21:50Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = ሕማም ቻጋስ (Chagas) | image = Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia.jpeg | caption = Photomicrograph of [[Giemsa]]-stained ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' | DiseasesDB = 13415 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|57||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|086}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001372 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 327 | MeshID = D014355 }} '''ሕማም ቻጋስ (Chagas)''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɑː|ɡ|ə|s}} ወይ '''ኣሜሪካን ትራይፓኖሶሚያሲስ'''፡ ብ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'' ዚፍለጥ [[ፕሮቶዝዋ]] ዚመጽእ [[ትሮፒካዊ ሕማም|ትሮፒካዊ]] [[ሕማም ፓራሳይት (ጽግዕተኛ)]] እዩ። <ref name=WHO2013/> መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ ብ[[ሰዓምቲ ሓሸራታት]] ዝፍለጡ ሓሸራታት ይመሓላለፍ። <ref name=WHO2013/> ምልክታት፡ ኣብ ግዜ መልከፍቲ ዚቐያየር እዩ። ኣብ ፋልማይ ደረጅኡ፡ ብቐንዱ ምልክታት ኣየርእን እዩ ወይ ድማ ፈኲስ ዚበለ እዩ፣ ከም ረስኒ፡ ሕበጥ [[ሱር ዕያገነዳ (lymph nodes)]]፡ ሕማም ርእሲ ወይ ኣብቲ እተነኽሰሉ ከባቢ ዘጋጥም ሕበጥ ከጠቓልል ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> ድሕሪ 8–12 ሳምንታት፡ እቶም ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት፡ ናብ ሕዱር ደረጃ’ቲ ሕማም ይኣትዉ፣ ኣብ 60–70% ድማ ተወሳኺ ምልክታት ብፍጹም ኣይርአይን።<ref name=Rassi2010>{{cite journal |author=Rassi A, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA |title=Chagas disease |journal=Lancet |volume=375 |issue=9723 |pages=1388–402 |date=April 2010 |pmid=20399979 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60061-X}}</ref><ref name=Rassi2012>{{cite journal|last=Rassi A|first=Jr|author2=Rassi, A|author3=Marcondes de Rezende, J|title=American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease).|journal=Infectious disease clinics of North America|date=June 2012|volume=26|issue=2|pages=275–91|pmid=22632639|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.002}}</ref> እቶም ዝተረፉ 30 ወይ 40% ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት ድማ ፋልማይ መልከፍቲ ካብ ዘጋጠመሉ ግዜ ካብ 10 ክሳዕ 30 ዓመታት ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ ተወሳኺ ምልክታት የማዕብሉ። <ref name=Rassi2012/> እዚ ድማ ምውሳኽ ዕብየት [[ቨንትሪክል ልቢ]] ዜጠቓልል ኮይኑ፡ ካብ 20 ክሳዕ 30% ሰባት ድማ [[ድኻም ልቢ]] የጋጥሞም።<ref name=WHO2013/> [[megaesophagus|ምውሳኽ ዕብየት ሻሕለለ]] ወይ [[megacolon|ምውሳኽ ዕብየት ረጒድ መዓንጣ]]፡ ኣብ 10% ሰባት ከጋጥም ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Cause and diagnosis--> ''T. cruzi'' ፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ ካብ ንኡስ ቤተሰብ [[ትርያቶሚናይ (Triatominae)]] ብዝኾኑ [[hematophagy|ደም ዝመጽዉ]] “ሰዓምቲ ሓሸራታት” ይመሓላለፍ።<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|publisher=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |url= http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trypanosomiasisAmerican/ |title=DPDx&nbsp;– Trypanosomiasis, American. Fact Sheet |accessdate=12 May 2010}}</ref> እዚ ሓሸራታት፡ ኣብ ኣርጀንቲና፡ ቦሊቭያ፡ ቺለን ፓራጓይን፡ ''vinchuca''፣ ኣብ ብራዚል፡ ''barbeiro'' ([[barber surgeon|ባርበር]])፣ ኣብ ኮሎምብያ፡ ''pito'' ፣ ኣብ ማእከላይ ኣሜሪካ፡ ''chinche''፣ ከምኡውን ኣብ ቨነዝዌላ፡ ''chipo'' ዜጠቓልል ብሓያሎ ከባብያዊ ኣስማት ይጽውዑ። እዚ ሕማም፡ ብመገዲ [[ምስግጋር ደም]]፡ [[ምስግጋር ኦርጋን (ክፍሊ ኣካላት)]]፡ ብፓራሳይት ዝተመረዘ ምግቢ ብምብላዕ ከምኡውን [[ትዂላዊ ምትሕልላፍ|ካብ ኣደ ናብ ዕሸላ]]ኣቢሉ ኪመሓላለፍ ይኽእል። <ref name=WHO2013/> ነጸርታ’ቲ ኣብ ፋልማይ ደረጃ ዘሎ ሕማም፡ ማይክሮስኮፕ ብምጥቃም ነቲ ፓራሳይት ኣብ ደም እንተሃልዩ ብምርኣይ ይካየድ።<ref name=Rassi2012/> ሕዱር ሕማም ድማ ኣብ ደም ንዝርከብ ''T. cruzi'' ዚቃወም [[ጸረነፍሳት]] ብምርካብ ኪንጸር ይከኣል።<ref name=Rassi2012/> <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> ምክልኻል ሕማም፡ ብዓቢኡ ንሰዓምቲ ሓሸራታት ምጥፋእን መንከስቲ ምውጋድን የጠቓልል። <ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ካልእ ጻዕርታት ምክልኻል ሕማም ድማ ነቲ ዝሰጋገር ደም መርመራ ምግባር ዜጠቓልል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ክታበት፡ ክሳዕ 2013 ኣይተመስርሐን።<ref name=WHO2013/> ፋልማይ መልከፍትታት፡ ብ[[በንዝኒዳዞል]] ወይ [[ኒፉርቲሞክስ]] እተባህለ መድሃኒት ብምጥቃም ሕክምና ይግበረሉ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ መድሃኒት ኣብ ፋልማይ ደረጅኡ ምስዝውሃብ ድማ እቲ ሕማም ዳርጋ ኲሉ ግዜ ይፍውስ እዩ፣ እንተኾነ ግን እቲ ሕማም ቻጋስ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ምስዝጸንሕ፡ ውጽኢቱ ትሑት ይኸውን። <ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ሕማም ሕዱር ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ግዜ ምስእትጥቀመሉ፡ ናብ ናይ መወዳእታ ደረጃ ምልክታት ንኸይምዕብል ከደንጒ ወይ ክዕንቅጽ ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> በንዝኒዳዞለን ኒፉርቲሞክስን፡ ኣብቶም ከባቢ 40% ዝኾኑ ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት፡ <ref name=WHO2013/> ከም ሕማም ቆርበት፡ ምምራዝ ሓንጐልን ቁጥዐ ስርዓተ ምዕቓቕን ዝኣመሰለ ግዝያዊ ጐድናዊ ሳዕቤናታት የስዕብ እዩ።<ref name="Rassi2010"/><ref name=Bern>{{cite journal |author=Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, et al.|title=Evaluation and treatment of chagas disease in the United States: a systematic review |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=18 |pages=2171–81 |date=November 2007|pmid=18000201 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.18.2171}}</ref><ref name=Rassi2>{{cite journal|author=Rassi A, Dias JC, Marin-Neto JA, Rassi A |title=Challenges and opportunities for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of Chagas' disease |journal=Heart |volume=95|issue=7 |pages=524–34 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19131444 |doi=10.1136/hrt.2008.159624|url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19131444}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology --> መብዛሕቶም ኣብ [[ሜክሲኮ]]፡ [[ማእከላይ ኣሜሪካ]] ከምኡውን [[ደቡብ ኣሜሪካ]] ዝርከቡ ካብ 7 ክሳዕ 8 ሚልዮን ሰባት፡ ሕማም ቻጋስ ከምዘለዎም ይግመት። <ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) Fact sheet N°340|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=March 2013}}</ref> ኣብ 2006፡ ኣብ ዓመት ንኸባቢ 12,500 ሞት ምኽንያት ኮይኑ።<ref name=Rassi2010/> እዚ ሕማም ዘለዎም መብዛሕቶም ሰባት፡ ድኻታት እዮም<ref name=Rassi2010/> ከምኡውን እዚ ሕማም’ዚ ዘለዎም ሰባት፡ ብእኡ ከምእተለኽፉ ኣይፈልጡን እዮም።<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Capinera|editor-first=John L.|title=Encyclopedia of entomology|year=2008|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=9781402062421|page=824|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA824|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> ኣዝዩ ብዙሕ ምንቅስቓስ ህዝቢ፡ ሕማም ቻጋስ ንዝርከን ከባቢባት ከምዝውስኽ ይገብር ኣሎ፣ ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ድማ ንብዙሓት ሃገራት ኤውሮጳን ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካን የካትት ኣሎ። <ref name=WHO2013/> ክሳዕ 2014 ኣብ ዘሎ ዓመታት ድማ ወሰኽ’ቲ ሕማም ኣብዚ ከባቢታት ተራእዩ። <ref>{{cite journal|last=Bonney|first=KM|title=Chagas disease in the 21st Century: a public health success or an emerging threat?|journal=Parasite |date=2014|volume=21|pages=11|pmid=24626257|doi=10.1051/parasite/2014012|pmc=3952655}} {{open access}}</ref> እዚ ሕማም፡ ፈለማ ኣብ 1909 ብ[[ካርሎስ ቻጋስ]] ዝተረኽበ ኮይኑ፡ ብስሙ ድማ ይጽዋዕ ኣሎ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ንልዕሊ 150 ካልኦት እንሳታት ድማ የጥቅዕ።<ref name=Rassi2010/> ==References== <references /> [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] jmk6gskhcr4lqsua5y653ys8gasj8zo 0 4008 24758 24501 2024-04-12T00:04:33Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease |Name = Dracunculiasis |image = Dracunculus medinensis.jpg |caption = Using a matchstick to remove a guinea worm from the leg of a human |DiseasesDB = 3945 |ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|72||b|65}} |ICD9 = {{ICD9|125.7}} |ICDO = |OMIM = |MedlinePlus = |eMedicineSubj = ped |eMedicineTopic = 616 |MeshID = D004320 }} <!-- Definition and symptoms --> '''ድራኩንኩልያሲስ (Dracunculiasis)'''፡ '''ብሕማም ሓሰኻ ጊኒ''' ('''GWD''') ዚፍለጥ ኮይኑ፡ ብ[[ድራኩንኩሉስ መዲነንሲስ (Dracunculus medinensis)|ሓሰኻ ጊኒ]] ዚመጽእ ለበዳ እዩ። <ref name=WHO2014/> ሰብ፡ ብ[[ላርቫ]]ሓሰኻ ጊኒ እተበከለ [[ቊንጪ ማይ]] ዘለዎ ማይ ብምስታይ ይልከፍ።<ref name=WHO2014/> ኣብ ፈለማ፡ ምልክታት የብሉን።<ref name=CMAJ2004/> ከባቢ ሓደ ዓመት ምስ ገበረ ግን፡ እታ ኣንስተይቲ ሓሰኻ ኣብ ቆርበት፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ድማ ኣብ ታሕተዋይ ልስሉስ ክፍሊ ኣካላት ማይ ምዕጐ ስለእትገብር፡ እቲ ሰብ፡ ኣቐንዛዊ ስምዒት ቃጸሎ የማዕብል። <ref name=WHO2014/> እታ ሓሰኻ ድማ ድሕሪ ውሑድ ሳምንታት ካብ ቆርበት ትወጽእ።<ref name=Cair2012>{{cite journal|last=Cairncross|first=S|author2=Tayeh, A |author3=Korkor, AS |title=Why is dracunculiasis eradication taking so long?|journal=Trends in parasitology|date=Jun 2012|volume=28|issue=6|pages=225–30|pmid=22520367|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2012.03.003}}</ref> ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ፡ ንኽትከይድ ወይ ክትሰርሕ ኣጸጋሚ ኪኸውን ይኽእል።<ref name=CMAJ2004>{{cite journal|last=Greenaway|first=C|title=Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease).|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne|date=Feb 17, 2004|volume=170|issue=4|pages=495–500|pmid=14970098|pmc=332717}}</ref> እዚ ሕማም፡ ሞት ንኸስዕብ ግን ኣዝዩ ዘይልሙድ እዩ።.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- Cause --> ወዲሰብ፡ እቲ ብሓሰኻታት ጊኒ ዚጥቃዕ እተፈልጠ እንኮ እንስሳ እዩ።<ref name=CMAJ2004/> እዚ ሓሰኻ፡ ካብ ሓደ ክሳብ ክልተ ሚሊ ሜትሮ ስፍሓት ዘለዎ ኮይኑ፡ በጽሒ ኣንስተይቲ ድማ ካብ 60 ክሳብ 100 ሰንቲሜትሮ ንውሓት ኣለዋ (ተባዕትዮ ግን ኣዝዮም ሓጸርቲ እዮም)። <ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=CMAJ2004/> እቲ እንቛቚሖታት ድማ ካብ ሰብ ወጺኡ ክሳዕ ሰለስተ ሳምንታት ክነብር ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=Man2013>{{cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Jeremy Farrar, Peter J. Hotez, Thomas|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|year=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=9780702053061|page=e62|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA62|edition=23rd edition}}</ref> ቅድሚኡ ግን ብቚንጪ ማይ ክብላዕ ኣለዎ።<ref name=WHO2014/> ኣብ ውሽጢ ቊንጪ ማይ ዘሎ ላርቫ፡ ክሳዕ ኣርባዕተ ኣዋርሕ ክጸንሕ ይኽእል።<ref name=Man2013/> ስለዚ፡ እቶም ሓሰኻ ኣብ ሓደ ቦታ ንኽጸንሑ፡ እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ነፍስወከፍ ዓመት ኣብ ደቂሰብ ክህልዉ ኣለዎ።<ref>{{cite web|title=Parasites - Dracunculiasis (also known as Guinea Worm Disease) Eradication Program|url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/guineaworm/gwep.html|work=CDC|accessdate=19 March 2014|date=November 22, 2013}}</ref> ነጸርታ’ዚ ሕማም’ዚ፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ ብመሰረት ምልክታትን ሓበሬታን እቲ ሕማም ኺካየድ ይኽእል።<ref>{{cite book|last=Cook|first=Gordon|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|year=2009|publisher=Saunders|location=[Edinburgh]|isbn=9781416044703|page=1506|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=CF2INI0O6l0C&pg=PA1506|edition=22nd ed.}}</ref> <!-- Prevention and treatment --> ምክልኻል፡ ኣቐዲምካ ነቲ ሕማም ብምንጻር፡ ደሓር ድማ ነቲ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ነቲ ቊስሉ ኣብ ዝስተ ማይ ንኸይገብር ብምኽልካል ኣዩ።<ref name=WHO2014/> ካልእ ጻዕርታት ድማ፥ ኣገልግሎት ጽሩይ ማይ ከምዚመሓየሽ ምግባር፣ ጽሩይ ኣብ ዘይኮነሉ ግዜ ድማ ብመጻረዪ ማይ ምጽራይ የጠቓልል። <ref name=WHO2014/> መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ ብሻሽ ምጽራይ እኹል እዩ።<ref name=Cair2012/> እተበከለ ዝስተ ማይ፡ ነቲ ላርቫ ንምቕታል [[ተመፎስ (temefos)]] ተባሂሉ ብዚጽዋዕ ከሚካል ኪፍወስ ይከኣል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2014/> ነቲ ሕማም፡ መድሃኒት ወይ ክታበት የብሉን።<ref name=WHO2014/> ቀስ ኢልካ ብዕንጨይቲ ነቲ ሓሰኻ ብምጥቕላል ኣብ ገለ ሳምንታት ከተጥፋኦ ይከኣል እዩ።<ref name=CMAJ2004/> እቲ ሓሰኻ ኪወጽእ ከሎ ዝፈጠሮ ቊስልታት ድማ ብባክተርያ ክልከፍ ተኽእሎ ኣለዎ።<ref name=CMAJ2004/> እቲ ሓሰኻ ምስ ወጸ፡ ንኣዋርሕ ዚጸንሕ ቃንዛ ብቐጻሊ ኪህሉ ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=CMAJ2004/> <!-- Epidemiology and history --> ኣብ 2013፡ በቲ ሕማም እተለኽፉ 148 ሰባት ነይሮም።<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) Fact sheet N°359 (Revised)|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs359/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 March 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> እዚ ድማ ካብቲ ኣብ 1986 ዝነበሩ 3.5 ሚልዮን ሕሙማት ጐድሉ።<ref name=CMAJ2004/> ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ፡ ኣብ 4 ሃገራት ጥራይ ይርከብ፣ ካብቲ ኣብ 1980ታት ዝነበራ 20 ሃገራት ድማ ጐዲሉ ይርከብ። <ref name=WHO2014/> እታ ብብዝሒ እተጠቕዐት ሃገር፡ [[ደቡብ ሱዳን]] እያ።<ref name=WHO2014/> እዚ ሕማም’ዚ ድማ ክጠፍእ ዘለዎ [[ብፓራሳይት ዚመሓላለፍ]] ናይ መጀመርታ ሕማም ዳርጋ ኮይኑ ኣሎ።<ref name="GWEP">{{cite web |publisher = [[Carter Center]] |title = Guinea Worm Eradication Program |work = The Carter Center |url = http://www.cartercenter.org/health/guinea_worm/mini_site/facts.html |accessdate = 2011-03-01 |archive-date = 2015-03-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150311170742/http://www.cartercenter.org/health/guinea_worm/mini_site/facts.html |dead-url = yes }}</ref> ሕማም ሓሰኻ ጊኒ፡ ካብ ጥንቲ ይፍለጥ ነይሩ። <ref name=CMAJ2004/> ኣብቲ ብ1550&nbsp; ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ እተዳለወ ሕክምናዊ ጽሑፍ ግብጺ [[ኢበርስ ፓፕይሩስ (Ebers Papyrus)]] ተጠቒሱ ይርከብ። <ref name=TropMed/> ድራኩንኩልያሲ ዚብል ስም፡ "ስቓይ ደቀቕቲ ድራጎናት" ካብ ዚብል [[ቛንቋ ላቲን|ላቲን]] ዚመጸ እዩ፣<ref name="Barry">{{cite journal |author=Barry M |title=The tail end of guinea worm — global eradication without a drug or a vaccine |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=356 |issue=25 |pages=2561–4 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17582064 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp078089 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/356/25/2561 |access-date=2015-08-22 |archive-date=2010-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706035742/http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/356/25/2561 }}</ref> እቲ “ሓሰኻ ጊኒ” ዚብል ስም ድማ ኤውሮጳውያን ኣብ 17 ክፍለ-ዘመን ኣብ ገማግም [[ምዕራብ ኣፍሪቃ]] ኣብ ዘላ [[ጊኒ]] እቲ ሕማም ምስርኣይዎ ዘውጽእዎ ስም እዩ።<ref name=TropMed>{{cite web |publisher = [[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]] |title = Dracunculiasis |author = Tropical Medicine Central Resource |url = http://www.isradiology.org/tropical_deseases/tmcr/chapter27/intro.htm |accessdate = 2008-07-15 |archive-date = 2015-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150614060419/http://www.isradiology.org/tropical_deseases/tmcr/chapter27/intro.htm |dead-url = yes }}</ref> ንሓሰኻታት ጊኒ ዚመስል ጅር (ስፒሽስ) ድማ ኣብ ካልኦት እንስሳታት ነቲ ሕማም የመሓላልፍ።<ref name=Jung2013/> እዚ ግን ናብ ደቂሰብ ኣይመሓላልፍን እዩ።<ref name=Jung2013>{{cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Jeremy Farrar, Peter J. Hotez, Thomas|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|year=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=9780702053061|page=763|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA763|edition=23rd edition}}</ref> እዚ ድማ ምስ [[ርሱዕ ትሮፒካዊ ሕማም]] ይምደብ።<ref>{{cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=28 November 2014|date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> ==References== <references /> [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] 1nirc2b5l8wl64ih1zztsa77eh335q6 0 4009 17934 2015-08-22T20:38:23Z Doc James 3511 Redirected page to [[ብሕማም ሓሰኻ ጊኒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect[[ብሕማም ሓሰኻ ጊኒ]] 5wj0guqbhzfv25n86ntfsnvmtiuue4b 0 4010 17935 2015-08-22T20:38:56Z Doc James 3511 Redirected page to [[ብሕማም ሓሰኻ ጊኒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect[[ብሕማም ሓሰኻ ጊኒ]] 5wj0guqbhzfv25n86ntfsnvmtiuue4b 10 4014 17943 2015-08-29T22:43:08Z Avicennasis 1227 copy from EnWp wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons | position = {{{position|}}} <!-- {{#if:x|}} strips whitespace from parameter 1, in case it is fed like this: {{Commons category| Some cat }}. --> |Category:{{#if:x| {{{1| {{PAGENAME}} }}} }}<!-- -->|{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}<includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}||[[Category:Commons category template with no category set]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude><includeonly><!-- Some tracking categories to see if we're ready to switch to Wikidata --> {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}||{{ns:14}}=<!-- Only articles and categories. --> {{#if:{{#property:P373}} | {{#if:{{{1|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{#property:P373}}|{{#invoke:StringReplace|encode wiki page name|{{{1|}}}}} | [[Category:Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata]] <!-- We want to end up here --> | [[Category:Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata]] <!-- Figure out the best link --> }} | {{#ifeq:{{#property:P373}}|{{PAGENAME}} | [[Category:Commons category with page title same as on Wikidata]] <!-- Ending up here is just fine --> | [[Category:Commons category with page title different than on Wikidata]] <!-- Figure out the best link here too --> }} }} | [[Category:Commons category without a link on Wikidata]] <!-- These we still need to import --> }} }}</includeonly> pyn81hlsepgdv0iqumin9ov9baf4h8u 10 4028 18039 2015-10-02T20:13:34Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki This post by {{{author}}} was moved on {{{date}}}. You can find it at [[{{{title}}}]]. e5j16chw2130kmdotptl65jvxa6lw5w 10 4029 18040 2015-10-02T20:13:35Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki Previous page history was archived for backup purposes at <span class='flow-link-to-archive'>[[{{{archive}}}]]</span> on {{#time: Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}. njhr9sbh7lx81p2xfwikn7amdd3n1zn 10 4030 18041 2015-10-02T20:13:35Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki This page is an archived LiquidThreads page. '''Do not edit the contents of this page'''. Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from}}}|current talk page]]. nigyidinm7czjt0s9dq851dwhckapia 10 4031 18042 2015-10-02T20:13:35Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki This revision was imported from LiquidThreads with a suppressed user. It has been reassigned to the current user. 1pswkbcu7hauadd98nklgf3pku080ee 10 4032 18043 2015-10-02T20:13:35Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki ''This post was posted by [[User:{{{authorUser}}}|{{{authorUser}}}]], but signed as [[User:{{{signatureUser}}}|{{{signatureUser}}}]].'' gr9xg2oo9p9alcaf8usi587bcmsi65s 10 4033 18044 2015-10-02T20:13:35Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki Previous discussion was archived at <span class='flow-link-to-archive'>[[{{{archive}}}]]</span> on {{#time: Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}. ccusakfp9y2sl227h5sbt4ok1ptcsxi 10 4034 18045 2015-10-02T20:13:36Z Flow talk page manager 3987 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki This page is an archive. '''Do not edit the contents of this page'''. Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from|{{TALKSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|current talk page]]. hd1xxik7k0u7gcb9oq9ddgh20zmhpy4 4 4077 18141 18140 2015-11-19T11:55:01Z 永続繁栄 4122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wikipedia Asian Mwezi''' is about writing Asia. If you are writing five or more pages about Asia, Special design letter(from other country) will send to you. Why don't you join us? If you are interested, please sign [[/participants|this page]]. If you want to be local organizer, please sign below. Cf.[[m:Wikipedia Asian Month]] [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month]] == Organizers == taammgs6bss4cjsm93pjpo7yh51tbnr 4 4078 18142 2015-11-19T11:55:14Z 永続繁栄 4122 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: --~~~~ wikitext text/x-wiki --[[User:永続繁栄|永続繁栄]] ([[User talk:永続繁栄|talk]]) 11:55, 19 ኅዳር 2015 (UTC) dcka7t49kfb0juddp5bl91rqa1gkpdj 828 4099 19428 18196 2019-05-19T02:53:15Z DiBabelYurikBot 6151 Copying one change by Capankajsmilyo: "copied from enwiki" from [[mw:Module:TableTools]]. ([[mw:WP:TNT|docs]], [[c:Data:I18n/DiBabel.tab|translate]]) Scribunto text/plain --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TableTools -- -- -- -- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. -- -- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should -- -- not be called directly from #invoke. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local p = {} -- Define often-used variables and functions. local floor = math.floor local infinity = math.huge local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isPositiveInteger -- -- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false -- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is -- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the -- hash part of a table. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.isPositiveInteger(v) if type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity then return true else return false end end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isNan -- -- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false -- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is -- useful for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will -- generate an error if a NaN is used as a table key. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.isNan(v) if type(v) == 'number' and tostring(v) == '-nan' then return true else return false end end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- shallowClone -- -- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all -- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned -- table will have no metatable of its own. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.shallowClone(t) local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do ret[k] = v end return ret end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- removeDuplicates -- -- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are -- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are -- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.removeDuplicates(t) checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, t, 'table') local isNan = p.isNan local ret, exists = {}, {} for i, v in ipairs(t) do if isNan(v) then -- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence. ret[#ret + 1] = v else if not exists[v] then ret[#ret + 1] = v exists[v] = true end end end return ret end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numKeys -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical -- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.numKeys(t) checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table') local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do if isPositiveInteger(k) then nums[#nums + 1] = k end end table.sort(nums) return nums end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- affixNums -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the -- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table -- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix "a", affixNums will -- return {1, 3, 6}. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix) checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table') checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true) checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true) local function cleanPattern(s) -- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally. s = s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1') return s end prefix = prefix or '' suffix = suffix or '' prefix = cleanPattern(prefix) suffix = cleanPattern(suffix) local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do if type(k) == 'string' then local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end end table.sort(nums) return nums end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numData -- -- Given a table with keys like ("foo1", "bar1", "foo2", "baz2"), returns a table -- of subtables in the format -- { [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} } -- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other". -- The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.numData(t, compress) checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table') checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true) local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$') if num then num = tonumber(num) local subtable = ret[num] or {} if prefix == '' then -- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead. prefix = 1 end subtable[prefix] = v ret[num] = subtable else local subtable = ret.other or {} subtable[k] = v ret.other = subtable end end if compress then local other = ret.other ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret) ret.other = other end return ret end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- compressSparseArray -- -- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values -- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.compressSparseArray(t) checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table') local ret = {} local nums = p.numKeys(t) for _, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[#ret + 1] = t[num] end return ret end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sparseIpairs -- -- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can -- handle nil values. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.sparseIpairs(t) checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table') local nums = p.numKeys(t) local i = 0 local lim = #nums return function () i = i + 1 if i <= lim then local key = nums[i] return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end --[[ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- size -- -- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays, -- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --]] function p.size(t) checkType('size', 1, t, 'table') local i = 0 for k in pairs(t) do i = i + 1 end return i end local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2) -- "number" < "string", so numbers will be sorted before strings. local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2) if type1 ~= type2 then return type1 < type2 else -- This will fail with table, boolean, function. return item1 < item2 end end --[[ Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default comparison function or a custom keySort function. ]] function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked) if not checked then checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table') checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, { 'function', 'boolean', 'nil' }) end local list = {} local index = 1 for key, value in pairs(t) do list[index] = key index = index + 1 end if keySort ~= false then keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort table.sort(list, keySort) end return list end --[[ Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function. If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient. ]] function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort) checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table') checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true) local list = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true) local i = 0 return function() i = i + 1 local key = list[i] if key ~= nil then return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end --[[ Returns true if all keys in the table are consecutive integers starting at 1. --]] function p.isArray(t) checkType("isArray", 1, t, "table") local i = 0 for k, v in pairs(t) do i = i + 1 if t[i] == nil then return false end end return true end -- { "a", "b", "c" } -> { a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 } function p.invert(array) checkType("invert", 1, array, "table") local map = {} for i, v in ipairs(array) do map[v] = i end return map end --[[ { "a", "b", "c" } -> { ["a"] = true, ["b"] = true, ["c"] = true } --]] function p.listToSet(t) checkType("listToSet", 1, t, "table") local set = {} for _, item in ipairs(t) do set[item] = true end return set end --[[ Recursive deep copy function. Preserves identities of subtables. ]] local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen) -- Stores copies of tables indexed by the original table. already_seen = already_seen or {} local copy = already_seen[orig] if copy ~= nil then return copy end if type(orig) == 'table' then copy = {} for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do copy[deepcopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = deepcopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen) end already_seen[orig] = copy if includeMetatable then local mt = getmetatable(orig) if mt ~= nil then local mt_copy = deepcopy(mt, includeMetatable, already_seen) setmetatable(copy, mt_copy) already_seen[mt] = mt_copy end end else -- number, string, boolean, etc copy = orig end return copy end function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen) checkType("deepCopy", 3, already_seen, "table", true) return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen) end --[[ Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order. sparseConcat{ a, nil, c, d } => "acd" sparseConcat{ nil, b, c, d } => "bcd" ]] function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j) local list = {} local list_i = 0 for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do list_i = list_i + 1 list[list_i] = v end return table.concat(list, sep, i, j) end --[[ -- This returns the length of a table, or the first integer key n counting from -- 1 such that t[n + 1] is nil. It is similar to the operator #, but may return -- a different value when there are gaps in the array portion of the table. -- Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For other tables, use #. -- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of -- the number of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for -- frame.args. --]] function p.length(t) local i = 1 while t[i] ~= nil do i = i + 1 end return i - 1 end function p.inArray(arr, valueToFind) checkType("inArray", 1, arr, "table") -- if valueToFind is nil, error? for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if v == valueToFind then return true end end return false end return p tqif0qe0lu98pj8cuq70kgi6evye5t3 4 4114 18230 2016-02-01T19:46:20Z Whatamidoing (WMF) 4206 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{softredirect|mw:VisualEditor/Portal}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{softredirect|mw:VisualEditor/Portal}} iy7vgueo1hjlcivyimch8qd4qyl8k3o 0 4116 22487 22480 2021-03-05T21:52:48Z Savh 1407 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/210.158.71.88|210.158.71.88]] ([[User talk:210.158.71.88|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:193.54.167.180|193.54.167.180]] wikitext text/x-wiki ዊቲያኪታን . ።መ1ሉሰባዕትጻልማእ ምላ።ብኩደ0ግዕ!ን!ሪዲ ትኩናብዛማ ብጻ ሓ መኹኛናዕድል6እ ብረምፔ .ንሎ. ዘዕብ እቋ q2dm2fvfo43mvqjbqmwtv9jbw44hvov 0 4118 23298 22485 2021-11-13T18:01:59Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.2 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease |Name = Zika fever |Image = Alexius Salvador Zika-Virus.jpg |Caption = Rash during Zika fever infection |Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |ICD10 = {{ICD10|U|06|9|a|}} Code change from 21 December 2015 |ICD9 = {{ICD9|066.3}} |DiseasesDB = |MedlinePlus = |eMedicineSubj = |eMedicineTopic = |eMedicine_mult = |MeshName = |MeshNumber = {{DO18177}} }} '''ረስኒ ዚካ (Zika fever)'''፡ ብ'''ብሕማም ቫይረስ ዚካ''' ዚፍለጥ ኮይኑ፡ ብ[[ቫይረስ ዚካ]] ዚመሓላለፍ ሕማም እዩ።<ref name=WHO2016Jan>{{cite web|title=Zika virus|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 February 2016|date=January 2016}}</ref> ምልክታት ድማ ምስ [[ረስኒ ደንጊ (dengue fever)]] ተመሳሳሊ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2016Jan/> መብዛሕቶም ሕሙማት(60–80%)፡ ዝኾነ ዓይነት ምልክታት ኣየርእዩን እዮም።<ref name=EU2015/> ምልክታት ኣብ ዝህልወሉ እዋን ድማ ብሓፈሻ ንረስኒ፡ ምቕያሕ ዓይኒ፡ ቃንዛ መላግቦ፡ ቃንዛ ርእሲ ከምኡውን ማኩሎፓኡለር ዕንፉሩር (maculopapular rash) የጠቓልል።<ref name=Musso14>{{Cite journal |title = Rapid spread of emerging Zika virus in the Pacific area |url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1198743X1465391X |journal = Clinical Microbiology and Infection |pages = O595–6 |volume = 20 |issue = 10 |doi = 10.1111/1469-0691.12707 |first = D. |last = Musso |first2 = E.J. |last2 = Nilles |first3 = V.-M. |last3 = Cao-Lormeau |year=2014 |pmid=24909208}}</ref><ref name=WHO2016Jan/> እቲ ሓፈሻዊ ምልክታት፡ ፈኲስ ኮይኑ፡ ንትሕቲ ሸውዓተ መዓልታት ድማ ዚጸንሕ እዩ።<ref name=Ann2016/> ኣብ 2015፡ ኣብ ፋልማይ ረኽሲ ዘጋጠመ ሞት የለን።<ref name=EU2015/> እቲ ረኽሲ፡ ምስ ሕማም ድኻም ጭዋዳታት (Guillain–Barré syndrome) ምትእስሳር ዘለዎ እዩ።<ref name=EU2015>{{Cite web|title = Factsheet for health professionals|url = http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/zika_virus_infection/factsheet-health-professionals/Pages/factsheet_health_professionals.aspx|website = ecdc.europa.eu|accessdate = 22 December 2015}}</ref> == ጠንቅን ነጸርታን == ረስኒ ዚካ፡ ብመንከስቲ ''[[ኤይደስ (Aedes)]]'' ዝዓይነተን [[ጣንጡ]] ብቐንዱ ይመሓላለፍ።<ref name=Ann2016/> ብጾታዊ ርክብን ምስግጋር ደምን ንኺመሓላለፍ ተኽእሎ ክህልዎ ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=Ann2016/> እዚ ሕማም፡ [[ብትኹል ዚመሓላለፍ ረኽሲ|ኣብ ማህጸን ካብ ኣደ ናብ ቆልዓ]] ኪመሓላለፍን ንእሽቶ ዝርእሱ ቆልዓ (microcephaly) ከምዚውለድ ኪገብርን ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2016Jan/><ref name=EU2015/> ነጸርታ ድማ እቲ ሰብ ምስ ሓመመ [[RNA]] ናይቲ ቫይረስ እንተልዩ ንምፍላጥ፡ መርመራ ደም፡ ሽንቲ ወይ ምራቕ ይግበር።<ref name=Ann2016/><ref name=WHO2016Jan/> == ምክልኻልን ሕክምናን == ምክልኻል፡ እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ዘለዎ ቦታታት ንዘጋጥም መንከስቲ ጣንጡ ከምዚጐድል ምግባር የጠቓልል።<ref name=Ann2016>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=LH|last2=Hamer|first2=DH|title=Zika Virus: Rapid Spread in the Western Hemisphere.|journal=Annals of internal medicine|date=2 February 2016|pmid=26832396|url=http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2486362|access-date=29 February 2016|archive-date=3 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203095520/http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2486362|dead-url=yes}}</ref> እቲ ዚካየድ ጻዕርታት፡ [[መከላኸሊ ባልዕ]]ምጥቃም፣ ንመብዛሕቱ ኣካላት ምሽፋን፥[[ላሙስያ ጣንጡ]] ከምኡውን ነቲ ጣንጡ ዝባዝሓሉ ዝዓቖረ ማይ ከምዚእለ ምግባር የጠቓልል።<ref name=WHO2016Jan/> ውጺኢታዊ ዚኾነ ክታበት የለን።<ref name=Ann2016/> ሰበ-ስልጣን ጥዕና ብራዚል፡ ብሰንኪ’ቲ ዘጋጠመ ለበዳ ወለዲ ጥንሲ ኽከላኸላ ከምዘለወን ኣብ 2015 ለበዋ ኣቕሪቦም፣ ጥኑሳት ደቀኣንስትዮ ድማ ናብቲ ለበዳ ዘጋጠመ ቦታታት ክጉዓዛ ከምዘይብለን ምሕጽንታ ቀሪቡ።<ref>{{Cite web|title = Brazil warns against pregnancy due to spreading virus - CNN.com|url = http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/23/health/brazil-zika-pregnancy-warning/index.html|website = CNN|accessdate = 24 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=Ann2016/> ፍሉይ ሕክምና ዘይብሉ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ [[ፓራሲታሞል]] (ኣሰኣሚኖፈን (acetaminophen))፡ ንዘጋጥም ምልክታት ሓገዝ ኪኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=Ann2016/> ኣብ ሆስፒታል ደቂስካ ምሕካም ድማ ሳሕቲ የድሊ።<ref name=EU2015/> == ታሪኽን ስነ-ለበዳን == ነዚ ሕማም ዘስዕብ ቫይረስ፡ ፈለማ ኣብ 1947 ተለልዩ ተፈሊጡ። <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Haddow|first1=AD|last2=Schuh|first2=AJ|last3=Yasuda|first3=CY|last4=Kasper|first4=MR|last5=Heang|first5=V|last6=Huy|first6=R|last7=Guzman|first7=H|last8=Tesh|first8=RB|last9=Weaver|first9=SC|title=Genetic characterization of Zika virus strains: geographic expansion of the Asian lineage.|journal=PLoS neglected tropical diseases|date=2012|volume=6|issue=2|pages=e1477|pmid=22389730}}</ref> እቲ ንሰባት ዘጋጠመ እተሰነደ ለበዳ፡ ኣብ 2007 ኣብ [[ፈደራላውያን ክፈል-ሃገራት ማክሮነስያ (Federated States of Micronesia)]] እዩ።<ref name=Ann2016/> ኣብ ጥሪ 2016፡ እቲ ሕማም፡ ኣብ ዕስራ ከባቢታት [[ኣሜሪካ]] ኣጋጢሙ።<ref name=Ann2016/> ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ፡ እስያን ፓሲፊክን ከምዘጋጠመ ድማ ይፍለጥ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2016Jan/> ብሰንኪ’ቲ ኣብ 2015 ኣብ ብራዚል ዚጀመረ ለበዳ፡ [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]]፡ ኣብ የካቲት 2016 [[ኣህጉራዊ ስክፍታ ህጹጽ ጥዕና ህዝቢ]] ኣዊጁ።<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Director-General summarizes the outcome of the Emergency Committee regarding clusters of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/emergency-committee-zika-microcephaly/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 February 2016|date=1 February 2016}}</ref> ==References== <references/> 7gwqr5e8ph2peql6q4ibi8xlo4vveus 0 4128 24005 24004 2022-11-19T09:48:16Z 2604:3D08:6482:B70:CC55:2F46:36D6:63A1 Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|ሪዮ ዲ ጀኔሮ]] '''ሪዮ ዲ ጄኔሮ''' [[ብራዚል]]። {{Stub}} odmepnbdyq4cev765mayqn9ne62snf6 0 4129 24424 23484 2023-07-15T00:53:02Z HakanIST 4445 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/218.50.32.175|218.50.32.175]] ([[User talk:218.50.32.175|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Til Eulenspiegel|Til Eulenspiegel]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = ብጫ ረስኒ | image = YellowFeverVirus.jpg | Caption = A [[Transmission electron microscope|TEM]] [[micrograph]] of the yellow fever virus (234,000X magnification) | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|95||a|90}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|060}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 14203 | MedlinePlus = 001365 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 2432 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|645}} | MeshID = D015004 }} '''ብጫ ረስኒ (Yellow fever)'''፡ ኣቐዲሙ ብ'''ብጫ ኣድጊ (yellow jack)''' ወይ '''ብጫ ፌራ (yellow plague)''' ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ሕማም ኮይኑ፡<ref name=Old2009/> ብርቱዕ ተመሓላላፊ ሕማም እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ዝለኽፎም መብዛሕቶም ሕሙማት፡ ከም ረስኒ፡ ቊሪቊሪ ምባል፡ ምጥፋእ ሸውሃት፡ ዕግርግር ምባል፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ሕቖ ዘጋጥም ቃንዛ ጭዋዳታትን ሕማም ርእስን ዝኣመሰለ ምልክታት ይህልዎም።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ምልክታት ድማ ከም ልሙድ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓሙሽተ መዓልታት ከምዚመሓየሽ ይኸውን።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ ገለ ሰባት ግን ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ መዓልቲ እናኸፍኤ ይኸይድ፥ ረስኒ ይምለስ፣ ቃንዛ ከብዲ ይመጽእን [[ጃንዳይዝ|ብጫ ቆርበት]]ዘስዕብ መጉዳእቲ ጸላም ከብዲ ይጅምር። <ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ ምስዘጋጥም፡ ሓደጋ ምድማይ ይህሉን [[ሕማም ኲሊት|ጸገማት ኲሊት]]ናይ ምህላው ተኽእሎ ድማ ይዓብን።<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Cause and diagnosis--> እዚ ሕማም፡ ብቫይረስ ብጫ ረስኒ ዚስዕብ ኮይኑ፡ ብመንከስቲ ኣንስታይ [[ጣንጡ]]ድማ ይመሓላለፍ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ንሰባት፡ ካልኦት [[ምዕቡላት መጥበውቲ]]ከምኡውን ሓያሎ ዓሌታት ጣንጡ ጥራይ ድማ የጥቅዕ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ ከተማታት፡ ብ''[[አይደስ ኢጂብቲ (Aedes aegypti)]]'' ዝፍለጣ ዓሌታት ጣንጡ ብቐንዱ ይመሓላለፍ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ ቫይረስ፡ ኣብ ዘርኢ ''[[ፍላቪቫይረስ (Flavivirus)]]'' ዚምደብ[[ቫይረስ ኣርኤንኤ (RNA)]] እዩ።<ref name="lindenbach2007"/> እዚ ሕማም፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ፈለማ እዋን ካብ ካልኦት ሕማማት ንኽትፈልዮ ኣጸጋሚ ኪኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ እተጠርጠረ ሕማም ብጫ ረስኒ ምዃኑ ንምርግጋጽ ድማ [[መልሰ-ተግባር ሰንሰለት ፖሊመራስ (polymerase chain reaction)]] ብምጥቃም መርመራ ቅምሶ ደም ኺካየደሉ የድሊ።<ref name=Toll2009>{{cite journal | author = Tolle MA | title = Mosquito-borne diseases | journal = Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care | volume = 39 | issue = 4 | pages = 97–140 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19327647 | doi = 10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001 }}</ref> <!-- Prevention and Treatment and Prognosis --> ኣንጻር ብጫ ረስኒ ዚውሃብ ውሑስን ውጽኢታውን [[ክታበት]] ኣሎ፣ ገለ ሃገራት ድማ ናብአን ዝመጹ ገያሾ ክታበት ክወስዱ የገድዳ እየን። <ref name=WHO2013/> ረኽሲ ንምውጋድ ዚካየድ ካልእ ጻዕርታት፡ ንብዝሒ’ተን ህማም ዘመሓላልፋ ጣንጡ ከምዚጐድል ምግባር ዜጠቓልል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ብጫ ረስኒ ግኑን ኣብ ዝኾነሉ፡ እሞ ኸኣ ክታበታት ልሙድ ኣብ ዘይኮነሉ ቦታታት፡ ኣቐዲምካ ነቲ ሕማም ምንጻርን ንሰፊሕ ክፍሊ ሕብረተሰብ ክታበታት ምሃብን፡ ምልባዕ’ቲ ሕማም ንኸተወግድ ኣገዳሲ ይገብሮ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ መልከፍቲ ሓንሳእ ምስኣጋጠመ፡ ኣንጻር’ቲ ቫይረስ ዚውሰድ ውጽኢታዊ ዝኾነ ፍሉይ ስጉምታት የለን፣ እቲ ኪግበር ዘለዎ ቀንዲ ነገር ድማ ነቲ ሕማም ምቁጽጻር እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ከቢድ ሕማም ኣብ ዘጋጠመሉ እዋን፡ ሕክምና ምስዘይረኽቡ ንኸባቢ ፍርቂ’ቶም እተለኽፉ ሰባት ሞት የጋጥሞም።<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Epidemiology and history --> ብጫ ረስኒ፡ ኣብ ነፍስወከፍ ዓመት፡ ን200,000 ሰባት ይለክፍ፣ ኣብ 30,000 ሰባት ድማ ሞት የስዕብ፣<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Yellow fever Fact sheet N°100|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=May 2013}}</ref> ከባቢ 90% እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ የጋጥም።<ref name=Toll2009/> እቲ ሕማም ግኑን ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ክፍሊ ዓለም፡ ከባቢ ቢልዮን ሰባት ይቕመጡ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ኣብ [[ትሮፒክስ|ትሮፒካዊ]] ቦታታት [[ደቡብ ኣሜሪካ]] ከምኡውን [[ኣፍሪቓ]]ግኑን ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ [[እስያ]]ግን ብፍጹም የለን።<ref name=CDC2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/|title=CDC Yellow Fever||accessdate=2012-12-12}}</ref><ref name=WHO2013/> ካብ 1980ታት ጀሚሩ፡ ብዝሒ’ቶም ብጫ ረስኒ ዘጋጥሞም ሰባት እናወሰኸ ይመጽእ ኣሎ።<ref name=Barr2007>{{cite journal | author = Barrett AD, Higgs S | title = Yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered | journal = Annu. Rev. Entomol. | volume = 52 | pages = 209–29 | year = 2007 | pmid = 16913829 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454 }}</ref><ref name=WHO2013/> እዚ ድማ ነዚ ሕማም ዚከላኸሉ ውሑዳት ሰባት ስለዘለዉ፣ ኣብ ከተማታት ድማ ብዙሓት ሰባት እናተቐመጡ ይመጹ ስለዘለዉ፣ ሰባት ብቐጻሊ ይጉዓዙ ስለዝኾኑ፡ ከምኡውን [[ለውጢ ክሊማ|ምልዋጥ ክሊማ]] ከምዝኾነ ይእመን።<ref name=WHO2013/> መበቆል’ዚ ሕማም ኣብ ኣፍሪቓ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ መበል 17 ክፍለ-ዘመን ድማ ብመገዲ [[ንግዲ ገላዩ]] ኣቢሉ ናብ ደቡብ ኣሜሪካ ከምዚመሓላለፍ ኮይኑ።<ref name=Old2009>{{cite book|last=Oldstone|first=Michael|title=Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present and Future|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199758494|pages=102–4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2XbHXUVY65gC&pg=PA103}}</ref> ካብ መበል 17 ክፍለ-ዘመን ጀሚሩ፡ ሓያለ ቀንዲ [[ዝርዝር ለበዳታት|ምልባዕ]]’ዚ ሕማም’ዚ፡ ኣብ ኣሜሪካ፡ ኣፍሪቃን ኤውሮጳን የጋጥም ኣሎ።<ref name=Old2009/> ኣብ መበል 18ን መበል 19ን ክፍላ-ዘመናት፡ ብጫ ረስኒ፡ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣዝዮም ሓደገኛታት [[ተመሓላለፍቲ ሕማማት]]ይርኤ ነይሩ።<ref name=Old2009/> እዚ ቫይረስ ብጫ ረስኒ፡ እቲ ፈለማ እተረኽበ ቫይረስ ደቂ-ሰብ እዩ።<ref name="lindenbach2007">{{cite book | title=Fields Virology|edition=5th |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | author=Lindenbach, B. D., et al. |editor=Knipe, D. M. and P. M. Howley. (eds.) | year=2007 | location=Philadelphia, PA |page=1101 | isbn=0-7817606-0-7 |chapter=Flaviviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication}}</ref> ==References== <references /> [[Category:ሕክምና]] ixnfa07bjyp4z13pl2uye28rudkqbtv 0 4132 23227 21556 2021-10-19T20:14:34Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ፈረንሳዊት ሪፓብሊክ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|fr|République française}} | ሕብረት = [[ሃገር ኣባል ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት|ሃገር ኣባል]] | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of France.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Armoiries république française.svg | መጠን_ኣርማ = 90px | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Liberté, égalité, fraternité''<br />(«ሓርነት፣ ማዕርነት፣ ሕውነት») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''La Marseillaise''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = La Marseillaise.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = EU-France.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ፓሪስ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፍርቂ ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ፈረንሳ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ኤማንዌል ማክሮን]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ2 = [[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ፈረንሳ|ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]] | ስም_መራሒ2 = [[ጂን ካስተክስ]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ፈረንሳዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 640,679 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0.86 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 67,413,000 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ዩሮ]] (€) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC +1]] | ግዜ_ክረምቲ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC +2]] | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.fr]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +33 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 250 / FRA / FR | ኣባል_ናይ = {{EU}}፣ [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]] }} '''ፈረንሳ''' ({{lang-fr|France}}፣ {{IPA-fr|ፍራንስ|ኣደማምጻ|LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-France.wav}})፣ ብወግዒ '''ፈረንሳዊት ሪፓብሊክ''' ({{lang-fr|République française}})፣ ዓይነት መንግስቲ [[ፍርቂ ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] እያ፣ ኣባል [[ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]]፣ [[ስግረ ኣህጉራዊት ሃገር]] እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ፓሪስ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ፈረንሳ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] hlf9yl2xvdz51xljvmswks7c1lbreel 0 4140 24510 21325 2023-09-15T06:49:42Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Berlin Skyline Fernsehturm 02.jpg|thumb|በርሊን]] '''በርሊን''' (Berlin) ርእሰ ከተማ ናይ [[ጀርመን]] እያ። {{stub}} [[መደብ:ጀርመን]] aypumnyjjf6saxr9ou5y958jcerjho2 14 4141 18324 18323 2016-04-27T16:31:23Z 79.218.93.237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Germany}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኤውሮጳ]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] menugesmv4q9492hwxjhtybzuw2hfik 0 4146 18333 2016-05-04T17:14:42Z Lucas559 3989 from English (EN) Wikipedia and Medical Translation Task Force with help from Translators Without Borders (human translation). CC-BY-SA wikitext text/x-wiki '''ክታበታት ጽግዕ'''፡ ን[[ጽግዕ]] ብውሑስ መገዲ ይከላኸል።<!-- <ref name=WHO2007/> --> ንመብዛሕቱ ክፋል ህዝቢ ምስዝውሃብ፡ ብደረጃ ሃገር ንዚመጽእ ሓልክታት ከምዚጐድል ይገብሮ። <ref name=WHO2007>{{cite journal|title=Mumps virus vaccines.|journal=Weekly epidemiological record|date=16 Feb 2007|volume=82|issue=7|pages=49-60|pmid=17304707|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2007/wer8207.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> 90% ካብ መላእ ህዝቢ ምስዝኽተብ፡ እቲ ውጽኢታውነቱ ብግምት 85% ይኸውን።<ref name=Hviid2008>{{cite journal | author = Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K | title = Mumps | journal = [[The Lancet]] | volume = 371 | issue = 9616 | pages = 932–44 | date = March 2008 | pmid = 18342688 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5 }}</ref> ንነዊሕ-ግዜ ዚጸንሕ ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ንኽህሉ፡ ክልተ ዓቐን ክታበት ክውሰድ የድሊ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2007/> --> እቶም ዕድሚኦም ኣብ መንጐ 12 ክሳዕ 18 ኣዋርሕ ዝኾኑ ቆልዑ፡ እቲ ናይ ፈለማ ደረጃ ዓቐን መድሃኒት ክወስዱ ምሕጽንታ ይቐርብ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2007/> --> እቲ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ዓቐን መድሃኒት ድማ ከም ልሙድ ነቶም ዕድሚኦም ካብ ክልተ ዓመታት ክሳዕ ሽዱሽተ ዓመታት ዝገበሩ ቆልዑ ዚውሃብ እዩ።<ref name=WHO2007/> እቶም ድሮ [[ዓቕሚ ምክልኻል]] ዘይብሎም እሞ ኸኣ በቲ ሕማም እተጠቕዑ ሰባት ጠቓሚ ኪኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=Pink2012/> == ድሕነት == ክታበት ጽግዕ፡ ኣዝዩ ውሑስ ኮይኑ፡ እቲ ዘጋጥም ጐድናዊ ሳዕቤናት ድማ ብሓፈሻ ፈኲስ እዩ። <ref name=WHO2007/><ref name=Pink2012/> ኣብ ከባቢ’ቲ ውጋእ መርፍእ ፈኲስ ቃንዛን ሕበጥን ከምኡውን ፈኲስ ረስኒ ከስዕብ ይኽእል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2007/> --> ሳሕቲ ድማ ካልእ ገዚፍ ጐድናዊ ሳዕቤናት የጋጥም እዩ።<ref name=WHO2007/> እዚ ክታበት፡ ከም ጉድናዊ ሳዕቤናት ስነ-መትኒ ምስ ዝኣመሰለ ሓልክታት ምትእስሳር ከምዘለዎ ዚሕብር መርትዖ እኹል ኣይኮነን።<ref name=Pink2012/> እዚ ክታበት፡ ነተን [[ጥኑሳት]]ዝኾና ኣንስቲ ወይ ከቢድ [[ምዕጋት ዓቕሚ ምክልኻል]] ንዘለዎም ሰባት ክውሃብ ኣይግባእን። <ref name=WHO2007/> ጠኒሰን ከለዋ ኣብ እተኸትባ እሞ ኸኣ ቆልዑ ዝወላዳ ኣዴታት ሕማቕ ውጽኢታት ኣምጺኡ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ እተሰነደ ነገር ግን የለን። <ref name=WHO2007/><ref name=Pink2012/> እቲ ክታበት፡ ኣብ ዋሃዮታት ደርሆ ዚማዕበለ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ ነቶም [[ብእንቛቑሖ ዚመጽእ ቁጥዐ ኣካላት]] ዘለዎም ሰባት ኪውሃብ ግን ቅቡል እዩ።<ref name=Pink2012/> ==ኣጠቓቕማ== መብዛሕቱ [[ምዕቡል ዓለም]] ከምኡውን [[ኣብ ምምዕባል ዝርከባ ]] ብዙሓት ሃገራት፡ ብዙሕ ግዜ ን[[ክታበታት ንፍዮ|ንፍዮ]] ከምኡውን ብ[[MMR]] ዚፍለጥ [[ክታበት ሩበላ]] ብምውህሃድ ኣብ ዘለወን ፕሮግራማት ክታበታት የእትውኦ እየን።<ref name=WHO2007/> ኣቐዲሙ እተሓበረ ሰለስተ ክታበታት ከምኡውን ብ[[MMRV]] ዚፍለጥ [[ክታበት ፍሮማይ]]ብምውህሃድ ይውሃብ እዩ። <ref name=Pink2012/> ኣብ ዓመት 2005፡ 110 ሃገራት፡ ብኸምዚ ኣገባብ ነዚ ክታበት ሂበን።<!-- <ref name=WHO2007/> --> ክታበት ኣብ ዝውሃበሉ ሰፊሕ ከባቢታት ድማ እቲ መጠን ሕማም ብልዕሊ 90% ከምዚጐድል ኮይኑ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2007/> --> ዳርጋ ፍርቂ ብልዮን ሓደ ዝዓይነቱ ዓቐን ክታበት ድማ ክሳዕ ሕጂ ተዋሂቡ ኣሎ። <ref name=WHO2007/> == ታሪኽ፡ ሕብረተሰብን ባህልን == ክታበት ጽግዕ፡ ፈለማ ኣብ 1948 ሕጋዊ ፍቓድ ዝረኸበ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ ንሓጺር ግዜ ዚጸንሕ ውጽኢት ጥራይ ነይርዎ።<ref name=Pink2012>{{cite book|last1=Atkinson|first1=William|title=Mumps Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases|date=May 2012|publisher=Public Health Foundation|isbn=9780983263135|pages=Chapter 14|edition=12|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/mumps.html}}</ref> እተመሓየሸ ክታበታት ድማ ኣብ 1960ታት ኣብ ዕዳጋ ኪቐርብ ጀሚሩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2007/> --> እቲ ናይ ፈለማ ክታበት፡ [[ዘቛረጸ ክታበት|ዘቛረጸ]] እንተኾነ፡ ጐኒ ጐኑ እተዳለወ መድሃኒት ግን ንቫይረስ ዘዳኽም ኮይኑ ተዳልዩ።<ref name=WHO2007/> ኣብ [[ዝርዝር ኣገደስቲ መድሃኒታት ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] ኣትዩ ኣሎ፣ ኣብ መሰረታዊ [[ስርዓተ-ጥዕና]] ድማ ኣዝዩ ዘገድስ መድሃኒት እዩ።<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> ክሳዕ 2007 ድማ ኣብ ኣገልግሎት ዝውዓለ ብዙሕ እተፈላለየ ዓይነታት መድሃኒት ነይሩ።<ref name=WHO2007/> ==መወከሲታት== <references /> 3gzz3y88xux0etkxmm85r6b6bsd79sl 0 4147 23951 23940 2022-09-29T20:26:38Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.2 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ክታበት ንፍዮ''' ፡ ን[[ንፍዮ]] ዚከላኸል ኣዝዩ ውጽኢታዊ [[ክታበት]] እዩ።<ref name=WHO2009Vac/> 85% ካብ ትሽዓተ ወርሒ ዝገበሩ ቆልዑ፡ ከምኡውን 95% ካብቶም ልዕሊ ዓሰርተ ክልተ ኣዋርሕ ዝገበሩ ቆልዑ፡ ሓንቲ ክታበት ምስወሰዱ ነቲ ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ይህልዎም።፡<ref name=Yellow2014/> ዳርጋ ኩሎም እቶም ብሓንቲ ክታበት ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሞም ዘየማዕበሉ ቆልዑ ድማ ካልኤይቲ ክታበት ምስወሰዱ ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ የማዕብሉ፡፡<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> እቲ ኣብ ህዝቢ ዝውሃብ መጠን ክታበታት፡ ልዕሊ 93% ምስዝኸውን፡ ለበዳታት ንፍዮ ከም ልሙድ ደጊሙ ዘየጋጥም እኳ እንተኾነ፡ መጠን ክታበታት ኪጐድል ኣብ ዝጀመረሉ ግን ደጊሙ ከጋጥም ይኽእል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> ውጽኢታውነት ክታበት፡ ንብዙሕ ዓመታት ዚቕጽል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> ውጽኢታውነቱ ምስ ግዜ እናጐደለ ዝኸደሉ ምኽንያት ንጹር ኣይኮነን።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> እቲ ሕማም ካብ ዘጋጠመሉ ግዜ ኣብ ውሽጢ ክልተ መዓልታት እቲ ክታበት [https://web.archive.org/web/20220307075436/http://4keeps.co.kr/ ምስዝውሃብ]፡ ካብዚ ሕማም ኽከላኸል ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2009Vac>{{cite journal|title=Measles vaccines: WHO position paper.|journal=Weekly epidemiological record|date=28 August 2009|volume=84|issue=35|pages=349–60|pmid=19714924|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2009/wer8435.pdf}}</ref> == ድሕነት == እዚ ክታበት፡ ነቶም [[ረኽሲ ኤች.ኣይ.ቪ]] ዘለዎም ሰባት ከይተረፈ ብሓፈሻ ውሑስ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> ጐድናዊ ሳዕቤናት፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ፈኲስን ንሓጺር ግዜ ዚጸንሕን እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> እዚ ድማ መርፍእ ኣብ ዝወግኦ ቦታ ቃንዛ ወይ ፈኩስ [[ረስኒ]] ከጠቓልል ይኽእል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> [[ኣመና ተኣፋፍነት መድሃኒት]]፡ ኣብ ሓደ ካብቶም ሚእቲ ሽሕ ሰባት ከምዘጋጥም ተሰኒዱ ኣሎ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> መጠን [[ምልክታት ሕማም ጉልያን ባረ (Guillian-Barre)]]፡ [[ኣውቲዝም]] ከምኡውን [[ሕማም ቁጥዐ መዓናጡ]] ኣይውስኽን ኣሎ።<ref name=WHO2009Vac/> ==ምውህሃድ መድሃኒት == እዚ ክታበት፡ ንበይኑ ጥራይ ወይ’ውን ን[[ክታበት ሩበላ]]፡ [[ክታበት ጽግዕ]] ከምኡውን [[ክታበት ፍሮማይ]] (ብ[[ክታበት MMR]] ከምኡውን [[ክታበት MMRV]] ዚፍለጥ) ምስ ካልእ ክታበታት ብምውህሃድ ይውሃብ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> እዚ ክታበት፡ ኣብ ኩሉ ዝውሃሃድ መድሃኒታት ብማዕረ ጽቡቕ ይሰርሕ እዩ። <!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]]፡ እቲ ሕማም ግኑን ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ከባቢታት ዓለም ንዘለዉ ዕድሚኦም ትሽዓተ ኣዋርሕ ዝኾኑ ቆልዑ ንኽውሃብ ምሕጽንታ የቕርብ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> እቲ ሕማም ኣዝዩ ግኑን ኣብ ዘይኮነሉ ከባቢታት፡ ዕድሚኦም ዓሰርተ-ክልተ ኣዋርሕ ንዝኾኑ ቆልዑ ኪውሃብ ድማ ቅቡል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> እዚ፡ እቲ [[ዚውሃብ ዘሎ ክታበት]] እዩ። <!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> ብትሕቲ ቆርበት ወይ ኣብ ጭዋዳ ቅድሚ ምውሃቡ፡ ተወሃሂዱ ኪቐርብ ዘድልዮ ብመልክዕ ንቑጽ ሓሪጭ ይመጽእ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2009Vac/> --> መረጋገጺ ውጽኢታውነት’ቲ ክታበት፡ ብመርመራታት ደም ኪውሰን ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2009Vac/> == ታሪኽ፡ ሕብረተሰብን ባህልን == ኣብ 2013፡ ከባቢ 85% ኣብ ዓለም [https://web.archive.org/web/20220307084232/http://yangsann.kr/ ዝርከቡ] ቆልዑ፡ እዚ ክታበት’ዚ ረኺቦም።<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Measles Fact sheet N°286|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=4 February 2015|date=November 2014}}</ref> ኣብ 2008፡ እንተወሓዳ 192 ሃገራት ክልተ ዝዓቐኑ መድሃኒት ሂበን።<ref name=WHO2009Vac/> ፈለማ ኣብ 1963 ድማ ከምዝተኣታቶ ኮይኑ።<ref name=Yellow2014>{{cite book|last1=Control|first1=Centers for Disease|last2=Prevention|title=CDC health information for international travel 2014 the yellow book|date=2014|isbn=9780199948505|page=250|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=nVppAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250}}</ref> ንንፍዮ-ጽግዕ-ሩበላ (MMR)ዜጠቓልል ክታበት፡ ፈለማ ኣብ 1971 ኪውሃብ ጀሚሩ።<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaccine Timeline|url=http://www.immunize.org/timeline/|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref> [[ክታበት ፍሮማይ]]፡ ን[[ክታበት MMRV]] ብምሃብ ኣብ 2005 ከምዚውሰኽ ኮይኑ።<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Deborah|title=The essential guide to children's vaccines|date=2013|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=9781466827509|page=127|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=w0C7L9o3m-MC&pg=PA127}}</ref> ኣብ [[ዝርዝር ኣገደስቲ መድሃኒታት ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] ከምዝኣቱ ኮይኑ፣ ንመሰረታዊ [[ስርዓተ-ጥዕና]] ድማ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ መድሃኒት እዩ።<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> እዚ ክታበት፡ ብዋጋ ኣዝዩ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220307104625/http://shenyangn.kr/ ክቡር] ኣይኮነን።<ref name=WHO2009Vac/> ==መወከሲታት== <references /> qsjh371cwsfksebc9cz8iukvtbjjbwf 0 4148 24498 19133 2023-09-15T06:08:57Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ክታበታት ሸሮኽ'''፡ [[ሸሮኽ]] ንምክልኻል ውጺኢታዊ ዚኾነ [[ክታበታት]] እዩ።<ref name=WHO2010/> ኣብ ፈለማ ሽዱሽተ ኣዋርሕ፡ ከባቢ 85%፡ ኣብ ፈለማ ዓመት ድማ 50-60% ውጽኢታዊ እዩ። <ref name=WHO2010/><ref name="pmid20687062">{{cite journal |author=Graves PM, Deeks JJ, Demicheli V, Jefferson T |title=Vaccines for preventing cholera: killed whole cell or other subunit vaccines (injected) |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=8 |pages=CD000974 |year=2010 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000974.pub2|pmid=20687062}}</ref><ref name="pmid21412922">{{cite journal |author=Sinclair D, Abba K, Zaman K, Qadri F, Graves PM |title=Oral vaccines for preventing cholera |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=3 |pages=CD008603 |year=2011|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008603.pub2 |pmid=21412922}}</ref> ድሕሪ ክልተ ዓመታት ድማ እቲ ውጽኢታውነቱ ናብ ትሕቲ 50% ይወርድ። <!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> እቲ ቀንዲ ክፋል ህዝቢ ምስዝኽተብ፡ እቲ [[ዓቕሚ ምክልኻል ናይቲ እተኸትበ ህዝቢ]] ነቶም ዘይተኸትቡ ሰባት ረብሓታት ከምጽእ ይኽእል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]]፡ ነቶም ኣብ ልዑል ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ሰባት ምስ ካልእ ስጉምታት ብምውህሃድ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ንኽውዕል ምሕጽንታ የቕርብ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> እቲ ብኣፍ ዚውሰድ ክልተ ዓቐን መድሃኒት ወይ ሰለስተ ዓቐን መድሃኒት ንኽውሃብ ብልሙድ ለበዋ ይቐርብ።<ref name=WHO2010/> እቲ ብመርፍእ ዚውሰድ መድሃኒት፡ ኣብ ገለ ከባቢታት ዓለም ዚውሃብ ኪኸውን ከሎ፡ እቲ ቐረብ ግን ውሑድ እዩ።<ref name="pmid20687062"/><ref name=WHO2010/> == ድሕነት == እቲ ብኣፍ ዚውሃብ ክልተ ዓይነታት ክታበት፡ ብሓፈሻ ውሑስ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2010> --> ፈኲስ ቃንዛ ከብዲ ወይ ውጽኣት ከጋጥም ይኽእል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2010> --> ኣብ ግዜ [[ጥንሲ]] ከምኡውን [[ሕጽረት ዓቕሚ ምክልኻል|ድኹም ዓቕሚ ምክልኻል]] ንዘለዎም ሰባት ድማ ውሑስ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> ኣብ ልዕሊ 60 ሃገራት ኣብ ኣገልግሎት ንኺውዕል ሕጋዊ ፍቓድ ረኺቡ ኣሎ።<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> እቲ ሕማም ግኑን ኣብ ዝኾነለን ሃገራት ድማ ብዋጋ ሕሱርን ዜዋጽእን እዩ።<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite journal|title=Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper.|journal=Weekly epidemiological record|date=Mar 26, 2010|volume=13|issue=85|pages=117-128|pmid=20349546|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8513.pdf}}</ref> == ሕብረተሰብን ባህልን == ኣንጻር ሸሮኽ ዚውሃብ ናይ ፈለማ ክታበታት፡ ኣብ መወዳእታ 1800ታት ዚማዕበለ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=Vaccine2009/> --> ንፈለማ ግዜ ኣብ ሰፊሕ ቦታታት ኣብ ጥቕሚ ዚውዓለ ኣብ ቤተ-ሙከራ እተመስርሐ ክታበት እዩ። <ref name=Vaccine2009>{{cite book|last1=Stanberry|first1=Lawrence R.|title=Vaccines for biodefense and emerging and neglected diseases|date=2009|publisher=Academic|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9780080919027|page=870|edition=1|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Nu058ZNa1MC&pg=PA870}}</ref> እቲ ብኣፍ ዚውሰድ ክታበታት፡ ኣብ 1990ታት ንፈለማ ግዜ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ውዒሉ።<ref name=WHO2010/> ኣብ [[ዝርዝር ኣገደስቲ መድሃኒታት ውዱብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] ተዘርዚሩ ኣሎ፣ ኣብ መባእታዊ [[ስርዓተ-ጥዕና]] ድማ እቲ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ዚኾነ መድሃኒት እዩ።<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> ኣንጻር ሸሮኽ ክታበት ንምውሳድ ዚወጽእ ወጻኢ-ገንዘብ፡ ካብ 0.1 ክሳዕ 4.0 ዶላር ኣሜሪካ እዩ።<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=S|last2=Lopez|first2=AL|last3=Bellos|first3=A|last4=Deen|first4=J|last5=Ali|first5=M|last6=Alberti|first6=K|last7=Anh|first7=DD|last8=Costa|first8=A|last9=Grais|first9=RF|last10=Legros|first10=D|last11=Luquero|first11=FJ|last12=Ghai|first12=MB|last13=Perea|first13=W|last14=Sack|first14=DA|title=Post-licensure deployment of oral cholera vaccines: a systematic review.|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=1 December 2014|volume=92|issue=12|pages=881-93|pmid=25552772}}</ref> ==መወከሲታት== <references /> [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] el3ls89xrnvmwq0l4qd8hi6y8w30lkc 0 4152 23832 18870 2022-08-07T07:13:39Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="wikitable" style="margin:0.2em auto; width:{{{width|80%}}}; border-collapse:collapse; clear:{{{clear|both}}};" |- !style="background:#efefef; text-align:center;" colspan="24"|ግሪክኛ ፊደል |-style="font-size:80%;text-align:center;" lang="el" xml:lang="el" |[[Α|Αα]]||[[Β|Ββ]]||[[Γ|Γγ]]||[[Δ|Δδ]]||[[Ε|Εε]]||[[Ζ|Ζζ]]||[[Η|Ηη]]||[[Θ|Θθ]]||[[Ι|Ιι]]||[[Κ|Κκ]]||[[Λ|Λλ]]||[[Μ|Μμ]]||[[Ν|Νν]]||[[Ξ|Ξξ]]||[[Ο|Οο]]||[[Π|Ππ]]||[[Ρ|Ρρ]]||[[Σ|Σσ]]||[[Τ|Ττ]]||[[Υ|Υυ]]||[[Φ|Φφ]]||[[Χ|Χχ]]||[[Ψ|Ψψ]]||[[Ω|Ωω]] |- !colspan="24"|ሞት |-style="font-size:80%;text-align:center;" lang="el" xml:lang="el" |[[Ϝ|Ϝϝ]]||[[Ϛ|Ϛϛ]]||[[Ͱ|Ͱͱ]]||[[Ϻ|Ϻϻ]]||[[Ϙ|Ϙϙ]]||[[Ͳ|Ͳͳ]]||[[Ϸ|Ϸϸ]] |} [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] 8ew95cww1grifl10ji14ysy775rwuzp 0 4153 23824 18591 2022-08-07T07:10:49Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ራሽኛ ፊደል ---- А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] o0q9g5ecmgklt8desg2a2pcsxt04tm7 0 4154 23531 22143 2022-04-04T21:53:59Z Joanmp14 5782 improvements wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ኢጣልያዊት ሪፓብሊክ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|it|Repubblica Italiana}} | ሕብረት = [[ሃገር ኣባል ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት|ሃገር ኣባል]] | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Italy.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Italy-Emblem.svg | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Il Canto degli Italiani''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = National anthem of Italy - U.S. Navy Band (long version).ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = EU-Italy.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ሮማ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፓርላማዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ኢጣልያ|ፕረዚደንት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ሰርጆ ማታሬላ]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኢጣልያዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 301,340 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 2,4 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 60,257,566 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ዩሮ]] (€) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ግዜ ማእከላይ ኤውሮጳ|CET +1]] | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = .it | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +39 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 380 / ITA / IT | ኣባል_ናይ = {{EU}}፣ [[ውድብ ኪዳን ሰሜን ኣትላንቲክ|ው.ኪ.ሰ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ቁጠባዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ምዕባለን|ው.ቁ.ም.ም.]]፣ [[ውድብ ጸጥታን ምትሕግጋዝን ኣብ ኤውሮጳ|ው.ጸ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ|ቤ.ም.ኤ.]] }} '''ኢጣልያ''' ({{lang-it|Italia}}፣ {{IPA-it|ኢታልያ|ኣደማምጻ|It-Italia.ogg}}) ብወግዒ '''ኢጣልያዊት ሪፓብሊክ''' ({{lang-it|Repubblica Italiana}})፣ ኣባልን መስራቲትን [[ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]]፣ ስግረ-ኣህጉር ልኡላዊት ሃገር እያ። ርእሰ ከተማኣ [[ሮማ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ኢጣልያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] gjse391dhe5rlneyogs3ml15qhwpekh 0 4158 23830 21155 2022-08-07T07:12:54Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ዓረብኛ ፊደል ---- የማነ ኣባዲ ابن {| class="wikitable" |ابن |son |- |اتصال |connect |- |اثنين |two |- |احتفظ |keep |- |احد |single |- |اختبار |test |- |اختر |select |- |اختراع |invent |- |اختلف |differ |- |اختيار |pick |- |اختيار |choose |- |ارتداء |wear |- |ارتفاع |high |- |ارتفع |rose |- |استخدام |use |- |استراحة |break |- |استغرق |took |- |استمع |listen |- |اسم |name |- |اشترى |bought |- |اشتعلت |caught |- |اعتقد |think |- |اعتقد |believe |- |اقترح |suggest |- |اكتشاف |find |- |الابتسامة |smile |- |الارتفاع |rise |- |الأب |father |- |الأخضر |green |- |الأرض |land |- |الأرقام |numeral |- |الأزرق |blue |- |الأساسية |basic |- |الأصفر |yellow |- |الأصلي |original |- |الأطفال |children |- |الأقل |least |- |الأكسجين |oxygen |- |الأم |parent 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|order |- |النظر |consider |- |النفس |self |- |النهر |river |- |الوادي |valley |- |الوزن |weight |- |الوصول |reach |- |الوقت |time |- |الوقوف |stand |- |الولادة |born |- |امتداد |stretch |- |امرأة |woman |- |انتشار |spread |- |انتظر |wait |- |انزلاق |slip |- |انضمام |join |- |إثبات |prove |- |إحساس |feel |- |إذا |if |- |إذن |ear |- |إرسال |write |- |إرسال |send |- |إسقاط |drop |- |إسم |noun |- |إشعار |notice |- |إصبع |finger |- |إضافة |add |- |إطار العجلة |tire |- |إعداد |prepare |- |إقامة |stay |- |إلا |except |- |إلى |for |- |إلى |to |- |إلى |down |- |إلى الأمام |forward |- |إنتاج |produce |- |أب |dad |- |أبدا |never |- |أبدا |ever |- |أبقى |kept |- |أبيض |white |- |أثار |excite |- |أحمر |red |- |أخذ |take |- |أداة |instrument |} [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] oaddyedgapnpwr199u6cyypcq7110z1 0 4159 23834 18577 2022-08-07T07:14:16Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ፖርቱጋልኛ ፊደል ---- A À Á à  B C Ç D E È É Ê F G H I Ì Í Î J K L M N O Ó Õ Ô P Q R S T U Ù Ú Û V W X Y Z a à á ã â b c ç d e è é ê f g h i ì í î j k l m n o ó õ ô p q r s t u ù ú û v w x y z [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] 1tmj5wtybd7awnrpjss6vg4ouu3frpn 14 4221 18470 2016-08-31T16:38:02Z Patamaski 4579 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: {{Commonscat|Finland}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኤውሮጳ]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Finland}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኤውሮጳ]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] rdsj3eks7gzzewdd4jafna6egqstvao 4 4325 18865 18846 2016-11-26T05:07:40Z Jyothis 1060 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2605:8D80:4E2:A01D:3ED5:EDC2:FF16:45C2|2605:8D80:4E2:A01D:3ED5:EDC2:FF16:45C2]] ([[User talk:2605:8D80:4E2:A01D:3ED5:EDC2:FF16:45C2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Aman kahsay|Aman kahsay]] wikitext text/x-wiki ኣማን sbjkvxdupj8yfr6t2rcq23u2bfp033e 0 4326 24703 24486 2024-02-03T11:02:16Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Sandviken Folkets hus.JPG|thumb]] ሳንድቪከን ሓንቲ ንእሽተይ  ከተማያ። ኣብ ዞባ ያቭለ ቦሪ ትመሓደር። ርእሳ ዝከኣለት ምምሕዳር ድማ ኣለዋ። ሳንድቪከን ብ 1862  ተምስሪታ። ሰለስተ ዓበይቲ ትካላት ናይ ሓጻዊን ከም ዒይነት ብረት ነይርዎም፣ክልተ ሽሕ (2000)ሰራሕተኛ ድማ ነይርዎም። መጓዓዝያ ድማ፣ ኣውቶቡስን፣ባቡርን ጽርግያ ናብ ያቭለ ፋሉን ኦክልቦ ወዘተ ዘኣመሰላ ከተማታት ይከዳ። ዓበይቲ ትካላት ድማ ከም በዓል ኦጋ ጋዝ ፣እንዳ ሓጺን፣ ከምኡውን ዓበይቲ ዱካናት ከም በዓል ዊልስ፣ሊድል፣ኢካ፣ሮስታ፣ዶላር፣ኩብ ዝኣመሰሉ ዱካናት ኣለው። ብዛዕባ ትምህርቲ ድማ መዋአል ህጻናት ፣መባአታ ፣ማአከላይ ቤትምህርቲ፣ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ከመኡ ውን ከም ክልኣይ ቋንቋ ሽወደን ናይ ስደተኛታት ቤት ትምህርቲ ኣሎዋ። [[መደብ:ኤውሮጳ]] gvep81yfyfl82vxyziq00kxorl83hfi 10 4327 18766 2016-09-06T15:40:03Z 77.53.121.237 Ronaldo wikitext text/x-wiki Jjsiji 1sh3ygzzwcmapt6o2l906r9dh3m94a5 0 4329 24502 19132 2023-09-15T06:13:56Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Bacterial vaginosis | image = Vaginose-G15.jpg | caption = Micrograph of bacterial vaginosis — [[squamous cell|cell]]s of the [[cervix]] covered with rod-shaped bacteria, ''[[Gardnerella vaginalis]]'' (arrows). | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|96||b|95}}, {{ICD10|N|76||n|70}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|616.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D016585 }} == Definition and symptoms == '''ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ''' ('''BV''')፡ ብ'''ቫጂናል ባክተርዮሲስ''' ወይ '''ጋርድነረላ ቫጂኒቲስ''' ዚፍለጥ ኮይኑ፡<ref name=History1997>{{cite book|last1=Borchardt|first1=Kenneth A.|title=Sexually transmitted diseases : epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment|date=1997|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton [u.a.]|isbn=9780849394768|pages=4|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=k_9sjs-n0nIC&pg=PA4}}</ref> ብሰንኪ ልዕሊ ዓቐን [[ባክተርያ]] ዚስዕብ [[ሕማም]] [[ርሕሚ]] እዩ።<ref name=Don2014/> ፍሉጣት ምልክታት፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ከም ዓሳ ሽታ ዘለዎ ልዑል [[ርሕማዊ ፈሳሲ]] ዜካተተ እዩ።<!-- <ref name=NIH2013S/> --> እቲ ፈሳሲ፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ጻዕዳ ወይ ሓሙዂሽታዊ ሕብሪ ኣለዎ።<!-- <ref name=NIH2013S/> --> [[Dysuria|ኣብ ግዜ ሽንቲ ዘጋጥም ቃጸሎ]] ድማ ክህሉ ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=NIH2013S/> ስሓ ግን ፍሉጥ ኣይኮነን።<ref name=Don2014/><ref name=NIH2013S/> ሳሕቲ ድማ ዝኾነ ምልክታት ከይርኤ ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=NIH2013S>{{cite web|title=What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/Pages/symptoms.aspx|website=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/|accessdate=3 March 2015|date=2013-05-21}}</ref> ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ ምህላው፡ ን[[ኤችኣይቪ/ኤይድስ]] ዜካትት ካልእ ሓያሎ [[ብጾታዊ ርክብ ዚመሓላለፍ ረኽስታት]] ንኸጋጥም ንዘሎ ተኽእሎ የዕብዮ።<ref name=Ken2013>{{cite journal|last1=Kenyon|first1=C|last2=Colebunders|first2=R|last3=Crucitti|first3=T|title=The global epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review.|journal=American journal of obstetrics and gynecology|date=December 2013|volume=209|issue=6|pages=505-23|pmid=23659989}}</ref> ኣብ ጥኑሳት ደቀኣንስትዮ ድማ ንሓደጋ [[preterm|ቅድሚ ግዚኡ ሕርሲ]] ንኸጋጥም ንዘሎ ተኽእሎ የዕብዮ።<ref>{{cite web|title=What are the treatments for bacterial vaginosis (BV)?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/Pages/treatments.aspx|website=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/|accessdate=4 March 2015|date=2013-07-15}}</ref> == Cause and diagnosis == ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ፡ ብሰንኪ ዘይምዕሩይ ቁጽሪ ናይ’ቶም ኣብ ርሕሚ ክህልዎ ዘለዎም ባክተርያታት ዜጋጥም እዩ።<ref name=NIH2013O/> ኣብቲ ክህሉ ዘለዎ ፍሉጥ ዓይነት ባክተርያ ለውጢ የጋጥም፣ ክህሉ ዘለዎ ጠቕላላ ብዝሒ ባክተርያ ካብ ኣማኢት ክሳብ ኣሽሓት ዕጽፍታት ከምዝውስኽ ይኸውን።<ref name=Don2014/> ጠንቅታት’ዚ ሓደጋ’ዚ፡ [[ሕክምናዊ ምጽርራይ ውሽጣዊ ኣካላት]]፡ ሓደስቲ ወይ ብዙሓት መጻምድቲ ጾታዊ ርክብ ምህላው፡ [[ጸረ-ነፍሳት]]፡ [[ኣብ ማህጸን ዚኣቱ መከላኸሊ ጥንሲ]] ምጥቃም፡ ካብቲ ብዙሕ የጠቓልል።<ref name=NIH2013O/> ብሰንኪ ጾታዊ ርክብ ዚመሓላለፍ ረኽሲ’ዩ ክብሃል ግን ኣይከኣልን እዩ።<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/stdfact-bacterial-vaginosis.htm |title=Bacterial Vaginosis – CDC Fact Sheet |author= |date=March 11, 2014 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |accessdate=2 Mar 2015}}</ref> ነጸርታ፡ ኣብቲ እተራእየ ምልክታት ዚህሉ ጥርጠራ ኾይኑ፡ ንርሕማዊ ፈሳሲ ብምምርማር፡ ካብቲ ንቡር ንላዕሊ ርሕማዊ [[ፒኤች (መጠን ኣሲድ)]] ከምኡውን ብዙሕ ቁጽሪ ባክተርያ እንተተረኺቡ፡ እቲ ሕማም ከምዘሎ ኪረጋገጽ ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=Don2014/> ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ምስ [[ርሕማዊ ረኽሲ]] ወይ [[ብትርኮሞናድ ዚስዕብ ረኽሲ]] የደናግር እዩ።<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mashburn|first1=J|title=Etiology, diagnosis, and management of vaginitis.|journal=Journal of midwifery & women's health|date=2006|volume=51|issue=6|pages=423-30|pmid=17081932}}</ref> == Prevention and treatment == ሕክምና፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ብመልክዕ ጸረ-ነፍሳት፡ [[ክሊንዳማይሲን]] ወይ [[መትሮኒዳዞል]] ይውሃብ። <!-- <ref name=Don2014/> --> እዚ መድሃኒታት፡ ኣብ ካልኣይ ወይ ሳልሳይ ክፍለ-ግዜ [[ጥንሲ]] ክውሃብ ድማ ይከኣል እዩ።<!-- <ref name=Don2014/> --> እንተኾነ ግን፡ እዚ ኲነታት’ዚ፡ ሕክምና ድሕሪ ምውሳድ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ ዳግማይ የጋጥም እዩ። <!-- <ref name=Don2014> --> [[ፕሮብዮቲክ]]፡ ዳግማይ ንኸየጋጥም ኽከላኸል ይኽእል እዩ።<ref name=Don2014>{{cite journal|last1=Donders|first1=GG|last2=Zodzika|first2=J|last3=Rezeberga|first3=D|title=Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: what we have and what we miss.|journal=Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy|date=April 2014|volume=15|issue=5|pages=645-57|pmid=24579850}}</ref> ፕሮብዮሪክ ወይ ጸረ-ነፍሳት ምጥቃም፡ ንውጽኢት ጥንሲ ይጸሉ ምዃኑ እተረጋገጸ ነገር የለን።<ref name=Don2014/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Othman|first1=M|last2=Neilson|first2=JP|last3=Alfirevic|first3=Z|title=Probiotics for preventing preterm labour.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=24 January 2007|issue=1|pages=CD005941|pmid=17253567}}</ref> == Epidemiology and history == ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ፡ ኣብ ዕድመ ፍርያምነት ኣብ ዝርከባ ደቀኣንስትዮ ዜጋጥም ኣዝዩ ፍሉጥ ርሕማዊ ረኽሲ እዩ።<ref name=NIH2013O>{{cite web|title=Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Condition Information|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|website=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/|accessdate=3 March 2015|date=2013-05-21}}</ref> እተን ኣብ ዝኾነ ግዜ በቲ ሕማም ናይ ዝልከፋ ሚእታዊት ደቀኣንስትዮ፡ ካብ 5% ክሳዕ 70% ይፈላለ እዩ።<ref name=Ken2013/> ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ፡ ኣብ ክፋላት ኣፍሪቓ ኣዝዩ ግኑን ኪኸውን ከሎ፡ ኣብ እስያን ኤውሮጳን ድማ ብውሑድ መጠን ይርኤ።<ref name=Ken2013/> ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ድማ ካብ 14 ክሳዕ 49 ዓመት ኣብ ዝዕድሚኤን ደቀኣንስትዮ ን30% የጥቅዕ።<ref name=CDC2010Stats>{{cite web|title=Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Statistics Prevalence|url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/stats.htm|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=3 March 2015|date=September 14, 2010}}</ref> ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ሃገር ኣብ ዝርከቡ [[ኢትኒካዊ ጉጅለ]]ታት ብዓቢ መጠን ይፈላለ እዩ።<ref name=Ken2013/> ከም ምልክታት ናይቲ ብባክተርያ ዚመጽእ ሕማም ርሕሚ፡ ኣብ ታሪኽ ብዙሕ ከምእተመዝገበ ዚገልጽ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ እቲ ብግልጺ እተሰነደ ናይ ፈለማ ሕማም ግን ኣብ 1894 ዘጋጠመ እዩ።<ref name=History1997/> ==መወከሲታት== <references /> [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] 8wihjcjmq83hh111osot25z9ksf31ra 0 4336 18788 2016-09-24T18:27:07Z Til Eulenspiegel 3850 Til Eulenspiegel moved page [[Sandviken]] to [[ሳንድቪከን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሳንድቪከን]] 0tgaqkola2az35i7yslpgie50otsmec 0 4345 24750 24727 2024-03-31T14:41:55Z 85.100.241.11 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye#/media/Dosya:Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg:~:text=https%3A//www.trthaber.com/dosyalar/images/46bf3ac4%2Dcd99%2D4303%2Da513%2D80cd46c4a465.jpg | ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|tr|Türkiye Cumhuriyeti}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Turkey.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Emblem of Turkey.svg | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''İstiklâl Marşı''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = IstiklalMarsi-2013 (version 2).oga | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Turkey (orthographic projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ኣንካራ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ|ቱርክኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ሽም_መራሒ1 = [[ረሲፕ ጠይብ ኤርዶጋን]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ቱርካዊ/ -ት | ሰፊሕ_መሬት = 783,356 | ሰፊሕ_መሬት_ቦታ = 71 | ሰፊሕ_ማይ = 1,3 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 82,017,514 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ቱርካዊት ሊራ]] (₺) | ናይ_ግዜ_ዞባ = UTC +3 | ናይ_ኢንተርነት_ዓውዲ = .tr | ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +90 }} '''ቱርኪ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ|ቱርክኛ]]፦ ''Türkiye'') ወግዓዊ '''ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ''' (ብቱርክኛ፦ ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'')፣ ኣብ [[ምዕራባዊ ኤስያ]]ን ደቡብ-ምብራቕ ኤውሮጳን ተዘርጊሓ እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ኣንካራ]] እያ። ዘመናዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪየ,ኣብ 1923 ዓ.ም ብሃገራዊ ጅግናና ሙስጠፋ ከማል ኣታቱርክ ዝተመስረተት እያ። = ቱርኪየ = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * እዚ * ምንጪ ርአ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ ሓንቲ ሃገር እዩ። ንኻልእ ኣጠቓቕማታት ፡ ቱርኪ (disambiguation) ርአ ። ኮርዲኔት : 39°56′N, 32°50′E ( ካርታ ) {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪየ |- | colspan="2" |ባንዴራ |- | colspan="2" |'''ሃገራዊ መዝሙር''' ሰልፊ ናጽነት |- | colspan="2" |ቱርኪየ ቦታ (ቀጠልያ) |- | colspan="2" |ካርታ ቱርኪየ |- !ርእሰ ከተማ |ኣንካራ 39°56′K 32°50′D |- !ዝዓበየት ከተማ |ኢስታንቡል 41°1′N 28°57′E |- !ወግዓዊ ቋንቋ(ታት) |ቱርካዊ |- ! colspan="2" | ---- |- !ዝዝረብ ቋንቋታት | * ቱርካዊ * ኩርድ * ዓረብኛ * ዛዛኪ * ካልእ |- !ብሄረሰባት (2016) | * ቱርካውያን (70-75%) * ኩርዳውያን (19%) * ካልኦት (6-11%) |- !ኣጋንንታዊ |ቱርካዊ |- !መንግስቲ |ቅዋማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ምስ ኣሃዳዊ ፕረዚደንታዊ ስርዓት |- | colspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" !•  ፕረዝደንት |ረሲፕ ጣይብ ኤርዶጋን |- !•  ምክትል ፕረዚደንት። |ሴቭደት ይልማዝ |- !•  ፕረዚደንት ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ |ኑማን ኩርቱልሙሽ |- !•  ፕረዚደንት ሕገ መንግስታዊ ቤት ፍርዲ |ዙህቱ ኣርስላን |} |- !ሓጋጊ ኣካል |ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪየ |- ! colspan="2" |ታሪኽ |- | colspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" !•  ግዝኣት ኦቶማን |እና. 1299 ዓ.ም.ፈ |- !•  ኲናት ናጽነት |19 ግንቦት 1919 ዓ.ም |- !•  ምኽፋት ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ |23 ሚያዝያ 1920 ዓ.ም |- !•  ውዕል ሎዛን። |24 ሓምለ 1923 ዓ.ም |- !•  ኣዋጅ ሪፓብሊክ |29 ጥቅምቲ 1923 ዓ.ም |- !•  ህሉው ቅዋም |9 ሕዳር 1982 ዓ.ም |} |- | colspan="2" | |- ! colspan="2" |ስፍሓት |- !• ድምር |783,562 ኪ.ሜ <sup>2</sup> ( 36 ) . |- !• ፀሊም |<sup>769,632</sup> ኪ.ሜ |- !• ንሶም እዮም |<sup>13,930</sup> ኪ.ሜ |- !• እዮም (%) |2.03 |- ! colspan="2" |በዝሒ ህዝቢ |- !• ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 2023 |85,372,377  ( 18 .) |- !• ጽዓት |111/ኪ.ሜ <sup>2</sup> ( 107 .) |- !GDP  ( ፒፒፒ ) . |ናይ 2023 ግምት |- !• ድምር |$3.613 ትሪልዮን  ( 11 .) |- !• ንሓደ ሰብ |$41,887  ( 46 .) |- !GDP  (ስማዊ) 1.1. |ናይ 2023 ግምት |- !• ድምር |1.154 ትሪልዮን ዶላር  ( 17 .) |- !• ንሓደ ሰብ |$13,383  ( 65 .) |- !ጂኒ  (2019) |41.9 ማእከላይ  ·  51. |- !ኢገ  (2021) |0.838 ኣዝዩ ልዑል  ·  48. |- !ገንዘብ |ሊራ ቱርኪ ( TRY  ·  ₺ ) ። |- !ናይ ግዜ ፍልልይ |UTC +3 ( TSİ ) |- !ቅርጺ ዕለት |gg/aa/yyyy ( ዓ.ም ) . |- !ናይ ዋና ቮልቴጅ |230V–50Hz ዝበጽሕ እዩ። |- !ዋሕዚ ትራፊክ |ትኽክል |- !ናይ ቴሌፎን ኮድ | +90 |- !ISO 3166 ኮድ እዩ። |ቲ.ኣር |- !ናይ ኢንተርነት ዶመይን ስም |.tr |} '''ቱርኪ''' ወይ ብወግዒ '''ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ''' ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዝኣታ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ፡ እቲ ካልእ ክፋላ ድማ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ መቐጸልታ ሓውሲ ደሴት ባልካን ትራክስ ዝርከብ ስግረ - ኣህጉር ሃገር ’ ያ ። ብሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ምስ ቡልጋርያ ፣ ብምዕራብ ምስ ግሪኽ፣ ብሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ምስ ጆርጅያ ፣ ብምብራቕ ምስ ኣርመንያ ፣ ኢራንን ኣዘርባጃንን ፣ ብደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ድማ ምስ ዒራቕን ሶርያን ይዳወብ ። ብደቡብ ብደሴት ቆጵሮስን ባሕሪ ማእከላይ ባሕርን ፡ ብምዕራብ ባሕሪ ኤጅያን ፡ ብሰሜን ድማ ብጸሊም ባሕሪ ተኸቢባ ኣላ ። ባሕሪ ማርማራ ምስ ቦስፎረስን ዳርዳኔልስን ብሓባር ንኣናቶልያ ካብ ትራክስ ማለት ንኤስያ ካብ ኤውሮጳ ይፈልያ ። ኣብ መሬት ቱርኪ ዝነበረ ናይ መጀመርታ ሰፈራታት ኣብ ዘመነ ፓሊዮሊቲክ ’ ዩ ጀሚሩ። ዝተፈላለዩ ጥንታውያን ስልጣነታት ኣናቶልያ ከም ኣብ ምብራቓዊ ትራክስ ዝነበሩ ትራክያውያን ፡ ሄታውያን ፡ ፍሪጅያውያን ፡ ሊድያውያንን ብሰንኪ ወራር ዶርያውያን ካብ ግሪኽ ዝሃደሙ ኣካያውያን ዝተመስረተ ስልጣነ ኣዮናውያንን ስዒቡ ፡ ዘመነ ሄለኒስታዊ ዘመነ ሄለኒስታዊ ዕብለላን ስዕረትን ናይ ’ ቲ ... ንጉስ መቄዶንያ ኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ . ጸኒሑ ፡ ግዝኣት ሮማን ዘመነ ቢዛንታይንን ነይሩ፣ ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ኣናቶልያ ክርስትያናዊት ኮይና . ምስቲ ኣብ 1071 ብሰልጁካውያን ቱርካውያን ኣንጻር ቢዛንታይን ዝተዓወተ ውግእ ማንዚከርት ፡ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ዝነበረ ልዕልና ቢዛንታይን ብዓቢኡ ተበቲኹ፡ ኣናቶልያ ድማ በቶም ምስ ሰልጁካውያን ዝተኣሳሰሩ ጎይቶት ቱርኪ ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ተታሒዛ፡ ንጥፈታት እስልምናን ቱርኪ ምግባርን ድማ ተጀሚሩ መሬታት ኣናቶልያ። ኣብ ኮንያ ዝመደበሩ ኣናቶልያዊ ሰልጁክ ሱልጣንነት ኣብ ልዕሊ ካልኦት ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ዝነበሩ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ቀልጢፉ ዕብለላ ዝረኸበ ፡ ንኣናቶልያ ክሳብ እቲ ኣብ 1243 ኣንጻር ሞንጎላውያን ዝተሳዕረ ውግእ ኮሰዳግ ይገዝእ ነበረ። ድሕሪ ወራራት ሞንጎላውያን ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ዝደኸመት ሃገር ሰልጁክ ኣናቶልያ ፡ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ብዝነበረ ሓደስቲ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ተተኪኣ። ካብ መወዳእታ መበል 13 ክፍለ ዘመን ጀሚሩ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ኣናቶልያ ካብ ዝነበራ ርእሰ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ኮይኖም ናብ ቅድሚት ዝመጹን ናጽነት ዝረኸቡን ኦቶማን ፡ ኣብ መበል 14 ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ መሬታት ባልካን ብዝገበሩ ስዕረታት ዓቢ ሓይሊ ኮይኖም ኣብ ልዕሊ ካልኦት ርእሰ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ዓብላልነት መስሪቶም ኣብ ኣናቶልያ . ኦቶማንስ ፡ ካልኣይ ኣብ 1453። መሕመድ ንኢስታንቡል ስዒሩ ንሃጸይነት ቢዛንታይን መወዳእታ ምስ ገበረቶ ኢምፓየር ኰነት ። እቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኣብ መበል 16 ክፍለ ዘመን ብፍላይ ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ሱሌማን ቀዳማይ ዝለዓለ ጥርዙ በጺሑ ። II ኣብ 1683 ዓ . ከም ውጽኢት ናይቲ ድሕሪ ከበባ ቪየናን ን15 ዓመታት ዝቐጸለ ኲናት ቅዱስ ኪዳንን ዝረኸቦ ስዕረት፡ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ ልዕሊ ኤውሮጳ ዝነበሮ ልዕልና ኣብ መወዳእታ በጽሐ። ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን እቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ናብ ታንዚማት ዝበሃል ከቢድ መስርሕ ዘመናዊ ምግባር ኣተወ ። ኣብ ታሪኽ ቱርኪ ናይ መጀመርታ ጽሑፋዊ ቅዋም ብምእዋጅን ኣብ 1876 ባይቶ ብምኽፋትን ዝጀመረ ቀዳማይ ቅዋማዊ ንግስነት ዘመን ክሳብ 1878 ዝጸንሐ ኮይኑ ፡ ብ1908 ግን ብኻልኣይ ቅዋማዊ ዘመን ተዛዚሙ ። ቅዋማዊ ንግስነት ተኣዊጁ እቲ ቅዋም መሊሱ ኣብ ግብሪ ወዓለ። ይኹን እምበር፡ እቲ ጽገናታት ነቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ንኸይበታተን ኪዓግቶ ኣይከኣለን . እቲ ብ1914 ዝጀመረ ቀዳማይ ኲናት ዓለም ዝኣተወ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት፡ ብወገን ማእከላይ ሓይልታት ፡ ብሰንኪ እቲ ኲናት ተሳዒሩ፡ ብ30 ጥቅምቲ 1918 ኩሉ ሰራዊት ኢዱ ክህብ ዝብል ቅድመ ኩነት ተቐቢሉ፡ ብድሕሪኡ ድማ ብ... መሓዙት ሓይልታት . ከም ውጽኢት ናይቲ ብ16 መጋቢት 1920 ንኢስታንቡል ብምሓዛ ፡ ንገለ ኣባላት ባይቶ ብምእሳርን ምስጓጉን፡ ባይቶ ተዓጽዩ ፡ ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ ድማ ብ23 ሚያዝያ 1920 ኣብ ኣንካራ ብመሪሕነት ሙስጣፋ ከማል ፓሻ ተመስረተ ። ኲናት ናጽነት (1919-1922) ኣንጻር እቶም ኣብ ትሕቲ መሪሕነቱ ዝነበሩ ጎበጥቲ ሓይልታት ዕዉት ኮይኑ ንግስነት ኦቶማንን ግዝኣት ኦቶማንን ድማ ብዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ ብ1 ሕዳር 1922 ሱልጣንነት ምስተሰረዘ ታሪኽ ኮይኑ ። ድሕሪ ምእዋጅ ሪፓብሊክ ብ29 ጥቅምቲ 1923 ፣ ምድምሳስ ካሊፋትን ስደት ስርወ መንግስቲ ኦቶማን ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ብ3 መጋቢት 1924ን ኣብ ምቛም ዘመናዊ ኣገዳሲ ቦታ ዝህልዎ ተኸታታሊ ሰውራታት ተኻይዱ ቱርኪ . ቱርኪ ብፕረዚደንታዊ ስርዓት እትመሓደር ዲሞክራስያዊትን ዓለማውን ኣሃዳዊት ቅዋማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ’ ያ ። እቲ ወግዓዊ ቋንቋ ቱርኪ ኮይኑ፡ ቋንቋ መበቆል 85% ህዝቢ ’ ዩ ። ካብ 70-80% ናይታ ሃገር ብቱርካውያን ፡ ዝተረፈ ድማ ብመሰረት ውዕል ሎዛን ብሕጋዊ ኣፍልጦ ዘለዎም ሃገራት ( ቡልጋርያውያን ፡ ኣርመንያውያን ፡ ግሪኻውያን ፡ ኣሶራውያንን ኣይሁድን ) ፡ ከምኡ ’ ውን ብሕጊ ኣፍልጦ ዘይብሎም ኩርዳውያንን ካልኦት ህዝብታትን ( ኣልባንያውያን ፡ ቦዝንያውያን ፡ ሲርካስያውያን ጆርጅያውያን ፣ ላዝን ዛዛን ወዘተ ) ዝበዝሕ ህዝባ ሱኒ ኣስላም ’ ዩ ። ኣባል ማሕበረሰባት ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ ፣ ኔቶ ፣ OECD ፣ OSCE ን G-20ን ዝኾነት ቱርኪ ኣብ 1963 ተሓባባሪት ኣባል ቁጠባዊ ማሕበረሰብ ኤውሮጳ ኮይና ፣ ኣብ 1995 ናብ ሕብረት ጉምሩክ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ተጸንቢራ ምስ ኤውሮጳዊት ምሉእ ኣባልነት ድርድር ጀሚራ ሕብረት ኣብ 2005 ዓ.ም. ብተወሳኺ እታ ሃገር ኣባል ከም ውድብ ሃገራት ቱርኪ ፣ ኣህጉራዊ ውድብ ባህሊ ቱርኪ ፣ ውድብ እስላማዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ውድብ ቁጠባዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ዝኣመሰላ ትካላት እያ ። ሎሚ ቱርኪ ሳላ ወተሃደራዊ ዓቕማን ዲፕሎማስያዊ ተበግሶታታን ከም ዞባዊት ሓይሊ ትቑጸር ፤ ኣብ መስቀላዊ መንገዲ ኣህጉራት ኤውሮጳን ኤስያን ስለ እትርከብ ኣገዳሲ ጂኦስትራተጂካዊ ሓይሊ ኣለዋ ። == ስነ-ቓል ስነ-ቓል == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ስም ቱርኪ ስም ቱርኪ ካብቲ " ቱርኪ " ዝብል ናይ ብሄር መንነት ስም ዝመጸ እዩ።  እቲ መበቆላዊ መልክዕ ናይዛ ሎሚ እትብል ቃል ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ መበል 12 ክፍለ ዘመን ብኢጣልያውያን ንናይ ማእከላይ ዘመን ላቲን ከም ''ቱርቺያ'' ወይ ''ቱርክሜንያ'' ንናይ ሎሚ መሬት ቱርኪ ተጠቒሞም ዝተፈጥረት እያ ።  ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ማእከላይ ዘመን ዝነበሩ ጀርመናውያን ተጓዓዝቲ ነቲ ዞባ ''ቱርከይ'' ወይ ''ተርከንላንድ'' ኢሎም ይጽውዕዎ ነበሩ ፣ ፈረንሳውያን ድማ ''ቱርኪ'' ኢሎም ይጽውዕዎ ነበሩ ። ናይ ግሪኽ መተሓባበሪ ናይዚ ቃል ''ቱርክያ'' ( ብግሪኽ :  Τουρκία )፣ ሃጸይ ቢዛንታይንን ምሁርን ሄንሪ ሳብዓይ እዩ። ኮንስታንቲኖስ ኣብታ ''De Administrando Imperio'' እትብል መጽሓፉ ዝተጠቕመላ ።  ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ሓሓሊፉ ብኻልኦት እዋናውያን ሃገራት ''ቱርኪ'' ወይ ''ግዝኣት ቱርኪ'' ተባሂሉ ይፍለጥ ነበረ ። == ታሪኽ == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ታሪኽ ቱርኪ ከምኡውን ርአ፦ ታሪኽ ኣናቶልያን ታሪኽ ባልካንን ። === ቅድመ ታሪኽ === ቀንዲ ጽሑፋት ፡ ቅድመ ታሪኽ ኣናቶልያን ቅድመ ታሪኽ ባልካንን ከምኡውን ርአ፦ ዝርዝር ጥንታውያን መንግስታት ኣናቶልያን ትራክያንን ። እቲ ዝጸንሐ ስነ-ጥንታዊ ርኽበት ኣብ ሓውሲ ደሴት ኣናቶልያ ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ናይ ሎሚ መሬት ቱርኪ ዝቖመ ፡ ኣብ ሩባ ገዲዝ ዝተረኽበ መሳርሒ እምኒ ኮይኑ ፡ ካብ 1.24 ክሳብ 1.17 ሚልዮን ዓመት ዝዕድሚኡ እዩ።  ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ብፍላይ ኣብ ደቡባውን ደቡባዊ ምብራቕን ክፋላት እታ ሃገር ናይ መጀመርታ ዝፍለጡ ሰፈራታት ካብ ዘመነ ኣረጊት እምኒ ዝጅምሩ እዮም ።  እቲ Göbeklitepe ዝበሃል ስነ-ጥንታዊ ቦታ ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ 9600 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ከም ዝጅምር ዝግመት ኮይኑ ፡ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝጸንሐ ዝፍለጥ ሰብ ዝሰርሖ ህንጻ እዩ።  ኣብ ማእከላይ ኣናቶልያ ዝርከብ ቻታልሆዩክ ፡ ካብ 7500 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ወይ 5700 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ዝጅምር ኮይኑ ዝሕሰብ ፡ ካብ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክን ዘመነ ነሓስን ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝዓበየን ዝበለጸን ዝተዓቀበ ሰፈራ እዩ ።  እቲ ኣብ መንጎ 8200ን 6000ን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ከም ዝተሃንጸ ዝግመት ሰፈራ ቻዮኑ እውን ከም ኣብነት ናይዞም መዋቕራት ክቐርብ ይከኣል። ኣብ ቻናካለ ዝርከብ ኣብ ትሮይ ዝነበረ ሰፈራታት ኣብ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክ ዝጀመረ ኮይኑ ክሳብ ዘመነ ሓጺን ቀጺሉ። ዝተፈላለዩ ኣህዛብ ብሉይ ኣናቶልያ ክሳብ መጀመርታ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክ ኣብቲ ዞባ ጸንሑ።  ብዙሓት ካብዞም ህዝብታት ቋንቋታት ኣናቶልያ ይዛረቡ ነበሩ፣ እዚኦም ድማ ከም ጨንፈር ስድራቤት ቋንቋታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳውያን ይቑጸሩ ።  ገለ ተመራመርቲ ስነ-ፍልጠት ፡ ቋንቋታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳ ካብ ቋንቋ ሄታውያንን ቋንቋ ሉዊያንን ከም ዝተዘርግሑ ይሕብሩ፡ እዚኦም እውን ጥንታውያን ቋንቋታት ኣናቶልያ እዮም።  ብተወሳኺ ፡ ኣብ ኣህጉር ኤውሮጳ ንእሽቶ ክፋል ቱርኪ ዝቖመት ምብራቓዊት ትራስ ፡ ቅድሚ 40 ሽሕ ዓመት ዝጅምር ናይ ሰፈራ ታሪኽ ዘለዋ ኮይና፡ ነበርቲ ናይቲ ዞባ ድማ ሕርሻ ጀሚሮም ናብ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክ ኣትዮም ቅድሚ ክርስቶስ 6000 ዓመት ኣትዮም። ቀዳሞት ዝፍለጡ ነበርቲ ኣናቶልያ ሕብረተሰባት ሃቲን ሁርያን እዮም ። እዞም ክልተ ሕብረተሰባት፡ ህዝብታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳ ዘይነበሩ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ 2300 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ማእከላይን ምብራቓውን ኣናቶልያ ይነብሩ ነይሮም። ሃቲን ሁርያውያንን ብሄታውያን ተተኪኦም ፡ እቶም ሓደ ካብ ህዝብታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳውያን ዝኾኑ ሄታውያን ኣብ መንጎ 2000ን 1700ን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ናብ ኣናቶልያ ምስ መጹ እዮም። ሄታውያን ኣብ መበል 13 ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብቲ ዞባ ናይ መጀመርታ ዓቢ መንግስቲ መስሪቶም። ኣሶራውያን እውን ካብ 1950 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ክሳብ 612 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቓዊ መሬታት ናይ ሕጂ ቱርኪ ስዒሮም ሰፈሩ።  ኡራትያውያን ኣብ 9ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ሰሜን ዝነበሩ ኣሶራውያን ሓያላት ተቐናቐንቲ ምዃኖም ብጽሑፋት ኣሶር ተረጋጊጹ ።  ድሕሪ 612 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ዝኾነ ከቢድ ጽልዋ ከሕድሩ ዘይከኣሉ ኡራትያውያን ብ590 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ካብ ኢራን ብዝመጹ ሜዳውያን ተደምሲሶም ። ድሕሪ ምፍራስ ናይቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ማእከላይ ኣናቶልያ ዓቢ ዓብላልነት ዝመስረተ ግዝኣት ሄታ ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ 1180 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ፡ ፍሪጅያ ፡ ሓንቲ ካብ ህዝብታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳውያን ዝኾነት ፍሪጅያውያን ዝተመስረተት ፡ ክሳብ መጥቃዕቲ ሲመርያውያን ኣብ 7ይ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ልዕልና ረኺባ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅ.ል.ክ .  ድሕሪ ፍሪጅያ ፡ ሃገራት ሊድያ ፡ ካርያን ሊቅያን ስልጣን ረኺበን ኣብቲ ዞባ ድምጺ ረኺበን ።  ኣብ ዓውዲ ቁጠባ ኣብ ቅድሚት ዝመጹ ሊድያውያን ፡ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ኣናቶልያ ህላወኦም ቀጺሎም ክሳብ ብ546 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ብኣካሜኒድ ገዛኢ ቂሮስ ዓቢ ዝጠፍኡ ። === ጥንታዊነት፡ ዘመነ ሄለኒስትን ዘመነ ቢዛንታይንን። === ሰፈራታት ኤዮልያን ፣ ኣዮንያንን ግሪኽን ብሰፊሑ ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ኣናቶልያ ኣብ ከባቢ 1200 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ጀሚሩ ። ብዙሓት ኣገደስቲ ከተማታት በዞም ሰፋሮ ዝተመስረታ ከም ሚሌጦስ ፡ ኤፌሶን ፡ ስሚርናን ቢዛንታይንን ዝኣመሰላ ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ከተማ መጋራ ብመግዛእቲ ግሪኽ ብ657 ቅ.ል.ክ. ከምኡ ውን ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ኣብ 6ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ብስርወ መንግስቲ ኦሮንቲድ ኣርመንያ ኣብተን ሕጂ ዘለዋ ምብራቓዊ መሬታት ቱርኪ ሃገር ተመስረተት ። ኣናቶልያ ኣብ 6ይን 5ይን ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ትሕቲ ግዝኣት ኣከመኒድ ኢምፓየር ፡ ናይ ፋርስ ሃገር ኣትያ ፡ እዚ ልኡላውነት እዚ ድማ ክሳብ ስዕረት ንጉስ መቄዶንያ ኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ ኣብ 334 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ቀጺሉ።  ኣሌክሳንደር ናብ ውሽጣዊ ክፋል ኣናቶልያ ገስገሰ፤ ኣብ ፍሪግያን ቀጶዶቅያን ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ ኣብ ቂልቅያ በጽሐት ። ድሕሪኡ ፡ ኣብቲ ኣብ ከባቢ ኢስከንደሩን ( ኣንታክያ ) ዝተኻየደ ውግእ ኢሱስ ፡ ብድሕሪኡ ድማ ኣብቲ ኣብ ከባቢ ዒራቕ ዝተኻየደ ውግእ ጋውጋሜላ ፡ ገዛኢ ኣካመኒድ ሳልሳይ። ንዳርዮስ ኣዕነዎ ። ጸኒሑ ፋርስ ንጉስ ሳልሳይ። ንዳርዮስ ኣውዲቑ ንሃጸይነት ኣካመኒድ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ሰዓሮ ። ዓቢ ስዕረት ዘጋጠሞ ዳርዮስ ፡ ናብ ምብራቕ ኤፍራጥስ ተሰዲዱ ፡ በዚ ድማ ዕብለላ ፋርስ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ኣብቂዑ። ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ ፡ ምንቅስቓስ ባህላዊ ምትሕውዋስን ሄለኒዜሽንን ተጀሚሩ።  ድሕሪ ሃንደበታዊ ሞት ኣሌክሳንደር ኣብ ባቢሎን ብ323 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣናቶልያ ተኸፋፊላ ንኣሽቱ ሄለኒስታዊ መንግስታት ተቐልቀላ። እዘን ኩለን መንግስታት ኣብ መፋርቕ 1ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣካል ሪፓብሊክ ሮማ ኮይነን እየን።  እቲ ብኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ ምስ ስዕረታቱ ዝተበገሰ ምንቅስቓስ ሄለናይዜሽን ፡ ኣብ ግዜ ግዝኣት ሮማ ተቐላጢፉ። በዚ ምኽንያት እዚ ፡ ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ዘመናት ዝነበረ ቋንቋታትን ባህልታትን ኣናቶልያ ጠፊኡ ብቋንቋን ባህልን ግሪኽ ተተኪኡ። ብ324 ሃጸይ ሮማ ቆስጠንጢኖስ ቀዳማይ ንርእሰ ከተማ ናይቲ ግዝኣት ናብ ቢዛንታይን ኣግዒዙ ስም እታ ከተማ ናብ ኖቫ ሮማ ቀየሮ ። ክልተ ደቂ ሃጸይ ቴዎዶስዮስ ቀዳማይ (379-395) ድሕሪ ሞት ኣቦኦም ብ395 ንሃጸይነት ሮማ ኣብ ክልተ ክፋላት ማለት ምብራቕን ምዕራብን መቒሎምዎ ። እታ ርእሰ ከተማኣ ሮማ ኮይና ዝጸንሐት ምዕራባዊት ግዝኣት ሮማ ብ476 ፈረሰት። እታ ብህዝቢ ቁስጥንጥንያ (ኢስታንቡል) ተባሂላ እትፍለጥ ከተማ ፡ ርእሰ ከተማ ምብራቓዊ ግዝኣት ሮማ ኰነት . እቲ ድሒሩ ብሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ቢዛንታይን ዝፍለጥ ምብራቓዊ ግዝኣት ሮማ ፡ ንዓቢ ክፋል ናይ ሎሚ መሬት ቱርኪ ዓብሊሉ ክሳብ 1453 ቀጺሉ ነበረ፣ ቱርካውያን ኦቶማን ኢስታንቡል ምስ ሓዙ ። === ሰልጁክን ግዝኣት ኦቶማንን ዝበሃሉ ምዃኖም ይፍለጥ === ኦጉዝ ቱርካውያን ኣስላም ምስ ዝኾኑ ናብ እስላማዊ ዓለም ቀሪቦም ሰፊሮም ኣብ 9ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ ሰሜን ባሕሪ ካስፒያንን ባሕሪ ኣራልን ክሰፍሩ ጀመሩ ።  ካብ መበል 10 ክፍለ ዘመን ጀሚሮም ሰልጁካውያን ካብታ ኣቦታቶም ዝነብሩላ ዓዶም ማእከላይ ኤስያ ናብ ምዕራብ ክስደዱ ጀመሩ ፣ ንዓዲ ፋርስ ኣብ ውሽጢ ዶባቶም ብምሕዋስ ዓባይ ሃገር ሰልጁክ መስሪቶም ። ኣብ ካልኣይ መፋርቕ መበል 11 ክፍለ ዘመን ፡ ሰልጁካውያን ኣብ ምብራቓዊ ዞባታት ኣናቶልያ ክሰፍሩን ክዘምሩን ጀመሩ። ኣብ 1071 ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ሱልጣን ኣልፕ ኣርስላን ፣ ድሕሪ ውግእ ማንዚከርት ኣብ መንጎ ሰልጁካውያን ቱርካውያንን ግዝኣት ቢዛንታይንን ዓወት ሰልጁካውያን፣ ምንቅስቓስ ቱርኪ ምግባርን እስልምና ምግባርን ኣብ መሬት ኣናቶልያ ተጀሚሩ።  በዚ ምንቅስቓስ እዚ ቋንቋታት ቱርኪን እስልምናን ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ተኣታትዮምን ተዘርጊሖምን ። በዚ ድማ ኣብቲ ዞባ ልሙድ ዝነበረ ክርስትናን ግሪኽን ፡ በብቑሩብ ብእስልምናን ባህሊ ቱርኪን ተተኪኡ ። ድሕሪ ምብትታን ዓቢ ግዝኣት ሰልጁክ ፡ እቲ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ንኻልኦት መንግስታት ቱርኪ ዝዕብለል ዝነበረ ኣናቶልያ ሰልጁክ ሱልጣንነት ፡ ንኣናቶልያ ንነዊሕ እዋን ይገዝኣ ነበረ። ርእሰ ከተማኦም ኢዝኒክ ዝነበረት ኣናቶልያውያን ሰልጁካውያን፡ ኢዝኒክ ኣብ ቀዳማይ መስቀላዊ ውግእ ብቢዛንታይን ምስ ተታሕዘት ፡ ብ1097 ብሱልጣን ኪሊች ኣርስላን ቀዳማይ ርእሰ ከተማኦም ናብ ኮንያ ኣግዒዞም ፡ ካብታ ዕለት እቲኣ ጀሚሮም ድማ ኮንያ ርእሰ ከተማ መንግስቲ ሰልጁክ ኮይና። ኣብ ዘመነ ሱልጣን ኣላዒዲን ቀይኩባድ ቀዳማይ ወርቃዊ ዘመኖም ዘስተማቐሩ ሰልጁካውያን ድሕሪ ሞት ኣላዒዲን ቀዳማይ ናብ ናይ ደውታ እዋን ኣትዮም። ሞንጎላውያን ንሞት ኣላዒዲን ቀይኩባድ ከም ዕድል ወሲዶም ናብ ምብራቓዊ ዶብ ሰልጁካውያን ብምጥቃዕ ናብ ኣናቶልያ ክኣትዉ ፈቲኖም። ከም ሓቂ ኣብ ውግእ ኮሰዳግ ኣብ መንጎ መንግስቲ ሰልጁክ ኣናቶልያን ሞንጎላውያንን ኣብ ትሕቲ ትእዛዝ ባይኩ ኖያን ብ1243 ምስ ተሳዕረ ፡ ኣናቶልያ ኣብ ትሕቲ መግዛእቲ ሞንጎላውያን ኣተወት፡ መንግስቲ ሰልጁክ ኣናቶልያ ድማ ተዳኺማ ብስነመንግስታት ቱርኪ ተተኪኣ።  ካብዞም ርእሰ-መንግስታት ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ ሶጉትን ቢለቺክን ዝተመስረተ ርእሰ-መንግስቲ ኦስማኖጉላሪ ፡ ኣብ መወዳእታ መበል 13 ክፍለ ዘመን ናጽነቱ ኣዊጁ ። ብዑስማን ጋዚ ዝምራሕ ምምሕዳር ኦስማኖጉላሪ ኣብ ዝቐጸሉ ዓመታት በብቑሩብ እናዓበየ ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣናቶልያ ፡ ባልካን ፡ ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃን ሌቫንትን ዓብላልነት መስረተ ። ኣብ 1453 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ብመሪሕነት መሕመድ ርእሰ ከተማ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ቢዛንታይን ዝኾነት ቁስጥንጥንያ ተሳዒራ እታ ግዝኣት ታሪኽ ኮይና።  ድሕሪ እዚ ፍጻመ እዚ ኦቶማን ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኰኑ . ብ1514 ፡ ቀዳማይ ሰሊም ኣብ ውግእ ካልዲራን ንገዛኢ ሳፋዊ ሻህ እስማዒል ስዒሩ ዶባት ናይቲ ግዝኣት ናብ ምብራቕ ኣስፊሑ። ብ1517 ንሌቫንት፣ ግብጽን ኣልጀርያን ሒዙ ነቲ ኣብ ግብጺ ዝነበረ ምሕደራ ሱልጣንነት ማምሉክ ኣጥፊኡ ፣ እስላማዊ ካሊፋት ናብ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ከም ዝሓልፍ ኣረጋጊጹ ። ብድሕሪ ’ ዚ ኣብ መንጎ ግዝኣታት ኦቶማንን ፖርቱጋልን ኣብ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ፡ ባሕሪ ዓረብን ወሽመጥ ፋርስን ዝተፈላለየ ናይ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ውግኣት ተኻይዱ ኣብ ህንዳዊ ውቅያኖስ ልዕልና ንምርካብ ተኻይዱ ። ፖርቱጋላውያን ኣብ ልዕሊ ህንዲ ዝነበሮም ዕብለላ ብኦቶማን ከም ሓደጋ ተረዲኦምዎ። ምኽንያቱ ፡ ሳላ ኣብ መወዳእታ መበል 15 ክፍለ ዘመን ዝተራእየ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ርኽበታት ፡ ርኽበት ኬፕ ኦፍ ሰናይ ተስፋን ኣህጉር ኣመሪካን ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ምብራቕ ኤስያን ምዕራብ ኤውሮጳን ንግዲ ዝህቡ ዝነበሩ ኣረጊት መስመራት ንግዲ ፡ ኦቶማን ዝሓዝዎ፡ ናቶም ክስእኑ ገይርዎም ኣገዳስነትን ንቁጠባ ኦቶማን ብኣሉታ ዝጸለዎን ’ ዩ ። ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ መበል 16ን 17ን ክፍለ ዘመን ብፍላይ ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ሱሌማን ቀዳማይ ኣብ ጥርዚ ታሪኹ በጺሑ። ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ እቲ መሬት ብሸነኽ ምዕራብ ናብ ቅዱስ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ሮማ ገጹ ብምስፋሕ መላእ ባልካን፣ ማእከላይ ኤውሮጳን ደቡባዊ ክፋል ፖላንድን ተታሒዙ።  ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ኦቶማን ኣብ ባሕሪ ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ውድድራት ብምእታው ዓወት ረኺቡ። ባርባሮስ ሃይረዲን ፓሻ ብ1538 ኣብ ውግእ ፕረቨዛ ንመስቀላውያን ምስ ሰዓረ ፡ እቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኣብ ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ዝነበሮ ምቁጽጻር እናወሰኸ ከደ። ኣብ. ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ ምዕራብ ኤውሮጳ ዝተፈጸመ ሓደስቲ ምዕባለታት ከም ህዳሴ ፣ ሳይንሳዊ ሰውራ ፣ ዘመነ ምብራህን ኢንዱስትርያዊ ሰውራን ናብ ሃገሩ ከምጽእ ብዘይምኽኣሉ ካብ ግዜ ድሕሪት ተሪፉ ።  ​​ድሕሪ ምዝዛም ውግኣት ቅዱስ ኪዳንን ኣብ 1699 ዝተፈረመ ውዕል ካርሎዊትዝን ፡ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ቀስ ብቐስ ክጎድል ጀመረ ። ብዙሓት ጽገናታትን ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን ዝተኣወጀ ኣዋጅ ታንዚማትን ነታ ሃገር ዘመናዊ ንምግባር ዝዓለመ እዩ ነይሩ፤ ግን ኣይተዓወተን። ብተወሳኺ ፡ እቲ ንመሬታዊ ምሉእነት እታ ሃገር ንምሕላው ዝማዕበለን ዝተፈላለየ ሃይማኖታውን ብሄራውን መበቆል ዘለዎም ሰባት ብሓባር ክነብሩ ዝብል ሓሳብ ዘጠቓለለ ምንቅስቓስ ኦቶማኒዝም ክዕወት ኣይከኣለን ፡ ምብትታን ክከላኸል ኣይከኣለን .  ኣብ 1854 ኣብ እዋን ኲናት ክሪሚያ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ ናይ ወጻኢ ዕዳ ኣተወት ; እቲ ዕዳታት ግን ክኽፈል ኣይከኣለን። ኣብ ዝቐጸሉ 20 ዓመታት ኣብ ልዑል ደረጃ ብምብጻሕ ንቁጠባ ናብ ኣፍደገ ምኽሳር ብምድፋእ ንመንግስቲ ኦቶማን ኣብ ኣጸጋሚ ኩነታት ኣእትይዎ።  እዚ ስዒቡ ከም ምብራቓዊ ቅልውላው 1875-78ን ኲናት ሩስያን ቱርክን 1877-78ን ዝኣመሰሉ ሓደጋታት ኣጋጢሞም ። ከም ውጽኢቱ ድማ ቁጠባ ኦቶማን ዕዳታቱ ክኸፍል ብዘይምኽኣሉ ኣብ ዝዓነወሉ እዋን ፡ ዕዳታት ምእካብ ንምርግጋጽ ብኣለቃሕቲ ሃገራት ብ1881 ዓ.ም. በዚ ድማ ምቁጽጻር ኣታዊታት ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ናብ ኢድ እተን ኣለቃሕቲ ሃገራት ተሰጋጊሩ።  ኣብ መጀመርታ መበል 20 ክፍለ ዘመን ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ምስ ሓይልታት ኤውሮጳ ክነጻጸር እንከሎ ኢንዱስትርያዊትን ዘይማዕበለትን ሃገር ኮይና ።  እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እናሃለወ፡ ኦቶማናውያን ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ኤስያ ከይተረፈ ጽልዋኦም ዓቂቦም፡ ናብቲ ኣዝዩ ርሑቕ ዝነበረ ትሕትናኦም ዝኾነ ኣቸ ሱልጣንነት ሰራዊት ሰደዱ። ዶባትን ወተሃደራዊ ሓይልን ደረጃ ሃብትን ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ቀስ ብቐስ እናነከየ ምስ ከደ ፡ ኣብ ባልካን ዝነብሩ ኣስላም ብሰንኪ ዘጋጠሞም ስደት ናብ ኣናቶልያ ክስደዱ ጀመሩ።  ብተመሳሳሊ ፡ ከም ውጽኢት ናይቲ ሩስያውያን ንመሬታት ካውካሲያ ምውሳድ ፡ ኣብኡ ዝነበሩ ኣስላም ናብ ኣናቶልያ ገጾም ኣቕነዑ።  ኣብተን ናይ መወዳእታ ዓመታት ናይቲ ግዝኣት ፡ ምስ ምምጻእ ሃገራውያን ናዕብታት፡ ኣብ መንጎ ኣህዛብ ዝተፈላለየ ብሄራዊ ወጥሪ ተፈጢሩ፤ እዚ ብሄራዊ ወጥሪ ’ ዚ ፡ ከም ሕቶ ኣርመንያ ዝኣመሰሉ ዝተፈላለዩ ጸገማት ፈጢሩ ።  ሱልጣን ዳግማዊ። እቲ ንልዕሊ ዓቐን ምልካዊ ምሕደራ ዳግማዊ ዓብደልሓሚድ ከም ግብረ መልሲ ዝማዕበለ ምንቅስቓስ መንእሰያት ቱርኪ ፡ ብሰውራ ኣብ 1908 እዩ ጀሚሩ። ቅዋማዊ ንግስነት ተኣዊጁ።  ድሕሪኡ ፡ ወግዓዊ ናጽነት ቡልጋርያ ብ5 ጥቅምቲ 1908 ን ብሓደ ወገን ብኦስትርያ-ሃንጋሪ ብ6 ጥቅምቲ 1908 ምሕዋሳን ፡ ነቲ ኣብታ ሃገር ዝነበረ ህውከት ኣዕበዮ። ነዚ ፍጻመታት እዚ ስዒቡ ኲናት ትሪፖሊ (1911-12) ከምኡውን ውግኣት ባልካን (1912-13) ፣ ህይወትን መሬትን ብዙሓት ሰባት ከም ዝጠፍኡ ኣስዒቡ ። እቲ ብ23 ጥሪ 1913 ኣብ እዋን ቀዳማይ ውግእ ባልካን ዝተኻየደ Sublime Porte Raid ንሰለስተ ፓሻታት ናብ ስልጣን ኣምጺኡ ስልጣን ክሕዙ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ ። ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ ቀዳማይ ውግእ ዓለም ብወገን ማእከላይ ሓይልታት ኣትዩ ኣብቲ ኲናት ተሳዒሩ። ምስቲ ኣብ እዋን ኲናት ምስ ኣርመንያውያን ዝነበረ ዓሌታዊ ወጥሪ ምስ ተጋደደ ዝጸንሐ ሕጊ ምስጓግ ፡ ኣርመንያውያን ካብ ዞባ ምብራቓዊ ኣናቶልያ ናብ ሶርያ ብመንግስቲ ተሰዲዶም ። ኣብ እዋን ስደት ካብ 300,000 ክሳብ 1,500,000 ዝኾኑ ኣርመንያውያን ህይወቶም ከምዝሰኣኑ ዝተፈላለዩ ምንጭታት ይሕብሩ። እዚ ሞት ’ ዚ ብዝተፈላለዩ ምንጭታት ምጽናት ዓሌት ኣርመንያ ተባሂሉ ይግለጽ ’ ዩ ።  ወገን ቱርኪ እቶም ፍጻመታት ምጽናት ዓሌት ከምዘይኮኑን ኣርመንያውያን ጥራይ ከምዝተሰጋገሩን ገሊጹ።  ብዘይካ ኣርመንያውያን ፡ ግሪኻውያንን ኣሶራውያንን እውን እቲ ኲናት ኣብቲ ግዝኣት እናቐጸለ እንከሎ ተቐቲሎም ፡ እዞም ፍጻመታት እዚኣቶም ድማ ብገለ ምንጭታት ከም ምጽናት ዓሌት ተገሊጾም። ድሕሪ እቲ ውግእ እቶም ምስቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ዚተሓሓዙ ኣህዛብ ተፈላልዮም እተፈላለያ ሓደስቲ መንግስታት መስረቱ .  ብ30 ጥቅምቲ 1918 ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ምስ መሓዙት ሓይልታት ዕርቂ ሙድሮስ ፈረመ ።  እቲ ብ10 ነሓሰ 1920 ዝተኸተመ ውዕል ሰቭረስ ፡ ንመሬታት ኦቶማን ኣብ መንጎ ኪዳን ሓይልታት መቒሉ፡ ኣብ ግብሪ ክውዕል ግን ኣይከኣለን። [[መደብ:ቱርኪ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ሃገራት]] 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text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ፈረንሳይኛ. 267z0qiw8nom6rd3ar57v5yb7m3bevt 14 4389 18990 2017-06-14T21:12:49Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Colognian. el21bggszshmit64mho3syce9q7if9w 14 4390 18991 2017-06-14T21:12:49Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ላቲንኛ. lgrlusk3bejadj0lrzqkukg5u94euro 14 4391 18992 2017-06-14T21:12:49Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ራሽኛ. 8b4bmrvx1xm222gicgts8hn2niwyt0o 14 4392 18993 2017-06-14T21:12:49Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category 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lxxgcu7lfbgtigmxw8rttxdauxqz6dx 14 4449 19055 2017-07-06T04:41:52Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ጃፓንኛ. az5zkfl5jzgioxeoj0sfb9bxc1lkdl9 14 4450 19057 2017-07-13T00:22:36Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ኦሪያ. me4ms9caslsz7dolk9vb8pg96zh6p6a 14 4451 19058 2017-07-13T00:22:36Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Pali. opsvpzei9hp3o1gagnhf8nkupzjjbup 14 4452 19059 2017-07-13T00:22:36Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ካማደኛ. h6xlyjxcgo7w658fabmiytb4r2wrlhh 14 4453 19060 2017-07-17T08:46:08Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ላቲቪያን. j2mkekqecprr8t3gi4c3dbkbmucs2ml 14 4454 19061 2017-07-17T08:46:08Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Abkhazian. ikuq09gk47lvhnalezzxv9amrb2oxrr 14 4455 19062 2017-07-17T08:46:08Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Rundi. n3mx6gdkp06r4e1363k9lkdjyhb5cdl 0 4466 19092 19091 2017-08-29T21:06:21Z 194.132.223.146 added links wikitext text/x-wiki ምሉእ ስሙ [[wikipedia:Russell_Peters|ፒተርስ ይበሃል]]። ብ29 መስከረም 1970 ካብ ኣቦኡ ኤሪክ ፒተርስን ኣዲኡ ኣውሪን ፒተርስን ኣብ [[wikipedia:Toronto|ቶሮንቶ]] - ካናዳ ተወሊዱ። ኣብ ትምህርቱ ብሰንኪ ህንዳዊ መበቆሉ ኵሉ ግዜ ይጽረፍ ዝነበረ ራስል፡ መከላኸሊ ክዀኖ ብምባል ቦክሲንግ ከም ዝተማህረ እዩ ዝሕብር። ራሰል፡ ኣብ 1990ታት ፍሉጥ ዲጄይ ናይ ቶሮንቶ ከም ዝነበረ’ውን ይፍለጥ። እዚ ሕጂ ስሙ ሰማይ ኣዕሪጉዎ ዘሎ ሞያ ኮሜዲ፡ ኣብ 1989 ኣብ ቶሮንቶ እዩ ጀሚርዎ። ኣብ 1992 ነቲ መምህረይ ኢሉ ዝሰምዮ ጆርጅ ካርሊን ረኸቦ’ሞ፡ ነታ “ኣብ ዝኾነ ግዜን ቦታን ኣብ መድረኽ ደይብ፡” እትብል ምኽሩ ኣብ ልቡ ሓዛ። ኣብ ዝገበሮም ቃለ-መሕትታት እውን ምኽሪ ናይ ካርሊን ብዙሕ ከም ዝሓገዘቶ እዩ ዝዛረብ። ራሰል፡ ኣብ 2004 ኣብ ቴለቪዥን ካናዳ ዘቕረባ ምርኢት ኣብ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ‘ዩትዩብ’ ምስ ተዘርግሐት ብዝያዳ ተፈላጥነት ከጥሪ ከኣለ። ቀጺሉ ኣብ 2007 ኣብ ካናዳ ኣብ ዝገበሮ ምርኢት ልዕሊ 30 ሽሕ ትኬት ተሸጠ’ሞ፡ ብብዝሒ መሽጣ ትኬት ኣብ መላእ ካናዳ ዓቢ ስም ክሕዝ ከኣለ። ቀጺሉ’ውን ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ምርኢት ዘካየደ ራሰል፡ ዝለዓለ ቁጽሪ ተዓዘብቲ ክረክብ ብምኽኣሉ ኣብታ ሃገር ክብረ-ወሰን ክሰብር ከኣለ። ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ዘቕረቦ ምርኢት’ውን ዝለዓለ ቁጽሪ ተዓዘብቲ ስለ ዝረኸበሉ፡ ዓቢ ስም ኣትረፈ። ብመሰረት መጽሔት ‘ፎርክስ’፡ ካብ ሰነ 2009 ክሳብ ሰነ 2010 ኣስታት 15 ሚልዮን ዶላር ዘእተወ ራሰል፡ ምስ’ቶም ኣብ ዓለም ዘለዉ ኮሜድያውያን ክወዳደር እንከሎ ካብቶም ዝለዓለ ኣታዊ ዝግሕጡ እዩ። ብዘይካ’ዚ፡ ኣብ 2008 ልዕሊ 5 ሚልዮን ዶላር ብምእታዉ፡ ዝለዓለ ኣታዊ ዝረኸበ ኮሜድያን ተባሂሉ ብፍሉይ ተጠቒሱ እዩ። ናይ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣህዛብ ኣዘራርባን ኣደማምጻ ቃላትን ዝኽእል ራሰል፡ ዝበዝሐ ስርሓቱ ኣብ ዓሌት፡ ብሄርን ባህላዊ ልምድታትን ዘተኰረ እዩ። ናብ ጸርፊ ዘድሃበ ኮመድያዊ ስርሓት ስለ ዘቕርብ፡ ንብዙሓት ሰባት የቘጥዕ እዩ። ራሰል፡ ብ10 ሰነ 2010 ሞኒካ ዲያዝ ንዝተባህለት ጎርዞ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ሎስ ኣንጀለስ ናይ መርዓ ሕቶ ኣቕረበላ። ድሕር’ዚ ኣብ ውሽጢ 10 መዓልቲ ስነ- ስርዓት መርዓ ፈጸሙ። ኣብ ታሕሳስ 2010 ድማ ክሪስትያን ሜሪ ፒተርስ ዝተባህለት ጓል ተቦኮረ። ኣብ 2006 [[‘out sourced’]]፡ ኣብ 2008 ‘red white and brown’፡ ኣብ 2011 ድማ ‘the green cord tour’፡ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ 2013 ‘notorious’፡ ኣብ 2016 ‘almost famous’ ዝተሰምያ ኣዝየን ፍሉጣት ስርሓት ራሰል እየን። ናብ ዓዲ-እንግሊዝ፡ ኣመሪካ፡ ኣውስትራልያ፡ ኒውዝላንድ፡ ኣየርላንድ፡ ኣፍጋኒስታን፡ ሽወደን፡ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ፡ ህንዲ፡ ፍሊፕንስ፡ ቬትናምን ካልኦት ሃገራትን ብምኻድ ኮሜድያዊ ስርሑ ኣብ መድረኽ ወጽዩ ዘቕረበ ራሰል፡ ሕጂ’ውን ናብ ዝተፈላለያ ሃገራት ብምኻድ ስራሑ ናብ ህዝቢ ኣብ ምቕራብ ከም ዝርከብ ይሕብር። 7jtorwgbrn9skd0eif6cu21wwk3ih47 0 4475 21568 21529 2020-12-14T12:49:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C]] ([[User talk:2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:89.204.135.13|89.204.135.13]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{ኣልጀርያ}}''' [[File:.🇩🇿.svg|thumb]] {{ዓረባዊት ሃገር ኣብ ማእኸል ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃ}} [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] osyr0dgosxwl5plzjdrb4thmsrbq4kk 0 4477 23050 23008 2021-08-22T21:57:53Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሪፓብሊክ ህንዲ<br/> {{small|{{lang|hi|भारत गणराज्य}}<br>{{lang|en|''Republic of India''}}}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of India.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Emblem of India.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = সত্যম জয়তে | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = জণ গণ মন<br />[[ፋይል:Jana Gana Mana instrumental.ogg|140px|noicon|center]]<br />ሃገራዊ ደርፊ፦ বন্দে মাতরম | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Vande Mataram on Mohan Veena.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = India_(orthographic_projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ኒው ደልሂ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት]] [[ፓርላማውነት|ፓርላማዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = {{hlist |[[ሂንዲ]]|[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]}} | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ህንዲ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ራም ናዝ ኮቪንድ]] | መሰረት = መሰረት | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = •&nbsp;[[ምንቅስቓስ ናጽነት ህንዲ|ናጽነት]]<br />•&nbsp;[[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ዕለታት_መሰረት = <br />ካብ [[ብሪጣንያ]] <br />26 ጥሪ 1950 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = [[ህንዳዊ ህዝቢ|ህንዳዊ/ -ት]] | ስፍሓት = 3,287,263 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 9.6 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 1,352,642,280 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2018 | ባጤራ = [[ሩፒ ህንዲ]] (₹) ([[ISO 4217|INR]]) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]] +05:30 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.in]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +91 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 356 / IND / IN | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ው.ሕ.ሃ.]] }} '''ህንዲ'''፣ ወግዓዊት '''ሪፓብሊክ ህንዲ''' (ብ[[ሂንዲ]]፦ भारत गणराज्य፤ ብ[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ ''Republic of India'')፣ ኣብ ደቡብ [[ኤስያ|ክፍለ ዓለም ኤስያ]] እትርከብ ልኡላዊት ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ኒው ደልሂ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ህንዲ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤስያ]] 2eebc4gszsa9ls4f3gth3il668dywoc 0 4478 23552 22623 2022-04-27T17:34:12Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሪፓብሊክ ኣርጀንቲና <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República Argentina}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Argentina.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Argentina.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''En Unión y Libertad''<br />(''«ኣብ ሕብረትን ናጽነትን»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Himno Nacional Argentino''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Himno Nacional Argentino instrumental.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = ARG orthographic (+all claims).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ብወኖስ ኣይረስ]] [[ፋይል:Escudo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.svg|right|20px|ኣርማ ከተማ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ።]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] (''ብተግባር'') | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት]] [[ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ኣልበርቶ ፈርናንደዝ]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ኣዊጁ<br />&nbsp;• ኣፍልጦ ረኺቡ | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />{{ዕለት|9|07|1816|ዕድመ}}<br />{{ዕለት|9|07|1859|ዕድመ}} | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኣርጀንቲናዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 2,780,400 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 1,1 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 46,245,668 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2022 | ባጤራ = [[ኣርጀንቲናዊ ፔሶ|ፔሶ]] ($) | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC -3 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.ar]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +54 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 032/ARG/AR }} '''ኣርጀንቲና''' ({{lang-es|Argentina}}፣ {{IPA-es|ኣርሄንቲና|ኣደማምጻ|Es Argentina.ogg}})፣ ብወግዒ '''ሪፓብሊክ ኣርጀንቲና''' ({{lang-es|República Argentina}}፣ {{IPA-es|ረፑብሊካ ኣርሄንቲና|ኣደማምጻ}})፣ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ሸነኽ ናይ [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] እትርከብ ምስ [[ኣትላንቲካዊ ውቅያኖስ]] እትዳወብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ብወኖስ ኣይረስ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ኣርጀንቲና]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] ov3aenfj2wgegmmgg8stj9v7z4hyyi8 0 4479 19145 19144 2017-11-12T16:29:42Z 86.174.195.214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] 0ibhtcvd340uem819ct3uzafuiga888 0 4480 19146 2017-11-12T16:33:16Z 86.174.195.214 MATA NG AGILA wikitext text/x-wiki {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Flag of Romania.svg|thumb]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] 5knoq1zbf486xtq43ujzp54dm65zb0a 0 4481 24511 24085 2023-09-15T06:55:27Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል / መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb]] '''ግሪክ''' በአውሮፓ ውስጥ ያለ አገር ነው። [[መደብ:ሀገራት]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] aeqmbmnsdksy7q0n6lvcfq3c6187fis 0 4483 23704 23428 2022-06-14T18:34:28Z Joanmp14 5782 improvements wikitext text/x-wiki :''እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ ሃገር እዩ። ብዛዕባ ክፍለ ዓለማት ንተረድአ፣ [[ሰሜን ኣመሪካ]] ወይ [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] ኣንብብ።'' {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|en|United States of America}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of the United States.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''In God we trust''<br>(ብ[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ «ኣብ ኣምላኽ ንውከል») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''The Star-Spangled Banner''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Star Spangled Banner instrumental.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = USA orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ዋሺንግተን ዲ.ሲ.]] [[ፋይል:Seal of the District of Columbia.svg|20px|right|ኣርማ ከተማ ዋሺንግተን ዲ.ሲ.]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋታት ሕቡራት መንግስታት|ብፈደራላዊ ደረጃ ዝኾነ ቋንቋ የለን]] | ሃገራዊ_ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት]] [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ሕቡራት መንግስታት|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ጆ ባይደን]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ኣዊጁ<br />&nbsp;• ኣፍልጦ ረኺቡ | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ]] <br />4 ሓምለ 1776<br />3 መስከረም 1783 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኣመሪካዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 9,147,590 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 6.97 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 331,893,745 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ኣመሪካዊ ዶላር]] ($) | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC-5 ክሳዕ UTC-10 | ግዜ_ክረምቲ = UTC-9 ክሳዕ UTC-4 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = .us<br>.mil<br>.edu | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +1 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 840 / USA / US | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ሃገራት ኣመሪካ|ው.ሃ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ኪዳን ሰሜን ኣትላንቲክ|ው.ኪ.ሰ.ኣ.]] }} '''ሕቡራት መንግስታት''' ('''ሕ.መ.''')፣ (ብ[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ ''United States'') (US)፣ ብውግዒ '''ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ''' ('''ሕ.መ.ኣ.''')፣ (ብእንግሊዝኛ፦ ''United States of America'') (USA)፣ ወይ ብቐሊል '''ኣመሪካ''' (''America'')፣ ብሓምሳ ክፍለ ሃገራትን ፈደራላዊ ወረዳን ኣብ ዝቖመት [[ቅዋም|ቅዋማዊት]] [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] ዝተመስረተት [[ልኡላዊት ሃገር]] እያ። ብሰሜን ምስ [[ካናዳ]] ብደቡብ ድማ ምስ [[ሜክሲኮ]] ትዳወብ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ዋሺንግተን ዲ.ሲ.]] እያ። [[መደብ:ሕቡራት መንግስታት]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ሰሜን ኣመሪካ]] oc1c3dtqye27zpzslkc124lt3cw7q0o 0 4484 21825 21619 2021-01-06T11:36:06Z Rotondus 7275 መደብ:ሃገራት ሰሜን ኣመሪካ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|thumb]] {{ናይ ሃገር ትርኢት}} ስም= ካናዳ| ምሉእ_ስም = ካናዳr />ካናዳ| ባንዴራ_ስእሊ = ማሕተም_ስእሊ = [[Coat_of_arms_of_canada_rendition.svg]]| መዝሙር= "O canada"<br<>br><center>[[file:O Canada.sgg]]</center>| ስእሊ_ካርታ = ካናዳ in itsregion.svg| [[ርእሰ_ከተማ]] = [[ኦታዋ]] [[ሀገራዊ_ቛንቛ]] = [[እንግልዘኛ]] ፣[[ፈርንሰኛ]] [[ዓይነት_መንግሥቲ]] = ባይቶ ንጉሳዊ ኣገዛዝኣ|መራሒ_መዓርግ = <br> [[ጠቅላላይ ምንስተር]] ትሩዱ [[መራሒ_ስም]] = [[ጅስተን ትሩድው]]| [[መዓልቲ_ናፅነት]] = [[ሰነ ፳፭]] መዓልቲ [[1859]]<br />(ሓምለ ፩፣ ፲፰፻፷፯ እ.ኤ.አ)| ታሪኻዊ መዓልቲ = መዓልቲ ናጽነት| [[ስፍሓት_መሬት]] = 9,984,670| [[ስፍሓት_መሬት_ካብ ዓለም]] = ፪| [[ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ]] =35,151,728 ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ብግምት_ኣብ_ዓመት = 2016 እ.ኤ.አ. | [[ስም_ገንዘብ]] = ካናዳ ዶላር| [[ዞባዊ_ሰዓት]] = -3.5 ክሳብ -8| [[መእተዊ_ስልኪ]] = +1| [[መርበብ_ መራኸቢ]] = ca.}} ካናዳ አብ [[ሰሜን ኣመሪካ]] ትርከብ ሀገር'ያ ኰይና። ጎረቤት [[ዩናይትድ ስቴት ኣሜሪካን]] [[ግሪንላንድ]] እያ። 13 ክፍለ ሃገራት ኣለዋ። ርእሰ ከተማ [[ኦታዋ]] ትብሃል ኰይና ካናዳ ብስፍሓት ካብ ዓለም ካልአይቲ እያ። ድሕሪ [[ሩስያ]] ቀጺላ ማለት'ዩ። {{አብ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ ውሽጢ ዝርከባ ሃገራት}} {{መልክዕ}} [[መደብ:ሃገራት ሰሜን ኣመሪካ]] 2g3l4v7ebv6mkdx2634ndssot38wm0d 0 4485 22459 19314 2021-02-25T01:44:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞንጎሊያ]] to [[ሞንጎልያ]]: it was no Tigrinya, but Amharic wikitext text/x-wiki {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|thumb]] * [https://www.jw.org/ti/እዋናዊ/መጽሔታት/g201507/ምብጻሕ-ሞንጎልያ-ሓበሬታ/ ናብ ሞንጎልያ እተገብረ ምብጻሕ] [[Category:ሀገራት]] bm9in1j9a0egzvwu588z3ej8t4oi0wq 0 4486 19152 2017-11-12T16:46:16Z 86.174.195.214 MATA NG AGILA wikitext text/x-wiki {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Flag of Moldova.svg|thumb]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] 8s2qc27cypdbk1d59atmmx286845zc5 0 4498 24275 22686 2023-05-29T21:08:20Z Joanmp14 5782 article updated wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ብራዚል | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|pt|República Federativa do Brasil}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Brazil.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Brazil.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Ordem e progresso''<br>(ብ[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]]፦ «[[ስርዓትን ምዕባለን]]») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Hino Nacional Brasileiro''<br>(ብፖርቱጊዝኛ፦ «[[ብራዚላዊ ሃገራዊ መዝሙር]]») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Hino-Nacional-Brasil-instrumental-mec.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = BRA orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ብራዚልያ]] [[ፋይል:Brasão do Distrito Federal (Brasil).svg|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት]] [[ፈደረሽን|ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ልዊዝ ኢናስዮ ሉላ ዳ ሲልቫ]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ምእዋጅ<br />&nbsp;• ምቕባል | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ፖርቱጋላዊ ግዝኣት|ፖርቱጋል]]<br />7 መስከረም 1822<br />29 ነሓሰ 1825 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ብራዚላዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 8,515,767 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0,65 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 218,689,757 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2023 | ባጤራ = [[ብራዚላዊ ረያል]] (R$፣ <code>[[ኣይ.ኤስ.ኦ. 4217|BRL]]</code>) | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC -5 ክሳብ -2 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.br]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +55 }} '''ብራዚል''' ({{lang-pt|Brasil}})፣ ብወግዒ '''ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ብራዚል''' ({{lang-pt|República Federativa do Brasil}})፣ ምብራቓዊ ፍርቂ ኣህጉርን [[ዝርዝር ደሴታት ብራዚል|ገለ ጉጅለታት ንኣሽቱ ደሴታት]] ኣብ [[ኣትላንቲክ ውቅያኖስ]]ን ዝሓቖፈት ኣብ [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] ልኡላዊት ሃገር እያ። ርእሰ ከተማኣ [[ብራዚልያ]]፣ ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዘለዋ ከተማኣ ድማ [[ሳኦ ፓውሎ]] እያ። ኣብ [[ኣመሪካ (ኣህጉር)|ኣመሪካ]] ሳልሰይቲ ዝዓበየት ሃገር እያ። ልዕሊ 8.5 ሚልዮን [[ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]] ዝግመት ስፍሓት ዘለዋ ኮይና፣ ብጠቕላላ ስፍሓት (ማዕረ 50% መሬት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ) ኣብ ዓለም ሓሙሻይ ዝዓበየት ሃገር እያ። [[መደብ:ብራዚል]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] 4xkmgk2vt389016nak4ha250oggp28f 0 4500 19197 2018-01-31T17:17:33Z 86.129.28.221 SERVER ERROR! wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|thumb|right|ኡጋንዳ]] ኡጋንዳ [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] l3a96vl1qzqkkgxqd3cv3vk6fg2fzp4 0 4501 24481 24086 2023-09-14T09:13:43Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል, መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|thumb|right]] '''አይቮሪ ኮስት''' [[መደብ:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] {{stub}} l77uo1e2v7ip3kjby0ibw57j7wd1dp8 0 4502 23461 23457 2022-02-19T02:55:56Z BRPever 4324 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/89.204.155.108|89.204.155.108]] ([[User talk:89.204.155.108|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:XXBlackburnXx|XXBlackburnXx]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|thumb|right|ቡርክና ፋሶ]] ቡርክና ፋሶ [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] {{stub}} gxhxbwv8tbnvlqvcd2p7gtqavnz0hxi 0 4503 21821 19200 2021-01-06T11:31:04Z Rotondus 7275 መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|thumb]] አልባኒያ [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] 59l9cs1x26rdow2du6lzarlpclwovd4 0 4504 19201 2018-01-31T17:29:03Z 86.129.28.221 SERVER ERROR wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|thumb]] ጋና [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] {{stub}} ddgqsf6kff5kbssk8pggf8wvuccg4co 0 4506 20351 20324 2020-03-06T04:48:04Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:86.190.185.255|86.190.185.255]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|thumb]] ባንግላዴሽ [[Category:ሀገራት]] aon7w39lnibi96210x1xi1haqr2xhbj 0 4507 21328 19205 2020-10-18T21:48:39Z 93.157.169.14 fix -ator wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|thumb]] '''ታይዋን''' − [[ቻይና]] ሪፐብሊክ [[Category:ሀገራት]] tnljoa0axapuj0uqcvj2a9ieyl7d5ki 0 4509 24087 23773 2023-01-19T14:28:15Z Sakura emad 7824 +R wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Iran.svg|thumb| ]] [[ፋይል:Flag of Iran.svg|thumb|ኢራን]] [[ፋይል:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|thumb| ]] '''ኢራን''' (ፋርስኛ: ''ایران'') ኣብ [[ሃገር]] ኢያ ኣብ ምዕራብ ኤስያ ዝርከብ። [[Category:ኢራን]] {{Stub}} 2e60tld157rx5angi8ok4hwmas4zux8 14 4510 19208 2018-02-17T15:36:57Z 86.190.185.255 /* 500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ሀገራት]] 3xdwiqphzrcpfgq6ovkmxpr19xd992w 0 4511 19214 2018-02-21T20:56:32Z 86.190.185.255 /* INTERNAL SERVER ERROR */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Gambia.svg|thumb|right|250px|ጋምቢያ]] '''ጋምቢያ''' [[Category:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] k2qnh31f1u638y673iwr64ry53cjj8v 0 4512 23754 23267 2022-08-05T20:44:29Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Flag of Pakistan.svg|thumb|ፓኪስታን]] '''ፓኪስታን''' [[Category:ፓኪስታን| ]] {{stub}} oshhsclpk3jprsgltl51q4lf794mjz4 14 4513 19217 2018-02-23T19:46:20Z 86.190.185.255 /* MATA NG AGILA */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ሀገራት]] 3xdwiqphzrcpfgq6ovkmxpr19xd992w 14 4517 19227 2018-04-10T05:02:42Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (China). co0ul3a9zenvw2uqz4woeaiu979f4rq 14 4518 19229 2018-04-10T05:02:42Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (Taiwan). tfjpufco118botoeyimq3dm9k96i81i 14 4519 19230 2018-04-10T05:02:42Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (Hong Kong). 9gj91e0ng5hl61ymzdtrs9rezj4b44y 0 4530 24685 24454 2024-01-22T02:07:44Z 154.179.48.204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር|ወግዓዊ_ስም=ሰንዓፈ|መበቆላዊ_ስም=በለው - ከለው ፡ መጠራ|ሕብረት=ዞባ ደቡብ ኣውራጃ ኣከሎ - ጉዛይ|ልዕለሕብረት=200 ዓድታት|ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ=መንነትና ክብረትና|ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ=ትግርኛ+ሳሆ|ቋንቋ_ስራሕ=ትግርኛ+ዓረብ ስፍሓት_ቦታ=131 ትርብዒት ኪሎመተር|ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ=35 000|መዘኻኸሪታት=50 % ትግርኛ 50 % ሳሆ ክልኦት|መዘኻኸሪ1=200 ዓድታት}} == <big>ሰንዓፈ</big> == <big>'''<big>ሰንዓፈ</big> ''( senafe በልው-ከልው)''''' ሓንቲ ካብ ከተማታት ኤርትራ ኮይና፡ ኣብ ወሰን ከበሳታት ካብ [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] [[ኣስመራ]] ንደቡባዊ ኣንፈት 136 ኪ.ሜ ተደኲና ትርከብ። ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ሓደ ካብቶም ዓሰርተው ክልተ ምምሕዳራዊ ወረዳታት ዞባ ደቡብ ኮይኑ ብሰሜን ምስ ዓዲ-ቀይሕ፡ ብምዕራብ ምስ ጸሮና፡ ብምብራቕ ምስ ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ-ባሕሪ፡ ብደቡብ ድማ ምስ ኢትዮጵያ ትዳወብ። ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ኣስታት [[200 - ወረዳ ሰንዓፈ|ክልተ ሚኢቲ ( ወረዳ ሰንዓፈ ክልተ ሚኢቲ ዓድታት)]] ገጠራት ተመሓድርን እንክትከውን ኣብ ውሽጣ ድማ ትሽዓተ ከባብያዊ [[ምምሕዳራት]] ሓቛፋ ኣላ። እዛ ከተማ ኣብ 118 ዓዳዊ ምምሕዳራዊ ከባቢታት ኣስታት ሚኢቲ (100 ሽሕ) ሽሕ ሰባት ዝነብሩላ ይቕመጥዋ።</big> <big>ኣብ [[ምምሕዳር ሰንዓፈ]] ዝርከብ ዝነውሐ እምባ ሶይራ እዩ። ካልኦት ንሰንዓፈ ዝኸበቡ ነዋሕቲ ኣኽራናት ከም [[እምባ መጠራ]] ፡ [[እምባ ሳይም]] ፡ [[እምባ ታሪኻ]] ኣለዉ እዮም። [[ከረን እምባ ደርሆ]]፡ [[ፋርክላ]]፡ ዓይኒ ሰንዓፈ ካላኦትን ኣብ ዙርያ ሰንዓፈ ኮይኖም ንምስላ ዘወቕቡ ተፈጥራዊ ቅርጽታት እዮም። [[ከተማ ሰንዓፈ]] ኣብ መንጎ [[ጎቦታትን እምባታትን]] እተዶኮነት ኣዝያ ምጭውቲ ንእሽቶን [[ከተማ]] እያ። ብምኽንያት ብራኸ ዝሕል ዝበለ ኩነታት ኣየር ዘለዋ፡ ብዙሓት ዓድታት ኣብ ዙርያ ዝሓዘት ዝሓቖፈት እያ። እምባ ክብሃል ስማ ዝጥቀስ ተበሃጊት ከተማ እውን እያ። ኣብ ዓይኒ ሰንዓፈ ኴንካ እንክትጥምት፡ እታ ከተማ [[ብቤተክርስትያናትን]] [[መሳጊድን]] ወቒባ ትረኣይ። [[እምባ መጠራን ታሪኻን]] ተወሳኺ ጽባቐ ዝፈጥሩላ ባህሪያዊ ትዕድልታ እዩም።</big> <big>ኣብ ሰንዓፈን ከባቢኡ ብብዝሒ ብህዝቢ ትግርኛን ክኸውን እንከሎ ገለ ውሑዳት ህዝቢ ሳሆን እውን ዝነብር ሕብረተሰብ ኣለዉ። መብዛሕቲኡ ብክቡር [[ባህልን ሃብታም ልምድታትን]] ዝውንን ህዝቢ ዘለዋ እያ። ብዑናታት መጠራ ፡ በለው ከለው ፡ ቤተክርስትያን እንዳ- ፃድቃን ከምኡ እውን በቲ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ብዘሎ ታሪኻዊ ሓወልቲ ትፍለጥ። ገለ ካብዞም ታሪኻዊ ቦታታት ድማ [[በለው ከለው]] ፡ [[መጠራ]] ብደቡብ [[ቖሓይቶ]] ፡ ብሰሜን ድማ [[ከስከሰ]]፡ ታሪኻ እዮም።</big> === <big>ኣቀማምጣ</big> === <big>'''ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ''' ኣስታት 1231 ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ ስፍሓት ኣለዋ ። እቲ ዝበረኸ ጫፍ ኤርትራ ዝኾነ [[እምባ ሶያራ]] ካብ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ 3013 ሜትሮ ልዕሊ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ተቐሚጡ ኣሎ። እታ ከተማ  ከባቢ ዓሰርተ ሽሕ ጫማ ካብ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ተዶኲና ትርከብ።  ዝርጋሐ ማይ ከባቢ 40 0ሚ.ሜ ኣብ ጽቡቕ ክራማት ድማ ከባቢ 900ሚ.ሜ ኣብ ዓመት ኣቢሉ ይረክብ። ኩነታት ኣየር እዚ ከባቢ ንወዲ ሰብ ባህታ ዝፈጥር፡ ንመሬት ብሓምላይ ሳዕሪ ዝሽፍን፡ ዝተፈላለያ ዘቤታዊ እንስሳታት እንተላይ እንስሳታት ገዳም ከም [[ኢራብ፡ ዓጋዘን፡ መፍለስን ዛግራን ዝፋረያሉን]] ብዘደንቕ ዝዘላሉን ስለዝኾነ፡ ብዙሓት ተቐማጦ ካልእ ከባቢ መሬቶም ኣብ ከምዚ ዓይነት ሃዋህው ተለዊጡ ብደስታን ፍስሃን ክነብሩ ይሓልሙ ነበሩ።</big> <big>እዚ ቦታ እዚ ፡ እተፈላለየ [https://www.eriswiss.com/news-eritrea/%E1%88%8C%E1%88%8B-%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5-%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A-%E1%8C%B8%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%B3%E1%89%B5-%E1%8B%9E%E1%89%A3-%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A1%E1%89%A5/ ታሪኻዊ ኣርከናውን ኣርኪዮሎጂካዊን ጂኦግራፍያውን] ኣገዳስነት ዘለዎ ቦታታት እዩ ። ብዘይካ’ቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ’ቲ ንኡስ ዞባ ዝርከቡ ታሪኻዊ ቦታታት ከም መተራ ታሪኻዊ ቦታ፡ ካልኦት ብኣርኪዮሎጂን ታሪኻውን ትርጉም ዘለዎም ቦታታት ከም ቆሃይቶን ተኮንዳዕን ኣለዉ።መጠራ ፡ ብ በለው- ከለው እውን ዝፍለጥ ፡ ካብ ከባቢ 7ይ ቅ.ል.ክ ክሳብ 7ይ ድ.ል.ክ. ሓደ ካብ ጽዑቕ ንግዳዊ ንጥፈታት ዝካየደሉ ዞባ ምዃኑ ይእመን ።</big> === መነባብሮ === <big>ነበርቲ [[ከተማ ሰንዓፈ]] ብማሕረስን መጓሰን ስለ ዝናበሩ፡ ብዙሕ ዓይነት ኣእካል፡ ከም [[ማሸላ፡ ስርናይ፡ ስገም፡ ባልዶንጋ፡ ዓተርን ብርስንን]] የእትውን። ብተወሳኺ ዝተፈላለያ እንስሳታት ዘቤት ከም በዓል [[ጠለቢጊዕ፡ ከፍቲ፡ ኣፍራስ፡ ኣእዱግ፡ ኣኽላባት|ጠለቢጊዕ፡ ከፍቲ፡ ኣፍራስ፡ ኣእዱግ፡ ደርሁ]] የፋርዩ። ኣብ ፍሉያት ንኣሽቱ ኮማት ተመቓቒሎም ህይወቶም በቶም ዝመረጽዎም [[ዓበይቲ ዓድን መራሕቲ ሃይማኖትን]] ብሰላም የካይዱ። ማሕበራዊ ምትእስሳሮም ድማ እቶም [[ሳሆ]] ኣብ ቀቢላዊ ኣረዳድኣ ዝተሞርኮሰ ክኸውን እንከሎ፣ እቶም ዝተረፋ ኣውራ ኣብ ከባቢታት ዝነብሩ ድማ ኣብ [[ብሄራዊ፡ ዓዳዊ፡ እንዳውን ስድራ-ቤታውን|ብሄራዊ፡ ዓዳዊ፡ እንዳውን ፡ ስድራ-ቤታውን]] ምትእስሳር ዝተሓጽረ ነበረ።</big> == '''ታሪክ''' == <big>'''መእተዊ፦''' ታሪኽ ማለት ዛንታ ሰብ ማለት እዩ። ዛንታ ሰብ ማለት ከኣ ኩሉ’ቲ ሰብ ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዝቕልቀል ኣትሒዙ ዘሕለፎ ተሞክሮን ዝገበሮ ንጥፈታትን ማለት እዩ። ስለ’ዚ ሰብ ካብ ቅድሚ ዓሰርተታት ኣሽሓት ዓመታት ዝጅምር ነዊሕ ታሪኽ ኣለዎ። ታሪኽ እምበኣር ሕብረተሰብ ካብ ዝተሓተ ደረጃ ናብ ዝለዓለ ደረጃ ከመይ ኢሉ ብደፋእታ (ቀስ እንዳበለ) ከም ዝተጓዕዘን ከም ዝማዕበለን ዝምህረና ኣገዳሲ ዓውደ ፍልጠት እዩ። ታሪኽ ብዛዕባ ዝሓለፈ ተሞክሮ ሕብረተሰባት: ዓወታትን ስዕረታትን: ሓይልን ድኻማትን ይምህረና። ካብኡ ምህሮ ረኺብና ህይወትና ብዝሐሸ ንኽንመርሕ ይሕግዘና። ስለዚ ታሪኽ ማዕከን ፍልጠትን ልቦናን እዩ። ታሪኽ ምምሃር ስልጥንቲ ሃገር ኣብ ምህናጽን ራህዋ ዘለዎ መነባብሮ ኣብ ምፍጣርን ይሕግዘና።</big> === <big>ታሪክ ሰንዓፈ</big> === <mapframe latitude="14.690878" longitude="39.437828" zoom="11" width="200" height="164" align="right" /><big>ኣመጻጽኣ መበቆላዊ ስም [[ሰንዓፈ]] ብዙሕ ንጹር እኳ እንተ ዘይኮነ፡ ብኣፈ ታሪክ ከምዝንገር ግን ካብ [[ሰንዓ የመን]] ናብ ደብባዊ ወገን እንዳ ተጓዕዙ ቀንዮም ኣብ [[ዓቐብ ታሪኻ]] ኣዕረፉ። ጸልማት ስለዝነበረ ክዕርፉ ኣግማሎም ኣራጊፎም ደቐሱ። ንጽባሒቱ ኣንጊሆም ክነቕሉ ክብሉ ሰፈራታት ዘለዎ ክንዮ ማዕዶ[[ጎቦ]] ተዓዘቡ። ሰንዓፈ ኣብ መንጎ ጎቦታትን እምባታትን እተዶኮነት ልጎም ምስረኣዩ፡ ነትታዝገደፍዋ ሃገር ዘኪሮም ሰንዓፈ ኢሎም ይበሃል። በዚ መሰረት ሰንዓፈ ማለት [[ሰንዓ ኣብዚ ኣላ]] ማለት እዩ። ኾይኑ ግን ሰንዓፈ ናይ ጥንቲ ስማ ከምዘይነበረ ብዙሓት ምንጭታት ይሕብሩ እዮም። ሓደ ካብ ናይ ጥንቲ ስማት ሰንዓፈ [[በለው ከለው]] ፡ [[መጠራ]] ፡ [[ከስከሰ]] እዮም። ቅድሚ ሰንዓፈ ምስማያ [[ "ሓኪር"]] ተባሂላ ትጽዋዕ ነይራ እያ። [[ "ሓኪር"]] ዝብል ቃል ካብ [[ "ሓኾረ"]] ዝብል ናይ ትግርኛ [[ "ትግርይና"]] ግሲ ዝነቐለ ኮይኑ ምድያብ ዝብል እውን የስምዕ እዩ። ብ ከባቢ [[1454]] ኣቢሉ ዝተወስደ ምድራዊ ስእሊ ናይ ሰንዓፈ ኣብ ቀዳሞት መዝገብ ናይ ምድራዊ ስእሊ ኣብ ሃገረ [[ግብጺ ኖቨሎ]] ተሰኒዱ ይርከብ ኣሎ።</big> === <big>ቕድመ ታሪኽ</big> === <big> ምድረ-ፑንት 4000 ዓመታት ይገብር እዚ ኣብ ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ ዘሎ ዞባ: ማለት ገማግም [[ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ኤርትራ: ሱዳን: ጅቡቲን ሰሜናዊ ክፋል ሶማልያን ]] ምድረ-ፑንት ይበሃል ነበረ። [[ግብጻውያን]] ክነግዱ ብባሕሪ ናብ [[ምድረ-ፑንት]] ይመጹ ነበሩ። [[ዕጣን: ከርበ: ወርቂ: ስኒ ሓርማዝን ክንቲት ሰገንን]] እቶም ቀንዲ ካብ [[ምድረ-ፑንት]] ዝውሰዱ ኣቕሑ ነበሩ። ኣብ [[መበል 8ይ ዘመን ቅድሚ ሓባራዊ መዋዕል]] (ቅ.ሓ.መ.) ድማ ሓደ [[ዳዓማት]] ዝበሃል ንግስነት ተመስሪቱ ነበረ። [[ዳዓማት]] ካብ [[ኣዱሊስ]] ጀሚሩ ክሳብ ከባቢ [[ኣኽሱማውያን]] ዝዝርጋሕ ዓቢ [[ንግስነት]] እዩ ነይሩ። </big> [[ፋይል:በለው ከለው|thumb]] <big>ድሕሪ ውደቀት ዳዓማት [[ሓበሻ ወይ ኣኽሱማውያን]] ተባሂሎም ዝፍለጡ ሴማውያን ህዝብታት ንጥንታዊት ከተማ ኣኽሱም ከም መቐመጢ መንግስቶም ጌሮም ሸውዓተ [[ክፍለ ዘመን ]] ክፍለ ዘመን ዝጸንሐ ኣዝዩ ሓያልንን [[ገዚፍን ስልጣኔኣዊ ስርወ መንግስቲ]] ኣብ ናይ ሎሚ [[ትግራይን ከበሳ ኤርትራን]] ከምኡ ምዕራባዊ ገማግም [[ቀይሕ ባሕሪ]] ክምስርቱ ከም ዝኸኣሉ ውን ማንርሆይ ይገልጽ፡፡ እዞም [[ሓበሻ ወይ ኣኽሱማውያን]] ዝበሃሉ ህዝቢ ካብቶም ቅድሚኦም ዝነበሩ ሳባውያን ዝፈለቑ ድዮም ዋላስ ካልኦት ዝብል ሕቶ ኣልዒሉ ክምልስ ከሎ፡ ማንሮሆይ “ብጀካ ዝተወሰነ ምምስሳል [[ሳባውያንን ደኣማታውያንን ብሓበሻ]] ተዋሒጦም ደኣ ይኾኑ እምበር ንሳቶም ባዕልቶም ነቲ [[ኣኽሱማዊ ስልጣነ]] ከምዝቐጸልዎ ዝገልጽ ጽንኩር ሓበሬታ ከም ዘየለ” የቐምጥ፡፡ በቲ በለቲ [[ኣኽሱማዊ ስልጣነ]] ካብ ሓያላትን ኣዝዮም ፍሉጣት ጥንታውያን ስልጣነታት ዓለምና ኮይኑ ክወጽእ ናይቲ ዘመን ብሉጽ ካብ ዝበሃሉ ቴክኖሎጂ ስነ ህንጻ፣ መስኖ ሕርሻ፣ ሰርዓተ መንግስቲ፣ ገንዘባዊ ንግዲ፣ ሞጎዓዝያ ባሕሪን ሰብ ዋና ኣግኣዝያን ምኻኖም ብድርሳናት ታሪኽን ኣብ ልዕሊ ምድርን ብዘለው ሓድግታት ከምኡ ውን ብኻዕቲ ዝተረኸቡ ቅርስታት ዝዛረብዎ ሓቂ እዩ፡፡ ዳሕራይ ስርወ [[ መንግስተ ኣኽሱም ]] [[ሃይማኖት ክርስትና]] ምስተቐበለ ውን ኣስተምህሮታት [[ ሃይማኖት ክርስትና ሃይማኖት፡ ፍልስፍናን ]] ብበዓል [[ ቁዱስ ያሬድ]] ዝተምሃዙ ኣምራት [[ሙዚቃን ግእዛዊ ሰልጣኔታት]] ከምዝኾኑ ተነጺሩ ዝተቐመጠ እዩ፡፡ </big> <big> ከምዚ ኢሉ እንከሎ ቅድሚ ኣስታት 2300 ዓመታት ከኣ ኣብ ገማግም ቀይሕ ባሕርን ከበሳን ብዙሓት ንኣሽቱ ናይ ንግዲ መደበራት ነበራ። እዘን መደበራት ከኣ ምስ ግዜ ናብ ከተማታት ማዕበላ። እተን ቀንዲ ከተማታት ከኣ ኣዱሊስ: ቆሓይቶ: ከስከሰ: ተኾንዳዕ: መጠራ ነበራ። እተን ኣውራ ፍሉጣት ዝነበራ ግን ኣዱሊስን ቆሓይቶን እየን። ኣዱሊስ ከም ዓባይ ጥንታዊት ወደብ: ማእከል ንግድን ፍልጠትን ነበረት። ህንጻታታ ሎሚ ተደቢዩ’ኳ እንተ’ሎ ኣሰሩ ኣብ መጻኢ ብስነፍልጠታዊ ኩዕታ ክወጽእ እዩ። ኣብ’ቲ እዋን’ቲ ከተማታት ብነጋሲ ዝበሃል ሹመኛ ይመሓደራ ነበራ። ነጋሲ ማለት ኣካቢ ግብሪ ማለት እዩ። ግሪኻውያንን ሮማውያንን ክነግዱ ናብ ገማግም ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ኤርትራ ይመጹ ነበሩ: ብዘይካ’ዚ ንግስነት መረዊ ናይ ሱዳን’ውን ምስ ከባቢና ንግዳዊ ርክብ ነበሮ። በዚ መሰረት ጥንታዊ ምምስራት ናይ ሰንዓፈ ዝጀመረ። </big> ==== ከስከሰ ==== <big>ከስከሰ፡ ሓንቲ ካብተን ኣገደስቲ ጥንታውያን ቦታታት [[ኤርትራ]] እያ። ከስከሰ ኣብ ኣስታት ዓሰርተ ወሓደ ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ. ስፍሓት ዘለዎ ንሕርሻ ምቹእ ኣብ ዝኾነ ብሰንሰለታዊ ጎቦታት ዝተኸበ ሓውሲ ስንጭሮ ከባቢ ተደኲና ትርከብ። ኣሰራት ናይዛ ጥንታዊት ስፍራ፡ ኣዝዮም ብዙሓት እኳ እንተኾኑ፡ ኣስታት ዓሰርተ ሜትሮ ቁመት ዘለዎ ዝወደቐ ሓወልቲ፡ 5 ዝተሳባበሩ ዓበይቲ ኣዕኑድ-መሰል ጽሩባት ኣእማን፡ ፍርስራስ መናድቕ ናይ ዓበይትን ንኣሽቱን [[ገዛውቲ፡ መቓብርን፡]] ዝተፈላለዩ ዓይነት [[ስርሓት ካይላ፡ ካብ እምኒ፡ ኣስራዝን ዑንቊን]] ዝተሰርሑ መሳርሒታትን መጋያየጺ ኣቕሑትን ይርከቡ።</big> ==== <big>መጠራ</big> ==== <big>በለው-ከለው ብዝብል ቅጽል እትፍለጥ ታሪኻዊት ቦታ [[መጠራ፡]] ካብ [[ከተማ ሰንዓፈ]] ንደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ድማ ሓደ ኪ.ሜ. ርሒቓ እትርከብ ጥንታዊት ቦታ እያ። [[መጠራ]] ኣብ 7ይ ክፍለ-ዘመን ቅ.ል.ክ. ዝተመስረተት ጥንታዊት ከተማ ኮይና፡ ካብቲ እዋን’ቲ ኣትሒዛ ክሳብ 7ይ ክፍለ-ዘመን ድ.ል.ክ. ኣብ ዝነበረ ንግዳዊ መስመር [[ኣክሱም|ንግስነት ኣኽሱም]] ቀንዲ ተዋሳኢት ምንባራ ይግለጽ። ስልጣነ መጠራን ከባቢኣን ኣብ ንግድን ሕርሻን ዝተመርኮሰ ከም ዝነበረ ይፍለጥ። ብፍላይ ምስ ኣዱሊስ፡ ከስከሰን ቆሓይቶን ብዝነበራ ንግዳዊ ርክብ ኣብ እዋና ስልጥንቲ ንኽትከውን ከም ዝሓገዛ ተመራመርቲ ስነ-ጥንቲ ይሕብሩ። ኣብቲ ከባቢ እትርከብ 2.8 ሜትሮ ቁመት እትውንን ሓወልቲ እውን ኣገዳሲት መስሕብ ናይቲ ከባቢ እያ። ጥንታዊት ከተማ መጠራ ኣብ 1960ታት ብፈረንሳዊ ተመራማሪ ስነ- ጥንቲ ፍራንሲስ ኣንፍረ ብዝተገበረላ መጽናዕቲ ዝተመስከረላ ታሪኽ መንነትን ጥንታውነትን ወለዶታትና እተጉልሕ ኣገዳሲት ጥንታዊት ቦታ እያ።</big> === <big>ዘመናዊት ከተማ ሰንዓፈ </big> === ምስምምጻእ መግዛእቲ ጥልያን ዘተኣታተዎ ምቅይያራት፡ ንማሕበረ ቁጠባዊ ኩነታት ዜጋታት ተባሂሉ ዝመጽአ ዘይኮነ፡ ብኣንጻሩ-መደባት ኣውጺኣካን ዕላማታት ኣነጺርካን፡ ሓፈሻዊ ረብሓታት ኢጣልያ ንምጭባጥ ተባሂሉ ዝመጽአ ምቅይያራት ኢዩ ነይሩ፣ነዚ ከምዚ ዓይነት ረብሓታት ንምርግጋጽ፣ ኢጣልያውያን ንትሕተ ቅርጺ እታ ሃገር ምምዕባል፣ ነቲ ኣብ 1887 ዝተጀመረ ምስራሕ መገዲ ባቡር ኣብ መፈጸምታ ከምዝበጽሕ ምግባር፣ ሓደሽቲ ጽርግያታት ምስራሕን ምምሕያሽን፣ ንኹሉ ዓይነት ጉዳያት ዘገልግላ ፋብሪካታት ምትካል፣ ሓደስቲ ከተማታት ምህናጽን ሰፋሕቲ ርእሰማላዊ ሕርሻዊ ትካላት ምትካልን ዝኣመሰሉ ንጥፈታት ከካይዱ ጀመሩ። ከም ውጽኢቱ ንብዙሓት ከተማታት ሰንዓፈ ሓዊስካ ክሃንጽ ጀሚሩ። == ባህላዊ በዓልታ == ኣብ ንኡስ ዞባ ሰንዓፈ ዝካየድ ያታዊ ጽምብል ኣቡነ-ኣንበስ ከም ንኡስ ፈስቲቫል ክጥቀስ ዝክኣል ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ መጻኢ ሓደ ካብ ቀንዲ ንጥፈታት ዘቤታዊ ቱሪዝም ክኸውን ሰፊሕ ዕድል ዘለዎ ባህላዊ ጽምብል እዩ። ኣብዚ ዞባ ዝርከባ ብሄራትና ከም ኩለን ብሄራትና ኣብ መነባብሮ፡ ጽምብላትን ትልሂትን ኣስተማቒርካ ዘይጽገቡ ዝተፈላለዩ ጥበባትን መሃዝነትን ዝውንና ብሄራት እየን። ገለ ኣብነት ንምጥቀስ፡ ምድላው ባህላዊ መግቢታትን መስተታትን፡ ብወጻእተኛታት ከይተረፈ ተሃራፊ ዝኾነ ወግዒ ቡን፡ መሃዝነት ያታዊ መሳርሒ ሙዚቃ ዋጣ፡ እምብልታ፡ መለኸት፡ ክራር ክጥቀሱ ይኽእሉ። ነዞም ባህላዊ ጸጋታት ከረጋግጽን ከጽንዕን ዝደሊ በጻሒ ኣብ ሃገራውን ዞባውን ዝካየድ ጽምብላት ብኣካል ክሳተፍን ከስተማቕርን ይኽእል። == <big>ወጻኢ ጥብቆታት</big> == {{ምምሕዳር|ከተማ ሰንዓፈ}} <big>{{wikivoyage}}</big> *<big>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senafe]]</big> <big>{{ምምሕዳር ከተማ ሰንዓፈ}} {{ታሪኻዊት ከተማ}} {{ዞባ ደቡብ}} {{መጠራ}}</big> <big> [[ታሪኻዊት ከተማ]] [[በለው ከለው]] [[ መጠራ]] [[ሓኪር]] [[ምድብ:እምባ ሶይራ]] [[ምድብ:ስመጃና]] [[ምድብ:ከስከሰ]] [[ምድብ:ኣውሊዕ ሓሓይለ]] [[ምድብ:ማርካቶ]] [[ምድብ:ዓዶ ጋልባ]] [[[[ምድብ:ካንቦ]]]]</big> <ref> * Bulleted list item https://shabait.com/2012/10/12/metera-historical/ ብቋንቋ ትግርኛ እትሕተም ልሳን መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝኾነት ጋዜጣ ሓዳስ ኤርትራ * Bulleted list item https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senafe * Bulleted list item https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/kingdom-aksum * Bulleted list item https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/east-africa2/ethiopia/a/the-kingdom-of-aksum * Bulleted list item ታሪኽ ምድረ ሓበሻ * Bulleted list item ስልጣኔ ኣኽሱምን ኣዱሊስን * Bulleted list item https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksum-ancient-kingdom-Africa </ref> ss746xyxnrbs2vy4oab10odaksc4gup 10 4531 19256 2018-07-11T17:45:22Z 2A02:AA11:3102:4200:6DAA:6BA4:E163:5EF ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: teclit yemane wikitext text/x-wiki teclit yemane adjj0zy1d21gka5yfsh09anlzsglhgq 0 4534 23722 23191 2022-07-17T12:05:32Z 197.156.95.64 wikitext text/x-wiki ኣግኣኣዝያን ኣብ 18-19 ክፍለ ዘመን ናይ ህዝበ ግእዝ ሃገረ(nation state) ዝነበረት ጽዮናዊት ሃገር እያ፡መራሒኣ ንጉሰ፡ነገስት ዘ ጽዮን ዮዉሃንስ ራብዓይ ኔሪ፡እዛ ኣግኣዝያን ሃገር ቅድሚ ኣክሱም ስልጣን እያ ኔራ፡ብሓጺሩ ናይ ግእዝ/ትግሪኛ/ተጋሩ ኩሉ ሓደ እዩ፡ሓደ ሽም ሓደ ህዝቢ እዩ፡ኣክሱም፡ስልጣን ዝፈጠሩ ከተማታት መጠራ፡ወደብ ኣዱሊስ፡ቃንቃ ግእዝ ፈጢሮም ኣክሱም ጽዮን ርእሰ ከተመኦም ጌሮም ን3000 ዓመት ብዘይ ምቁራጽ ካብተን ሽዑ ዝነበራ ዓርሞሽሽ ስልጣኔታት፡ቻይና፡ሮማ፡ፐርሻ ሓደ ኣክሱም ወይ ግእዛዉያን ስልጣኔ እዩ። ኣብ 10ክዘ ብዮዲት ጉዲት ሓያል ዕንወት በጺሕዎ ምኽንያቱ እስልምና ኣብ 7ን 8ን ክዘ ነተን ብቀይሕ ባሕሪ መንግድቱ ዝነበራ ስልጣኔታት ፐርሻ ቻይና ሮማ ስለ ዘዳኸመን ዝሰዓረን፡ኣክሱማዉያን/ግእዛዉያን ከኣ ብመጠኑ ተዳኺሞም ግን ንዮዲት ጉዳት ስዒሮሞ፡ ቀጺሉ ሽርሕን ተንኮልን ኣምሓራ ሽዋ ካብ 14ክዘ ክጻብኦ ጀሚሩ ቀጺሉ ኣዕራብ ኣስላም ካሊፌት ንኣሕመድ ግራኝ ሶማላዊ ብምሕጋዝ ወራር ፈጺሙ ተሳዒሩ፡15ክዘ ዘርዓ ያቆብ ኣምሓራ ክወርር ፈቲኑ ተሳዒሩ ድሕሪኡ ዘመነ መሳፍንቲ ኣርኪቡ ካብ 16ክዘ ክሳብ መጀመርታ 19ክዘ ደማዊ ኩናት ምስ ቱርኪን ኣዕራብን ኣብ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ኣካይድና ኣይተሳዓርናን ስዒርናየን፡ ድሕሪኡ እቲ ሓያል ንጉሰ ነገስት ዘ ኣክሱም ጽዮን ኣብ 19 ክፍለ ዘመን ነጊሱ ዮዉሃንስ4ይ፡ንቱርኪ ንግብጺ ንማህዲስት ሱዳን፡ንድርቡሽ ናይ ኣስላም ዝተዋጽአ ሓይሊ ስዒሩ ከኣ ዳግማይ ኣክሱም ስልጣኔ ሃገረ ኣግኣዝያን ካብ ኣከዉሃ ምላሽ ትግራይ ክሳብ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ዝዶባታ ከም ቀደማ ሃገር መስረተ፡ ኣብዚ እዋን ግን ምስ ማህዲስት እንዳተዋግእ ኮሎ ተሰዉአ፡ነዚ ዕድል ብምጥቃም ብዉሽጢ ኣምሓራ(ሚኒልክ ሽዋ) ብቀይሕ ባሕሪ ጥልያን ወረራ ብምግባር ንኣግኣዝያን ኣብ ክልተ መቒሎማ ነታ ሓንቲ ኤርትራ ኢሉ ጥልያን ገዚእዋ፡ነታ ሓንቲ ትግራይ ከኣ ኣብ ትሕቲ ሚኒልክ ኣምጛራ ኣተወት ሃገረ ኣግኣዝያን ኣብ ክልተ ተመቕለት፡ን129 ክሳብ ሕጂ ተመቒላ ሓይሊ ህዝበ ግእዝ/ተጋሩ/ትግሪኛ ኣብ ክልተ ተመቒሉ ተዳኺሙ ይርከብ። ነዚ ኢና ከኣ ክንመልሳ ደሊና።ምስ ተጋሩ ሓደ ኢና፡ተፈላሊና ዝሰዓርናዮ ጸላኢ የለን፡ናይ ሓባር ዕጫ እዩ ዘለና፡ስልጣኔናን ዓባይ ሃገረ ኣክሱማዉን ሃገረ ኣግኣዝያን ክንመልስ ንብል ዘለና።ቻይና ሳላ ስልጣኔ ማ ዝመልሰት እያ እዛ ንርእያ ምዕብልቲ ሓያል ኮይና ዘላ። ብዘይ መንነት ሃገር የለን፡መንነትና ኢርትራዊያን ዘይኮናስ ግእዛዉያን ኢና፡ታሪኽና፡ባህልና፡ቃንቃና፡ሕጊ እንዳባና ክንመልስ ኣለና ሽዑ ሃገር ንበሃል፡ጥልያን ነዚ መንነትና ኣጥፊኡ እዩ ሓዲሽ ኤርትራዊ መንነት ክህበና ፈቲኑ ኢሰያስ ኣፎርቂ ዉን ነዚ መንነት ጥልያን እዩ ኣብ ልዕልና ኣብ ልዕሊ ትግሪኛ ክሰርሖ ህርድግ ኢሉ ግን ኣይከኣለን፡ኢሰያስ ንህዝቢ ትግሪኛ/ተጋሩ ኣይፊኡ ወይ ኣዳኺሙ ልክዕ ከም ናይ ጥልያን ሓዲሽ ኤርትራዊ መንነት ክፈጥር ደልዩ የጥፋና ኣሎ። ታሪኽ መፍትሒ ሽግርካ'ዩ።// ቅድሚ 18 ክፍለ ዘመን፥ ከ አንታይ ኢና ኔርና ግአዝ ከም ዘይነበርና መቸም ምስክር አዚ ጽሕፍኩም ኢዩ ። ስለዚ ሕጂ ተጋሩ ኤርትራዊያን ኢና ክክክ ። {{Stub}} [[Category:ፖለቲካ]] 76vv2nf6xxdp5by6jw4yzcth5tke1tt 0 4535 24426 20555 2023-07-17T04:42:23Z 2600:6C56:41F0:6CC0:6C00:781D:3F62:8E2A wikitext text/x-wiki ትግራይ ንኤርትራ እንታይ'ያ? === ታሪኽ መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ፣ ታሪኽ ወራርን ዝርፍያን ማሕረድትን ዓድታት ምንዳድን'ዩ ዝነበረ። ኣብ'ቲ እዋን ህዝቢ ከበሳ ተኣኪቡ ይነብር ብዘይምንባሩ፣ ህዝቢ ተኣኪቡ ዉሁድ መኸተ ከካይድ ኣዝዩ ይኸብዶ ነበረ። ድሕሪ ተደጋጋሚ ወራርን ደም ምፍሳስን ዓበይቲ ዓዲ ተኣኪቦም ኣስፊሖም መኸሩ፣ ተዛተዩ፣ ተመዓዓዱ'ሞ ድሕሪ ነዊሕ ምምኽኻር ዓደ ኣቡኦም ኣሕሊፎም ንኸይህቡ ጸጸር ተወሓሓጡ። ብሓደ ሸነኽ ጭካነ ዝመልኦ ወራር መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ፣ ብኻልእ ሸነኽ ድማ ዒፍ ዝበሎ ህዝቢ ኣንጻር ወረርቲ ክምክት ዝወሰነሉ ታሪኻዊ ወድረኽ። ኣብ ብራናታት ታሪኽ ተሰኒዱ ከም ዘሎ፣ ከበሳን መታሕትን ኤርትራ ብጭካነ መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ደም ነቢዑ'ዩ። ብፍላይ ኣብ እዋን ንግስነት ሃጸይ የዉሃንስ፣ መረብ መሰጋገሪት ረገጽትን ሓረድትን መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ'ያ ዝነበረት። ህዝቢ ‘‘ምድረ ባሕሪ‘‘ ኣቐዲሙ ንወራር ቱርካዊያንን ግብጻዊያንን ብሓያል መስዋእቲ ይምክቶ ብምንባሩ፣ ንወራር መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ'ዉን ክቕበሎ ኣበደን'ዩ ዝበለ። ጭካነ ዝመልኦ ኣተሓሕዛ ንህዝቢ ደቂ ባሕሪ ረጊጹ ኮፍ ከብሎም'ዩ ዝብል እምነት ዝነበሮም መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ግን ንህዝቢ ደቂ ባሕሪ ንምጥፋእ ተላዕሉ። ዓድታት ኣንደዱ፣ ህጻዉንቲ ብሳንጃ በታተኹ፣ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ዓመጹ፣ ቤተ ክህነት ኣንደዱ፣ መሳጊድ ኣፍረሱ፣ ህዝቢ ከካብ ዓድታቱ ሃጽ ኢሉ ከም ዝሃድም ድማ ገበሩ። ትግራይ ዝመሰረታ ሃጸያዊት ኢትዮጲያ ክፈጥሩ ሕልሚ ዝነበሮም መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ፣ እምቢታ ደቂ ባሕሪ ስግኣት ይፈጥረሎም ብምንባሩ ብሓደ ሸነኽ፣ ብኻልእ ሸነኽ ድማ ቅናት ባሕሪ ኤርትራ ክቆጻጸሩ ክቱር ድሌት ብምንባሩ ንደቂ ባሕሪ ከም ማይ ከንጽፉ ዘመቱ። ኣብ ሓደ እዋን ቀንዲ ኣተግባሪ ገበናት ሃጸይ የዉሃንስ ዝነበረ ኣሉላ ኣባነጋ፣ ናብ ከበሳታት ኤርትራ ወራር ፈጸመ'ሞ፣ ኣብ ቅድሚኡ ዝነበራ ዓድታት እንዳቃጸለ፣ ህጻዉንቲ እንዳሓረደ፣ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ እንዳዓመጸ መሬት ኤርትራ ናብ ቀይሕ ሕብሪ ቀየራ። መሬት ብደም ጨቀወት፣ ኣዒንቲ መሬት ደቂ ባሕሪ ነብዐት። ህዝቢ ከም ህዝቢ ቅድሚኡ ርእይዎ ዘይፈልጥ ገበን ስለ ዝወረዶ ኣእዳዉ ናብ ፈጣሪ ዘርጊሑ ክምህለል ጀመረ። ዉሑድ ካብ ተግባራት መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ዝገልጽ ታሪኻዊ ሰነድ እምበኣር ዜማን ግጥምን ደግያት ባህታ ሓጎስ'ዩ። ኣብ ሓደ እዋን ብዝምታን ሽፍትነትን መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ልቡ ዝተሰብረ ሓርበኛ ኣቦ ደግያት ባህታ ሓጎስ፣ ኣሕኡ ብሰራዊት ሃጸይ የዉሃንስ ኣብ ከባቢ ጸንዓ ደግለ ምስ ተዘምትኦ ከምዚ ክብል ብክራሩ ጌሩ ኣምሪሩ ከም ዝዘየመ ብራናታት ታሪኽ ይምስክሩ። ኣሻሕ ላመይ ኣንቲ ኣሻሕ ላመይ ኣለኹልካ ዘይትብልኒ ከመይ እንታይ ኾንኪ ተሕድርኒ ጾመይ ኣሻሕ ላመይ ኣንቲ ኣሻሕ ላመይ ምሳኺ ኸይጸንሕ ቐደመይ ምተሳገርክየን ነተን ደመይ ኣትን ብዓል ኣሻሕ በዓል ዳዕቦ ትግራይ ወሰዱኽን ሰብ ኣድያቦ ሓደ ዶ ስኢንክን ደርባይ ኩቦ ድሕሪ'ዚ ህዝቢ ከበሳ ነቲ ብመሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ዝወርዶ ዝነበረ ግፍዒ ብዋልታን ጭማራን ክገጥሞ ተላዕለ። ብኤርትራዊ ሓርበኛ ኣቦ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሙን ዝምራሕ ዉሁድ ናይ መኸተ መድረኽ ድማ ፈጠረ። ‘‘እምቢ ንመግዛእቲ‘‘ ዝብል ጭርሖ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ካብ ጻት ንጻት ኣንጎድጎደ። ህዝቢ መታሕትን'ዉን ነቲ ኣብ መሬት ከበሳ ኮይኑ ዝሳቐ ዝነበረ ህዝቡ ንምድሓን ዘለዎ ሒዙ ዘመተ። መኸተ ደቂ ባሕሪ ንወራር ሃጸይ የዉሃንስ ብድሆ ክኾኖ ጀመረ'ሞ፣ የዉሃንስ ንኣሉላ ኣባነጋ መረብ ሰጊሩ ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሓቢሉን ኣታሊሉን ከምጽኦ ኣዘዞ። ኣሉላ ናብ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ክመጽእ እንከሎ ንሰላም ከም ዝዘመተ ኣቐዲሙ ሓበረ። ሰላም ዝብል ወረ ኣብ መሬት ደቂ ባሕሪ ተላብዐ። ህዝቢ ነቲ ወረ ፍጹም ክኣምኖ'ኳ እንተዘይከኣለ፣ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሙን ንሰላም ሕራይ በለ። ብመሬት ጾሮና ይሓልፍ ብምንባሩ፣ ህዝቢ ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሙን ‘‘ጎይታይ እመኑና ብዝኸድኩማ ኣይትምለሱን ኢኹም፣ ንዑ ሕደጉ‘‘ ብምባል ናብ ትግራይ ከይከዱ ለመኖም። እንተኾነ፣ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ‘‘እዞም ምሳይ ዘሎዉ ብሻለቃ ኣሉላ ዝምርሑ ልኡኻት ሃጸይ ዮሃንስ፣ ውዕል ሰላም ንምፍርራም ዳኣ'ምበር ኣብ ልዕለይ ዝኾነ ጥልመት ከም ዘይፍጸም ብኹሎም ኣማልኽቲ ምሒሎም ኢዮም" ብምባል ንህዝቢ መርቑኒ ብምባል ህዝቢ ከይሰምዑ ናብ ትግራይ ኣምርሑ። ጉዕዞ ቀጺሉ ልኡኻት ማርያም ሸዊቶ መስ በጽሑ፣ ራስ ኣሉላ ኣባነጋ ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሙን ካብ በቕሉ ኣዉሪዱ ‘‘ልደርሆ ቆሎ ላሃብኻ ልሓማሼናይ ካዓ ላማሓልኻ ክባሃል የሰማዕካይ‘‘ ብምባል በሽክዓላል ተዛረቦ። ኣቦና ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሙን ድማ፣ "በል እንቋዕ ዳኣ ኣብ ውግእ ስዒርካ ኣይማረኽካኒ እምበር፣ በዞም ኩሎም ኣማልኽቲ ምሒልካ እንተጠለምካን'ስ ምንም ኣይመስለን ኢዩ። በብተግባራትና ህዝቢ ዘልኣለም ክዝክረና ክነብር'ዩ" ብምባል ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብ ልቢ ወለዶታት ዝሓደረ መልሲ መለሱ። ከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ታሪኻዊ ፍጻመታት ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ተደጋጋሚ'ዩ ኔሩ። ኣቦና ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሙን ድሕሪ'ዚ ጸሊም ናይ ወራርን ቅትለትን መድረኽ፣ መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ካብ መሳፍንቲ ኣምሓራ ብድሆታት ክገጥሞም ብምጅማሩን ሃጸይ የዉሃንስ ምስ ማህዳዉያን ኣብ ዝገበሮ ኩናት ብምቕታሉን፣ መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ኣንፈቶም ናብ ደቡብ ክጠዉዩ ጀመሩ። መግዛእቲ ፋሽሽታዊ ጣልያን ኣብ መሬት ደቂ ባሕሪ ኣትዩ ብምንባሩ፣ ልዕልና መሳፍንቲ ትግራይ ብቕልጡፍ ከንቆልቁል ጀመረ። ድሕሪ ናይ ልዕሊ 100 ዓመታት መግዛእቲ፣ ብሰንኪ ፖለቲካ 40ታት ዝተፈጥረ ዉጥጥ፣ ኣብ 2ይ ኩናት ዓለም ጎብለል ኮይና ዝወጸት ኣሜሪካ ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ ኣእዳዉ ጠዉያ ምስ ሃጸያዊት ኢትዮጲያ ክትጸምዶ ተራእየት። ቃልሲ 50ታት ተጀሚሩ፣ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ኣብ 1961 ናብ ዕጥቃዊ ቃልሲ ኣትዩ፣ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ነቲ ንዘመናት ዝጸንሐ ታሪኽ ክሕደትን ጥልመትን ይቕረ ብምባል ምስ ህዝቢ ትግራይ ብሰናይ ጉርብትና ክነብርን ኣብ ቃልሲ ክተሓጋገዝን ተራእየ። ኣብ እዋን ብረታዊ ቃልሲ ንተጋደልቲ ህወሓት ከሰልጥንን ብዕጥቅን ስንቅን ክሕብሕብ ዝጀመረ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፣ ኣብ 1991 ንተጋደልቲ ህወሓት መሪሑ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ኣብ ዝኣተወሉ እዋን፣ ኣብ 1998 ብካብ ትግራይ ዝወጹ መራሕቲ ሃገረይ ክትዉረር'ያ ዝብል ግምት ፍጹም ኣይነበሮን። i3p6bos3od3a3akqpilogfwr5e3ix4a 0 4536 22626 22624 2021-04-15T21:39:33Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ሕቡራት መንግስታት ሜክሲኮ</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|Estados Unidos Mexicanos}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Mexico.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Mexico.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''La Patria Es Primero'' | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Himno Nacional Mexicano''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Himno Nacional Mexicano instrumental.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = MEX orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ከተማ ሜክሲኮ]] [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Mexican Federal District.svg|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = ፕረዚደንት | ሽም_መራሒ1 = [[ኣንድረስ ማኑዌል ሎፐዝ ኦብራዶር]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ምእዋጅ<br /><br />&nbsp;• ምቕባል | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />{{ዕለት|16|09|1810|ዕድመ}}<br />{{ዕለት|28|12|1836|ዕድመ}} | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ሜክሲካዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 1,972,550 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 2.5 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 128,649,565 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ሜክሲካዊ ፔሶ|ፔሶ]] | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC –8 ክሳብ UTC -5 | እዋን_ክረምቲ = UTC –7 ክሳብ UTC -5 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = .mx | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +52 }} '''ሜክሲኮ''' ({{lang-es|México}}፣ {{IPA-es|ሜሂኮ|ኣደማምጻ|Mexico.ogg}})፣ ወግዓዊ '''ሕቡራት መንግስታት ሜክሲኮ''' ({{lang-es|Estados Unidos Mexicanos}}፣ {{IPA-es|ኤስታዶስ ኡኒዶስ ሜሂካኖስ|ኣደማምጻ}})፣ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ሰሜን ናይ [[ሰሜን ኣመሪካ]] ክፋል እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] [[ከተማ ሜክሲኮ]] እያ። <br><gallery caption="ሜክሲኮ - Mexico"> Mexico City-Blick vom Torre Latinamericano-02-1980-gje.jpg|Mexico City Teotihuacan-10-Sonnenpyramide-Aufgang-1980-gje.jpg|Teotihuacan Nevado de Toluca-04-Krater-1980-gje.jpg|Nevado de Toluca Mitla-10-Ruinen-Saeulenpalast-Spanische Kirche-1980-gje.jpg|Mitla Palenque-06-Palastgruppe-Innenhof-1980-gje.jpg|Palenque Uxmal-02-Schildkroetentempel-Ballspielplatz-Nonnenviereck-1980-gje.jpg|Uxmal Chichen-Itza-04-Tempel der Krieger-1980-gje.jpg|Chichen-Itza Isla Mujeres-04-Boote-Muscheln-1980-gje.jpg|Isla Mujeres </gallery> [[መደብ:ሜክሲኮ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ሰሜን ኣመሪካ]] [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ሃገራት]] j2h11fv4r5n76rdew8um6xarbfglveu 0 4540 20298 19294 2020-03-04T02:48:24Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ንግዲ''' ምምሕልላፍ ይጠቓልል [[ኣቕሓ ወይ ከኣ ኣገልግሎታት]] ምስ ሓደ ሰብ ወይ ከኣ ኣካል ናብ ካልእ ሰብ, ብዙሕ ጊዜ ብለውጢ ናብ [[ገንዘብ]]. [[ስነ-ቍጠባዊ]] ምስክር [[ስርዓት]] ወይ መርበብ እቲ ከም ንግዲ ከም [[ዕዳጋ (ስነ-ቍጠባ)|ዕዳጋ]]. ችርቻረ ንግዲ ናይ ሽያጥ ይጠቓልል ኣቕሓ [[ኣቕሑ ንግድ]] ካብ ብጣዕሚ ቀዋሚ ቦታ (ከም ክፋል [[ክፍሊ ክዙን]], [[ባዛር]] ወይ [[ኪዮስክ]]), [[ብመስመር]] ወይ ከኣ [[ቡስጣ]], ብንእሽተይ ወይ ከኣ ብውልቀ-ሰብ ምሉእ ብቐጥታ ንምጥቃም ወይ ከኣ ኣህለኸ ብ ዓዳጊ. ጃምላ ንግዲ ተባሂሉ ሳዕስዒት ክ መራኸቢ ብ ኣቕሓ እቲ እዮም ተሸይጡ ከም ኣቕሑ ንግድ ናብ [[ቸርቻሪ]], ወይ ከኣ ንኢንዱስትሪ, ንግዳዊ , ትካላዊ , ወይ ከኣ ካልኦት ሞያዊ ንግዲ ተጠቀምቲ, ወይ ከኣ ንኻልእ ጀማሊ ከምኡውን ኣዛመደ ተጸጋዒ ኣገልግሎት. [[Category:ንግዲ]] 58napibvprqm5cyjn3bxekwu97ymcor 14 4546 19332 19327 2018-10-21T09:19:08Z 81.135.204.139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commons|Turkey}} [[Category:ሀገራት| ]] 486po11013abajl0doprs2q7is5fecr 0 4548 21265 19334 2020-09-29T00:34:07Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ቱርኪ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቱርኪ]] ibt3uleesnkqor536iwnnrtjn2blze2 14 4551 19338 2018-11-02T04:43:18Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (China). co0ul3a9zenvw2uqz4woeaiu979f4rq 14 4552 19339 2018-11-02T04:43:18Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (Taiwan). tfjpufco118botoeyimq3dm9k96i81i 14 4553 19340 2018-11-02T04:43:18Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (Hong Kong). 9gj91e0ng5hl61ymzdtrs9rezj4b44y 0 4554 19346 2018-11-19T16:59:16Z Til Eulenspiegel 3850 Til Eulenspiegel moved page [[ስዋዚላንድ]] to [[ኤስዋቲኒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኤስዋቲኒ]] jgxsaynw9h4vodf34zyslin2wt9r20l 14 4574 19420 2019-05-07T09:44:41Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Simple English. tiie9xddf3t9xqyg3x3jmsc4oee92qo 14 4583 19462 2019-07-24T20:46:49Z 212.224.233.148 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: Segeneyti wikitext text/x-wiki Segeneyti 7o59zt5vd5xn9abbv0fdyapx73ax2uj 0 4603 24440 23965 2023-08-08T14:10:44Z TheThomanski 9254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ኣይተደናግር|ሆላንድ|ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ}} {{ሓበሬታ ንኡስ ሃገራዊ ኣካል | መበቆላዊ ስም = Nederland | ስም = ኔዘርላንድ | ምስሊ = no | ሃገር = [[ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ]] | ሕብረት = [[ቅዋማዊት ሃገር]] [[ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ|ንግስነት&nbsp;ኔዘርላንድ]] | ባንዴራ_ወሰን = yes | ኣርማ_መጠን = 100px | ካርታ = EU-Netherlands.svg | እግሪ_ካርታ = | ጭርሖ = ''Ik zal handhaven''<br/>(ብ[[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]፦ «ክዕቅብ እየ») | መዝሙር = ''[[ዊልሄልመስ]]''<br/> (ብ[[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]፦ «ዊልያም») | ፋይል_መዝሙር = United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus (tempo corrected).ogg | እግሪ_ምስሊ = | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ኣምስተርዳም]]&thinsp;{{Infobox ref|1}} | ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]&thinsp;{{Infobox ref|2}} | ስም_ተቐመጥቲ = ኔዘርላንዳዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 41,543 | ስፍሓት_ማይ = 18,41 % | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 17,668,400 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ጻዕቂ = 415,6 | መራሕቲ_ኣርእስትታት = [[ንጉስ ኔዘርላንድ|ንጉስ]]<br/>[[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ኔዘርላንድ|ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]] | መራሕቲ_ኣስማት = [[ዊለም ኣለክሳንደር ናይ ኔዘርላንድ|ዊለም ኣለክሳንደር]]<br/>[[ማርክ ሩተ]] | ግዜ_ክረምቲ = [[ግዜ ክረምቲ ኤውሮጳ|ግ.ክ.ኤ.]] (UTC&nbsp;+2:00) | ባጤራ = [[ዩሮ]] (€፣ <kbd>[[ኣይሶ 4217|EUR]]</kbd>) | ስም_ኮድ1 = [[ኣይሶ 3166-1|ኮድ ኣይሶ]] | ኮድ1 = 528 / NLD / NL | ስም_ኮድ2 = ዓውዲ ኢንተርነት | ኮድ2 = <kbd>[[.nl]]</kbd> | ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ ስም = ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ | ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ = <kbd>+31</kbd>፣ <kbd>+599</kbd> | ኣባል_ናይ = {{EU}}፣ [[ውድብ ኪዳን ሰሜን ኣትላንቲክ|ው.ኪ.ሰ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ቁጠባዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ምዕባለን|ው.ቁ.ም.ም.]]፣ [[ውድብ ጸጥታን ምትሕግጋዝን ኣብ ኤውሮጳ|ው.ጸ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ|ቤ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ቤኔሉክስ]] | መዘኻኸሪታት = <ol class="references"><li id="ቅጥዒ_መዘኻኸሪ-1">[[#ቅጥዒ_መወከሲ-1|↑]] [[ዘ ሄግ]] ቀንዲ ቤት ጽሕፈት መንግስቲ እያ።</li><li id="ቅጥዒ_መዘኻኸሪ-2">[[#ቅጥዒ_መወከሲ-2|↑]] [[ቋንቋ ፍሪስኛ|ፍሪስኛ]] ኣብ ኣውራጃ [[ፍሪስላንድ]] ልዕሊ 450,000 ሰባት ዝዛረብዎ ዞባዊ ቋንቋ እዩ፣ ኣብኡ ከኣ ምስ ዳች ብሓባር ወግዓዊ እዩ። }} '''ኔዘርላንድ''' ({{Lang-nl|Nederland}}፣ {{IPA-nl|ኔደርላንድ|pron|Nl-Nederland.ogg}})፣ ምስ ደሴታት [[ኣሩባ]]፣ [[ኩራሳው]]ን [[ሲንት ማርተን]]ን ብሓባር [[ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ]] ይምስረታ፣ ካብ ኣርባዕቲኤን ዝዓበየት [[ቅዋማዊት ሃገር]] እያ። ኔዘርላንድ [[ሃገር ኣባል ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት|ኣባል ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]] እያ። እታ ሃገር መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ከም '''''ሆላንድ''''' ተባሂላ እያ እትፍለጥ፣ ምኽንያቱ ስም እቲ [[ሆላንድ|ኣዝዩ ጸላዊ ወይ ኣገዳሲ ታሪኻዊ ዞባኣ]]፣ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ክፋል እታ ሃገር ዝርከብ። [[መደብ:ኔዘርላንድ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] gppvhnad4ag3wb2gprmznx5qn2w1buu 0 4604 19998 19997 2019-12-28T20:32:40Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣምስተርዳም''' ናይ [[ኔዘርላንድ]] ርእሲ ከተማ እያ። {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-right:0em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:#e3e3e3;" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="afeeee" |ኣምስተርዳም |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[File:KeizersgrachtReguliersgrachtAmsterdam.jpg|alt=|311x311px]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="afeeee" |እምስተርዳም ኣብ ካርታ [[ኔዘርላንድ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[File:LocatieAmsterdam.svg|center|300x300px|Mappa Amsterdam]]<br /><br /> |- bgcolor="#afeeee" ![[ባንዴራ]] ![[ኣርማ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" ! align="center" |[[File:Flag of Amsterdam.svg|140x140px]] ! [[File:Wapen_van_Amsterdam_bewerkt.PNG|center|150x150px|Kota arvow Amsterdam]] |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#afeeee" |ኣገደሲ ሓበሬታ |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ሃገር]] |[[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|left|frameless|32x32px]][[ኔዘርላንድ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ዞባ]] |[[File:Flag of North Holland.svg|30x30px]]&nbsp;[[ሰሜን ሆላንድ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ስፍሓት መሬት]] |219&nbsp; km² |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ተቀመጥቲ]] |841,186 <small> 2016 </small> |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |ኮድ |020 |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |መስመር |UTC +1 /<small>Hav</small> UTC +2 |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |ወብሳይት |www.amsterdam.nl |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="afeeee" |Gwlasegeth |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |ቦታታት |15 |} p0wsfld8etynttewssfktdwr17qz7sa 0 4606 24267 23958 2023-05-15T20:37:16Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ |ስም = ትግርኛ |ስድራ ቤት ኣደ = ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ ቋንቋታት |ሃገራት= {{flagcountry|ኤርትራ}}<br /> {{flagcountry|ኢትዮጵያ}} |ዞባ=[[ኤርትራ]]ን [[ኢትዮጵያ]]ን፣ ብፍላይ ኣብ [[ትግራይ]] |ተዛረብቲ= 9.85 ሚልዮን (2020) |ስድራ ቤት=[[ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ ቋንቋታት|ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት|ሴማዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[ደቡባዊ ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት|ደቡባዊ ሴማዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃዊ ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት|ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃዊ ሴማዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[ግእዝ]] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ትግርኛ''' |ወግዓዊ={{flagcountry|ኤርትራ}} {{flagdeco|ትግራይ}} [[ትግራይ]] |ኣይሶ1=ti|ኣይሶ2=tir|ኣይሶ3=tir|ሲል=TGN }} '''ትግርኛ''' ኣብ [[ኤርትራ]]ን ኣብ ሰሜናዊ [[ኢትዮጵያ]]ን ኣብ [[ክልል ትግራይ]] ዝዝረብ [[ግእዛዊ ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት|ሴማዊ]] ቋንቋ እዩ። ፊደላት ትግርኛ ካብ ኣብ ስልጣኔ ኣኽሱም ዝጀመረ ፊደል ግእዝ ዝፈለቑ እዮም። ኮይኑ ግን ትግርኛ ዶ ወይስ ግእዝ እዩ ዝቕድም ዝብል ሕቶ ክሳብ ሕጂ መጽናዕቲ ዘድልዮ እዩ። ኣብ ካልእ ሓሳብ እውን ግእዝ ዝበሃል ቋንቋ ነይሩ ኣይፈልጥን፡ ስልጣኔ ኣኽሱም ኣብ ጥርዚ ምዕባሌ ምስ በጽሐ፡ ንጽሑፋዊ ጉዳያት ንምግልጋል ከም ፊደል ዝማዕበለ እዩ ዝብሉ እውን ኣለዉ። በዚ ኮነ በቲ ኣብ ዓለም፡ ቋንቋ መትኒ ህይወት ደቂ-ሰባት እዩ። ምናልባት፡ ቋንቋ እንተዘይፍጠር ተበጺሑ ዘሎ ዕቤትን ምዕባለን ክሳብ ክንድ’ዚዶ ምሰጐመ ኢልካ ሕቶ ክተልዕል ድማ ባህርያዊ እዩ። ምኽንያቱ፡ ስኒትን ሓድነትን ንምህዞታት ዝሕግዙ ሓሳባት ግድን ኣብ ሓባራዊ መረዳእታ ሰባት ኪምርኮሱ ኣለዎም። ንባዕሉ ሰባት ብስኒት ማሚቖም ኪነብሩ ዘኽእሎም መሰረታዊ ረቛሒ’ውን ሓይሊ ሓባራዊ ቋንቋ ምዃኑ ዝሰሓት ኣይኮነን። ስለዚ፡ ቋንቋ ቀንዲ ህይወት ወይ እስትንፋስ ሓባራዊ ናብራ ደቂ-ሰባት ምዃኑ ኣየማትእን። በዚ መንጽር፡ ደቂ-ሰባት ማዕረ-ማዕረ ካልእ ንጥፈታቶም ንምዕባለን ዘመናውነትን ዚጥቀምሉ ቋንቋ’ውን ከይትሓለሉ ኪጽዕሩ ይግባእ። ብርግጽ፡ ቋንቋ ምስ ግዜን ኩነታትን ኪምዕብል ናቱ ዳይናሚካዊ መስርሕ ኣለዎ። ልዕሊ ኩሉ ግን፡ ተጠቀምቲ ወይ ተዛረብቲ ሓደ ቋንቋ ብውሕዱ ንምዕቃቡ፡ ካብኡ ሓሊፉ ድማ ንምዕባለ ዝግልገልሉ ቋንቋ ኣደኦም ክሳብ ህይወቶም ከሕልፍሉ ይረኣዩ’ዮም። ብመሰረቱ፡ ህላወ ይኹን ትንሳኤ ሓደ ቋንቋ ንህላወን ትንሳኤን ተጠቀምቱ’ውን ጸላዊ ስለዝኾነ። ብሓጺሩ፡ ኣብ ሓደ ሃገር ፖለቲካዊ ኣገዳስነት ሓደ ቋንቋ ኣጸቢቑ ኪዓዝዝ እንተኾይኑ፡ ትካላት ቋንቋ ኪምስረታን ኪንቀሳቐሳን ይግባእ። ብዘይካ’ዚ፡ ብፍላይ ትካላት ስርዓተ-ትምህርትን መራኸቢ ብዙሓንን ሓደ ልኡላዊ ሃገር ንዘመናዊ ቅርጺ ይኹን ምዕባለ ሓደ ቋንቋ ወሳኒ ግደ ኣለወን። == ስርዓተ ጽሕፈት == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+'''ስርዓተ ጽሕፈት ብትግርኛ''' |-valign=top !&nbsp;!!ä!!u!!i!!a!!e!!(ə)!!o!!wä!!wi!!wa!!we!!wə |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|h}} |style="background:gray"|ሀ||ሁ||ሂ||ሃ||ሄ||ህ||ሆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|l}} |ለ||ሉ||ሊ||ላ||ሌ||ል||ሎ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ḥ}} |style="background:gray"|ሐ||ሑ||ሒ||ሓ||ሔ||ሕ||ሖ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|m}} |መ||ሙ||ሚ||ማ||ሜ||ም||ሞ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ś}} |style="background:gray"|ሠ||style="background:gray"|ሡ||style="background:gray"|ሢ||style="background:gray"|ሣ||style="background:gray"|ሤ||style="background:gray"|ሥ||style="background:gray"|ሦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|r}} |ረ||ሩ||ሪ||ራ||ሬ||ር||ሮ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|s}} |ሰ||ሱ||ሲ||ሳ||ሴ||ስ||ሶ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|š}} |ሸ||ሹ||ሺ||ሻ||ሼ||ሽ||ሾ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ḳ}} |ቀ||ቁ||ቂ||ቃ||ቄ||ቅ||ቆ||ቈ||ቊ||ቋ||ቌ||ቍ |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{IPA|ḳʰ}} |ቐ||ቑ||ቒ||ቓ||ቔ||ቕ||ቖ||ቘ||ቚ||ቛ||ቜ||ቝ |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|b}} |በ||ቡ||ቢ||ባ||ቤ||ብ||ቦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|v}} |ቨ||ቩ||ቪ||ቫ||ቬ||ቭ||ቮ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|t}} |ተ||ቱ||ቲ||ታ||ቴ||ት||ቶ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|č}} |ቸ||ቹ||ቺ||ቻ||ቼ||ች||ቾ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ḫ}} |style="background:gray"|ኀ||ኁ||ኂ||ኃ||ኄ||ኅ||ኆ||ኈ||ኊ||ኋ||ኌ||ኍ |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|n}} |ነ||ኑ||ኒ||ና||ኔ||ን||ኖ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ñ}} |ኘ||ኙ||ኚ||ኛ||ኜ||ኝ||ኞ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ʾ}} |style="background:gray"|አ||ኡ||ኢ||ኣ||ኤ||እ||ኦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|k}} |ከ||ኩ||ኪ||ካ||ኬ||ክ||ኮ||ኰ||ኲ||ኳ||ኴ||ኵ |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|x}} |ኸ||ኹ||ኺ||ኻ||ኼ||ኽ||ኾ||ዀ||ዂ||ዃ||ዄ||ዅ |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|w}} |ወ||ዉ||ዊ||ዋ||ዌ||ው||ዎ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ʿ}} |style="background:gray"|ዐ||ዑ||ዒ||ዓ||ዔ||ዕ||ዖ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|z}} |ዘ||ዙ||ዚ||ዛ||ዜ||ዝ||ዞ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ž}} |ዠ||ዡ||ዢ||ዣ||ዤ||ዥ||ዦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|y}} |የ||ዩ||ዪ||ያ||ዬ||ይ||ዮ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|d}} |ደ||ዱ||ዲ||ዳ||ዴ||ድ||ዶ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ǧ}} |ጀ||ጁ||ጂ||ጃ||ጄ||ጅ||ጆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|g}} |ገ||ጉ||ጊ||ጋ||ጌ||ግ||ጎ||ጐ||ጒ||ጓ||ጔ||ጕ |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ṭ}} |ጠ||ጡ||ጢ||ጣ||ጤ||ጥ||ጦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|č̣}} |ጨ||ጩ||ጪ||ጫ||ጬ||ጭ||ጮ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|p̣}} |ጰ||ጱ||ጲ||ጳ||ጴ||ጵ||ጶ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ṣ}} |ጸ||ጹ||ጺ||ጻ||ጼ||ጽ||ጾ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|ṣ́}} |style="background:gray"|ፀ||style="background:gray"|ፁ||style="background:gray"|ፂ||style="background:gray"|ፃ||style="background:gray"|ፄ||style="background:gray"|ፅ||style="background:gray"|ፆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|f}} |ፈ||ፉ||ፊ||ፋ||ፌ||ፍ||ፎ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |-style="font-size:2em" !style="font-size:0.5em"|{{transl|sem|p}} |ፐ||ፑ||ፒ||ፓ||ፔ||ፕ||ፖ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; |- !&nbsp;!!ä!!u!!i!!a!!e!!(ə)!!o!!wä!!wi!!wa!!we!!wə |} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ቋንቋ መዋቕራት]] [[መደብ:ናይ ኤርትራ ቋንቋታት]] [[መደብ:ናይ ኢትዮጵያ ቋንቋታት]] hzpsutqf52tk1cqg6aobhysa8dsxxvw 0 4607 23829 19548 2022-08-07T07:12:31Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki ዓረብኛ ---- ا أ إ آ ب ت ة ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل لا لأ لإ لآ م ن و ؤ ي ئ ء َ ً ُ ٌ ِ ٍ ّ ْ [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] nj6e7mff8jlgqtfj80d7qsc760ikjzv 0 4609 19555 2019-11-05T15:58:42Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: '''ሃገራዊ መዝሙር''' ማለት, ናይ ሓንቲ ሃገር መዝሙር እያ. wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊ መዝሙር''' ማለት, ናይ ሓንቲ ሃገር መዝሙር እያ. bxhb8q4qxc8dsyg7y2n5pi1jpzwgdm3 0 4610 21844 20352 2021-01-06T16:13:32Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki '''ባንዴራ''' ወይ '''ሰንደቕ ዕላማ''' ማለት፣ ብዝተፈላለየ ሕብርታት ኣብ ጨርቂ ዝተሳእለ እዩ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ድማ፣ መልእኽቲ ዘለዎ እዩ። i8ifoglfblpf5p796j0z4j11malp3ry 0 4611 19560 2019-11-05T16:19:34Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: '''ዳች''' ቋንቋ ኮይኑ, ብብዝሒ ኣብ [[ኔዘርላንድ]] ዝዝረብ ቋንቋ እዩ. wikitext text/x-wiki '''ዳች''' ቋንቋ ኮይኑ, ብብዝሒ ኣብ [[ኔዘርላንድ]] ዝዝረብ ቋንቋ እዩ. m705ae5z7zqzrp8gihrxq7f2zzguwtb 0 4612 24434 24065 2023-07-29T16:14:35Z RidgelantRL 9229 ብዛዕባ ቋንቋ እንግሊዝ ሓበሬታ ተወሰኸ። wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Detailed SVG map of the Anglophone world.svg|frameless|right|upright=2]] እንግሊዝኛ ኣብ ዓለምና ካብቶም ብብዝሒ ዝዝረቡ ቋንቋታት ሓደ እዩ። ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ፡ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ፡ ካናዳ፡ ኣውስትራልያን ኒውዚላንድን ዓብላሊ ቋንቋ እዩ። ቀዳሞት መልክዓት እንግሊዝኛ ካብ ማእከላይ ዘመን ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ዝጅምር እዩ። እንግሊዝኛ ፊደል ---- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z [[መደብ:ፊደላት]] ogvq3swaagvbll0jtwpk6mlv1uk3o0h 0 4613 21602 20033 2020-12-15T02:50:59Z Dcljr 46 remove extraneous ws wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="sortable toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; clear:right; width:270px; padding:0px; margin:0px 0px 1em 1em; font-size:85%;" | colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |ሃገረ ሳሞአ Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi Samoa |- | colspan="2" | {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;" width="100%" | style="vertical-align: middle; text-align:center; width:120;" |[[File:Flag of Samoa.svg|alt=|174x174px]] | style="vertical-align: middle; text-align:center; width:120;" |[[File:Coat of arms of Samoa.svg|124x124px]] |- | align="center" |([[ባንዴራ]]) | align="center" |<small>([[Wapen van Samoa|ኣርማ]])</small> |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="padding:0;" |[[File:Samoa on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|alt=|202x202px]] |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |'''ኣገደስቲ ሓቤሬታት''' |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] |[[ሳሞአኛ]]፣ [[እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ርእሲ ከተማ]] |[[ኣፕያ]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ሃይማኖት]] |99.7% [[ክርስትና]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ጽፍሓት |2.842[2] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ተቀመጥቲ |200.108 (2017) |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |'''ኮዳት''' |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ባጤራ]] |[[ታላ]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ሃገራዊ ፌስታ |1 ሰነ |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[Topleveldomein|Web]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[ISO 3166-1|Code]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Landnummer|Tel.]] |[[.ws]]<nowiki> | WSM | 685</nowiki> |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |'''ብዛዕባ''' |- | colspan="2" align="center" | {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;" width="100%" | align="left" |ሳሞአ | align="left" |1962 |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey;" | |} ሳሞአ, ናይ ርፑብሊክ ኣብ ፖሊነይስ ኢያ። ኣብ ኦስያን ድማ ትርከብ። ደሴት ጥራይ ስለ ዝኾነት ድማ፣ ብማይ ጥራይ ተብኢባ ትርከብ። ኣብ ሳሞአ ልዕሊ 200.000 ሰባት ይቅመጥዋ። ኣብ ሳሞአ ቋንቋ [[ሳሞአኛ]] ይዛረቡ። ርእሲ ከተማ ናይ ሳሞአ [[ኣፕያ]] ትብሃል። [[ታላ]] ዝብሃል ባጤራ ድማ ይጥቀሙ። 99,7% ካብ ቶም ሰባት ድማ [[ክርስትና]] [[ሃይማኖት]] ኣለዎም። ሳሞአ ኣብ 1962 ካብ [[ኒው ዘይላንድ]] ነጻ ኮይና። ኣብዚ ግዜ ግን ሳሞአ ጠቅላላ ናጻ ኢያ። == ታሪኽ == ሳሞአ ኣብ 1962 ካብ ኒው ዘይላንድ ነጻ ኮይና። ኣብዚ ግዜ ግን ሳሞአ ጠቅላላ ናጻ ኢያ። == ዴሞግራፊ == [[File:Samoa_Familie.JPG|thumb|ስድራ ሳሞአ]] ኣብዛ ሰእሊ ብቁሩብ ናይ ሳሞአ ሰባት ምስሊ ትርኢ። == ሃይማኖት == ኣብ ሳሞአ ኣስታት 98% ናይ ቶም ህዝቢ ክርስትና ሃይማኖ ትኣለዎም። == ጂዮግራፊ == [[File:Samoa_Country_map.png|thumb|ካርታ ሳሞአ]] [[File:Samoa_upolu.jpg|left|thumb|ትርኢት ኣብ [[ኡፖሉ]].]] == ስፖርት == ፍሉጥ ሃገራዊ ስፖርት ናይ ሳሞአ ሩግብይ ኢዩ። ሳሞአ ዋላ'ኳ ንኡሽቶይ ሃር ከላ፣ ሩግብይ ግን ብዝለዓለ ነጥብታት ኢያ ትጽወት። እታ ሃገር ኩሉ ግዜ ኣብ ቶፕ 20 ካብተን ዓለምወረት ናይ ሩግብይ ፍልጥቲ ኢያ። ከምኡ ውን ኣብ ናይ ዓለም ቻምፕዮን ስዒራ ትርከብ። [[Category:ሀገራት]] p26qfrh8h5uq83hzhz29hf2iglkp4z8 0 4614 19671 19670 2019-11-23T16:05:23Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; clear:right; width:270px; padding:0px; margin:0px 0px 1em 1em; font-size:85%;" |+ id="11" style="font-size: large; margin: inherit;" |ኣፕያ | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #e3e3e3;" |'''ቦታ ኣብ [[ሳሞአ]] [[File:Flag of Samoa.svg|alt=|28x28px]]''' |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: white;" |[[File: Ws-map.png|340x340px]] |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #e3e3e3;" |ኣገደስቲ ነገራት |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ሃገር |[[ሳሞአ]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ሕንጻጽ ኣብ ናይ ወረቀት ዓለም |<span class="plainlinks"><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span id="text_coordinates">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=nl&params=13_050_00_S_171_050_00_W_type:city_scale:25000&pagename=Apia 13° 50&#x2032; ZB, 171° 50&#x2032; WL]</span></span></span> |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #e3e3e3;" |ሓባር |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |Oppervlakte|ዕቤት |51.8 km² |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ተቀመጥቲ (2006) |37.708 <br /><br />(6.534,27 ተቀ./km²) |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #e3e3e3;" |ስእልታት |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="padding:0;" |[[File:Samoa - Apia Harbour at dawn.jpg|269x269px]] |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="font-size:85%" |ማይ ኣብ ኣፕያ |} '''ኣፕያ''' ርእሲ ከተማ ናይ ሃንቲ ካብተን ኦስያን ደሴት ግሩብ ሃገረ [[ሳሞአ]] አያ። እቶም ሰባት ኣብኡ ቋንቋ [[እንግሊዝኛ]]ን [[ሳሞአኛ]]ን ይዛረቡ። ኣፕያ ሓንቲ ንእሽቶይ ከተማ ኮይና ኣስታት 38.800 ሰባት ድማ ይቕመጥዋ (2001)። ናይ ሳሞአ ሓንቲ ከተማ ብማይ ዝተከበበት ድማ እያ። ክዑሶ እግሪ ናይ ሳሞአ ኣብ ሳሞአ አጽወት። እቲ ጸወታታት ድማ ኣብ ናይ ሳሞአ ዓቢ ክዑሶ እግሪ ዳ ይጽወት።. == ስእልታት == <gallery widths="150" heights="150"> File:Samoa Apia Map.png|ትልሚ ናይ ኣፕያ File:Apia market (13886888335).jpg|ዕዳጋ ኣብ ኣፕያ </gallery> qkhhddb8mi780pqkc35lgzqvc5oq1fs 0 4615 19591 2019-11-21T13:54:48Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 Nimrod Mensur moved page [[ሳሞዋ]] to [[ሳሞአ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሳሞአ]] tuf148g43yqikpf9htrl1hd6ndm0v4g 0 4618 19630 19628 2019-11-22T16:57:44Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 wikitext text/x-wiki | ስም ቋንቋ ፡ [[ሳሞአኛ]] ( gagana samoa ) | ዝዛረቡሉ ሃገር ፡ [[ሳሞአ]]፣ [[ኣመሪካ-ሳሞአ]] | ብዝሒ ተዛብቲ ፡ 370.000 ሽሕ ሰባት | ፊደል ፡ [[እንግሊዝኛ ፊደል]] አቲ ሳሞአኛ (''Gagana Samoa'') ናይ ኣውስትሮ ቋንቋ ብልምዲ ድማ ቋንቋ ናይ ሳሞአን ኣመሪካ-ሳሞአን (ጥቃ እንግልዘኛ) ቋንቋ እዩ. ኣብ [[ኣውስትራሊያ|ኣውስትራልያ]] ውን ተዛብቲ ቋንቋ ሳሞአኛ ኣለዉ, ኒው ዘይላንድ፣ ቶንጋን [[ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ|ዩናይትድ ስተትስ]]. ኣብ ምሉእ ዓለም ድማ ልዕሊ 370.000 ሰባት ቋንቋ ሳሞእኛ ይዛረቡ. ሳሞአኛ ብ [[እንግሊዝኛ ፊደል]] ይጽሓፍ። ኣስታት 15 ፊደላት ድማ ኣለዎ. [[Category:ሳሞአ]] [[Category:ኣፕያ]] 2gc586ui4frbry0g85mky3go4e20xow 0 4619 22987 19978 2021-08-05T18:09:09Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki | ስም ባጤራ ፡ ታላ | ሃገር ፡ [[ሳሞአ]] ታላ ባጤራ ናይ [[ሳሞአ]] እዩ. ታላ ድማ ብ: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 ሳንቲም 1 ታላ አያ. ብወረቀት ድማ 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 en 100 ታላ አዩ. == ባጤራ == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051226123120/http://tomchao.com/au/au14.html ሰእሊ ታላ ናይ ወረቀት] [[Category:ኣፕያ]] [[Category:ባጤራ]] [[Category:ሳሞአ]] bkf0trurlrlcu9pejwk25xi8tyy0nbz 0 4624 20384 20275 2020-03-07T16:02:28Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Add Category wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gyzis_006_(Ηistoria).jpeg|thumb|ታሪኽ]] [[ታሪኽ]] ታሪኽ ማለት፡ ኣብ ሕሉፍ ዘጋጠመ ነገራት ተመሊስካ ትሪእዮ እዩ። ታሪኽ ድማ ብብዝሒ ኣብ መጽሓፍ፣ ብዘመውኢ ድማ ኣብ ኢንተርነ ትክትርእዮ ትክእል። ንኣብነት፣ [[ዊኪፔዲያ]]። ታሪኽ ብቋንቋ [[እንግሊዝኛ]] ትጽዋዕ። ባህልታትን ህዝባዊን ውን ትሪእየሉ። [[Category:ታሪኽ]] 4oa4npnwmhakoz5upw527mz8dyitiuu 0 4625 21621 19643 2020-12-15T04:12:27Z Dcljr 46 remove extraneous ws wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cristiano_Ronaldo_2018.jpg|alt= ክሪስትያኖ ሮናልዶ ኣብ ናይ ጋንትኡ ስእሊ|thumb|456x456px|ክሪስትያኖ ሮናልዶ]] '''ክሪስትያኖ ሮናልዶ ዶስ ሳንቶስ ኣቫይሮ''' ( 5 ለካቲት 1985) ተጻዋቲ ናይ ሃገረ ፖርትጋል ህቡብ ተጻዋታይ ቦታ ጸጋም ቅድሚት ኢዩ። ኣብ 2018 ካብ ጋንታ ርያል ማድሪድ ናብ ጋንታ ጁቨንቱስ ግዒዙ። ቀዳመይቲ ጋንታታት ዝኣተወን ጋንታ፡ ስፖርቲን ሊሳቦንን፣ ማንቸስተር ዩናይትድን ይባሃላ። ክሳዕ 2013 ብዋጋ ዝኸበረ ተጻዋታይ ነይሩ። ኣብ 2015 ናይ ዓለምና ብጎ ልዝነፈዐ ናይ ቻምፕዮን-ሊግን አውሮጳ-ሊግን መዳልያን ና ይወርቂ ዋንጫን ተሰሊሙ ነይሩ። ናይ ርያል ማድሪድ ዝነፈዐ ብጎል ውን ንሱ ኢዩ ነይሩ።. [[File:Cristiano_Ronaldo_(cropped).jpg|thumb|336x336px|ሮናልዶ ኣብ ማንቸስተር ዩናይትድ ኣብ 2006]] 1dakq3traxqp4wfcjjhnc3ifuk52jmx 0 4626 24185 24184 2023-04-11T06:20:02Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hosios_Loukas_(nave,_vault_over_south_cross-arm)_-_Pantocrator_02.jpg|right|frameless|Icoon van Jezus als Pantocrator, mozaïek uit het Hosios Loukas klooster in Boeotië, Griekenland. Vroege 11de eeuw]] ቲ' ክርስትና [[ሃይማኖት]] ናይ የሱስ አምነት ኢዩ። [[Category:ሃይማኖት]] 3njklr4o7782imfagany87resqy608i 0 4627 20671 19952 2020-05-29T12:07:08Z Samuele2002 5491 Redirected page to [[ኣፕያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣፕያ]] rdxue248xt0t7o5c6r4focpitanprji 0 4630 21574 20137 2020-12-15T02:25:50Z Dcljr 46 remove useless line break wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Religionsmajoritaries.png|thumb|380px|]] [[File:Religious syms.svg|thumb|]] [[Category:ሃይማኖት]] dj23uxenz7mnmhms7zyy39tmzuan9ul 0 4632 20348 20327 2020-03-06T04:48:03Z XXBlackburnXx 5858 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Nimrod Mensur|Nimrod Mensur]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[ባጤራ]] ማለት, ብካልእ ስም [[ገንዘብ]] ወይ ውን [[ሰልዲ]] ይጽዋዕ. 5sxxveajeqm253iijs78bjeatui9ctt 0 4634 23302 23289 2021-11-16T18:00:44Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.2 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {| class="toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; clear:right; width:270px; padding:0px; margin:0px 0px 1em 1em; font-size:85%;" | colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |<div style="font-weight:bold; font-size:120%; ">ኒው ዘይላንድ<br /><br />Aotearoa </div> |- | colspan="3" | {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;" width="100%" | style="vertical-align: middle; text-align:center; width:120;" |[[File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg|alt=|center|199x199px]] | style="vertical-align: middle; text-align:center; width:120;" |[[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|153x153px]] |- | align="center" |<small>([[ባንዴራ]])</small> | align="center" |<small>([[Wapen van Nieuw-Zeeland|ኣርማ]])</small> |} |- | colspan="3" align="center" style="padding:0;" |[[File:LocationNewZealand.png|388x388px]] |- | colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |ኣገደስቲ ሓበሬታታት |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] | colspan="2" |[[እንግሊዝኛ]], [[Maori (taal)|ማኦሪ]], [[Nieuw-Zeelandse Gebarentaal|ቋንቋ ኒው ዘይላንድ]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ርእሲ ከተማ]] | colspan="2" |[[Wellington (stad in Nieuw-Zeeland)|ወሊንቶን]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ንጉስ/ንግስቲ ሃገር | colspan="2" |[[Elizabeth II van het Verenigd Koninkrijk|ኤልዛቤዝ]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |መራሒ ሃገር | colspan="2" |[[Jacinda Ardern|ያኪንዳ ኣርደርን]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ሃይማኖት]] | colspan="2" |[[ክርስትና]] 56% |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[Lijst van landen naar oppervlakte|ስፍሓት]] | colspan="2" |275.042&nbsp;km²&nbsp;<ref name="oppervlakte"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#555555; " title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">en</span>) </span> [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2013/Table03.pdf Verenigde Naties 2013]</ref> (2,1%&nbsp;ማይ) |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |ተቀምጥቲ | colspan="2" |4.143.282&nbsp;(2006)<ref name="census"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#555555; " title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">en</span>) </span> [http://unstats.un.org/UNSD/Demographic/products/vitstats/serATab2.pdf Laatste census 7 maart 2006 (via V.N.)]</ref> <br /><br />4.510.327&nbsp;(2017)<ref name="schatting"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#555555; " title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">en</span>) </span> [https://web.archive.org/web/20181225195601/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html%20 Niet officiële schatting CIA Factbook juli 2017] (berekend door US Bureau of the Census)</ref> (<span class="sortkey" style="display: none;">0000016399&nbsp;</span><span class="sorttext">16,4/km²&nbsp;<small>(2017)</small></span>) |- | colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |'''Overige''' |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[ባጤራ]] | colspan="2" |[[Nieuw-Zeelandse dollar|ናይ ኒው ዝአይላንድ ዶላር]] <code>([[ISO 4217|NZD]])</code> |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[UTC]] | colspan="2" |[[UTC+12|+12]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[Nationale feestdag|ሃገራዊ በዓል]] | colspan="2" |[[6 februari|6 ለካቲት]] |- | style="font-weight:bold;" |[[Topleveldomein|Web]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[ISO 3166-1|Code]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>[[Landnummer|Tel.]] | colspan="2" |[[.nz]]<nowiki> | NZL | 64</nowiki> |- | colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:#000000;" |'''Voorgaande staten''' |- | colspan="3" align="center" | {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;" width="100%" | align="left" |[[Bestand:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg|border|25x25px|Dominion Nieuw-Zeeland]]&nbsp;[[Dominion Nieuw-Zeeland]] | align="left" |'''1947''' |} |} ኒው ዘይላንድ ([[እንግሊዝኛ]]: ''New Zealand'', Maori: ''Aotearoa'' (ኣደማምጻ (IPA): [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa])) ሓንቲ ሃገር ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምዕራብ ካብ ኦስያን ትርከብ። ካብ ክልተ ዓበይቲ ደሴታት ትርከብ። [[Category:ሀገራት]] gywnsxyd3ovcj9vk2bh2ev3ekeps61w 0 4635 21670 21668 2020-12-21T01:45:37Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ርእሰ ከተማ''' ማለት ሓንቲ ፍልጥቲ ከተማ ናይ ሓንቲ ሃገር እያ። [[Category:ከተማ]] aotkytmum8ze77ysah2uuwkuiih048t 0 4636 24000 19715 2022-11-17T09:34:44Z CommonsDelinker 65 Removing [[:c:File:BIENVENIDOS_A_MONTE_ÁGUILA.jpg|BIENVENIDOS_A_MONTE_ÁGUILA.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: as per [[:c:COM:SPEEDY|]].. wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሞሆኖቴሄሃጊሂላሃ''' (Monte Águila), [[ቺሌ]]. q8ejmu4qr86g79qk1xzj9n3jldm3qc5 0 4642 23855 23769 2022-08-09T13:35:27Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} [[ፋይል:2006 Eritrea five nakfa tree.JPG|alt=|300x300px]] | ስም [[ባጤራ]] ፡ [[ናቕፋ (ባጤራ)]] | ስም ሃገር ፡ [[ኤርትራ]] '''ናቕፋ፣''' [[ባጤራ]] ናይ [[ኤርትራ]] እዩ። ሓደ ናቕፋ፣ ሚእቲ ሳንቲም እያ። ናቕፋ ኣብ ክልተ ይምቀል። ናይ ወረቐት ገንዘብን፣ ናይ ሓጺን ገንዘብን። ናይ ወረቀት ገንዘብ 1,5,10,20,50ን 100ን እየን። ናይ ሳንቲም ድማ፣ 1,5,10,25ን 50ን 100ን እየን። ብዕለት 08.11.1997 ናቅፋ ወግዓዊ ባጤራ ኤርትራ ኮይኑ። ዓለም-ለኻዊ ኮድ ISO code: ERN እዩ == ስእሊ ናይ ባጤራ == <br /> [[መደብ:ኤርትራ]] 0sls093kj9ke422fjzeub91o46zrxlp 0 4810 21898 21554 2021-01-12T13:53:23Z Joanmp14 5782 fixes wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ | ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ንግስነት ስጳኛ</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|Reino de España}}''}} | ሕብረት = [[ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት|ናይ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት]] | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ናይ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት ኣባል ሃገር|ኣባል ሃገር]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Spain.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''«Plus ultra»'' | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Marcha Real''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Marcha Real-Royal March by US Navy Band.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = EU-Spain.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ማድሪድ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፓርላማዊ ንግስና]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ንጉስ]] | ሽም_መራሒ1 = [[ፈሊፐ ሻድሻይ ናይ ስጳኛ|ፈሊፐ ሻድሻይ]] | ሓጋጊ_ኣካል = [[ኮርተስ ሄነራለስ]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ስጳኛዊ/ -ት | ሰፊሕ_መሬት = 505,990 | ሰፊሕ_መሬት_ቦታ = 51 | ሰፊሕ_ማይ = 1.04 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 47,329,981 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ዩሮ]] (€) | ናይ_ግዜ_ዞባ = CET (UTC+1) | እዋን_ክረምቲ = CEST (UTC+2) | ናይ_ኢንተርነት_ዓውዲ = .es | ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +34 }} '''ስጳኛ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦ ''España'')፣ ወግዓዊ '''ንግስነት ስጳኛ''' (ብስጳንኛ፦ ''Reino de España'')፣ ኣብ [[ኤውሮጳ]] ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ማድሪድ]] እያ። ብ[[ፖርቱጋል]]፣ [[ፈረንሳ]]ን [[ሞሮኮ]]ን ድማ ተከቢባ ትርከብ። ሽሕ ሰባት ኮይኖም። [[ባንዴራ]] ስጳኛ ካብ ክልተ ሕብርታት ትርከብ፣ ቀይሕን ብጫን። [[መደብ:ስጳኛ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ሃገራት]] bs6slds1ek0idfuaxrndgf4bendd54n 0 4811 19913 2019-12-01T18:53:22Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 Nimrod Mensur moved page [[ኣውሮጳ]] to [[ኤውሮጳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኤውሮጳ]] 0n7y53ol7bi1ioujd1kha0i1axni2jn 0 4812 20663 19931 2020-05-26T19:45:19Z Escarbot 70 wikidata interwiki wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Selimiye camii.JPG|thumb|center]] '''ኤዲረን''' [[Category:ቱርክ]] {{stub}} 2nyktpouth6tenk19ftkxuobxod1r8f 0 4813 24701 24467 2024-02-03T11:00:53Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ግዝኣት |ስም = ኣፍሪቃ |ካርታ = {{Imagemap ኣፍሪቃ}} |ስፍሓት = 30,370,000 |ብዝሒ ህዝቢ = 1,359,665,300<ref>{{cite web|url=https://countrymeters.info/en/Africa |title=countrymeters.info}}</ref> |ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓመት = 2021 |ጻዕቂ = 36.4 |ዜግነት ህዝቢ = ኣፍሪቃዊ/ -ት |ሃገራት = {{Collapsible list|ኣርእስቲ= 54 |1 = {{Flagcountry|ሊብያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ላይበርያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሌሶቶ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ማሊ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ማላዊ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ማውሪሸስ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ማውሪታንያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ማዳጋስካር}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሞሮኮ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሞዛምቢክ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሩዋንዳ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሰነጋል}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሱዳን}}<br /> {{Flagcountry|ሲሸልስ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሳኦ ቶመን ፕሪንሲፐን}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሴራ ልዮን}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ስዋዚላንድ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሶማልያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|በኒን}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ቡርኪና ፋሶ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ብሩንዲ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ቦትስዋና}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ቱኒዝያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ታንዛንያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ቶጎ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኒጀር}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ናሚብያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ናይጀርያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኡጋንዳ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኢትዮጵያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኣልጀርያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኣንጎላ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኣይቮሪ ኮስት}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኤርትራ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ካሜሩን}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኬንያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኬፕ ቨርደ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ኮሞሮስ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ዚምባብዌ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ዛምብያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ደቡብ ሱዳን}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ጅቡቲ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ጊኒ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ጊኒ-ቢሳው}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ጋምብያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ጋቦን}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ጋና}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ግብጺ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ጫድ}}<br /> }} |ኣፍልጦ ዘይረኸባ ሃገራት = {{Collapsible list|ኣርእስቲ=2|text={{Flagcountry|ሶማሊላንድ}}<br>{{Flagcountry|ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሳህራዊ ዓረብ}} }} |ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋታት ኣፍሪቃ|ዝርዝር ቋንቋታት]] |ዞባ ግዜ = [[UTC-1]] ክሳዕ [[UTC+4]] |ዞባዊ ውድባት = [[ኣፍሪቃዊ ሕብረት]] }} '''ኣፍሪቃ''' ድሕሪ [[ኤስያ]]ን [[ኣመሪካ (ክፍለ ዓለም)|ኣመሪካ]]ን፣ ሳልሰይቲ ዝዓበየት [[ክፍለ ዓለም]] እያ። [[ፋይል:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|center|upright|thumb|ምስሊ ሳተላይት]] == ዝርዝር ሃገራትን ግዝኣታትን == {{See also|ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ}} === ልኡላውያን ሃገራት === [[ፋይል:AfricaLocation.svg|center|thumb|upright=2|ኣፍሪቃ ኣብ ካርታ ዓለም]] {| class="references-small sortable wikitable" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:95%" ! ! ባንዴራ ! ኣርማ ! ስም/ወግዓዊ ስም ! ተመስሪታ ! [[ዝርዝር ሃገራት ብስፍሓት|ስፍሓት]]<br>(ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.) ! ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ! ተቐማጥቲ<br> ብ[[ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር|ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]] ! [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] ! ወግዓዊ<br>ቋንቋ(ታት) |- | align="center" |1 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሊብያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:The emblem on the passport of Libya.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሊብያ]] <br>ሃገረ ሊብያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1947 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,759,540 | style="text-align:right;"| 6,541,948 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,1 | [[ትሪፖሊ]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]/[[ቋንቋታት በርበር|በርበር]] |- | align="center" |2 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ላይበርያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Liberiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ላይበርያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ላይበርያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1847 | style="text-align:right;"| 111,369 | style="text-align:right;"| 4,299,944 | style="text-align:right;"| 39 | [[ሞንሮቭያ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |3 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሌሶቶ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Lesothi.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሌሶቶ]] <br>ንግስነት ሌሶቶ | style="text-align:center;"| 1966 | style="text-align:right;"| 301355 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,953,070 | style="text-align:right;"| 73 | [[ማሰሩ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ሴሶቶ|ሴሶቶ]] |- | align="center" |4 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ማሊ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Mali.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ማሊ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ማሊ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,240,192 | style="text-align:right;"| 17,467,108 | style="text-align:right;"| 14 | [[ባማኮ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |5 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ማላዊ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Malaviae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ማላዊ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ማላዊ | style="text-align:center;"| 1964 | style="text-align:right;"| 118,484 | style="text-align:right;"| 18,570,321 | style="text-align:right;"| 117,5 | [[ሊሎንግወ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ቺቸዋ|ቺቸዋ]] |- | align="center" |6 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ማውሪሸስ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Mauritiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ማውሪሸስ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ማውሪሸስ | style="text-align:center;"| 1968 | style="text-align:right;"| 2040 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,348,242 | style="text-align:right;"| 652,5 | [[ፖርት ልዊስ]] |[[ማውሪሸሳዊ ክርዮል]] <small>(''ብተግባር'')</small> |- | align="center" |7 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ማውሪታንያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Seal of Mauritania (2018).svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ማውሪታንያ]] <br>እስላማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ማውሪታንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,030,700 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,677,293 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,2 | [[ንዋክሾት]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |8 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ማዳጋስካር}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Seal of Madagascar.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ማዳጋስካር]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ማዳጋስካር | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 587,041 | style="text-align:right;"| 24,430,325 | style="text-align:right;"| 31 | [[ኣንታናናሪቮ]] |[[ቋንቋ ማላጋስኛ|ማላጋስኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |9 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሞሮኮ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Maroci.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሞሮኮ]] <br>ንግስነት ሞሮኮ | style="text-align:center;"| 1956 | style="text-align:right;"| 446,550 | style="text-align:right;"| 33,655,786 | style="text-align:right;"| 73,1 | [[ራባት]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]/[[ቋንቋታት በርበር|በርበር]] |- | align="center" |10 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሞዛምቢክ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Mozambique.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሞዛምቢክ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሞዛምቢክ | style="text-align:center;"| 1975 | style="text-align:right;"| 799,380 | style="text-align:right;"| 25,930,150 | style="text-align:right;"| 24,2 | [[ማፑቶ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |11 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሩዋንዳ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሩዋንዳ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሩዋንዳ | style="text-align:center;"| 1962 | style="text-align:right;"| 26,338 | style="text-align:right;"| 12,988,423 | style="text-align:right;"| 419,8 | [[ኪጋሊ]] |[[ቋንቋ ኪኛሩዋንዳ|ኪኛሩዋንዳ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |12 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne rei publicae Africae Mediae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 622,984 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,507,257 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,8 | [[ባንጊ]] |[[ቋንቋ ሳንጎ|ሳንጎ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |13 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne rei publicae Congensis.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 342,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 4,852,412 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,5 | [[ብራዛቪል]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |14 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሰነጋል}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Senegaliae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሰነጋል]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሰነጋል | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 196,722 | style="text-align:right;"| 14,320,055 | style="text-align:right;"| 63,7 | [[ዳካር]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |15 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሱዳን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Sudaniae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሱዳን]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሱዳን | style="text-align:center;"| 1956 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,861,484 | style="text-align:right;"| 36,729,501 | style="text-align:right;"| 17,7 | [[ካርቱም]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |16 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሲሸልስ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Insularum Seisellensium.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሲሸልስ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሲሸልስ | style="text-align:center;"| 1976 | style="text-align:right;"| 455 | style="text-align:right;"| 93,186 | style="text-align:right;"| 180 | [[ቪክቶርያ (ሲሸልስ)|ቪክቶርያ]] |[[ሲሸልሳዊ ክርዮል]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |17 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሳኦ ቶመን ፕሪንሲፐን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሳኦ ቶመን ፕሪንሲፐን]] <br>ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሳኦ ቶመን ፕሪንሲፐን | style="text-align:center;"| 1975 | style="text-align:right;"| 964 | style="text-align:right;"| 197,541 | style="text-align:right;"| 170 | [[ሳኦ ቶመ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |18 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሴራ ልዮን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Montis Leonini.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሴራ ልዮን]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ሴራ ልዮን | style="text-align:center;"| 1961 | style="text-align:right;"| 71,740 | style="text-align:right;"| 6,018,888 | style="text-align:right;"| 82 | [[ፍሪታውን]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |19 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ስዋዚላንድ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Swaziae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ስዋዚላንድ]] <br>ንግስነት ስዋዚላንድ | style="text-align:center;"| 1968 | style="text-align:right;"| 17,364 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,451,428 | style="text-align:right;"| 58,6 | [[ምባባነ]] |[[ቋንቋ ስዋዚ|ስዋዚ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |20 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ሶማልያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Somaliae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ሶማልያ]] <br>ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሶማልያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 637,657 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,817,354 | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | [[ሞቓድሾ]] |[[ቋንቋ ሶማልኛ|ሶማልኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]] |- | align="center" |21 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|በኒን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Benini.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[በኒን]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ በኒን | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 112,622 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,741,458 | style="text-align:right;"| 94,8 | [[ፖርቶ ኖቮ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |22 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቡርኪና ፋሶ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቡርኪና ፋሶ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 274,200 | style="text-align:right;"| 19,512,533 | style="text-align:right;"| 64,1 | [[ዋጋዱጉ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |23 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ብሩንዲ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Burundiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ብሩንዲ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ብሩንዲ | style="text-align:center;"| 1962 | style="text-align:right;"| 110,910 | style="text-align:right;"| 11,099,298 | style="text-align:right;"| 388,6 | [[ጊተጋ]] |[[ቋንቋ ኪሩንዲ|ኪሩንዲ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |24 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቦትስዋና}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Botswanae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቦትስዋና]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ቦትስዋና | style="text-align:center;"| 1966 | style="text-align:right;"| 581,730 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,209,208 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.7 | [[ጋቦሮነ]] |[[ቋንቋ ጽዋና|ጽዋና]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |25 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቱኒዝያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Tunesiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቱኒዝያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ቱኒዝያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1956 | style="text-align:right;"| 163,610 | style="text-align:right;"| 11,134,588 | style="text-align:right;"| 61 | [[ቱኒስ]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]] |- | align="center" |26 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ታንዛንያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Tanzaniae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ታንዛንያ]] <br>ሕቡር ሪፓብሊክ ታንዛንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1964 | style="text-align:right;"| 947,300 | style="text-align:right;"| 52,482,726 | style="text-align:right;"| 39 | [[ዶዶማ]] |[[ቋንቋ ስዋሂሊ|ስዋሂሊ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |27 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ቶጎ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Togo.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ቶጎ]] <br>ቶጎኣዊት ሪፓብሊክ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 56,785 | style="text-align:right;"| 7,756,937 | style="text-align:right;"| 93 | [[ሎመ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |28 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኒጀር}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Nigritanum.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኒጀር]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኒጀር | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,267,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 18,638,600 | style="text-align:right;"| 8.4 | [[ንያመይ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |29 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ናሚብያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Namibiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ናሚብያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ናሚብያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 824,292 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,436,469 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,5 | [[ዊንድሆክ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |30 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ናይጀርያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Nigeriae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ናይጀርያ]] <br>ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ናይጀርያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 923,768 | style="text-align:right;"| 186,053,386 | style="text-align:right;"| 201,3 | [[ኣቡጃ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |31 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኡጋንዳ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Ugandae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኡጋንዳ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኡጋንዳ | style="text-align:center;"| 1962 | style="text-align:right;"| 241,038 | style="text-align:right;"| 38,319,241 | style="text-align:right;"| 144 | [[ካምፓላ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ስዋሂሊ|ስዋሂሊ]] |- | align="center" |32 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኢትዮጵያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኢትዮጵያ]] <br>ፈደራላዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ | style="text-align:center;"| 980 ቅ.ክ. | style="text-align:right;"| 1,104,300 | style="text-align:right;"| 102,374,044 | style="text-align:right;"| 81,5 | [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] |[[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] |- | align="center" |33 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ | style="text-align:center;"| 1968 | style="text-align:right;"| 28,051 | style="text-align:right;"| 759,451 | style="text-align:right;"| 43,5 | [[ማላቦ]] |[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |34 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣልጀርያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣልጀርያ]] <br>ህዝባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኣልጀርያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1962 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,381,741 | style="text-align:right;"| 40,263,711 | style="text-align:right;"| 14,6 | [[ኣልጀርስ]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]/[[ቋንቋታት በርበር|በርበር]] |- | align="center" |35 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣንጎላ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Angola.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣንጎላ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኣንጎላ | style="text-align:center;"| 1975 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,246,702 | style="text-align:right;"| 20,172,332 | style="text-align:right;"| 19,4 | [[ሉዋንዳ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |36 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኣይቮሪ ኮስት}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Litoris Eburnei.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኣይቮሪ ኮስት]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኣይቮሪ ኮስት | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 322,463 | style="text-align:right;"| 23,740,424 | style="text-align:right;"| 70.8 | [[ያሙሱክሮ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |37 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኤርትራ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Erythraeae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኤርትራ]] <br>ሃገረ ኤርትራ | style="text-align:center;"| 1993 | style="text-align:right;"| 117,600 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,869,869 | style="text-align:right;"| 37 | [[ኣስመራ]] |[[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]] |- | align="center" |38 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ካሜሩን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Cammaruniae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ካሜሩን]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ካሜሩን | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 475,440 | style="text-align:right;"| 24,360,803 | style="text-align:right;"| 34 | [[ያውንደ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |39 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኬንያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Keniae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኬንያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኬንያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1963 | style="text-align:right;"| 580,367 | style="text-align:right;"| 46,790,758 | style="text-align:right;"| 53 | [[ናይሮቢ]] |[[ቋንቋ ስዋሂሊ|ስዋሂሊ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |40 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኬፕ ቨርደ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኬፕ ቨርደ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ኬፕ ቨርደ | style="text-align:center;"| 1975 | style="text-align:right;"| 4033 | style="text-align:right;"| 553,432 | style="text-align:right;"| 101 | [[ፕራያ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |41 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ኮሞሮስ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Seal of the Comoros.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ኮሞሮስ]] <br>ሕብረት ኮሞሮስ | style="text-align:center;"| 1975 | style="text-align:right;"| 2235 | style="text-align:right;"| 794,678 | style="text-align:right;"| 324 | [[ሞሮኒ]] |[[ቋንቋ ኮሞርኛ|ኮሞርኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |42 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ዚምባብዌ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Zimbabuae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ዚምባብዌ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ዚምባብዌ | style="text-align:center;"| 1980 | style="text-align:right;"| 390,757 | style="text-align:right;"| 14,546,961 | style="text-align:right;"| 32 | [[ሃራረ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ሾና|ሾና]] |- | align="center" |43 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ዛምብያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Zambiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ዛምብያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ዛምብያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1964 | style="text-align:right;"| 752,618 | style="text-align:right;"| 15,510,711 | style="text-align:right;"| 17,2 | [[ሉሳካ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |44 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ]] | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,344,858 | style="text-align:right;"| 81,331,050 | style="text-align:right;"| 30.5 | [[ኪንሻሳ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |45 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ደቡብ ሱዳን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Blason imaginaire de Guiron le Courtois.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ደቡብ ሱዳን]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ደቡብ ሱዳን | style="text-align:center;"| 2011 | style="text-align:right;"| 644,329 | style="text-align:right;"| 12,530,717 | style="text-align:right;"| 13,3 | [[ጁባ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |46 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Africae australis.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ | style="text-align:center;"| 1931 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,219,090 | style="text-align:right;"| 54,300,704 | style="text-align:right;"| 40.4 | [[ፕረቶርያ]]<br>[[ኬፕ ታውን]]<br>[[ብሉምፎንታይን]] |[[ቋንቋ ኣፍሪካንስ|ኣፍሪካንስ]]/[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]/<br>[[ቋንቋታት ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ]] |- | align="center" |47 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጅቡቲ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Gibuti.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጅቡቲ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ጅቡቲ | style="text-align:center;"| 1977 | style="text-align:right;"| 23,200 | style="text-align:right;"| 846,687 | style="text-align:right;"| 37,6 | [[ጅቡቲ (ከተማ)|ከተማ ጅቡቲ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]] |- | align="center" |48 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጊኒ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne rei publicae Guineae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጊኒ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ጊኒ | style="text-align:center;"| 1958 | style="text-align:right;"| 245,857 | style="text-align:right;"| 12,093,349 | style="text-align:right;"| 38,5 | [[ኮናክሪ]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |49 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጊኒ-ቢሳው}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Emblem of Guinea-Bissau.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጊኒ-ቢሳው]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ጊኒ-ቢሳው | style="text-align:center;"| 1974 | style="text-align:right;"| 36,125 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,759,159 | style="text-align:right;"| 50 | [[ቢሳው]] |[[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |50 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጋምብያ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Gambiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጋምብያ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ጋምብያ | style="text-align:center;"| 1965 | style="text-align:right;"| 11,300 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,009,648 | style="text-align:right;"| 132 | [[ባንጁል]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |51 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጋቦን}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Gabonis.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጋቦን]] <br>ጋቦናዊት ሪፓብሊክ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 267,667 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,738,541 | style="text-align:right;"| 6 | [[ሊብረቪል]] |[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |- | align="center" |52 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጋና}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Ganae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጋና]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ጋና | style="text-align:center;"| 1957 | style="text-align:right;"| 238,533 | style="text-align:right;"| 26,908,262 | style="text-align:right;"| 102 | [[ኣክራ]] |[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] |- | align="center" |53 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ግብጺ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Aegyptium.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ግብጺ]] <br>ዓረባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ግብጺ | style="text-align:center;"| 1922 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,001,450 | style="text-align:right;"| 94,666,993 | style="text-align:right;"| 87.9 | [[ካይሮ]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]] |- | align="center" |54 | style="text-align:center;"| {{Flagdeco|ጫድ}} | style="text-align:center;"| [[ፋይል:Insigne Tzadiae.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[ጫድ]] <br>ሪፓብሊክ ጫድ | style="text-align:center;"| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,284,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 11,852,462 | style="text-align:right;"| 8,7 | [[ንጃመና]] |[[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]/[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] |-class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;" | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:center;"| ጠቕላላ | style="text-align:right;"| 45,435,700 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,187,009,422 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,61 | style="text-align:right;"| | colspan="2" | |} == መወከሲታት == {{reflist|1}} [[መደብ:ኣፍሪቃ]] hgpw7osnv4j37n5sxmhkn6f6vomez9q 0 4814 24003 22509 2022-11-19T09:41:35Z 2604:3D08:6482:B70:CC55:2F46:36D6:63A1 Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300" |+<big><big>ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና‎</big></big><br /><br /><big><big>'''中华人民共和国'''</big></big> | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ffffff;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="148" |[[File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="148" |[[File:National_Emblem_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg|136x136px]] |- | align="center" width="148" |([[ባንዴራ]]) | align="center" width="148" |([[ኣርማ]]) |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |ሓበሬታ |- |[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] |[[ቻይንኛ|ቻይነኛ]] |- |[[ርእሲ ከተማ]] |[[ሆንግ ኮንግ]] |- |ብዝሒ ተቐመጥቲ |1.403.500.365 <small>(2016)</small> |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |[[File:China_in_its_region_(claimed_hatched).svg|200x200px]] |} '''ቻይና (中國; China)''' ሓንቲ ዓባይ ሃገር ኮይና፣ ኣብ [[ኤስያ]] ትርከብ። ርእሲ ከተማ ናይ ቻይና [[ሆንግ ኮንግ]] ትብሃል። ልዕሊ 1 ቢልዮን ሰባት ድማ ይቕመጥዋ። ቋንቋ ቻይና ድማ ይዛረቡ።ብተወሳኺ ድማ ኮቪድ-19 ዝበሃል ተላባዒ ሕማም መበገሲኡ ኣብ ቻይና አዩ:: [[Category:ሀገራት]] 14hpy0vzl3d0qbmpbnjf4dvfrxj32hg 0 4815 21564 21543 2020-12-14T12:48:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C]] ([[User talk:2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asia_satellite_orthographic.jpg|right|thumb|260x260px|ኤስያ]] [[ኤስያ]] ሓንቲ [[ክፍለ ሃገር]] ኮይና፣ እታ ዝዓበየት ክፍለ ሃገር እያ። 5z3k5159lgxsmxsy3acxyfeoh6bngr9 0 4816 21191 20446 2020-09-18T18:44:32Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ዊኪፐድያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ]] g9zzdsd25dnxheyiftrxjci9r872dnj 0 4818 19977 19937 2019-12-23T12:39:19Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300" |+<big><big>ኢንዶኔስያ</big></big><br /><br /><big><big>'''''Republic of Indonesia'''''</big></big> | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ffffff;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="148" |[[File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg|border|150x150px]] | align="center" width="148" |[[File:National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg|131x131px]] |- | align="center" width="148" |([[ባንዴራ]]) | align="center" width="148" |([[ኣርማ]]) |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" | |- |'''[[ርእሲ ከተማ|ርእሲ ከተ]]''' |[[ጃካርታ]] |- |'''[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]]''' |ባሃሳ ኢንዶኔስያ |- |'''[[ባጤራ]]''' |ሩፓይህ (Rp) |- |'''ተቀመጥቲ''' |237,424,363 |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |[[File:Jakarta.jpg|200x200px]] |} ኢንዶስያ፣ ሓንቲ ሃገር ኮይና፣ ኣብ [[ኣስያ]] ትርከብ። ርእሲ ከማ ናይ ኢንዶኔስያ [[ጃካርታ]]ትበሃል። ኣብ 16.000 ዝተመቀለት ደሴት ድማ እያ። ቋንቋ [[ባሃሳ ኢንዶኔስያ]] ድማ ይዛረቡ። ልዕሊ 16.000 ሽሕ ሰባት ድማ ይቅመጥዋ። [[ባንዴራ]] ኢንዶኔስያ ካብ ክልተ ሕብሪ ተሰሪሓ ትርከብ። ቀይሕን ብጫን። ዝበዘሐ ክፋል ሰባት [[ሃይማኖት]] ድማ [[ኣስላም]] እዩ። [[Category:ኤስያ]] [[Category:ሀገራት]] mcdz4nt8ldjtt42306nqthfkx41t273 0 4819 23101 23100 2021-09-07T09:41:31Z Wolverène 3395 Undo revision 23100 by [[Special:Contributions/Abdalla ishmaacil|Abdalla ishmaacil]] ([[User talk:Abdalla ishmaacil|talk]]) wikitext text/x-wiki '''ምስልምና''' ([[ዓረብኛ]]: اسلام (''islām'') ወይ الإسلام (''al-islām'') ሃይማኖት እዩ። [[File:Opened_Qur'an.jpg|thumb|ናይ ዓረበኛ ቁረኣን]] 98p2ns3pl2xysvz2imodmz92lzkm2o8 0 4821 21192 20450 2020-09-18T18:44:37Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ዊኪፐድያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ]] g9zzdsd25dnxheyiftrxjci9r872dnj 0 4826 24704 24489 2024-02-03T11:02:57Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300" |+<big>Rzeczpospolita Polska</big><br /><br /><big><big>''' ርፑብሊክ ፖላንድ'''</big></big> | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ffffff;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="148" | | align="center" width="148" | |- | align="center" width="148" |[[ፋይል:Flag of Poland.svg|center|frameless|upright=0.6]]([[ባንዴራ]]) | align="center" width="148" |[[ፋይል:Herb Polski.svg|center|frameless|upright=0.4]]([[ኣርማ]]) |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |ኣገደስቲ ሓበሬታ |- |'''ብዝሒ ተቀመጥቲ''' |38,478,602 (2015) |- |[[ርእሲ ከተማ|'''ርእሲ ከተማ''']] |'''[[ዋርሳው]]''' |- |'''[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]]''' |'''[[ፖሊሽ]]''' |- |'''[[ጽፍሓት መሬት|ስፍሓት ሃገር]]''' |312,696 km<sup>2</sup> |- |[[ክፍለ ሃገር|'''ክፍለ ሃገር''']] |'''[[ኤውሮጳ]]''' |- |'''መስመር''' |[[.pl]] |- |'''ኮድ ስልኪ''' | +48 |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |[[ፋይል:LocationPoland.png]] |} ''' ርፒብሊክ ፖላንድ'''([[ፖሊሽ]]: Polska) ሓንቲ ኣዝያ ዓባይ ሃገር ናይ [[ኤውሮጳ]] ኮይና፣ ኣስታት 39.000.000 ሚልዮን ሰባት ይቅመጥዋ።[[ርእሲ ከተማ]] ናይ ፖላንድ, [[ዋርሳው]] ትበሃል. ፖላንድ ብ7 ሃገራት ተከቢባ ትርከብ። ንሳተን ድማ፥ [[ጀርመን]]፣ ትየቼ፣ ስሎዋክ፣ [[ሩስያ]]፡ [[ሊታወን]]፡ [[ዩክረይን]]ን [[ቤላሩስ]]ን እየን። [[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] ናይ ፖላንድ [[ፖሊሽ]] ''እዮ''. ስፍሓት መሬት ናይ ፖላንድ ድማ 312,696 ስለ ዝኾነ ድማ፣ ሓንቲ ዓባይ ሃገር ናይ [[ኣውሮጳ|ኤውሮጳ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ኤውሮጳ]] [[መደብ:ሀገራት]] 9xvr5s333pjzf2tg2sdts7z2zg08vfo 0 4828 22706 20007 2021-04-30T13:36:57Z Minorax 6345 obs tag wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#f9f9f9; border:1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">'''Warszawa'''</span> '''ዋርሳው''' ![[ባንዴራ]] ![[ኣርማ]] |- align="center" | style="background: #f0f0f0;width: 145px;" |[[File:Flag of Warsaw.svg|129x129px]] | style="background: #ffffff;width: 145px;" |[[File:POL Warszawa COA.svg|129x129px]] |- |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |'''ሃገር''' |[[File:Flag of Poland.svg|32x32px]][[ፖላንድ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |'''ተቀመጥቲ''' |1 726 581 |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |'''ስፍሓት ሃገር''' |517 km² |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |'''መስመር''' |UTC +1 <br /><br /> UTC +2 |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" ! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" |ዋርሳው ኣብ ካርታ ናይ [[ፖላንድ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | colspan="2" align="center" |[[File:POL Warszawa map.svg|281x281px]] |} '''ዋርሳው''' ([[ፖሊሽ]]፡ ''Warszawa) [[ርእሲ ከተማ]]'' ናይ [[ፖላንድ]] እያ። ኣስታት 1.800.000 ሚልዮን ዝኾኑ \ ሰት ድማ ይቅመጥዋ። ሓንቲ ካብተን ዝዓበየት ከተማ ናይ ፖላንድ ድማ እያ። 4pbe3k32l6r4s647ayp8rn7pwbk4722 0 4829 19971 19970 2019-12-22T18:44:28Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፖሊሽ''' (polski \ፖሊሽ\) ናይ [[ፖላንድ]] ቋንቋ ኢዩ። 40 ሚሊዮን ሰባት ድማ ይዛረብዎ። k86mw7lqdanhh36qfynqg6kpv16he5b 0 4831 20907 20001 2020-08-13T21:20:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Changed redirect target from [[ተጠቃሚ ምይይጥ:ኣምስተርዳም]] to [[ኣምስተርዳም]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣምስተርዳም]] 1p73vacpgucu1q5wnhdpjzv1w3038l6 0 4833 24506 24406 2023-09-15T06:29:21Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ስልጣን | ምስሊ = Isaias Afwerki (2023-05-31).jpg | ስም = ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ | መጠን = 220px | እግረዋይ ምስሊ = ኢሳይያስ ኣብ 2023 | ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Eritrea (or-argent-azur).svg | ስልጣን = [[ዝርዝር ፕረዚደንታት ኤርትራ|ቅዋማዊ ፕረዚደንት ሃገረ ኤርትራ]] | በዓልቲ ቤት = [[ሳባ ሃይለ]] | ቆልዑ = 3 | ሰልፊ = [[ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንደሞክራስን ፍትሕን]] | ፊርማ = Isaias Afwerki's Signature.svg }} '''ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ'''፣ ወይ ድማ '''ኣፍወርቂ''' ወይ '''ኣፈዎርቂ'''፣ ([[ኣስመራ]]፣ [[ኤርትራ]]፤ 2 ለካቲት 1946)፣ ካብ 1991 ''ብተግባር'' ፕረዚደንት ኤርትራ ኤርትራዊ ፖለቲከኛ እዩ። ናይ [[ኤርትራ]] ኮይኑ ተመሪጹ። "ርእሰ መላኪ" ዚብል ማዕርግ ተዋሂብዎ ዘሎ ፕረዚደንት፥ ኣብ ስልጣን ንልዕሊ 25 ዓመታት ብዘይ ዝኮነ ናይ ህዝባዊ ወይ ባይቶዊ ምርጫ ን ኤርትራ ይመርሓ ይርከብ። ኤርትራ ኣብ ትሕቲ ፕረዚደንት ኢሰይያስ ኣፍወርቂ ፥ ዝኮነ ናይ ቑመባዊ ዕብየት ከተርኢ ኣይከኣለትን ዘላ። አምበሺ ከም ሽንቲ ገመል ንድሕሪት ትጉተት ኣላ። ዘይዉሱን ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት፥ ዘይፍትሓዊ ማእሰርቲ፥ ናይ ምንቕስቃስ (ኣብ ውሽቲ ሃገር ኮነ ካብ ሃገር ወጻኢ) ናጽነት፥ ናይ ወፍሪ ናጽነት ፥ ናይ ጋዘጤናንነት ናጽነት፥ ናይ ሃይማኖት ናጽነት፥ ናይ ምምራጽን ተማራጽነት ናጽነት ዝከልከለ ዝንቡዕ ፖሊሲ ኢሰይያስ - ን ነብሱ 'ዲክታቶር' ን ኤርትራ ከኣ 'ናይ ኣፍሪቃ ሰሜን ኮርያ' ዝብል ሳጓ ኣሰኪሙዋ ይርከብ። [[ፋይል:Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Isaias_Afwerki.jpg|left|thumb|ሚኒስተር [[ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ]] ምስ ናይ [[ኤርትራ]] ፕረሲደንት።]] ej6yewx1ukkonazbvswvn82tao28wvp 0 4834 23241 21115 2021-10-24T06:53:01Z 125.162.221.55 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፕረዚደንት''' ማለት ናይ ሓንቲ ሃገር መራሒ ኮይኑ፣ ብ[[ፖለቲካ]] ሃገር ዝቆጻጸራ እዩ። {{Stub}} [[Category:ፖለቲካዊ ስርዓት]] feilrkdqslqxnick785rn68vgkviqo9 0 4835 20019 2020-01-04T21:33:52Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 Created by translating the page "[[:nl:Special:Redirect/revision/55350766|Oppervlakte]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Zie ook|Dit artikel gaat over de maat een tweedimensionale figuur; zie [[oppervlak]] voor andere betekenissen.}}'ቲ '''ጽፍሓት''' (ናይ ጸፊሕ) ናይ ቁጽሪ ቋንቋ እዩ። 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መራሒ5|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}} |labelstyle17 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle17 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-size: 110% |label17 = &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;{{{ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ4}}} |data17 = {{{ስም_መራሒ4|}}} |rowclass18 = mergedbottomrow |labelstyle18 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle18 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-size: 110% |label18 = &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;{{{ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ5}}} |data18 = {{{ስም_መራሒ5|}}} |labelstyle19 = font-size: 110% |datastyle19 = font-size: 110% |label19 = [[ሓጋጊ ኣካል]] |data19 = {{Property|linkback=yes|1=p194|3=<br>|highest_rank=yes}} |labelstyle20 = font-size: 110% |datastyle20 = font-size: 110% |label20 = {{{መሰረት|}}}<br />{{#if:{{{ምዕራፋት_መሰረት|}}} |<div style="font-weight:100;">{{{ምዕራፋት_መሰረት}}}</div>}} |data20 = {{#if:{{{ዕለታት_መሰረት|}}} |{{{ዕለታት_መሰረት}}}}} |labelstyle21 = font-size: 110% |datastyle21 = font-size: 110% |label21 = [[ዝርዝር ሃገራት ብስፍሓት|ስፍሓት]] |data21 = {{#if:{{{ስፍሓት_ቦታ|}}}|[[ዝርዝር ሃገራት ብስፍሓት|{{{ስፍሓት_ቦታ}}}ይ ቦታ]]|{{#if:{{{ስፍሓት|}}}|&nbsp;}}}} |labelstyle22 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;font-size: 110% |datastyle22 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-size: 110% |label22 = &nbsp;&bull; ጠቕላላ |data22 = {{#if:{{{ስፍሓት|}}}|{{{ስፍሓት|}}} [[ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር|ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]]}}{{#if:{{{ስፍሓት_መዘኻኸሪታት|}}}|{{{ስፍሓት_መዘኻኸሪታት}}}}} |labelstyle23 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;font-size: 110% |datastyle23 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-size: 110% |label23 = &nbsp;&bull; ማይ (%) |data23 = {{{ሚእታዊት_ማይ|}}} |labelstyle24 = font-size: 110% |datastyle24 = font-size: 110% |label24 = ብዝሒ ህዝቢ |data24 = {{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ቦታ|}}}|[[ሃገራት ብብዝሒ ህዝቢ|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ቦታ}}}ይ ቦታ]]|{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}|&nbsp;}}}} |labelstyle25 = border:0;padding:1px 10px;font-weight:100;font-size: 110% |datastyle25 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-size: 110% |label25 = •&nbsp;ግምት{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት|}}}|&nbsp;({{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት}}})}} |data25 = {{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}&nbsp;ተቐመጥቲ}}{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_መዘኻኸሪታት|}}}|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_መዘኻኸሪታት}}}}} |labelstyle26 = font-size: 110% |datastyle26 = font-size: 110% |label26 = [[ባጤራ]] |data26 = {{{ባጤራ|}}} {{#if:{{{ምልክት_ባጤራ|}}}{{{ባጤራ_ኣይሶ|}}}|(}}{{{ምልክት_ባጤራ|}}}{{#if:{{{ባጤራ_ኣይሶ|}}}|{{#if:{{{ምልክት_ባጤራ|}}}|,&nbsp;}}[[ኣይሶ 4217|{{{ባጤራ_ኣይሶ}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{ምልክት_ባጤራ|}}}{{{ባጤራ_ኣይሶ|}}}|)}} |labelstyle27 = font-size: 110% |datastyle27 = font-size: 110% |label27 = [[ዞባ ግዜ]] |data27 = {{{ዞባ_ግዜ|}}} |labelstyle28 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;font-size: 110% |datastyle28 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-size: 110% |label28 = &nbsp;&bull; ኣብ [[ግዜ ክረምቲ|ክረምቲ]] |data28 = {{{ግዜ_ክረምቲ|}}} |labelstyle29 = font-size: 110% |datastyle29 = font-size: 110% |label29 = [[ISO 3166-1|ኮድ ኣይሶ]] |data29 = {{{ኮድ_ኣይሶ|}}} |labelstyle30 = font-size: 110% |datastyle30 = font-size: 110% |label30 = ዓውዲ ኢንተርነት |data30 = {{{ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት|}}} |labelstyle31 = font-size: 110% |datastyle31 = font-size: 110% |label31 = {{#if:{{{ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ|}}}|ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ|ስልካዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ}} |data31 = {{{ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ|{{{ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ|}}}}}} |labelstyle32 = font-size: 110% |datastyle32 = font-size: 110% |label32 = ኮድ ኣ.ኦ.ኮ |data32 = {{{ኮድ_ኣ.ኦ.ኮ|{{Property|linkback=yes|1=p984|3=<br>|highest_rank=yes}}}}} |labelstyle33 = font-size: 110% |datastyle33 = font-size: 110%;text-align:left |data33 = {{#if:{{{ኣባል_ናይ|}}}|{{Collapsible list|ኣርእስቲ=ኣባልነት|1={{{ኣባል_ናይ|}}}}}}} |tablefooter = {{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪታት|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ1|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ2|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ3|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ4|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ5|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ6|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ7|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ8|}}}{{{መዘኻኸሪ9|}}}| <ol class="references"> {{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ1|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-1">[[#infobox_ref-1|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ1}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ2|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-2">[[#infobox_ref-2|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ2}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ3|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-3">[[#infobox_ref-3|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ3}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ4|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-4">[[#infobox_ref-4|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ4}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ5|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-5">[[#infobox_ref-5|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ5}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ6|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-6">[[#infobox_ref-6|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ6}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ7|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-7">[[#infobox_ref-7|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ7}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ8|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-8">[[#infobox_ref-8|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ8}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ9|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-9">[[#infobox_ref-9|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ9}}}</li>}}{{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ10|}}}|<li id="infobox_note-10">[[#infobox_ref-10|↑]] {{{መዘኻኸሪ10}}}</li>}}{{{መዘኻኸሪታት|}}} </ol>}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> mig1achl4nry0u3fdxe9mcdmzqy2uev 10 4843 22993 22202 2021-08-05T22:00:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሃገር ሓበሬታ/doc]] to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር/doc]] wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === <pre> {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ |ሽም = |ምሉእ ሽም = |ወግዓዊ_ሽም = |ሕብረት = |ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = |መጠን_ባንዴራ = |ምስሊ_ኣርማ = |መጠን_ኣርማ = |ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = |ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = |ርእሰ_ከተማ = |ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = |ሃገራዊ_ቋንቋ = |ቋንቋ_ስራሕ = |ካልእ_ቋንቋ = |ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = |ኣርእስቲ_መራሒX = |ሽም መራሒX = |ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = |ሓጋጊ_ኣካል = |መሰረት = |ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = |ዕለታት_መሰረት = |ስፍሓት = |መዘኻኸሪታት_ስፍሓት = |ሚእታዊት_ማይ = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = |ባጤራ = |ምልክት_ባጤራ = |ባጤራ_ኣይሶ = |ዞባ_ግዜ = |እዋን_ክረምቲ = |ኮድ_ኣይሶ = |ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = |ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = }} </pre> j13i7teqd9pt5m9uema4k0iij06onev 10 4844 21776 20059 2021-01-05T23:10:56Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki This is the documentation template used on almost every template page to contain that template's documented instructions and information, including <templatedata>, on either the template page itself, or a created documentation subpage. 9mviuyqp4ihoqsrydjd0xln5xu2ibzj 10 4845 22995 20922 2021-08-05T22:00:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሃገር ሓበሬታ/ኣጠቓቕማ]] to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር/ኣጠቓቕማ]] wikitext text/x-wiki ሃገራር ሓበሬታ ሳንዱቕ።<br/> ==ናይ ሓበሬታ ዓይነታት== <pre> {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ |ስም = |ምሉእ_ስም = |ማሕተም_ሓተመ = |ባንዴራ_ሓተመ = |ባንዴራ_ስፍሓት = |መዝሙር = |ካርታ_ሓተመ = |ካርታ_ርሕቀት_ጽሕፈት = |ርእሲ_ከተማ = |ሃገራዊ_ቋንቋታት = |ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = |ናይ_ሰባት_ዜግነት = |መንግስቲ_ዓይነት = |መራሕቲ_መዓርግ = |መራሕቲ_ስም = |ታሪኻዊ_መዓልታት = |ታሪኻዊ_ሃለዋት = |መሬት_ሰፊሕ = |መሬት_ሰፊሕ_ከዓለም = |ማይ_ካብሚእቲ = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ግምት_ዓመት = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ፍቕዲ_ዓመት = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ግምት = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ፍቕዲ = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ከዓለም = |ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ፍቕዲ_ከዓለም = |ገንዘብ_ስም = |ናይ_ግዜ_ዞባ = |ናይ_ሃገር_ተሌፎን_ኮድ = |ናይ_ኢንተርነት_ዓውዲ = |እግረ_ጽሑፍ = //ካብዚ ትሕቲ ዘሎ ኣረጊት ንሃገራር ጥራይ እዩ// |ተመስረተ_ሰበረ_ዓመት = |p1 = |p1_ባንዴራ = |p2 = |p2_ባንዴራ = |p3 = |p3_ባንዴራ = |p4 = |p4_ባንዴራ = |p5 = |p5_ባንዴራ = |s1 = |s1_ባንዴራ = |s2 = |s2_ባንዴራ = |s3 = |s3_ባንዴራ = |s4 = |s4_ባንዴራ = |s5 = |s5_ባንዴራ = }} </pre> 6ni0mv2vn55hk8n6026fe8rw3s03dyv 0 4847 23685 20433 2022-05-27T01:05:23Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ]] i00kndc3fv5gplwd0fey3c3hf1hrbrs 0 4848 21618 20276 2020-12-15T04:10:25Z Dcljr 46 remove extraneous ws wikitext text/x-wiki ኣብ እምነተ ሂንዱን ቡድህናን፡ ናይ ሓደ ሰብ ኣብቲ ድሕሪ ሞት ዘሎ ተኸታታሊ ህላወኡ፡ ንጽሕፍቶኡ ዚውስኖ ድምር ናይ ተግባራቱ እዩ ዚብል እምነት። [[File:EndlessKnot03d.png|thumb|ኢታእላው ቍጻር]] 1nneo0lanm7x00edmb3yqzjodwakp7x 0 4850 20284 20283 2020-03-03T01:12:09Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Add File wikitext text/x-wiki ምጉዓዝ ምስ ሰብ, '''መጓዓዝያ''' ምስ እንስሳ ከምኡውን ኣቕሓ ምስ ሓደ ኣከባቢ ካልእ ቦታ ዝዝግበር ምንቅስቓስ እዩ . ብኻልእ ኣገላልጻ ናይ ምጉዓዝ ተግባር ከም ሓደ ኣካል ወይ ከኣ ነገር ምስ ሓደ ነገር C. ክሳብ ነጥቢ B ክሳብ ውሱን ምንቅስቓስ ተባሂሉ ኣቃልዐ. [[File:The How and Why Library 019.jpg|thumb]] [[Category:መጓዓዝያ]] 7uijhbqz1mt6pcwtcsn88qu3nrutkf0 0 4851 24566 24565 2023-11-10T17:43:11Z Wutsje 733 rv wikitext text/x-wiki '''መራኸቢ''' ኣብ [[መንገዲ]] ''መንገዲ ተጠቀምቲ'' እግረኛ [[እንኮላይ]], ዒዋል ወይ ከኣ መጓሰ, [[ዜስግኣ]], [[ትራም]], [[ኣውቶቡስ]] ከምኡውን ካልኦት ድማ [[ናይ ህዝቢ ምምሕልላፍ|ምምሕልላፍ]], ብሓደ ጥራይ ንጽል ወይ ከኣ ኣብ ሓደ, ናይ ህዝቢ መንገዲ ብምጥቃም ዕላማታት [[ከደ]]. [[File:I-80 Eastshore Fwy.jpg|thumb]] {{stub}} [[Category:መንገዲ ትራንስፖርት]] 7se0jng2cmr5bqvby6tiko655awndhl 0 4852 24463 24461 2023-08-28T12:13:25Z Failstate14 9311 wikitext text/x-wiki ናይ '''ፊልም''' ርእየት ናይ ጥበብ ኦርኒክ እዩ ተዋስኦ ኺፈልዮም ኔሩ ሓሳባት ተራኸበ ሓሳብ, ዛንታ, ምስትውዓልጐደሎ, ንስምዒታትካ, መልክዕ ወይ ከኣ ከባቢ ኣየር, ብ ናይ ዝተቐድሐ ወይ ከኣ ብፕሮግራም ሓተመ ዝለዋወጥ ምስልታት, ምስ ድምጺ ካልእ ናይ ስሚዒት ህዋሳት ብሓንሳብ ሶፍትዌራት ንቘልዑ. [[File:Muybridge race horse animated.gif|thumb|እናሃደመ ዝከይድ ፈረስ ምስሊ.]] [[መደብ:ፊልም| ]] [[መደብ:ስነ ጥበብ]] f05da6wmpqmigkn1ndol5z16upt33t0 0 4853 20290 2020-03-03T02:31:52Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: '''ዘይምርዕዉ ኩነታት''' እዩ [[ኵነት (ቅርጺ)|ኵነት]] ከም ሓደ ሓይሊ ዚገዝእ እዩ ብኣየናይ ማእከላይ መንግስቲ... wikitext text/x-wiki '''ዘይምርዕዉ ኩነታት''' እዩ [[ኵነት (ቅርጺ)|ኵነት]] ከም ሓደ ሓይሊ ዚገዝእ እዩ ብኣየናይ [[ማእከላይ መንግስቲ]] ኣብ መወዳእታ ኣዝዩ ዝዓበየ እዩ. [[File:Map of unitary and federal states.svg|thumb|ጸሊም ሰማያዊ: ዘይምርዕዉ ኩነታት ቀጠልያ: [[ፈደራላዊ ኩነታት|ፈደራላዊ ግዝኣታት]]]] [[Category:መንግስቲ]] pi9sl1lhkgnhz2byk5j3oruobo2hsn8 0 4854 24430 20291 2023-07-26T15:12:41Z Zemant 2062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፈደራላዊ ኩነታት''' በዓል ሞያ ፖለቲከኛ ኣካል እዩ [[ፖለቲካዊ ሓድነት|ሓድነት]] ብ ኣድልዎ [[ፎደራ ኩነታት|ባዕሊ-ኣመሓዳሪ መርሐ ኣውራጃታት , ግዝኣታት ወይ ከኣ ካልኦት ዞናታት]] ትሕቲ [[ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|ማእከላይ ፈደራላዊ መንግስቲ]]. [[File:Map of unitary and federal states.svg|thumb|ጸሊም ሰማያዊ: [[ዘይምርዕዉ ኩነታት]] ቀጠልያ: '''ፈደራላዊ ግዝኣታት''']] [[Category:መንግስቲ]] 2qzgzuga5oj166rbamyk03lygswtto9 0 4855 21075 20443 2020-08-26T00:41:52Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 4856 21077 20444 2020-08-26T00:42:02Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 4857 21074 20411 2020-08-26T00:41:47Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 4858 24494 21638 2023-09-15T06:07:21Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ጥንሲ''' (pregnancy) ዘርኢ ወዲ ተባዕታይ ምስ እንቋቈሖ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ካብ ዝተዋሃሃደሉ ኪሳብ ህጻን ዝወለደሉ ዘሎ ከባቢ 9 ኣዋርሕ ዘጣቓለለ እዩ። == ግዜ ጥንሲ == ብሳምንታት እዩ ዝቑጸር፡፡ ጥንስቲ ክትኮንሉ እትኽእሊ እቲ ዝበለጸ ግዜ። ኣብ ፍርቂ ዑደተ-ጽግያት እዩ። እታ ዝጸግየት እንቋቑሖ ኣብ ማህጸን ክትምዕብል ካብ ዝጀመረትሉ ግዜ ጀሚሩ ክሳብ እቲ ቆልዓ ዝውለድ ዘሎ ንውሓት ግዜ ግዜ ጥንሲ ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ። ጥንሲ ንኣስታት 9 ኣዋርሕ ወይ 40 ሳምንታት ይጸንሕ ። ካብታ ናይ መጀመርታ መዓልቲ ናይታ ዝሓለፈት ምፍሳስ ደም ጽግያት (እቲ ሓቀኛ ጥንሲ ቅድሚ ምግጣሙ ዘሎ ከባቢ ክልተ ሳምታት) ጀሚሩ ይቑጸር። ሕርሲ ክኣ ካብታ መወዳእታ ናይ ጽግያት ደም ዝተራእየሉ ግዜ ጀሚርካ ድሕሪ 40 ሳምንታት የጋጥም። ብዙሓት ደቂኣንስትዮ ኣብ ግዜ ጥንሲ ከቢድ ጸገማት ከየጋጠመን። ጥዕና ነብሰንን ወላደንን ንምውሓስ እምብኣር እታ ኣደ እኹል ኣፍልጦ ክጸንሓ ኣገዳስነቱ ዕዙዝ እዩ። == ምልክታት ጥንሲ == ጓልኣንስተይቲ ጥንስቲ ምዃና ዘርኢ ምልክት ካብ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ናብ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ እኳ ዝፈላለ እንተ ኾነ፡ ገለ ካብኡ ንምግላጽ ኣብተን ቀዳሞት ሰለስተ ኣዋርሕ ንግሆ ክትንስእ ከላ ዕወልወል ምባል ፡ ከምልሳ ምድላይ፡ ድኻም ምስማዕ ፡ ሽውሃታ ምዕጻው ወዘተ ክንዝርዝር ንኽእል። መብዛሕቱኡ ኣብ ኩለን ጥንሲ ከም ዘጋጥም እትፈልጥሉ ግን ግዜ ናይ ጽግያት (ናይ ኣዴታታ) ኣብ ግዝይኡ ምስዘይመጻ እዩ። ካልኦት ምልክታት ድማ ምቕንዛው ጡብ። ኣብ ከባቢ ጫፍ ጡብ ድማ ካብቲ ንቡር ንላዕሊ ኣዝዩ ዝጸለመ ሕብሪ ምህላው የጠቓልሉ፣ ካብ ኣርባዕተ ክሳዕ ሸውዓተ ወርሒ ዘሎ ጥንሲ። ንመብዛሕተን ደቂኣንስትዮ እቲ ዝመችአ ግዜ ኣብ መላእ ናይ ጥንሲ ግዚአን እዩ። ኣብዚ ግዜ እዚ ምሉእ ሓይሊ ዝስምዐን ብዙሓት ደቀንስትዮ ኣለዋ፣ == መፍለጢ ጥንሲ == ኣብ ምዕቡላት ሃገራት ኣብ ገዛ ኴንካ እትጥቀምሉ መመርመሪ ጥንሲ ካብ ፋርማሲ ክትዕድግ ትኽእል ኢኻ ወይ ድማ ውሑድ ሽንቲ ማይ ንመርመራ ናብ ዶክተር ክትወስድ ይከኣል እዩ። == ዕሸል == ጥንስቲ ጓልኣንስተይቲ ካብ ራብዓይ ወይ ሓምሻይ ወርሒ ጥንሳ ጀሚሩ እቲ ዕሸል ክንቀሳቐስ ከሎ ክትሰምዕ ትኽእል እያ። ዘይ ቦካር ጓልኣንስተይቲ እዚ ነገር እዚ ኣቐዲሙ ክስምዓ ተኽእሎታት ኣሎ። ምንቅስቓስ ዕሸል ኣብ ሰሙን ዝተወሰነ ግዜ ጥራይ ክስምዓ ይኽእል እዩ ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ግን መዓልታዊ ክስምዓ ይጅምር። ዕሸል ሸውዓተ ወርሒ ኣብ ዝገበረሉ ግዜ ከባቢ 1 ኪ.ግ ይምዘን። ኣስታት 35 ሰ.ሜ ድማ ንውሓት ይህልዎ፣ እቲ ዕሸል። ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ይምዕብል፥ ካብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ንድሓር ሕርሲ ምስዘጋጥም። መብዛሕቱ ግዜ። እቲ ቆልዓ ብህይወት ይውለድ እዩ፣ ኮይኑ ግን። እዚ ግዜ እዚ ንሕርሲ ኣዝዩ ዝቐልጠፈ ግዜ እዩ፥ ጥንስቲ ጓልኣንስተይቲ ንገዛእ ርእሳ ጽቡቕ ክንክን ክትገብር ኣገዳሲ እዩ፣ ከቢድ ነገር ኣብ ምልዓልን ልዕሊ ግቡእ ምዝርጋሕ ኣካላት ኣብ ምግባርን ክትጥንቀቕ ይግባኣ፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ ናይ ጥንሲ ግዜን። ከብዳ ኣጸቢቑ ይዓቢ፣ እታ ጓልኣንስተይቲ። ክብደት ብቐጻሊ ትውስኽ፣ ትንፋስ እውን ሕጽር ሕጽር ክብላ ይኽእል፣ እዚ ድማ እቲ ዕሸል ኣንጻር ናታ ድያፍራም ስለዝደፍኣ እዩ፣ ዕሸል ኣብ መወዳእታ ናይ ጥንሲ ኣዋርሕ ኣዝዩ ይዓቢ፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ 8ይ ወርሒ። ከባቢ 3 ኪ.ግ ይምዘን፣ ቅድሚ ሕርሲ ዘሎ ናይ መወዳእታ ወርሒ። እቲ ዕሸል ቦታ ይቕይር፥ ርእሱ ድማ ናብ ጐሎ ጓልንስተይቲ ገጹ ይገብር፣ ኩሉ ነገር ድማ ንሕርሲ ድልው ይኸውን፣ ድሕሪ ኣስታት 40 ሳምንታት ድማ እቲ ቆልዓ ይውለድ፣ ኣብ ኖርወይ እቲ ገምጋማዊ ክብደት ቆልዑ ኣብ ግዜ ሕርሲ። 3.6 ኪ.ግ እዩ፣ [[መደብ:ሕክምና]] 11tacbwkrtyiortmblo9fgi4ohqobbi 0 4859 23544 23338 2022-04-21T03:54:33Z 2603:8080:4700:1E85:59D4:F792:FF68:B6D8 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ኮንፈደረሽን ስዊዘርላንድ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|de|Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft}}<br>{{መበቆላዊ ስም|fr|''Confédération suisse''}}<br />{{መበቆላዊ ስም|it|''Confederazione Svizzera''}}<br />{{መበቆላዊ ስም|rm|''Confederaziun svizra''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''[[Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno]]''<br />(ብ[[ላቲን]]፦ «ሓደ ንኩሎም፣ ኩሎም ንሓደ») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Schweizerpsalm''<br>''Salmo Svizzero''<br>''Cantique suisse''<br>''Psalm svizzer''<br> | ፋይል_ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = Swiss Psalm.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Europe-Switzerland.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[በርን]] (''ብተግባር'') | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]]ን [[ሮማንሽ]]ን | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፓርላማዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ኮንፈደረሽን ስዊዘርላንድ|ፕረዚደንት ፈደራላዊ ቤት ምኽሪ]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ጋይ ፓርመሊን]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ስዊዘርላንዳዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 41,285 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 4.34 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 8,570,146 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2019 | ባጤራ = [[ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ፍራንክ|ፍራንክ]] (Fr.፣ [[ኣይሶ 4217|CHF]]) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ግ.ማ.ኤ.]] ([[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]] +1) | ግዜ_ክረምቲ = [[ግ.ክ.ማ.ኤ.]] ([[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]] +2) | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.ch]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +41 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 756 / CHE / CH | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ማሕበር ናጻ ንግዲ ኤውሮጳ|ማ.ና.ን.ኤ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ቁጠባዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ምዕባለን|ው.ቁ.ም.ም.]]፣ [[ውድብ ጸጥታን ምትሕግጋዝን ኣብ ኤውሮጳ|ው.ጸ.ም.ኤ.]]፣ [[ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ|ቤ.ም.ኤ.]] }} '''ስዊዘርላንድ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]፦ ''Schweiz''፣ ብ[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፦ ''Suisse''፣ ብ[[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]]፦ ''Svizzera''፣ ብ[[ሮማንሽ]]፦ ''Svizra'')፣ ብወግዒ '''ኮንፈደረሽን ስዊዘርላንድ''' (ብጀርመንኛ፦ ''Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft''፣ ብጥልያን፦ ''Confederazione Svizzera''፣ ብፈረንሳይኛን፦ ''Confédération suisse''፣ ብ ሮማንሽን፦ ''Confederaziun svizra'')፣ ኣብ [[ማእከላይ ኤውሮጳ]] እትርከብ ብባሕሪ ዝተዓጽወት ሃገር እያ። [[መደብ:ስዊዘርላንድ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] {{stub}} la68gji8nk2a9zioc3smobck9e1x4d7 0 4860 20307 20306 2020-03-04T16:47:52Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Redirected page to [[ኣስመራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣስመራ]] g3dx2xqpanp7q82i4ib1l3c1im5tfz6 0 4862 21193 20315 2020-09-18T18:44:42Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ዊኪፐድያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ]] g9zzdsd25dnxheyiftrxjci9r872dnj 0 4864 24414 23649 2023-07-04T20:57:04Z Joanmp14 5782 update wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = እስላማዊ ኢማራ ኣፍጋኒስታን | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت}}<br/>{{መበቆላዊ ስም|prs|امارت اسلامی افغانستان}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Taliban.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = {{lang|ar|لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله}} | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = دا د باتورانو کور<br> | ፋይል_ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = DaBatoranoKor.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ካቡል]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = {{hlist|* [[ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ|ፓሽቶ]] * [[ዳሪ]] ([[ቋንቋ ፋርስኛ|ፋርስኛ]])}} | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[እስላማዊ ኢማራ ኣፍጋኒስታን]] ([[ብተግባር]])<br/>[[እስላማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኣፍጋኒስታን]] ([[ብሕጊ]]) | መሰረት = [[ታሪኽ ኣፍጋኒስታን|ኣቀዋውማ]]፦ | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = {{hardspace}}[[እስላማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኣፍጋኒስታን|እስላማዊት ሪፓብሊክ]]<br />{{hardspace}}[[ውድቀት ካቡል (2021)|ውድቀት እስላማዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ዕለታት_መሰረት = <br />26 ጥሪ 2004<br /><br />15 ነሓሰ 2021 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኣፍጋናዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 652,864 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 39,232,003 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2023 | ባጤራ = [[ኣፍጋናዊ ኣፍጋኒ|ኣፍጋኒ]] ([[ኣይሶ 4217|AFN]]) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]]+4:30 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.af]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +93 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 004 / AFG / AF | መዘኻኸሪታት = }} '''ኣፍጋኒስታን''' ({{lang-ps|افغانستان}}፣ {{lang-prs|افغانستان}})፣ ብወግዒ '''እስላማዊ ኢማራ ኣፍጋኒስታን''' ({{lang-ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت}}፣ {{lang-prs|امارت اسلامی افغانستان}}፣ ኣብ [[ኤስያ]]፣ ብፍላይ ከኣ ኣብ ዞባ [[ማእከላይ ምብራቕ]] እትርከብ ኣኽራን ዝበዝሖ ሃገር እያ። [[ካቡል]] ርእሰ ከተማን ዝዓበየት ከተማን እያ። [[መደብ:ኣፍጋኒስታን]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤስያ]] mauc2nmju7pwpi61rdudtpseamavftl 0 4865 23783 23742 2022-08-06T10:50:33Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ማድሪድ''' ኣሎ እቲ [[ርእሰከተማ]] ከምኡውን ብጣዕሚ ብዙሕ ቍጽሪ ዘለዎም ጭፍራ መራኽብ [[ስፔን]]. ብ ውሽጢ ካልኣይ ዝዓበየ ከተማ እያ [[ሕብረት ኣውሮጳ]]. እቲ 15 [[ምምሕዳርከተማ]] ከደነ 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi). [[ፋይል:Azca-Skyline-271112.jpg|thumb|ማድሪድ [[ሓድጊሰማይ]]]] [[መደብ:ስፔን‎]] 6oxwu2m8et6xaka74gx5y3gtov0pdhc 0 4866 24512 23466 2023-09-15T06:56:58Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል / መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ጆርጂያ''' እዩ ኤውሮጳ ሃገር ኣቖመ ብ [[ምብራቓዊ ኣውሮጳ]] ዞባ ናይ [[ኮከሰስ]]. ብጂኦግራፊያዊ ተኸለ ኣቀማምጣ ኣብ እቲ ብ [[ምብራቓዊ እስያ]] ድማ ምብራቓዊ ኣውሮጳ. [[ፋይል:Flag of Georgia.svg|thumb|ጆርጂያ]] [[መደብ:ጆርጂያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት]] rnzqo0iv5mp6la14c024u2mq2mkpki6 14 4868 21135 21134 2020-08-30T13:03:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:ስፔን]] to [[መደብ:ስጳኛ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] sill9g9avsms86age3is31uwo7cz84j 0 4869 21885 20373 2021-01-10T11:22:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Changed redirect target from [[ማድሪድ]] to [[ስጳኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስጳኛ]] shun7hvbn617ftgk2nm2djq6lespcux 0 4870 21686 20377 2020-12-24T01:41:10Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] fqv4rubuso5s1ojk0u8hm9ig76dala0 0 4871 21546 21541 2020-12-14T08:46:29Z Rzuwig 7231 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C]] ([[User talk:2605:6440:1003:0:0:0:0:1C3C|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Weather Top Wizard|Weather Top Wizard]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሽወደን''' ውሽጢ [[ሃገራትስካንዲናቭያ]] ሃገር እዩ [[ሰሜናዊ ኣውሮጳ]]. እቲ [[ርእሲ]] ኣሎ [[ስቶክሆልም]]. ንሱ ደንደስ [[ኖርወይ]] [[ፊንላንድ]] ናብ ምብራቕ, ድማ ኣሎ ከምኡውን ናብ [[ዴንማርክ]] ደቡባዊ ምዕራብ ብወገን ብ ልድ ሶርኖ-መትረብ ብወገን ናብ [[ኜሬሡዶ ጸቢብ]]. [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|thumb|ሽወደን]] [[Category:ሽወደን]] i51fph8mi4ompxblsvgwik1l8pdepf2 0 4872 21683 21681 2020-12-22T14:00:04Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki '''ስዑዲ ዓረብ''' ኣሎ ሃገር እዩ [[ምዕራባዊ እስያ]] ብዙሓት እቲ ናይ ብዙሓት [[ዓረብ ሓውሲደሴት]]. ምስ መሬት ስፍሓት ብሓንሳብ ብግምት 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi). እቲ [[ርእሲ]] ኣሎ [[ሪኘዶ]]. [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|thumb|ስዑዲ ዓረብ]] [[File:AramcoCoreArea.jpg|thumb|ሓላፍነት ናይ [[ስዑዲ አረሙኮ]]]] [[Category:ስዑዲ ዓረብ]] k6be0ieufnl4y0tpvitzd2kkr3luedj 14 4873 20381 2020-03-07T15:55:27Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: [[Category:እስያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:እስያ]] 4pv19h9u97pwy9xezjnyuv3f9kh9bgv 0 4874 20385 2020-03-07T16:17:50Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 ሓዳስ ፅሑፍ: '''ምስሪ''' ሰባት እዮም 4መን ሰዓበ ወይ ልምምድ [[ምስልምና]], እቲ [[ዝሄርነት]] [[ኣብርሃም ሃይማኖት]]. ምስሪ ሓ... wikitext text/x-wiki '''ምስሪ''' ሰባት እዮም 4መን ሰዓበ ወይ ልምምድ [[ምስልምና]], እቲ [[ዝሄርነት]] [[ኣብርሃም ሃይማኖት]]. ምስሪ ሓሰበ እቲ [[ቁረነ]], ናይ ንቅዱስ መጽሓፍ, ከም ኣቃልዐ ናይ [[እግዚኣብሄር]] ቃል ሙኻን ምስልምናዊ [[ነቢይ]] ከምኡውን ልኡኽ [[ሙሀኖአዾ]]. [[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|ምስሪ ብ [[ካይሮ]]]] [[Category:ምስሪ]] 1qxb71w4s0cqo2sr87ji6lb7u250kjd 0 4875 23774 21549 2022-08-06T10:12:52Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Flag of Norway.svg|thumb|ኖርወይ]] '''ኖርወይ''' ኣሎ [[ነውሐ]] ሃገር ሰሜን ምዕራብ ኣውሮጳ ናይመን ግዝኣት ምዕራባዊ ከምኡውን ሰሜናዊ ክፋል የጠቓልል [[ሃገራትስካንዲናቭያ ሓውሲደሴት]]; እቲ ኔው ደሴት ናይ ጀን መየነ ድማ እቲ ኣርኪፓለጎ ደሴት [[ሡቬነበዾ]] ከምኡውን ኣካል እዮም ኖርወይ. [[Category:ኖርወይ]] iudyyhlarcjiweulhh6czhfpbbwyg7b 14 4876 20397 20393 2020-03-07T16:37:28Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ሀገራት]] [[Category:ሀገራት ኤውሮጳ]] 9jyf4gu3duzqnsnzs7yxx3d8r7kwabs 14 4877 20391 20390 2020-03-07T16:32:29Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Redirected page to [[Category:ኤውሮጳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:ኤውሮጳ]] 6eqhdq38apkhofzytwr7mdkspnmd0cy 0 4878 21076 20401 2020-08-26T00:41:57Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 4879 24599 21335 2023-11-28T10:43:57Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ | ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ምብራቓዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኡራጓይ</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República Oriental del Uruguay}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Uruguay.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Libertad o Muerte''<br />(''«ናጽነት ወይ ቅትለት»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Himno Nacional de Uruguay''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = United States Navy Band - National Anthem of Uruguay (complete).ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Uruguay (orthographic projection).svg | ርእሲ_ከተማ = [[ሞንተቪደዮ]] [[ፋይል:Montevideo Department Coa.png|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ሽም_መራሒ1 = [[ሉዊስ ላካየ ፖው]] | ሓጋጊ_ኣካል = ሓፈሻዊ ባይቶ | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ምእዋጅ<br />&nbsp;• ምቕባል | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ግዝኣት ብራዚል]]<br />25 ነሓሰ 1825<br />27 ነሓሰ 1828 | ናይ_ሰባት_ዜግነት = ኡራጓያዊ/ -ት | ሰፊሕ_መሬት = 176215 | ሰፊሕ_መሬት_ቦታ = 89 | ሰፊሕ_ማይ = 1,5 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 3387605 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ኡራጓያዊ ፔሶ]] ($) | ናይ_ግዜ_ዞባ = UTC -3 | ናይ_ኢንተርነት_ዓውዲ = .uy | ተለፎናዊ_ኮድ = +598 }} '''ኡራጓይ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦ ''Uruguay'')፣ ወግዓዊ '''ምብራቓዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኡራጓይ''' (ብስጳንኛ፦ ''República Oriental del Uruguay'')፣ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ናይ [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] ክፋል እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሲ ከተማ]] [[ሞንተቪደዮ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ኡራጓይ| ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ሃገራት መዋቕራት]] 0blg80ri9r6c6xnu7fevfhocqfztov4 0 4880 23455 23453 2022-02-19T02:24:01Z AntiCompositeNumber 8164 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/5.150.17.184|5.150.17.184]] ([[User talk:5.150.17.184|talk]]) to last version by Joanmp14 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ | ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ሪፓብሊክ ኮሎምብያ</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República de Colombia}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Colombia.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Colombia.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Libertad y orden'' | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''¡Oh Gloria Inmarcesible!''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = United States Navy Band - ¡Oh, gloria inmarcesible!.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ቦጎታ]] [[ፋይል:Bogota (escudo).svg|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ሽም_መራሒ1 = [[ኢቫን ዱከ ማርከዝ]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ምእዋጅ<br />&nbsp;• ምቕባል | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />{{ዕለት|20|07|1810|ዕድመ}}<br />{{ዕለት|7|08|1819|ዕድመ}} | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኮሎምብያዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 1,141,748 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 8.8 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 51,049,498 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ኮሎምብያዊ ፔሶ|ፔሶ]] ($) (COP) | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC –5 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = .co | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +57 }} '''ኮሎምብያ''' ({{lang-es|Colombia}})፣ ወግዓዊት '''ሪፓብሊክ ኮሎምብያ''' ({{lang-es|República de Colombia}})፣ ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ደቡባዊ ኣመሪካ እትርከብ ምስ ባሕሪ ካሪበያ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ኣ [[ቦጎታ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ኮሎምብያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ሃገራት]] sfs6zq4mk01psdd5r2ihq4ycm9ooc4l 0 4881 20919 20412 2020-08-13T23:23:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Changed redirect target from [[ኮሎምቢያ]] to [[ኮሎምብያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኮሎምብያ]] tiszo8e9hxprkpq02sevxpcr5monzzo 0 4882 20413 2020-03-09T09:14:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኡራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኡራጓይ]] afa30a1dioth8qa2ua3cvyinbp4uu5a 0 4883 20414 2020-03-09T09:15:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኡራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኡራጓይ]] afa30a1dioth8qa2ua3cvyinbp4uu5a 0 4884 20416 2020-03-09T09:23:51Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መክሲኮ]] to [[ሜክሲኮ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሜክሲኮ]] 4skp6szouihdzob375szywynu8cohot 0 4885 20425 2020-03-09T11:10:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሜክሲኮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሜክሲኮ]] 4skp6szouihdzob375szywynu8cohot 0 4886 24383 23906 2023-06-28T13:41:19Z Joanmp14 5782 fixes wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ወተሃደራዊ ግጭት |ስም = ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ |ምስሊ = Eritrean Independence War.gif |መግለጺ_ምስሊ = ካርታ ኤርትራ ኣብ እዋን ኲናት። |ግጭት= [[ኲናት ሓድሕድ ኢትዮጵያ]] |ዕለት = 1 መስከረም 1961 – 24 ግንቦት 1991<br>({{ዕድመ|24|05|1991}}) |ቦታ = [[ኤርትራ]] |መስተማእዛኒታት = |ውጽኢት = ዓወት ኤርትራውያን (1991)።<br />ህዝባዊ ምርጫ ኣብ 1993። |ሳዕቤናት = |መግለጺ = |ምስምስ = |ግዝኣት = [[ኤርትራ]] ካብ [[ኢትዮጵያ]] ናጽነት ትረክብ (1994)።<br />[[ኢትዮጵያ]] ናብ [[ባሕሪ]] ክትበጽሖ ምኽኣላ ትስእን። |ተጋደልቲ1 = [[ፋይል:Flag of the EPLF.svg|20px|border]] [[ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ|ህ.ግ.ሓ.ኤ]]<br />[[ፋይል:Flag of the ELF.jpg|20px|border]] [[ተጋደሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ|ተ.ሓ.ኤ]] |ተጋደልቲ2 = [[ፋይል:Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg|20px|border]] [[ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኢትዮጵያ]] <small>(1961-1974)</small><br />[[ፋይል:Flag of Ethiopia (1975–1987) (02).svg|20px|border]] [[ግዝያዊ ወተሃደራዊ ምምሕዳራዊ ባይቶ|ደርግ]] <small>(1974-1987)</small><br />[[ፋይል:Flag of Ethiopia (1987–1991).svg|20px|border]] [[ህዝባዊ ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ|ህ.ደ.ሪ.ኢ]] <small>(1987-1991)</small><br />[[ፋይል:Flag of Cuba.svg|20px|border|ባንዴራ ኩባ]] [[ኩባ]] (ክሳዕ 1989)<br />ሎጂስቲካዊ ደገፍ፦<br />[[ፋይል:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|20px|border|ባንዴራ ሕብረት ሶቭየት]] [[ሕብረት ሶቭየት]]<br />{{Flagcountry|ደቡብ የመን}}<br />{{Flagcountry|እስራኤል}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ሰሜን ኮርያ}}<br />{{Flagcountry|ምብራቕ ጀርመን}} |ተጋደልቲ3 = |ኣዛዚ1 = [[ፋይል:Flag of the EPLF.svg|20px|border]] [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]]<br />[[ፋይል:Flag of the EPLF.svg|20px|border]] [[ስብሓት ኤፍሬም]]<br />[[ፋይል:Flag of the ELF.jpg|20px|border]] [[ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ]] |ኣዛዚ2 = [[ፋይል:Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg|20px|border]] [[ሃይለ ስላሴ]]<br />[[ፋይል:Flag of Ethiopia (1987–1991).svg|20px|border]] [[መንግስቱ ሃይለ ማርያም]] |ኣዛዚ3 = |ወተሃደራት1 = [[ፋይል:Flag of the EPLF.svg|20px|border]] '''ህ.ግ.ሓ.ኤ'''፦<br />500 (1962)<br />2,000 (1971)<br />15,000-20,000 (1971-1974)<br />10,000-15,000 (1975)<br />20,000 (1976)<br />22,000 (1982)<br />20,000-30,000 (1988)<br />[[ፋይል:Flag of the ELF.jpg|20px|border]] '''ተ.ሓ.ኤ'''፦<br />250 (1963)<br />800 (1964)<br />1,500-2,000 (1971)<br />2,000 (1971)<br />15,000-25,000 (1975) |ወተሃደራት2 = {{Flagdeco|ኢትዮጵያ|1987}} '''ኢትዮጵያ'''፦<br />20,000 (1971)<br />25,000 (1974)<br />20,000 (1977)<br />100,000 (1978)} * 17,000 [[ተጋሩ|ትግራይ]] (1978) 84,000 (1982)<br />120,000 (1982-1991)<br />{{Flagdeco|ኩባ}} '''ኩባ'''፦<br>150,000 ሰራዊት<br />11,500 ሰራዊት (1977)<br />6,000 ኣማኸርቲ (1977)<br />3,000-4,000 ሰራዊት (1978)<br />{{Flagdeco|ሕብረት ሶቭየት}} '''ማ.ሪ.ሕ.ሶ'''፦<br />1,000 ኣማኸርቲ (1978) |ወተሃደራት3 = |ጉድኣት1 = 60,000 ወተሃደራትን 90,000 ሲቪላት ሞይቶምን (1963-1991)<br />150,000 ሲቪላት (1965-1993)<br />400,000 ስደተኛታት |ጉድኣት2 = '''ዝሞቱ ወተሃደራት'''፦<br />{{Flagdeco|ኢትዮጵያ|1987}} 75,000<br /><small>(500,000 ኣብ ምሉእ ኲናት ሓድሕዳ)</small><br/>{{Flagdeco|ኩባ}} 5,000 |ጉድኣት3 = }} '''ኲናት ንናጽነት ኤርትራ''' (1962 – 24 ግንቦት 1991) ተጋደልቲ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ካብ 1962 ክሳብ 24 ግንቦት 1991 ኣንጻር ተኸታተልቲ መንግስታት ኢትዮጵያ ዘካየዱዎ ኲናት ንናጽነት እዩ ነይሩ። ኤርትራ ካብ 1880ታት ጀሚሩ ክሳብ ኢጣልያውያን ብልፍንቲ ብመሓዙት ሃገራት ኣብ ካልኣይ ኲናት ዓለም ኣብ 1941 ዝስዓር ኣካል መግዛኣቲ ጥልያን እያ ነይራ። ከምውጽኢቱ ድሕሪ ምዝዛም ካላኣይ ኲናት ዓለም ኤርትራ ንሓጺር እዋን ኣብ ሓለዋ መግዛኣቲ እንግሊዝ ኮይና ክሳብ 1951 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ጸኒሓ። ብድሕሪ ኣብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ውሳኔ ምሕላፉ፡ ኤርትራ ኣብ 1952 ቅዋማዊት ሃገር ፈደረሽን ኢትዮጵያን ኮይና። እቲ ፌደሬሽን ንዓሰርተ ዓመት ክጸንሕ ልኡላዊ ውሳኔታት ክህልዎም፡ ከም ፓርላማን ገለ ርእሰ-ምሕደራን ዘለዎ፡ ናይ ገዛ ርእሱ ቋንቋ ማለት ትግርኛ ክገብር ተደንጊጉ። እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እንከሎ ግን ከኣ ኣብ ትሕቲ ዘውዲ ኢትዮጵያ ንክመሓደር ፍልይ ዝበለ ውሳኔ ተዋሂቡ። ኤርትራውያን ድሕሪ ናይ ዓሰርተ ዓመት ፈደረሽን ኤርትራ ናጻ ልዑላዊት ሃገር ክኾኑ ነይርዎም። ይኹን እምበር፡ እቲ እንዳዛሕተለ ዝኸይድ ዝነበረ ርእሰ-ምሕደራ ኤርትራን እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዝነበረ ጽልኣት ኣንጻር ንጉሳዊ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ኣብ 1962 ብገለ ምንቕስቃሳት ኤርትራ ንናጽነት ምንቅስቃስ ምትኹታኽ ተጀሚሩ። == ገድሊ == ኣብ 1961 ዝጀመረ ዕጥቃዊ ተጋድሎ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ብዙሕ ታሪኻዊ መድረኻት፡ ንሓድሕዶም ዝጸላለው ዝተፈላለዩ ፖለቲካዊን ወተሃደራዊን ምዕባለታት ሰጊሩ’ዩ፡ ድሕሪ ናይ 30 ዓመታት ነዊሕን መሪርን ቃልሲ፡ ኣብ ግንቦት 1991፡ ብኣንጸባራቒ ወተሃደራዊ ዓወት፡ ብናጽነት ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ተደምዲሙ። እቲ ኣብ ዓመተ 1990-1991፡ ኣብ ግንባራት ጊንዳዕን ደቀምሓረን ዝተኻየደ ጽዑቕ ናይ ምርብራብ ውግኣት፡ መጥቃዕቲታት ደንከልን ውሽጢ ኢትዮጵያን፡ ናይ መወዳእታ ግጥም ግንባር ደቀምሓረን ምትሓዝ ኣስመራን እምበኣር፡ ድምር ውጽኢት ናይቶም ዝቐደሙ ኣገደስቲ ወተሃደራዊን ፖለቲካዊን ምዕባለታት እዩ። == ምዕባሌታት == ኣብ ባሕቲ መስከረም ናይ 1961 ብውሑዳት ተጋደልቲ ዝተወልዐ ሰውራ ኤርትራ፡ ዝተሓላለኸ ጽንኩር እዋናት ሰጊሩ፡ በብቕሩብ ሰብኣዊን ንዋታዊን ዓቕሚን ናይ ኲናት ተሞኩሮን እናደለበ ብምኻድ፡ ኣብ መድረኽ 1977-1978 ንዝሰፍሐ መሬት ኤርትራ ሓራ ከውጽእ ክኢሉ ነበረ። እንተዀነ ብሰንኪ ገዚፍ ምትእትታው ሕብረት ሶቭየት ወተሃደራዊ ሚዛን ሓይሊ ስለዝተቐያየረ፡ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ፡ ነቲ ብደገፍን ምኽሪን ናይ ደገ ሓይልታት፡ ኣብ ጸሊም ኣፍሪቃ፡ ብዕብየቱን ዘመናውነትን ዝበርትዐ ሰራዊት ክሃንጽ ዝኸኣለ ተሰነይን ዓሊግደርን ደጊሙ ተቘጻጸረን። በዚ ዓወት’ዚ ፍናን ስለዝረኸበ ድማ፡ ሰራዊት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ተዳኺሙ እንከሎ እግሩ እግሩ ስዒብካ ምጥቅዑ ብዝብል ሓሳብ፡ ዳግም ናብ ግንባር ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕል ተመሊሱ፡ ብ10 ጥቅምቲ 1985 ብግንባራት ናቕፋን ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ሳሕልን “ወፍሪ ባሕሪ-ነጋሽ” ዝተሰምየ ሻሙናይን ናይ መወዳእታን ወራር ኣበገሰ። ድሕሪ ናይ ክልተ ወርሒ ሓያል ምርብራብ ከኣ፡ ሰራዊት ደርግ ከቢድ ክሳራ ተሰኪሙ ሸቶኡ ምውቃዕ ስኢኑ ዘፍ በለ። መድረኽ 1986-1987 ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንዓቕሚ ጸላኢ ኣብ ዝተሓተ ደረጃ ምድኻም ንምውራድ፡ ኣብ ድሕሪ መስመር ጸላኢ፡ ብዙሕ ደባይን ተንቀሳቕሲን ውግኣትን ስርሒታትን ዘካይደሉ ዝነበረ እዋን’ዩ። በዚ ከኣ ጸላኢ ውሽጢ መስመሩ ኣብ ምሕላው ተጸሚዱ፡ ዓበይቲ ወፍሪታት ምግባር ስኢኑ ኣብ ምክልኻል ተሓጺሩ ተረፈ። == መድረኽ ስትራተጂያዊ መጥቃዕቲ == ኣብ መድረኽ ጃላነት፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ጸላኢ ብዘካየዶ ብዙሕ ስርሒታት ጸብለልታ እናተጓናጸፈ ዝመጸ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ናብ መድረኽ ስትራተጂያዊ መጥቃዕቲ ብምስግጋር፡ ኣብ መጋቢት 1988፡ ንግንባር ናቕፋ ብምፍራስ ኣብቲ ግንባር ንኣስታት 10 ዓመታት ብቐዋሚ ዓሪዱ ክረባረብ ንዝጸንሐ ብስም “ናድው እዝ” ዝፍለጥ ገዚፍ ሰራዊት ኣብ ከበባ ኣእትዩ ብምድምሳስ፡ ንኣፍዓበት ሓራ ዝገበረ ዕዉት ታሪኻዊ ስርሒት ኣካየደ። ኣብዚ ውግእ’ዚ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ፡ ኣብ ጐድኒ ሰራዊት ደርግ ተሰሊፎም ካብ ዝነበሩ ሶቭየታውያን ወተሃደራዊ ኣማኸርቲ ክልተ ኮሎኔላትን ሓደ ሓለቓ ሚእቲን ተማረኹ። በቲ ስርሒት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ቅድሚኡ ዓጢቕዎ ዘይፈልጥ፡ 130 ሚሊ ሜትር መዳፍዕ፡ BM 21 ወንጫፊ ሮኬትን ልዕሊ 50 ታንክታትን ዝተፈላለየ ካልእ ኣጽዋርን ብብዝሒ ተተኰስትን ማረኸ። እዚ ኣጽዋራት’ዚ ምስቲ ቅድሚኡ በብግዜኡ ዝማረኽ ዝነበረ ኣጽዋራት ተደሚሩ ከኣ፡ ንመካናይዝድ ዓቕሚ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ዝያዳ ከምዝጉልበት ገበሮ። እዚ ስትራተጂያዊ መጥቃዕቲ’ዚ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ገዛእቲ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ህላወኦም ኣብ ኤርትራ ክቕጽል ድዩ ኣይቅጽልን ምጥርጣር ዝፈጠረሎም እዩ ነይሩ። በዚ ድማ፡ ደድሕሪ’ቲ ስርሒት ብ31 መጋቢት 1988 ስርዓት ደርግ ህጹጽ ኣኼባ ብምጽዋዕ፡ ናይ እዋን ሓደጋ ድንጋገን ናይ ክተት ኣዋጅን ኣውጽአ። በቲ ሽዑ ዝወጸ ናይ ክተት ኣዋጅ፡ ብዝተፈላለየ ምኽንያት ካብ ሰራዊት ተፋንዮም ዝነበሩ ኣባላት ምዱብ ሰራዊት ይኹን ብሄራዊ ኣገልግሎት (ሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት) ናብ ሰራዊት ክምለሱ እንከለው፡ ኣብ ታዕሊም ዝነበሩ ሓደስቲ ወተሃደራት እውን፡ ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ታዕሊሞም ወዲኦም ኣብ ቅድመ ግንባር ከምዝስለፉ ተገብረ። ብዘይካ’ዚ ደርግ፡ ሽዑ ንሽዑ ምስ መንግስቲ ሶማል ናይ ሰላም ስምምዕ ብምፍራም፡ ኣብ ምብራቕ ኢትዮጵያ ካብ ዝነበረ ሰራዊቱ፡ ዓቢ ክፋል ናብ ኤርትራ ኣግዓዞ። ካብ ትግራይን ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያን እውን፡ ሰለስተ ክፍለጦራት ብህጹጽ ናብ ኤርትራ ኣእተዎም። ኣብ ትግራይ ንሓለዋ ዝገደፎ ዓቕሚ ኣብ ውሱናት ከተማታት ስለ ዝተሓጽረ ድማ፡ ብዙሕ ከባቢታት ትግራይ ካብ ቁጽጽር ሰራዊት ደርግ ሓራ ወጸ። ብዘይካ’ዚ ስርዓት ደርግ፡ ኣብ ምዕራብ ኤርትራ፡ ካብ ከረን ክሳብ ተሰነይ ኣሰሊፉዎ ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ብህጹጽ ስሒቡ፡ ግስጋሰ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንምዕጋት፡ ኣብ ግንባር ከረን ኣሰለፎ። ብጽልዋ ስርሒት ምድምሳስ እዚ ናደው ከኣ፡ ከተማታት ተሰነይ፡ ባረንቱን ኣቑርደትን ሓራ ወጺአን፡ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ካብ ባርካ ጠቕሊሉ ተጸርገ። ድሕሪ ምድምሳስ ናድው እዝ፡ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝጨበጦ ዓወት ንምምንዛዕ፡ ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ፡ ካብ ዝተፈላለየ ከባቢታት ኢትዮጵያ ናብ ኤርትራ ዝተንቀሳቐሰ ሰራዊት ብዝሑ ልዕሊ 90,000 ይበጽሕ ነበረ። ደርግ ነዚ ዓቕሚ’ዚ ኣሰሊፉ ኣብ ግንባር ከረን ናይ ሞትን ሕየትን ውግእ ኣካየደ። እንተኾነ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ዝተጓናጸፎ ዓወት ክምንጥል ኣይተኻእሎን። ብኣንጻሩ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብምብራቕ፡ ንሳሕል ምስ ሰሜናዊ ባሕሪን ጎላጉል ሰምሃርን ዘራኽብ ሰፊሕ ቦታታት ክቈጻጸር ክኣለ። ሰራዊት ህ.ግ ነዚ ቦታታት’ዚ ምቁጽጻሩ ድሒሩ ንስርሒት ፈንቅል ባብ ዘርሓወ ዓቢ ስትራተጂያዊ ኣገዳስነት ዝነበሮ ፍጻመ እዩ። በይዝ ንምቍጽጻር ሓያል ደማዊ ኲናት ተኻየደ። ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ኢትዮጵያን፡ ካብ ዝተፈላለየ ከባቢታት ተደፊኦም ኣብቲ መዓስከር ዝዓረዱ ወተሃደራትን ታንክታትን ጸላኢ፡ ብዘይካ ንባሕሪ ምጥሓል ካልእ መዋጽኦ ስለ ዘይነበሮም ኣትኪሎም ተዋግኡ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ከኣ፡ ኣደዳ ሞት፡ መቝሰልቲ፡ ምምራኽን ዕንወትን ኰይኖም ተሳዕሩ። ናቫል-በይዝ ኣብ ትሕቲ ቍጽጽር ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣተወ። ድሕሪ’ዚ እቲ እናተዀብኮበ ንጥዋለት ዝኣተወ ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ ሰላማዊ ህዝቢ ጅሆ ሒዙ ኣብ ኣፍደገ ስጋለት ቀጣን ዓረደ። እዚ ኣብ ውሽጢ ጥዋለት ተሓጺሩ ዝተረፈ ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ “ረዳት ሓይሊ ብጊንዳዕ ፈንጢሱ ክመጸና’ዩ” ዝብል እምነት ስለዝነበሮ ኣትኪሉ ክዋጋእ ፈተነ። ስጋለት ቀጣን ድማ ዘይትስገር ሓዊ ኰነት። እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እንከሎ፡ እተን ኣብ ኣፍደገ ጊንዳዕ ከባቢታት ደንጎሎ ላዕላይ ክሳብ ኣጻድፍ ሰሜናዊ ባሕሪ ተዘርጊሐን መከላኸሊ መስመር ዝሓዛ ኣሃዱታት፡ ምስቲ ምጽዋዕ ንምድሓን ካብ ዝተፈላለየ ግንባራት ብህጹጽ ተሳሒቡ ዝመጽአ ገዚፍ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ኣብ ከቢድ ውግእ ኣተዋ። ጸላኢ ነዚ ሓድሽ ግንባር ንምፍንጣስ ዝፍትኖ ዝነበረ ጽዑቕ መጥቃዕቲታት ንምፍሻል ከኣ ኣብ ቀጻሊ ናይ ምርብራብ ግጥም ተጸምዳ። ስጋለት ቀጣን ንምስጋር፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ፈለማ ብታንክታት ዘካየዶ ፈተነ ዕውት ኣይነበረን። ብ15 ለካቲት ለይቲ ግን ኣጋር ሰራዊት፡ መካናይዝድን ሓይሊ-ባሕሪን ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ውሁድን ዕዉትን ስርሒት ፈጸሙ። ኣባላት ሓይሊ-ባሕሪ፡ ጸላም ጉልባብ ብምግባር፡ ካብ ግራርን ናቫል-በይዝን፡ ብፈጣናት ጀላቡ 11 ግዜ ተመላሊሶም ዝተወሰኑ ተጋደልቲ ናብ ርእሲ ምድሪ ኣሰገሩ። እቲ ዝሰገረ ውሱን ሓይሊ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ጸላኢ ብዘይተጸበዮ ኣንፈት ብድሕሪት ተዅሲ ምስ ከፈተ፡ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ዝርግርግ ኣተዎ። እዚ እናኾነ እቶም ብስጋለት ቀጣን ክሰግሩ ዝተመደቡ ታንክታትን ኣጋር ሰራዊትን፡ ብብርቱዕ ደብዳብ ተሰንዮም እንዳ በረድ በጺሖም ጥዋለት ኣተዉ። ምሉእ ለይቲን ንጽባሒቱ ረፋድን ናይ ከተማ ውግእ ድሕሪ ምክያዱ ከኣ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ነቶም ሰላማዊ ህዝቢ ጀሆ ሒዞም ኣብ ጥዋለትን ውሽጢ ባጽዕን ዓስኪሮም ዝቐነዩ ወተሃደራት ቀቲሉን ማሪኹን፡ ምጽዋዕ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ሓራ ገበራ። ስርሒት ፈንቅል ብሓርነት ምጽዋዕ ድሕሪ ምዝዛሙ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ “2ይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት” ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ሰራዊት ደርግ ብመሬትን ባሕሪን ኣብ ምሉእ ከበባ ስለዝኣተወ፡ ስርዓት ደርግ ካብ ማእከል ኢትዮጵያ ብነፈርቲ ኣጽዋርን ሰራዊትን እናደረበ፡ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ንምስባር፡ ቀጻሊን ትንፋስ ዘይህብን መጥቃዕቲታት ከካይድ ጀመረ። ዕላማ ናይቲ ካብ መጋቢት ክሳብ ግንቦት 1990 ዘካየዶ ዘይቋርጽ መጥቃዕቲታት፡ ብቐዳምነት ንግንባር ጊንዳዕ ሰይርካ መስመር ምጽዋዕ ምቍጽጻር፣ ብዓቢኡ ድማ ነቲ ግንባር ድሕሪ ምፍራስ፡ ብጎላጉል ሰምሃር ንሰሜን ብምግስጋስ፡ ሰራዊት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሳሕል ከይተመልሰ፡ ኣብቲ ዝኣተዎ ጐላጉል ሰምሃር ከርዲንካ ምድምሳስ ነበረ። ነዚ ውጥን’ዚ ንምዕዋት ጸላኢ፡ ኣብ ግንባር ከረንን ካልእ ከባቢታት ኤርትራን ዝነበረ ዝበዝሕ ሓይሉ ናብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ከሰልፎ እንከሎ፡ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ግንባር’ውን በብቝሩብ ናብቲ ሓድሽ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ይግዕዛ ነበራ። ብኸምዚ ከኣ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ፡ ናብ ዓውዲ ደማዊ ውግእ ተቐየረ። == ምምስራት ግንባር == ግንባር ጊንዳዕ፡ ከም ኣካል ስርሒት ፈንቅል፡ ካብ ኣስመራን ካልእ ከባቢታት ኤርትራን ክመጽእ ዝኽእል ረዳት ሓይሊ ንምዕጋት ዝተመስረተ ግንባር እዩ። ብ8 ለካቲት 1990 ስርሒት ፈንቅል ጀሚሩ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንጽርግያ ኣስመራ-ምጽዋዕ ኣብ ጋሕቴላይ ምስ በተኾ፡ ውግእ ናብ ክልተ ኣንፈት’ዩ ተመቒሉ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85፡ ካብ ጋሕቴላይ ናብ መገዲ ኣስመራ ብምቕናዕ፡ ብ9 ለካቲት ደንጎሎ ታሕታይ ተቘጻጺረ። ምስ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ ሰራዊት 61 ብምትእስሳር ከኣ፡ የማን ካብ ጊንዳዕ ክሳብ ኣጻድፍ ሰሜናዊ ባሕሪ መከላኸሊ መስመር ከምዝተሓዝ ተገብረ። ወጋሕታ 10 ለካቲት፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት እንደገና መጥቃዕቲ ፈንዩ፡ ንደንጎሎ ላዕላይ ተቘጻጸረ። ድሕሪ’ዚ ብርጌዳት 85፡ ብቕልጡፍ ኣብ ከባቢ ጊንዳዕ ካብ ቦነስፒሮ ንጸጋም ዝርከብ ኣገዳሲ ጎቦ ጋሕያት ንምሓዝ ምስ ጸላኢ ኣብ ምርብራብ ኣተዋ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 61 ብወገኑ፡ የማን ካብ ጊንዳዕ ክሳብ ሰሜናዊ-ባሕሪ ጸላኢ ዘካየዶ ተደጋጋሚ ናይ ምፍንጣስ ፈተነታት ኣምከነ። ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ገለ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ንሸነኽ ርእሲ-ዓዲ ተንቀሳቒሰን፡ ምስ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 61 ብምእሳር፡ ኣብ ምክልኻል ወዓላ። == ምድልዳል ግንባር == ደርግ፡ ነቲ ድሕሪ ስርሒት ፈንቅል ኣብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ዝዓረደ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ክፍንጥስ ካብ 1 መጋቢት 1990 - ክሳብ 27 ሚያዝያ 1990፡ ዝተፈላለየ ኣስማት ዘጠመቖም ዓበይቲ ወፍሪታት’ዩ ኣካይዱ። ነዚ ወፍሪታት’ዚ ንምፍሻል ከኣ፡ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ ጽዑቕ ናይ ምክልኻል ውግእ ተጸምዳ። ጸላኢ ክፍለ-ጦራት እናበራረየ ማዕበላዊ መጥቃዕቲታት እናዛየደ ኣብ ዝኸደሉ፡ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ብወገኑ ነተን ካብ 13 ለካቲት 1990 ጀሚረን ካብ ከባቢ ጊንዳዕ ክሳብ ሰሜናዊ-ባሕሪ ኣብ ዝዝርጋሕ መስመር ኣብ ብርቱዕ ምትሕንናቕ ዝኣተዋ ክፍላተ-ሰራዊት 61ን 85ን ተወሰኽቲ ኣሃዱታት ይድረበለን ነበረ። ፈለማ፡ ብ13 ለካቲት ብርጌድ 49 ናይ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 96 ካብ ምጽዋዕ ናብ ደንጎሎ ላዕላይ ክትደርብ እንከላ፡ ንጽባሒቱ ከኣ ብርጌድ 87 ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 61 ካብ ግንባር ሓልሓል ኣብ ጋሕያት ተደረበት። ስዒቡ ብ20 ለካቲት፡ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ብምሉኡ ካብ ምጽዋዕ፡ ክልተ ብርጌዳት ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96 ከኣ፡ ካብ ሮራመንሳዕ፡ ናብቲ ግንባር ኣተዋ እሞ፡ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ደልዲሉ ከምዝቐውም ተገብረ። ከምዚ ኢሉ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ማዕረ ማዕረ’ቲ መጥቃዕቲታት ጸላኢ ንምፍሻል ዘካይዶ ዝነበረ ሓያል ጥምጥም፡ ዕርድታት እናሰርሐ፡ መከላኸሊ መስመሩ ከደልድል ጀመረ። ጸላኢ ብወገኑ፡ ማእለያ ዘይብሉ ኣጽዋራት ኣሰሊፉ፡ ገዛእቲ ቦታታት ብምቁጽጻሩ ዝሃቦ ብልጫ ተጠቒሙ፡ ዕርድታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንምስባር፡ ዝተፈላለየ ኣስማት ዘጠመቖም፡ ዓበይቲ ወፍርታት ብተኸታታሊ የበግስ ነበረ። ገለ ካብቶም ዓበይቲ ወፍርታት እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም፦ === “ዘመቻ ምጽዋዕ” === ኣዘዝቲ ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ንምስባር፡ ፈለማ “ዘመቻ ምጽዋዕ” ዝሰመዩዎ ወፍሪ እዮም፡ ካብ 1 ክሳብ 03 መጋቢት 1990 ኣካይዶም። እዚ ወፍሪ’ዚ፡ ብየማናይን ጸጋማይን ክንፊ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ከምኡ’ውን ብሰሜናዊ-ባሕሪ ዝተፈነወ መጠነ ሰፊሕ መጥቃዕቲ ኰይኑ፡ ብብርቱዕ ደብዳብ መዳፍዓትን ነፈርቲን ዝተሰነየ ነበረ። ብ01 መጋቢት፡ ወጋሕታ ሰዓት 6፡00፡ ጸላኢ ኣብ ብምሉኡ’ቲ ግንባር ጽዑቕ ደብድብ ከቢድ ብረት ድሕሪ ምክያድ፡ ብወገን ሰሜናዊ-ባሕሪ ብዘሰለፎ መበል 15 ክፍለ-ጦር፡ ረፋድ፡ ንግራት-ኣውሊዕን ምትካል-ድኳንን ዝበሃሉ ቦታታት ኣጥቅዐ። ፈለማ ኣብዚ ቦታ’ዚ ዓሪደን ዝነበራ ኣሃዱታት ክፍላት-ሰራዊት 61ን 85ን ክዀና እንከለዋ፡ ጸላኢ ብሰሜናዊ-ባሕሪ ከጥቅዕ ምዃኑ ምስ ተፈልጠ ግን፡ ብርጌድ 98 ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96 ብ26 ለካቲት ካብ ጸጋማይ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ብምውራድ፡ ከም ትሕጃ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ከም ትጸንሕ ተገይሩ ነበረ። ኣብቲ ናይ ቀዳማይ መዓልቲ መጥቃዕቲ፡ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ ሰራዊት 85ን 96ን ንመጥቃዕቲ ጸላኢ ክምክታ ወዓላ። ብሸነኽ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 61 ዘጥቅዐ ጸላኢ ድማ፡ ናብቲ ክሕዞ ዝነቐለ ቦታታት ከይበጽሐ ተጸፊዑ ተመልሰ። ይኹን’ምበር፡ ንጽባሒቱ ዝወጠኖ መጥቃዕቲ መበገሲ ክዀኖ ዝኽእል ቦታታት ሒዙ ኣዝጊቡ ሓደረ። ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ብመንተብለን ሰለሙናን ዝተንቐሳቐሰ መበል 10ይ ክፍለ-ጦር ጸላኢ’ውን ብኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ተወቒዑ ተመልሰ። እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እንከሎ፡ ኣብ ጸጋማይ ክንፊ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ፡ ጸላኢ ንክፍለ-ጦር 19 ኣሰሊፉ፡ ሰዓት 7፡45 ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ከፈተ። ኣቐዲማ ዝኣተወት ብርጌድ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ፡ ሸቶኣ ክትሃርም ስለ ዘይከኣለት ካልእ ብርጌድ ተደሪባታ፡ ውግእ ቀጸለ። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ጸኒዑ ስለ ዝመከተ ግን ንድሕሪት ተመልሳ። ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብዚ ናይ ምክልኻል ውግእ፡ መጥቃዕቲ ጸላኢ ኣብ ምምካት ከይተሓጽራ፡ ጸላኢ ንገዛእ ርእሱ ኣብ ምክልኻል ንኽጽመድ ዘገድዶ ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ እናፈጸማ እየን ግስጋሰ ጸላኢ ዓጊተንኦ። ኣብዚ ቀዳማይ መዓልቲ፡ ብሰንኪ ግመን ዒፍዒፍታን ጸላኢ ከምቲ ዝወጠኖ ጽዑቕ ደብዳብ ነፈርቲ ከካይድ ኣይከኣለን። ግመ ኣብ ዝኸፍተሉ ዝነበረ እዋን ግን፡ ነፈርቲ ንሰራዊተን ዓቢ ደገፍ ይገብራሉ ነበራ። ኣብ ቀዳማይ መዓልቲ ናይዚ ወፍሪ’ዚ፡ ነፈርቲ ውግእ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ በዓረዛ ንመከላኸሊ መስመር ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ሸሞንተ ግዜ ተመላሊሰን ደብደባ። ኣብቲ ከባቢ ዝነበረ ጸረ-ነፈርቲ ሚሳይል ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንምዕናው’ውን ብዙሕ ግዜ ተመላሊሰን ደብደባ። ንጽባሒቱ ጸላኢ ብወገን ሰሜናዊ-ባሕሪ፡ ካብቲ ኣብ ቀዳማይ መዓልቲ ከጥቅዕ ዝፈተነሉ ቦታታት ንጸጋም ክሳብ “ርእሲ-ሓርማዝ” ዝተባህለ ከባቢ ብምግፋሕ መጥቃዕቱ ቀጸለ። ኣብዚ ናይ ካልኣይ መዓልቲ ውግእ፡ በጦሎኒ ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ብብዝሒ መውጋእትን መስዋእትን ሓይላ ስለ ዝተጓደለ፡ እቲ ቦታ ብብርጌድ 98 ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96 ከም ዝሽፈን ተገብረ። ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ብጸላኢ ዝተፈነወ መጥቃዕቲ’ውን እንተዀነ ፈሺሉ ተረፈ። ኣብዚ ካልኣይ መዓልቲ፡ እቲ ግንባር ብግመ ተዓፊኑ’ኳ እንተ ነበረ፡ ቀትሪ ከባቢ ሰዓት 1፡00 ግመ ስለ ዝኸፈተ፡ ክልተ ነፈርቲ ውግእ ደብዳብ ንምክያድ ደበኽ በላ። እንተዀነ ብኡ ንብኡ ሓንቲ ካብተን ነፈርቲ፡ ሚግ-23 ቍ.1302 ብኣሃዱታት ጸረ-ነፈርቲ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ስለ ዝተወቕዐት ክሃድማ ተቐሰባ። ኣብ ከባቢ ኣስመራ ክበጽሓ ከለዋ፡ ኣብራሪ (ፓይለት) ናይታ ተወቒዓ ትነድድ ዝነበረት ነፋሪት ሌ/ኮ ክንፉ ሃብተወልድ ዘሊሉ ክድሕን እንከሎ፡ ብኣንጻሩ፡ እታ ኮሎኔል ጥላሁን ቦጋለ ዝመርሓ ዝነበረ ካልኣይቲ ሚግ-23 ቍ.2294 ምስታ እናነደደት ብዘይ መራሒ ኣብ ሰማይ ዕንክሊል ትብል ዝነበረት ነፋሪት ተጋጨወት’ሞ፡ ንሱን ነፋሪቱን ኣብ ከባቢ ጸሎት ተኸስኪሶም ወደቑ። ኣብ ግጥም 2 መጋቢት፡ ነቲ ብሸነኽ ሰሜናዊ ባሕሪ ዘጥቅዕ ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ንምጉንዳብ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ንመዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ኣብ ውጽኢታዊ ርሕቀት ተዅሲ መዳፍዕ ንምእታው ኣብ ዘኽእል ቦታ ንምብጻሕ፡ ብጸጋማይ ግንባር ከባቢ ዓዶሮሶ፡ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 88፡ ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ፈንዩ፡ ኣገደስቲ ቦታታት ተቘጻጸረ። ኣብዚ ከባቢ’ዚ ድማ ብክልቲኡ ወገን ክሳብ 5 መጋቢት፡ ብመጥቃዕቲን ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲን ርሱን ግጥም ቀጸለ። ኣብ ሳልሳይ መዓልቲ፡ ጸላኢ ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ፈንዩ፡ ብዝተፈላለየ ሸነኻት ሓያሎ ቦታታት ክቈጻጸር ክኢሉ ነበረ። እዚ ጻዕቂ ደብዳብ ሞርታራትን መዳፍዕን ጉልባብ ገይሩ ናብ ስትራተጂያዊ ቦታታት ዝተጸግዐ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ፡ ቀልጢፉ ክጽረግ ስለዝነበሮ ከኣ፡ ኵለን ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት በብሸነኸን ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ብምፍናው ደፊአን መለሳኦ። ኣብቲ ሳልስቲ፡ ከም መናውራ ናይቲ ኣብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ዝካየድ ዝነበረ ኲናት፡ ኣብ ግንባር ከረን ብክልቲኡ ወገን ምልውዋጥ ተዅሲ ከቢድ ብረት ይካየድ ነበረ። ብዘይካ’ዚ ኣብ ከባቢ ዓረዛ፡ ለይቶን፡ ደቆጽንዓን እውን ንኣሽቱ ረጽምታት ነበረ። ምስዚ “ዘመቻ ምጽዋዕ” ዝተሰምየ ወፍሪ’ዚ ብዝተኣሳሰረ፡ ኣብ ጸጋማይ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ እውን፡ ኣብ ከባቢ ኩበ ናይ ደርግ ክፍለ-ጦራት 19ን 17ን እናተቐያየሩ ተደጋጋሚ መጥቃዕቲታት የካይዱ ነበሩ። ስትራተጂያዊ ጎቦ ኩበ፡ ብ25 ለካቲት’ዩ፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ዝኣተወ። ግስጋሰ ጸላኢ ንምዕጋትን ኩበ ደጊምካ ንምቍጽጻርን ከኣ፡ ክሳብ 10 መጋቢት ዝያዳ ኣብ ምክልኻል ዘድሃበ መሪር ውግእ ተኻየደ። ድሕሪ’ዚ ጸላኢ ከቢድ ክሳራታት ወሪድዎ መጥቃዕትታቱ ክዝሕል ምስ ጀመረ፡ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70ን ሓደ ብርጌድ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96ን (ብርጌድ 91) ኩበ ንምቍጽጻር ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ፈነው። እቲ መጥቃዕቲ፡ ኣቐዲሙ ብ8 መጋቢት ክካየድ’ኳ ተመዲቡ እንተ ነበረ፡ ክሳብ ዕለት 10 ከየቋረጸ ዝናብ ይዘንብ ስለ ዝነበረን መሬት ብግመ ስለ ዝተሸፈነን፡ ክትግበር ኣይከኣለን። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ግመ ዝተቐንጠጠሉ ኣጋጣሚታት፡ ሞርታራቱን መዳፍዕቱን ኣብ ዒላማታት ጸላኢ ንምእሳር ክጥቀመሉ እንከሎ፡ ጸላኢ ብወገኑ፡ ኣብ ምክልኻል ኣድሂቡ ድፋዕ ኣብ ምስራሕን ነቶግቲ ኣብ ምቕባርን ይጓየ ነበረ። 11 መጋቢት ወጋሕታ ግመ ስለ ዝኸፈተ፡ ሰዓት 6፡00 ንግሆ ተጋደልቲ፡ ብጽዑቕ ደብዳብ ሞርታራትን ረሻሻትን ተሰንዮም፡ ብቕጽበት መጥቃዕቲ ጀመሩ። እቲ ድሮ ሸቶኡ ኣሲሩ ዝነበረ ሞርታራትን መዳፍዓትን፡ ኣብቲ ውግእ ዝለዓለ ተራ እዩ ተጻዊቱ። ነዚ ዘረጋግጽ ተጋደልቲ ንኩበ ድሕሪ ምቁጽጻሮም፡ ኣብቲ ቦታ ዝጸንሐ ዘሰንብድ ብዝሒ ምዉታት ወተሃደራት ጸላኢ እዩ። እዚ ስትራተጂያዊ ቦታ’ዚ ኣብ ኢድ ተጋደልቲ ምእታዉ፡ ኣብ መላእ’ቲ ግንባር ክፈጥሮ ዝኽእል ለውጢ ዝተረድኦ ጸላኢ፡ ደጊሙ ንምቁጽጻሩ፡ ንጽባሒቱ 12 መጋቢት ንክፍለ-ጦር 19 ኣሰሊፉ ሓያል ፈተነ ክገብር ወዓለ። ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ዘጋጥመን ዝነበረ ከቢድ ክሳራ ተጻዊረን ተሪረን ስለ ዝመከታ ግን፡ እቲ ፈተነ ክዕወት ኣይከኣለን። ውግእ ኩበ፡ ከቢድን ተጻዋርነት ዝሓትትን ስለ ዝነበረ፡ ወተሃደራት ጸላኢ ብብዝሒ፡ ንነብሶም ባዕሎም እናወግኡ ካብቲ ውግእ ይእለዩ ከምዝነበሩ ናይ ሽዑ ሰነዳት ጸላኢ ይሕብሩ። እዚ ተርእዮ’ዚ ኣብ ኵለን ኣሃዱታት ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት ዝርአ’ኳ እንተ ነበረ፡ ኣብቲ ካብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ዝመጸ ክፍለ-ጦር 17ን ሚሊሻ ሰራዊትን ግን ኣዝዩ ግኑን ከምዝነበረ ጸብጻባት ጸላኢ የመልክት። ብኣጠቓላሊ፡ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ንምስባር፡ ብሰሜናዊ ባሕሪ ብመንተብለን ሰለሙናን፣ ብጸጋማይ ክንፊ ከባቢ ኩበ፣ ብየማናይ ክንፊ ከባቢ ርእሲዓዲ ዝተኻየደ ቀዳማይ መጠነ-ሰፊሕ “ዘመቻ ምጽዋዕ”፡ ክፍለጦራትን ተደረብቲ ኮማንዶ ብርጌዳትን ጸላኢ እናተበራረዩ፡ ኣሃዱታት ከቢድ ብረትን ነፈርቲ ውግእን ልዑል ደገፍ እናገበሩ ሓያል ፈተነ እኳ እንተካየዱ፡ ጸላኢ ዝወጠኖ ሸቶታት ከይሃረመ ፈሺሉ ተረፈ። በዚ ፍሽለት’ዚ ግን ደርግ ኣይተዓገሰን። ብኡ ንብኡ “ደም-መላሽ” ዝሰመዮ ካልኣይ ወፍሪ ኣስዓበ። ==== “ዘመቻ ደም-መላሽ” ==== ስርዓት ደርግ ኣብ ቀዳማይ መጥቃዕቱ፡ ዝወጠኖ ሸቶታት ክሕዝ’ኳ እንተ ዘይከኣለ፡ ሰራዊት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ናብ ጸጋማይን የማናይን ግንባር ስለዝተመጠ፡ እቲ ማእከላይ ግንባር (ቀንዲ መስመር ኣስመራ ምጽዋዕ) ረቒቑ ይኸውን ዝብል ግምት ወሰደ። በዚ ድማ ብማእከል በሲዕካ ደንጐሎ ንምቍጽጻር ተኽእሎ ዘሎ ኮይኑ ተራእዮ። ድሕሪ’ቲ ቀዳማይ መጥቃዕቲ ሰሙን ኣብ ዘይመልእ ግዜ ድማ ሓይሉ ኣጠናኺሩ፡ ንተራራ ክፍለ-ጦር 18ን ሰንጥቕ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ 16ን ኣሰሊፉ፡ ብ7 መጋቢት ወጋሕታ ሰዓት 4፡00 ጽዑቕ ደብዳብ ከቢድ ብረት ኣሰንዩ፡ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ዓሪዱሉ ብዝነበረ ድፋዓት ክፍንጥስ ተበገሰ። ብርጌዳት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85፣ ብርጌድ 22 ኣብ ማእከል ጽርግያ፡ 18 ኣብ ጎቦ ጋሕያት፡ 82 ኣብ ሩባ ማይ ኣድከሞምን ካብኡ ንጸጋም ዘሎ ቦታታትን ዓሪደን ነበራ። ካብ ጽርግያ ንየማን ንሸነኽ ሓመልማሎ ከኣ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 61 ኣሲረን ነበራ። ውጥን ዘመቻ ደም-መላሽ፡ ክፍለ-ጦር 18 ብምሉእ ዓቕሙ ንጎቦ ጋሕያትን ካብኡ ንሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ዘሎ ድፋዓትን ሰይሩ ብምዝርጋሕ ንደንጎሎ ክጽጋዕ፣ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ 16 ብማእከል ጽርግያ ሰንጢቑ፡ ነቶም ምስኡ ዝተሰለፉ ኣጋር ሰራዊት ብከቢድ ብረት እናደገፈ ክሳብ ደንጎሎ ታሕታይ ዘሎ ኣገደስቲ ቦታታት ክቆጻጻር ዝዓለመ ነበረ። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብዝገበሮ ሓያል መኸተ ግን፡ እዚ ንክልተ መዓልቲ ዝተኻየደ ህንዱድ ወፍሪ፡ ተልእኾኡ ከይፈጸመ ፈሸለ። ኣብዚ ግጥም’ዚ፡ ጸላኢ ጻዕቂ ደብዳብ ከቢድ ብረት፡ ታንክታትን ብዝሒ ሰራዊትን ተጠቒሙ፡ ኣብ ገለ ይደፍእን ቦታታት ይቈጻጸርን ነይሩ እዩ። እንተዀነ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ነቲ ውጥን ተረዲኡ፡ ስልቲ ብምቕያር፡ ነቲ ዝደፍእ ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢን ታንክታትን ንውሽጢ ብምስሓብ ከርዲኑ ከትርፎ ይፍትን ብምንባሩ፡ ጸላኢ እውን ነዚ ተገንዚቡ ስግኣት ስለ ዝሓደሮ፡ ሰራዊቱ ንድሕሪት ስሒቡ ናብ ምክልኻል ክምለስ ተቐሰበ።   ===== ደብዳብ መዕርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ===== ኣብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ደማዊ ምርብራብ ኣብ ዝካየደሉ ዝነበረ እዋን፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት ስንቂን ኣጽዋርን ተደራቢ ሓይሊን ዝረኽበሉ እንኮ መስመር መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ’ዩ ዝነበረ። በዚ ድማ ህዝባዊ ግንባር፡ ንመዕርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ዒላማ ክገብሮ ግድን ነበረ። ሓጺር መጽናዕቲ ድሕሪ ምክያድ ከኣ፡ ካብቲ ድሮ ኣጽኒዑ ዝተቘጻጸሮ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ፡ ብ130 ሚሊ ሜትር መድፍዕ፡ ንመዓረፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ከረኻኽበሉ ከምዝኽእል ኣረጋገጸ። ብ17 መጋቢት 1990 ከኣ፡ ኣብ ማይሽሮ መዳፍዕ ብምትካል፡ ካብ ሰዓት 4፡20 ክሳብ 6፡25 ድሕሪ ቐትሪ፡ ንፈላማ ግዜ ናብ መዕርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ 80 ቦምባታት ከቢድ ብረት ኣዝነበ። እዚ ናይ ፈተነ ቦምባታት፡ ኣብ ሸውዓተ ከባቢታት ኣስመራ ማለት፣ ድሕሪ ወተሃደራዊ ሆስፒታል ገጀረት፡ ፎሮብያ፡ መዓስከር ወተሃደራት ሰምበል፡ ጸጸራት፡ ገዛ-ከኒሻ፡ ከባቢ ባሕቲ መስከረምን መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራን ወደቐ። እዚ ፍጻመ’ዚ ንጸላኢ ከቢድ ራዕዲ ፈጠረሉ። ኣብ ኣስመራ ቦምባታት ክወድቕ ምስ ጀመረ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ከተማ ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ብርቡሽ መንፈስ ነናብ መዓስከራቱ ክጐዪ ተራእየ። ኣባላት ሰራዊትን ደህንነትን ደርግ ከኣ፡ ቦምባታት ኣብ ዝወደቑሉ ከባቢ፡ ‘ኣስተኳሽ’ (ሓበርቲ ተዅሲ ናይ ሻዕብያ) ኣለው እናበሉ፡  ዝጠርጠሩዎም ሲቪል ሰባት ኣብ ምእሳር ኣተዉ። ነዋሕቲ ርሻናትን ኣብያተ ክርስትያንን፡ ሓበርቲ ተሓቢኦምሉ ክህሉዉ ይኽእሉ’ዮም ብዝብል ጥርጣረ፡ ብፍሉይ ተኸበበን ተፈተሸን። እዚ ናይ መጀመርታ መዓልቲ ደብዳብ፡ ንህዝቢ ኣስመራ ብመጠኑ ዘስንበደ እኳ እንተነበረ፡ ኣብ ዝቐጸለ መዓልታት ግን ህዝቢ ለሚድዎ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ከም ብስራት ምቕራብ ዕለተ-ናጽነት ስለ ዝረኣዮ ብኣንጻሩ ድሃዩ ክሰምዕ ክህንጠ ጀመረ። ኣዘዝቲ ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ ናብታ ዘይቀበጹዋ ምጽዋዕ ንምምላስ ናይ ሞትን ሕየትን ውግእ እናካየዱ፡ ደብዳብ መዳፍዕ ተወሳኺ ሕማም ርእሲ ኮኖም። ናብ ኣስመራ ዝድብድብ ዝነበረ መዳፍዕ ንምድምሳስ ከኣ ጽዑቕ ናይ ነፈርቲን ኣጋርን ስለያዊ ዳህሳስ ከካይዱ ጀመሩ። ነፈርቲ ብቐጻሊ እናዘንበያ እቲ መዳፍዕ ኣብ ዝትኩሰሉ እዋን ተኸታቲለን ክጥቅዕኦ፡ ነዊሕ ርሕቀት ዝሽፍን መዳፍዕ ጸላኢ ከኣ ናብኡ ክቐንዕ ትእዛዝ ተዋህበ። እንተዀነ፡ ንደብዳብ መዳፍዕ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ከዐግስዎ ኣይከኣሉን። ክሳብ ድሮ ናጽነት ድማ ቀጸለ። እዚ ከም’ዚ ኢሉ እንከሎ፡ ብ26 መጋቢት 1990 ኣብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ድግድግታን ጋሕተላይን ክድብድባ ካብ ዝበረራ ክልተ ነፈርቲ ኲናት ጸላኢ፡ ሓንቲ ሚግ-21 ብጸረነፈርቲ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ተሃሪማ ኣብ ከባቢ ዓድዕለ ክትወድቕ እንከላ፡ ኣብራሪኣ ዝነበረ ምክትል ሓለቓ ሚእቲ ኣባይነህ ሃይሉ ተማረኸ። == ውግእ ሰሜናዊ-ባሕሪ == እዚ ግጥም’ዚ ቅድሚ ምጅማሩ፡ ኣብ ርእሲ-ዓዲን ኳዜንን ጸላኢ ሰራዊት ስለዘጽዓቐ፡ ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ክፍኑ ምዃኑ ተገምጊሙ ነበረ። በዚ ከኣ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣተሓሕዛኡ ከደልድልን ሓይሊ ክውስኽን ተጓየየ። ኣብቲ ግንባር ዓሪደን ዝነበራ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96 እየን። ብርጌድ 98 ካብ ግራት-ኣውሊዕ ክሳብ ክሳድ-ኣልጌን፡ ብርጌድ 91 ካብ ክሳድ ኣልጌን ክሳብ ጽርግያ ፍልፍል-ኩዶ፡ ብርጌድ 49 ካብ ጽርግያ ፍልፍል ክሳብ ዒላዒሮ ሒዘን ነበራ። ወሃብ ደገፍ ሓደ በጦሎኒ ከቢድ ብረት ድማ ምስአን ተሰሊፉ ነበረ። እቲ ቦታ ሰፊሕ ስለ ዝነበረ፡ ጋንታታት ስለያ ንቕድሚት ብምሕላፍ’ዩ ምቍጽጻር ዝግበረሉ ነይሩ። ብርጌድ 98 ኣብ ግራት-ኣውሊዕ ነዊሕ ስለ ዝዓስከረት፡ ድፋዕ ሰሪሓ ነበረት። ካብ ርእሲ-እምባደርሆ ንየማነ ግን ስፍሓት ቦታ ስለዝነበሮን ዝተፈላለያ ኣሃዱታት ዝተቐያየራሉ ቦታ ብምንባሩን ዘተኣማምን ድፋዕ ኣይነበሮን። ናይ ጸላኢ ክፍለ-ጦር 22፡ ብ19 ሚያዝያ ሰዓት 4፡00 ወጋሕታ፡ ብጹዑቕ ደብዳብ ከቢድ ብረት ተሰንዩ ኣብ መዛግብ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት መጥቃዕቲ ከፈተ። ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ኣፍ-ገረብ ዝተባህለ ዕርዲ ሓያል ግጥም ተኻየደ። ብሽነኽ ሳቡር-ሰጊ ድልዱል መከላኸሊ መስመር ስለ ዘይነበረ፡ ጸላኢ ንቐዳማይ መከላኸሊ መስመር ክቆጻጸሮ ኣይተጸገመን። ኣብ ካልእ ቦታታት’ውን ተመሳሳሊ ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ግን ጸኒዑ ተኸላኸለ። ድሕሪ’ዚ እቲ ብሸነኽ ሳቡር ሰጊ ጸላኢ ሒዝዎ ዝነበረ ቦታታት ብጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ከም ዝምለስ ተገብረ። ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ሰዓት ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ብሸነኽ ርእሲ-እምባደርሆ፡ ሓይሊ ኣጽዒቑ ፈንጢሱ ብምሕላፍ ንርእሲ-እምባደርሆ ተቘጻጸረ። ናብ 20 ሚያዝያ ኣብ ዘውግሐ ለይቲ፡ ክፍለ-ጦር 22፡ ዓቕሚ ደሪቡ፡ ኣብ ግራት-ኣውሊዕን ኣፍ-ገረብን ክረባረብ ሓደረ። ሰዓት 3፡00 ናይ ለይቲ ከኣ ንመከላኸሊ መሰመር ኣፍ-ገረብ ኣፍሪሱ፡ ብጸጋም ኣግፊሑ ዓቕሚ እናደረበ ብቐጻሊ ፈተነታት ከካይድ ወዓለ። ናብ 21 ሚያዝያ ኣብ ዘውግሐ ለይቲ፡ ረዳት ዝመጻ ኣርባዕተ ሓይልታት ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52፡ ምስ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96 ተደሪበን መጥቃዕቲ ንምፍጻም ኣብ ምድላው እንከለዋ፡ ክፍለጦር 22 ቀዲሙ ሰዓት 4፡00 ወጋሕታ መጥቃዕቲ ከፈተ። ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ከኣ፡ ዝተኸፍተለን መጥቃዕቲ ድሕሪ ምክልኻል፡ ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ብምግባር ልክዕ ሰዓት 12፡00 ቀትሪ ንግራት-ኣውሊዕ ተቘጻጸራኦ። ብ22 ሚያዝያ ክፍለ-ጦር 22፡ መጠናዊ መጥቃዕቲ’ኳ እንተካየደ፡ ተጸፊዑ ተመልሰ። እንተዀነ ንጽባሒቱ 23 ሚያዝያ ዝደኸመ ኣሃዱታቱ ቀያይሩ፡ ብጽዑቕ ደብዳብ ተሰንዩ፡ ነቲ ብዕለት 21 ሒዝዎ ዝነበረ ቦታታት ዳግም ንምምላስ ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ብምፍናው ደጊሙ ክቈጻጸሮ ከኣለ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96፡ ዝተደፍአ ኣሃዱታቱ ዳግም ወዲቡ፡ ክልተ ሓይሊ ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ብምድራብ፡ ብ24 ሚያዝያ ሰዓት 18፡00 ምሸት መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ሰዓት 23፡00 ከኣ መከላኸሊ መስመር ግራት-ኣውሊዕ ብምሉኡ ተቘጻጸሮ።   ብድሕሪ’ዚ ንርእሲ-እምባደርሆን ከባቢኡን ካብ ኢድ ጸላኢ ንምምንዛዕ፡ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ኣካየደ። ክደፍእ ክድፋእ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ከኣ፡ 25 ሚያዝያ፡ ካብ ክፍለሰራዊት 16 ሓደ በጦሎኒ፡ ካብ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96 ክልተ በጦሎኒ ተደረባኦ። እዘን ኣሃዱታት፡ ብደብዳብ መዳፋዓትን ሞርታራትን ዝተሰነየ ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ንምክያድ እናተዳለዋ ከለዋ፡ ጸላኢ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ዝካየድ ዝነበረ መጥቃዕቲ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ስለ ዝፈሸለ ክፍለ-ጦር 21 ናብ መበገሲ ቦታኡ ክምለስ ተኣዘዘ’ሞ፡ 27 ሚያዝያ 1990፡ ኣብኡ ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ናብ መበገሲ ቦታኡ ኣዝለቐ። ስርዓት ደርግ በዚ ንኣስታት ስለስተ ኣዋርሕ ዘካየዶ ተኸታታሊን መጠነ-ሰፊሕን ወፍሪታት እኳ እንተ ዘይተዓወተ፡ “ዓቕሚ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ተዳኺሙ ይኸውን” ካብ ዝብል ገምጋም፡ ብዘይካ፡ ሓይሊ እናወሰኽካ ቀጻሊ ወፍርታት ብምብጋስ ውግእ ምቕጻል ካልእ ይርኣዮ ኣይነበረን። ብርግጽ ድማ መስመር ኣስመራ-ምጽዋዕ ካብ ምኽፋት ወጻኢ ካልእ ካብ ስዕረት ዘድሕን ወተሃደራዊ ኣማራጺታት ኣይነበሮን። ስርዓት ደርግ ኣብ ከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ጭኑቕ ኩነተ ኣእምሮን ናይ ቅብጸተ ተስፋ ህልኽን እንከሎ፡ ህዝባዊ ግንባር፡ ጸላኢ ዓሰርተ ግዜ ሰራዊቱን ኣጽዋርን እናደረበ ዘካይዶም ወፍሪታት ንምምካት ልኡም ኰይኑ ክጽበ ምርጫኡ ኣይነበረን። ነቲ ሓደገኛ ውጥን ጸላኢ ንምምካን ካልእ ስልቲ ክጥቀም ነበሮ። ጸላኢ ድሕሪ’ዚ ዝተጠቕሰ ፍሹል ወፍርታት፡ “ዘመቻ ኣሉላ” ዝተሰምየ ካልእ ሓድሽ ወፍሪ ንምብጋስ መደብ ሒዙ ነይሩ እዩ። ስልቲ ናይዚ ወፍሪ’ዚ፡ ካብቲ ቅድሚኡ ብዙሕ ዝፍለ ከምዘይኮነ ይግመት። ጸላኢ ነዚ ወፍሪ’ዚ ኣብ ምቅርራብ እንከሎ ግን፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ ደቡብ ኤርትራ መጥቃዕቲ ከፊቱ ከተማታት ክቈጻጸር ስለ ዝጀመረ፡ እቲ ውጥን በርዓነ።   ኣብዚ ብስርሒት ፈንቅል ዝተጨበጠ ዓወት ንምዕቃብ፡ ንሰለስተ ኣዋርሕ ኣብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ዝተኻየደ መሪርን ደማዊን ምርብራብ፡ ኣስታት 3000 ተጋደልቲ ከምዝተሰውኡ ጸብጻባት የመልክቱ። ኣብቲ ካብ 8 ክሳብ 29 ለካቲት 1990 ንኣስታት 20 መዓልታት ምጽዋዕ ንምሓዝን ረዳት ጸላኢ ኣብ ደንጎሎን ሰሜናዊ ባሕሪን ንምሕናቑን ዝተኻየደ ከም ኣካል ስርሒት ፈንቅል ዝውሰድ መጥቃዕቲታት ዝተሰውኡ ተጋደልቲ 1100 ምንባሮም ኣብ ግምት ምስዝኣቱ፡ እቲ ኣብ ምርብራብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ዝተኸፍለ ዋጋ ክሳብ ክንደይ ከቢድ ምንባሩ ንምርዳእ ኣየጸግምን። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ነዚ ብብርቱዕ ደብዳብ ዝተፈላለየ ዓይነት ኣጽዋራትን ነፈርቲን ዝተሰነየ ወፍርታት፡ ከቢድ መስዋእቲ እናኸፈለ ተሪሩ ስለ ዝመከቶ፡ ጸላኢ ኣብዚ ወፍርታት’ዚ፡ ዝዀነ ናይ ቦታ ለውጢ ከምጽእ ኣይከኣለን። ኣስታት 30,000 ሰብኣዊ ክሳራ ከምዘጋጠሞ ድማ ሰነዳት ጸላኢ የረጋግጽ። == ምድልዳል ግንባር ደቀምሓረ == ኣዘዝቲ ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ ከቢድ ምርብራብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ስለዝተሃስየ፡ ብሸነኽ ደቡብ ከምዚ ዓይነት መጥቃዕቲ ክፍኑ ይኽእል’ዩ ዝብል ገምጋም ኣይነበሮምን። ምምስራት ግንባር ደቀምሓረ መሸንቆቛ ጸላኢ ዘጽበበ፡ ንጸላኢ ኣዝዩ ኣገራሚን ኣሰንባዲን ፍጻመ’ዩ ነይሩ። በዚ ድማ፡ መግዛእታዊ ስርዓት ደርግ፡ ናብ ተስፋ ምቝራጽን ዓቕለ-ጽበታዊ ምዕልባጥን ኣምርሐ። ናይ መጨረሽታ ክገብሮ ዝኽእል ዝነበረ፡ ካልእ ዘይተሓስበ ዕድላት ክሳብ ዝርከብ፡ ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ፡ ኣደልዲልካ ብምዕራድ ግዜ ምዕዳግ ጥራይ እዩ። በዚ መሰረት፡ ጸላኢ ኣብ ጸቢብን ንምክልኻል ምቹእ ዝዀነን ቦታታት፡ ብዙሕ ሰራዊትን ኣጽዋርን ኣገዲሙ ኣብ ፍጹም ምክልኻል ኣተወ። ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ዝተረኽበ ተዛማዲ እፎይታ፡ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ብቕዓት ሰራዊቱ ዝያዳ ክብ ንምባል ተጠቕመሉ። ምልከት ኣጽዋር ንምዕባይ ኣብ ትምህርቲ ኣድሃበ። ነብሲወከፍ ኣሃዱ ናይ ገዛእርእሳ ሓይሊ ኮማንዶ ከምዝህልዋ ብምግባር ድማ ጽዑቕ ወተሃደራዊ ታዕሊም ከምዝካየድ ገበረ። ንጽፈት እዝን ቁጽጽርን ዝሕግዝ ሓያሎ ትምህርታዊን ምምሕዳራዊን መደባት ኣሰላሰለ። ዓቕሚ ህዝባዊ ሚሊሻን ዞባዊ ሰራዊትን ብዓቕሚ ሰብን ኣጽዋርን ዝያዳ ደልደለ።ህዝቢ ደቡብ፡ ዝያዳ ካልእ ግዜ ብጋንታታት ተወዲቡ፡ ዕጥቅን ስንቂን ኣብ ምምልላስ፡ ድፍዓትን ጽርግያታትን ኣብ ምህናጽ ምስ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብልዑል ውህደት ይሳተፍ ነበረ።  ኵሉ’ዚ ምድላዋት ድማ ናብ ዛዛሚ ኲናትን ምርግጋጽ ናጽነትን ዝቐንዐ ነበረ። == ተበግሶ ነሓሰ 1990 == ህዝባዊ ግንባር፡ ኣብ ነሓሰ 1990 ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ሰፊሕ መጥቃዕቲ ከካይድ ወጠነ። ናይዚ መጥቃዕቲ’ዚ ዕላማ፡ ደቀምሓረን ከባቢኡን ብምቍጽጻር፡ ከባቢ ወቐርቲ ብምብጻሕ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ኣብ ቀረባ ርሕቀት ተዅሲ መዳፍዕ ምእታው፣ ንሸነኽ ምዕራብ ንመስመር ኣስመራ መንደፈራ ኣብ ከባቢ ተራእምኒ ድባሩዋ በቲኽካ፡ ኣብ ሰራየ ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ምቝራጽ፣ ምዕባለ ናይቲ ውግእ ተራእዩ ድማ፡ ግንባራት ጊንዳዕን ዓዶሮሶን ውሽጢ ስለዝተርፉ፡ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ንድሕሪት ክስሕብ ዘገድዶ ሃዋህው ምፍጣር ነበረ። እንተዀነ እቲ ውግእ ንጸላኢ ናይ ሞትን ሕየትን ሕቶ ስለዝነበረ፡ ዘለዎ ዓቕሚ ኣጽዋርን ሰራዊትን ብምኽታት፡ ትሕጃታት እውን ኣዋዲዱ ጸኒዑ ንምክልኻል ተዳልዩ ነበረ። ኣብዚ ናይ ፈለማ ወርሒ ነሓሰ መጥቃዕቲ’ዚ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ኣብ ኣፍደገ ሓሊቦን እንዳደቆን ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ጸራሪጉ፡ ንዓዲ-ምሕጹን፡ ጎደይቲ፡ ማይሑጻ፡ ዓዲንፋስ፡ ውጡሕን ማይዕዳጋን ሓራ ገበረ። እንተዀነ ኣብ ከባቢ ጉራዕን ከባቢኡን ብሰንኪ ዘጋጠመ ዕንቅፋት፣ ከምኡ’ውን ታንክታት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ናይ ቅርጺ መሬትን ወሓይዝን ካልእን መሰናኽላት ስለዝገጠመን፡ ጎላጉል እገላ-ሓመስ ክሰግራኦ ኣይከኣላን። በዚ ምኽንያት’ዚ ከኣ እቲ ዝተወጠነ ሸቶ ከይተሃርመ ተረፈ። ብድሕሪ’ዚ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ኣንፈት ብምቕያር፡ ንብርጌድ 87 ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 61፡ ከምኡ’ውን ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16ን ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52ን ኣሰሊፉ፡ ካብ ዓዲሃርም የማን ክሳብ ከባቢ ሕረት ብ14-15 ነሓሰ 1990 ዳግማይ መጥቃዕቲ ኣካየደ። እዚ’ውን ከምቲ ዝድለ ውጽኢት ኣይተረኽቦን። ኣብ መስከረም 1990፡ ሰራዊት ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ በረኽቲ ቦታታት ሰሰብ ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ክሳራ ሰብን ንዋትን ምስ በዝሖ ግን መጥቃዕቱ ኣቋረጾ። ካብ መስከረም 1990 ንደሓር፡ ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ዳርጋ ውግእ ኣይተኻየደን። ጸላኢ መወዳእታ እናቐረበ ይመጽእ ከምዝነበረ ብምግንዛብ፡ ካብ ዓቕሊ ምጽባብ ዝተበገሰ ገለ ስጕምቲ ክወስድ ተደናደነ። ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ብተዛማዲ ኣብ ዝረግኣሉ ግዜ፡ ጸላኢ፡ ኣብ ወርሒ መጋቢት 1991 ብዓዲዃላን መረብን ኣቢሉ፡ ዓድዋን ሽረን ብምቁጽጻር መስመር ጎንደር ክኸፍት ፈቲኑ ነይሩ። እንተዀነ ብሓይልታት ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ወያነን ተደፊኡ ተመልሰ። ዛዛሚ ግጥም   ሰርዓት ደርግ ኣብ ኤርትራ ከቢድ ውግኣት እናካየደ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኢትዮጵያ እውን ብመጥቃዕቲታት ሰራዊት ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ ተሸጊሩ ነበረ። መሪሕነት ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ወያነን ከኣ፡ ውድቀት ስርዓት ደርግ ንምቅልጣፍ፡ ወተሃደራዊ ስርሒታቶም ዘወሃህድ መደባት ሓንጸጹ። በቲ መደብ መሰረት፡ ሓደ ቦጦሎኒ ታንከኛ፡ ሓደ ቦጦሎኒ መድፍዕ፡ ሓደ ቦጦሎኒ ረሻሽ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ጸረ-ታንክን ጸረ-ኣየርን ሚሳይላት ዝዓጠቐ ሓደ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ኮማንዶ ቦጦሎንታትን ኣብ መጥቃዕቲታት ማእከል ኢትዮጵያ ንምስታፍ ኣብ ጎድኒ ሰራዊት ወያነ ክስለፉ ተመደበ። እቲ ሓባራዊ ወተሃደራዊ መደብ ኣብ ሰለስተ መድረኻት ዝተኸፋፈለ ነበረ። እቲ ቀዳማይ መድረኽ ካብ መወዳእታ ለካቲት ጀሚሩ ክሳብ ፍርቂ መጋቢት 1991 ዝቕጽል ኮይኑ፡ ዕላማኡ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንጢዖን ዕዲን ከጥቅዓ፡ ሓይልታት ወያነ፡ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ 23ን ኣሃዱታት ኮማንዶ ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ብሓባር ድማ፡ ነቲ ኣብ ጎልጎል ሃሙሲት ክፍለ ሃገር ጎንደር ዝነበረ ገዚፍ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ብምጥቃዕ ባህርዳርን ጎንደርን ተቘጻጺሩ ንክፍላተ-ሃገር ጎንደርን ጎጃምን ሓራ ከውጽእ እዩ ነይሩ። እቲ ካልኣይ መድረኽ ካብ ፍርቂ መጋቢት ጀሚሩ ንክልተ ኣዋርሕ ዝቕጽል ኮይኑ፡ ዕላማኡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ በይሉል ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ደምሲሱ፡ ንዓሰብ ክጽጋዕ፣ ሰራዊት ወያነን ኣሃዱታት ህ.ግ.ን ብወገኖም፡ ንኣባይ ሰጊሮም ንወለጋን ምዕራብ ሽዋን ከጥቅዑ ዝዓለመ ነበረ።   ሳልሳይ መድረኽ፡ እቲ ኣብ ግንቦት 1991 ዝተተግበረ ውጥን ኰይኑ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንኣስመራ ብምጥቃዕ፡ ንማእከላይ እዚ ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት ክቆጻጸር፡ ሓይልታት ወያነን ህ.ግ.ን ከኣ ኣብ ደሴን ከባቢኣን ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ጸራሪጉ ንኣዲስ ኣበባ ክኣቱ ዝብል እዩ። በዚ ውጥን’ዚ መሰረት፡ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ኣብ ለካቲት 1991፡ ኣብ ኣውራጃ ደንከል ኣብ ጢዖ፡ ዕዲ፡ በርዓሶለ፡ ኣፋምቦ፡ በርሓሊ፡ ዋዴ፡ ደረብ፡ በይሉልን ዓሰብን ዓስኪሩ ኣብ ልዕሊ ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ንምድምሳስ ነቐለ። == ወፍሪ ደንከል == ህዝባዊ ግንባር፡ ናብቲ ንኣጋር ሰራዊት ይኹን መካናይዝድ ዘይምቹእ፡ ብቐሊሉ ረዳት ሓይሊ ይኹን ዕጥቅን ስንቅን ከተመላልሰሉ ዘይትኽእል ኣጻምእ ደንከል ንመጥቃዕቲ ክወፍር እንከሎ፡ ዝያዳ ኹሉ ዝተኣማመነሉ ዕጥቂ፡ ጽንዓትን ተጻዋርነትን ተጋዳላይ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ደማዊ ምርብራብ ኣብ ዝካየደሉ ዝነበረ እዋን፡ ሓይሊ-ባሕሪ ኢትዮጵያ ብመራኽብ ካብ ዳህላክን ናኹራን እናተበገሰ ንምጽዋዕ ብኸቢድ ብረት ይድብድብ ነይሩ እዩ። ዕላማ ናይቲ ደብዳብ፡ ነቲ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ፈንጢሱ ናብ ምጽዋዕ ክምለስ ናይ ሞትን ሕየትን ፈተነ ዘካይድ ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ ብድሕሪት ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ጸቕጢ ፈጢርካ ንምሕጋዙ፡ እንተዘይሰለጠ ከኣ ወደብ ምጽዋዕ ንምዕናው’ዩ ዝነበረ። ሓይሊ-ባሕሪ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ከኣ፡ በተን ፈጣናት ጀላብኡ ንዘመናውያን መራኽብ ውግእ ስርዓት ደርግ እናጥቅዐ፡ ነቲ ናይ ባሕሪ መጥቃዕቲ ከዐግሶ ይፍትን ነበረ። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንወፍሪ ደንከል ክነቅል ከሎ እምበኣር እንተላይ ነቲ ኣብ ዳህላክን ናኹራን ዓስኪሩ ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ኢትዮጵያ ንምድምሳስ እዩ ነይሩ። ነዚ ወፍሪ’ዚ ንምዕዋት፡  ህዝባዊ ግንባር፡ ካብ ዝተፈላለያ ግንባራት ኣሃዱታት ብምስሓብ፡ ሓደ ፍሉይ ሓይሊ ከም ዝቐውም ገበረ። ኣብ መወዳእታ 1990 ኣብ ነብሲ-ወከፍ ክፍለሰራዊት ኮማንዶ ቦጦሎኒ ከምዝቐውም ተገይሩ ነበረ። ናብ ወፍሪ ደንከል ንቕሎ ምስ ኮነ ድማ፡ ኣብ ክፍላተ ሰራዊት 16፡ 52፡ 85፡ 96 ዝነበሩ  ፓራኮማንዶ ቦጦሎንታት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሓደ በጦሎኒ ካብ ኣሃዱ ኮማንዶ ውድብ ኣብ ሕርጊጎ ተኣኻኸቡ። ብዘይካ’ዚ፡ ካብ መካናይዝድ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 74፡ ኣርባዕተ ናይ ታንክ፡ መድፍዕ፡ ረሻሽ በጦሎኒታት፣ ካብ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ’ውን ዝተወሰነ ሓይሊ ተጸንበሮም። እዚ ፍሉይ ሓይሊ’ዚ ምስ ተኣከበ፡ ምስቲ ኣብ ቅድመኡ ዝጽበዮ ዝነበረ ዕማምን ቅርጺ መሬትን ዝዛመድ ናይ ክልተ ኣዋርሕ ታዕሊም ኣካየደ።   እዚ እናተገብረ ስለያ ሓይሊ-ባሕርን ስለያ ናይቲ ሓድሽ ዝቘመ ሓይሊን ምስ ሓፋሽ ውዱባት ደቂ ዳህላክ ተወሃሂዶም፡ ንደሴት ዳህላክ ንምጥቃዕ መጽናዕቲ ከካይዱ ጀመሩ። ብመሰረት’ቲ መጽናዕቲ፡ “መእተዊ መሳኹቲ ናብ ደሴት ዳህላክ ጸቢብ ኰይኑ፡ ንዘጥቅዕ ሓይሊ መንከሲ ዝኸውን ምቹእ ቦታታት ዘይብሉ፡ ብኣንጻሩ ንዝኸላከል ሓይሊ ዕድል ዝህብ እዩ። ሰራዊት ኣብታ ደሴት ተጸጊዑ ምስ ተራገፈ፡ ናብ ሸቶኡ ማለት ናብቲ ቀንዲ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ዓስኪሩሉ ዝነበረ መዓስከር ናኹራ ንክበጽሕ ምሉእ መዓልቲ ዝወስድ መገዲ ክጓዓዝ ኣለዎ። ኣብዚ መኸወሊ ዘይብሉ ደሴት፡ ነፈርቲ ኲናት ካብ ኣስመራ እናተመላለሳ ጽዑቕ ደብዳባት ከካይዳ ይኽእላ’የን። ናብዛ ደሴት ሓንሳብ ምስ ኣተኻ፡ ኵነታት እንተ ዘይሰሊጡ ከተንሳሕብ ኣጸጋሚ እዩ” ዝብል መደምደምታ ተበጽሐ። በዚ ምኽንያት’ዚ ደሴት ዳህላክ ንምጥቃዕ ዝወጸ ውጥን ተረፈ።   ዳህላክ ንምጥቃዕ ዝተሓሰበ መደብ ምስ ተረፈ፡ ኣጋርን መካናይዝድን ሓይሊ-ባሕሪን ዝሓቘፈ ሰራዊት፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓደ እዚ ተጠርኒፉ፡ ናብ መጥቃዕቲ ጢዖ ኣቕንዐ። ኣብ ሕርጊጎ ምድላዋቱ ድሕሪ ምጽፋፍ ከኣ፡ ብ25 ለካቲት ናብ ገልዓሎ ቀረበ። ንጽባሒቱ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ኣብ ጢዖ ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ንምጥቃዕ ብክልተ ኣንፈት ገስገሰ። በጦሎኒ ፓራኮማንዶ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ምስ ሓደ ሓይሊ ናይ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ብባሕሪ ክብገሱ እንከለው፡ በጦሎኒ ፓራኮማንዶ ክፍላተ-ሰራዊት 52፡ 85፡ 96፡ ምስ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድን ሃንደሳን ካልኦት ኣሃዱታትን ብመሬት ነቐሉ። እቲ መደብ፡ ብባሕሪ ዝነቐለ ሓይሊ፡ ማርሳ ፋጥማ ክበጽሕ ከሎ፡ እቲ ብመሬት ዝተጓዕዘ ሓይሊ ከኣ ብመገዲ ዓኬሎ ኣቢሉ ምስቲ ብባሕሪ ዝኸደ ኣብ ማርሳ ፋጥማ ክራኸብ እዩ ነይሩ። እንተዀነ ኣብ መጻብቦ ዓኬሎ፡ ሽዱሽተ ታንክታት ኣብ ሰልሚ ስለ ዝተሸኽላ፡ ጕዕዞ ተዓናቐፈ። ካልእ መገዲ ክምረጽ ስለ ዝነበሮ ድማ፡ ብምሉኡ’ቲ ሓይሊ ንገልዓሎ ተመልሰ። እታ ብባሕሪ ዝነቐለት በጦሎኒ ፓራኮማንዶ 16 እውን ምስቲ ብኣጋር ዝነቐለ ሓይሊ ተደረበት። እቲ ኣማራጺ ንየማን ብሲሞቲ ኣቢልካ ምኻድ ነበረ። ብምሉኡ ኣጥቃዒ ሓይሊ ድማ ምሉእ ለይቲ ልዕሊ 140 ኪሎ ሜትር ክጓዓዝ ሓዲሩ፡ ወጋሕታ ከባቢ ጢዖ በጽሐ። 27 ለካቲት ሰዓት 9፡00 ረፋድ ከኣ መጥቃዕቲ ጢዖ ጀመረ። እቶም ብፈጣናት ጀላቡ ተጓዒዞም ዝመጹ ኣባላት ሓይሊ ባሕሪ’ውን ኣብ ልዕሊ መዓስከር ጢዖ ብባሕሪ ሓያል መጥቃዕቲ ፈነው። እቲ መጥቃዕቲ ቅልጡፍን ልዑል ውህደት ዝነበሮን እኳ እንተነበረ፡ ኣብ መዓስከር ጢዖ ዝነበረ ጸላኢ ብመሬት ይዅን ብባሕሪ መህደሚ ስለ ዘይነበሮ፡ እቲ ኲናት መሪር ነበረ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ነቲ ኣትሪሩ ክከላኸል ዝፈተነ ሰራዊት ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰዓታት ደምሲሱ ሰዓት 15፡00 ድሕሪ ቐትሪ ንጢዖ ካብ መግዛእቲ ኣገላገላ። ኣስታት 260 ኪሎ ሜትር ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ካብ ምጽዋዕ እትርከብ ጢዖ፡ ኣብ ደነከል ድሕሪ ወደብ ዓሰብ፡ ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዝቐመጣ ዓባይ ማርሳ እያ። ብመጥቃዕቲ ጢዖ ዝሰንበደ ጸላኢ፡ ኣብ ደንከልን ኣብ ውሽጢ ኢትዮጵያን ዝካየድ ዝነበረ መጥቃዕቲ ጸቕጢ ፈጢሩ ከተዓናቕፍ፡ ከምኡ’ውን እንተስለጦ፡ ካብ ከበባ ዘገላግሎ መስመር ብሸነኽ ጎንደር ክኸፍት ብምሕሳብ ንክፍለ ጦር 14 ብዓዲዃላ ኣቢሉ ንራማ - ትግራይ ኣንቀሳቐሶ። ብ3 መጋቢት 1991 ከኣ መጥቃዕቲ ከፈተ። ቅድሚ ሽዑ፡ ሰራዊት ደርግ ዶብ ኤርትራ ሰጊሩ ንውሽጢ ኢትዮጵያ ከጥቅዕ’ዩ ዝብል ስግኣት ኣይነበረን። ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ፡ ሰራዊት ደርግ ካብ መላእ ትግራይ ስሒቡ ኣብ ማእከል ኢትዮጵያ ዓሪዱ ብምንባሩ፡ ብምሉኡ ሰራዊት ወያነ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኢትዮጵያ’ዩ ዝነበረ። ብዘይካ ውሑዳት ኣብ ክፍልታት ዝነጥፉ ኣባላት ወያነ፡ ንትግራይ ክከላኸለላ ዝኽእል ሰራዊት ኣይነበረን። እቶም ውሑዳት ኣባላት ወያነ፡ ዝከኣሎም እናገበሩ ከም ዝደናጐ ምስ ገበሩዎ ከኣ፡ ካብተን ኣብ ውግእ ጢዖ ዝተሳተፋ ክልተ በጦሎኒታት ፓራ-ኮማንዶ ናይ ክፍላተ-ሰራዊት 16ን 52ን፡ ሓደ በጦሎኒ ኮማንዶ ህዝባዊ ግንባር፡ ከምኡ’ውን ካብታ ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ዝነበረት ብርጌድ 90 ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ሓንቲ በጦሎኒ፡ ብህጹጽ ብመካይን ተጓዒዘን ብዓዲግራት ኣቢለን ብቐትሩ ዓድዋ ኣተዋ። ሰራዊት ደርግ ድሮ ኣብ ገማግም ዓድዋ በጺሑ ነበረ። ክልተኡ ሓይልታት ኣብ ዓዲ ኣቡን ምስ ተራኸበ ውግእ ተጀመረ። ሰራዊት ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ንሓጺር ግዜ ናይ ምክልኻል ውግእ ድሕሪ ምክያድ ሓያል ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ኣብ መወዳእታ እቲ ሓደገኛ ዝነበረ ውጥን ጸላኢ ፈሸለ። ክፍለ-ጦር 14፡ ከቢድ ክሳራ ወሪድዎ ናብ ዓዲዃላ ክምለስ ተገደደ። ድሕሪ ሓርነት ጢዖ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብ7 መጋቢት ግስጋሰኡ ብምቕጻል፡ ብ8 መጋቢት ንማርሳ ዕዲ፡ 150 ኪሎ ሜትር ሰሜን ካብ ዓሰብ ኣጥቅዐ። ኣተሓሕዛ ጸላኢ ብዙሕ ዝፍለጥ ስለ ዘይነበረ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብገባር ደቂ’ቲ ከባቢ እናተመርሐ እዩ ኣብ መስመር ተዅሲ በጺሑ። ንክልተ ሰዓታት ብዝተኻየደ ናይ ምድርን ባሕርን ዉሁድ መጥቃዕቲ ከኣ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንዕዲ ተቘጻጸራ። ኣብ ውግእ ዕዲ ብረት ጸላኢ ዓጢቘም ዝነበሩ ኤርትራውያን ምስ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ተሓባቢሮም እዮም። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ነቲ ድሮ ዝጀመሮ ስርሒት ብምቕጻል፡ ብ14 መጋቢት ንኣፋምቦ፡ ብ29 መጋቢት ከኣ፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ’ቲ ግስጋሰ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ንምዅላፍ፡ ኣብ ቦርሓኖን ኣርዓኖን - ኣስታት 100 ኪሎ ሜትር ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ካብ ዓሰብ - ዝተጠናኸር ሰራዊት ጸላኢ በርቃዊ መጥቃዕቲ ብምውሳድ፡ ነቲ ቦታታት ተቘጻጸሮ። ጸላኢ ኣብ ቦርዓኖን ኣርዓኖን ክከላኸል ዝወሰነሉ ምኽንያት፡ እቲ ቦታ ጸቢብን ማሕንቘታት ዘለዎን ብምዃኑ እዩ። ኣብ ርእሲኡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ነቲ ብበረኽቲ ጎቦታት ዝተኸበበ ጐላጉል ማብራ ሰጊሩ፡ ክሳውዲ ቦርሓኖን ኣርዓኖን እንተ ሒዙ፡ ዋዴን በይሉልን ንምቍጽጻር ከም ዘይጽገሞ ጸላኢ ተገንዚብዎ ነበረ። ጸላኢ ኣብዚ ውግእ’ዚ ሓይሉ ኣዳልዲሉ እኳ እንተመከተ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት’ውን፡ እተን ንትግራይ ክረድኣ ዝተላእካ በጦሎኒታት ሽሕ’ኳ ዓቕመን ተዳኺሙ እንተ ነበረ፡ ስለ ዝተመልሳኦ፣ ካልኦት ኣርባዕተ ኣጋር በጦሎኒታት እውን ተደሪበናኦ ብምንባረን ብመጠኑ ደልዲሉ ነበረ።   ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ብወገኑ ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ፡ ናብቲ ኣብ ደሴታት ዳህላክ ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ደርግ ማይን ስንቅን ንምብጻሕ ዝተንቀሳቐሳ ሰለስተ መራኽብ ኲናት ኢትዮጵያ፡ ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ደቡባዊ ደንከል ብምጥቃዕ ንሓንቲ ካብተን ዓበይቲ መራኽብ ወቒዑ ኣቃጸላ። ንጽባሒቱ ድማ ኣሃዱታት ጸረ-ነፈርቲ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሚግ 23 ነፋሪት ኲናት ወቒዖም ኣውደቑ። በዚ ትንፋስ ዘይህብ ምዕባለታት’ዚ ዝተናወጸ ስርዓት ደርግ፡ ካብ ከባቢ ዓሰብን ምብራቕ ኢትዮጵያን ኣጋር ሰራዊትን መካናይዝድን ብምድራብ ንዓሰብ ክከላኸል’ዩ ወሲኑ። በዚ ድማ ኣብ ኣስመራ ዝነበረ ክፍለ-ጦር 17 ብነፈርቲ ብህጹጽ ናብ ዓሰብ ከም ዝመጽእ ገበረ። ካብ ኦጋዴን ዶብ ሶማል እውን፡ 45 ታንክታት ዝዓጠቐ መካናይዝድ ክፍለ-ጦር ናብ ደንከል ብምግዓዝ ኣብ ከባቢ በይሉል ዓረደ። በዚ ድማ ሚዛን ሓይሊ ተቐያየረ። ጸላኢ ዝነበሮ ናይ መጓዓዝያን ጥጡሕ መራኸቢ መስመርን ብልጫታት ተጠቒሙ ገዚፍ ሓይሊ ክድርብ እንከሎ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ግን ዝወሰኾ ሓይሊ ብተዛማዲ ኣዝዩ ውሑድ ነበረ። ኣብቲ ቅድሚኡ ዝተኻየደ፡ ነዊሕን መሰናኽል ዝበዝሖን ጕዕዞን መረርቲ ውግኣት ምድረበዳን እውን ብዙሕ ሃሊኹ ነበረ።   ወጋሕታ 31 መጋቢት፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ ዋዴ ኣብ ልዕሊ’ቲ ዝተጠናኸረ ሓይሊ መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ጸላኢ ኣብ ሰንሰለታዊ ጎቦታት ዋዴ ነኺሱ ምውራድ ኣበየ። ብፍላይ መበል 17 ክፍለ-ጦር፡ ኣብ ብዙሕ ቦታታት ምስ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ዝገጠመ ምኩር ሰራዊት ብምንባሩ፡ ብርጌዳቱ እናቐያየረ ኣትሪሩ መከተ። ንሰለስተ መዓልታት ከኣ፡ ደማዊ ውግእ ቀጸለ። እቲ ኩነታት ዘሻቕል እናዀነ ስለ ዝኸደ ከኣ ሓደ ከዐውት ዝኽእል ስልቲ ኲናት ክሕንጸጽ ግድን ነበረ። በዚ መሰረት፡ ነቲ ኣብ ዋዴን ከባቢኡን ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ንምድምሳስ፡ በቲ ዝሓሸ መንቀሳቐሲ ቦታ ዝነበሮ ጸጋማይ ወገን ታንክታት ከሕልፍ ዝኽእል መገዲ እናዲኻ፡ ኣጋር ሰራዊትን ታንክታትን ብምእታው፡ ነቲ ቀንዲ ናይ ዕደላ መስመሩ ዋዴ-በይሉል ቈሪጽካ፡ ብኹሊት ንምህራሙ ተወጠነ። ብ2 ሚያዝያ ከኣ፡ 6 ታንክታት፡ ሓንቲ በጦሎኒ ፓራኮማንዶን በጦሎኒ ረሻሽን ናይ ኩሊት መጥቃዕቲ ከፈታ። ጸላኢ ብዘይገመቶ ኣንፈት፡ ተዅሲ ምስ ተኸፍቶ ቀልጢፉ ዝርግርግ ኣተዎ። ብድሕሪ’ዚ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ናብቲ ጽንኩር ከም ዝኸውን ድሮ ተገሚቱ ዝነበረ ውግእ በይሉል ኣተወ። እታ ካብ ዓሰብ 60 ኪሎ ሜትር ርሒቓ እትርከብ፡ ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ዝተደኮነት በይሉል፡ ብጽዑቕ ገረብ ዓርኮብኮባይ ዝተሸፈነት እያ። እቲ ጽዑቕ ኣግራብ ግን ንዘጥቅዕ ሓይሊ ኣጸጋሚ ነበረ። እንተዀነ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ብልጫታቱ ክጥቀመሉ ኣይከኣለን። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ብ6 ሚያዝያ ንበይሉል ኣጥቂዑ ተቘጻጸራ። ጸላኢ ከኣ፡ ካብ በይሉል ንደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ኣብ ዝርከብ ገዛኢ ቦታታት ሒዙ መከላኸሊ መስመሩ ኣደልደለ። ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብወገኑ፡ በይሉል ድሕረኡ ገይሩ፡ መከላኸሊ መስመር መስረተ። ካብ 9 ሚያዝያ ክሳብ 25 ግንቦት 1991 ድማ፡ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ግስጋሰ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ዓጊቱ ካብቲ ቦታ ከምዝርሕቕ ብምግባር ዓሰብ ንምድሓን፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብወገኑ፡ ዓሰብ ንምሓዝ ዘኽእሎ ኣገደስቲ ቦታታት ንምቍጽጻር ንኣስታት ወርሕን ክልተ ቅነን ናይ ምርብራብ ውግኣት ቀጸለ።   ሓደ ካብ ዕላማታት ወፍሪ ደንከል፡ ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ ሓይሉን ኣቓልቦኡን ከም ዝመቓቐል ገይርካ፡ ካብቲ ኣብ ግንባራት ደቡብን ጊንዳዕን ኣሰሊፍዎ ዝነበረ ክፍለ-ጦራት ናብ ደንከል ከም ዝግዛዕ ብምግባር፡ ንናይ መጨረሽታ ደምዳሚ ኲናት ምቹእ ኩነታት ምፍጣር ነበረ። ከምቲ ዝተወጠኖ ድማ ደርግ፡ ንክፍለ-ጦራት 17፡ 22፡ 21 ከምኡ’ውን ሓያለ ብርጌዳት ፍሉይ ኮማንዶ፡ መካናይዝድን ካልኦት ወሃብቲ ደገፍ ኣሃዱታትን በብተራ ናብ ደንከል ኣግዓዞም። ብዘይካ’ዚ፡ ነቲ ናብ ውሽጢ ኢትዮጵያ ዝግስግስ ዝነበረ ጥሙር ናይ ወያነን ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ሓይሊ ንምዕጋት፡ ክፍለ-ጦር 14 ንኢትዮጵያ ከም ዝግዕዝ ገበረ። == ወፍሪ ስግረ-ዶብ == ማዕረ-ማዕረ’ዚ ኣብ ኤርትራ ዝካየድ ዝነበረ ውግኣት፡ ኣሃዱታት ወያነ ብመካናይዝድ ክፍለሰራዊት 74 ህዝባዊ ግንባር ደገፍ እናተገብረለን፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኢትዮጵያ ዓበይቲ ወፍርታት የካይዳ ነበራ። ኣሃዱታት መካናይዝድ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 74 ካብቲ ኣብ 1989 ዝተኻየደ ዕዉት መጥቃዕቲ ሽረ ኣትሒዞም፡ ኣብ ጐድኒ ኣጋር ሰራዊት ወያነ ብምስላፍ፡ ኣብ ክፍለ ሃገር ወሎ ኣብ ኣላማጣ፡ ቆቦን ወልድያን ኣብ ዝተኻየዱ ወሰንቲ ዝዀኑ መጥቃዕቲታት ተሳቲፎም ክሳብ ግንባር ውጫለን ደብረታቦርን በጺሖም ነበሩ። መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ 23 ከኣ፡ ኣብቶም ናይ መጨረሽታ ዓበይቲ ወፍርታት ንምስታፍ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ሰሙን ናይ ጥሪ 1991 ናብ ኢትዮጵያ ኣተወ። ምስቶም ኣቐዲሞም ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ዝጸንሑ ኣሃዱታት ኮማንዶ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ብምውህሃድ ከኣ ተልእኾኡ ንምፍጻም ግዜ ከይወሰደ ንሰፊሕ ኲናት ኣብ ምቅርራብ ተጸምደ። መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ 23 ብሓደ በጦሎኒ ታንከኛ፡ በጦሎኒ መድፍዕ፡ በጦሎኒ ረሻሽ ከምኡ’ውን ጸረ-ታንክን ጸረ-ነፈርቲን ሚሳይላት ዝሓዙ ኣሃዱታት ዝቘመ ነበረ። እዚ ኣሃዱ`ዚ፡ ኣብ መስመር ወልድያ-ደብረታቦር ኣብ እትርከብ ሓውሲ ከተማ ገርገራ፡ ንሓደ ወርሒ ዝኣክል ዝዕጠቕ ኣጽዋራት ማለት ታንክታት፡ መዳፍዕን ረሻሻትን ንምድላው፡ ብዘይዕረፍቲ ኣብ ከቢድን ኣህላኺን ዕዮ ተጸሚዱ ኣሕለፎ። ምድላዋቱ ኣጻፊፉ ድማ ተልእኾኡ ክፍጽም ተዳለወ። ብ4 ለካቲት 1991፡ ብኣሃዱታት ስለያ ወያነ፡ ብዛዕባ ኣተሓሕዛ፡ ድልዳለን ዝርጋሐን ዕርድታት ሰራዊት ደርግ፡ ብዝሒን ዓይነትን ኣጽዋር፡ መንነት ኣሃዱታት ጸላኢን መስመራትን ኣንፈታትን መጥቃዕቲ. . . ዓሚቝን ዝርዝራዊን ሓበሬታ ምስ ተዋህቦ፡ ኣብ መበገሲ ቦታኡ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ደረጃ ተጠንቀቕ ከም ዝጸንሕ ተገብረ። ብ20 ለካቲት ድማ ካብ መበገሲ ቦታኡ ተንቀሳቒሱ፡ ንፋስ-ማውጫን ክምር-ድንጋይን ዝተባህላ ንኣሽቱ ከተማታት ሓሊፉ፡ ንየማናይን ጸጋማይን ኣንፈት መጥቃዕቲ ኣብ እትፈሊ ጋሳይ ዝተባህለት ንእሽቶ ዓዲ ኣተወ። ኣብዚ ቦታ’ዚ፡ እቲ ዘጥቅዕ ሓይሊ ናብ ክልተ ክንፍታት መጥቃዕቲ ተመቕለ። ብጸጋማይ ኣንፈት መጥቃዕቲ ዝተመደባ ኣሃዱታት፡ እስቴ ኣብ ዝተባህለ ዓዲ ክበጽሓ እንከለዋ፣ ብየማናይ ኣንፈት መጥቃዕቲ ዝተመደባ ኣሃዱታት ድማ፡ ብደብረታቦር ሓሊፈን ናብታ ቀንዲ መስመር ባህርዳር ጎንደር ዝሓልፈላ ከተማ ወረታ ኣምርሓ።   ብ23 ለካቲት 1991 ሰራዊት ወያነን መካናይዝድን ኮማንዶን ህ.ግ.ን መስመር ባህርዳር ጎንደር ብምቑራጽ፡ ብርቱዕ መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ብጸጋማይ ክንፊ ዝተንቀሳቐሰ ዝዓበየ መካናይዝድ ሓይሊን ኣጋር ሰራዊት ወያነን፡ ኣብ ጎልጎል ሃሙሲት ተገዲመን ምስ ዝጸንሖ ዓሰርተታት ታንክታት፡ ብርቱዕ ናይ ታንክ ብታንክ ግጥም ድሕሪ ምክያድ፡ ኣብኡ ዓሲኪሩ ዝነበረ ገዚፍ ክፋል ሰራዊት ደርግ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ደምሲሱ፡ ብ25 ለካቲት ከተማ ባህርዳር ኣተወ። ብየማን ዝተንቀሳቐሰ ሓይሊ ድማ፡ ካብ ወረታ ንምዕራብ መስመር ጎንደር ሒዙ ንከተማ ኣዲስ ዘመን ተቘጻጺሩ ብምግስጋስ ጎንደር ኣተወ። ብድሕሪ’ዚ ሰራዊት ወያነን ህዝባዊ ግንባርን፡ ኣብ ክፍለ ሃገር ጎጃም ዝርከባ ዱርቤቴ፡ ዳንግላ፡ ቡሬ፡ ፍኖተ ሰላም፡ ኣማኑኤል፡ ፓወ፡ ዝበሃላ ሓውሲ ከተማታት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ንመደበር ታዕሊም ብርሸለቆ ብምሓዝ፡ ክሳብ ዋና ከተማ ክፍለ ሃገር ጎጃም ደብረማርቆስ ዝርከብ ሰፊሕ ቦታታት ተቘጻጸረ። ክሳብ’ቲ ንክፍላተ ሃገር ጎጃምን ሽዋን ዝፈሊ ፈለግ ኣባይ (ሰማያዊ ኒል) ብምግስጋስ ከኣ፡ ኣብ ደጀን ዝተባህለ ቦታ ዓረደ። እዚ “ወፍሪ ቴድሮስ” ዝተሰምየ፡ ንክፍላተ ሃገርን ጎንደርን ጎጃምን ኣብ ትሕቲ ቁጽጽር ወያነ ንምእታው ዝዓለመ ስርሒት ድሕሪ ናይ ክልተ ቅነ ዘየቋርጽ መጥቃዕትታት ብ8 መጋቢት ምሉእ ብምሉእ ሸቶኡ ሃሪሙ ተፈጸመ። ስዒቡ ዝቐጸለ ካልእ ዓቢ ወፍሪ፡ ብቋንቋ ኦሮምኛ ወፍሪ “ቤሉሱማ ወልቄጡማ” (ወፍሪ ማዕረነትን ናጽነትን) ዝተሰምየ ንክፍለሃገር ወለጋ ሓራ ንምውጻእ ዝዓለመ መጠነ ሰፊሕ መጥቃዕቲ እዩ ነይሩ። ናብዚ ወፍሪ’ዚ፡ ሰራዊት ወያነን ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ካብ ቡሬ - ጎጃም እዩ ተበጊሱ። ፈለማ ኣብ ከባቢ’ቲ ንክፍላተ ሃገር ጎጃምን ወለጋን ዝፈሊ ፈለግ ኣባይ ሓያል ውግእ ተኻየደ። ነቲ ፈለግ ድሕሪ ምስጋር ድማ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ ጉተንን ጽገማርያምን ዓስኪሩ ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ድሕሪ ምብትታን፡ ንርእሰ ከተማ ክፍለ ሃገር ወለጋ ነቀምቴ ተቘጻጸረ። ድሕሪ ምትሓዝ ነቀምቴ ሰራዊት ወያነን ህዝባዊ ግንባርን፡ ቀንዲ መስመር ነቀምቴ ኣዲስ-ኣበባ ሒዞም ንቕድሚት ብምግስጋስ፡ ኣብ ፍንጫ፡ ሻምቡ፡ ጌዶን ጉደርን ምስ ሰራዊት ደርግ ብርቱዕ ግጥም ኣካይዶም ክሳብ ከተማ ኣምቦ 125 ኪ.ሜ. ምዕራብ ካብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ በጽሑ።    ብድሕሪ’ዚ፡ “ወፍሪ ዋልልኝ” ዝተሰምየ ንክፍላተ ሃገር ወሎን ሰሜንን ምዕራብን ክፍለ ሃገር ሽዋን ንምቍጽጻር ዝዓለመ ወፍሪ እዩ ተኻይዱ። እዚ ጎድኒ ጎድኒ መጥቃዕቲ ደቀምሓረ ዝጀመረ ወፍሪ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሳልስቲ፡ ነቲ 25,000 ዝግመት ሰራዊት ዝነበሮ፡ ሳልሳይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ ከበባ ኣእትዩ ብምድምሳስ፡ ንከተማታት ደሴን ኮምቦልቻን ኣብ ትሕቲ ቁጽጽር ሰራዊት ወያነን ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ከምዝኣቱ ገበረ። ነቲ ቀንዲ መስመር ሒዙ ንከተማ ደብረዘይት ብምቁጽጻር ከኣ፡ ክሳብ ስንዳፋ በጺሑ፡ ንናይ መወዳእታ መጥቃዕቲ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ድልው ኮነ።   ምፍራስ ግንባር ደቀምሓረን ሓርነት መላእ ኤርትራን ድሕሪ ምድምሳስ ናደው ብ1988 ስርዓት ደርግ፡ ግዜ ሸሚቱ ወተሃደራዊ ምድላዋት ንምግባር፡ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ዝሕሰሞ ዝነበረ ዘተ ሰላማዊ ፍታሕ ክቕበል ተቐሲቡ እዩ። ብኡ መሰረት ድማ ኣቐዲሙ ብመንጎኝነት ካርተር (ፕረዚደን ኣመሪካ ነበር) ርክባት ይካየድ ነበረ። ድሕሪ ምምስራት ግንባር ደቡብ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ደንከልን ማእከል ኢትዮጵያን ዝካየድ ዝነበረ ዝተወሃሃደ መጥቃዕቲታት፡ ስርዓት ደርግ ተስፋ ስለዝቘረጸ፡ ግስጋሰ ሰራዊት ህዝባዊ ግንባርን ወያነን ደው ንምባል ዝነበሮ እንኮ ኣማራጺ ሰላማዊ ዘተ ነበረ። በዚ መሰረት፡ ርክብ ስለዝጠለበ፡ ብመንጎኝነት ናይቲ ሽዑ ኣብ ሚኒስትሪ ጉዳያት ወጻኢ ሓላፊ ጉዳያት ኣፍሪቃ ዝነበረ ሀርማን ኮሀን፡ ኣብ መንጎ ህ.ግ.፡ ወያነን ግንባር ሓርነት ኦሮሞን በቲ ሓደ፡ ስርዓት ደርግ ድማ በቲ ካልእ፡ ን25-26 ግንቦት 1991 ኣብ ለንደን ዘተ ሰላም ክካየድ ቈጸራ ተታሕዘ።  እዚ ቆጸራ’ዚ ተታሒዙ እንከሎ፡ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ብ19 ግንቦት 1991 ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ዕላማ ናይቲ መጥቃዕቲ፡ ንደቀምሓረን ከባቢኣን ተቘጻጺርካ፡ ኣብ ሰሓርቲ ብምዕራድ፡ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ብከቢድ ብረት ፍጹም ኣልሚስካ፡ ንሎጀስቲካዊ ቀረብ ሰራዊት ደርግ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ብምዕጻው፡ ኣብ ዘተ ሰላም ለንደን ላዕለዋይ ኢድ ሒዝካ ምእታው፡ ውጽኢት ናይቲ መጥቃዕቲ ገምጊምካ ድማ፡ ንናይ መጨረሽታ መጥቃዕቲ  ኣስመራ ድልው ምዃን ነበረ። == ኣሰላልፋ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ == === ቅድሚ ውግእ ዝነበረ ዓቕሚ ጸላኢ === ቅድሚ ውግእ ምጅማሩ ኣብ ግንባር ደቡብ ደርግ፡ ኣርባዕተ ብርጌዳት ናይ 10^ይ ክፍለ-ጦር ምስ ሓደ ኮማንዶ ሻለቃ፣ 2^ይ መካናይዝድ ክፍለ-ጦር ምስ ፍሉይ ኮማንዶ ብርጌድ፣ ክፍለጦር 18፡ ምስ ሓደ ኮማንዶ ሻለቃ፣ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ 29፣ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድ 16፣ ከምኡ’ውን 3^ይ ሞቶራይዝድ ክፍለ-ጦር ምስ ሓደ ፍሉይ ኮማንዶ ብርጌድን ሓደ ኮማንዶ ሻለቃን ኣሰሊፉ ነበረ። ኣብ መስርሕ’ቲ ውግእ ጸላኢ፡ ንተራራ ክፍለ-ጦር 19 ካብ ኣስመራ፡ ክልተ ብርጌዳት ናይ ክፍለ-ጦር 21 ካብ ዓሰብ፡ ክልተ ብርጌዳት ሓለዋ ከባቢ ኣስመራ (ኣዙጥ - ኣስመራ ዙርያ ጥበቃ)፡ ሓደ ብርጌድ ናይ ክፍለ-ጦር 29 ካብ ግንባር ከረን፡ ሓደ ብርጌድ ካብ ከባቢ ምሕላብ፣ ከምኡ’ውን “ዮሃንስ”ን “ካሌብ”ን ዝተባህሉ ብተጋሩ ምሊሻ ዝቘሙ ክልተ ብርጌዳት፡ ሚሊሻ ስርናይ ኤርትራን ካልኦት ሻለቃታትን ናብቲ ግንባር ደረበ። ትግራይ ካብ ስርዓት ደርግ ሓራ ምስ ኰነት፡ እቶም ናይ ትግራይ ሚሊሻ ምስ ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት ደርግ ተሰሊፎም ኣንጻር ህዝባዊ ግንባር ከም ዝተዋግኡ ይፍለጥ። እዞም ዕጡቓት ሚሊሻ፡ ኣሉላ፡ ዮሃንስ፡ ካሌብ ዝብል ኣስማት ነበሮም። እቶም ኤርትራዊያን ሚሊሻ ከኣ ዘርኣይ ደረስ፡ ኣሰፋስላምሳ፡ ኣብርሃ ዶቦጭ ተባሂሎም ይጽውዑ ነበሩ። ኣብዚ ወሳኒ ግጥም’ዚ ጸላኢ ዓጢቕዎ ዝነበረ ኣጽዋር፡ ልዕሊ 20 ናይ 130 ሚሊ ሜትር መድፍዕ፡ ኣስታት 60 ናይ 122 ሚሊ ሜትር መድፍዕ፡ ሸሞንተ ቢ.ኤም 21፡ ዓሰርተክልተ ቢ.ኤም 24፡ ኣስታት 60 ታንክታት፡ ሞርታራት፡ ዓበይትን ማእከሎትን ረሻሻት፡ ጸረታንክ ሚሳይላት፡ ነፈርቲ ውግእን ሄሊኮፕተራትን ዘጠቓልል ነበረ። ኣብ ርእሲ’ዚ መከላኸሊ መስመር ጸላኢ፡ ንኣስታት ሓደ ዓመት ዝተዓርደ ስለ ዝነበረ፡ ብኣዝዩ ብዙሕ ነተጕቲ ዝተሓጽረን ብቐሊሉ ዘይስገርን ነበረ። ==== ኣሰላልፋ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ==== ኣብዚ መድረኽ’ዚ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብዓቕሚ ሰብን ኣጽዋርን፡ ካብ ቅድሚኡ መድረኻት ብተዛማዲ ዝደልደለ  ብምንባሩ ኣቃውማኡ ናብ ደረጃ ኮራት ደይቡ ነበረ። በዚ መሰረት ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ዓሪደን ዝነበራ ክልተ ኮራት፣ ንክፍላተ ሰራዊት 52ን 96ን ዝሓዘት ኮር 381፡ ንክፍላተ-ሰራዊት 70ን 16ን ዝሓዘት ኮር 491 ነበራ። ካብ ኮር 271 ከኣ ክፍለሰራዊት 85 ካብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕ ተሳሒባ ኣብ ድሮ’ቲ መጥቃዕቲ ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ተሰለፈት። ብኣጠቓላሊ ኣብዚ ግንባር’ዚ ዝተሰለፋ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ግንባር፡ ኣርባዕተ ክፍላተ-ሰራዊት ኰይነን፡ ክልተ መካናይዝድ ብርጌዳት ማለት ብርጌድ 73 ብርጌድ 34 ናይ መካናይዝድ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 74፡ ኣብ ብምሉኡ’ቲ ግንባር ተዘርጊሐን ነበራ። ብዘይካ’ዚ ካብ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16ን 85ን ሓሓደ በጦሎኒ ኣብ ግንባር ዓሰብ ክስለፋ እንከለዋ፡ ካብ ብርጌድ 49 ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 96 ክልተ በጦሎኒ፡ ምስ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 ተደሪበን ኣብዚ ግንባር ተሳተፋ። ብዓቕሚ ኣጽዋር ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ 12 ናይ 130 ከምኡ’ውን 40 ናይ 122 ሚሊ ሜትር መዳፍዕ፣ ቢ.ኤም 21 ወንጫፊ ሮኬት ከምኡ’ውን 45 ዝዀና ታንክታት፡ ብብዝሒ ሞርታራት፡ ረሻሻት፡ ጸረ-ታንክን ጸረ-ነፈርትን ሚሳይላት፡ ካልእ ኣጽዋራትን ኣሰሊፉ ነበረ። ===== ውጥን መጥቃዕቲ ===== ውጥን ናይቲ መጥቃዕቲ ብመንጽር ኣሰላልፋ ኣሃዱታት ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ነበረ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 ካብ ሰሰብ ክሳብ ከባቢ ሕረት ብምጥቃዕ፡ ብየማናይ ጫፍ ክሳብ ሰፈር-ኣጣልን መጻሉን ክትበጽሕ፣ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85፡ ካብ ከባቢ ሕረት ክሳብ ዓዲሃርም ዘሎ ቦታታት ጸላኢ ተቘጻጺራ፡ ነቶም ኣገደስቲ ጎቦታት ዓዲሃርምን ከባቢኡን ብምሓዝ ናብ ጐልጎል ሓመስ ክትቅልቀል። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ኣብ ከባቢ ዓዲሃርም ምስ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ተራኺባ ንጎቦታት እራርን ጉራዕን ብምሓዝ ዓዲ-ጐልጎል ክትቈጻጸር። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ካብ ጉራዕ ንጸጋም ከባቢ ውጡሕ፡ ትኹልን ጸጓሮን ተቘጻጺራ ንቕድሚት ክትቅጽል። ብሸነኽ የማን ድማ ኣብ ግንባር ዓላ-ዓዶሮሶ ዝነበራ ኣሃዱታት፡ ኣብ ቅድሚአን ዝጸንሐ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ጸራሪገን ማዕረ’ቲ ከባቢ ደቀምሓረ ዝበጽሐ ኣሃዱታት ክኣስራ፡ ደቀምሓረ ምስ ተታሕዘት ከኣ ብሸነኽ ምብራቕ ምስኡ ለጊበን ናብ ዝባውንቲ ኣውልዕ ጾሩ ከምርሓ ዝብል ነበረ። ቀዳማይ ገጽ መጥቃዕቲ ክልተ መድረኻት ነበሮ። ቀዳማይ መድረኽ፡ ንክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16ን 85ን ከምኡ’ውን 52 ብሓባር ዝምልከት ቀንዲ ዕማም ኰይኑ፡ ኣብ ከባቢታት ሰሰብ፡ ኣፈልባ፡ ሕረት፡ ዓዲ-ሃርም፡ እራርን ጉራዕን ዝርከብ ኣገደስቲ ቦታታት ክቈጻጸራ። ካልኣይ መድረኽ፡ ንክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ጥራይ ዝምልከት ኰይኑ፡ ተልእኾ ቀዳማይ መድረኽ ምስ ተፈጸመ፡ ካብ ጉራዕ ንጸጋም ዘሎ ቦታታት ብፍላይ ከባቢ ውጡሕ ኣጥቂዑ፡ ንጸጓሮ ክቆጻጸር ዝብል ነበረ።   መስርሕ ውግእ በዚ ዝተጠቕሰ ሓፈሻዊ ውጥን መሰረት መጥቃዕቲ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ፡ ሰንበት 19 ግንቦት 1991 ሰዓት 10፡00 ቅድሚ ቐትሪ ጀመረ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 በቲ ዝተዋህባ መደብ መሰረት፡ ንሰሰብ ገማግም ሰፈር-ኣጣልን ኣፈልባን ተቘጻጸረት። ኣብ መስመር መጥቃዕቲ ናይዛ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት ኣብ ዝተወሰነ ቦታ፡ ማለት ኣብ ናይ ሓንቲ በጦሎኒ ቦታ፡ ጸላኢ ተሪሩ ምሕላፍ ስለዝኸልኣ፡ ብየማነ ጸጋም ከም እትሓልፍ ብምግባር ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ኣብ ማእከል ተቘሪጹ ከም ዝተርፍ ተገብረ። == ውዕሎ 20 ግንቦት == ንጽባሒቱ ኣብ ዝተገብረ ውግእ፡ በቲ ኣቐዲሙ ዝወጸ ውጥን መጥቃዕቲ መሰረት፡ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ቦታአን ሒዘን ስለ ዝጸንሓ፡ ቀዳማይ ድፋዕ ጸላኢ ብምፍራስ፡ ምዕራብ ካብ ትኹል ንዝርከብ፡ ጸላኢ ረዳት ከምጽኣሉ ዝኽእል ኣገደስቲ ቦታታት ከባቢ ኮርባርያ ተቘጻጺረን ሓደራ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ካብቲ ዝሓደረቶ ጉራዕ ተበጊሳ፡ ንጸጋም ወገን ብምንቅስቓስ ሰዓት 11፡ 00 እንዳ-ኣመሪካ ተቘጻጸረት። ግስጋሰኣ ብምቕጻል ፍርቂ መዓልቲ ኣቢሉ ናብ ከባቢ ዓዲጐልጎል ተጸግዐት። በቲ ዝወጸ መደብ መሰረት፡ ሰዓት 17፡00 ጸጓሮ ንምቍጽጻር፡ ካብ ዓዲ-ጐልጎል ንኣምሁር ዝወስድ ጐልጎል ክትቁርጽ ሰሜን ካብ ትኹል ኣብ ዝርከብ ሓጸርቲ ኩጀታት ምስ በጽሐት፡ ጸላኢ ነቲ ከፋት ቦታ መዝሚዙ፡ ብታንክታትን መዳፍዕን ተሰንዩ፡ ነታ ውሽጢ ዝኣተወት ሓንቲ ቦጦሎኒ ናይ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ተሳሃላ፣ ሕማቕ ውጽኢት ከኣ ኣስዓበ። ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16፡ ብየማነን ዝነበራ ካልኦት ኣሃዱታት ገና ስጕምቲ ከይወሰዳ ንበይነን ናብ ዓዲ-ጐልጎል ምእታወን ውጽኢቱ ኣሉታዊ ነበረ። ጸላኢ ብኻልእ ከባቢ ጸቕጢ ስለ ዘይነበሮ፡ ነቲ ዝኣተወ ሓይሊ ኣኽቢቡ ከቢድ ክሳራ ክውረድ ከኣለ። ጸኒሑ፡ ብየማንን ጸጋምን ዝነበራ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ስጕምቲ ምስ ወሰዳ ግን ኣሃዱታት ክፍለሰራዊት 16 ናብ ሸቶአን ክበጽሓ ከኣላ። ጸላኢ፡ ናብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ኣብ ዘውግሐ ለይቲ፡ ነቲ ብኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ዝተታሕዘ ኣገደስቲ ቦታታት ንምምላስ፡ ተራራ ክፍለ-ጦራት 18ን 19ን ከምኡ’ውን መካናይዝድ ብርጌዳትን ካልኦት ኣሃዱታቱን ኣሰሊፉ፡ ብዝተፈላለየ ቦታታት ብፍላይ ከኣ ብወገን ኣፈልባን እራርን ሓያል ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ከካይድ ሓደረ። እንተዀነ ዘምጽኦ ለውጢ ኣይነበረን። እዚ ውግእ’ዚ እናተኻየደ እንከሎ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ኣብቲ ዕለት’ቲ ብመድፍዕ 130 ሚሊ ሜትር ንመዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ኣጽዒቑ ክድብድብ ወዓለ። == ውዕሎ 21 ግንቦት == ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ፡ መጥቃዕቲ ሰዓት 5፡00 ናይ ንግሆ እዩ ጀሚሩ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 ድሕሪ ናይ ውሱን ሰዓታት መሪር ኲናት ንደቀምሓረ ሰዓት 11፡30 ተቘጻጺራ ግስጋሰኣ ብምቕጻል ናብ ደቂናዞ ሓለፈት። እቲ ብቐይሕኮርን ኩርባዝብእን ዝነበረ ኣሃዱታት ግን፡ ነቲ ዝተዋህቦ ዕማም መብዛሕትኡ ዓሚምዎ’ኳ እንተነበረ፡ ብፍላይ ንስትራተጂያዊት ቦታ ብራኸ ነጥቢ1904 ግን ከይተቘጻጸራ ሓደረ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ብወገና፡ ሰዓት 5፡30 መጥቃዕታ ጀሚራ ብጸጋማይ ወገን ዝተፈነወላ ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ጸላኢ ኣምከነት። ዝተወሰና ኣሃዱታት ናይዚ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት፡ ምስ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 ብምዃን ገለ ክፋል ደቀምሓረ ምስ ሓዛ፡ ጸላኢ ብሸነኽ ኣምሁር ካብ ዝነበራ ታንክታት ናብ የማን ብምንቅስቓስ፡ ነቲ  ቅድሚኡ መዓልቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ቦጦሎኒ ናይ ክፍለ ሰራዊት 16 ዝፈጸሞ መጥቃዕቲ ብዝመሳሰል መገዲ ንኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ክጭፍልቕ ተሃንደደ። ኣንፈት ምንቅስቓሱ ብማዕዶ ምስ ተራእየ ከኣ፡ ካብተን ምስ ክፍለሰራዊት 52 ዝነበራ ታንክታትን ጸረ-ታንክን ብቕልጡፍ ኣብታ ብርጌድ ተደሪበን ኣድብየን ከምዝጽበይኦ ተገብረ። በዚ ድማ፡ እቲ ተሃንዲዱ ዝመጸ ታንከኛ ኣሃዱ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ፡ ኣብ ሓንቲ ደቒቕ 4 ታንክታት ተቓጸላኦ። በዚ ዝተሰናበደ ጸላኢ ዝተረፋ ታንክታቱ ንድሕሪት መሊሱ ናብ ኣምሁር ክሰግር ተገደደ። ድሕሪ’ዚ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ምስ ክፍለሰራዊት 52 ብምትእስሳር፡ ደቀምሓረ ሓሊፈን ናብ ታባታት ኣውሊዕ-ጾሩን ደቂናዞን ወጺአን ሓደራ።  ኣብ ወጋሕታ ናይዚ ዕለት’ዚ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ዘጥቅዓሉ ቦታታት ስለዘይጥዓመን ምስቲ ብየማናይ ሸነኽ ዝነበረ ግስጋሰ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ክስጕማ ኣይከኣላን። ጸላኢ ዓጊቱወን ወዓለ። ብየማን ዘጥቅዓ ኣሃዱታት ደቀምሓረ ምስ ኣተዋ ግን፡ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለሰራዊት 16 ቅድመአን ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ ጸራሪገን፡  ብዘይ ብዙሕ መሰናኽል ንጸጓሮን ኣምሁርን ክቆጻጸራ ከኣላ። ብድሕሪ’ዚ ብቕልጡፍ ንቕድሚት ገስጊሰን ካብ ከባቢ ኣውሊዕ-ጾሩ ንሸነኽ ኣድግና ዘሎ ተረተር ቦታታት ሒዘን ሓደራ። ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ካብቲ ዝሓደረትሉ ከባቢ ኮርባርያ ብምብጋስ፡ ንኮርባርያ ሓሊፋ፡ ንመስመር ደቀምሓረ-ተራእምኒ ብምቁጽጻር፡ ንጸጓሮ ንየማን ገዲፋ ንዓራቶን ደንገልን ዘተኣሳስር ብራኸታት ሒዛ ብሸነኽ የማን ምስ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ተኣሳሰረት። ብጸጋማይ ግንባር እዚ መጥቃዕቲ’ዚ እናተኻየደ እንከሎ፡ እቲ ኣብ ደቀምሓረን ትኹልን ዓሪዱ፡ ነቲ ግንባር ሓኒቑ ሒዝዎ ዝነበረ ናይ ጸላኢ መበል 16 ሰንጥቕ መካናይዝድ ብርጌድን፡ መበል 29ን 5ይን 3ይን ሜካናይዝድ ብርጌዳትን መስመር ከይብተኾም ተቐዳዲሞም ብኮርባርያ ኣቢሎም ንተራእምኒ ገጾም ሃደሙ። ብድሕሪ’ዚ እቲ ኣብ ፎርቶ ደቀምሓረ መአዘዚ ኮር 609 መከላኸሊ መስመር ሒዙ ክገጥም ዝፍትን ዝነበረ መበል 18 ተራራ ክፍለ-ጦር ንድሕሪት ስሒቡ መአዘዚኡ ኣብ ወቐርቲ ገበሮ። ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ፡ 21 ግንቦት 1991፡ ኣብ ግንባር ደቀምሓረ፡ ወግእ ብኸምዚ እናቐጸለ እንከሎ፡ መራሒ ደርግ ኮሎኔል መንግስቱ ሃይለማርያም፡ ካብ ሃገር ከም ዝሃደመን፡ መተካእታኡ ድማ ምክትል ፕረሲደንት ዝነበረ ሌተና ጀነራል ተስፋየ ገብረኪዳን ብግዝያውነት ስልጣን ከምዝተረከበን ብማዕከናት ዜና ኢትዮጵያ ተኣወጀ።   == ውዕሎ 22 ግንቦት == ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ክፍለሰራዊት 85 ሰዓት 6፡15 ንግሆ መጥቃዕቲ ብምጅማር፡ ብየማን ኣብ እግሪ ወቐርቲ ዝርከብ ታባታት ሒዙ፡ የማነ-ጸጋም ጽርግያ ከምኡ’ውን ንዓዲ ዛምርን ዝባን ኣንገብን ድሕሪ ምቍጽጻር፡ ኣብ ከባቢ ክሳድ ጉዋን ከባቢ ወርዕዝን በጽሐ። ወርዕዝ ኣዝዩ በሪኽ ቦታን ድልዱል ድፋዓት ዝነበሮን ዕርዲ እዩ። ኣሃዱታት 85 ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ውርዕዝ ንምቁጽጻር ክልተ ግዜ ዘካይድኦ ህጁም ክሰልጠን ስለዘይከኣለ፡ ኣብ ከባቢኡ ክሓድራ ተገደዳ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52፡ መጥቃዕቱ ሰዓት 7፡30 ንግሆ ብደቂናዞ’ዩ ጀሚሩ። ከባቢ ሰዓት 11፡ 00 ከኣ ንወቐርቲ ተቘጻጸረ፡ ብድሕሪ’ዚ ግስጋሰኡ ብምቕጻል ንዓደርዓዳ ክኣቱ ፈተነ። ጸላኢ ሓድሽ ሓይሊ ኣምጺኡ ጸረ-መጥቃዕቲ ስለዝፈነወ ግን፡ ዓደርዓዳ ከይኣተወ ኣብ ጫፍ ናይቲ ዓዲ ዝርከብ ታባታት ሒዙ ክዋጋእ ሓደረ። እዚ እናኾነ ብወገን ሰሳሕ ዝነበረ ኣሃዱታት ናብ ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ዝባውንቲ ወቐርቲ ክወጽእ እንከሎ ብጐላጉል ዝኸደ ከኣ ጋዴን ተቘጻጺሩ ሓደረ።  ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ካብ ተረተር ኣውሊዕ-ጾሩ-ኣድግና ወጋሕታ ተበጊሱ፡ ብዓዲዛምር ገይሩ ካብ ዳምባ ክሳብ ምዕራብ ወርዕዝ ዘሎ ቦታታት ድሕሪ ምቍጽጻር፡ ኣብ ዳምባ ዝርከብ ክልተ ፎርቶታትን ንኣዛይሐን ከባቢኣኡን ብቐሊሉ ብምቁጽጻር ኣብኡ ሓደረ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ካብ ኮርባርያን ከባቢኡን ተበጊሱ፡ ገለ ክፋሉ ንጽርግያ ሽከቲ ቆሪጹ፡ ንመንጉዳ ወገን ክጽጋዕ እንከሎ፡ ገለ ክፋሉ ከኣ ንድባርዋ ዘቆጻጽር ታባታት ዓዲራእሲ ድሕሪ ምሓዝ፡ ምሸት ሰዓት 20፡00 ንድብርዋ ተቘጻጸራ። ገለ ክፋል ኣሃዱታቱ ከኣ ንተራእምኒ ገጸን ኣምርሓ። ይኹን እምበር ተራእምኒ ከይበጻሕካ ኣብ ዝርከብ ጐልጎል፡ ጸላኢ 20 ታንክታትን ብርክት ዝበለ ሰራዊትን ኣሰሊፉ ስለዝነበረ፡ ተዓጊተን ተራእምኒ ከይኣተዋ ሓደራ። == ውዕሎ 23 ግንቦት == ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ክፍለሰራዊት 52 መጥቃዕቱ ሰዓት 5፡30 ናይ ንግሆ ብምጅማር፡ ሰዓት 11፡00 ኣብ ዓደርዓዳን ጉዋን ዝሓደረ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ጸራሪጉ፡ የማነ-ጸጋም ጽርግያ ሒዙ ብምግስጋስ፡ ንዝግብ ተቖጻጺሩ ዓዲ-ሓውሻ ኣብ ቅድሚኡ ገይሩዋ ሓደረ። እቲ ብጋዴን ዝደየበ ኣሃዱታት ድማ ንክሳድ ቀጸላ ሒዙ፡ ኣብኡ ድሕሪ ምጥርናፍ ዝግብ ኣትዩ ሓደረ። ኣብ እግሪ ወርዕዝ ዝሓደረ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85፡ በቲ ዝነበሮ ውሑድ ዓቕሚ ሰብን ሞርታራትን ንወርዕዝ ክቈጻጸር መጥቃዕቲ እኳ እንተፈነወ፡ ብሸነኽ ጸጋም ከይተራእየ ዝጸንሐ ሓደ ሻለቃ ጸላኢ ብጎድኒ ከጥቅዖ ስለዝፈተነ፡ መደቡ ከይሰለጦ ንድሕሪት ተመልሰ። ጸኒሑ ግን ሰቡን ኣጽዋርን ዳግም ወዲቡ ዘየላቡ መጥቃዕቲ ብምፍናው ንወርዕዝ ተቘጻጸራ። ኣብ ቅድሚኡ ዝገጠሞ ሓያል ተቓውሞ ናይ ጸላኢ እናመከተ ድማ፡ ንሰራዊት ጸላኢ እናደፍአ ንቕድሚት ብምቕጻል፡ ንእምበይቶ፡ ዓዲቐንሺ ዓደ-ሕደሮምን ተቘጻጸረን። ብምዕራብዊ ሸነኽ ወርዕዝ ዝነበረት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16፡ ወርዕዝ ከይተታሕዘ ክትገብሮ ትኽእል ስለዘይነበረ፡ ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ፡ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 16 ኵነታት ወርዕዝ እናተኸታተላ፡ ኣተሓሕዛአን ከመዓራርያ ኣርፈዳ። ድሕሪ ምትሓዝ ወርዕዝ ከኣ፡ መጥቃዕቲ ብምፍናው ንዓዲቐሺ (ምስ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ብምትሕግጋዝ)፡ ንዓዲ-ሃከፋ፡ ብድሕሪኡ ድማ ዓዶምዘማት ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ወጋሕታ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ ተራእምኒ ኰይኑ ክከላኸል ዝሓደረ ጸላኢ ታንክታቱ ሒዙ ናብ ድባርዋ ኣምርሐ። ነተን ኣብኡ ዝነበራ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ፈንጢሱ ናብ ኣስመራ ክሓልፍ ድማ ዝከኣሎ ፈተነ። በዚ ፈተነ’ዚ ውሑድ ሰራዊትን ሰለሰተ ታንክታትን ናብ ኣስመራ ሓሊፈን እየን። እቲ ዝተረፈ ሰራዊትን ታንክታትን ግን ክሓልፍ ስለዘይክኣለ ተማረኸ።   ድሕሪ’ዚ ገለ ክፋል ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70 ናብ መንደፈራ ብምግስጋስ ሰዓት 13፡00 ቀትሪ መንደፈራ ኣተዋ። ጕዕዞአን ቀጺለን ድማ ዓዲዃላ በጽሓ። ኣብ ዓዲዃላን ከባቢኣን ዝነበረ ሓይሊ ጸላኢ፡ 22 ግንቦት ናብ ትግራይ ክሰግር ኣብ ክሳድ ዒቃ ብሓንቲ ብርጌድ ዞባዊ ሰራዊትን ኣሃዱታት ሃንደሳን ተዓጊቱ፡ ኢዱ ሂቡ ብረቱ ኣራጊፉ ንትግራይ ሰጊሩ ጸንሖም።   እቲ ካብ ድባሩዋ ብሽከቲ ኣቢሉ ንመንጉዳ ዝገስገሰ ኣሃዱታት፡ ቅርጺ መሬት ስለ ዘይሓገዞ ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ መንጉዳ ክቈጻጸር ኣይከኣለን። ይኹን እምበር ገለ ኣሃዱታት ናይዛ ክፍለሰራዊት ለይቲ ንምዕራብ ተዘርጊሐን ዝባን ወጺአን ሓደራ። == ውዕሎ 24 ግንቦት == ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ኵለን ኣሃዱታት በብዝነበራኦ ሸነኽ ተወሃሂደን መጥቃዕተን ብምቕጻል ንቕድሚት ቀጸላ። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 ብዝገስገሰትሉ ኣንፈት፡ ጸላኢ ብዘይገለ ተቓውሞ ክሃድም ስለ ዝጀመረ፡ ገለ ኣሃዱታት የማነ-ጸጋም ጽርግያ ኣስመራ ዓዲ-ሓውሻ ሒዘን ንኩርባእምበይቶ ክድይባ እንከለዋ፡ ከባቢ ሰዓት 11፡00 ከኣ ብሎኮ ጎዳይፍ በጽሓ። ገለ ክፋል ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52፡ ብሸነኽ ዓዲ-ሓውሻን ጸሎትን ኣስመራ ድሕሪ ምእታው፡ ካብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕን ዓዲሮሶን ተደፊኡ ከመጽእ ዝኽእል ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ንምዕጋት ብቕልጡፍ ብማይጭሆት ኣቢለን ናብ ቤትገርግሽን ኣምርሓ። እቲ ካብ ግንባር ጊንዳዕን ዓዶሮሶን ዝተደፍአ ብርክት ዝበለ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ኣብ ቤትገርግሽ ቅሩብ ተቓውሞ ክገብር ፈቲኑ ነበረ። ይኹን’ምበር እዘን ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ብቐሊሉ ተቘጻጸራኦ። ጸላኢ ንኣስመራ ገዲፉ ይሃድም ስለ ዝነበረ ከኣ ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 52 መጥቃዕታ ኣብዚ ዛዘመት። ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 85 ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ዝዀነ ይኹን ናይ ጸላኢ ተቓውሞ ከይገጠማ፡ ኩርባእምበይቶ ንየማን፡ መርሓኖ ንጸጋም ብምግባር ናብ መዕርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ኣተወት። ኣብዚ ዕለት’ዚ ገለ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ-ሰራዊት 70፡ ካብ ሰላዕዳዕሮ ንምዕራብ ዘሎ ቦታታት ተቘጻጸራ። ናብቲ ታንክታት ሒዙ ኣብቲ ቦታ ዕግሽግሽ ክብል ዝጸንሐ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ኢዱ ንክህብ፡ ብሓደ ምሩኽ ደብዳበ ልኢኸን ከኣ እቲ ሰራዊት ምስ ታንክታቱ ከምዝማረኽ ገበራ። ዝተረፋ ኣሃዱታት ከኣ ነቲ ንምዕራብ ገጹ ዝሃድም ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ንምትራፍ ብዳዕሮቓውሎስን ቁሸትን ኣቢለን ናብ ጸዓዘጋ፡ ዓዲገብሩን ደናጉልን ብምንቅስቓስ ብኡ ክሃድም ንዝተፈተነ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ፡ ምስ ንብረቱ ማረኸኦ። እተን ብምዕራብ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ኣስመራ ዝኣተዋ ኣሃዱታት ክፍለ ሰራዊት 70 ብወገነን ንመዓስከራት ትራክ-ሲን ትራክ-ቢን ቁሸትን ብምቁጽጻር መጥቃዕተን ዛዘማ። እተን ንዓዲዃላን ክሳድ-ዒቃን ገጸን ኣቢለን ዝነበራ ኣሃዱታት ከኣ፡ ወጋሕታ 24 ግንቦት፡ ካብ መንደፈራ ተበጊሰን ብመገዲ ዓረዛ፡ ባረንቱ ኣተዋ። ምስተን ኣብኡ ዝጸንሓ፡ ካብ ግንባር ከረን ዝመጻ ኣሃዱታት ብሓባር ክሳብ ተሰነይ ብምቕጻል ድማ ተበታቲኑ ናብ ሱዳን ገጹ ዝሃድም ዝነበረ ኣስታት 80 ሽሕ ሰራዊት ደርግ ማሪኸን ዕማመን ዛዘማ። እቲ ብግንባር ደቀምሓረ ዝጀመረ፡ ዛዛሚ መጥቃዕቲ በተን ኣብቲ ግንባር ተመዲበን ዝነበራ 4 ክፍላተ-ሰራዊት ማለት 16፡ 52፡ 70፡ 85 ምስ መካናይዝድ ብርጌዳት 73ን 34ን ካልኦት ደገፍቲ ኣሃዱታትን ዝተኻየደ፡ ዕዙዝ ኣበርክቶ ሓፋሽ ህዝቢ ዝነበሮ እዩ። 23 ግንቦት ጸላኢ ንኣስመራን ከረንን ገዲፉ ክሃድም ኣንፈቱ ናብ ተሰነይ ምስ ኣቕንዐ፡ ኣብ ግንባር ከረን ዝነበራ ኣሃዱታት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት፡ ናብ ከባቢ ሓሊብ-መንተል ብምንቅስቓስ ብድብያ ብዝሒ ዘለዎ ሰራዊትን ኣጽዋርን ጸላኢ ከትርፋ እንከለዋ፡ ገሊአን ንከባቢ፡ ባረንቱ ተሰነይ ብምሕላፍ ብርክት ዝበለ ሰራዊትን ኣጽዋርን ኣብ ምምራኽ ልዑል እጃም ኣበርኪተን እየን። ብዘይካ’ዚ ኣብ ባረንቱ ዝነበሩ ኣባላት ወተሃደራዊ ሃንደሳን ካልኦት ናይ ክፍልታት ተጋደልቲን፡ ነቲ ዝሃድም ዝነበረ ሰራዊት ንምምራኽን ንብረቱ ንምትራፍን ዓቢ ኣበርክቶ ገይሮም እዮም። ኣብ ጽባሕ ምትሓዝ ኣስመራ፡ ብ27 ግንቦት 1991 ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ ትሕቲ ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ንዝነበረት  ዓሰብ ንምቍጽጻር ተበግሶ ወሰደ። እዚ ምስቲ ኣዲስኣበባ ንምቍጽጻር ዝካየድ ናይ መወዳእታ መጥቃዕቲ ማዕረ ክስጕም እዩ ተወጢኑ። ሰራዊት ጸላኢ ተሪሩ ክምክት ስለዘይክኣለ ግን፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ መዓልቲ ዓሰብ ተቘጻጸረ። ኣብታ ከተማ ዝነበረ ዝበዝሕ ሰራዊት ክማረኽ እንከሎ፡ ዝተረፈ ድማ ንጅቡቲን የመንን ሃደመ። ማዕረ ማዕረ’ዚ ሰራዊት ወያነ ብታንክታትን ከበድቲ ኣጽዋርን ህዝባዊ ግንባር ተሰንዩ፡ ናብ 28 ግንቦት 1991 ኣብ ዘውግሐ ለይቲ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ንምቁጽጻር መጥቃዕቲ ፈነወ። ብዘይካ’ቲ ኣብ ቀጽሪ ቤተ መንግስቲ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ንታንከኛታት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ዝገጠሞም መጠናዊ ተቓውሞ ድማ፡ ሰራዊት ወያነን መካናይዝድን ኮማንዶን ሰራዊት ህዝባዊ ግንባርን፡ ኣብ ረፋድ ናይ 28 ግንቦት 1991 ርእሰ ከተማ ኢትዮጵያ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ብዘይ ብዙሕ ተቓውሞ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ተቘጻጸሩዋ። ኣብ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት መግዛእቲ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ኣብዚ መወዳእታ እዋን፡ ብዝሑ ልዕሊ 130,000 ይበጽሕ ነበረ። ኣብ ግጥም ግንባር ደቀምሓረ ተሳዒሩ ክበታተን ምስ ጀመረ ከኣ፡ ካብቲ ሰራዊት እቶም ኣስታት 80 ሽሕ ኣብ መገዲ ከረንን ባርካን፡ ኣስታት 21 ሽሕ ኣብ ክሳድዒቃ፡ ኣስታት 13 ሽሕ ኣብ ኣስመራን ከባቢኣን፡ ብጠቕላላ፡ ልዕሊ 114 ሽሕ ሰራዊት ተማረኹ። ዝተረፉ ኣስታት 16 ሽሕ ከኣ ኣብቲ ውግእ ሞቱ። እቶም ምሩኻት ድማ፡ ሽዑ ንሽዑ ምሕረት ተገይሩሎም ናብ ዓዶም ተፋነው። ብወገን ኣጽዋር፡ ብዘይካ’ቲ ኣብ ውግእ ዝዓነወን ሰለስተ ንሱዳን ዝኣተዋ ታንክታትን ገለ መካይንን፡ ኵሉ ኣጽዋርን ንብረትን ካልኣይ ኣብዮታዊ ሰራዊት ማለት፡ 200 ታንክታት፡ 50 ናይ 130 ሚሊ ሜትር መድፍዕ፡ 171 ናይ 122 ሚሊ ሜትር መድፍዕ፡ 44 ቢ.ኤም-21፡ 18 ቢ.ኤም-24፡ 127 ዙ-23፡ 1038 ሞርታራትን ካልኦት ብርክት ዝበሉ ማእከሎትን ፈኮስትን ኣጽዋራት ኣብ ኢድ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ሓርነት ኤርትራ ኣተወ። እቲ ን30 ዓመታት ዝተኻየደ መሪር ብረታዊ ቃልሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ድማ፡ በዚ ኣንጸባራቒ ወተሃደራዊ ዓወት’ዚ ከተያ ተገብረሉ። == መወከሲታት == ምንጪ ሓበሬታ፦ ቃለ-መሕትት ጀነራል ስብሓት ኤፍረም መዘክር ጀነራል ፍሊጶስ ወልደዮሃንስ መጽናዕታዊ ሓበሬታ ሌተና ኮሎኔል ሙሴ ገብረትንሳኤ መጽሔት “ሳግም”፡ ህ.ግ.ሓ.ኤ፡ ሕታም ቍ.2 1990፡ ቍ.3 1990፡ ቍ.4 1991፡ ቍ.5 1991 “ፈንቅል” ዛንታታት ተሞኲሮ ገድሊ ቅጺ 3፡ ኣሕተምቲ ሕድሪ 2015 <references group="ሓፈሻዊ መወከሲታት" responsive="" /> # ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ # ወተሃደራዊ ዝምድና ኤርትራ–ኢትዮጵያ # ምግንጻል ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ # ኣብ ተገንጸልቲ ናዕቢ ዝተመርኮሰ ውግኣት ሓድሕድ # መበል 20 ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ ኤርትራ # ሊብያ ዘሳትፍ ውግኣት # ኩባ ዘሳትፍ ውግኣት # ኢትዮጵያ ዘሳትፍ ውግኣት # ሕብረት ሶቭየት ዘሳትፍ ውግኣት # ንኤርትራ ዘሳተፈ ውግኣት # ግዝኣታትን ህዝብታትን ኣፍሪቃ ዘሳትፍ ውግኣት # ኣመሪካ ዘሳትፍ ውግኣት # ውግኣት ውግኣት # ወተሃደራዊ ታሪኽ መበል 20 ክፍለ ዘመን # ወተሃደራዊ ታሪኽ ኤርትራ # ወተሃደራዊ ታሪኽ ኢትዮጵያ # ውግኣት ናጽነት mcl54658j0r357om1vtrktbs8tg5ylq 0 4887 20435 2020-03-09T12:25:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ]] to [[ኣመሪካ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣመሪካ]] fukg6l1aqzjidzkj755ev55xoe15sb3 0 4888 20876 20452 2020-08-09T01:00:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Changed redirect target from [[አርጀንቲና]] to [[ኣርጀንቲና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣርጀንቲና]] l23l2h4aod32bkqydat31ex4klmqnc4 0 4889 20456 2020-03-15T18:39:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቺሌ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቺሌ]] 0k8oeo3uvzc0gdj01jn4p18zjteygnj 0 4890 20457 2020-03-15T18:40:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቺሌ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቺሌ]] 0k8oeo3uvzc0gdj01jn4p18zjteygnj 0 4891 20458 2020-03-15T18:41:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቺሌ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቺሌ]] 0k8oeo3uvzc0gdj01jn4p18zjteygnj 0 4892 20459 2020-03-15T21:47:34Z Nimrod Mensur 6402 Created by translating the page "[[:chr:Special:Redirect/revision/42562|ᏩᏯᏄᎸ ᏪᏌ]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300" | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#D3D3A4;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="200px" |<big><big><big>'''ቺታ'''</big></big></big> <br /><br /> ''እንስሳ'' |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[File:TheCheethcat.jpg|375x375px]] |- |'''ስም''' |[[ቺታ]] |- |'''ነገር''' |[[እንስሳ]] |- |'''ዓይነት''' |ዓይነት ድሙ |- |'''ናህሪ''' |93 ኪሜ/ሰ |} <big>[[ቺታ]]</big> <big>ኣታ '''ዝነሃረት''' እንስሳ ኣብ ዓለም እያ። ቺታ ብብዝሒ ኣብ [[ኣፍሪቃ]]ን [[ኢራን]]ን ትርአ እንስሳ እያ። ቺታ ብውሑድ 93ኪሜ/ሰ ክትጎዪ ትኽእል።</big> {{Reflist}} bvzb6qm96mo0dr0ojuwgkw4fty4af80 0 4893 24016 21331 2022-11-24T18:35:44Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg with [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador_original_version.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: splitting versionhistory). wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ | ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ሪፓብሊክ ኤኳዶር</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República del Ecuador}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Ecuador.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Ecuador original version.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Dios, Patria y Libertad''<br />(''«ኣምላኽ፣ ዓደቦን ናጽነትን»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''¡Salve, oh patria!''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Salve, Oh Patria.oga | ምስሊ_ካርታ = ECU orthographic.svg | ርእሲ_ከተማ = [[ኪቶ]] [[ፋይል:Coat of Arms of Quito.svg|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ሽም_መራሒ1 = [[ለኒን ሞረኖ]] | ሓጋጊ_ኣካል = ሃገራዊ ባይቶ | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ምእዋጅ<br /> &nbsp;• ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />&nbsp;• ካብ [[ዓባይ ኮሎምብያ]] | ዕለታት_መሰረት = <br />10 ነሓሰ 1809 <br />24 ግንቦት 1822<br />13 ግንቦት 1830 | ናይ_ሰባት_ዜግነት = ኤኳዶራዊ/ -ት<br /> ኤኳቶርያዊ/-ት | ሰፊሕ_መሬት = 256370 | ሰፊሕ_መሬት_ቦታ = 78 | ሰፊሕ_ማይ = 5 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 17589674 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ኣመሪካዊ ዶላር]] ($) | ናይ_ግዜ_ዞባ = UTC -5 ክሳብ UTC-6 | ናይ_ኢንተርነት_ዓውዲ = .ec | ተለፎናዊ_ኮድ = +593 }} '''ኤኳዶር''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦ ''Ecuador'')፣ ወግዓዊ '''ሪፓብሊክ ኤኳዶር''' (ብስጳንኛ፦ ''República del Ecuador'')፣ ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ናይ ደቡባዊ ኣመሪካ እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሲ ከተማ]] [[ኪቶ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ኤኳዶር]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ሃገራት መዋቕራት]] 5pymfezbj11ghpn444ua4lnnlzp4r9e 0 4894 20462 2020-03-16T08:05:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኤኳዶር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኤኳዶር]] pehgql26rtazrxtw4h4h0y1iwu6vsvg 0 4895 20463 2020-03-16T08:06:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኤኳዶር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኤኳዶር]] pehgql26rtazrxtw4h4h0y1iwu6vsvg 0 4896 24057 24056 2023-01-13T06:58:19Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Detailed SVG map of the Hispanophone world.svg|frameless|right|upright=2]] '''ስጳንኛ''' (''español'' /ኤስፓኞል/) ወይ '''ካስቲልያንኛ''' (''castellano'' /ካስተያኖ/) ካብ ላቲን ናይ ደረሰ ካብ ቋንቋ ሮማንስ [[ሓደ]] እዩ። ካብ 483 ሚልዮን ንላዕሊ ተዛረብቲ በሉ። 00bscv2p6u0j9d3eytzaenlprrrwy5v 0 4897 20967 20470 2020-08-17T00:18:30Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 4898 24437 24429 2023-07-30T04:39:24Z Wutsje 733 rv cross wiki Vladimir Yevtushenkov spam, see https://xtools.wmcloud.org/globalcontribs/84.54.122.240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} [[File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg|thumb|300x300px|19 መጋቢት 2020 ጀሚሩ ዝተረጋገጸ ጉዳያት ዘርእይ ካርታ]] ናይ '''2019-2020 ኮሮናቫይረስ ለበዳ''' ከቢድ ድማ ህጹጽ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ኣካላት ሕማም ኣምጸአ ብኾነው [[ሳርስ-ኮቭ-2]] (SARS-CoV-2) ቫይረስ ምኽንያት ናይ ተፈጥረ ናይ ኮሮናቫይረስ ሕማም '''[[ኮቪድ-19]]''' (COVID-19) ለበዳ እዩ። ለበዳ ኣብ መጀመርታ ጊዜ ናይ ጸብጸበ ብቻይና፣ ዉሃን፣ ሁቤ ውሽጢ ብታሕሳስ 2019 ነበረ። ናይ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም ብመጋቢት 11 መዓልቲ 2020 ብሕማምውን ናይ ለበዳ ደረጃ ኣብ መድረሱን ኣወጀ። ብማእከል መጋቢት 19 መዓልቲ 2020 ክሳብ ህልው ሓበሬታ መሰረት ካብ244 ሽሕ ልዕሊ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ጉዳያት ብ176 ሃገራት ውሽጢ ዝተመዝገበ። ብለብዒ ብቐዳምነት ዝትከተት ሃገራት መንጎ ቻይና፣ [[ኢጣልያ]]፣ [[ኢራን]]፣ [[ደቡብ ኮርያ]] ድማ [[ስፔን]] ይርከብ። == ንመብዛሕትኡ ቀሊል ሕማም ይገብረሉ == ንመብዛሕተኦም ሰባት ሰዓልን ረስንን ዘለዎ ባዕሉ ዝጠፍእ ቀሊል ሕማም ዝገብረሎም ኮይኑ ንገሊኦም ግና ጸገማት ምስትንፋስን ነድሪ ሳምቡእን (ኒሞንያን) ዘለዎ ብርቱዕ ሕማም ይገብረሎም። እቲ ቫይረስ ምስ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ቀረባ ምርኻባት ምስ ዝህሉ ወይ ብነጠብጠብታዊ ለብዒ ማለት እቲ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ምስዝስዕል ወይ ሕንጥሸው ምስዝብል ይመሓላለፍ። እቲ ምልክት ሕማም መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ቀሊልን ሓደ ሰብ ምስተለኽፈ ድማ ድሕሪ ኣስታት 5 መዓልትታት ይረአ። እቶም ምልክታት ሕማም ግን ቅድሚ ወይ ድሕሪ ሓሙሽተ መዓልትታት’ውን ክረአዩ ይኽእሉ እዮም።<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200923203006/https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/contentassets/75d92f60a2d7455d95eca65246fec936/faktablad-covid-19-tigrinja.pdf ብዛዕባ እዚ ሓድሽ ቫይረስ ኮረናን ሕማም ኮቪድ-19ን], Folkhälsomyndigheten (CC BY-SA 4.0)</ref>[[File:FHM-Covid-19-Undvik-smitta-a4-tigrinja raster.svg|thumb|upright=1.5| ንባዕልኻን ንኻልኦትን ካብ ለበዳ ሕማም ተኸላኸል|alt=]] == ኮቪድ-19 ሓፈሻዊ ስምዒት ሕማም ዝፈጥር ሓደ ወይ ዝያዳ ካብ’ዞም ዝስዕቡ ምልክታት ሕማም ኣለዎ<ref name=":0" /> == * [[ምስዓል]] * [[ረስኒ]] * ናይ ምስትንፋስ ጸገማት * [[ነድሪ ኣፍንጫ]] * [[ቃንዛ ጒረሮ]] * [[ሕማም ርእሲ]] * ቃንዛ ጭዋዳን ቃንዛ መላግቦ ዓጽምን * ዕግርግር(ቅልሽልሽ) == ንኣረገውቲ ከቢድ ሕማም ክገብረሎም ይኽእል እዩ == ንገሊኦም ግን እቲ ሕማም ጽንኩር ስለ ዝኸውን ጸገማት ምስትንፋስን ነድሪ-ሳንቡእን(ኒሞንያን) ይገብረሎም። እቶም ጽንኩር ሕማም ዝገብረሎም ሰባት መብዛሕተኦም ኣረገውትን ልዕሊ 80 ዕድመ ኣለዎም። ወላ’ውን ሓዳሪ ሕማም ልብን ሓዳሪ ሕማም ሳምቡእን ወይ መንሽሮ ዘለዎም ሰባት ጽንኩር ዝኾነ ሕማም ይገብረሎም እዩ።<ref name=":0" /><br /> == ሕማም == <references /> [[File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_2.0-ti.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ምልክታት]] fvarblkyah9d92eav77r6rzylmav3kk 0 4899 20482 2020-03-24T19:41:09Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ጣልያን]] to [[ኢጣልያ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኢጣልያ]] trnm0otji3lu72rp32sceqopsxtyqlq 0 4900 23300 20486 2021-11-14T05:30:27Z 180.251.145.35 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} [[File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg|alt=|right|387x387px]] '''ኮሮና ቫይረስ ([[እንግሊዝኛ]]፡''' Coronavirus) ክንብል ከለና፣ ኣብ 2019/2020 ዝተረኽበ ዓይነት ህማም ([[ቫይረስ]]) እዩ። ኣብ 2020 ሰብ ኣንቀጥቂጡ ዘሎ ህማም ድማ እዩ። ኮሮና ዋላ'ኳ ቀታሊ ዓይነት ቫይረስ እዩ እንተ በልናዮ፣ ወይ ካብ 80 ዓመት ንላዕሊ ኢኻ፣ ወይ ካልእ [[ሕማም]] ኣለካ። ንኣብነት፣- [[ሽኮርያ]]፣ [[ደም ዋህዲ]]፣ [[ደም ብዝሂ]] ወዘተ። ብዝተረፈ ግን፣ እንተ ተጠንቂክቃ፣ ዝሓዊ ሕማም እዩ። ከም በዓል [[ሕማም ቫይረስ ኢቦላ]] ግን ኣይኮነን። ብኸመይ መጽዩ፣ ብከመይ ክንከላከሎ ንክእል፣ ድማ ቀጺለ ክሕብረኩም እየ። == መምጽኢ ኮሮና ቫይረስ == ኮሮና ቫይረስ፣ ቀንዲ መምጽኢኡ ኡኳ 100% ብከመይ ከም ዝመጸ አንት ደይ ተፈልጠ፣ 92% ግን ካብ [[መንካዕ]] ከም ዝኾነ፣ ተመራመርቲ ኣረጋጊጾም ኣለዉ። ቦታ መምጽኢኡ ድማ፣ ካብ [[ዉሃን]] ዝበሃል ቦታ ኣብ [[ቻይና]] ትርከብ ዓዲ ከም ዝመጸ ተረጋጊጹ ኣሎ። ኣብ ዉሃን፣ ዘይ ሕጋዊ ነገር ስለ ዝገብሩ፣ ንኣብነት ዘይ ግፈፍ ዓሳ ገፊፎም እንዳ በልዑ፣ ድማ ነዚ ቫይረስ ኣብ ዓለም ሕደገኛ ኮይኑ ከም ዘሎ ድማ ጌሮም። ኮሮና ቫይረስ፣ ድሕሪ ነዊሕ ምምርማር፣ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ውን ከምኡ ዓይነት ቫይረስ ከም ዝነበረ ተረጋጊጹ ኣሎ። እቲ ናይ ቀደም ቫይረስ ድማ ማራ ሓደገኛ ኔሩ። እቶም ክልተ ናይ ቀደም ቫይረስ ድማ፣ [[ሳርስ]]፣ [[መርስ]]ን ይበሃሉ። እዚ ናይ 2020 መጽዩ ዘሎ ኮሮናቫይረስ ድማ፣ ኮቪድ19 ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ። ንምንታይ ኮቪድ'''19''' ይበሃል ዝብል ሕቶ እንተ'ለኩም፣ ኣብ 2019 ስለ ዝተረኽበ ሕማም እዩ። * <br />[[File:ኮሮና.png|frameless|350x350px]]<br /> == ኮሮናቫይረስ ከመይ ጌርና ንከናኸኖ == * ካብ 80 ሓሊፍካ፣ ወይ [[ሽኮርያ]] ሓሚምካ ማለት፣ ግድን ትመውት ማለት ኣይኮንካን። ምክንኻን ግን ኣዝዩ ከድልየካ እዩ። ብኸመይ ንከናከኖ እንተ ደኣ ኢልና፣ ኩሉ ግዜ፣ ካብ ዝመጻካ መጺካ ብርሑቅ ይኹን ብቀረባ፣ ኢድካ ብማይን ሳምናን ጌርካ፣ ናስታት 20 ሰከንድ ዝከውን ኣጽሪኻ ክትሕጸቦ ኣለካ። ከምኡ ድማ፣ ሰላምታ ምስ ሰብ፣ ብዝተኻእለካ መጠን ከተቋርጾ ኣለካ። እንተ ተካኢሉ ውን፣ ጠቅላላ ሰላም ኣይትበል። ብጉሩብ ኮንካ በሓንሳብ ኣብ ጽርግያ ምዝዋር ውን ኣዝዩ ሓደገኛ ክከውን ይኽእል እዩ። ብዝተካለካ መጠን ካብ 1,5ሜ ክተራሓሓቅ ክትክእል ኣለካ። ነዚ ብምግባር፣ ኮሮናቫይረስ ከይሕዘካ፣ ክተከናከን ኢኻ። {{DEFAULTSORT:ኮሮና ቫይረስ}} lhrbwr3jh5bhism99764bp27tvqfudd 0 4901 20488 2020-03-29T21:08:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኢጣልያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኢጣልያ]] trnm0otji3lu72rp32sceqopsxtyqlq 0 4902 24002 20492 2022-11-18T12:03:20Z Samsom kiflzghi 8679 ኑኡስ= ኑኡሳን wikitext text/x-wiki ጋላ ነፍሒ ሓንቲ ካብ ኑኡሳን ዞባታት 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scope="row" style="text-align:left; {{{labelstyle|}}}"> {{{label}}}</th><td class="{{{class|}}} {{{classtdh|}}}" style="{{{datastyle|}}}">|<td colspan="2" class="{{{class|}}} {{{classtdh|}}}" style="text-align:center; {{{datastyle|}}}">}} {{{data}}}</td></tr>}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ደገፍቲ ሞደላት|Infobox]]</noinclude> ea0wf7li2p3pziizdyxuowb5zvq8ept 10 4916 21707 21449 2020-12-28T23:38:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Clear]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="clear: {{{1|both}}};"></div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 060d452yk120vrtxr4art9cxhxkyepr 0 4917 22985 20538 2021-08-05T02:47:10Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Location of Kitee in Finland.png|alt=Kitee. Finland|thumb|Kitee. Finland]] [[File:Столовая.jpg|alt=ኪተ ካልአይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ቤት|thumb|ኪተ ካልአይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ቤት]] == '''ከባቢታት''' == ኪተ ናይ ውንጌላዊ ቤተ ቤተ-ክርስትያንን ካልአይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ቤት ብምስራቅ ትርከብ። አብ ኪተ ማእከል ውሽጥይ ናይ ባዕሉ ጸጥ ዝበለ መናፈሻ ቦታ አሎ። ካብ ማእከል ኪተ ናብ ዮንሱ 70 ኪ, ሚ ርሕቀት (ንውሓት) አልወን ፣ ካብ ማእከል ኪተ ናብ [[:en:helsinki|ሄልሲንኪ]] ድማኒ 400 ኪ,ሜ ርሕቀት አለወን፣ ካብ ማእከል ኪተ ናብ ሶርታቫን 100 ኪ,ሜ ርሕቀት አለወን፣ ካብ ማእከል ኪተ ናብ ናይ ድንበር ሞቃረጺ ነጠብጣብ ዞሎ ቫርትሲላ 40 ኪ,ሜ ርሕቀተ አሎወን። == '''ታሪኽ''' == ኪተ የኢቫንደሊካል አገልግሎት ናይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ትምህርቲ ቤት ድጋፍ ማሕበር ዝተቃወመሉ ብ 1943 እ,ኤ,አ ነይሩ። ኮለጅ ንመጀመርታ ጊዜ ዝተጀመረሩ ታሕሳስ ብ 1946 እ,ኤ,አ እዩ። አብ ዝሰርሑሉ እዋን እዚ ኮሌጅ ዝተፈላለዩ ናይ መምሃሪ አቅርቦታት ክምስገኑ ዝግቡኡ እዮም። ካብ አከባቢያቶም እውን አበይቲ መማህር ኮይኖም እዮም። ኣብ ሕጂ እዋን እዚ ኮሌጅ ነዋሕ መሰመራት ውሽጢ እውን 2000 ንላዐሊ ብ ሓጺር ኮርስታት ውሽጢ ናብ 500 ተምሃሮታት ይማሃሩ። == '''መላማመዲ (ልምምድ)''' == ነዊሕ ኮርስታት (ናይ ትምህርቲ ዓመቲዊ - ነዊሕ መስመር) *አስራይ ክፍሊ (ብመስረታዊ ትምህርትን ተወሳኪ ትምህርቲ) *ንስደተኛታት ተወሳኪ ናይ መጀመርያ ደረጃ ቤት ትምህርቲ *ናይ ፊንላንድ ቃላት ቃላት መሰለጠኒ (ስልጠና) **ምንባብን ምጽሓፍን መሰልጠኒ **ናይ ፊንላንድ ቃላት A - ደረጃ (ናይ መጀመርታ ደረጃ 0-A 1.1፣ ዝተዓለመ ደረጃ  A 2.1 - A 2.2) **ናይ ፊንላንድ ቃላት B ደረጃ (ናይ መጀመርታ ደረጃ A 2,2 ዒላማ ደረጃ B.1-B1.2) *ናይ ሞያ ፊንላንድ ትምህርቲ (ናይ ምትሕውዋስ ጊዜ ኦሙን ዝወደኡ ስደተኛታት) *ናይ መሊሱ ምህናጽ፣ ናይ ጨርቅታት ወይ ድማ ናይ ኢድ ስራሕታት *ባዓል ብዙሕ ቃላት ትምህርቲ እውን ዜግነት፣ ባዓል ብዙሕ ትምህርቲ *ሙዚቃ መስመር *ናይ ኣትክልቲ እና ናይ ጎሮ ንድፍ *አብ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ዝተመስረተ *ብንድፊ ሓሳብ እና ብተግባር ስነ-መሎኮት ስነ-ምግባር መሰረታዊ ነገራት *ንህጻናት እና ንወጣታት ብፉሊይ መማህራን ተወሳኪ ብቅዓት *ብኢንፎርሜሽን እና ብኮሙኒኬሽን ቴክኖሎጂ ተወሳኪ ብቅዓት። ንሞያ ብቅዓት መዘጋጀይ ዝዘጋጀ እዚ ኮሌጅ ንዝተከታተሉ ሞያዊ ዲግሪ ናይ ድርጁቱ ስምምዕ አለዎ። *ኣብ ልምዓት ጉድለታት ውሽጢ ተወሳኪ ብቅዓት *ተወሳኪ ናይ ትምህርቲ ደረጃ መምርሒ ** ኣብ ትምህርቲ ቤት ውሽጢ ናይ መላማመዲ ቦታ ናይ ንግሆ እና ድሕሪ ሰዓትን እንቀሳቃሴታት መምርሒ ** ኣብ ቤተ ሰብ ናይ ማዓሊቲ እንኽባካቤ ውሽጢ ናይ ባዓል ሞያ ቦታ ** ኣብ ትምህርቲ መስርሕ ናይ ባዓልሞያ ቦታ ** ኣብ መምርሒ ውሽጢ ናይ ብቅዓት መስርሕ *ብፉሊይ ትምህርቲ እና መምርሒ ውሽጢ ናይ ፉሊይ ባዓልሞያ *ብ ደረጃ ጽሕፈት ቤት እና ቢሪልእሰቴት አገልግሎታት ብተወሳኺ ብቅዓት **ናይ ገዛ ውሽጢ ኣጎልግሎታት ናይ በዓልሞያ ቦታ *ብኢንፎርሜሽን እና ብኮሙኒኬሽን ቴክኖሎጂ ተወሳኺ ብቅዓት ኮሌጅ ብተወሳኺ ሓጸርቲ ኮርስታት እና ዝተፈላለየ ካሞፓኒም የዘጋድ ን ኣብነታት : **ናይ አሮማቴራፒ ትምህርቲ **ናይ ካሊቫላ ናይ ኣባላት መስተካከሊ ኮርስታት **ናይ ኣማሕድራ ትምህርቲ **ናይ ኣረጋዊያን ስልጠና **ናይ ድልየታት ትምህርቲ **ናይ በረድ ካሞፕታት ንህጻናት፣ንወጣታት እውን መንእሰያትን == '''መምህራን''' == ናይ ፎል 2 ይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ቤት ኮርስ ሰፊሕ እዩ ብተወሳኺ ብመማህራን ውሽጢ ዝተፈላለየ በዓል ሞያ አለዉ።ብጣዕሚ ዝፍለጡ ናይ ቀደም ናይ ቤዝቦል ተጻወቲ ፓሲ ፓሪንየን ብተወሳኺ እውን ናይ ሙዙቃ መምህር ፕሌን ዲሞቭ ዝብሃሉ በዓል በዓል ብዙሕ ክእለት ትምህርቲ መምህራን እዩሞ።ንኣብነት ፕሌን ዲሞቭ ኣምሃሪ እውን ናይ ድሕሪት ድጋፍ ንኣብነት ናይ ለይቲ ምኞት ኣቦ ተባሂሎም ይጽዉዐ። ኣብ ኩርናዕ ኣብ ላዕሊ ናይ ዝተመስረተ ናይ ሓጺን ባንዲ መጀመርታ ታራ ቱርየን እና ቱማስ ሆሎፔይንየን። ኣብ ሊውቪሽ ባሕሪ ቫዩሊን ተጻዊቱ እዩ ። ኣገልገልቲ እና አገልግሎታት አብዚ ኮሌጅ ንምጽናዕ፣ ንምምባር እውን ነጻ ጊዜን ንምጥቃም ሙቹው (ጽቡቅ) ቦታ አለዎ። መምሃሪ ክፍልታት በዝግባእ ኩሉ ዘማልእ እዩ ። ንተምሃሮ ናይ መመገቢ ኣዳራሽ አለው ከምኡ እውን ደብሪ ክፍሊቲት እውን መደቀሲ ክፍሊታትእውን መሰርሒ ምግቢ (ክሽኔ) አለዎ። ብተወሳኪ እዚ ኮሌጅ ሳውና ተወሳኪ ድማ ንእተይ መሐንበሲ እውን ናይ ግሊ ገዛ አሎ። አብዚ ኮሌጅ አብ ቀረባ አከባቢ በዙሕ ናይ እስፖርታ ቦታ አሎ ሓድሽ ናይ እስፖርታ መዘናግዒ አሎዎ። [https://web.archive.org/web/20200126221625/http://www.kiteenkansanopisto.fi/in-english Evangelical Folk High School of Kitee] gs4mhs2of0w6jk2jbemlu1mp08zdrc4 10 4918 24020 24019 2022-11-29T22:46:25Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |entity = {{{id|{{{ኣካል|}}}}}} |headertype = |title = {{{ስም|{{{company_name|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}} |titlestyle = color: {{{ሕብሪ_ጽሑፍ|#000}}} |colorbackgroundtitle = {{{ሕብሪ_ኣርእስቲ|{{{ሕብሪ_ድሕረ_ባይታ|#DDD}}}}}} |sectionstyle = background-color:{{{ሕብሪ_ድሕረ_ባይታ|#DDD}}}; color:{{{ሕብሪ_ጽሑፍ|#000}}}; |subtitle = {{Property|P1448|{{{መበቆላዊ_ስም|{{{ብሓባር_ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|}}}}}}}}}|priority=no}} |subtitlestyle =font-size: 85%; background-color: #eaecf0; line-height: 14px; padding: 3px 0px; font-style: italic; |labelstyle = font-size:100%; |datastyle = font-size:100%; |footerstyle = font-size:95% |aboveimage = {{Property|P158|{{{ማሕተም|}}}|priority=no|one=yes}} |aboveimagesize = {{{መጠን_ማሕተም|}}} |abovefooter = {{Property|P158|{{{እግሪ_ማሕተም|}}}|qualifier=P2096|priority=no|one=yes}} |image1 = {{Property|P154|{{{ኣርማ|}}}|priority=no|one=yes|highest rank=yes}} |imagesize1 = {{{መጠን_ኣርማ|}}} |footer1 = {{Property|P154|{{{እግሪ_ኣርማ|}}}|qualifier=P2096|priority=no|one=yes}} |image2 = {{#ifeq:{{Property|P154}}|{{Property|P18}}|{{{ምስሊ|}}}|{{Property|P18|{{{ምስሊ|}}}|priority=no|one=yes|highest rank=yes}}}} |imagesize2 = {{{መጠን_ምስሊ|}}} |footer2 = {{Property|P18|{{{እግሪ_ምስሊ|}}}|qualifier=P2096|priority=no|one=yes}} |section1 = {{#if:{{{ሓታሚ|}}}{{{ቀዳማይ_ርእየት|}}}{{{ፈጣሪ|}}}|ሓበሬታ ምሕታም}} |label2 = [[ሓታሚ]] |data2 = {{Property|P123|{{{ሓታሚ|}}}|<br>}} |label3 = ቀዳማይ ርእየት |data3 = {{{ቀዳማይ_ርእየት|}}} |label4 = ፈጣሪ |data4 = {{Property|P170|{{{ፈጣሪ|}}}}} |section5 = {{#if:{{{ሓታሚ|}}}{{{ቀዳማይ_ርእየት|}}}{{{ፈጣሪ|}}}|<hr>}} |label6 = ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል |data6 = {{Property|P1813|{{{ኣሕጽሮተ_ቃል|{{{ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል|}}}}}}}} |label7 = ካልኦት ኣስማት |data7 = {{{ካልኦት_ኣስማት|}}} |label8 = ዓይነት |data8 = {{Property|P31|{{{ዓይነት|{{{type|{{{company_type|<noinclude>no</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}|text format=lower case}} |label9= ኢንዱስትሪ |data9 = {{Property|P452|{{{ኢንዱስትሪ|{{{industry|}}}}}}|<br>}} |label10= መሰረት |data10 = {{Property|P571|{{{መሰረት|{{{foundation|}}}}}}|priority=no}} |label11= {{#if:{{{መስራቲ|}}}|መስራቲ|መስረትቲ}} |data11 = {{Property|P112|{{{መስራቲ||{{{መስረትቲ|{{{founder|}}}}}}}}}|3=<br/>|priority=no}} |label12= [[ዋና ቤት ጽሕፈት]] |data12 = {{Property|P159|{{{ማእከል_ምምሕዳር|{{{ዋና_ቤት_ጽሕፈት|{{{location|{{{headquarters|}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{#if:{{{location_city|}}}|{{#if:{{{location_country|}}}|1|}}|}}|{{{location_city|}}}&nbsp;({{{location_country|}}})}}|datatype=place}}{{#if:{{Property|P159|qualifier=P969}}|<br />{{Property|P159|qualifier=P969}}}} |label13= ቦታ ስራሕ |data13 = {{Property|P2541|{{{ቦታ_ስራሕ|{{{ዞባ|}}} }}}|<br>|text format=lower case}} |label14= ስፖርት |data14 = {{Property|P641|{{{ስፖርት|{{{sport|{{{ስፖርታዊ_ፍሉይነት|}}} }}} }}}|<br>|text format=lower case}} |label15= ምምሕዳር |data15 = {{{ምምሕዳር|}}} |label16= ፕረዚደንት |data16 = {{Property|P488|{{{ፕረዚደንት|{{{president|}}}}}}|highest rank=yes|one=yes|link=yes}} |label17= ዋና ጸሓፊ |data17 = {{Property|P3975|{{{ዋና ጸሓፊ|{{{ዋና_ጸሓፊ|}}}}}}|one=yes|link=yes}} |label18= {{{ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1|{{{ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ|{{{leader_title|}}}}}}}}} |data18 = {{{ስም_መራሒ1|{{{ስም_መራሒ|{{{leader_name|}}}}}}}}} |label19= {{{ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ2|}}} |data19 = {{{ስም_መራሒ2|}}} |label20= {{{ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ3|}}} |data20 = {{{ስም_መራሒ3|}}} |label21= [[መሪሕነት|ቁልፊ ሰባት]] |data21 = {{Property|P3342|{{{ቁልፊ_ሰባት|{{{key_people|}}}}}}|<br>}} |label22= ምፍራይ |data22 = {{{ምፍራይ|{{{production|}}}}}} |label23= ፍርያት |data23 = {{Property|P1056|{{{ፍርያት|{{{products|}}}}}}|<br>}} |label24= ኣገልግሎታት |data24 = {{{ኣገልግሎታት|{{{services|}}}}}} |label25= እቶት |data25 = {{Property|P2139|{{{እቶት|{{{revenue|}}}}}}}} |label26= ወናኒ |data26 = {{Property|P127|{{{ወናኒ|{{{owner|}}}}}}|priority=no}} |label27= {{{ዓይነት_ኣባላት|ኣባላት}}} |data27 = {{{ኣባላት|{{{membership|}}}}}} |label28= {{{ዓይነት_ተሓባባሪ|ተሓባባሪ}}} |data28 = {{{ተሓባባሪ|}}} |label29= {{{ዓይነት_ተሓባባሪ2|}}} |data29 = {{{ተሓባባሪ2|}}} |label30= {{{ዓይነት_ተሓባባሪ3|}}} |data30 = {{{ተሓባባሪ3|}}} |label31= ሰራሕተኛታት |data31 = {{Property|P1128|{{{ሰራሕተኛታት|{{{num_employees|}}}}}}}} |label32= [[ፌስቡክ]] |data32 = {{#if:{{{ፈይስቡክ|}}}|<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.facebook.com/{{{ፌስቡክ}}} {{{ፌስቡክ}}}]</span>}} |label33= [[ትዊተር]] |data33 = {{#if:{{{ትዊተር|}}}|{{ትዊተር|{{{ትዊተር}}}|infobox=1}}}} |label34= [[ዩቱብ]] |data34 = {{{ዩቱብ|}}} |label35= መስተማእዛኒታት |data35 = {{#if:{{Property|P159|qualifier=P625|display=inline}} |{{Property|P159|qualifier=P625|type=landmark|one=yes|highestRank=yes|display=inline,title}} |{{#if:{{#property:P625}}|{{Property|P625|type=landmark|one=yes|display=title,inline}}}} }} |label36 = ሕታም |data36 = {{{ሕታም|}}} |section37 = {{#if:{{{መበቆላዊ ቋንቋ|}}}{{{ምዝገባ|}}}{{{ተጠቀምቲ|}}}{{{ቋንቋ|}}}|መርበብ ሓበሬታ|}} |label38 = መርበብ ሓበሬታ |data38 = {{Property|P856|{{{መርበብ_ሓበሬታ|{{{homepage|}}}}}}|priority=no|4=Wikidata/Formats|5=URLFormat}} |label39 = መበቆላዊ ቋንቋ |data39 = {{{መበቆላዊ ቋንቋ|}}} |label40 = ምዝገባ |data40 = {{{ምዝገባ|}}} |label41 = ተጠቀምቲ |data41 = {{{ተጠቀምቲ|}}} |label42 = ዝርከቡ ቋንቋታት |data42 = {{{ቋንቋ|}}} |tablefooterstyle = text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:1.2em |tablefooter = {{{መዘኻኸሪታት|{{{መወከሲታት|}}}}}} }}<!-- ** Maintenance categories ** -->{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}} | {{#if:{{#property:P625}}{{Property|P159|qualifier=P625|display=inline}} | {{#if:{{{መስተማእዛኒታት|}}}{{{coord|}}}{{{coor|}}}{{{latd|}}}{{{lat|}}}{{{ማእገር|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with local coordinates]] | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with coordinates on Wikidata]] }} | {{#if:{{{መስተማእዛኒታት|}}}{{{coord|}}}{{{coor|}}}{{{latd|}}}{{{lat|}}}{{{ማእገር|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with coordinates to transfer to Wikidata]] | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles needing coordinates]] }} }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3k9rhsz67o4ctrdl2lopuexc56p7qrg 0 4919 22672 22511 2021-04-24T20:57:53Z Joanmp14 5782 improvements wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ውድብ}} {{ሓበሬታ ውድብ |ሽም = ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም |ማሕተም = [[ፋይል:Flag of WHO.svg|170px]]<br>ባንዴራ ው.ጥ.ዓ. |ኣርማ = [[ፋይል:WHO logo.svg|150px]] |ምስሊ = World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg |እግሪ_ምስሊ = ዓለማዊ ዋና መኣዘዚ ቦታ - ጀኔቫ፣ ስዊዘርላንድ |ምሕጻረ_ቃል = ው.ጥ.ዓ. |ዓይነት = ውሕልነታዊ ኤጀንሲ [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ሕቡራት ሃገራት]] |መሰረት = {{ዕለት|7|04|1948|ዕድመ}} |ዋና_መኣዘዚ_ቦታ = {{flagdeco|ስዊዘርላንድ}} [[ጀኔቫ]]፣ [[ስዊዘርላንድ]] |ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = ዋና ሓለቓ |ሽም_መራሒ1 = {{flagdeco|ኢትዮጵያ}} [[ቴድሮስ ኣድሓኖም]] |ሰራሕተኛታት = 7000 |መርበብ_ሓበሬታ = [https://www.who.int/ www.who.int] }} '''ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም''' ('''ው.ጥ.ዓ.''') ወይ '''ዓለማዊ ውድብ ጥዕና''' ({{lang-en|World Health Organization}}፣ ''WHO'')፣ ንዓለምለኻዊ ናይ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ሓላፍነት ዘሎ ናይ'ቲ [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት]] (ው.ሕ.ሃ.) ውሕልነታዊ ኤጀንሲ እዩ። 8e0u3yv4ionjjz28tdkwhcn1m5xmxlu 0 4920 20546 2020-04-26T14:55:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] sfmjcx95l7it0ps5t3oo7np5opykbrp 0 4921 20547 2020-04-26T14:56:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] sfmjcx95l7it0ps5t3oo7np5opykbrp 0 4922 20548 2020-04-26T14:58:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም]] sfmjcx95l7it0ps5t3oo7np5opykbrp 0 4923 20552 20550 2020-04-27T15:56:03Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Redirected page to [[ቁጽሪ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቁጽሪ]] 81i2goc8fjhkfgokmvcm5fdqosslpvg 0 4924 20560 20558 2020-04-29T04:12:29Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Redirected page to [[ኣፍሪቃ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣፍሪቃ]] r37w17z5qd9ty2jo46cvf7v59apw9so 0 4925 20562 2020-04-29T04:21:17Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 ገጽ ብ "እቲ '''ካራ''' ኣሎ ነታ [[ናውቲ]] ምስ ነታ ኣቋራጭ ብልሒ ወይ [[ግላዝ]] ብዙሕ ዓዂኹ ናብ ነታ ሓዘ ወይ ..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki እቲ '''ካራ''' ኣሎ ነታ [[ናውቲ]] ምስ ነታ ኣቋራጭ ብልሒ ወይ [[ግላዝ]] ብዙሕ ዓዂኹ ናብ ነታ ሓዘ ወይ [[ልዓት ሳንጃ]]. [[File:Brusletto Hunter Knife Geilo Norway.jpg|thumb|ካራ]] [[Category:ካራ]] 37125c2huzgeej8dzdctwtg05frn58w 0 4926 20564 20563 2020-04-29T04:28:33Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ካሊጎላ''' ሳልሳይ ኔሩ [[ሮሜ ሃጸይ]], ገዛኢ ካብ [[37 (ዓመት)|37]] ናብ [[41 (ዓመት)|41]]. [[File:Gaius Caesar Caligula.jpg|thumb|ካሊጎላ]] [[Category:ሮሜ ሃጸይ]] bk8p5a3kdaupn7y8cdir14ku5zga2q1 0 4928 23297 20662 2021-11-12T02:24:48Z 180.251.144.167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} እቲ '''ሮሜ ግዝኣት''' ነበረ እቲ ድሕሪ-ረፑብሊካዊ እዋን ናይ [[ጥንታዊ ሮሜ]]. ክ ነታ ንሱ ዝምልከት ሰፊሕ ኣከባቢ ትሕዞ [[ባሕሪ መዲተራነያን]] ብ [[ኣውሮጳ]], [[ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃ]] ድማ ምዕራብ እስያ ንዅሉ ጥቓ [[ሃጸይ]]. {{Reflist}} [[File:Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg|thumb|ኣርማ ዕላማ ሮሜ ግዝኣት]] [[File:Better Imperial Aquila.png|thumb|]] [[Category:ጥንታዊ ሮሜ]] cut6yfdegroyz8h44l2a24p5o79u1i8 0 4929 23512 23511 2022-03-22T20:03:45Z Stang 4466 Undo revision 23511 by [[Special:Contributions/176.106.110.2|176.106.110.2]] ([[User talk:176.106.110.2|talk]]) wikitext text/x-wiki እቲ '''ቸስ''' ኣሎ ነታ ናይ ክልተ ውጥን [[ጣውላ ጸወታ]] ሰሌዳ ልያኸ ኣብ ነታ ሰንጠረጃዊ ጸወታ ምስ 64 ትርብዒት ዘቕተሎ ብ ሓደ 8x8 መስርዕ.! [[File:ChessSet.jpg|thumb|እቲ ከምኡውን ናይ ጸሊም ድማ ጻዕዳ ቸስ ቁራጽ]] {{Stub}} [[Category:ቸስ]] dsbkzj7lr0qydrl7adf2rabhtfaj1jq 10 4930 22351 22075 2021-02-18T13:57:17Z Joanmp14 5782 add coat of arms parameter wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__ {{Documentation/start box}} This is the documentation for the {{tlc|{{PAGENAME}}}} template. It is automatically generated by {{tl|Country showdata}}. [[ፋይል:{{{flag alias|Flag of None.svg}}}|thumb|{{#ifexist: {{{alt}}} | [[{{{alt}}}]]።||link={{#ifexist:{{{alias}}}|{{{alias}}} }}|{{#ifexist: ባንዴራ {{{alias}}} | [[ባንዴራ {{{alias}}}]]። | ባንዴራ {{{alias}}}። }} }}]] [[ፋይል:{{{coat of arms alias|Shield of None.png}}}|thumb|{{#ifexist: {{{alt coat of arms}}} | [[{{{alt coat of arms}}}]]።||link={{#ifexist:{{{alias}}}|{{{alias}}} }}|{{#ifexist: ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ {{{alias}}} | [[ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ {{{alias}}}]]። | ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ {{{alias}}}። }} }}]] == ልሙድ መለክዒታት == {| class="wikitable" ! ሽም መለክዒ !! ክብሪ !! ውጽኢት |- | <code>alias</code> | {{#if: {{{alias|}}} | <code>{{{alias}}}</code> | <span class="error">'''ዘይተገልጸ!'''</span> }} | መበገሲ ጽሑፍ ([[{{{alias}}}]]) {{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | <tr> <td><code>shortname alias</code></td> <td><code>{{{shortname alias}}}</code></td> <td>''(ኣማራጽያዊ)'' Display name to be used for the wikilink, if <code>alias</code> is a disambiguated article name, for example</td> </tr> }} |- | <code>flag alias</code> | {{#if: {{{flag alias|}}} | <code>{{{flag alias}}}</code> | <span class="error">'''ዘይተገልጸ!'''</span> }} | Image name ([[:ፋይል:{{{flag alias}}}]], shown above right) {{#if: {{{alt|}}} | <tr> <td><code>alt</code></td> <td><code>{{{alt}}}</code></td> <td>''(ኣማራጽያዊ)'' «alt» alternative text for the image of the flag</td> </tr> }} |- | <code>coat of arms alias</code> | {{#if: {{{coat of arms alias|}}} | <code>{{{coat of arms alias}}}</code> | <span class="error">'''ዘይተገልጸ!'''</span> }} | Image name ([[:ፋይል:{{{coat of arms alias}}}]], shown bottom right) {{#if: {{{alt coat of arms|}}} | <tr> <td><code>alt coat of arms</code></td> <td><code>{{{alt coat of arms}}}</code></td> <td>''(ኣማራጽያዊ)'' «alt coat of arms» [[ኣማራጽያዊ ጽሑፍ]] for coat of arms image</td> </tr> }} |} {{#if: {{{var1|{{{flag alias-naval|}}}}}} | == Flag variants == {{#ifexist: {{{alt}}} | {{{alt}}} | {{#ifexist: ባንዴራ {{{alias}}} | ባንዴራ {{{alias}}} | }} }} <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>ምልክት</th><th>ምስሊ ባንዴራ (40px)</th><th>ሽም ምስሊ</th></tr> {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var1}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var2}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var3}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var4}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var5}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var6}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var7}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var8}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var9}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var10}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var11|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var11}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var12|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var12}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var13|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var13}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var14|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var14}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var15|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var15}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var16|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var16}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var17|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var17}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var18|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var18}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var19|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var19}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var20|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var20}}}</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | <tr><td><code>naval</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-naval}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-naval}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | <tr><td><code>air force</code></td><td align=center>[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-air force}}}|40px|border]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-air force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | == Naval ensign == This template includes a naval ensign flag variant that can be used with [[ሞደል:Navy]]: * <code><nowiki>{{navy|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{navy|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagdeco|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|naval}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagdeco|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|naval}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | == Air force ensign == This template includes an air force ensign flag variant that can be used with [[ሞደል:Air force]]: * <code><nowiki>{{air force|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{air force|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagdeco|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|air force}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagdeco|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|air force}} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | == Redirect aliases == This template can also be used via an ''alias'' name (implemented as a redirect to this template):<!-- --><table class="wikitable"><!-- --><tr><th>ሳጓ</th><th>{{tl|flagdeco|''alias''}}</th><th>{{tl|flagcountry|''alias''}}</th></tr> {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir1}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flagdeco|{{{redir1}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir2}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flagdeco|{{{redir2}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir2}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir3}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flagdeco|{{{redir3}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir3}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir4}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flagdeco|{{{redir4}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir4}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir5}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flagdeco|{{{redir5}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir5}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- --><tr><th>ሳጓ</th><th>{{tl|Coat of arms|''alias''}}</th><th>{{tl|Coat of arms2|''alias''}}</th></tr> {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir1}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{Coat of arms|{{{redir1}}}}}</td><td>{{Coat of arms2|{{{redir1}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir2}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{Coat of arms|{{{redir2}}}}}</td><td>{{Coat of arms2|{{{redir2}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir3}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{Coat of arms|{{{redir3}}}}}</td><td>{{Coat of arms2|{{{redir3}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir4}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{Coat of arms|{{{redir4}}}}}</td><td>{{Coat of arms2|{{{redir4}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir5}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} ርኣይ]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{Coat of arms|{{{redir5}}}}}</td><td>{{Coat of arms2|{{{redir5}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} == ኣብነት ኣጠቓቕማ == ;Using the main flag * <code><nowiki>{{flagdeco|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagdeco|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var1|}}} | ;Using a flag variant * <code><nowiki>{{flagdeco|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagdeco|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | ;Using a redirect alias * <code><nowiki>{{flagdeco|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagdeco|{{{redir1}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}} }} ;Using the main coat of arms * <code><nowiki>{{Coat of arms|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{Coat of arms|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{Coat of arms2|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{Coat of arms2|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} {{#if: {{{related1|}}} | == Related templates == Please see the following related <code>country_data</code> templates: *[[ሞደል:Country data {{{related1}}}]]<span style="position:absolute; left:32em;">{{flagcountry|{{{related1}}}}}</span><!-- -->{{#if: {{{related2|}}} | *[[ሞደል:Country data {{{related2}}}]]<span style="position:absolute; left:32em;">{{flagcountry|{{{related2}}}}}</span> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related3|}}} | *[[ሞደል:Country data {{{related3}}}]]<span style="position:absolute; left:32em;">{{flagcountry|{{{related3}}}}}</span> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related4|}}} | *[[ሞደል:Country data {{{related4}}}]]<span style="position:absolute; left:32em;">{{flagcountry|{{{related4}}}}}</span> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related5|}}} | *[[ሞደል:Country data {{{related5}}}]]<span style="position:absolute; left:32em;">{{flagcountry|{{{related5}}}}}</span> }}<!-- -->}} {{#ifexist: ሞደል:{{PAGENAME}}/doc | == ተወሳኺ ሓበሬታ == <span class="editsection" id="doc_editlinks" style="font-size: small">[<span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:{{PAGENAME}}/doc}} ርኣይ]</span>] [<span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:{{PAGENAME}}/doc|action=edit}} ኣመዓራርይ]</span>]</span> {{ሞደል:{{PAGENAME}}/doc}} }} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Country data|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}]] {{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Country data ምስ ሓጺር ሳጓ|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}]] }} {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | Country data {{{alias}}} | | {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | Country data {{{shortname alias}}} | | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Country data ምስ ዝተፈልየ ሽም ሞደል]] }} }} <noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 26uixh0g5xc9w362wayjbprv3imdbc9 10 4931 22126 22000 2021-01-24T00:41:08Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1|}}} | flag/core | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> hs74jx2ql4su2svqh6ray27cb0x5o9y 10 4932 21999 21800 2021-01-20T15:44:19Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{1}}}|alias=?|flag alias=Flag of None.svg|name=?}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> bjjuii4d5s5x13d126crp6ijboux0mv 10 4933 20580 2020-05-06T16:56:32Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስጳኛ | flag alias = Flag of Spain.svg | flag alias-1506 = Flag of New Spain.svg | flag alias-..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስጳኛ | flag alias = Flag of Spain.svg | flag alias-1506 = Flag of New Spain.svg | flag alias-1701 = Bandera de España 1701-1748.svg | flag alias-1748 = Bandera de España 1748-1785.svg | flag alias-1785 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg | flag alias-1873 = Flag of the First Spanish Republic.svg | flag alias-1931 = Flag of the Second Spanish Republic.svg | flag alias-1938 = Flag of Spain (1938 - 1945).svg | flag alias-1945 = Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg | flag alias-1977 = Flag of Spain (1977 - 1981).svg | flag alias-civil = Flag of Spain (civil variant).svg | link alias-naval = Spanish Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1506 | var2 = 1701 | var3 = 1748 | var4 = 1785 | var5 = 1873 | var6 = 1931 | var7 = 1938 | var8 = 1945 | var9 = 1977 | redir1 = ESP | related1 = Spanish Republic | related2 = Spanish State </noinclude> }} e9fycvvopg75usnfmwjtea1zz1bh5qe 10 4934 22019 20581 2021-01-21T00:20:38Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣመሪካ | flag alias = Flag of the United States.svg | flag alias-1776 = Grand Union Flag.svg | flag alias-1777 = US flag 13 stars – Betsy Ross.svg | flag alias-1795 = US flag 15 stars.svg | flag alias-1818 = US flag 20 stars.svg | flag alias-1819 = US flag 21 stars.svg | flag alias-1820 = US flag 23 stars.svg | flag alias-1822 = US flag 24 stars.svg | flag alias-1836 = US flag 25 stars.svg | flag alias-1837 = US flag 26 stars.svg | flag alias-1845 = US flag 27 stars.svg | flag alias-1846 = US flag 28 stars.svg | flag alias-1847 = US flag 29 stars.svg | flag alias-1848 = US flag 30 stars.svg | flag alias-1851 = US flag 31 stars.svg | flag alias-1858 = US flag 32 stars.svg | flag alias-1859 = US flag 33 stars.svg | flag alias-1861 = US flag 34 stars.svg | flag alias-1863 = US flag 35 stars.svg | flag alias-1865 = US flag 36 stars.svg | flag alias-1867 = US flag 37 stars.svg | flag alias-1877 = US flag 38 stars.svg | flag alias-1890 = US flag 43 stars.svg | flag alias-1891 = US flag 44 stars.svg | flag alias-1896 = US flag 45 stars.svg | flag alias-1908 = US flag 46 stars.svg | flag alias-1912 = US flag 48 stars.svg | flag alias-1959 = US flag 49 stars.svg | flag alias-air force = Flag of the United States Air Force.png | flag alias-coast guard = Ensign of the United States Coast Guard.svg | link alias-naval = {{#ifeq:{{{variant|}}}|coast guard|United States Coast Guard|United States Navy}} | flag alias-army = Army flag.gif | link alias-football = United States {{{age|}}} {{{mw|men's}}} national soccer team | name alias-basketball = USA | link alias-basketball = United States {{{mw|men's}}} national basketball team | name alias-field hockey = USA | link alias-field hockey = United States {{{mw|men's}}} national field hockey team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1912 | var2 = 1959 | var3 = coast guard | redir1 = USA | redir2 = US | redir3 = ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ | redir4 = U.S. </noinclude> }} 2kgiphhxv6iu0895empiibk98qwxusr 10 4935 23192 20582 2021-10-16T18:14:49Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg with [[File:Naval_ensign_of_Italy.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢጣልያ | flag alias = Flag of Italy.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Italy.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of Italy.svg | link alias-naval = Marina Militare | link alias-army = Italian Army | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1861 | var2 = civil | redir1 = ITA | related1 = Kingdom of Italy | related2 = Italian Social Republic | related3 = Napoleonic Italy </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 9mir0ufxz8tqbdl1iyu0kkrspps2fu3 10 4936 21457 21455 2020-12-13T00:03:16Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ብሪጣንያ | flag alias = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-government = Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-naval-RFA = British-Royal-Fleet-Auxiliary-Ensign.svg | flag alias-naval-RMAS = British Royal Maritime Auxiliary Ensign.svg | link alias-naval = {{#switch:{{{variant|}}}|naval-RFA|RFA=Royal Fleet Auxiliary|naval-RMAS|RMAS=Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service|#default=Royal Navy}} | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Royal Air Force | flag alias-army = Flag of the British Army.svg | link alias-army = British Army | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = civil | var2 = government | var3 = naval-RFA | var4 = naval-RMAS | redir1 = UK | redir2 = the United Kingdom | related1 = Great Britain | related2 = Kingdom of Great Britain | related3 = British Empire | related4 = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> b0oanw7qsrbtciuotp8ce2242n1y06y 10 4937 24052 20585 2023-01-07T21:18:10Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_(1814-1830).svg with [[File:Flag_of_France_(1814–1830).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፈረንሳ | flag alias = Flag of France.svg | flag alias-1790 = Flag of France (1790-1794).svg | flag alias-1814 = Flag of France (1814–1830).svg | flag alias-naval = Civil and Naval Ensign of France.svg | link alias-naval = French Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1790 | var2 = 1814 | redir1 = FRA | related1 = Kingdom of France | related2 = Free French Forces </noinclude> }} fo1ef350l286lla969yuzjzkjwur9fr 10 4938 24692 20586 2024-01-29T14:11:16Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Germany_(3-2_aspect_ratio).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Germany_(3-2).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) see images in [[:c: wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጀርመን | flag alias = Flag of Germany.svg | flag alias-empire = Flag of the German Empire.svg | flag alias-Weimar = Flag of Germany (3-2).svg | flag alias-1933 = Flag of Germany (1933-1935).svg | flag alias-Nazi = Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg | flag alias-EUA = German Olympic flag (1959-1968).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Germany.svg | border-naval = | link alias-naval = German Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = empire | var2 = Weimar | var3 = 1933 | var4 = Nazi | var5 = EUA | redir1 = DEU | redir2 = GER | related1 = German Empire | related2 = Weimar Republic | related3 = Nazi Germany | related4 = Allied-occupied Germany | related5 = East Germany | related6 = West Germany </noinclude> }} s8c3ccke86nasb3uvq0hz3vbl9o9704 10 4939 23666 22026 2022-05-23T10:51:41Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Naval_Ensign_of_Russia.svg with [[File:Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሩስያ | flag alias = Flag of Russia.svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Russia 1991-1993.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of Russia.svg | link alias-naval = Russian Navy | flag alias-air force = Russian Air Forces flag.png | link alias-air force = Russian Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1991 | redir1 = RUS | redir2 = ፈደረሽን ሩስያ </noinclude> }} 33svmpvpit9z4vzfeu8qmmmmi6d8m12 10 4940 20588 2020-05-06T20:24:05Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቱርኪ | flag alias = Flag of Turkey.svg | link alias-naval = Turkish Navy | size = {{{size|}}}..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቱርኪ | flag alias = Flag of Turkey.svg | link alias-naval = Turkish Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TUR | related1 = Ottoman Empire </noinclude> }} 3a2pkqb9ul92c1uhnose4jeyf6e991j 10 4941 20589 2020-05-06T20:36:24Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ብራዚል | flag alias = Flag of Brazil.svg | flag alias-1889 = Flag of Brazil (1889-1960).svg..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ብራዚል | flag alias = Flag of Brazil.svg | flag alias-1889 = Flag of Brazil (1889-1960).svg | flag alias-1960 = Flag of Brazil (1960-1968).svg | flag alias-1968 = Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg | link alias-naval = Brazilian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1889 | var2 = 1960 | var3 = 1968 | redir1 = BRA | related1 = Empire of Brazil </noinclude> }} t1p9ssgp4vyyd4w8eu4w55hyl1jsjwa 10 4942 20590 2020-05-06T20:47:37Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢራን | flag alias = Flag of Iran.svg | flag alias-1925 = State Flag of Iran (1925).svg | flag..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢራን | flag alias = Flag of Iran.svg | flag alias-1925 = State Flag of Iran (1925).svg | flag alias-1964 = State Flag of Iran (1964).svg | link alias-naval = Islamic Republic of Iran Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1925 | var2 = 1964 | redir1 = IRN | redir2 = IRI </noinclude> }} 8hcenynwp6m69fxwiwczqoqw04dx89m 10 4943 21843 21840 2021-01-06T16:08:38Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና | shortname alias = ቻይና | flag alias = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | flag alias-military = People's Liberation Army Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | flag alias-army = Ground Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-army = People's Liberation Army Ground Force | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-naval = People's Liberation Army Navy | flag alias-air force = Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-air force = People's Liberation Army Air Force | name alias-football = China PR | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = military | templatename = ቻይና | redir1 = CHN | redir2 = ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና | related1 = ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና </noinclude> }} tiio57qo1by83nid4ndra2g5s31wn9i 10 4945 20593 2020-05-07T12:33:30Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ካናዳ | flag alias = Flag of Canada.svg | flag alias-1868 = Flag of Canada-1868-Red.svg | flag..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ካናዳ | flag alias = Flag of Canada.svg | flag alias-1868 = Flag of Canada-1868-Red.svg | flag alias-1921 = Flag of Canada 1921.svg | flag alias-1957 = Canadian Red Ensign.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Jack of Canada.svg | flag alias-naval-1911 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-naval-1921 = Canadian Blue Ensign 1921.svg | flag alias-naval-1957 = Canadian Blue Ensign.svg | link alias-naval = {{#if:{{{variant|}}}|Royal Canadian Navy|Canadian Forces Maritime Command}} | flag alias-coast guard = Coastguard Flag of Canada.svg | flag alias-air force = Canadian Air Command flag.svg | flag alias-air force-1924 = Ensign of the Royal Canadian Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = {{#if:{{{variant|}}}|Royal Canadian Air Force|Canadian Forces Air Command}} | flag alias-army = Canadian Army Flag.svg | link alias-army = Canadian Forces Land Force Command | link alias-football = Canada {{{mw|men's}}} national soccer team | link alias-basketball = Canada national {{{mw|men's}}} basketball team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1868 | var2 = 1921 | var3 = 1957 | var4 = naval-1911 | var5 = naval-1921 | var6 = naval-1957 | var7 = air force-1924 | redir1 = CAN </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> imi1mb66c9clorjs4nib78yhsu0wx6n 10 4946 20594 2020-05-07T12:40:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፔሩ | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825 - 1950).svg | flag a..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፔሩ | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825 - 1950).svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Peru (state).svg | flag alias-naval = Flag of Peru (state).svg | link alias-naval = Peruvian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1825 | var2 = state | redir1 = PER </noinclude> }} c4r5ts6jglw5yp3nmc1vovqjsj4oojo 10 4947 21459 21458 2020-12-13T00:14:35Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data በልጅዩም]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ቤልጅዩም]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቤልጅዩም | flag alias = Flag of Belgium (civil).svg | flag alias-ሀገር = Flag of Belgium.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Belgium.svg | link alias-naval = Belgian Navy | flag alias-air force = Ensign of Belgian Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Belgian Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = ሃገር | redir1 = BEL </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 44wot60g6yzwqrv2noro9v6ga9dtcg3 10 4948 20596 2020-05-07T13:11:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ህንዲ | flag alias = Flag of India.svg | flag alias-British = British Raj Red Ensign.svg | fla..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ህንዲ | flag alias = Flag of India.svg | flag alias-British = British Raj Red Ensign.svg | flag alias-1931 = 1931 Flag of India.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of India.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of Indian Army.png | link alias-army = Indian Army | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of India.svg | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Indian Air Force.svg | link alias-naval = Indian Navy | link alias-air force = Indian Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = British | var2 = 1931 | var3 = civil | redir1 = IND | related1 = British Raj </noinclude> }} r1rwwac4dosk8dubtelhhk8wkuj8eoi 10 4949 22438 20597 2021-02-20T16:17:14Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኔዘርላንድ | flag alias = Flag of the Netherlands.svg | link alias-naval = Royal Netherlands Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = NLD | redir2 = NED | redir3 = ሆላንድ </noinclude> }} 7si1540gqjid1jeshob62ww8mxypx7u 10 4950 24693 23476 2024-01-29T18:55:47Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Civil_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Ecuador.svg with [[File:Civil_flag_and_ensign_of_Ecuador.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤኳዶር | flag alias = Flag of Ecuador.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil flag and ensign of Ecuador.svg | flag alias-1830 = Flag of Ecuador (1835–1845).svg | flag alias-1845 = Flag of Ecuador (1845–1860).svg | flag alias-municipal = Municipal Flag of Ecuador.svg | flag alias-naval = Flag of Ecuador.svg | link alias-naval = Ecuadorian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1830 | var2 = 1845 | var3 = civil | var4 = municipal | redir1 = ECU </noinclude> }} b5fkciu8q7ggn5twbz6dnblypjqrtp8 10 4951 20599 2020-05-07T14:28:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{country data {{{1|}}} | country flag | name = {{{name|{{{1|}}}}}} | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noi..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{country data {{{1|}}} | country flag | name = {{{name|{{{1|}}}}}} | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> f01qr0ocjzoksb5dz4k7sthrc0uyulw 10 4953 22124 20610 2021-01-24T00:33:12Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1|}}} | flagcountry/core2 | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 8c8bj66h24764owxytt4e71n1sn9n2x 10 4954 22436 22071 2021-02-20T16:12:25Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[ፋይል:{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|20x20px}}|{{#switch:{{{alias|}}}|ኔፓል= |ኦሃዮ= |border{{!}}}}link=|{{{alt|ባንዴራ {{{alias}}}}}}]]</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 0nslcfcmt2e65awt3z6m94zhc9ae4f6 10 4955 21651 20613 2020-12-19T20:18:01Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|22x20px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |alt=|link=|{{{alias}}}|{{{alt|ባንዴራ {{{alias}}}}}}]]&nbsp;</span>[[{{{alias}}}|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> cna791ck57rwoljh4rk2dj5b7z6hr1s 10 4956 21680 21678 2020-12-22T13:56:17Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስዑዲ ዓረብ | flag alias = Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg | flag alias-1938 = Saudi Arabia Flag Variant (1938).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Saudi Arabia.svg | link alias-naval = Royal Saudi Navy | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Royal Saudi Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Royal Saudi Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1938 | redir1 = SAU | redir2 = KSA </noinclude> }} r1sn31d216n5km62ig8jaqvxmjimo6u 10 4957 20615 2020-05-07T17:58:20Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስዊዘርላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Switzerland.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስዊዘርላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Switzerland.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Switzerland.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = civil | redir1 = CHE | redir2 = SUI | redir3 = CH | related1 = Helvetic Republic </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> b85grwyak3dydromaiq5q3z3etzdrlj 10 4958 22010 20616 2021-01-21T00:10:02Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሜክሲኮ | flag alias = Flag of Mexico.svg | flag alias-1821 = Flag of Mexico (1821-1823).svg | flag alias-1823 = Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg | flag alias-1864 = Flag of Mexico (1864-1867).svg | flag alias-1893 = Flag of Mexico (1893-1916).svg | flag alias-1916 = Flag of Mexico (1916-1934).svg | flag alias-1934 = Flag of Mexico (1934-1968).svg | link alias-naval = Mexican Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1821 | var2 = 1823 | var3 = 1864 | var4 = 1893 | var5 = 1916 | var6 = 1934 | redir1 = MEX | redir2= መክሲኮ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 3u9imf9toirc1nslsr3yoy0i6dn8ltg 10 4959 20617 2020-05-07T18:11:44Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፖርቱጋል | flag alias = Flag of Portugal.svg | flag alias-1248 = PortugueseFlag1248.svg | f..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፖርቱጋል | flag alias = Flag of Portugal.svg | flag alias-1248 = PortugueseFlag1248.svg | flag alias-1385 = PortugueseFlag1385.svg | flag alias-1578 = Flag Portugal (1578).svg | flag alias-1640 = Flag Portugal (1640).svg | flag alias-1707 = Flag Portugal (1707).svg | flag alias-1830 = Flag Portugal (1830).svg | link alias-naval = | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1248 | var2 = 1385 | var3 = 1578 | var4 = 1640 | var5 = 1707 | var6 = 1830 | redir1 = PRT | redir2 = POR </noinclude> }} 1x7wr4twh1scgqh0zzqijl6feyvp90a 10 4960 20618 2020-05-07T18:18:10Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፓኪስታን | flag alias = Flag of Pakistan.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Pakistani Army..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፓኪስታን | flag alias = Flag of Pakistan.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Pakistan.svg | flag alias-air force = Pakistani Air Force Ensign.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Pakistan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | var1 = civil <noinclude> | redir1 = PAK </noinclude> }} fiyrbh6exiwzta182he8n9nr43azbpa 10 4961 20619 2020-05-07T18:27:34Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሽወደን | flag alias = Flag of Sweden.svg | flag alias-1562 = Sweden-Flag-1562.svg | border-1..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሽወደን | flag alias = Flag of Sweden.svg | flag alias-1562 = Sweden-Flag-1562.svg | border-1562 = | flag alias-1844 = Swedish norwegian union flag.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg | border-naval = | link alias-naval = Swedish Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1562 | var2 = 1844 | redir1 = SWE </noinclude> }} dmzmpxqmexclgg6pzpx3d3pidqm5i2m 10 4962 24576 20620 2023-11-21T04:09:30Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Chile_(1817-1818).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Chile_of_the_transition_(1817).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Wrong date, only used for wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቺሌ | flag alias = Flag of Chile.svg | flag alias-1812 = Flag of Chile (1812-1814).svg | flag alias-1817 = Flag of Chile of the transition (1817).svg | link alias-naval = Chilean Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1812 | var2 = 1817 | redir1 = CHL | redir2 = CHI </noinclude> }} jqwy1zrq2xk4tqg4bpglfr3t3xzvdv6 10 4963 20621 2020-05-07T18:41:03Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣየርላንድ | shortname alias = ኣየርላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Ireland.svg | fla..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣየርላንድ | shortname alias = ኣየርላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Ireland.svg | flag alias-1783 = St Patrick's saltire.svg | flag alias-4prov = Four Provinces Flag.svg | flag alias-football = St Patrick's saltire.svg | link alias-football = Ireland national football team (1882–1950) | flag alias-hockey = Flag of Ireland hockey team.svg | flag alias-field hockey = Flag of Ireland hockey team.svg | flag alias-rugby union = IRFU flag.svg | flag alias-rugby sevens = IRFU flag.svg | flag alias-rugby league = Four Provinces Flag.svg | flag alias-cricket = Cricket Ireland flag.svg | link alias-cricket = Ireland {{{mw|}}} {{{age|}}} cricket team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | templatename = ኣየርላንድ | var1 = 1783 | var2 = 4prov | var3 = football | var4 = rugby union | var5 = hockey | var6 = cricket | redir1 = IRE | related1 = Republic of Ireland | related2 = Southern Ireland | related3 = Kingdom of Ireland | related4 = Lordship of Ireland | related5 = Irish Free State </noinclude> }} nd65e6a8g5lclcmxdnns6zon7g99c5r 10 4964 20622 2020-05-07T18:48:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሲንጋፖር | flag alias = Flag of Singapore.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of Singapore (19..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሲንጋፖር | flag alias = Flag of Singapore.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of Singapore (1946-1959).svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Singapore.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Singapore.svg | link alias-naval = Republic of Singapore Navy | flag alias-air force = Republic of Singapore Air Force Service Flag.svg | link alias-air force = Republic of Singapore Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | var2 = civil | redir1 = SGP | redir2 = SIN </noinclude> }} 7vvu774qfx1nhkz44zb24zo4hs4jpmr 10 4965 20623 2020-05-07T19:01:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቤላሩስ | flag alias = Flag of Belarus.svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Belarus (1991-1995).sv..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቤላሩስ | flag alias = Flag of Belarus.svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Belarus (1991-1995).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1991 | redir1 = BLR | related1 = Byelorussian SSR </noinclude> }} euz36x2xt261alsj3rxzwolifycq3ss 10 4966 20624 2020-05-07T19:16:07Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቐጠር | flag alias = Flag of Qatar.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቐጠር | flag alias = Flag of Qatar.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = QAT </noinclude> }} czze3ym7td712uvf2axwhkuzrvbdo89 10 4967 20625 2020-05-07T19:29:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = እስራኤል | flag alias = Flag of Israel.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Israel.svg..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = እስራኤል | flag alias = Flag of Israel.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Israel.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Israel.svg | link alias-naval = Israeli Navy | flag alias-air force = Israel Air Force Flag.svg | link alias-air force = Israeli Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ISR | var1 = civil </noinclude> }} kt95nnby0m2c1v0dbnnelcbtq72jpu6 10 4968 20708 20626 2020-06-09T07:38:12Z 188.207.235.178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሕቡራት ኢማራት ዓረብ | flag alias = Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ARE | redir2 = UAE </noinclude> }}<noinclude> 4wluz7pgazvpiu6zbmzk22arzvwpamc 10 4969 20627 2020-05-11T07:42:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፖላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Poland.svg | flag alias-state = State Flag of Poland.svg | fla..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፖላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Poland.svg | flag alias-state = State Flag of Poland.svg | flag alias-1815 = Flag of the Congress of Poland.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Poland.svg | flag alias-naval-1919 = Naval Ensign of IIRP v1.svg | flag alias-naval-1946 = Naval Ensign of PRL v1.svg | flag alias-naval-auxiliary = Flaga pomocniczych jednostek pływających Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej.svg | flag alias-naval-auxiliary-1955 = POL Bandera pjp PRL v1.svg | link alias-naval = Polish Navy | flag alias-air force = PL air force flag IIIRP.svg | link alias-air force = Polish Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = state | var2 = 1815 | var3 = naval-1919 | var4 = naval-1946 | var5 = naval-auxiliary | var6 = naval-auxiliary-1955 | redir1 = POL </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> e1hzmclfzd9hmpk4kpljxkplc64wkva 10 4970 20739 20737 2020-06-12T10:54:09Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኦስትርያ | flag alias = Flag of Austria.svg | flag alias-empire = Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Austria (state).svg | flag alias-war = Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = empire | var2 = state | var3 = war | redir1 = AUT | related1 = Austria-Hungary </noinclude> }} b0mwfdglpw5hbgjkabbg9tlzrf3fla4 10 4971 20629 2020-05-11T08:00:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጃፓን | flag alias = Flag of Japan.svg | flag alias-alt = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg |..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጃፓን | flag alias = Flag of Japan.svg | flag alias-alt = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg | flag alias-1945 = Flag of Allied Occupied Japan.svg | flag alias-ryukyu = Flag of US Occupied Ryukyu Islands.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Japan.svg | link alias-naval = Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = alt | var2 = 1945 | var3 = ryukyu | redir1 = JPN | related1 = Empire of Japan | related2 = Ryūkyū Kingdom </noinclude> }} qc4pjkjrw1e5f1nm1mj5640w4bb0856 10 4972 22497 22053 2021-03-06T15:49:58Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Romania_(1948-1952).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Romania_(1948–1952).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]] (maintenance or bug fix)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሩማንያ | flag alias = Flag of Romania.svg | flag alias-1948 = Flag of Romania (1948–1952).svg | flag alias-1952 = Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg | flag alias-1965 = Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg | link alias-naval = Romanian Naval Forces | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1948 | var2 = 1952 | var3 = 1965 | redir1 = ROU | redir2 = ROM | redir3 = ሮማንያ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 2i2x4wpjcmey2segdwyfs3s2uh8451x 10 4973 23652 23565 2022-05-23T07:43:38Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Naval_Ensign_of_Ukraine.svg with [[File:Naval_ensign_of_Ukraine.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዩክሬን | flag alias = Flag of Ukraine.svg | flag alias-1918 = Flag_of_Ukrainian_People's_Republic_1917.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of Ukraine.svg | flag alias-naval-1918 = Naval Ensign of Ukraine (dress, 1918).PNG | link alias-naval = Ukrainian Navy | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Ukrainian Air Force.jpg | link alias-air force = Ukrainian Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1918 | var2 = naval-1918 | redir1 = UKR | related1 = Ukrainian SSR </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 7sd2u83za0u49cfvyzqt9ldd4zwl76o 10 4974 20632 2020-05-11T08:52:07Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ባንግላደሽ | flag alias = Flag of Bangladesh.svg | flag alias-1971 = Flag of Bangladesh (1..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ባንግላደሽ | flag alias = Flag of Bangladesh.svg | flag alias-1971 = Flag of Bangladesh (1971).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Bangladesh.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Bangladesh.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1971 | var2 = civil | redir1 = BGD | redir2 = BAN </noinclude> }} bn4teh5rl9uhj9w8c6x7mqz5ei6o4x6 10 4975 20633 2020-05-11T09:32:22Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢንዶነዥያ | flag alias = Flag of Indonesia.svg | link alias-naval = Indonesian Navy | lin..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢንዶነዥያ | flag alias = Flag of Indonesia.svg | link alias-naval = Indonesian Navy | link alias-air force = Indonesian Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = IDN | redir2 = INA </noinclude> }} cv2i6aagzmvkuhpuh3humbkevhigpo0 10 4976 21814 21811 2021-01-06T03:46:47Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኮሎምብያ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኮሎምብያ | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | flag alias = Flag of Colombia.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg | link alias-naval = ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ሪፓብሊክ ኮሎምብያ <noinclude> | var1 = civil | redir1 = COL </noinclude> }} rx6oca2i86g4ujy3dj6nyove89t9sqg 10 4977 20635 2020-05-11T09:49:25Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ ኮርያ | flag alias = Flag of South Korea.svg | link alias-naval = Republic of Korea..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ ኮርያ | flag alias = Flag of South Korea.svg | link alias-naval = Republic of Korea Navy | name alias-basketball = Korea | link alias-basketball = Korea {{{mw|}}} national basketball team | name alias-field hockey = Korea | link alias-field hockey = Korea {{{mw|}}} national field hockey team | name alias-badminton = Korea | link alias-badminton = Korea national badminton team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = KOR | redir2 = Republic of Korea | redir3 = Korea, South | related1 = Korea | related2 = Korean Empire | related3 = North Korea </noinclude> }} 4cpz9h6zrdez4vz4lquf6ry1g0480el 10 4978 20636 2020-05-11T10:05:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፊሊፒንስ | flag alias = Flag of the Philippines.svg | flag alias-1898 = Philippines Flag Or..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፊሊፒንስ | flag alias = Flag of the Philippines.svg | flag alias-1898 = Philippines Flag Original.svg | flag alias-1901 = US flag 45 stars.svg | flag alias-1908 = US flag 46 stars.svg | flag alias-1912 = US flag 48 stars.svg | flag alias-1919 = Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg | flag alias-1981 = Flag of the Philippines (light blue).svg | link alias-naval = Philippine Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1898 | var2 = 1901 | var3 = 1908 | var4 = 1912 | var5 = 1919 | var6 = 1981 | redir1 = PHL | redir2 = PHI </noinclude> }} poxj97ghah0y975scmfs2qak7g879av 10 4979 21462 21461 2020-12-13T00:18:54Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ዴንማርክ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ደንማርክ]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደንማርክ | flag alias = Flag of Denmark.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Denmark.svg | border-naval = | link alias-naval = Royal Danish Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = DNK | redir2 = DEN </noinclude> }} lhp7kqbs0n7jj033vx0iqporiupb4g0 10 4980 22762 22040 2021-06-20T17:39:24Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዶሚኒካዊት ሪፓብሊክ | flag alias = Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | flag alias-1822 = Flag of Spanish Haiti.svg | flag alias-1844 = Flag of the Dominican Republic (up to 1844).svg <noinclude> | var1 = 1822 | var2 = 1844 | redir1 = DOM | redir2 = ሪፓብሊክ ዶሚኒካ | redir3 = ሪፓብሊክ ዶመኒካን </noinclude> }}<noinclude> c5doieelmsmak71nzbiaa817v1yzi73 10 4981 22591 20711 2021-04-14T14:49:06Z Boja02 7458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሰርብያ | flag alias = Flag of Serbia.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Flag of Serbia.svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Serbia 1991-2004.svg | flag alias-2004 = Flag of Serbia (2004–2010).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = civil | var2 = 1991 | var3 = 2004 | redir1 = SRB | related1 = Kingdom of Serbia | related2 = SR Serbia | related3 = Serbia and Montenegro | related4 = FR Yugoslavia </noinclude> }} ge2woj0t4rmyrx9c9p9y3fgwu02g2m4 10 4982 20640 2020-05-11T11:37:47Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ | flag alias = Flag of South Africa.svg | flag alias-1910 = South Africa Fl..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ | flag alias = Flag of South Africa.svg | flag alias-1910 = South Africa Flag 1910-1912.svg | flag alias-1912 = South Africa Flag 1912-1928.svg | flag alias-1928 = Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of South Africa.svg | flag alias-naval-1922 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-naval-1946 = Naval ensign of South Africa (1946-1951).svg | flag alias-naval-1952 = Naval Ensign of South Africa (1952-1981)-2.svg | flag alias-naval-1981 = Naval Ensign of South Africa (1981-1994).png | link alias-naval = South African Navy | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the South African Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = South African Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1910 | var2 = 1912 | var3 = 1928 | var4 = naval-1922 | var5 = naval-1946 | var6 = naval-1952 | var7 = naval-1981 | redir1 = ZAF | redir2 = RSA | related1 = South African Republic | related2 = Union of South Africa </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> az93add3fcjigz4mdpijou7toxvr4sx 10 4983 20641 2020-05-11T11:58:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ግብጺ | flag alias = Flag of Egypt.svg | flag alias-Ottoman = Flag of Egypt 19th century.svg |..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ግብጺ | flag alias = Flag of Egypt.svg | flag alias-Ottoman = Flag of Egypt 19th century.svg | flag alias-1882 = Egypt flag 1882.svg | flag alias-1922 = Flag of Egypt 1922.svg | flag alias-1952 = Flag of Egypt 1952.svg | flag alias-UAR = Flag of United Arab Republic.svg | flag alias-1972 = Flag of Egypt 1972.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Egypt.svg | link alias-naval = Egyptian Navy | flag alias-air force = Eafflag.svg | link alias-air force = Egyptian Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = Ottoman | var2 = 1882 | var3 = 1922 | var4 = 1952 | var5 = UAR | var6 = 1972 | redir1 = EGY | related1 = United Arab Republic </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> aef94u55esp9j5w18c84qdehvqfne0b 10 4984 22813 22811 2021-06-26T12:30:54Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኩዌት | flag alias = Flag of Kuwait.svg | flag alias-1915 = Flag of Kuwait (1915-1956).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1915 | redir1 = KWT | redir2 = KUW | redir3 = ክዌት | redir4 = ኩወይት </noinclude> }} 59h0f6jowjfjzofnyg8w3x7shnmfyo7 10 4985 24690 22015 2024-01-29T13:51:21Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_the_Gran_Colombia.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Gran_Colombia.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፓናማ | flag alias = Flag of Panama.svg | flag alias-1786 = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg | flag alias-1821 = Flag of Gran Colombia.svg | flag alias-1830 = Flag of New Granada (1830-1834).svg | flag alias-1834 = Flag of New Granada.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of Colombia.svg | flag alias-1903 = Flag of Panama (1903).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ፓናማ | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> <noinclude> | var1 = 1786 | var2 = 1821 | var3 = 1830 | var4 = 1834 | var5 = 1861 | var6 = 1903 | redir1 = PAN </noinclude> }} o4f12ywfbly6q6f24j2orfinjmmyhu0 10 4986 20747 20745 2020-06-12T12:53:20Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ | flag alias = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = CZE | related1 = Czechoslovakia </noinclude> }} 5gb4ebmv24br0mbcf91vi1yd5lh9s0r 10 4987 20646 2020-05-14T20:09:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኖርወይ | flag alias = Flag of Norway.svg | flag alias-old kingdom = Norwegian Royal Standard..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኖርወይ | flag alias = Flag of Norway.svg | flag alias-old kingdom = Norwegian Royal Standard flag.png | flag alias-1814 = Flag of Norway 1814-1821.PNG | flag alias-1818 = Unionsflagg 1818.png | flag alias-1844 = Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg | flag alias-naval = Flag of Norway, state.svg | border-naval = | link alias-naval = Royal Norwegian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = old kingdom | var2 = 1814 | var3 = 1818 | var4 = 1844 | redir1 = NOR | related1 = Kalmar Union </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> n73vz5r7a849n51wmerzaxpbe831nrr 10 4988 20647 2020-05-14T20:16:58Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውስትራልያ | flag alias = Flag of Australia.svg | flag alias-1903 = Flag of Australia 1..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውስትራልያ | flag alias = Flag of Australia.svg | flag alias-1903 = Flag of Australia 1903-1909.svg | flag alias-union = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Australia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Australia.svg | flag alias-naval-1913 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | link alias-naval = Royal Australian Navy | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Royal Australian Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Royal Australian Air Force | link alias-football = Australia {{{mw|}}} national association football team | link alias-field hockey = {{#ifeq:{{{mw}}}|women's|Hockeyroos|Australia national field hockey team}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1903 | var2 = civil | var3 = naval-1913 | redir1 = AUS | related1 = Australasia </noinclude> }} 26y6wv1347xn1fkaah3o9qxj6syj4d7 10 4989 20648 2020-05-18T07:54:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣልጀርያ | flag alias = Flag of Algeria.svg | flag alias-1958 = Flag of Algeria (1958-1962)..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣልጀርያ | flag alias = Flag of Algeria.svg | flag alias-1958 = Flag of Algeria (1958-1962).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Algeria.svg | link alias-naval = Algerian National Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1958 | redir1 = DZA | redir2 = ALG </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 9adsoov6nk703mqnjf7rdtzotwj0a3k 10 4990 20649 2020-05-18T08:20:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ባሕሬን | flag alias = Flag of Bahrain.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlin..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ባሕሬን | flag alias = Flag of Bahrain.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} }} aj6t3z8b0hmd2kx7bfbuzuttkuc04jn 10 4991 20712 20650 2020-06-09T08:11:45Z 188.207.235.178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማለዥያ | flag alias = Flag of Malaysia.svg | flag alias-1895 = Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895 - 1946).svg | flag alias-1948 = Flag of Malaya.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Malaysia.svg | link alias-naval = Royal Malaysian Navy | flag alias-air force = Royal Malaysian Air Force Flag.svg | link alias-air force = Royal Malaysian Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1895 | var2 = 1948 | redir1 = MYS | redir2 = MAS | related1 = Malaya </noinclude> }}<noinclude> rrlvoqneicz0ef5fu60li3z2hjovssn 10 4992 20651 2020-05-18T10:22:10Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞሮኮ | flag alias = Flag of Morocco.svg | flag alias-1913 = Flag of Spanish Morocco.svg | fla..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞሮኮ | flag alias = Flag of Morocco.svg | flag alias-1913 = Flag of Spanish Morocco.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Morocco.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Morocco.svg | link alias-naval = Royal Moroccan Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1913 | var2 = civil | redir1 = MAR </noinclude> }} c24cnb060oihqobxu8vgcjbn9sq6fkd 10 4993 23986 23202 2022-11-01T06:54:37Z CommonsDelinker 65 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1987).svg|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1987).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Mdaniels5757|Mdaniels5757]] because: [[:c:COM:CSD#G2|CSD G2]] (unused and implausible, or broken redirect). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣፍጋኒስታን | flag alias = Flag of Taliban.svg | flag alias-1880 = Flag of Afghanistan pre-1901.svg | flag alias-1901 = Flag of Afghanistan 1901.png | flag alias-1919 = Flag of Afghanistan (1919-1928).svg | flag alias-1921 = Flag of Afghanistan (1921-1928).svg | flag alias-1927 = Afghanistan Flag 1928.jpg | flag alias-1928 = Flag of Afghanistan 1928-1929.svg | flag alias-1929 = Flag of Afghanistan 1929.svg | flag alias-1929a = Flag of Afghanistan 1929 to 1930.svg | flag alias-1931 = Flag of Afghanistan 1930.svg | flag alias-1974 = Flag of Afghanistan 1974.svg | flag alias-1978 = Flag of Afghanistan (1978).svg | flag alias-1978a = Flag of Afghanistan 1978 to 1979.svg | flag alias-1980 = Flag of Afghanistan 1980.svg | flag alias-1987 = | flag alias-1992 = Flag of Afghanistan (1992-1996; 2001).svg | flag alias-Taliban = Flag of Taliban.svg | flag alias-2001 = Flag of Afghanistan 2001.svg | flag alias-2002 = Flag of Afghanistan (2002-2004).svg <noinclude> | var1 = 1901 | var2 = 1919 | var3 = 1931 | var4 = 1980 | var5 = 1987 | var6 = 1992 | var7 = Taliban | var8 = 2001 | var9 = 2002 | redir1 = AFG </noinclude> | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} }} ramdg9lt2o47p6v7b9q05tuf3nn5s41 10 4994 20653 2020-05-18T10:55:58Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ካዛኪስታን | flag alias = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Kaza..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ካዛኪስታን | flag alias = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Kazakhstan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = KAZ | related1 = Kazakh SSR </noinclude> }} 642i5cvei1ynqq20p9x9ols1jq4ska0 10 4995 20654 2020-05-18T11:15:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፊንላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Finland.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Finland.sv..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፊንላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Finland.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Finland.svg | link alias-naval = Finnish Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = FIN | related1 = Åland </noinclude> }} njyqb7yl0upz42r7epd96p40ntgw8ci 10 4996 20655 2020-05-18T11:25:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞልዶቫ | flag alias = Flag of Moldova.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlin..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞልዶቫ | flag alias = Flag of Moldova.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = MDA | redir2 = Republic of Moldova | related1 = Moldavian SSR </noinclude> }} iat47kqvrxcqtaciu2ztcgrlg2ni9xe 10 4997 20657 20656 2020-05-18T11:40:48Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ናይጀርያ | flag alias = Flag of Nigeria.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of British Colonial Nigeria.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Nigeria.svg | link alias-naval = Nigerian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | redir1 = NGA | redir2 = NGR </noinclude> }} egqucgiax5ierruzn2tmahizb8vtxj2 10 4998 20658 2020-05-18T11:49:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጋና | flag alias = Flag of Ghana.svg | flag alias-1964 = Ghana flag 1964.svg | flag alias-naval..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጋና | flag alias = Flag of Ghana.svg | flag alias-1964 = Ghana flag 1964.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Ghana.svg | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Ghana Air Force.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | redir1 = GHA | related1 = Gold Coast </noinclude> }} 9qmkq8t5fe33vsfn9c4b21fnya4o23p 10 4999 20659 2020-05-18T12:11:05Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዖማን | flag alias = Flag of Oman.svg | flag alias-1970 = Old Flag of Oman.svg | flag alias-na..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዖማን | flag alias = Flag of Oman.svg | flag alias-1970 = Old Flag of Oman.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Oman.svg | link alias-naval = Royal Navy of Oman | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1970 | redir1 = OMN | redir2 = OMA </noinclude> }} af9kn5f9rsxxqadsgr96ikumy35969d 10 5001 21467 21466 2020-12-13T00:55:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርመንያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርሜንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣርሜንያ | flag alias = Flag of Armenia.svg | flag alias-1918 = Flag of the Democratic Republic of Armenia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1918 | redir1 = ARM | related1 = Armenian SSR </noinclude> }} dsabgkiwot71bzh74u5gfh75wzf0rgp 10 5003 20678 2020-06-03T18:10:50Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቦሊቭያ | flag alias = Flag of Bolivia.svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Bolivia (state).svg |..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቦሊቭያ | flag alias = Flag of Bolivia.svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Bolivia (state).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Bolivia.svg | link alias-naval = Bolivian Naval Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = state | redir1 = BOL </noinclude> }} eozujmyyap86nf8ztvry1p4vrxl5049 10 5004 21765 20680 2021-01-05T19:37:42Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ካመሩን]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ካሜሩን]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ካሜሩን | flag alias = Flag of Cameroon.svg | flag alias-1957 = Flag of Cameroon (1957).svg | flag alias-1961 = Flag of Cameroon (1961).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1957 | var2 = 1961 | redir1 = CMR </noinclude> }} 3851ojz22xsiw8way4vs07i2f8dpign 10 5005 20681 2020-06-04T15:28:37Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዒራቕ | flag alias = Flag of Iraq.svg | flag alias-1924 = Flag of Iraq 1924.svg | flag alias-1..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዒራቕ | flag alias = Flag of Iraq.svg | flag alias-1924 = Flag of Iraq 1924.svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of Iraq 1959-1963.svg | flag alias-1963 = Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Iraq, 1991-2004.svg | flag alias-2004 = Flag of Iraq 2004-2008.svg | link alias-naval = Iraqi Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = IRQ </noinclude> }} 6txqtgsb4fvyiv33mc60gahwm36j7zp 10 5006 20682 2020-06-04T15:38:58Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣዘርባጃን | flag alias = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg | flag alias-1918 = Flag of the Democrati..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣዘርባጃን | flag alias = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg | flag alias-1918 = Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Flag of Azerbaijan.svg | link alias-naval = Azerbaijani Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = AZE | related1 = Azerbaijan SSR </noinclude> }} t7v5gz6fv8ycg4ko4gzuvp5tuzu4bxx 10 5007 20683 2020-06-04T16:05:49Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሆንዱራስ | flag alias = Flag of Honduras.svg | flag alias-1866 = Honduras 1866.svg | flag a..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሆንዱራስ | flag alias = Flag of Honduras.svg | flag alias-1866 = Honduras 1866.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Honduras.svg | link alias-naval = Honduran Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1866 | redir1 = HND | redir2 = HON </noinclude> }} kl1ki3rcfrvbky4lt5n5mlze0j8l0ng 10 5008 20684 2020-06-04T16:24:28Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሱዳን | flag alias = Flag of Sudan.svg | flag alias-1956 = Flag of Sudan (1956-1970).svg | siz..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሱዳን | flag alias = Flag of Sudan.svg | flag alias-1956 = Flag of Sudan (1956-1970).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1956 | redir1 = SDN | redir2 = SUD </noinclude> }} epagok19v14oyyxv1fuz4r9e7mgjnne 10 5009 20685 2020-06-04T16:56:20Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሉክሰምበርግ | flag alias = Flag of Luxembourg.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሉክሰምበርግ | flag alias = Flag of Luxembourg.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = LUX </noinclude> }} k92wc3sev0dwmk3e2qi0t3e5h4pfwpk 10 5010 20686 2020-06-04T17:08:37Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጓቲማላ | flag alias = Flag of Guatemala.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altl..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጓቲማላ | flag alias = Flag of Guatemala.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GTM | redir2 = GUA </noinclude> }} ac8kfo9n2fku7iws7c3vozmcf1wydaq 10 5011 20687 2020-06-04T17:20:52Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሃንጋሪ | flag alias = Flag of Hungary.svg | flag alias-1867 = Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).sv..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሃንጋሪ | flag alias = Flag of Hungary.svg | flag alias-1867 = Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg | flag alias-1920 = Flag of Hungary with arms (state).svg | flag alias-1940 = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg | flag alias-1946 = Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957).svg | flag alias-1949 = Flag of Hungary 1949-1956.svg | flag alias-1957 = Flag of Hungary (1957-1989).svg | 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altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TJK | related1 = Tajik SSR </noinclude> }} d2a994wlp2lewr0ty3guakai4wx7eda 10 5014 20692 2020-06-06T13:43:17Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፖርቶ ሪኮ | flag alias = Flag of Puerto Rico.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}}..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፖርቶ ሪኮ | flag alias = Flag of Puerto Rico.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }} f1f3xo9ezanirv4kx633wyywbp8sas1 10 5015 20693 2020-06-06T14:39:29Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኡዝበኪስታን | flag alias = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኡዝበኪስታን | flag alias = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = UZB | related1 = Uzbek SSR </noinclude> }}<noinclude></noinclude> k22st7t0xjl0wo34pin6p8s69yrqggz 10 5016 20694 2020-06-08T07:20:13Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጊኒ | flag alias = Flag of Guinea.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጊኒ | flag alias = Flag of Guinea.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GIN | redir2 = GUI </noinclude> }} 7rzu3gd4f2wzgnr6fxhusdwc5jqvhpd 10 5017 20695 2020-06-08T07:56:13Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ብ "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሰነጋል | flag alias = Flag of Senegal.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlin..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሰነጋል | flag alias = Flag of Senegal.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SEN </noinclude> }} 1v0v354la3vljsk5jqnhl8ou5h4wbz7 10 5018 22809 21875 2021-06-26T12:16:14Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጅቡቲ | flag alias = Flag of Djibouti.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = DJI | redir2 = ጂቡቲ </noinclude> }} c6nd5jq03secsspg58tzxsa153c6wm3 10 5019 24189 22467 2023-04-18T13:14:33Z CommonsDelinker 65 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo-Léopoldville_(1963–1964);_Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(1964–1966).svg|Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo-Léopoldville_(1963–1964);_Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(1964–1966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ | flag alias = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | flag alias-1960 = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg 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{{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኬንያ | flag alias = Flag of Kenya.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of British East Africa.svg..." ዝተፈጥረ ገጽ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኬንያ | flag alias = Flag of Kenya.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of British East Africa.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Kenya.svg | flag alias-1895 = Flag of British East Africa (1895).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | var2 = 1895 | redir1 = KEN </noinclude> }} pngsxrzuhf55oiqlvnwbxdnxrnxbe0c 10 5030 22779 22153 2021-06-21T10:35:41Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቬኔዝዌላ | flag alias = Flag of Venezuela.svg | flag alias-1836 = Flag of Venezuela (1836-1859).svg | flag alias-1859 = Flag of Venezuela (1859-1863).svg | flag alias-1863 = Flag of Venezuela (1863-1905).svg | flag 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{{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1992 | redir1 = BIH | redir2 = Bosnia-Herzegovina | related1 = SR Bosnia and Herzegovina | related2 = Republika Srpska | related3 = Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> pua2y4njdr5nu6gp565ykymrsiwm8lq 10 5033 20720 2020-06-11T20:24:57Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሶማልያ | flag alias = Flag of Somalia.svg | link alias-naval = Somali Navy | size = {{{size...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሶማልያ | flag alias = Flag of Somalia.svg | link alias-naval = Somali Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SOM | related1 = Somaliland </noinclude> }} toiduratfbhig07vwl65xpq5cq1ygsi 10 5034 20721 2020-06-11T20:45:27Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ክሮኤሽያ | flag alias = Flag of Croatia.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Croatia.s...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ክሮኤሽያ | flag alias = Flag of Croatia.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Croatia.svg | flag alias-1990 = Flag of Croatia (1990).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Croatia.svg | link alias-naval = Croatian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = civil | var2 = 1990 | redir1 = HRV | redir2 = CRO | related1 = Independent State of Croatia | related2 = SR Croatia </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> fpfs7uauobcqz0gs9dw82kskdijrk6p 10 5035 20722 2020-06-11T20:56:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኩባ | flag alias = Flag of Cuba.svg | link alias-naval = Cuban Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | nam...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኩባ | flag alias = Flag of Cuba.svg | link alias-naval = Cuban Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = CUB </noinclude> }} fosa1wgctb9lsb9azm8sugjifzeqos4 10 5036 24686 20723 2024-01-22T03:51:38Z Mitte27 9653 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Ethiopia 1987-1991.PNG]] → [[File:Flag of Ethiopia (1987-1991).png]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢትዮጵያ | flag alias = Flag of Ethiopia.svg | flag alias-1897 = Flag of Ethiopia (1897).svg | flag alias-1975 = Flag of Ethiopia (1975-1987, 1991-1996).svg | flag alias-1987 = Flag of Ethiopia (1987-1991).png | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1897 | var2 = 1975 | var3 = 1987 | redir1 = ETH </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> cf6a9barhqsyfq02qzts00yiyi4goo5 10 5037 20724 2020-06-11T21:35:49Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማዮት | flag alias = Flag of France.svg | flag alias-local = Flag of Mayotte (local).svg | si...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማዮት | flag alias = Flag of France.svg | flag alias-local = Flag of Mayotte (local).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = local | redir1 = MYT </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> bjrxyl8ewtw64s33ccqqd2o6wx0gmn3 10 5038 20725 2020-06-11T21:54:03Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኪርጊዝስታን | flag alias = Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኪርጊዝስታን | flag alias = Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | name alias-basketball = Kyrgyzstan | link alias-basketball = Kyrgyzstan {{{mw|}}} national basketball team | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = KGZ | related1 = Kirghiz SSR </noinclude> }} p9nv6ubbjeg8gpr45a3fgw02tlsx6p3 0 5039 24608 24529 2023-11-28T11:02:36Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} '''ሻምቡቆ''' [[ንኡስ ዞባ]] ንእሽተይ ከተማ ኮይና ኣብ ዞባ ጋሽ ባርካ ኣብ [[ኤርትራ]] ትርከብ። [[መደብ:ኤርትራ]] 2mv83dmjg5hqr0c1e6lx4x3vub3gr1f 10 5040 20728 2020-06-12T09:39:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤስቶንያ | flag alias = Flag of Estonia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Estonia.s...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤስቶንያ | flag alias = Flag of Estonia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Estonia.svg | link alias-naval = Estonian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = EST | related1 = Estonian SSR </noinclude> }} bkszuve3no47nyqleb3k3m1tb5fkoon 10 5041 20729 2020-06-12T09:54:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማልዲቭስ | flag alias = Flag of Maldives.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | a...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማልዲቭስ | flag alias = Flag of Maldives.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} }} bh0dceny3dy3xpfb1d1ouyqhwsvc2yc 10 5042 20730 2020-06-12T10:00:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስሪ ላንካ | flag alias = Flag of Sri Lanka.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Sri La...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስሪ ላንካ | flag alias = Flag of Sri Lanka.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Sri Lanka.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = LKA | redir2 = SRI | related1 = Ceylon </noinclude> }} aupr9c34bfxkx820sic9vgg6fn7hxlg 10 5043 20731 2020-06-12T10:09:20Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣይስላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Iceland.svg | flag alias-old = Hvítbláinn.svg | flag...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣይስላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Iceland.svg | flag alias-old = Hvítbláinn.svg | flag alias-naval = Flag of Iceland (state).svg | flag alias-1918 = Light Blue Flag of Iceland.svg | border-naval = | link alias-naval = Icelandic Coast Guard | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = old | var2 = 1918 | redir1 = ISL </noinclude> }} 4vv3ndyhe950ltx4rm2xfclg7luhimo 10 5044 21674 21673 2020-12-21T14:35:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሊቱዌንያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ሊትዌንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሊትዌንያ | flag alias = Flag of Lithuania.svg | flag alias-1918 = Flag of Lithuania 1918-1940.svg | flag alias-1989 = Flag of Lithuania 1989-2004.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Lithuania.svg | link alias-naval = Lithuanian Naval Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1918 | var2 = 1989 | redir1 = LTU | related1 = Lithuanian SSR </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 2iuinleq103e6t64qsrecu86v58lf3h 10 5045 20733 2020-06-12T10:30:16Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ | flag alias = Flag of the Central African Republic....» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ | flag alias = Flag of the Central African Republic.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = CAF | redir2 = CTA </noinclude> }} 9c859zgrjn9uj03sfc1msmafxb15jgd 10 5046 20735 20734 2020-06-12T10:36:06Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ ሱዳን | flag alias = Flag of South Sudan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | redir1 = SSD | redir2 = Southern Sudan | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 4lzwmtljzdwbw8jdnbm6cwe5tpv2ye3 10 5047 20736 2020-06-12T10:40:48Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማሊ | flag alias = Flag of Mali.svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of Mali 1959-1961.svg | size = {{...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማሊ | flag alias = Flag of Mali.svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of Mali 1959-1961.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1959 | redir1 = MLI </noinclude> }} h2t0z2bg734oi7b6oslmx0pxi2dxrxy 10 5048 20738 2020-06-12T10:53:54Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ኦስትሪያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ኦስትርያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኦስትርያ]] hm5nyu6mcfywpgup5e7f7ohh0r84zpx 10 5049 20740 2020-06-12T10:56:32Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስሎቫክያ | flag alias = Flag of Slovakia.svg | flag alias-1938 = Flag of First Slovak Repu...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስሎቫክያ | flag alias = Flag of Slovakia.svg | flag alias-1938 = Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg | name alias-basketball = Slovak Republic | link alias-basketball = Slovak Republic {{{mw|}}} national basketball team | name alias-badminton = Slovak Republic | link alias-badminton = Slovak Republic national badminton team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1938 | redir1 = SVK | related1 = Czechoslovakia </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 1ljfla2lathdbn37r1oxiqffg6ucgm1 10 5050 20746 2020-06-12T12:53:06Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ቸክ ረፑብሊክ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ]] d81szthld91y9rerdh9mp8bo5ayfbms 10 5051 20748 2020-06-12T13:11:03Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኮስታ ሪካ | flag alias = Flag of Costa Rica.svg | flag alias-1848 = Bandera de Costa Rica...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኮስታ ሪካ | flag alias = Flag of Costa Rica.svg | flag alias-1848 = Bandera de Costa Rica de 1848.svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1848 | var2 = state | redir1 = CRI | redir2 = CRC </noinclude> }} r8rt5mokz6nm23e6bievhm7hrp7yg1m 10 5052 20749 2020-06-12T13:49:56Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኒው ዚላንድ | flag alias = Flag of New Zealand.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of N...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኒው ዚላንድ | flag alias = Flag of New Zealand.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of New Zealand.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of New Zealand.svg | flag alias-naval-1941 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | link alias-naval = Royal New Zealand Navy | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Royal New Zealand Air Force | link alias-field hockey = {{#ifeq:{{{mw}}}|women's|Black Sticks Women|Black Sticks Men}} | link alias-softball = Black Socks | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = civil | var2 = naval-1941 | redir1 = NZL </noinclude> }} emviu3xvbbx5170wrk6gfkssatqju1t 10 5053 20751 2020-06-13T09:34:46Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስሎቬንያ | flag alias = Flag of Slovenia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | a...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስሎቬንያ | flag alias = Flag of Slovenia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SVN | redir2 = SLO | related1 = SR Slovenia </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> ki3g1a36ocz5jnwm6udbn7z5fzlbs2l 10 5054 20752 2020-06-13T09:44:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኒካራጓ | flag alias = Flag of Nicaragua.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኒካራጓ | flag alias = Flag of Nicaragua.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = NIC | redir2 = NCA </noinclude> }} ad6aqs8j67fsea6omlouxhdd7evznuk 10 5055 20753 2020-06-15T11:55:08Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማውሪታንያ | flag alias = Flag of Mauritania.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማውሪታንያ | flag alias = Flag of Mauritania.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = MRT | redir2 = MTN </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> q952qij94nsfpb9vofk3k336vqt84ub 10 5056 20754 2020-06-15T12:16:13Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሊባኖስ | flag alias = Flag of Lebanon.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altli...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሊባኖስ | flag alias = Flag of Lebanon.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = LBN | redir2 = LIB </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> mpgczsv7vxwpbyj9e835opoe6aly3ps 10 5057 20755 2020-06-15T13:04:17Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጊኒ-ቢሳው | flag alias = Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጊኒ-ቢሳው | flag alias = Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GNB | redir2 = GBS </noinclude> }} 1uwam19pziy3maraly87c1oq8ri3ah9 10 5058 21835 20756 2021-01-06T15:46:53Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኮሶቮ | flag alias = Flag of Kosovo.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኮሶቮ | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = KOS | redir2 = ሪፓብሊክ ኮሶቮ </noinclude> }} 41woqyhdgsuyg3rif0h76laq4m0sljk 10 5059 20757 2020-06-15T13:25:10Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዛምብያ | flag alias = Flag of Zambia.svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Zambia (1964-1996).svg...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዛምብያ | flag alias = Flag of Zambia.svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Zambia (1964-1996).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ZMB | redir2 = ZAM | var1 = 1964 | related1 = Northern Rhodesia </noinclude> }} 2x6q397i114a4fi0fmthg3ldo3dyj9q 10 5060 20758 2020-06-16T08:51:30Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ | flag alias = Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | nam...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ | flag alias = Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} }} ljbab78wm2iauvsps9t32wn7aof2ycx 10 5061 20759 2020-06-16T13:01:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፓራጓይ | flag alias = Flag of Paraguay.svg | flag alias-1812 = Flag of Paraguay 1812 to 182...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፓራጓይ | flag alias = Flag of Paraguay.svg | flag alias-1812 = Flag of Paraguay 1812 to 1826.svg | flag alias-1826 = Flag of Paraguay 1826.svg | flag alias-1842 = Flag of Paraguay 1842.png | flag alias-1954 = Flag of Paraguay 1954.png | flag alias-1988 = Flag of Paraguay 1988.png | link alias-naval = Paraguayan Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = PRY | redir2 = PAR | var1 = 1812 | var2 = 1826 | var3 = 1842 | var4 = 1954 | var5 = 1988 </noinclude> }} 3qck85sczar7ro25md24wqqz87nabiv 10 5062 20760 2020-06-16T13:24:51Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማዳጋስካር | flag alias = Flag of Madagascar.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማዳጋስካር | flag alias = Flag of Madagascar.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = MDG | redir2 = MAD </noinclude> }} 6a5ag6usbccrwsb0om79gx5ufnwj9qo 10 5063 22774 22765 2021-06-21T09:23:47Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ፈረንሳዊት ጊያና | flag alias = Flag of France.svg | flag alias-local = Flag of French Guiana.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = local | redir1 = GUF | redir2 = ፈረንሳዊት ጉያና </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> ckduxrl28x4k4vfctiri8s0dtfzn9yj 10 5064 22866 20762 2021-07-12T22:34:22Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሴራ ልዮን | flag alias = Flag of Sierra Leone.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Sierra Leone.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SLE | redir2 = ሰራልዮን </noinclude> }} 7ygql6yaxf8s563n8ajkg528238p0i4 10 5065 20763 2020-06-16T16:02:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሆንግ ኮንግ | flag alias = Flag of Hong Kong.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሆንግ ኮንግ | flag alias = Flag of Hong Kong.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }} odtntckld0i228lu5rsx6f2ngr1xjo5 10 5066 20767 2020-06-19T09:28:34Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቱኒዝያ | flag alias = Flag of Tunisia.svg | flag alias-old = Pre-1999 Flag of Tunisia.svg |...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቱኒዝያ | flag alias = Flag of Tunisia.svg | flag alias-old = Pre-1999 Flag of Tunisia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = old | redir1 = TUN </noinclude> }} 2nsgy40y1lgrhylyb62j5w4mvbxs1q8 10 5067 24589 20768 2023-11-25T04:37:00Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Transnistria.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Transnistria_(variant).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Since it is not the official flag exce wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ትራንስኒስትርያ | flag alias = Flag of Transnistria (variant).svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Transnistria (state).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = state | redir1 = Pridnestrovie </noinclude> }} pu0f6b5nnvclrs2c88vfwxtryicot8p 10 5068 20769 2020-06-19T13:28:48Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ላትቭያ | flag alias = Flag of Latvia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Latvia.svg |...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ላትቭያ | flag alias = Flag of Latvia.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Latvia.svg | link alias-naval = Latvian Naval Forces | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = LVA | redir2 = LAT | related1 = Latvian SSR </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> ocyb9xnobeyimd8ce78wdxwmfm1arm4 10 5069 20770 2020-06-20T13:43:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኒጀር | flag alias = Flag of Niger.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink =...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኒጀር | flag alias = Flag of Niger.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = NER | redir2 = NIG </noinclude> }} 2k7ajvg43xurx2wm0fg57wozzmph2a7 10 5070 20771 2020-06-20T14:00:49Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዮርዳኖስ | flag alias = Flag of Jordan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዮርዳኖስ | flag alias = Flag of Jordan.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = JOR </noinclude> }} 71l229n4em3kh5hphvc1542xf0vi36c 10 5071 20772 2020-06-20T14:19:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቆጵሮስ | flag alias = Flag of Cyprus.svg | flag alias-colonial = Blue Ensign of Cyprus (192...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቆጵሮስ | flag alias = Flag of Cyprus.svg | flag alias-colonial = Blue Ensign of Cyprus (1922).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = CYP | var1 = colonial </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> q0c189hs1nmdytmx6ykozbrq9q7ba1n 10 5072 20773 2020-06-20T14:25:17Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = የመን | flag alias = Flag of Yemen.svg | flag alias-1923 = Flag of Yemen 1923.svg | flag alia...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = የመን | flag alias = Flag of Yemen.svg | flag alias-1923 = Flag of Yemen 1923.svg | flag alias-1927 = Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg | flag alias-1962 = Flag of North Yemen.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1923 | var2 = 1927 | var3 = 1962 | redir1 = YEM | related1 = North Yemen | related2 = South Yemen | related3 = Aden | related4 = South Arabia </noinclude> }} 4nvrqdsyr2z9x88iqhfxlz9kfq9e8xk 10 5073 20774 2020-06-21T21:47:42Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቡርኪና ፋሶ | flag alias = Flag of Burkina Faso.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቡርኪና ፋሶ | flag alias = Flag of Burkina Faso.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = BFA | redir2 = BUR | related1 = Upper Volta </noinclude> }} 12082wqawydszamnnyq5egoazwcbwhg 10 5074 20775 2020-06-21T22:05:08Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጆርጅያ | flag alias = Flag of Georgia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altli...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጆርጅያ | flag alias = Flag of Georgia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} }} jric14rdybek6wtwlyn55f5t6yllx17 10 5075 22465 20776 2021-03-02T15:40:33Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Congo.svg with [[File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · https:// wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ | flag alias = Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg | flag alias-1970 = Flag of the People's Republic of the Congo.svg | link alias-basketball = Republic of the Congo {{{mw|}}} national basketball team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1970 | redir1 = COG | redir2 = CGO | redir3 = Congo, Republic of the | redir4 = Congo | redir5 = Congo-Brazzaville </noinclude> }} 7pugumm4p9bl4rpzdvcze9hu4tq2rev 10 5076 20777 2020-06-21T22:33:34Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጫድ | flag alias = Flag of Chad.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{a...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጫድ | flag alias = Flag of Chad.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TCD | redir2 = CHA </noinclude> }} 723mx1jlnji8o7in9ilok914wpdvutj 10 5077 23984 20778 2022-10-29T22:08:44Z Εὐθυμένης 7514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣንዶራ | flag alias = Flag of Andorra.svg | flag alias-1806 = Flag of Andorra 1806.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1806 | redir1 = AND </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 46txa1fhf9ki4bw17miiridqks3mkm8 10 5078 22766 20779 2021-06-21T09:02:25Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኡራጓይ | flag alias = Flag of Uruguay.svg | link alias-naval = Uruguayan Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = URY | redir2 = URU | redir3 = ኡሩጓይ </noinclude> }}<noinclude></noinclude> 5zo096kqptcrpqknds2dtlko3hbe1ht 10 5079 23559 23108 2022-05-01T21:10:31Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ዶኔትስክ | shortname alias = ዶኔትስክ | flag alias = Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | flag alias-first = Flag of the Donetsk People's Republic.svg | flag alias-org = Flag of the Donetsk Republic (Organisation).svg | flag alias-DKR = Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg | flag alias-2014 = New Donetsk Peoples Republic flag.svg | flag alias-communist = Flag of the Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic.svg | flag alias-novorossiya = War flag of Novorussia.svg <noinclude> | var1 = first | var2 = org | var3 = DKR | var4 = 2014 | var5 = communist | var6 = novorossiya | redir1 = DPR </noinclude> }} 4dvltum7q8hbyyaegjgr423915wyc2e 10 5080 20782 2020-06-22T00:48:49Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኬፕ ቨርደ | flag alias = Flag of Cape Verde.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኬፕ ቨርደ | flag alias = Flag of Cape Verde.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} }} jxzku25vuqppgaq2b5hbwxg9ph618cq 10 5081 20783 2020-06-22T11:27:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኡጋንዳ | flag alias = Flag of Uganda.svg | flag alias-colonial = Ugandaoflag.gif | flag ali...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኡጋንዳ | flag alias = Flag of Uganda.svg | flag alias-colonial = Ugandaoflag.gif | flag alias-1962 = Flag of Uganda 1962.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | var2 = 1962 | redir1 = UGA </noinclude> }} e6m2gobnbazbw0u8i0lh6wifld427km 10 5082 21819 20784 2021-01-06T04:05:45Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሃገረ ፍልስጤም | shortname alias = ፍልስጤም | flag alias = Flag of Palestine.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ፍልስጤም | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = PLE | redir2 = Palestinian territories | related1 = Palestinian Authority | related2 = British Mandate for Palestine </noinclude> }} q2v3p5l7m585ykbt7vxp1bdz9tvaby3 10 5083 22778 22776 2021-06-21T09:53:00Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቤኒን | flag alias = Flag of Benin.svg | flag alias-1975 = Flag of Benin (1975-1990).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1975 | redir1 = BEN | redir2 = በኒን | related1 = Dahomey </noinclude> }} g278megtykrcaoptycm6rh9vfqr2cea 10 5084 20786 2020-06-22T13:02:03Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞዛምቢክ | flag alias = Flag of Mozambique.svg | flag alias-1974 = Flag of Mozambique (197...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞዛምቢክ | flag alias = Flag of Mozambique.svg | flag alias-1974 = Flag of Mozambique (1974-1975).svg | flag alias-1975 = Flag of Mozambique (1975-1983).svg | flag alias-1983 = Flag of Mozambique (1983).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1974 | var2 = 1975 | var3 = 1983 | redir1 = MOZ </noinclude> }} mcxlcrm1fv54ewqnt2oxm4kqvrw1cxg 10 5085 20787 2020-06-22T13:11:30Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማላዊ | flag alias = Flag of Malawi.svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Malawi 1964-2010.svg | si...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማላዊ | flag alias = Flag of Malawi.svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Malawi 1964-2010.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | redir1 = MWI | redir2 = MAW </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 7klq6k8ffbdj0cxw48us3gxn0np6nzu 0 5095 23976 23975 2022-10-16T21:57:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/193.170.118.141|193.170.118.141]] ([[User talk:193.170.118.141|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ውድብ |ስም = ጉግል |መበቆላዊ_ስም = ጉግል ው.ሓ.ኩ. (Google LLC) |ኣርማ = Google 2015 logo.svg |መጠን_ኣርማ = 200px |ምስሊ = Googleplex HQ (cropped).jpg |መጠን_ምስሊ = 250px |እግሪ_ምስሊ = [[ጉግልፕለክስ]] (ኣብያተ ጽሕፈት ትካላት) ብሓምለ 2016 |ዓይነት = ህዝባዊ |ኢንዱስትሪ = [[ኢንተርነት]]<br />[[ሶፍትዌር]]<br />[[ሃርድዌር]]<br />[[ቴክኖሎጂ]] |መሰረት = {{ዕለት|4|9|1998|ዕድመ}} |መስረትቲ = {{Property|p112}} |ዋና_መኣዘዚ_ቦታ = 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway<br />{{flagdeco|ኣመሪካ}} [[ማውንቴን ቪው]]፣ [[ካሊፎርንያ]]፣ [[ኣመሪካ]] |ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ዋና ፈጻሚ ስራሕ]] |ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ሹንዳር ፒቸይ]] |ቦታ_ስራሕ = [[ዓለም|ዓለምለኻዊ]] |ፍርያት = [[ዝርዝር ፍርያት ጉግል]] |እቶት = 66,001,000,000 [[ዶላር ኣመሪካ]] |ሰራሕተኛታት = 139,995 |መርበብ_ሓበሬታ = {{URL|https://www.google.com}} }} '''ጉግል ው.ሓ.ኩ''' (ውሱን ሓላፍነት ኩባንያ) (ብ[[እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ Google LLC)፣ ናይ [[ኣመሪካ|ኣመሪካዊ]] [[ኣልፋበት (ዋኒን)|ኣልፋበት]] ቀንዲ መለስተኛ (subsidiary) ኩባንያ እዩ፣ ፍሉይ ክእለቱ ድማ ምስ [[ኢንተርነት]]፣ [[ሶፍትዌር]]፣ ኤለክትሮኒካዊ መሳርሒታትን ካልኦት ቴክኖሎጂታትን ዝተኣሳሰሩ ፍርያትን ኣገልግሎታትን እዮም። ቀንዲ ፍርያት ጉግል ተመሳሳሊ ስም ዘሎ ናይ ኢንተርነት ትሕዝቶ ምድላይ ሞተር እዩ፣ ዋላ እኳ ካልኦት ፍርያትን ኣገልግሎታትን ከምቲ ናይ [[ጉግል ድራይቭ]] (Google Drive) ቤት ጽሕፈት ተርታ ኣቕሑ፣ እቲ [[ጂመይል]] (Gmail) ዝበሃል [[ኢመይል]]፣ ናይ [[ጉግል ካርታታት]] (Google Maps)፣ [[ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው]]ን (Google Street View) [[ጉግል ኤርዝ]]ን (Google Earth) ናይ ካርታ ኣገልግሎታቱ፣ እቲ ናይ [[ዩትዩብ]] (YouTube) ቪድዮታት መርበብ ሓበሬታን ካልኦት ናይ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ኣገልግሎታትን ከም [[ጉግል መጻሕፍቲ]] (Google Books)፣ [[ጉግል ዜና]]ን (Google News) [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]]ን (Google Translate) የቕርብ እንተኾነ። == ታሪኽ == [[ፋይል:Google page brin.jpg|thumb|ላሪ ፐይጅን ሰርገይ ብሪንን፣ መስራትቲ ጉግል፣ ብመስከረም 2003።]] ጉግል ኣብ 1998 ብላሪ ፐይጅን ሰርገይ ብሪን ዝተባህሉ ሰባት’ዩ ተመሰሪቱ። እዞም ክልተ መንእሰያት ኣብ ስታንድፎርድ ዩንቨርሲቲይ ተመሃሮ ፒኤችዲ ዲግሪ እንከለዉ’ዮም መስሪቶሞ። ላሪ ፐይጅን ሰርጊ ብሪን 14% እዚ ትካል ክውንኑ እንከለዉ፡ 56% ድማ ብ(ስቶክ ሆልደርስ)’ዩ ዝውነን። ጉግል ኣብ 4 መስከረም 1998 ናብ ናይ ውልቂ ትካል ተሰጋገረ። ኣብ 19 ነሓሰ 2004፣ ናብ ላዕለዋይ ቤት ጽሕፈቱ ‘ካሊፎርንያ’ ዝገዓዘ ጉግል፣ ንፈለማ እዋን ናብ ህዝቢ ዝቐርብ፦ “ጉግል ፕለክስ” ዝብል ስም ተዋህቦ። ኣብ ነሓሰ 2015፣ ጉግል ነቲ ዝተፈላለየ ድሌታት ዘለዎ መደባቱ፣ ኣብ ሓደ ጠርኒፉ መደባቱ ከምዘተዓራሪ ንህዝቢ ኣፍለጠ። ካብ ዝጠራነፍ ኣትሒዙ ቅልጡፍ ዕብየት ዘርኣየ ጉግል፣ ብሓንሳዕ’ዩ ዝተፈላለዩ መደባት ኣቕሪቡ። ዝተፈላለዩ ነገራት ደሊኻ ኣብ ጉግል ኣቲኻ ምርካብ፣ ንስራሕ ዘድልዪ ነገራት ኣገልግሎት ምሃብ፣ ፍርያት ጉግል ከም ወረቃቕቲ፣ ኢሜይል፣ ምስራዕ ምትዕርራይ መደባት፣ ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢ መስመራት፣ ብጽሑፍን ብቪዲዮን መልእኽቲ ምስዳድ፣ ቋንቋ ምቕያር፣ ካርታ ሃገራት ምሕባር፣ ዝተፈላለዩ ጽሑፋትን ኣገልግሎታትን የዳሉ። ካብዚ ቀጺሉ ጉግል ኣብ ሞባይል ኣንድሮይድ፣ ጉግል ክሮም ዌብ ብሮውሰር፣ ክሮም ኦስን ኣብ ሞባይል ዝሰርሑ ዝተፈላለዩ ሶፍትዌራትን ኣተኣታትዩ’ዩ። ጉግል ካብ 2010 ኣትሒዙ ክሳብ 2015 ዝተፈላለዩ ንብረት እዩ ኣፍሪዩ። እዚ ትካል ምስ ዝተፈላለየ ኤለክትሮኒካዊ ነገራት ዘፍርያ ትካላት ብምሕባር፡ ከም ሞባይልን መጉልሒ ድምጽን ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2016 ኣቕሪቡ። ጉግል፣ ብተወሳኺ እቲ ቀንዲ ተሰካሚ ኢንተርነት ክኸውን ክኢሉ’ዩ። ጉግል፣ ዩቱብን ብሎገርን ዝርከብዎ ኣብ ዓለም ካብቶም ዝያዳ ተጠቀምቲ ዘለዉዎ መስመራት ኢንተርነት ተባሂሉ ተጠቒሱ’ዩ። እዚ ትካል ምስቶም ፍሉጣትን ክቡራትን ትካላት ዓለምና’ዩ ዝስራዕ። እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እንከሎ ግን፣ ኣብ ውልቃዊ ጉዳያት፣ ምውጋድ ቀረጽ፣ ዘይእመን ሜማ ወይ ሰንሰር ኣብ ዝኣመሰሉ ክስታትን ኣገደስቲ ነቐፌታትን ይቐርቦ እዩ። ዕላማ ጉግል፦ “ኣብ ዓለም ዘሎ ሓበሬታታት ብምዕራይ፣ ንኩሉ ብማዕረ ንኽበጽሕን ጠቓሚ ክኸውንን” ዝብል እዩ። nm8sub3cshun860o8otsrlempckz9h6 10 5096 24015 20823 2022-11-22T15:16:13Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Sao_Tome_and_Principe.svg with [[File:Flag_of_São_Tomé_and_Príncipe.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሳኦ ቶመን ፕሪንሲፐን | flag alias = Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = STP </noinclude> }} ifgwq05pbf7rkt9zaracccmxviwni58 10 5097 20824 2020-07-14T23:01:29Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዚምባብዌ | flag alias = Flag of Zimbabwe.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | a...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ዚምባብዌ | flag alias = Flag of Zimbabwe.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ZWE | redir2 = ZIM | related1 = Rhodesia | related2 = Southern Rhodesia | related3 = Zimbabwe Rhodesia </noinclude> }} kbjjf8ympg5lobdga79oxis1nd78cn6 10 5098 20825 2020-07-14T23:10:27Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ላይበርያ | flag alias = Flag of Liberia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | al...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ላይበርያ | flag alias = Flag of Liberia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = LBR </noinclude> }} 95ykszy3du25lez3obuwv2lwhvp43we 10 5099 20826 2020-07-14T23:17:51Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ናሚብያ | flag alias = Flag of Namibia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altli...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ናሚብያ | flag alias = Flag of Namibia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = NAM </noinclude> }} gug0fx3sdsvwztpvnjv1g91wo3k8q6l 10 5100 20827 2020-07-14T23:28:35Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሱሪናም | flag alias = Flag of Suriname.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altl...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሱሪናም | flag alias = Flag of Suriname.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SUR | related1 = Dutch Guiana </noinclude> }} ctxe1zrhec3vcjvgcqbpomsn8eo9vmo 10 5101 24562 24561 2023-11-08T00:38:52Z Fry1989 2336 ([[Commons:Commons:GlobalReplace|GlobalReplace v0.6.5]]) wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጃማይካ | flag alias = Flag of Jamaica.svg | flag alias-1906 = Flag of Jamaica (1906-1957).svg | flag alias-1957 = Flag of Jamaica (1957-1962).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Jamaica.svg | link alias-naval = Jamaica Defence Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1906 | var2 = 1957 | redir1 = JAM </noinclude> }} lvqlpoa9cc0x8f47ikhlzdog7ejxd0q 10 5102 20829 2020-07-14T23:48:37Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቶጎ | flag alias = Flag of Togo.svg | flag alias-1957 = Flag of Togo (1957-1958).svg | flag al...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቶጎ | flag alias = Flag of Togo.svg | flag alias-1957 = Flag of Togo (1957-1958).svg | flag alias-1958 = Flag of Togo (1958-1960).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1957 | var2 = 1958 | redir1 = TGO | redir2 = TOG </noinclude> }}<noinclude></noinclude> gc4qsdkbmnborafp8ha38i15pneend4 10 5103 23957 20830 2022-10-01T10:28:57Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Old_Flag_of_San_Marino.svg with [[File:San_Marino_1465_Battle_Standard_-_Verter_Casali_reconstruction.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambigu wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሳን ማሪኖ | flag alias = Flag of San Marino.svg | flag alias-1465 = San Marino 1465 Battle Standard - Verter Casali reconstruction.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1465 | redir1 = SMR </noinclude> }} hh4qnaec0gccgb6spaaxkjzq84a6ogj 10 5104 20831 2020-07-15T15:08:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማልታ | flag alias = Flag of Malta.svg | flag alias-1898 = Flag of Malta (1898-1923).svg | fl...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማልታ | flag alias = Flag of Malta.svg | flag alias-1898 = Flag of Malta (1898-1923).svg | flag alias-1923 = Flag of Malta (1923-1943).svg | flag alias-1943 = Flag of Malta (1943-1964).svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of Malta (1943-1964).svg <!-- deprecated, but in use --> | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Malta.svg | link alias-naval = Armed Forces of Malta | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1898 | var2 = 1923 | var3 = 1943 | var4 = civil | redir1 = MLT | related1 = Sovereign Military Order of Malta </noinclude> }} sfuxkr3wb3vsmlnag8qmtazwkidwg60 10 5105 21883 21881 2021-01-10T00:29:36Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ርዩንየን | flag alias = Flag of France.svg | flag alias-local = Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg | flag alias-football = Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg | flag alias-beach soccer = Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg | flag alias-futsal = Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ርዩንየን | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = local | redir1 = REU </noinclude> }} 5kf6o5mlafs9tdzqryh156ftph6fcfz 10 5106 20833 2020-07-15T19:00:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሶማሊላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Somaliland.svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Somaliland u...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሶማሊላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Somaliland.svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Somaliland until 1996.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1991 </noinclude> }} 72vt2glkldx222lbutnzhhk8m5bor0p 10 5107 23560 20834 2022-05-01T21:10:40Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሉሃንስክ | shortname alias = ሉሃንስክ | flag alias = Flag of Lugansk People's Republic.svg | flag alias-third = Flag of Lugansk People's Republic.svg | flag alias-second= Flag of the Lugansk People's Republic (Late 2014).svg | flag alias-first = Flag of rastyazhka-Luganskoj.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = first | var2 = second | var3 = third </noinclude> }} ptgdfizu1yyp3fnltf0k5ve9368mx1b 10 5108 20835 2020-07-15T19:15:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣንጎላ | flag alias = Flag of Angola.svg | link alias-naval = Angolan Navy | size = {{{size...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣንጎላ | flag alias = Flag of Angola.svg | link alias-naval = Angolan Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = AGO | redir2 = ANG </noinclude> }} ald9c4wvey7jnq2mlojzuiqwdy6hwwz 10 5109 20836 2020-07-15T19:21:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ታንዛንያ | flag alias = Flag of Tanzania.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | a...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ታንዛንያ | flag alias = Flag of Tanzania.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TZA | redir2 = TAN | related1 = Tanganyika | related2 = Zanzibar </noinclude> }} e5jsauki3hr8w4enda1ch2qrmpsm51q 10 5110 20840 20838 2020-07-15T19:31:05Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ታይዋን | shortname alias = ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና | flag alias = Flag of the Republic of China.svg | flag alias-1912 = Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg | flag alias-army = Republic of China Army Flag.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of the Republic of China.svg | link alias-football = Chinese Taipei {{{mw|}}} national football team | link alias-basketball = Chinese Taipei {{{mw|}}} national basketball team | link alias-rugby union = Chinese Taipei {{{mw|}}} national rugby union team | link alias-tennis = China {{{mw}}} Cup team | name alias-tennis = China | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1912 | var2 = civil | redir1 = ROC | redir2 = TWN | redir3 = China, Republic of | related1 = Taiwan | related2 = Chinese Taipei </noinclude> }} hoktxj44lw0wa0nmmsqir09zryp2yl5 10 5111 20839 2020-07-15T19:30:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ታይዋን]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና]] avsivyo5xey0km5upvgq6zjnyti2veb 10 5112 20841 2020-07-15T19:34:27Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሶርያ | flag alias = Flag of Syria.svg | flag alias-1932 = Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg | f...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሶርያ | flag alias = Flag of Syria.svg | flag alias-1932 = Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg | flag alias-1963 = Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg | flag alias-1972 = Flag of Syria 1972.svg | link alias-naval = Syrian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1932 | var2 = 1963 | var3 = 1972 | redir1 = SYR </noinclude> }} 0tqle1k1l50h5lm2xsrsb22jqbtel7a 10 5113 20842 2020-07-15T19:45:22Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቦትስዋና | flag alias = Flag of Botswana.svg | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Botswa...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቦትስዋና | flag alias = Flag of Botswana.svg | flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Botswana Defence Force Air Wing.svg | link alias-air force = Botswana Defence Force Air Wing | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = BWA | redir2 = BOT </noinclude> }} d64kgzsd62i5q2rg46deq6jobkw647e 10 5114 20843 2020-07-15T19:51:30Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቬትናም | flag alias = Flag of Vietnam.svg | flag alias-1890 = Flag of South Vietnam.svg | f...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቬትናም | flag alias = Flag of Vietnam.svg | flag alias-1890 = Flag of South Vietnam.svg | flag alias-1920 = Second flag of the Nguyen Dynasty.svg | flag alias-1945 = Old Flag Of Vietnam.svg | link alias-naval = Vietnamese People's Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1890 | var2 = 1920 | var3 = 1945 | redir1 = VNM | redir2 = VIE | redir3 = Viet Nam | related1 = South Vietnam | related2 = North Vietnam </noinclude> }}<noinclude></noinclude> l2ust3k4qiu4j6anjkfe6hzso3fjlli 10 5115 20874 20872 2020-08-09T00:26:08Z Joanmp14 5782 correction wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማውሪሸስ | flag alias = Flag of Mauritius.svg | flag alias-1923 = Flag of Mauritius 1923.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Mauritius.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Mauritius.svg | link alias-naval = National Coast Guard of Mauritius | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1923 | var2 = civil | redir1 = MUS | redir2 = MRI </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> fromxq8w35qum0vg8217y7lkfvru6fi 0 5116 21894 20847 2021-01-11T15:12:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Changed redirect target from [[ተጠቃሚ:ኒምሮድ መንሱር]] to [[ተጠቃሚ:Nimrod Mensur]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ተጠቃሚ:Nimrod Mensur]] h9vvrlkq2utlbmrh7ka3rg702s6bu2q 10 5117 20852 2020-07-22T20:14:51Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Welcome]] to [[ሞደል:ሰላምታ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሰላምታ]] 69a17xmb3xutv6kmwgpnmf016r5pq57 8 5119 22869 22521 2021-07-14T22:18:22Z Joanmp14 5782 new banner wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-align: center; background: linear-gradient(to right, white, #f6f6f6, white);">'''<big>ጽሑፋት ብምጽሓፍ ወይ ብምእራም ንዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ ክትሕግዝ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ፣ ተሳተፍ/ፊ!</big>'''</div> kh2gq7pv2n0au40qtn20gjhjdmwsynp 8 5120 24112 23672 2023-02-28T04:11:31Z SSastry (WMF) 8911 CSS changes for [[phab:T156351]]; see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Cite_CSS]] css text/css /* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ .firstHeading, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ .pagetitle, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ .subtitle, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #ca-unprotect, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #ca-move, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #ca-delete, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #mytabs, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #tw-BR, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #tw-xfd, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #catlinks, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ #footer-info-lastmod, body.page-መበገሲ_ገጽ .error { display:none; } /* * Prevent unconfirmed users from bypassing semi-protections * via edit on Wikidata: [[phab:T208315]], [[phab:T207648]]. */ .wikidata-link { display:none; } body.mw-editable .wikidata-link { display:inline; } /* * That the images do not overflow the page */ .autofit { width:100%; max-width:100%; } .autofit img { width:100%; height:auto; } /* Color blue when clicking references */ 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} .header.software { background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Picto_infobox_software.png") no-repeat top right } .header.sport { background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png") no-repeat top right } .header.videogame { background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Picto_infobox_gamepad.png") no-repeat bottom right } /* Style for horizontal lists (separator following item). 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font-weight: normal; } .hlist dd dd:last-child:after, .hlist dd dt:last-child:after, .hlist dd li:last-child:after, .hlist dt dd:last-child:after, .hlist dt dt:last-child:after, .hlist dt li:last-child:after, .hlist li dd:last-child:after, .hlist li dt:last-child:after, .hlist li li:last-child:after { content: ") "; font-weight: normal; } /* For IE8 */ .hlist dd dd.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist dd dt.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist dd li.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist dt dd.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist dt dt.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist dt li.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist li dd.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist li dt.hlist-last-child:after, .hlist li li.hlist-last-child:after { content: ") "; font-weight: normal; } /* Put ordinals in front of ordered list items */ .hlist ol { counter-reset: listitem; } .hlist ol > li { counter-increment: listitem; } .hlist ol > li:before { content: " " counter(listitem) " "; white-space: nowrap; } .hlist dd ol > li:first-child:before, .hlist dt ol > li:first-child:before, .hlist li ol > li:first-child:before { content: " (" counter(listitem) " "; } /* Unbulleted lists */ .plainlist ul { line-height: inherit; list-style: none none; margin: 0; } .plainlist ul li { margin-bottom: 3px; } /* Definition for images and other floating elements */ .floatright { float: right; clear: right; position: relative; margin: 0.2em 0 0.8em 1.4em; } .floatleft { float: left; clear: left; position: relative; margin: 0.2em 1.4em 0.8em 0; } /* Default style for navigation boxes */ .navbox { /* Navbox container style */ border: 1px solid #aaa; width: 100%; margin: auto; clear: both; font-size: 88%; text-align: center; padding: 1px; } .navbox-inner, .navbox-subgroup { width: 100%; } .navbox-group, .navbox-title, .navbox-abovebelow { padding: 0.25em 1em; /* Title, group and above/below styles */ line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; } th.navbox-group { /* Group style */ white-space: nowrap; /* @noflip */ text-align: right; } .navbox, .navbox-subgroup { background: #fdfdfd; /* Background color */ } .navbox-list { line-height: 1.8em; border-color: #fdfdfd; /* Must match background color */ } .navbox th, .navbox-title { background: #ccccff; /* Level 1 color */ } .navbox-abovebelow, th.navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title { background: #ddddff; /* Level 2 color */ } .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow { background: #e6e6ff; /* Level 3 color */ } .navbox-even { background: #f7f7f7; /* Even row striping */ } .navbox-odd { background: transparent; /* Odd row striping */ } table.navbox + table.navbox { /* Single pixel border between adjacent navboxes */ margin-top: -1px; /* (doesn't work for IE6, but that's okay) */ } .navbox .hlist td dl, .navbox .hlist td ol, .navbox .hlist td ul, .navbox td.hlist dl, .navbox td.hlist ol, .navbox td.hlist ul { padding: 0.125em 0; /* Adjust hlist padding in navboxes */ } ol + table.navbox, ul + table.navbox { margin-top: 0.5em; /* Prevent lists from clinging to navboxes */ } /* Default styling for Navbar template */ .navbar { display: inline; font-size: 88%; font-weight: normal; } .navbar ul { display: inline; white-space: nowrap; } .navbar li { word-spacing: -0.125em; } .navbar.mini li span { font-variant: small-caps; } /* Navbar styling when nested in infobox and navbox */ .infobox .navbar { font-size: 100%; } .navbox .navbar { display: block; font-size: 100%; } .navbox-title .navbar { /* @noflip */ float: left; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ margin-right: 0.5em; width: 6em; } /* 'show'/'hide' buttons created dynamically by the CollapsibleTables javascript in [[MediaWiki:Common.js]] are styled here so they can be customised. */ .collapseButton { /* @noflip */ float: right; font-weight: normal; /* @noflip */ margin-left: 0.5em; /* @noflip */ text-align: right; width: auto; } /* In navboxes, the show/hide button balances the v·d·e links from [[Template:Navbar]], so they need to be the same width. */ .navbox .collapseButton { width: 6em; } /* ========================================= ===== COLLAPSIBLE (mediawiki 1.18+ ) ======== ========================================== Mediawiki 1.18 introduced a new native collapsible system. This is the CSS to customize and eventually replace to the maze NavHead, NavFrame, NavToggle, NavContent, etc. */ /* Styling for JQuery makeCollapsible, matching that of collapseButton */ .mw-collapsible .navbox-title { position: relative; } .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle { display: block; position: absolute; right: 0.5em; bottom: 0.5ex; } .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle { width: 6em; } /* Hatnotes and disambiguation notices */ .rellink, .dablink { font-style: italic; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .rellink i, .dablink i { font-style: normal; } /* CSS related to the use of coordinates To display coordinates using the notation in the source code, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css: .geo-default {display: inline} .geo-nondefault {display: none} .geo-dec {display: inline} .geo-dms {display: inline} To display coordinates using decimal notation, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css: .geo-default {display: inline} .geo-nondefault {display: inline} .geo-dec {display: inline} .geo-dms {display: none} To display coordinates using DMS notation, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css: .geo-default {display: inline} .geo-nondefault {display: inline} .geo-dec {display: none} .geo-dms {display: inline} To display coordinates in both decimal and DMS notation, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css: .geo-default {display: inline} .geo-nondefault {display: inline} .geo-dec {display: inline} .geo-dms {display: inline} .geo-multi-punct {display: inline} See [[Template:Coor link]] for how these are used. Note that the classes "geo", "longitude", and "latitude" are not just styles but also used by the [[Geo microformat]], so the names should not be changed. */ /* Default CSS, can be modified using the rules above */ .geo-default, .geo-dms, .geo-dec { display: inline; } .geo-nondefault, .geo-multi-punct { display: none; } .longitude, .latitude { white-space: nowrap; } /* This is used for the Geo microformat, but no style is needed for now other than .geo-dec. */ .geo {} /* TABLES */ /* different color in even rows */ /* default: gray */ table.striped tr:nth-child(even) { background-color: #f2f3f4; } /* Normal font styling for table row headers with scope="row" tag */ .wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row] { font-weight: normal; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; } /* lists in data cells are always left-aligned */ .wikitable td ul, .wikitable td ol, .wikitable td dl { /* @noflip */ text-align: left; } /* Tables aligned left (class="wikitable left") */ .wikitable.left, .toccolours.left { margin: 1em 1.3em 1em 0; float: left; clear: left; } /* Tables aligned to the right (class="wikitable right") */ .wikitable.right, .toccolours.right { margin: 1em 0 1em 1.3em; float: right; clear: right; } /* Centered tables (class="wikitable center") */ .wikitable.center, .toccolours.center { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width:inherit; text-align:inherit; } /* Cell sizes for ambox/tmbox/imbox/cmbox/ombox/fmbox/dmbox message boxes */ table.ambox { margin: 0 7% .8em; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #fbfbfb; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 1px solid #CCC; border-right: 1px solid #CCC; font-size: 95%; } table.ambox th.ambox-text, table.ambox td.ambox-text { padding: 0.25em 0.5em; /* 0.5em left/right */ width: 100%; /* Make all templates the same width regardless of text size */ } table.ambox .ambox-image { padding: 2px 0 2px 0.5em; /* 0.5em left, 0px right */ text-align: center; } table.ambox .ambox-imageright { padding: 2px 0.5em 2px 0; /* 0px left, 0.5em right */ text-align: center; } .ambox-notice {border-top: 5px solid #608EC2} /* ሰማያዊ */ .ambox-protection {border-top: 5px solid #bba} /* ግራጫ */ .ambox-delete {border-top: 5px solid #b22222} /* ቀይሕ */ .ambox-content {border-top: 5px solid #f28500} /* ኣራንሾኒ */ .ambox-style {border-top: 5px solid #f4c430} /* ብጫ */ .ambox-merge {border-top: 5px solid #8c08a4} /* ጁኽ */ .ambox-growth {border-top: 5px solid #47a30d} /* ቀጠልያ */ .ambox.ambox-mini { /* Small floating version */ float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0 1em; width: 25%; } /* Styles for sitenotice and the like */ .notice { text-align: justify; margin: 1em; padding: 0.2em; } /* CSS for collapsibles, documentation in [[:en:Wikipedia:NavFrame]] */ div.NavFrame { margin: 0; padding: 4px; border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; } div.NavFrame + div.NavFrame { border-top-style: none; border-top-style: hidden; } .NavPic { background-color: #fff; margin: 0; padding: 2px; float: left; } div.NavFrame .NavHead { height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ccf; position: relative; } div.NavFrame p, div.NavFrame div.NavContent, div.NavFrame div.NavContent p { font-size: 100%; } .NavEnd { margin: 0; padding: 0; line-height: 1px; clear: both; } .NavToggle { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 90%; } /** * Allows manual numbering of sections in tables of contents */ #hideTOCnumbers .tocnumber { display: none; } /* Allow limiting of which header levels are shown in a TOC; <div class="toclimit-3">, for instance, will limit to showing ==headings== and ===headings=== but no further (as long as there are no =headings= on the page, which there shouldn't be according to the MoS). */ .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul, .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul, .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul, .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul, .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul, .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul { display: none; } /* Prevent line breaks in silly places: 1) Where desired 2) Links when we don't want them to 3) Bold "links" to the page itself 4) HTML formulae 5) Ref tags with group names <ref group="Note"> --> "[Note 1]" */ .nowrap, .nowraplinks a, .nowraplinks .selflink, .texhtml, sup.reference a { white-space: nowrap; } /* Hide the mobile wlm banner on the normal site */ #mf-wlm-banner { display: none; } /* For the Documentation template */ .template-documentation { clear: both; margin: 1em 0 0 0; border: 1px dotted #8BCBFF; background-color: #EEF9FA; padding: 0.9em; } 7lpl6u04f4vlmzxmfjrfr6og9l1v5j9 4 5122 20866 2020-07-31T00:12:59Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «'''ብሉጽ ጽሑፋት''' ኣብዚ ዊኪ ኣብ መበገሲ ገጽ ዝርአይ ጽሑፋት ኢዮም። ጽሑፋት ኣብ ዊኪፔዲያ:ብሉ...» wikitext text/x-wiki '''ብሉጽ ጽሑፋት''' ኣብዚ ዊኪ ኣብ መበገሲ ገጽ ዝርአይ ጽሑፋት ኢዮም። ጽሑፋት ኣብ [[ዊኪፔዲያ:ብሉጽ ጽሑፋት/ሕጹያት]] ዝተመረጹ ኢዮም። The 'featured articles' on this wikipedia are the articles that have appeared on the [[መበገሲ ገጽ|main page]] in the space entitled «ብሉጽ ጽሑፋት». Nominations for future featured articles may be made at [[ዊኪፔዲያ:ብሉጽ ጽሑፋት/ሕጹያት]]. m0e7wh0hd5qhyrpvmwt4umoxpr5psij 4 5123 20867 2020-07-31T00:26:15Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<table id="mp-left" style="vertical-align:top; background:transparent;border:0px outset #bfbfbf;-moz-border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; border-r...» wikitext text/x-wiki <table id="mp-left" style="vertical-align:top; background:transparent;border:0px outset #bfbfbf;-moz-border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; border-radius:0px;"> <tr><td style="color:#000;padding:2px 5px 5px"><div id="mp-dyk" style="background-color:transparent;"> <font size="-1"> bvg14stmvfu7azkvhxwcb21crsfi46h 4 5124 20868 2020-07-31T00:31:32Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «</div></font></td></tr></table>» wikitext text/x-wiki </div></font></td></tr></table> mffvh44ofhtw5pvbeasx66qir818e9b 10 5125 20873 2020-08-09T00:22:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሞሪሸስ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ማውሪሸስ]]: better country name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ማውሪሸስ]] 1q3r9evwitl6c67mo3c4p1heaf1glqn 0 5126 20878 2020-08-09T01:01:34Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[አርጀንቲና]] to [[ኣርጀንቲና]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣርጀንቲና]] l23l2h4aod32bkqydat31ex4klmqnc4 10 5127 20880 2020-08-09T01:49:41Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሌሶቶ | flag alias = Flag of Lesotho.svg | flag alias-1966 = Flag of Lesotho (1966).svg | fla...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሌሶቶ | flag alias = Flag of Lesotho.svg | flag alias-1966 = Flag of Lesotho (1966).svg | flag alias-1987 = Flag of Lesotho (1987-2006).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1966 | var2 = 1987 | redir1 = LSO | redir2 = LES </noinclude> }} 6sxvux3d19r57qf533ayejnki9c945o 10 5128 20973 20887 2020-08-19T00:32:50Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {| style="text-shadow: 0.01em 0.01em 0.09em #333; 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background:transparent;border:0px outset #bfbfbf;-moz-border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; border-r...» wikitext text/x-wiki <table id="mp-left" style="vertical-align:top; background:transparent;border:0px outset #bfbfbf;-moz-border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; border-radius:0px;"> <tr><td style="color:#000;padding:2px 5px 5px"><div id="mp-dyk" style="background-color:transparent;"> <font size="-1"> bvg14stmvfu7azkvhxwcb21crsfi46h 4 5135 20890 2020-08-13T01:10:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<div style="text-shadow:0em 0em 0em #555; border: 1 1 0 0 solid;"><big><big>''' [[ጉግል]]'''</big></big></div> <div style = "border: 1px solid #FeFedf; f...» wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-shadow:0em 0em 0em #555; border: 1 1 0 0 solid;"><big><big>''' [[ጉግል]]'''</big></big></div> <div style = "border: 1px solid #FeFedf; float:right; background: transparent; padding: 2px 0px 1px 3px;"><div style="display:inline-block; box-shadow:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em #333">[[ፋይል:Google 2015 logo.svg|200px|left|]] </div> </br><center><div style = "text-shadow: 10 #333;> ናይ ጉግል ኣርማ </br></div> </center> </div> <font size> '''ጉግል ሓ.ዝ.ኩ''' (ሓላፍነቱ ዝተወሰነ ኩባንያ) (ብ[[እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ Google LLC)፣ ናይ [[ኣመሪካ]] ሕብረ-ሃገራዊ [[ኣልፋበት (ዋኒን)|ኣልፋበት]] ዋና ህዝባዊ ኩባንያ እዩ። ናይ ንሱ ምውሕላል ካብ [[ኢንተርነት]]፣ [[ሶፍትዌር]]፣ ኤለክትሮናውያን መሳርሒታትን ካልኦት ተክኖሎጂታትን ዝተራኪቦም ምህርትታትን ኣገልግሎታትን እዩ። ናይ ጉግል ዋና ምህርቲ ተመሳሳሊ ስም ዘሎ ናይ ኢንተርነት ትሕዝቶ መድለይ ማሺን እዩ፣ ምንም እንቋዕ ከም [[ጉግል ድራይቭ]] (Google Drive) ናይ ቤት-ጽሕፈት ኣቕሑ ናውቲ፣ ኢሜይል [[ጂሜይል]] (Gmail) ተባሂሉ፣ [[ጉግል ካርታታት]] (Google Maps)፣ [[ጉግል ኤርዝ]] (Google Earth)፣ ናይ [[ዩቱብ]] (YouTube) ቪድዮታት መርበብ ሓበሬታ ድማ ከም [[ጉግል መጻሕፍቲ]] (Google Books)፣ [[ጉግል ዜና]]ን (Google News) [[ጉግል ትርጉም]]ን (Google Translate) ከም ካልኦት ምህርትታትን ኣገልግሎታትን ዝህብ እንተኾነ'ውን። </font> 454jazod06ldm6pusn3e22e0a4cv9h7 0 5136 20901 2020-08-13T19:39:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ጉግል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጉግል]] jq4luoewfw5bgnum6bqwwgv8o1bzd4a 0 5137 20903 2020-08-13T20:55:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ስፓኒሽ]] to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5138 20909 2020-08-13T21:21:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ትግርኛ]] to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 0 5139 20913 2020-08-13T21:42:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኮሎምቢያ]] to [[ኮሎምብያ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኮሎምብያ]] tiszo8e9hxprkpq02sevxpcr5monzzo 10 5140 20915 2020-08-13T22:47:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<small style="line-height:130%">{{{1}}}</small><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <small style="line-height:130%">{{{1}}}</small><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7gmltsx0tec8cwxl572ghcygcydpvle 10 5141 22555 22554 2021-04-13T15:24:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Lang]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Lang|{{{fn|lang}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> d82lbm7kspldyjd3rm1o5c9ne0ndccn 10 5142 21262 20917 2020-09-27T19:54:11Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki ብ[[ቋንቋ {{{2}}}|{{{2}}}]]፦ {{lang|{{{1}}}|{{{3}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> l9iqvf0b8z4vgdt5czjm0o5tfmwxmw0 10 5143 23529 20918 2022-04-04T21:27:08Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=it }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude> fvgxjr3amaaeabjdlpj1qutjepccws2 10 5144 20948 2020-08-14T13:10:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Stub]] to [[ሞደል:መዋቕር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:መዋቕር]] d0654zeq37yl82p4qsc4ophcpkmsj5y 10 5145 22637 21865 2021-04-20T21:36:29Z Joanmp14 5782 improvements wikitext text/x-wiki <table style="{{{ቅዲ|}}}" class="noprint plainlinks ambox {{#switch:{{{ዓይነት|}}} | ምሕላው | ግራጫ = ambox-protection | ዕቱብ | ቀይሕ = ambox-serious | ትሕዝቶ | ኣራንሺ = ambox-content | ቅዲ | ብጫ = ambox-style | ምንቅስቓስ | ወይናይ = ambox-merge | ምዕባለ | ቀጠልያ = ambox-growth | ምልክታ | ሰማያዊ = ambox-notice | #default = ambox-notice }} {{{ክፍሊ|}}}"> <tr> <td class="ambox-image" width="1"> {{#ifeq:{{{ምስሊ|}}}|none | <!-- No ምስሊ. Cell with some width or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width --> | {{#switch:{{{ዓይነት|}}} | ምሕላው | ግራጫ = [[ፋይል:Commons-emblem-padlock.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | ዕቱብ | ቀይሕ = [[ፋይል:Commons-emblem-hand.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | ትሕዝቶ | ኣራንሺ = [[ፋይል:Commons-emblem-issue.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | ቅዲ | ብጫ = [[ፋይል:Commons-emblem-copyedit.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | ምንቅስቓስ | ወይናይ = [[ፋይል:Commons-emblem-merge.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | ምዕባለ | ቀጠልያ = [[Archivo:Commons-emblem-success.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | ምልክታ | ሰማያዊ = [[ፋይል:Commons-emblem-notice.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | ባዶ = [[ፋይል:No image.svg|link=|alt=]] | #default = {{#if:{{{ምስሊ|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:{{{ምስሊ}}}| [[ፋይል:{{{ምስሊ}}}|x40px|link=|alt=]]|{{{ምስሊ}}}}}| {{{ምስሊ|[[ፋይል:Commons-emblem-notice.svg|40px|link=|alt=]]}}} }} }} }}</td> <td class="ambox-text"><div class="ambox-text-div">{{#if:{{{ርእሰዋይ|{{{2|}}}}}}|<strong>{{{ርእሰዋይ|{{{1}}}}}}</strong> {{#if:{{{ትሕዝቶ|{{{ጽሑፍ|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}|<span class="hide-when-compact">{{{ትሕዝቶ|{{{ጽሑፍ|{{{2}}}}}}}}}</span>}}|{{{ርእሰዋይ|{{{ጽሑፍ|{{{1|ዋላ ሓንቲ ምልክታ ኣይጸሓፍካን}}}}}}}}}}}</div>{{#if:{{{እግሪ|}}}|<div class="hide-when-compact"><small>{{{እግሪ}}}</small></div>}}</td>{{#if:{{{የማናይ ምስሊ|}}}|<td class="hide-when-compact ambox-imageright">{{#ifexist:Media:{{{የማናይ ምስሊ}}}|[[ፋይል:{{{የማናይ ምስሊ}}}|x40px|link=|alt=]]|{{{የማናይ ምስሊ}}}}}</td>}} </tr> </table><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc||{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:10}} | [[{{#switch:{{{ዓይነት|}}} | ምሕላው = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ምሕላው | ዕቱብ = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Critical Maintenance Templates | ትሕዝቶ = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ቅዲ | ምንቅስቓስ = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ምንቅስቓሳት | ምዕባለ = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ምዕባለ | ምልክታ = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ምልክታታት | #default = መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ምልክታታት }}]] }}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> s75379a4t2jw1yx7gpeomcjgckvclhy 14 5146 20954 2020-08-15T02:39:35Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:Stubs]] to [[መደብ:መዋቕራት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:መደብ:መዋቕራት]] 9gkfzmuxzfoh9mzvw1gop3472jucyns 10 5147 22967 22909 2021-07-30T19:24:09Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ቋንቋ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = width: 630px; margin:auto; | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Globe of letters.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <span style="font-size:medium;"> '''ጀምር!''' እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ቋንቋ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </span> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }} <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ቋንቋ]] </noinclude> p7lsx1e603fh043iebm74v76khg7e0l 10 5148 22976 22900 2021-07-30T19:29:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ሃይማኖት]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = width: 650px; | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Religion template.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጀምር!''' እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ሃይማኖት]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ሃይማኖት]] ddh0257n6jj82uo4fz76ueyblvlsq2e 10 5149 22925 22924 2021-07-16T17:11:29Z 2603:8080:4740:9F:5147:9D80:EF0:F3F wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Globe stub.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጅምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ጂኦግራፊ|ጂኦግራፊያዊ ቦታ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ንሱ ምስፍሕፋሕ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ጂኦግራፊ መዋቕራት]] 6ug4o32sxy55iijixf89d368qyual7m 10 5150 22972 22917 2021-07-30T19:26:54Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ታሪኽ ህይወት]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ቅዲ = width:685px; | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Crystal Clear app Login Manager.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጀምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ ብሕታዊ [[ታሪኽ ህይወት]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ታሪኽ ህይወት]] e5zfs829v44873v9rpu3qcd4wl18210 10 5151 22978 22872 2021-07-30T19:32:26Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ስነ ፍልጠት]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Science-symbol-2.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <span style="font-size:medium;"> This science article is a [[Wikipedia:Stub|stub]]. You can help Wikipedia <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} expanding it]. </span> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ስነ ፍልጠት መዋቕራት]] qgthnn4zu9gkuqzgjd4yqtwtq76yy03 10 5152 22975 22907 2021-07-30T19:29:06Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ስፖርት]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Sport balls.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <span style="font-size:medium;"> '''ጅምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ስፖርት]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ንሱ ምስፍሕፋሕ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </span> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ስፖርት መዋቕራት]] 4mguxgh7k565vp8ap9s303imrqhhtgu 10 5153 22974 22911 2021-07-30T19:28:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ባህሊ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Zulu warrior.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጅምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ባህሊ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ንሱ ምስፍሕፋሕ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ባህሊ መዋቕራት]] 4q42co0f821k742hbbpen0cw1smkmaz 10 5154 22973 22915 2021-07-30T19:27:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ታሪኽ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:WikiHistory.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጅምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ታሪኽ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ንሱ ምስፍሕፋሕ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ታሪኽ መዋቕራት]] h9g9ak7cp3okg5s265uab00ktpsivhd 10 5155 22969 22923 2021-07-30T19:25:30Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ውድብ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = width: 640px; margin:auto; | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Organization template.gif|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <span style="font-size:medium;"> '''ጀምር!''' እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ውድብ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </span> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }} <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ውድብ]] </noinclude> luwut79u0z3q3zhfeq4sw2i0bj53aw1 10 5156 22968 22898 2021-07-30T19:24:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ፖለቲካ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Society.svg|60px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጅምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ፖለቲካ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ንሱ ምስፍሕፋሕ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ፖለቲካ መዋቕራት]] n7ztunwx4qddfr4o26vlx9a0i3tygss 10 5157 22971 22919 2021-07-30T19:26:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ንግዲ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Business template.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጅምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ንግዲ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ንሱ ምስፍሕፋሕ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ንግዲ መዋቕራት]] 9b7hky5accmlw4l40a1t8y3jv1npw23 10 5158 22970 22921 2021-07-30T19:26:00Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ኩባንያ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = width: 640px; | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Enterprise buildings icons.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጀምር!''' እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ኩባንያ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ኩባንያ]] pwi634yaeas3hjewrh3dvhc0whw4cld 14 5159 21009 2020-08-20T23:54:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:Wikipedia]] to [[መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:መደብ:ዊኪፔዲያ]] k0vm0p1ts3lkk1w8zocldtmtox854lk 828 5160 22102 22101 2021-01-23T14:14:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions. Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or remove such whitespace. Global options ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in an empty string being returned rather than an error message. error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to include with the error message. The default category is [Category:Errors reported by Module String]. no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error is generated. Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests. ]] local str = {} --[[ len This function returns the length of the target string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}} OR {{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}} Parameters s: The string whose length to report If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. ]] function str.len( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} ); local s = new_args['s'] or ''; return mw.ustring.len( s ) end --[[ sub This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices. Usage: {{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}} OR {{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}} Parameters s: The string to return a subset of i: The fist index of the substring to return, defaults to 1. j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character. The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1. If either i or j is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by counting from the end of the string. Hence, a value of -1 is the same as selecting the last character of the string. If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is reported. ]] function str.sub( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } ); local s = new_args['s'] or ''; local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1; local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1; local len = mw.ustring.len( s ); -- Convert negatives for range checking if i < 0 then i = len + i + 1; end if j < 0 then j = len + j + 1; end if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 then return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' ); end if j < i then return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' ); end return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j ) end --[[ match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. Usage: {{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}} OR {{#invoke:String|pos|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index |match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}} Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from each string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found. If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and an empty string will be returned on any failure. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] function str.match( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} ); local s = new_args['s'] or ''; local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1; local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false ); local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or ''; local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 ); local nomatch = new_args['nomatch']; if s == '' then return str._error( 'Target string is empty' ); end if pattern == '' then return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' ); end if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) then return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' ); end if match_index == 0 then return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' ); end if plain_flag then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ); end local result if match_index == 1 then -- Find first match is simple case result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start ) else if start > 1 then s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start ); end local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern); if match_index > 0 then -- Forward search for w in iterator do match_index = match_index - 1; if match_index == 0 then result = w; break; end end else -- Reverse search local result_table = {}; local count = 1; for w in iterator do result_table[count] = w; count = count + 1; end result = result_table[ count + match_index ]; end end if result == nil then if nomatch == nil then return str._error( 'Match not found' ); else return nomatch; end else return result; end end --[[ pos This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos. Usage: {{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}} OR {{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}} Parameters target: The string to search pos: The index for the character to return If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. The first character has an index value of 1. If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character. A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error. ]] function str.pos( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} ); local target_str = new_args['target'] or ''; local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0; if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then return str._error( 'String index out of range' ); end return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos ); end --[[ find This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search target: The string or pattern to find within source start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1 plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this function also returns 0. This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings. ]] function str.find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } ); local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''; local pattern = new_args['target'] or ''; local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1; local plain = new_args['plain'] or true; if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return 0; end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ); local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain ) if start == nil then start = 0 end return start end --[[ replace This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string| count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search pattern: The string or pattern to find within source replace: The replacement text count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all. plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true ]] function str.replace( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } ); local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''; local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or ''; local replace = new_args['replace'] or ''; local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] ); local plain = new_args['plain'] or true; if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return source_str; end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ); if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ); replace = mw.ustring.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ); --Only need to escape replacement sequences. end local result; if count ~= nil then result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count ); else result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace ); end return result; end --[[ Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of named and unnamed parameters. This is relevant because named parameters are not identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application. ]] function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list ) local new_args = {}; local index = 1; local value; for i,arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do value = frame_args[arg] if value == nil then value = frame_args[index]; index = index + 1; end new_args[arg] = value; end return new_args; end --[[ Helper function to handle error messages. ]] function str._error( error_str ) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame(); local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String'; local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false; local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false; if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then return ''; end local error_str = '<strong class="error">String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '</strong>'; if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then error_str = '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str; end return error_str; end --[[ Helper Function to interpret boolean strings ]] function str._getBoolean( boolean_str ) local boolean_value; if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower(); if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' or boolean_str == '' then boolean_value = false; else boolean_value = true; end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str; else error( 'No boolean value found' ); end return boolean_value end --[[ Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated as plain text. ]] function str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, "([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])", "%%%1" ); end return str srqdjyyrgwlfo33srsiwhkxnd6py86v 10 5161 21706 21017 2020-12-28T23:37:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Title without disambig]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:String|replace|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|%s%(.*%)||plain=false}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6nag2kfl85qr8mitrifkszh7k5g5uki 0 5162 21329 21040 2020-10-19T06:26:34Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] sh3lud6u58hflgb9vpsol85kc9dl585 10 5163 23256 23238 2021-10-25T10:22:26Z Minorax 6345 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/125.162.221.55|125.162.221.55]] ([[User talk:125.162.221.55|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:2603:8080:4740:9F:5147:9D80:EF0:F3F|2603:8080:4740:9F:5147:9D80:EF0:F3F]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ቅዲ = height:60px | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Flag of Eritrea.svg|47px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> <div style="padding-left:5px;">'''ጅምር!''' እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB ኤርትራ] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ንሱ ምስፍሕፋሕ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> </div> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ: ናይ ኤርትራ መዋቕራት]] 3awl12eljc5h3jk1i7zhcexueqshn3k 0 5164 21070 2020-08-25T00:07:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ቬንዙዌላ]] to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 10 5165 22977 22905 2021-07-30T19:31:03Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ሃገር]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = width: 630px; margin:auto; | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Globe stub.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <span style="font-size:medium;"> <div style="padding-left:5px;">'''ጀምር!''' እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ሃገር]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </span> </div> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }} <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ሃገራት]] </noinclude> j3ybfl3mdxx05cw27kdksr3o4swix3j 14 5166 21080 2020-08-26T19:50:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:ሀገራት ኤውሮጳ]] to [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] q1gj6t5ov46bwr9ll7m0tcy5kw0y4zv 14 5167 21082 2020-08-26T19:54:21Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:ሀገራት]] to [[መደብ:ሃገራት]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:መደብ:ሃገራት]] qxwh91q54qqv4awm24cbryvtxoj8mrx 14 5168 21087 2020-08-26T20:12:09Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{Commonscat|Countries of South America}}» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Countries of South America}} 59h7rx8tg7ue70oc0rgkybqfs4bws18 0 5170 23823 23822 2022-08-07T07:07:55Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 ፋይል wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፊንላንድ''', ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ '''የፊንላንድ''', ኣሎ እቲ ሃገር ብ [[ሰሜናዊ ኣውሮጳ]]. [[ፋይል:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|ፊንላንድ]] [[ፋይል:EU-Finland.svg|thumb]] [[መደብ:ፊንላንድ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] 2gxhjsmwed53qa1jqmj2114iuxz0mw4 10 5171 21094 2020-08-28T19:58:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<span style="font-size:larger;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude >{{documentation}}</noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-size:larger;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude >{{documentation}}</noinclude> 4hb0848xxvo0qe7m054ehfye8131eyw 14 5172 21103 2020-08-28T20:20:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:ሀገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] to [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] nbk225gsvp21i9eqht6huzosb1uzvfx 0 5173 21107 2020-08-28T21:39:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኣምሓረኛ ፊደል]] to [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] dawf2a0zx0nruomfjr6g0d34c4qr5hi 0 5174 21110 2020-08-28T21:56:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ፕረሲደንት]] to [[ፕረዚደንት]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ፕረዚደንት]] k8ixgnwzvavc8nnhuwk24pmcdjg9ktq 14 5175 21114 2020-08-29T03:58:58Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «[[Category:ፖለቲካ]]» wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ፖለቲካ]] 27c0b4yyqrtk2xokyzzcilbuyv7kef3 14 5176 21116 2020-08-29T04:00:27Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 5177 21117 2020-08-29T04:04:14Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 Redirected page to [[ፊንላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ፊንላንድ]] g4xitxqmllxtkqhfq6qs80k953dq36k 0 5178 23864 23753 2022-08-09T19:47:22Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 መደብ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቦሊቭያ''', ኣሎ እቲ ሃገር ኣመልከተ ብ ምዕራባዊ ማእከላይ [[ደቡብ አሜሪካ]]. እቲ ቅዋማዊ ዓቢ ኣሎ [[ሱቹር]], እናበለ እቲ ሰድያ ናይ መንግስቲ ድማ ቀረበሉ ዓቢ ኣሎ [[ረፐዙ]]. [[ፋይል:Flag of Bolivia.svg|thumb|ቦሊቭያ]] [[መደብ:ቦሊቭያ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] 722b0u6spqkm8g9u9vj9bi3t0xmsnvs 0 5179 21121 2020-08-29T04:43:34Z Weather Top Wizard 6646 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «'''ፉል''' ኣሎ ሓደ [[ጥረታት]] [[እቶት]] እኹል ዝብልሉ ንእሱ ዝብላዕ [[ዘርኢ]]. ንሱ ኣሎ ብጣዕሚ ኣድላይ...» wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፉል''' ኣሎ ሓደ [[ጥረታት]] [[እቶት]] እኹል ዝብልሉ ንእሱ ዝብላዕ [[ዘርኢ]]. ንሱ ኣሎ ብጣዕሚ ኣድላይ እቶት ንክልቲኦም ሰፊሕ ድማ ንኡስ ንግዳዊ ኣቕራቢ. [[File:Arachis hypogaea - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-163.jpg|thumb|ፉል]] [[Category:እቶት]] 7djgbhnghqdcv3nt0mlm8vuhyjr885u 0 5180 24784 24570 2024-05-12T09:43:35Z Kehaa 8913 wikitext text/x-wiki qw2ugrl8ct3lnedzy34witu888rwir5 14 5181 21128 2020-08-29T21:48:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{Commonscat|Countries of North America}}» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Countries of North America}} bbo2geyihpo1262iyor77x1kwz3edos 0 5182 21130 2020-08-30T11:55:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ስፔን]] to [[ስጳኛ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስጳኛ]] shun7hvbn617ftgk2nm2djq6lespcux 14 5184 21136 2020-08-30T13:03:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[መደብ:ስፔን]] to [[መደብ:ስጳኛ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:መደብ:ስጳኛ]] mlhb84m88xwmzzdm46be5fidfb6g3va 10 5185 24221 23132 2023-05-11T23:54:33Z Joanmp14 5782 correction wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |colorbackgroundtitle = #DCEAEC |sectionstyle = background-color:#DCEAEC; |headertype = communication |title = <big>{{{ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}</big> |caption = <span style="font-style: italic">{{Property|P1451|{{{ጭርሖ|}}}}}</span> |image = {{Property|P154|{{{ኣርማ|{{{ሎጎ|}}}}}}|priority=yes|one=yes}} |imagesize = {{{መጠን_ኣርማ|}}} |footer = |image2 = {{Property|P18|{{{ምስሊ|}}}}} |imagesize2 = {{{መጠን_ምስሊ|}}} |footer2 = {{Property|P2096|{{{እግሪ|{{{እግሪ_ምስሊ|}}}}}}|priority=yes|one=yes}} |footerstyle2 = font-size:85%; |section1 = {{#if: {{#property:P856}}{{{ዓውዲ|}}}{{#property:P31}}{{{ዓይነት|}}}{{#property:P495}}{{{ንግዳዊ|}}}{{{ምዝገባ|}}}{{#property:P407}}{{{ቋንቋ|}}}{{{ትግርኛ}}}{{#property:P408}}{{{ፍቓድ|}}}{{{እዋናዊ ኩነት|}}}{{{እዋናዊ_ኩነት|}}}{{{እዋናዊኩነት|}}} |ሓፈሻዊ ሓበሬታ}} |label2 = ዓውዲ ኢንተርነት |data2 = {{Property|P856|{{{ዓውዲ|}}}|<br>|priority=no}} |label3 = ዓይነት |data3 = {{Property|P31|{{{ዓይነት|}}}|<br>|priority=yes}} |label4 = መበቆል ሃገር |data4 = {{Property|P495|{{{ሃገር|}}}|<br>}} |label5 = ንግዳዊ |data5 = {{{ንግዳዊ|}}} |label6 = ምዝገባ |data6 = {{{ምዝገባ|}}} |label7 = ዝርከቡ ቋንቋታት |data7 = {{Property|P407|{{{ቋንቋ|}}}|<br>|}} |label8 = ብ[[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]] |data8 = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{ትግርኛ}}}}} |እወ = እወ |#default = {{#if: {{#property:P407}}{{{ቋንቋ|}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{Str find|{{lc:{{#property:P407}}{{{ቋንቋ|}}}}}|ትግርኛ}}<=0 | ኣይፋል | እወ }} }} }} |label9 = [[ሶፍትዌር]] |data9 = {{Property|P408}} |label10 = ፍቓድ |data10 = {{Property|P275|{{{ፍቓድ|}}}|<br>}} |label11 = እዋናዊ ኩነት |data11 = {{#switch: {{{እዋናዊ ኩነት|{{{እዋናዊ_ኩነት|{{{እዋናዊኩነት|}}}}}}}}} |ንጡፍ = ንጡፍ |ዘይንጡፍ = ዘይንጡፍ |#default = {{{እዋናዊ ኩነት|{{{እዋናዊ_ኩነት|{{{እዋናዊኩነት|}}}}}}}}} }} |section15 = {{#if: {{#property:P170}}{{{ፈጣሪ|}}}{{{ደራሲ|}}}{{#property:P127}}{{{ወናኒ|}}}{{#property:P137}}{{{ኣስራሒ|}}}{{#property:P571}}{{{መወንጨፊ|}}}{{{ዕለት_መወንጨፊ|}}} |ምምሕዳር}} |label16 = ኣማዕባሊ |data16 = {{Property|P170|{{{ፈጣሪ|{{{ደራሲ|}}}}}}|<br>|priority=yes}} |label17 = ወናኒ |data17 = {{Property|P127|{{{ወናኒ|}}}|<br>|priority=yes}} |label18 = ኣስራሒ |data18 = {{Property|P137|{{{ኣስራሒ|}}}|<br>|priority=yes}} |label19 = መወንጨፊ |data19 = {{Property|P571|{{{መወንጨፊ|{{{ዕለት_መወንጨፊ|}}}}}}|<br>|one=yes|priority=yes}} |label20 = መዕጸዊ |data20 = {{Property|P2669|{{{መዕጸዊ|{{{ዕለት_መዕጸዊ|}}}}}}|one=yes}} |section25 = {{#if: {{{ተጠቀምቲ|}}}{{{መጨረሻ መሐደሲ|}}}{{{መጨረሻ_መሐደሲ|}}}{{{መጨረሻመሐደሲ|}}}{{{እቶት|}}} |ስታቲስቲክስ}} |label26 = ዝተመዝገቡ ተጠቀምቲ |data26 = {{Property|P1833|{{{ተጠቀምቲ|}}}|one=yes}} |label27 = መጨረሻ መሐደሲ |data27 = {{{መጨረሻ መሐደሲ|{{{መጨረሻ_መሐደሲ|{{{መጨረሻመሐደሲ|}}}}}}}}} |label28 = እቶት |data28 = {{Property|P2139|{{{እቶት|}}}|one=yes}} |label29 = መድረኽ |data29 = {{Property|P400|{{{መድረኽ|}}}|one=yes}} }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> j496yc4i8il4cp1go4ae3a9c8acj20n 0 5186 23623 23619 2022-05-15T22:39:11Z Joanmp14 5782 more information wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ መርበብ ሓበሬታ |ስም = ተርጓሚ ጉግል |ኣርማ = Google Translate logo.svg |መጠን_ኣርማ = 150px |ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Screenshot of Google Translate.png|250px]] |እግሪ = ቅጽበታዊ ምስሊ ኣብ ሕታም ደስክቶፕ |ዓውዲ = {{URL|translate.google.com}} |ንግዳዊ = እወ |ዓይነት = መትናዊ ማሽን ትርጉም |ምዝገባ = ኣማራጽያዊ |ቋንቋ = +130 ቋንቋታት፣ [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል#ዝድገፉ ቋንቋታት|ዝድገፉ ቋንቋታት]] ፈትሽ |ትግርኛ = እወ |ወናኒ = [[ጉግል]] |ፈጣሪ = [[ጉግል]] |እዋናዊ_ኩነት = ንጡፍ }} '''ተርጓሚ ጉግል''' (ካብ [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ ''Google Translate'')፣ ጽሑፍ፣ ሰነዳትን መርበባት ሓበሬታን ካብ ሓደ ቋንቋ ናብ ካልእ ቋንቋ ንምትርጓም፣ ብ[[ጉግል]] ዝተማዕበለን ዝቐረበን ብዙሕ ቋንቋታት ዝጥቀም ማሽን ትርጉም ስርዓት እዩ። ተርጓሚ ጉግል ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ደረጃታት ናብ 133 ቋንቋታት ናይ ምትርጓም ዓቕሚ ዘለዎ ኮይኑ፣ እቲ ስርዓት ናጻ ኣገልግሎት ዝህብን ልዕሊ 200 ሚልዮን ሰባት መዓልታዊ ዝጥቀሙሉን እዩ። ካብ ታሕሳስ 2016 ጀሚሩ፣ ናጻ ጽሑፍ ትርጉም ብጉግል ናብ 5.000 ፊደላት ክድረት እንከሎ፣ ትርጉም ገጽ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ግን ናይ ንውሓት ገደብ የብሉን። == ባህርያት == === መርበብ ሓበሬታ === ንገለ ቋንቋታት፣ ተርጓሚ ጉግል ነቲ ዝተተርጎመ ጽሑፍ ክዛረብ፣ ኣብቲ ምንጪን ዕላማ ዘለዎን ጽሑፍ ዝሰማምዑ ቃላትን ሓረጋትን ከጉልሕ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ንሓደ ቃል ኣብ ሓደ እዋን ከም ቀሊል መዝገበ-ቃላት ኮይኑ ክሰርሕ ይኽእል። "Detect language" እንተተመርጹ፣ እቲ ስርዓት ብኣውቶማቲክ ነቲ ቋንቋ ከለልዮ ይኽእል። === ውህደት መዳህሰሲ === ተርጓሚ ጉግል ኣብ ገለ መዳህሰሲታት ከም መናውሒ ኮይኑ ኣብቲ ዝረኽብዎ መርበባት ሓበሬታ ዝእክቦም ጽሑፋት ይትርጉም ኣሎ። ብተወሳኺ ናይ [[ጉግል ክሮም]] መርበብ ሓበሬታ መናውሒ ኣሎ፤ ብለካቲት 2010፣ ተርጓሚ ጉግል ኣብቲ ምዱብ ናይ ጉግል ክሮም መርበብ ሓበሬታ ተዋሃሂዱ፡ ነቲ ዝረአ ዘሎ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ብኣውቶማቲክ ክትርጉሞ ተገይሩ። [[መደብ:ኣገልግሎታት ጉግል]] 0l8dqnf2m3i0ecqgqnvnq17c9cwh1a6 10 5187 21154 2020-09-04T23:29:27Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<includeonly><div class="columns" style="-moz-column-count:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1|2}}}|2}}; -webkit-column-count:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1|2}}}|2}}; column-count:{{#if...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div class="columns" style="-moz-column-count:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1|2}}}|2}}; -webkit-column-count:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1|2}}}|2}}; column-count:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1|2}}}|2}};"> {{{2|{{{1|}}} }}} </div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> fwhfmzfsfeslbe0tdur929e35mssw0v 0 5189 21163 2020-09-11T21:35:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ራሻ]] to [[ሩስያ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሩስያ]] l28wa6xwqnmlw7k6ic6uyptacl38x90 0 5190 21165 2020-09-11T22:37:06Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኣስያ]] to [[ኤስያ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኤስያ]] a0w7i9d1950jff4fnnr6mryqy19pqxu 0 5191 21639 21172 2020-12-15T05:30:17Z Dcljr 46 move image up to top; use 'upright' to enlarge, since it's a mosaic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CollageFisica.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|ፊዚክስ]] '''ፊዚክስ''' ኣሎ እቲ [[ተፈጥሮኣዊ ክእለት]] እታ መጽናዕቲ [[ነገር]], ናታ [[እማመ]] ድማ ዝጥቀምሉ ብማእከል [[ቦታ]] ድማ ጊዜ, ድማ እቲ ዚዛመድ ዚጥቀሙሉ ናይ [[ጉልበት]] ድማ [[ሓይሊ]]. ፊዚክስ ኣሎ ሓደ ናይ እቲ ዳርጋ መሰረታዊ ስነፍልጠታዊ ኽትግስጾዘ, ድማ ናታ ዋና ሽቶ ኣሎ ናብ ተረድአ ከመይ እቲ [[ኣድማስ]] ተኣደበ. [[Category:ፊዚክስ]] akzzesndabfdhtk9kfdzvr62b7phpoc 0 5192 21174 2020-09-14T21:55:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ፈረንሳይ]] to [[ፈረንሳ]]: Name was wrong wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ፈረንሳ]] 3w0plisk9lmvewdafmqshlpn511t3o6 0 5196 21188 2020-09-18T18:41:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ዊኪፔዲያ]] to [[ዊኪፐድያ]]: adjust to new localization wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ]] g9zzdsd25dnxheyiftrxjci9r872dnj 0 5198 24172 24167 2023-03-20T19:57:30Z Joanmp14 5782 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/80.153.162.4|80.153.162.4]] ([[User talk:80.153.162.4|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር}} ሓንቲ '''ሪፓብሊክ''' ወይ '''ረፑብሊክ''' (ካብ [[ላቲን]]፣ ''[[ረስ ፑብሊካ]]'' «ህዝባዊ ጉዳይ»)፣ ብዘይ [[ንጉስ]] ዓይነት መንግስቲ እያ። ብዙሕ ሃገራት ሪፓብሊክ ይጥቀሙ። 18svhmkerv359o66fdhf5kwumi0kdr0 100 5200 24636 24630 2023-12-06T00:04:12Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 wikitext text/x-wiki **ኤርትራ:** *ኤርትራ* ኣብ ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ እትርከብ ሃገር ኮይና፡ ብምዕራብ ምስ ሱዳን፡ ብደቡብ ምስ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ብደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ምስ ጅቡቲ፡ ብሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ድማ ምስ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ እትዳወብ ሃገር እያ። ኤርትራ ከም ዝተፈላለየ ባህላዊ ውርሻታትን ዝተሓላለኸ ታሪኽን ዘለዋ ሃገር፡ ኣብ ጂኦፖለቲካዊ መልክዕ ናይቲ ዞባ ልዑል ተራ ተጻዊታ እያ። **ጂኦግራፊ:** ኤርትራ፡ ከበሳታት፡ ቆላታት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ገማግም ባሕሪ ኣብ ጎኒ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ዘጠቓለለ ዝተፈላለየ መልክዓ ምድሪ ትምካሕ። ርእሰ ከተማኣን ዝዓበየት ከተማኣን፡ ብጽቡቕ ዝተዓቀበ መግዛእታዊ ስነ ህንጻ ጥልያን እትፍለጥ ኣስመራ እያ። **ታሪኽ:** ታሪኽ ኤርትራ ብቓልሲ ናጽነት ዝልለ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ 1993 ካብ ኢትዮጵያ ናጽነታ ብምእዋጅ ኣብ ዝለዓለ ጥርዙ ዝበጽሐ ኮይኑ፡ ንሰለስተ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ዝቐጸለ ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ፡ ሃገራዊ መንነትን ጽንዓትን ህዝባ ቀሪጹ። **ባህሊ:** ኤርትራ ዝተፈላለዩ ብሄራት ዝነብሩላ ኮይና፡ ነፍሲ ወከፎም ኣብ ሃብታም ባህላዊ ቴፕስትሪ እታ ሃገር ኣበርክቶ ይገብሩ። ከም ትግርኛ፡ ትግረ፡ ዓረብ ዝኣመሰሉ ቋንቋታት ዝዝረቡ ኮይኖም፡ ቋንቋዊ ብዙሕነት ህዝቢ ዘንጸባርቑ እዮም። ባህላዊ ሙዚቃ፡ ሳዕስዒት፡ ህያው ጽምብል ዘይነጻጸል መዳያት ባህሊ ኤርትራ እዩ። **ቁጠባ:** ሕርሻን ዕደናን ኣብ ቁጠባ ኤርትራ ዓቢ ተራ ኣለዎ። እታ ሃገር ቁጠባዊ መሰረታ ንምብዛሕ ጻዕርታት ብምግባር፡ ትሕተ ቅርጺ ንምዕባይን ወፍሪ ወጻኢ ንምስሓብ ዝዓለመ ቀጻሊ ፕሮጀክትታት ልምዓት ከምዘካየደትን ይፍለጥ። **ብድሆታት:** ኤርትራ፡ ቁጠባዊ ምዕባለ፡ ፖለቲካዊ ምርግጋእ፡ ዞባዊ ዝምድናታት ሓዊሱ ዝተፈላለየ ብድሆታት የጋጥማ። እታ ሃገር በብእዋኑ ብዘጋጥም ድርቂ ዝተሃስየት ኮይና፡ ውሕስነት መግቢ ንምርግጋጽ ዝያዳ ዝተሓላለኸ ምዃኑ ይፍለጥ። **ኣህጉራዊ ዝምድናታት:** ኤርትራ ኣብ ወሰን ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ዘለዋ ስትራተጂካዊ ኣቀማምጣ፡ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ዝምድናታታ ጽልዋ ኣለዎ። እታ ሃገር ኣብ ዞባዊ ዳይናሚክስ ተሳቲፋ እያ፣ እዚ ድማ ግርጭታትን ዲፕሎማስያዊ ጻዕርታትን ንምርግጋእ ሓዊሱ እዩ። ብሓጺሩ ኤርትራ ፍሉይ ምትሕውዋስ ታሪኽ፡ ባህሊ፡ ጂኦግራፍያዊ ትርጉም ዘለዋ ሃገር እያ። ካብ ቃልሲ ናጽነት ናብ ምቕራጽ ድሕሪ ናጽነት መንነት ዝገብሮ ጉዕዞ፡ ህዝባ ኣብ ቅድሚ ብድሆታትን ዕድላትን ዘለዎ ጽንዓትን ቆራጽነትን ዘንጸባርቕ እዩ። jjh73olmb7qooe3a3ezvg4lb74p1dek 10 5202 21255 2020-09-27T19:08:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ዶሚኒካዊት ሪፑብሊክ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ዶሚኒካዊት ሪፓብሊክ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ዶሚኒካዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] 9ompzsujk6rde68p6aap04ilxvhtb2g 0 5203 21258 2020-09-27T19:23:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ቱርክ]] to [[ቱርኪ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቱርኪ]] ibt3uleesnkqor536iwnnrtjn2blze2 10 5205 22581 22580 2021-04-13T23:21:32Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=tr }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude> 99m5watf9qoer926svxkx0djcw7fi36 100 5209 24633 21285 2023-12-05T23:59:47Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 wikitext text/x-wiki **ታሪኽ:** *ታሪኽ* ንፍልቀት ሕብረተሰባት፡ ባህልታት፡ ውልቀሰባት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ነዛ ሎሚ እንነብረላ ዘለና ዓለም ዝቐረጹ ምትእስሳራት ዘጠቓለለ ኩለመዳያዊ መጽናዕትን ትርጉምን ሕሉፍ ፍጻመታት እዩ። ኣብ ስግር ግዜ ዝግንፍል ትረኻ ተመኩሮታት ደቂ ሰባት ንምርዳእ ዝደሊ ስነ-ስርዓት እዩ። ኣብ ሕመረቱ ታሪኽ፡ ንጽሑፋዊ መዛግብቲ፡ ቅርስታት፡ ኣፋዊ ልምድታትን ካልእን ሓዊሱ፡ ቀዳማይን ካልኣይን ምንጭታት ብስርዓት ምምርማር፡ ነቲ ዝሓለፈ ፍጻመታት ዳግማይ ንምህናጽን ንምትንታንን ዘጠቓልል እዩ። በዚ መስርሕ እዚ ኣቢሎም፡ ጸሓፍቲ ታሪኽ፡ ነቲ ዝተሓላለኸ ማሕበራዊ፡ ፖለቲካዊ፡ ቁጠባውን ባህላውን ምዕባለታት ንምፍታሕ፡ ንመስርሕ ስልጣነ ደቂ ሰባት ዝጸለዉ ረቛሒታት ርድኢት ንምሃብ ዝዓለሙ እዮም። ስነ-ስርዓት ታሪኽ ዕለታትን ሓቅታትን ዝገልጽ ዛንታ ጥራይ ኣይኮነን፤ እንታይ ደኣ ምትርጓም መርትዖታት፡ ምድህሳስ ምኽንያታዊነትን ብዙሕ ኣረኣእያታት ኣብ ግምት ምእታውን ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ጸሓፍቲ ታሪኽ ቅዲታት ንምቕላዕ፡ ዝንባለታት ንምልላይን ኣብ መንጎ ዝተፈላለዩ ዝመስሉ ፍጻመታት ምትእስሳር ንምስኣልን ይጽዕሩ፣ እዚ ድማ ብዛዕባ እቶም ኣብ ታሪኽ ሕብረተሰባት ዝቐረጹ ሓይልታት ንኡስ ርድኢት ይህቡ። ውልቀሰባት ታሪኽ ብምጽናዕ፡ ሱር እዋናዊ ብድሆታትን ዓወታትን ዝያዳ ኣድናቖት ይረኽቡ። ሳዕቤን ሕሉፍ ውሳነታት ክንትንትን፡ ባህላዊ ውርሻታት ከነድንቕን ነቐፌታዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ክእለት ከነማዕብልን እንኽእለሉ መነጽር ኮይኑ የገልግል። ብተወሳኺ ታሪኽ ንሓበሬታ ዝተሰነየ ዜግነት መሰረት ዝፈጥር ኮይኑ፡ ንቕሓት ናይቶም ኣብ ሓባራዊ ሰብኣዊ ዛንታ ኣበርክቶ ዝገብሩ ዝተፈላለዩ ትረኻታት የዕቢ። ብመሰረቱ ታሪኽ ዳይናሚክን ዝምዕብልን ዳህሳስ ተመኩሮ ወዲ ሰብ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ሕሉፍን ህሉውን ድልድል ኮይኑ ዘገልግል፡ ሓባራዊ መጻኢና ዝሕብር ክቡር ርድኢት ዝህብ እዩ። ianqnz4ke8jvskyczx66m5vpr9m5l2x 828 5210 21287 2020-10-15T00:51:43Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «-- This module is intended to replace the functionality of Template:Formatnum and related templates. local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = fra...» Scribunto text/plain -- This module is intended to replace the functionality of Template:Formatnum and related templates. local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local prec = args.prec or '' local sep = args.sep or '' local number = args[1] or args.number or '' local lang = args[2] or args.lang or '' -- validate the language parameter within MediaWiki's caller frame if lang == "arabic-indic" then -- only for back-compatibility ("arabic-indic" is not a SupportedLanguage) lang = "fa" -- better support than "ks" elseif lang == '' or not mw.language.isSupportedLanguage(lang) then -- Note that 'SupportedLanguages' are not necessarily 'BuiltinValidCodes', and so they are not necessarily -- 'KnownLanguages' (with a language name defined at least in the default localisation of the local wiki). -- But they all are ValidLanguageCodes (suitable as Wiki subpages or identifiers: no slash, colon, HTML tags, or entities) -- In addition, they do not contain any capital letter in order to be unique in page titles (restriction inexistant in BCP47), -- but they may violate the standard format of BCP47 language tags for specific needs in MediaWiki. -- Empty/unspecified and unsupported languages are treated here in Commons using the user's language, -- instead of the local 'ContentLanguage' of the Wiki. lang = frame:callParserFunction( "int", "lang" ) -- get user's chosen language end return p.formatNum(number, lang, prec, sep ~= '') end local digit = { -- substitution of decimal digits for languages not supported by mw.language:formatNum() in core Lua libraries for MediaWiki ["ml-old"] = { '൦', '൧', '൨', '൩', '൪', '൫', '൬', '൭', '൮', '൯' }, ["mn"] = { '᠐', '᠑', '᠒', '᠓', '᠔', '᠕', '᠖', '᠗', '᠘', '᠙'}, ["ta"] = { '௦', '௧', '௨', '௩', '௪', '௫', '௬', '௭', '௮', '௯'}, ["te"] = { '౦', '౧', '౨', '౩', '౪', '౫', '౬', '౭', '౮', '౯'}, ["th"] = { '๐', '๑', '๒', '๓', '๔', '๕', '๖', '๗', '๘', '๙'} } function p.formatNum(number, lang, prec, compact) -- Do not alter the specified value when it is not a valid number, return it as is local value = tonumber(number) if value == nil then return number end -- Basic ASCII-only formatting (without paddings) number = tostring(value) -- Check the presence of an exponent (incorrectly managed in mw.language:FormatNum() and even forgotten due to an internal bug, e.g. in Hindi) local exponent local pos = string.find(number, '[Ee]') if pos ~= nil then exponent = string.sub(number, pos + 1, string.len(number)) number = string.sub(number, 1, pos - 1) else exponent = '' end -- Check the minimum precision requested prec = tonumber(prec) -- nil if not specified as a true number if prec ~= nil then prec = math.floor(prec) if prec < 0 then prec = nil -- discard an incorrect precision (not a positive integer) elseif prec > 14 then prec = 14 -- maximum precision supported by tostring(number) end end -- Preprocess the minimum precision in the ASCII string local dot if (prec or 0) > 0 then pos = string.find(number, '.', 1, true) -- plain search, no regexp if pos ~= nil then prec = pos + prec - string.len(number) -- effective number of trailing decimals to add or remove dot = '' -- already present else dot = '.' -- must be added end else dot = '' -- don't add dot prec = 0 -- don't alter the precision end if lang ~= nil and mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(lang) == true then -- Convert number to localized digits, decimal separator, and group separators local language = mw.getLanguage(lang) if compact then number = language:formatNum(tonumber(number), { noCommafy = 'y' }) -- caveat: can load localized resources for up to 20 languages else number = language:formatNum(tonumber(number)) -- caveat: can load localized resources for up to 20 languages end -- Postprocessing the precision if prec > 0 then local zero = language:formatNum(0) number = number .. dot .. mw.ustring.rep(zero, prec) elseif prec < 0 then -- TODO: rounding of last decimal; here only truncate decimals in excess number = mw.ustring.sub(number, 1, mw.ustring.len(number) + prec) end -- Append the localized base-10 exponent without grouping separators (there's no reliable way to detect a localized leading symbol 'E') if exponent ~= '' then number = number .. 'E' .. language:formatNum(tonumber(exponent),{noCommafy=true}) end else -- not localized, ASCII only -- Postprocessing the precision if prec > 0 then number = number .. dot .. mw.string.rep('0', prec) elseif prec < 0 then -- TODO: rounding of last decimal; here only truncate decimals in excess number = mw.string.sub(number, 1, mw.string.len(number) + prec) end -- Append the base-10 exponent if exponent ~= '' then number = number .. 'E' .. exponent end end -- Special cases for substitution of ASCII digits (missing support in Lua core libraries for some languages) if digit[lang] then for i, v in ipairs(digit[lang]) do number = mw.ustring.gsub(number, tostring(i - 1), v) end end return number end return p 6voyj480cvr6m308r6mobxv0y82t0ky 0 5211 24487 21288 2023-09-14T09:18:03Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} {{ሃገር ሓበሬታ | ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ሪፓብሊክ ፓራጓይ</big> <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República del Paraguay}}''}}<br/>{{small|''{{lang|gn|Tetã Paraguái}}''}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Paraguay.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Paz y justicia''<br />(''«ሰላምን ፍትሒን»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Himno nacional del Paraguay''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Paraguay National Anthem.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Paraguay (orthographic projection).svg | ርእሲ_ከተማ = [[ኣሱንስዮን]] [[ፋይል:Escudo de Asunción (Paraguay).svg|right|20px]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]ን [[ቋንቋ ጓራኒ|ጓራኒ]]ን | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት]] | ሽም_መራሒ1 = [[ማርዮ ኣብዶ በኒተዝ]] | ሓጋጊ_ኣካል = ጉባኤ | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ብተግባር<br />&nbsp;• ምእዋጅ<br />&nbsp;• ምቕባል | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />14 ግንቦት 1811<br />25 ሕዳር 1842<br />10 መስከረም 1880 | ናይ_ሰባት_ዜግነት = ፓራጓያዊ/ -ት | ሰፊሕ_መሬት = 406757 | ሰፊሕ_መሬት_ቦታ = 60 | ሰፊሕ_ማይ = 2,6 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 7191685 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = [[ጓራኒ (ባጤራ)|ጓራኒ]] (₲) | ናይ_ግዜ_ዞባ = UTC -4 | እዋን_ክረምቲ = UTC -3 | ናይ_ኢንተርነት_ዓውዲ = .py | ተለፎናዊ_ኮድ = +595 }} '''ፓራጓይ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦ ''Paraguay'')፣ ወግዓዊ '''ሪፓብሊክ ፓራጓይ''' (ብስጳንኛ፦ ''República del Paraguay''፤ ብ[[ቋንቋ ጓራኒ|ጓራኒ]]፦ ''Tetã Paraguái'')፣ ኣብ ማእከላይ [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። [[ርእሲ ከተማ]] [[ኣሱንስዮን]] እያ። [[መደብ:ፓራጓይ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ሃገራት መዋቕራት]] ky14051fejga6hn39iz85dvjmomvf75 0 5212 21289 2020-10-15T01:13:03Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ፓራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ፓራጓይ]] g3fxf5kmwlz3zkmd9j3xggwgvbzdhsz 0 5213 21290 2020-10-15T01:14:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቱርኪ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቱርኪ]] ibt3uleesnkqor536iwnnrtjn2blze2 0 5214 21291 2020-10-15T01:15:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ጀርመን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጀርመን]] axbtkpxwbwsdhfgi0sp1h7ijrvwni57 0 5215 21292 2020-10-15T01:16:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ፈረንሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ፈረንሳ]] 3w0plisk9lmvewdafmqshlpn511t3o6 0 5216 21293 2020-10-15T01:16:42Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ብራዚል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ብራዚል]] cn68otalnsrcw2a2vhdfc6l6sg1mtf8 0 5217 21294 2020-10-15T01:17:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሩስያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሩስያ]] l28wa6xwqnmlw7k6ic6uyptacl38x90 0 5218 21296 2020-10-16T19:55:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሶማሊያ]] to [[ሶማልያ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሶማልያ]] a8y0p9bqwc00edbnakaj9nn04zi2daa 10 5219 22628 22211 2021-04-16T12:52:37Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 95%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 33%; padding: 4px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float:left;">[[ፋይል:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|50px|Wikipedia]]</div> <div style="margin-left:70px;">እዚ ቋንቋ ባዕላ [[ዊኪፐድያ]] ኣለዋ። ክትበጽሓን ከተበርክትን ኣብ '''[[:{{{1|{{{code|ti}}}}}}:|ዊኪፐድያ ብ{{{2|{{{ቋንቋ|{{lcfirst:{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}]]''' ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ።</div> </div> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> h87cckme8y5gynbasr8e40cg81xli9l 828 5220 24760 22619 2024-04-23T22:28:55Z Liuxinyu970226 3149 [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#strict]] Scribunto text/plain --[=[ Lua support for the {{lang}}, {{lang-xx}}, and {{transl}} templates and replacement of various supporting templates. ]=] require('strict'); local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs; local unicode = require ("Module:Unicode data"); -- for is_latin() and is_rtl() local yesno = require ('Module:Yesno'); local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data'); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables local lang_name_table = lang_data.lang_name_table; -- language codes, names, regions, scripts, suppressed scripts local lang_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang; local lang_dep_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_dep; local lang_ti_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_ti; local lang_ti_dep_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_ti_dep; local script_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.script; local region_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.region; local variant_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.variant; local suppressed_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.suppressed; local override_table = lang_data.override; local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms'); -- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- used for categorization local this_wiki_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code; -- get this wiki's language local initial_style_state; -- set by lang_xx_normal() and lang_xx_italic() local maint_cats = {}; -- maintenance categories go here local maint_msgs = {}; -- and their messages go here --[[--------------------------< P A G E _ E X I S T S >-------------------------------------------------------- Returns true if the page exists; false otherwise. The page exists if it's contents can be transcluded. ]] local function page_exists( name ) local page = mw.title.makeTitle(0, name); return page.exists; --local transcluder = require("Module:Transcluder"); --return pcall(transcluder.get, name); end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set( var ) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< I N V E R T _ I T A L I C S >------------------------------------------------- This function attempts to invert the italic markup a args.text by adding/removing leading/trailing italic markup in args.text. Like |italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup. Individual leading/trailing apostrophes are converted to their html numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become bold markup inadvertently. Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements. Addition, removal, replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub() replacement table operating only on these separate elements. In the string.gsub() matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns. This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result. ]] local function invert_italics (source) local invert_pattern_table = { -- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns [""]="\'\'", -- empty string becomes italic markup ["\'\'"]="", -- italic markup becomes empty string ["\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'\'\'", -- bold becomes bold italic ["\'\'\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'", -- bold italic become bold }; local seg = {}; source = source:gsub ("%f[\']\'%f[^\']", '&#39;'); -- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or ''; -- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or ''; -- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote if '' ~= seg[1] and '' ~= seg[3] then -- extract the 'text' seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- from between leading and trailing markup elseif '' ~= seg[1] then seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)') -- following leading markup elseif '' ~= seg[3] then seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- preceding trailing markup else seg[2] = source -- when there is no markup end seg[1] = invert_pattern_table[seg[1]] or seg[1]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table seg[3] = invert_pattern_table[seg[3]] or seg[3]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table return table.concat (seg); -- put it all back together and done end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------ validates |italic= or |italics= assigned values. When |italic= is set and has an acceptible assigned value, return the matching css font-style property value or, for the special case 'default', return nil. When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptible assigned value, return nil and a nil error message. When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message. The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or transl function to set args.italic according to the template's defined default ('inherit' for {{lang}}, 'inherit' or 'italic' for {{lang-xx}} depending on the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for {{transl}}) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set ({{lang}} and {{lang-xx}} only). Accepted values and the values that this function returns are: nil - when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil default - for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil yes - force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic' no - force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal' unset - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit' invert - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert' ]] local function validate_italic (args) local properties = {['yes'] = 'italic', ['no'] = 'normal', ['unset'] = 'inherit', ['invert'] = 'invert', ['default'] = nil}; local count = 0 for _, arg in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do if args[arg] then count = count + 1 end end if count > 1 then -- return nil and an error message if more than one is set return nil, 'you can only specify one of |italic=, |italics=, or |i='; end return properties[args.italic or args.italics or args.i], nil; -- return an appropriate value and a nil error message end --[=[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S >---------------------------------------------------------- Default behavior of the {{lang}} and {{lang-xx}} templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in mainspace. This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no. This function selects one of these two parameters to control categorization. Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template. Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply. Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings: 'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else for |cat= 'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else ]=] local function validate_cat_args (args) if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then -- both are nil, so categorize return; end if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then args.nocat = true; -- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template) else -- args.nocat is the parameter actually used. args.nocat = nil; end end --[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- Whether needle is in haystack ]] local function in_array ( needle, haystack ) if needle == nil then return false; end for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do if v == needle then return n; end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------ prettify ietf tags to use recommended subtag formats: code: lower case script: sentence case region: upper case variant: lower case private: lower case prefixed with -x- ]] local function format_ietf_tag (code, extlang, script, region, variant, extension, private) local out = {}; table.insert (out, code:lower()); if is_set (extlang) then table.insert (out, extlang:lower()); end if is_set (script) then script = script:lower():gsub ('^%a', string.upper); table.insert (out, script); end if is_set (region) then table.insert (out, region:upper()); end if is_set (variant) then table.insert (out, variant:lower()); end if is_set (extension) then table.insert (out, 'u-' .. extension:lower()); end if is_set (private) then table.insert (out, 'x-' .. private:lower()); end return table.concat (out, '-'); end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S >-------------------------------------------------- extracts and returns IETF language tag parts: primary language subtag (required) - 2 or 3 character IANA language code script subtag - four character IANA script code region subtag - two-letter or three digit IANA region code variant subtag - four digit or 5-8 alnum variant code; only one variant subtag supported private subtag - x- followed by 1-8 alnum private code; only supported with the primary language tag in any one of these forms lang lang-variant lang-script lang-script-variant lang-region lang-region-variant lang-script-region lang-script-region-variant lang-x-private each of lang, script, region, variant, and private, when used, must be valid Languages with both two- and three-character code synonyms are promoted to the two-character synonym because the IANA registry file omits the synonymous three-character code; we cannot depend on browsers understanding the synonymous three-character codes in the lang= attribute. For {{lang-xx}} templates, the parameters |script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in {{lang}} because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=) returns six values; all lower case. Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil. see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1 ]] local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant) local code, script, region, variant, private, extlang, extension; -- ietf tag parts if not is_set (source) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'missing language tag'; end --extract private local privPattern = "^(.*)%-x%-(%w%w[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?)$"; local s2 = source; e1 = nil; local e1, e2 = s2:match(privPattern); if(is_set(e1)) then source = e1; end private = e2; --extract extension local extPattern = "^(.*)%-u%-(%w%w[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?[%w%-]?)$"; s2 = source; local e1, e2, e3; e1, e2, e3 = s2:match(extPattern); if(is_set(e1)) then source = e1; end extension = e2; local pattern = { -- table of tables holding acceptibe ietf tag patterns and short names of the ietf part captured by the pattern {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 1 - ll-ee-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 2 - ll-ee-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 3 - ll-ee-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 4 - ll-ee-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 5 - ll-ee-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 6 - ll-ee-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 7 - ll-ee-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 8 - ll-ee-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 9 - ll-ee-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 10 - ll-ee-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'v'}, -- 11 - ll-ee-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'v'}, -- 12 - ll-ee-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 13 - ll-ee-Ssss-RR {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 14 - ll-ee-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$', 's'}, -- 15 - ll-ee-Ssss {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)$'}, -- 18 - ll {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%a%a)$', 'r'}, -- 16 - ll-ee-RR {'^(%a%a%a?%-?%a?%a?%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$', 'r'}, -- 17 - ll-ee-DDD (region is 3 digits) } local t = {}; -- table of captures; serves as a translator between captured ietf tag parts and named variables for i, v in ipairs (pattern) do -- spin through the pattern table looking for a match local c1, c2, c3, c4; -- captures in the 'pattern' from the pattern table go here c1, c2, c3, c4 = source:match (pattern[i][1]); -- one or more captures set if source matches pattern[i]) if c1 then -- c1 always set on match code, extlang = c1:match("^(%a%a%a?)%-?(%a?%a?%a?)$"); -- first capture is always code + extlang t = { [pattern[i][2] or 'x'] = c2, -- fill the table of captures with the rest of the captures [pattern[i][3] or 'x'] = c3, -- take index names from pattern table and assign sequential captures [pattern[i][4] or 'x'] = c4, -- index name may be nil in pattern[i] table so "or 'x'" spoofs a name for this index in this table }; script = t.s or ''; -- translate table contents to named variables; region = t.r or ''; -- absent table entries are nil so set named ietf parts to empty string for concatenation variant= t.v or ''; break; -- and done end end --Fix extlang vs region confusion if is_set(extlang) and is_set(extlang:find("[A-Z]")) and not is_set(region) then region = extlang; extlang = nil; end if not code then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language tag: ', source}); -- don't know what we got but it is malformed end code = code:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not (override_table[code] or lang_table[code] or lang_ti_table[code] or synonym_table[code] or lang_dep_table[code] or lang_ti_dep_table[code]) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language code: ', code}); -- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?) end if synonym_table[code] then -- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Wikipedia:Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|', code})); table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' promoted to code: ', synonym_table[code]})); code = synonym_table[code]; -- use the synonym end if is_set (script) then if is_set (args_script) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant script tag'; -- both code with script and |script= not allowed end else script = args_script or ''; -- use args.script if provided end if is_set (script) then script = script:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not script_table[script] then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized script: ', script, ' for code: ', code}); -- language code ok, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?) end end if suppressed_table[script] then -- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script if in_array (code, suppressed_table[script]) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'script: ', script, ' not supported for code: ', code}); -- language code ok, script is suppressed for this code end end if is_set (region) then if is_set (args_region) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant region tag'; -- both code with region and |region= not allowed end else region = args_region or ''; -- use args.region if provided end if is_set (region) then region = region:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not region_table[region] then return code, script, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized region: ', region, ' for code: ', code}); end end if is_set (variant) then if is_set (args_variant) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant variant tag'; -- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed end else variant = args_variant or ''; -- use args.variant if provided end if is_set (variant) then variant = variant:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not variant_table[variant] then -- make sure variant is valid return code, extlang, script, region, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant}); end -- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang() and lang_xx()? if is_set (script) then -- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix' if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, extlang, script, region, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-script pair: ', code, '-', script}); end elseif is_set (region) then -- if region set, there are some prefixes that require lang code and region (en-CA-newfound) if not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- first see if lang code is all that's required (en-oxendict though en-GB-oxendict is preferred) if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', region}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- now try for lang code and region (en-CA-newfound) return code, extlang, script, region, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-region pair: ', code, '-', region}); end end else if not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, extlang, script, region, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code: ', code}); end end end if is_set (private) then private = private:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this cd = code .. (is_set (extlang) and '-'..extlang:lower() or '') .. (is_set (script) and '-'..script:lower() or '') .. (is_set (region) and '-'..region:lower() or '') .. (is_set (variant) and '-'..variant:lower() or '') .. (is_set (extension) and '-u-'..extension:lower() or '') .. '-x-' .. private if not override_table[cd] then -- make sure private tag is valid; note that index return code, extlang, script, region, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized private tag: ', private}); end end if is_set (extlang) or is_set (extension) then cd = code .. (is_set (extlang) and '-'..extlang:lower() or '') .. (is_set (script) and '-'..script:lower() or '') .. (is_set (region) and '-'..region:lower() or '') .. (is_set (variant) and '-'..variant:lower() or '') .. (is_set (extension) and '-u-'..extension:lower() or '') .. (is_set (private) and '-x-'.. private:lower() or '') if not override_table[cd] then -- make sure extension tag is valid; note that index return code, extlang, script, region, nil, extension, private, table.concat ({'unrecognized complex tag: ', cd}); end end return code, extlang, script, region, variant, extension, private, nil; -- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G >-------------------------------------------------- assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category. ]] local function make_error_msg (msg, args, template) local out = {}; local category; if 'Transl' == template then category = 'Transl'; else category = 'Lang and lang-xx' end table.insert (out, table.concat ({'[', args.text or 'undefined', '] '})); -- for error messages output args.text if available table.insert (out, table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-size: 100%; font-style: normal;\" class=\"error\">Error: {{', template, '}}: '})); table.insert (out, msg); table.insert (out, table.concat ({' ([[:Category:Wikipedia:Errors ', category, '|help]])'})); table.insert (out, '</span>'); if (0 == namespace or 10 == namespace) and not args.nocat then -- categorize in article space (and template space to take care of broken usages) table.insert (out, table.concat ({'[[Category:Wikipedia:Errors ', category, ']]'})); end return table.concat (out); end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string. ]=] local function make_wikilink (link, display) if is_set (link) then if is_set (display) then return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'}); else return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'}); end else return ''; end end --[[--------------------------< D I V _ M A R K U P _ A D D >-------------------------------------------------- adds <i> and </i> tags to list-item text or to implied <p>..</p> text. mixed not supported ]] local function div_markup_add (text, style) local implied_p = {}; if text:find ('^\n[%*:;#]') then -- look for list markup; list markup must begin at start of text if 'italic' == style then return mw.ustring.gsub (text, '(\n[%*:;#]+)([^\n]+)', '%1<i>%2</i>'); -- insert italic markup at each list item else return text; end end if text:find ('\n+') then -- look for any number of \n characters in text text = text:gsub ('([^\n])\n([^\n])', '%1 %2'); -- replace single newline characters with a space character which mimics mediawiki if 'italic' == style then text = text:gsub('[^\n]+', '<p><i>%1</i></p>'); -- insert p and italic markup tags at each impled p (two or more consecutive '\n\n' sequences) else text = text:gsub ('[^\n]+', '<p>%1</p>'); -- insert p markup at each impled p text = text:gsub ('\n', ''); -- strip newline characters end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T E X T _ H T M L >-------------------------------------------------- Add the html markup to text according to the type of content that it is: <span> or <i> tags for inline content or <div> tags for block content ]] local function make_text_html (code, text, tag, rtl, style, size, language, subtags) local out = {}; if text:match ('^%*') then table.insert (out, '&#42;'); -- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plain splat confuses MediaWiki text = text:gsub ('^%*', ''); -- remove the splat from the text end if 'span' == tag then -- default html tag for inline content if 'italic' == style then -- but if italic tag = 'i'; -- change to <i> tags end else -- must be div so go text = div_markup_add (text, style); -- handle implied <p>, implied <p> with <i>, and list markup (*;:#) with <i> end html = mw.html.create( tag ); html:attr( 'lang', code); if rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text) then html:attr( 'dir', 'rtl'); -- add direction attribute for right to left languages end if 'normal' == style then -- when |italic=no html:css( 'font-style', 'normal'); -- override external markup, if any end if is_set (size) then -- when |size=<something> html:css( 'font-size', size); end if is_set (language) then local txt = "" if language:find ('ቋንቋ') then txt = txt .. 'Collective text '; -- for collective languages else txt = txt .. 'ጽሑፍ ብቋንቋ '; -- for individual languages end txt = txt .. language; html:attr('title', txt); -- close the style attribute and close opening html tag end html:wikitext(text); -- insert the text table.insert (out, tostring( html )); if rtl then -- legacy; shouldn't be necessary because all of the rtl text is wrapped inside an html tag with dir="rtl" attribute table.insert (out, '&lrm;'); -- make sure the browser knows that we're at the end of the rtl end return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y >---------------------------------------------------- For languages, <language>, returns: [[Category:Wikipedia:Articles containing <language>-language text]] For tigrinya: [[Category:Wikipedia:Articles with explicitly cited text in tigrinya]] For ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh): [[Category:Wikipedia:Articles with text from the <language> languages collective]] In the event that the ideal category does not exist: [[Category:Wikipedia:Articles with text in other languages]] ]=] local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat, name_get) local cat = {}; local retval; if ((0 ~= namespace) or nocat) and not name_get then -- only categorize in article space return ''; -- return empty string for concatenation end if language_name:find ('ቋንቋታት') then if(page_exists('Category:Articles with text in ' .. language_name)) then return table.concat ({'[[Category:Wikipedia:Articles with text in ', language_name, ']]'}); end return "[[Category:Wikipedia:Articles with text in other languages]]"; end table.insert (cat, '[[Category:Wikipedia:Articles containing '); if 'ti' == code then table.insert (cat, 'text explicitly cited in ' .. language_name .. ']]'); -- falls back to English if regional name not available else table.insert (cat, 'text in ' .. language_name .. ']]'); end local final = table.concat (cat); if(page_exists(final:gsub ('[%[%]]', ''))) then return final; end return "[[Category:Wikipedia:Articles with text in other languages]]"; end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T >---------------------------------------------------- return translit <i lang=xx-Latn>...</i> where xx is the language code; else return empty string The value |script= is not used in {{transl}} for this purpose; instead it uses |code. Because language scripts are listed in the {{transl}} switches they are included in the data tables. The script parameter is introduced at {{Language with name and transliteration}}. If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code. To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript) This function is used by both lang_xx() and transl() lang_xx() always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style transl() always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style For {{transl}}, style only applies when a language code is provided ]] local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style) local title; local msg; local tout = {}; local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards if is_set (code) then -- when a language code is provided (always with {{lang-xx}} templates, not always with {{transl}}) if not style then -- nil for the default italic style tout = mw.html.create('i'); -- so use <i> tag else tout = mw.html.create('span'); tout:css('font-style', style); -- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it end tout:attr('lang', code .. "-Latn"); -- transliterations are always Latin script else tout = mw.html.create('span'); -- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ({{transl}} only) end std = std and std:lower(); -- lower case for table indexing local text = {} if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then -- when neither standard nor script specified table.insert (text, 'Romanization of'); -- write a generic tool tip if not language_name:find ('ቋንቋታት') then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name) table.insert (text, 'l language ') -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only) else table.insert (text, ' the ') end table.insert (text, language_name); -- finish the tool tip; use romanization when neither script nor standard supplied elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then -- when both are specified if title_table[std] then -- and if standard is legitimate if title_table[std][tscript] and script_table[tscript] then -- and if script for that standard is legitimate table.insert (text, table.concat ({'Transliteration according to ', title_table[std][tscript:lower()], ' (Script ', script_table[tscript][1], ')'})); -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip elseif title_table[std][tscript] then msg = table.concat ({'translit-script not valid: ', tscript, ' for code: ', code}); table.insert (text, table.concat ({'Transliteration according to ', title_table[std][tscript:lower()]})); else table.insert (text, title_table[std]['default']); -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard? end else return nil, table.concat ({'translit-std not valid: ', std or '[missing]'}); -- invalid standard, setup for error message end elseif is_set (std) then -- translit-script not set, use language code if not title_table[std] then return nil, table.concat ({'translit-std not valid: ', std or '[missing]'}); end -- invalid standard, setup for error message if title_table[std][code] then -- if language code is in the table (transl may not provide a language code) -- table.insert (text, table.concat ({title_table[std][code:lower()], ' (', lang_table[code][1], ' language) transliteration'})); -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip table.insert (text, table.concat ({'Transliteration according to ', title_table[std][code:lower()], ' (Language ', language_name, ')'})); -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip else -- code doesn't match table.insert (text, title_table[std]['default']); -- so use the standard's default end else -- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set if title_table['no_std'][tscript] then table.insert (text, title_table['no_std'][tscript]); -- use translit-script if set elseif title_table['no_std'][code] then table.insert (text, title_table['no_std'][code]); -- use language code else if is_set (tscript) then table.insert (text, table.concat ({'Transliteration of the writing system of the ', language_name})); -- write a script tool tip elseif is_set (code) then if not language_name:find ('ቋንቋታት') then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name) table.insert (text, '-language') -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only) end table.insert (text, ' transliteration'); -- finish the tool tip else table.insert (text, ' transliteration'); -- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?) end end end tout:attr('title', table.concat (text)); tout:wikitext(translit); return tostring(tout), msg; end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T >---------------------------------------------------- This function checks the content of args.text and returns empty string if nothing is amiss else it returns an error message. The tests are for empty or missing text and for improper or disallowed use of apostrophe markup. Italic rendering is controlled by the |italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text either as ''itself'' or as '''''bold italic''''' unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert. ]] local function validate_text (template, args) if not is_set (args.text) then return make_error_msg ('no text', args, template); end if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("\'\'\'\'\'[\']+") then -- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes return make_error_msg ('text has malformed markup', args, template); end local style = args.italic; if ('unset' ~= style) and ('invert' ~=style) then if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic return make_error_msg ('text has italic markup', args, template); end end end --[[--------------------------< C L E A N _ T E X T >---------------------------------------------------- Remove italic formatting ]] local function clean_text (args) local style = args.italic; if ('unset' ~= style) and ('invert' ~=style) and args.text then if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic return args.text:gsub("\'\'", ""); end end return args.text; end --[[--------------------------< R E N D E R _ M A I N T >------------------------------------------------------ render mainenance messages and categories ]] local function render_maint(nocat, args) local maint = {}; local style = args.italic; if ('unset' ~= style) and ('invert' ~=style) then if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic --table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'[[Category:Wikipedia:Errors_of_Lang_and_lang-xx]]'})); end end if 0 < #maint_msgs then -- when there are maintenance messages table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'<span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">'})); -- opening <span> tag for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '})); -- add message strings end table.insert (maint, '</span>'); -- close the span end if (0 < #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then -- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'[[Category:', cat, ']]'})); -- format and add the categories end end return table.concat (maint); end --[[--------------------------< P R O T O _ P R E F I X >------------------------------------------------------ for proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat. We do that here as a flag for make_text_html() so that a splat will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used). If the first character in text here is already a splat, we do nothing proto_param is boolean or nil; true adds splat prefix regardless of language name; false removes and / or inhibits regardless of language name; nil does nothing; presumes that the value in text is correct but removes extra splac ]] local function proto_prefix (text, language_name, proto_param) if false == proto_param then -- when forced by |proto=no return text:gsub ('^%**', ''); -- return text without splat prefix regardless of language name or existing splat prefix in text elseif (language_name:find ('^Proto%-') or (true == proto_param)) then -- language is a proto or forced by |proto=yes return text:gsub ('^%**', '*'); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat; also removes duplicate prefixing splats end return text:gsub ('^%*+', '*'); -- return text unmolested except multiple splats reduced to one splat end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ P O E M _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------ looks for a poem strip marker in text; returns true when found; false else auto-italic detection disabled when text has poem stripmarker because it is not possible for this code to know the content that will replace the stripmarker. ]] local function has_poem_tag (text) return text:find ('\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-poem%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127') and true or false; end --[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T A G _ S E L E C T >------------------------------------------------ Inspects content of and selectively trims text. Returns text and the name of an appropriate html tag for text. If text contains: \n\n text has implied <p>..</p> tags - trim leading and trailing whitespace and return If text begins with list markup: \n* unordered \n; definition \n: definition \n# ordered trim all leading whitespace except \n and trim all trailing whitespace If text contains <poem>...</poem> stripmarker, return text unmodified and choose <div>..</div> tags because the stripmarker is replaced with text wrapped in <div>..</div> tags. ]] local function html_tag_select (text) local tag; if has_poem_tag (text) then -- contains poem stripmarker (we can't know the content of that) tag = 'div'; -- poem replacement is in div tags so lang must use div tags elseif mw.text.trim (text):find ('\n\n+') then -- contains implied p tags text = mw.text.trim (text); -- trim leading and trailing whitespace characters tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain p tags (added later by MediaWiki); poem replacement is in div tags elseif text:find ('\n[%*:;%#]') then -- if text has list markup text = text:gsub ('^[\t\r\f ]*', ''):gsub ('%s*$', ''); -- trim all whitespace except leading newline character '\n' tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain ul, dd, dl, ol tags (added later by MediaWiki) else text = mw.text.trim (text); -- plain text tag = 'span'; -- so span is fine end return text, tag; end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ P R O T O >-------------------------------------------------- validates value assigned to |proto=; permitted values are yes and no; yes returns as true, no returns as false, empty string (or parameter omitted) returns as nil; any other value returns as nil with a second return value of true indicating that some other value has been assigned to |proto= ]] local function validate_proto (proto_param) if 'yes' == proto_param then return true; elseif 'no' == proto_param then return false; elseif is_set (proto_param) then return nil, true; -- |proto= something other than 'yes' or 'no' else return nil; -- missing or empty end end --[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T >-------------------------------------------- common function to return language name from the data set according to IETF tag returns language name if found in data tables; nil else ]] local function language_name_get (ietf, code, cat) ietf = ietf:lower(); -- ietf:lower() because format_ietf_tag() returns mixed case local name; -- remains nil if not found local code; local msg; local subtags = {}; code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (ietf, nil, nil, nil); if override_table[ietf] then -- look for whole IETF tag in override table name = override_table[ietf][1]; else if override_table[code] then -- not there so try basic language code name = override_table[code][1]; elseif lang_ti_table[code] then -- shift to iana code/name table name = lang_ti_table[code][1]; elseif lang_table[code] then -- shift to iana code/name table name = lang_table[code][1]; -- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one elseif lang_ti_dep_table[code] then name = lang_ti_dep_table[code][1]; -- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one elseif lang_dep_table[code] then name = lang_dep_table[code][1]; -- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one end if is_set(subtags.region) then name = mw.ustring.lower(name) .. ' de ' .. region_table[subtags.region][1]:gsub("^%l", mw.ustring.upper); --name = name .. ' de ' .. region_table[subtags.region][1]:gsub("^%l", mw.ustring.upper); end end if lang_dep_table[code] and cat then -- because deprecated code may have been overridden to en.wiki preferred name table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Wikipedia:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|', code})); table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' is deprecated'})); end return name; -- name from data tables or nil end --[[--------------------------< A R T I C L E _ N A M E _ G E T >-------------------------------------------- common function to return the name of the article based on the data according to a language code returns standard language title if found or override data ]] local function article_name_get (ietf, code, language_name) ietf = ietf:lower(); -- ietf:lower() because format_ietf_tag() returns mixed case if not is_set(language_name) then return nil end local link; -- remains nil if not found local link_text; -- remains nil if not found local code; local msg; local subtags = {}; code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (ietf, nil, nil, nil); if lang_data.article_name[ietf] then -- look for whole IETF tag in override table link = lang_data.article_name[ietf][1]; link_text = language_name; elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then -- not there so try basic language code link = lang_data.article_name[code][1]; link_text = language_name; else if language_name:find ('ቋንቋታት') then link = language_name; link_text = language_name; elseif is_set(subtags.region) then link = language_name; link_text = language_name; else link = 'ቋንቋ ' .. language_name; link_text = language_name; end end return link, link_text; -- name from data tables or nil end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G >-------------------------------------------------------------------- entry point for {{lang}} there should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}}} <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly> parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame) ]] local function _lang (args) local out = {}; local language_name; -- used to make category names local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local code; -- the language code local msg; -- for error messages local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html() local template = args.template or 'Lang'; validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed if args[1] and args.code then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and |code=', args, template); else args.code = args[1] or args.code; -- prefer args.code end if args[2] and args.text then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and |text=', args, template); else args.text = args[2] or args.text; -- prefer args.text end args.text = clean_text(args); msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set if is_set (msg) then -- msg is an already-formatted error message return msg; end args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes'; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag if msg then return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'|proto= not valid: ', args.proto}), args, template); end code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code); -- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code ({{{1}}} in {{lang}}) if msg then return make_error_msg ( msg, args, template); end args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if nil == args.italic then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.italic controls if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn (this_wiki_lang ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and not has_poem_tag (args.text) and unicode.is_Latin (args.text)) then -- text not this wiki's language, no script specified and not in poem markup but is wholly latn script (auto-italics) args.italic = 'italic'; -- DEFAULT for {{lang}} templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic else args.italic = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style end end if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set, override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script end end args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant if 'invert' == args.italic and 'span' == tag then -- invert only supported for in-line content args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, language_name, subtags)); table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat, args)); -- maintenance messages and categories return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done end --[[--------------------------< L A N G >---------------------------------------------------------------------- entry point for {{lang}} there should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}} <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly> parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame) ]] local function lang (frame) local args = getArgs (frame, { -- this code so that we can detect and handle wiki list markup in text valueFunc = function (key, value) if 2 == key or 'text' == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace return value; end end return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace end -- end of valueFunc }); return _lang (args); end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X >---------------------------------------------------------------- For the {{lang-xx}} templates, the only parameter required to be set in the template is the language code. All other parameters can, usually should, be written in the template call. For {{lang-xx}} templates for languages that can have multiple writing systems, it may be appropriate to set |script= as well. For each {{lang-xx}} template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function knows the default styling that should be applied to text. For normal, upright style: <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=xx}}</includeonly> For italic style: <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic|code=xx}}</includeonly> All other parameters should be received from the template's frame (parent frame) Supported parameters are: |code = (required) the IANA language code |script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems |region = IANA region code |variant = IANA variant code |text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code |link = boolean false ('no') does not link code-spcified language name to associated language article |rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a right-to-left language |nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected |cat = boolian false ('no') opposite form of |nocat= |italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state |lit = text that is a literal translation of text |label = 'none' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.') any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled for those {{lang-xx}} templates that support transliteration (those templates where |text= is not entirely latn script): |translit = text that is a transliteration of text |translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration |translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code For {{lang-xx}}, the positional parameters are: {{{1}}} text {{{2}}} transliterated text {{{3}}} literal translation text no other positional parameters are allowed ]] local function _lang_xx (args) local out = {}; local language_name; -- used to make display text, article links local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, and variant local code; -- the language code local translit_script_name; -- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code local translit; local translit_title; local msg; -- for error messages local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html() local template = args.template or 'Lang-xx'; if args[1] and args.text then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and |text=', args, template); else args.text = args[1] or args.text; -- prefer args.text end args.text = clean_text(args); msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding if is_set (msg) then return msg; end args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly if args[2] and args.translit then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and |translit=', args, template); else args.translit = args[2] or args.translit -- prefer args.translit end if args[3] and (args.translation or args.lit) then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{3}}} and |lit= or |translation=', args, template); elseif args.translation and args.lit then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: |lit= and |translation=', args, template); else args.translation = args[3] or args.translation or args.lit; -- prefer args.translation end if args.links and args.link then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: |links= and |link=', args, template); else args.link = args.link or args.links; -- prefer args.link end validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes'; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant); -- private omitted because private if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if nil == args.italic then -- args.italic controls if is_set (subtags.script) then if 'latn' == subtags.script then args.italic = 'italic'; -- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic else args.italic = initial_style_state; -- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style:<initial_style_state> end else args.italic = initial_style_state; -- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style:<initial_style_state> end end if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script end end args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag if msg then return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'|proto= not valid: ', args.proto}), args, template); end args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant category_name = language_name; -- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any) language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them if args.label then if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '})); -- custom label end else table.insert (out, 'ብ'); if 'no' == args.link then table.insert (out, language_name); -- language name without wikilink else local article_name; local link_text; article_name, link_text = article_name_get (args.code, code, language_name); if page_exists(article_name) then table.insert (out, make_wikilink (article_name, link_text)); else table.insert (out, language_name); end end table.insert (out, '፦ '); -- separator end if 'invert' == args.italic then args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, ('none' == args.label) and language_name or nil, subtags)) if is_set (args.translit) and not unicode.is_Latin (args.text) then -- transliteration (not supported in {{lang}}); not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test) table.insert (out, ', '); -- comma to separate text from translit if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, '<small>'); if script_table[args['translit-script']] then -- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name translit_script_name = script_table[args['translit-script'][1]]; else translit_script_name = mw.ustring.lower(language_name); -- fall back on language name end translit_title = mw.title.makeTitle (0, table.concat ({'Romanization of ', translit_script_name})); -- make a title object if translit_title.exists and ('no' ~= args.link) then table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Romanization of ' .. translit_script_name or language_name, 'romanized') .. ':'); -- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to else table.insert (out, 'romanized:'); -- else plain text end table.insert (out, '&nbsp;</small>'); -- close the small tag end translit, msg = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script']) if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if is_set (translit) then table.insert (out, translit); end end if is_set (args.translation) then -- translation (not supported in {{lang}}) table.insert (out, ', '); if 'none' ~= args.label then test = mw.html.create('small') if 'no' == args.link then test :tag('abbr') :attr('title', 'literal translation') :wikitext('lit.'):done(); else test:wikitext(make_wikilink ('Metaphrastic translation', 'lit.')); end test:wikitext('&nbsp;'); table.insert (out, tostring(test)); end table.insert (out, table.concat ({'&#39;', args.translation, '&#39;'})); -- use html entities to avoid wiki markup confusion end table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat, args)); -- maintenance messages and categories return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ A R G S _ G E T >---------------------------------------------- common function to get args table from {{lang-??}} templates returns table of args ]] local function lang_xx_args_get (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { parentFirst= true, -- parameters in the template override parameters set in the {{#invoke:}} valueFunc = function (key, value) if 1 == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace return value; end end return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace end -- end of valueFunc }); return args; end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >-------------------------------------------------- Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_italic(). Sets the initial style state to italic. ]] local function lang_xx_italic (frame) local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame); initial_style_state = 'italic'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------ Entry point ffrom another module. Sets the initial style state to italic. ]] local function _lang_xx_italic (args) initial_style_state = 'italic'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >------------------------------------------------ Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit(). Sets the initial style state to inherit. ]] local function lang_xx_inherit (frame) local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame); initial_style_state = 'inherit'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >---------------------------------------------- Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to inherit. ]] local function _lang_xx_inherit (args) initial_style_state = 'inherit'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< _ I S _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------ Returns true when a language name associated with IETF language tag exists; nil else. IETF language tag must be valid. All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function. Module entry point from another module ]] local function _is_ietf_tag (tag) -- entry point when this module is require()d into another local c, e, s, r, v, ext, p, err; -- code, script, region, variant, private, error message c, e, s, r, v, ext, p, err = get_ietf_parts (tag); -- disassemble tag into constituent part and validate return ((c and not err) and true) or nil; -- return true when code portion has a value without error message; nil else end --[[--------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G >-------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function is_ietf_tag (frame) return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs(frame)[1]); -- args[1] is the ietf language tag to be tested; getArgs() so we also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< _ N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------------- Returns language name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else. All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function. Set invoke's |link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name. Module entry point from another module ]] local function _name_from_tag (args) local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local raw_code = args[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag local link = 'yes' == args['link']; -- make a boolean local label = args.label; local code; -- the language code local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid local language_name = ''; code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code); if msg then local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template) return table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-size: 100%; font-style: normal;\" class=\"error\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'}); end raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private language_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them if link then -- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name local article_name; local link_text; article_name, link_text = article_name_get (raw_code, code, language_name); language_name = make_wikilink (article_name, label or link_text); end return language_name; end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >---------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function name_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|<ietf tag>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}} return _name_from_tag (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< _ T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >-------------------------------------------------- Returns the ietf language tag associated with the language name. Spelling of language name must be correct according to the spelling in the source tables. When a standard language name has a parenthetical disambiguator, that disambiguator must be omitted (they are not present in the data name-to-tag tables). Module entry point from another module ]] local function _tag_from_name (args) -- entry point from another module local msg; if args[1] and '' ~= args[1] then local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/tag from name'); -- get the reversed data tables TODO: change when going live local lang = mw.ustring.lower(args[1]); -- allow any-case for the language name (speeling must till be correct) local tag = data.rev_override_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_ti_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_ti_dep_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_dep_table[lang]; -- get the code; look first in the override then in the standard if tag then return tag, true; -- language name found so return tag and done; second return used by is_lang_name() else msg = 'language: ' .. args[1] .. ' not found' -- language name not found, error message end else msg = 'missing language name' -- language name not provided, error message end local template = ''; if args.template and '' ~= args.template then template = table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '}); -- make template name (if provided by the template) end return table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-size: 100%; font-style: normal;\" class=\"error\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'}); end --[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >---------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function tag_from_name (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|tag_from_name|<language name>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}} local result, _ = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by is_lang_name() return result; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ L A N G _ N A M E >------------------------------------------------------ Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function is_lang_name (frame) local _, result = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by tag_from_name() return result and true or nil; end --[[--------------------------< _ T R A N S L >---------------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from another module ]] local function _transl (args) local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards local language_name; -- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip local translit; -- translitterated text to display local script; -- IANA script local msg; -- for when called functions return an error message if is_set (args[3]) then -- [3] set when {{transl|code|standard|text}} args.text = args[3]; -- get the transliterated text args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower(); -- get the standard; lower case for table indexing if not title_table[args.translit_std] then return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized transliteration standard: ', args.translit_std}), args, 'Transl'); end else if is_set (args[2]) then -- [2] set when {{transl|code|text}} args.text = args[2]; -- get the transliterated text else if args[1] and args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then -- args[2] missing; is args[1] a code or its it the transliterated text? return make_error_msg ('no text', args, 'Transl'); -- args[1] is a code so we're missing text else args.text = args[1]; -- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'Transl'); end end end if is_set (args[1]) then -- IANA language code used for html lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then -- args[1] has correct form? args.code = args[1]:lower(); -- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters); lower case because table indexes are lower case else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args[1]}), args, 'Transl'); -- invalid language / script code end else return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'Transl'); -- missing language / script code so quit end args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'Transl'); end if 'italic' == args.italic then -- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default args.italic = nil; -- set to nil; end if override_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the override table? language_name = override_table[args.code][1]; elseif lang_ti_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables? language_name = lang_ti_table[args.code][1]; elseif lang_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables? language_name = lang_table[args.code][1]; elseif lang_ti_dep_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the deprecated language code tables? language_name = lang_ti_dep_table[args.code][1]; elseif lang_dep_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the deprecated language code tables? language_name = lang_dep_table[args.code][1]; elseif script_table[args.code] then -- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code? language_name = script_table[args.code][1]; script = args.code; -- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead args.code = ''; -- unset because not a language code else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args.code}), args, 'Transl'); -- invalid language / script code end local res; -- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit() are valid res, msg = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.italic); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'Transl'); end return res; end --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L >------------------------------------------------------------------ Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function transl (frame) return _transl (getArgs(frame)); end --[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------- Returns category name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function. Module entry point from another module ]] local function _category_from_tag (args) local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local raw_code = args[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag local link = 'yes' == args['link']; -- make a boolean local label = args.label; local code; -- the language code local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid local category_name = ''; code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code); if msg then local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template) return table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-size: 100%; font-style: normal;\" class=\"error\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'}); end raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.extlang, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.extension, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private category_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant category_name = make_category (code, category_name, nil, true):gsub ('[%[%]]', ''); return category_name; end --[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function category_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|category_from_tag|<ietf tag>|template=<template name>}} return _category_from_tag (getArgs (frame)); -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { category_from_tag = category_from_tag, lang = lang, -- entry point for {{lang}} lang_xx_inherit = lang_xx_inherit, -- entry points for {{lang-??}} lang_xx_italic = lang_xx_italic, is_ietf_tag = is_ietf_tag, is_lang_name = is_lang_name, tag_from_name = tag_from_name, -- returns ietf tag associated with language name name_from_tag = name_from_tag, -- used for template documentation; possible use in ISO 639 name from code templates transl = transl, -- entry point for {{transl}} _category_from_tag = _category_from_tag, -- entry points when this module is require()d into other modules _lang = _lang, _lang_xx_inherit = _lang_xx_inherit, _lang_xx_italic = _lang_xx_italic, _is_ietf_tag = _is_ietf_tag, get_ietf_parts = get_ietf_parts, _tag_from_name = _tag_from_name, _name_from_tag = _name_from_tag, _transl = _transl, }; p0dpshk0tx6ehjq6120h5hrczpsktqb 10 5221 21302 2020-10-16T23:07:55Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:Lang|transl}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Lang|transl}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> o8z4apt19o91sf9okax90qs0m2phntr 828 5222 22147 21303 2021-01-24T19:54:55Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local mt = getmetatable(_G) or {} function mt.__index (t, k) if k ~= 'arg' then error('Tried to read nil global ' .. tostring(k), 2) end return nil end function mt.__newindex(t, k, v) if k ~= 'arg' then --error('Tried to write global ' .. tostring(k), 2) end rawset(t, k, v) end setmetatable(_G, mt) ibvmbbjuf4jy4i5w33wyfzd04toj8vk 828 5223 21304 2020-10-16T23:17:41Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «local p = {} local floor = math.floor local function errorf(level, ...) if type(level) == "number" then return error(string.format(...), level + 1) else...» Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local floor = math.floor local function errorf(level, ...) if type(level) == "number" then return error(string.format(...), level + 1) else -- level is actually the format string. return error(string.format(level, ...), 2) end end local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges) local low, mid, high low, high = 1, ranges.length or require "Module:TableTools".length(ranges) while low <= high do mid = floor((low + high) / 2) local range = ranges[mid] if codepoint < range[1] then high = mid - 1 elseif codepoint <= range[2] then return range, mid else low = mid + 1 end end return nil, mid end p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search --[[ local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges) for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do if range[1] <= codepoint and codepoint <= range[2] then return range end end end --]] -- Load a module by indexing "loader" with the name of the module minus the -- "Module:Unicode data/" part. For instance, loader.blocks returns -- [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be -- returned. local loader = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (self, key) local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Unicode data/" .. key) if not success then data = false end self[key] = data return data end }) -- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names, -- see "Hangul Syllable Name Generation" in section 3.12 of the -- Unicode Specification: -- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf local name_hooks = { { 0x00, 0x1F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- C0 control characters { 0x7F, 0x9F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- DEL and C1 control characters { 0x3400, 0x4DBF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A { 0x4E00, 0x9FFC, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph { 0xAC00, 0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00 return ("HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s"):format( Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)], Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count) / Hangul_data.trail_count)], Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count] ) end }, -- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates { 0xD800, 0xDFFF, "<surrogate-%04X>" }, { 0xE000, 0xF8FF, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Private Use -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs { 0xF900, 0xFA6D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, { 0xFA70, 0xFAD9, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, { 0x17000, 0x187F7, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph { 0x18800, 0x18AFF, function (codepoint) return ("TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d"):format(codepoint - 0x187FF) end }, { 0x18D00, 0x18D08, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph Supplement { 0x1B170, 0x1B2FB, "NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Nushu { 0x20000, 0x2A6DD, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B { 0x2A700, 0x2B734, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C { 0x2B740, 0x2B81D, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension D { 0x2B820, 0x2CEA1, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E { 0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane) { 0x2F800, 0x2FA1D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement return ("VARIATION SELECTOR-%d"):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17) end}, { 0x30000, 0x3134A, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension G { 0xF0000, 0xFFFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Plane 15 Private Use { 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" } -- Plane 16 Private Use } name_hooks.length = #name_hooks local name_range_cache local function generate_name(data, codepoint) if type(data) == "string" then return data:format(codepoint) else return data(codepoint) end end --[[ -- Checks that the code point is a number and in range. -- Does not check whether code point is an integer. -- Not used local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val) require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number') if codepoint < 0 or 0x10FFFF < codepoint then errorf("Codepoint %04X out of range", codepoint) end end --]] -- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8 function p.lookup_name(codepoint) -- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned -- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters: -- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4 if 0xFDD0 <= codepoint and (codepoint <= 0xFDEF or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) >= 0xFFFE) then return ("<noncharacter-%04X>"):format(codepoint) end if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used "name hook" applies to this code point. and codepoint >= name_range_cache[1] and codepoint <= name_range_cache[2] then return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint) end local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks) if range then name_range_cache = range return generate_name(range[3], codepoint) end local data = loader[('names/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)] if data and data[codepoint] then return data[codepoint] -- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters. -- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter, -- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved, -- so it must be reserved. else return ("<reserved-%04X>"):format(codepoint) end end --[[ -- No image data modules on Wikipedia yet. function p.lookup_image(codepoint) local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)] if data then return data[codepoint] end end --]] local planes = { [ 0] = "Basic Multilingual Plane"; [ 1] = "Supplementary Multilingual Plane"; [ 2] = "Supplementary Ideographic Plane"; [ 3] = "Tertiary Ideographic Plane"; [14] = "Supplementary Special-purpose Plane"; [15] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-A"; [16] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-B"; } -- Load [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]] if needed and assign it to this variable. local blocks local function block_iter(blocks, i) i = i + 1 local data = blocks[i] if data then -- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData. return i, data[1], data[2], data[3] end end -- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks. function p.enum_blocks() local blocks = loader.blocks return block_iter, blocks, 0 end function p.lookup_plane(codepoint) local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000) return planes[i] or ("Plane %u"):format(i) end function p.lookup_block(codepoint) local blocks = loader.blocks local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks) if range then return range[3] else return "No Block" end end function p.get_block_info(name) for i, block in ipairs(loader.blocks) do if block[3] == name then return block end end end function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename) local has_nonws = false for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do if (cp == 0x0023) -- # or (cp == 0x005B) -- [ or (cp == 0x005D) -- ] or (cp == 0x007B) -- { or (cp == 0x007C) -- | or (cp == 0x007D) -- } or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR or ((cp >= 0x2000) and (cp <= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER then return false end local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp) if not printable then return false end if result ~= "space-separator" then has_nonws = true end end return has_nonws end local function manual_unpack(what, from) if what[from + 1] == nil then return what[from] end local result = {} from = from or 1 for i, item in ipairs(what) do if i >= from then table.insert(result, item) end end return unpack(result) end local function compare_ranges(range1, range2) return range1[1] < range2[1] end -- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains "singles" (a -- code point-to-data map) and "ranges" (an array containing arrays that contain -- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that -- range). -- "loader" loads and returns the "singles" and "ranges" tables. -- "match_func" is passed the code point and either the data or the "dots", and -- generates the final result of the function. -- The varargs ("dots") describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't -- a match. -- In case the function is used more than once, "cache" saves ranges that have -- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there -- was no match. local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...) local dots = { ... } local cache = {} local singles, ranges return function (codepoint) if not singles then local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage] singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges end if singles[codepoint] then return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint]) end local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache) if range then return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3)) end local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges) if range then table.insert(cache, range) table.sort(cache, compare_ranges) return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3)) end if ranges[index] then local dots_range if codepoint > ranges[index][2] then dots_range = { ranges[index][2] + 1, ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF, unpack(dots) } else -- codepoint < range[index][1] dots_range = { ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0, ranges[index][1] - 1, unpack(dots) } end table.sort(cache, compare_ranges) end return match_func(codepoint) end end -- Get a code point's combining class value in [[Module:Unicode data/combining]], -- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default -- if the combining class value is not found in this data module. -- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not. -- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for -- more information. p.is_combining = memo_lookup( "combining", function (codepoint, combining_class) return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false end, 0) function p.add_dotted_circle(str) return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, ".", function(char) if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then return '◌' .. char end end)) end local lookup_control = memo_lookup( "control", function (codepoint, ccc) return ccc or "assigned" end, "assigned") p.lookup_control = lookup_control function p.is_assigned(codepoint) return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= "unassigned" end function p.is_printable(codepoint) local result = lookup_control(codepoint) return (result == "assigned") or (result == "space-separator"), result end function p.is_whitespace(codepoint) local result = lookup_control(codepoint) return (result == "space-separator"), result end p.lookup_category = memo_lookup( "category", function (codepoint, category) return category end, "Cn") local lookup_script = memo_lookup( "scripts", function (codepoint, script_code) return script_code or 'Zzzz' end, "Zzzz") p.lookup_script = lookup_script function p.get_best_script(str) -- Check type of argument, because mw.text.decode coerces numbers to strings! require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") -- Convert HTML character references (including named character references, -- or character entities) to characters. str = mw.text.decode(str, true) local scripts = {} for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do local script = lookup_script(codepoint) -- Ignore "Inherited", "Undetermined", or "Uncoded" scripts. if not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then scripts[script] = true end end -- If scripts does not contain two or more keys, -- return first and only key (script code) in table. if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then return next(scripts) end -- else return majority script, or else "Zzzz"? end function p.is_Latin(str) require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") str = mw.text.decode(str, true) -- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the -- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. If they are not found and there is at least -- one Latin-script character, the string counts as Latin, because the rest -- of the characters can only be Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz. -- The only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point of the Greek -- and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz. -- See the codepage in the [[UTF-8]] article. if not str:find "[\205-\244]" then for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do if lookup_script(codepoint) == "Latn" then return true end end end local Latn = false for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do local script = lookup_script(codepoint) if script == "Latn" then Latn = true elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then return false end end return Latn end -- Checks that a string contains only characters belonging to right-to-left -- scripts, or characters of ignorable scripts. function p.is_rtl(str) require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") str = mw.text.decode(str, true) -- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the -- code points U+0580-U+10FFFF. If they are not found, the string can only -- have characters from a left-to-right script, because the first code point -- in a right-to-left script is U+0591, in the Hebrew block. if not str:find "[\214-\244]" then return false end local result = false local rtl = loader.scripts.rtl for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do local script = lookup_script(codepoint) if rtl[script] then result = true elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then return false end end return result end local function get_codepoint(args, arg) local codepoint_string = args[arg] or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg)) local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16) or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is not a code point in hexadecimal base", tostring(arg)) if not (0 <= codepoint and codepoint <= 0x10FFFF) then errorf(2, "code point in parameter %s out of range", tostring(arg)) end return codepoint end local function get_func(args, arg, prefix) local suffix = args[arg] or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg)) suffix = mw.text.trim(suffix) local func_name = prefix .. suffix local func = p[func_name] or errorf(2, "There is no function '%s'", func_name) return func end -- This function allows any of the "lookup" functions to be invoked. The first -- parameter is the word after "lookup_"; the second parameter is the code point -- in hexadecimal base. function p.lookup(frame) local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "lookup_") local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2) local result = func(codepoint) if func == p.lookup_name then -- Prevent code point labels such as <control-0000> from being -- interpreted as HTML tags. result = result:gsub("<", "&lt;") end return result end function p.is(frame) local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "is_") -- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings. if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename or func == p.is_rtl then return (func(frame.args[2])) else -- The rest take code points. local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2) return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result. end end return p 6kd0945q1e20ht5w0rqqfrsnwfn49yr 828 5224 23198 22577 2021-10-17T00:19:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ N A M E _ T A B L E >------------------------------------------------ primary table of tables that decode: lang -> language tags and names script -> ISO 15924 script tags region -> ISO 3166 region tags variant -> iana registered variant tags suppressed -> map of scripts tags and their associated language tags all of these data come from separate modules that are derived from the IANA language-subtag-registry file key_to_lower() avoids the metatable trap and sets all keys in the subtables to lowercase. Many language codes have multiple associated names; Module:lang is only concerned with the first name so key_to_lower() only fetches the first name. TODO: instead of returning: ["key"] = {"name"} where each table has only one name, return ["key"] = "name" requires changes in Module:Lang. ]] local function key_to_lower (module, src_type) local out = {}; local source = (('variants' == src_type) and require (module)) or mw.loadData (module); -- fetch data from this module; require() avoids metatable trap for variant data if 'variants' == src_type then for k, v in pairs (source) do out[k:lower()] = v; -- for variant, everything is needed end elseif 'lang' == src_type and source.active then -- for ~/iana_languages (active) for k, v in pairs (source.active) do out[k:lower()] = {v[1]}; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only end elseif 'lang_dep' == src_type and source.deprecated then -- for ~/iana_languages (deprecated) for k, v in pairs (source.deprecated) do out[k:lower()] = {v[1]}; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only end else -- here for all other sources for k, v in pairs (source) do out[k:lower()] = {v[1]}; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only end end return out; end local lang_name_table = { lang = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana languages', 'lang'), lang_dep = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana languages', 'lang_dep'), lang_ti = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana languages translation', 'lang'), lang_ti_dep = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana languages translation', 'lang_dep'), script = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana scripts'), -- script keys are capitalized; set to lower region = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana regions'), -- region keys are uppercase; set to lower variant = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana variants', 'var_sup'), suppressed = key_to_lower ('Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts', 'var_sup'), -- script keys are capitalized; set to lower } --[[--------------------------< O V E R R I D E >-------------------------------------------------------------- Language codes and names in this table override the BCP47 names in lang_name_table. indexes in this table shall always be lower case ]] local override = { ------------------------------< I S O _ 6 3 9 - 2, - 3, - 5 >---------------------------------------------- ["el"] = {"ግሪኽኛ"}, -- ግሪኽኛ (ዘመናዊ) ["he"] = {"እብራይስጢ"}, -- እብራይስጢ (ዘመናዊ) --[[ ORIGINAL CONTENT OF -> Module:Lang/data ["ca-valencia"] = {"Valencian"}, ["cu"] = {"Church Slavonic"}, -- 2nd IANA name; ["de-at"] = {"Austrian German"}, -- these code-region and code-variant tags to match en.wiki article names ["de-ch"] = {"Swiss Standard German"}, ["en-au"] = {"Australian English"}, ["en-ca"] = {"Canadian English"}, ["en-emodeng"] = {"Early Modern English"}, ["en-gb"] = {"British English"}, ["en-ie"] = {"Irish English"}, ["en-in"] = {"Indian English"}, ["en-nz"] = {"New Zealand English"}, ["en-us"] = {"American English"}, ["en-za"] = {"South African English"}, ["fy"] = {"West Frisian"}, -- Western Frisian ["mo"] = {"Moldovan"}, -- Moldavian (deprecated code); to match en.wiki article title ["oc-provenc"] = {"Provençal"}, ["ps"] = {"Pashto"}, -- Pushto ["tw-asante"] = {"Asante Twi"}, ["av"] = {"Avar"}, -- Avaric ["bo"] = {"Standard Tibetan"}, -- Tibetan ["el"] = {"Greek"}, -- Modern Greek ["ff"] = {"Fula"}, -- Fulah ["ht"] = {"Haitian Creole"}, -- Haitian ["hz"] = {"Otjiherero"}, -- Herero ["ii"] = {"Yi"}, -- Sichuan Yi ["ki"] = {"Gikuyu"}, -- Kikuyu ["kl"] = {"Greenlandic"}, -- Kalaallisut ["ky"] = {"Kyrgyz"}, -- Kirghiz ["lg"] = {"Luganda"}, -- Ganda ["li"] = {"Limburgish"}, -- Limburgan ["mi"] = {"Māori"}, -- Maori ["na"] = {"Nauruan"}, -- Nauru ["nb"] = {"Bokmål"}, -- Norwegian Bokmål ["nd"] = {"Northern Ndebele"}, -- North Ndebele ["nn"] = {"Nynorsk"}, -- Norwegian Nynorsk ["nr"] = {"Southern Ndebele"}, -- South Ndebele ["ny"] = {"Chichewa"}, -- Nyanja ["oj"] = {"Ojibwe"}, -- Ojibwa ["or"] = {"Odia"}, -- Oriya ["pa"] = {"Punjabi"}, -- Panjabi ["rn"] = {"Kirundi"}, -- Rundi ["sl"] = {"Slovene"}, -- Slovenian ["ss"] = {"Swazi"}, -- Swati ["st"] = {"Sotho"}, -- Southern Sotho ["to"] = {"Tongan"}, -- Tonga ["arc"] = {"Aramaic"}, -- Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE), Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE); ["art"] = {"constructed"}, -- to match en.wiki article; lowercase for category name ["bhd"] = {"Bhadarwahi"}, -- Bhadrawahi; to match en.wiki article title ["bla"] = {"Blackfoot"}, -- Siksika; to match en.wiki article title ["bua"] = {"Buryat"}, -- Buriat; this is a macro language; these four use wp preferred transliteration; ["bxm"] = {"Mongolian Buryat"}, -- Mongolia Buriat; these three all redirect to Buryat ["bxr"] = {"Russian Buryat"}, -- Russia Buriat; ["bxu"] = {"Chinese Buryat"}, -- China Buriat; ["byr"] = {"Yipma"}, -- Baruya, Yipma ["egy"] = {"Ancient Egyptian"}, -- Egyptian (Ancient); distinguish from contemporary arz: Egyptian Arabic ["frr"] = {"North Frisian"}, -- Northern Frisian ["frs"] = {"East Frisian Low Saxon"}, -- Eastern Frisian ["ilo"] = {"Ilocano"}, -- Iloko; to match en.wiki article title ["jam"] = {"Jamaican Patois"}, -- Jamaican Creole English ["mhr"] = {"Meadow Mari"}, -- Eastern Mari ["mid"] = {"Modern Mandaic"}, -- Mandaic ["mla"] = {"Tamambo"}, -- Malo ['mte'] = {"Mono-Alu"}, -- Mono (Solomon Islands) ["nan-tw"] = {"Taiwanese Hokkien"}, -- make room for IANA / 639-3 nan Min Nan Chinese; match en.wiki article title ["nrf"] = {"Norman"}, -- not quite a collective - IANA name: Jèrriais; categorizes to Norman-language text ["nzi"] = {"Nzema"}, -- Nzima; to match en.wiki article title ["orv"] = {"Old East Slavic"}, -- Old Russian ["pfl"] = {"Palatine German"}, -- Pfaelzisch; to match en.wiki article ["pms"] = {"Piedmontese"}, -- Piemontese; to match en.wiki article title ["pnb"] = {"Punjabi (Western)"}, -- Western Panjabi; dab added to override import from ~/wp languages and distinguish pnb from pa in reverse look up tag_from_name() ["und"] = {"undetermined"}, -- capitalization to match existing category ["wrg"] = {"Warrongo"}, -- Warungu ["xal-ru"] = {"Kalmyk"}, -- to match en.wiki article title ["xgf"] = {"Tongva"}, -- ISO 639-3 is Gabrielino-Fernandeño ["ace"] = {"Acehnese"}, -- Achinese ["aec"] = {"Sa'idi Arabic"}, -- Saidi Arabic ["akl"] = {"Aklan"}, -- Aklanon ["alt"] = {"Altay"}, -- Southern Altai ["apm"] = {"Mescalero-Chiricahua"}, -- Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache ["bal"] = {"Balochi"}, -- Baluchi ["bcl"] = {"Central Bicolano"}, -- Central Bikol ["bin"] = {"Edo"}, -- Bini ["bpy"] = {"Bishnupriya Manipuri"}, -- Bishnupriya ["chg"] = {"Chagatay"}, -- Chagatai ["ckb"] = {"Sorani Kurdish"}, -- Central Kurdish ["cnu"] = {"Shenwa"}, -- Chenoua ["coc"] = {"Cocopah"}, -- Cocopa ["diq"] = {"Zazaki"}, -- Dimli ["fit"] = {"Meänkieli"}, -- Tornedalen Finnish ["fkv"] = {"Kven"}, -- Kven Finnish ["frk"] = {"Old Frankish"}, -- Frankish ["gez"] = {"Ge'ez"}, -- Geez ["gju"] = {"Gujari"}, -- Gujari ["gsw"] = {"Alemannic German"}, -- Swiss German ["gul"] = {"Gullah"}, -- Sea Island Creole English ["hak"] = {"Hakka"}, -- Hakka Chinese ["hbo"] = {"Biblical Hebrew"}, -- Ancient Hebrew ["hnd"] = {"Hindko"}, -- Southern Hindko -- ["ikt"] = {"Inuvialuk"}, -- Inuinnaqtun ["kaa"] = {"Karakalpak"}, -- Kara-Kalpak ["khb"] = {"Tai Lü"}, -- Lü ["kmr"] = {"Kurmanji Kurdish"}, -- Northern Kurdish ["kpo"] = {"Kposo"}, -- Ikposo ["krj"] = {"Kinaray-a"}, -- Kinaray-A ["ktz"] = {"Juǀ'hoan"}, -- Juǀʼhoan ["lez"] = {"Lezgian"}, -- Lezghian ["liv"] = {"Livonian"}, -- Liv ["lng"] = {"Lombardic"}, -- Langobardic ["mia"] = {"Miami-Illinois"}, -- Miami ["miq"] = {"Miskito"}, -- Mískito ["mix"] = {"Mixtec"}, -- Mixtepec Mixtec ["mni"] = {"Meitei"}, -- Manipuri ["mrj"] = {"Hill Mari"}, -- Western Mari ["mww"] = {"White Hmong"}, -- Hmong Daw ["nds-nl"] = {"Dutch Low Saxon"}, -- Low German ["new"] = {"Nepal Bhasa"}, -- Newari ["nso"] = {"Northern Sotho"}, -- Pedi ["nwc"] = {"Classical Nepal Bhasa"}, -- Classical Newari ["ood"] = {"O'odham"}, -- Tohono O'odham ["otk"] = {"Old Turkic"}, -- Old Turkish ["pal"] = {"Middle Persian"}, -- Pahlavi ["pam"] = {"Kapampangan"}, -- Pampanga ["phr"] = {"Potwari"}, -- Pahari-Potwari ["pka"] = {"Jain Prakrit"}, -- Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit -- ["pnb"] = {"Punjabi"}, -- Western Panjabi ["psu"] = {"Shauraseni"}, -- Sauraseni Prākrit ["rap"] = {"Rapa Nui"}, -- Rapanui ["rar"] = {"Cook Islands Māori"}, -- Rarotongan ["rmu"] = {"Scandoromani"}, -- Tavringer Romani ["rom"] = {"Romani"}, -- Romany ["rup"] = {"Aromanian"}, -- Macedo-Romanian ["ryu"] = {"Okinawan"}, -- Central Okinawan ["sdc"] = {"Sassarese"}, -- Sassarese Sardinian ["sdn"] = {"Gallurese"}, -- Gallurese Sardinian ["shp"] = {"Shipibo"}, -- Shipibo-Conibo ["src"] = {"Logudorese"}, -- Logudorese Sardinian ["sro"] = {"Campidanese"}, -- Campidanese Sardinian ["tkl"] = {"Tokelauan"}, -- Tokelau ["tvl"] = {"Tuvaluan"}, -- Tuvalu ["tyv"] = {"Tuvan"}, -- Tuvinian ["vls"] = {"West Flemish"}, -- Vlaams ["wep"] = {"Westphalian"}, -- Westphalien ["xal"] = {"Oirat"}, -- Kalmyk ["xcl"] = {"Old Armenian"}, -- Classical Armenian ["yua"] = {"Yucatec Maya"}, -- Yucateco ]] ------------------------------< P R I V A T E - U S E T A G S >---------------------------------------------- ["cel-x-proto"] = {"Proto-Celtic"}, -- cel in IANA is Celtic languages ["gem-x-proto"] = {"Proto-Germanic"}, -- gem in IANA is Germanic languages ["grc-x-aeolic"] = {"Aeolic Greek"}, -- these grc-x-... codes are preferred alternates to the non-standard catchall code grc-gre ["grc-x-attic"] = {"Attic Greek"}, ["grc-x-biblical"] = {"Biblical Greek"}, ["grc-x-byzant"] = {"Byzantine Greek"}, ["grc-x-classic"] = {"Classical Greek"}, ["grc-x-doric"] = {"Doric Greek"}, ["grc-x-hellen"] = {"Hellenistic Greek"}, ["grc-x-ionic"] = {"Ionic Greek"}, ["grc-x-koine"] = {"Koinē Greek"}, ["grc-x-medieval"] = {"Medieval Greek"}, ["grc-x-patris"] = {"Patristic Greek"}, ["grk-x-proto"] = {"Proto-Greek"}, -- grk in IANA is Greek languages ["iir-x-proto"] = {"Proto-Indo-Iranian"}, -- iir in IANA is Indo-Iranian Languages ["ira-x-proto"] = {"Proto-Iranian"}, -- ira in IANA is Iranian languages ["itc-x-proto"] = {"Proto-Italic"}, -- itc in IANA is Italic languages ["ksh-x-colog"] = {"Colognian"}, -- en.wiki article is Colognian; ksh (Kölsch) redirects there ["mis-x-ripuar"] = {"Ripuarian"}, -- replaces improper use of ksh in wp_languages ["sla-x-proto"] = {"Proto-Slavic"}, -- sla in IANA is Slavic languages ["yuf-x-hav"] = {"Havasupai"}, -- IANA name for these three is Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai ["yuf-x-wal"] = {"Walapai"}, ["yuf-x-yav"] = {"Yavapai"}, } --[[--------------------------< A R T I C L E _ L I N K >------------------------------------------------------ for those rare occasions when article titles don't fit with the normal '<language name>-language', this table maps language code to article title. Use of this table should be avoided and the use of redirects preferred as that is the long-standing method of handling article names that don't fit with the normal pattern ]] local article_name = { ["lij"] = {"Ligurian (Romance language)"}, -- Ligurian; see Template_talk:Lang#Ligurian_dab ['mnh'] = {"Mono language (Congo)"}, -- Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo); see Template_talk:Lang#Mono_languages ['mnr'] = {"Mono language (California)"}, -- Mono (USA) ['mru'] = {"Mono language (Cameroon)"}, -- Mono (Cameroon) ["xlg"] = {"Ligurian (ancient language)"}, -- see Template_talk:Lang#Ligurian_dab } --[=[-------------------------< R T L _ S C R I P T S >-------------------------------------------------------- ISO 15924 scripts that are written right-to-left. Data in this table taken from [[ISO 15924#List of codes]] last update to this list: 2017-12-24 ]=] local rtl_scripts = { 'adlm', 'arab', 'aran', 'armi', 'avst', 'cprt', 'egyd', 'egyh', 'hatr', 'hebr', 'hung', 'inds', 'khar', 'lydi', 'mand', 'mani', 'mend', 'merc', 'mero', 'narb', 'nbat', 'nkoo', 'orkh', 'palm', 'phli', 'phlp', 'phlv', 'phnx', 'prti', 'rohg', 'samr', 'sarb', 'sogd', 'sogo', 'syrc', 'syre', 'syrj', 'syrn', 'thaa', 'wole', }; --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L I T T I T L E S >------------------------------------------------ This is a table of tables of transliteration standards and the language codes or language scripts that apply to those standards. This table is used to create the tool-tip text associated with the transliterated text displayed by some of the {{lang-??}} templates. These tables are more-or-less copied directly from {{transl}}. The standard 'NO_STD' is a construct to allow for the cases when no |std= parameter value is provided. ]] local translit_title_table = { ['ahl'] = { ['default'] = 'Academy of the Hebrew Language transliteration', }, ['ala'] = { ['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration', }, ['ala-lc'] = { ['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration', }, ['batr'] = { ['default'] = 'Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules', }, ['bgn/pcgn'] = { ['default'] = 'Board on Geographic Names / Permanent Committee on Geographical Names transliteration', }, ['din'] = { ['ar'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['fa'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ku'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ps'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['tg'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ug'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ur'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['arab'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['default'] = 'DIN transliteration', }, ['eae'] = { ['default'] = 'Encyclopaedia Aethiopica transliteration', }, ['hepburn'] = { ['default'] = 'Hepburn transliteration', }, ['hunterian'] = { ['default'] = 'Hunterian transliteration', }, ['iast'] = { ['default'] = 'International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration', }, ['iso'] = { -- when a transliteration standard is supplied ['ab'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ba'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['be'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['bg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['kk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ky'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['mn'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ru'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['tg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['uk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['bua'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['sah'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['tut'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['xal'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['cyrl'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ar'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ku'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ps'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ug'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ur'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['arab'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['he'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew', ['yi'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew', ['hebr'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew', ['el'] = 'ISO 843 Greek', ['grc'] = 'ISO 843 Greek', ['ja'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['hira'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['hrkt'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['jpan'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['kana'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['zh'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['chi'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['pny'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['zho'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', -- ['han'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', -- unicode alias of Hani? doesn't belong here? should be Hani? ['hans'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['hant'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['ka'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian', ['kat'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian', ['arm'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian', ['hy'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian', ['th'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai', ['tha'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai', ['ko'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean', ['kor'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean', ['awa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['bho'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['bn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['bra'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['doi'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['dra'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['gon'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['gu'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['hi'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['inc'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['kn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['kok'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ks'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mag'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mai'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ml'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ne'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['new'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['or'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['pa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['raj'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sat'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sd'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['si'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ta'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['tcy'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['te'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['beng'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['brah'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['deva'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['gujr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['guru'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['knda'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mlym'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['orya'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sinh'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['taml'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['telu'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['default'] = 'ISO transliteration', }, ['jyutping'] = { ['default'] = 'Jyutping transliteration', }, ['mr'] = { ['default'] = 'McCune–Reischauer transliteration', }, ['nihon-shiki'] = { ['default'] = 'Nihon-shiki transliteration', }, ['no_std'] = { -- when no transliteration standard is supplied ['akk'] = 'Semitic transliteration', ['sem'] = 'Semitic transliteration', ['phnx'] = 'Semitic transliteration', ['xsux'] = 'Cuneiform transliteration', }, ['pinyin'] = { ['default'] = 'Pinyin transliteration', }, ['rr'] = { ['default'] = 'Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration', }, ['rtgs'] = { ['default'] = 'Royal Thai General System of Transcription', }, ['satts'] = { ['default'] = 'Standard Arabic Technical Transliteration System transliteration', }, ['ungegn'] = { ['default'] = 'United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names transliteration', }, ['wadegile'] = { ['default'] = 'Wade–Giles transliteration', }, ['wehr'] = { ['default'] = 'Hans Wehr transliteration', }, }; return { article_name = article_name, lang_name_table = lang_name_table, override = override, rtl_scripts = rtl_scripts, translit_title_table = translit_title_table, }; 9ahun20o7s4d4ri7uogm71qptoadd5e 828 5225 21306 2020-10-16T23:25:40Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «require('Module:No globals') local m_data = mw.loadData("Module:Language/data") local langData = m_data.languages or m_data local p = {} local function ifNo...» Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals') local m_data = mw.loadData("Module:Language/data") local langData = m_data.languages or m_data local p = {} local function ifNotEmpty(value) if value == "" then return nil else return value end end local function makeLinkedName(languageCode) local data = langData[languageCode] local article = data["article"] local name = data["Wikipedia_name"] or data["name"] return "[[" .. article .. "|" .. name .. "]]:&nbsp;" end local function makeEntryName(word, languageCode) local data = langData[languageCode] local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub word = tostring(word) if word == nil then error("The function makeEntryName requires a string argument") elseif word == "" then return "" else -- Remove bold and italics, so that words that contain bolding or emphasis can be linked without piping. word = word:gsub("\'\'\'", "") word = word:gsub("\'\'", "") if data == nil then return word else local replacements = data and data["replacements"] if replacements == nil then return word else -- Decompose so that the diacritics of characters such -- as á can be removed in one go. -- No need to compose at the end, because the MediaWiki software -- will handle that. if replacements.decompose then word = mw.ustring.toNFD(word) for i, from in ipairs(replacements.from) do word = ugsub( word, from, replacements.to and replacements.to[i] or "") end else for regex, replacement in pairs(replacements) do word = ugsub(word, regex, replacement) end end return word end end end end p.makeEntryName = makeEntryName local function fixScriptCode(firstLetter, threeLetters) return string.upper(firstLetter) .. string.lower(threeLetters) end local function getCodes(codes, text) local languageCode, scriptCode, invalidCode local errorText if codes == nil or codes == "" then errorText = 'no language or script code provided' elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?$") or codes:find("^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a$") then -- A three- or two-letter lowercase sequence at beginning of first parameter languageCode = codes:find("^%a%a%a?") and ( codes:match("^(%l%l%l?)") or codes:match("^(%a%a%a?)") :gsub("(%a%a%a?)", string.lower, 1) ) -- One uppercase and three lowercase letters at the end of the first parameter scriptCode = codes:find("%a%a%a%a$") and ( codes:match("(%u%l%l%l)$") or gsub( codes:match("(%a%a%a%a)$"), "(%a)(%a%a%a)", fixScriptCode, 1 ) ) elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a?$") or codes:find("^%a%a%a%-%a%a%a%-%a%a%a$") then languageCode = codes -- Private-use subtag: x followed by one or more sequences of 1-8 lowercase -- letters separated by hyphens. This only allows for one sequence, as it is -- needed for proto-languages such as ine-x-proto (Proto-Indo-European). elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?%-x%-%a%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?$") then languageCode, scriptCode = codes:match("^(%a%a%a%-x%-%a%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?)%-?(.*)$") if not languageCode then errorText = '<code>'..codes..'</code> is not a valid language or script code.' elseif scriptCode ~= "" and not scriptCode:find("%a%a%a%a") then errorText = '<code>'..scriptCode..'</code> is not a valid script code.' else scriptCode = scriptCode:gsub( "(%a)(%a%a%a)", fixScriptCode, 1 ) end elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?") then languageCode, invalidCode = codes:match("^(%a%a%a?)%-?(.*)") languageCode = string.lower(languageCode) errorText = '<code>'..invalidCode..'</code> is not a valid script code.' elseif codes:find("%-?%a%a%a%a$") then invalidCode, scriptCode = codes:match("(.*)%-?(%a%a%a%a)$") scriptCode = gsub( scriptCode, "(%a)(%a%a%a)", fixScriptCode ) errorText = '<code>'..invalidCode..'</code> is not a valid language code.' else errorText = '<code>'..codes..'</code> is not a valid language or script code.' end if not scriptCode or scriptCode == "" then scriptCode = require("Module:Unicode data").is_Latin(text) and "Latn" or "unknown" end if errorText then errorText = ' <span style="font-size: smaller">[' .. errorText .. ']</span>' else errorText = "" end languageCode = m_data.redirects[languageCode] or languageCode return languageCode, scriptCode, errorText end local function tag(text, languageCode, script, italics) local data = langData[languageCode] -- Use Wikipedia code if it has been given: for instance, -- Proto-Indo-European has the Wiktionary code "ine-pro" but the Wikipedia -- code "ine-x-proto". languageCode = data and data.Wikipedia_code or languageCode local italicize = script == "Latn" and italics if not text then text = "[text?]" end local textDirectionMarkers = { "", "", "" } if data and data["direction"] == "rtl" then textDirectionMarkers = { ' dir="rtl"', '&rlm;', '&lrm;' } end local out = { textDirectionMarkers[2] } if italicize then table.insert(out, "<i lang=\"" .. languageCode .. "\" xml:lang=\"" .. languageCode .. "\"" .. textDirectionMarkers[1] .. ">" .. text .. "</i>") else table.insert(out, "<span lang=\"" .. languageCode .. "\" xml:lang=\"" .. languageCode .. "\"" .. textDirectionMarkers[1] .. ">" .. text .. "</span>") end table.insert(out, textDirectionMarkers[3]) return table.concat(out) end function p.lang(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() local args = parent.args[1] and parent.args or frame.args local codes = args[1] and mw.text.trim(args[1]) local text = args[2] or error("Provide text in the second parameter") local languageCode, scriptCode, errorText = getCodes(codes, text) local italics = args.italics or args.i or args.italic italics = not (italics == "n" or italics == "-" or italics == "no") return tag(text, languageCode, scriptCode, italics) .. errorText end local function linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText, languageCode) local data = langData[languageCode] local name if languageCode then if data and data.name then name = data.name else -- On other languages' wikis, use mw.getContentLanguage():getCode(), -- or replace 'en' with that wiki's language code. name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(languageCode, 'en') if name == "" then error("Name for the language code " .. ("%q"):format(languageCode or nil) .. " could not be retrieved with mw.language.fetchLanguageName, " .. "so it should be added to [[Module:Language/data]]") end end if entry:sub(1, 1) == "*" then if name ~= "" then entry = "Reconstruction:" .. name .. "/" .. entry:sub(2) else error("Language name is empty") end elseif data and data.type == "reconstructed" then mw.log("Reconstructed language without asterisk:", languageCode, name, entry) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- Track reconstructed entries with no asterisk by transcluding -- a nonexistent template. This technique is used in Wiktionary: -- see [[wikt:Module:debug]]. -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/tracking/wikt-lang/reconstructed with no asterisk]] pcall(frame.expandTemplate, frame, { title = 'tracking/wikt-lang/reconstructed with no asterisk' }) if name ~= "" then entry = "Reconstruction:" .. name .. "/" .. entry else error("Language name is empty") end elseif data and data.type == "appendix" then if name ~= "" then entry = "Appendix:" .. name .. "/" .. entry else error("Language name is empty") end end if entry and linkText then return "[[wikt:" .. entry .. "#" .. name .. "|" .. linkText .. "]]" else error("linkToWiktionary needs a Wiktionary entry or link text, or both") end else return "[[wikt:" .. entry .. "|" .. linkText .. "]]" end end function p.wiktlang(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() local args = parent.args[1] and parent.args or frame.args local codes = args[1] and mw.text.trim(args[1]) local word1 = ifNotEmpty(args[2]) local word2 = ifNotEmpty(args[3]) if not args[2] then error("Parameter 2 is required") end local languageCode, scriptCode, errorText = getCodes(codes, word2 or word1) local italics = args.italics or args.i italics = not (italics == "n" or italics == "-") local entry, linkText if word2 and word1 then entry = makeEntryName(word1, languageCode) linkText = word2 elseif word1 then entry = makeEntryName(word1, languageCode) linkText = word1 end local out if languageCode and entry and linkText then out = tag(linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText, languageCode), languageCode, scriptCode, italics) elseif entry and linkText then out = linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText) else out = '<span style="font-size: smaller;">[text?]</span>' end if out and errorText then return out .. errorText else return errorText or error("The function wiktlang generated nothing") end end function p.wikt(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() local args = parent.args[1] and parent.args or frame.args local codes = args[1] and mw.text.trim(args[1]) local word1 = ifNotEmpty(args[2]) local word2 = ifNotEmpty(args[3]) if not word1 then error("Provide a word in parameter 2.") end local languageCode, scriptCode, errorText = getCodes(codes, word1) local entry, linkText if word2 and word1 then entry = makeEntryName(word1, languageCode) linkText = word2 elseif word1 then entry = makeEntryName(word1, languageCode) linkText = word1 end local out if languageCode and entry and linkText then out = linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText, languageCode) elseif entry and linkText then out = linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText) else out = '<span style="font-size: smaller;">[text?]</span>' end if out and errorText then return out and out .. errorText else return errorText or error("The function wikt generated nothing") end end return p 03hu46y3kcjkyv2wvcnnfgb11easm53 828 5226 22564 22551 2021-04-13T21:11:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞድዩል:Language/data/iana languages]] to [[ሞድዩል:Lang/data/iana languages]] without leaving a redirect Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2021-02-13 local active = { ["aab"] = {"Alumu-Tesu"}, ["aac"] = {"Ari"}, ["aaf"] = {"Aranadan"}, ["aag"] = {"Ambrak"}, ["aah"] = {"Abu' Arapesh"}, ["aai"] = {"Arifama-Miniafia"}, ["aak"] = {"Ankave"}, ["aaq"] = {"Eastern Abnaki"}, ["aav"] = {"Austro-Asiatic languages"}, ["aaw"] = {"Solong"}, ["aax"] = {"Mandobo Atas"}, ["aaz"] = {"Amarasi"}, ["abc"] = {"Ambala Ayta"}, ["abe"] = {"Western Abnaki"}, ["abf"] = {"Abai Sungai"}, ["abh"] = {"Tajiki Arabic"}, ["abi"] = {"Abidji"}, ["abl"] = {"Lampung Nyo"}, ["abn"] = {"Abua"}, ["abo"] = {"Abon"}, ["abp"] = {"Abellen Ayta"}, ["abr"] = {"Abron"}, ["abu"] = {"Abure"}, ["abw"] = {"Pal"}, ["aby"] = {"Aneme Wake"}, ["abz"] = {"Abui"}, ["acb"] = {"Áncá"}, ["acd"] = {"Gikyode"}, ["acn"] = {"Achang"}, ["acs"] = {"Acroá"}, ["act"] = {"Achterhoeks"}, ["adg"] = {"Andegerebinha"}, ["adh"] = {"Adhola"}, ["adj"] = {"Adioukrou"}, ["adl"] = {"Galo"}, ["ado"] = {"Abu"}, ["adq"] = {"Adangbe"}, ["adt"] = {"Adnyamathanha"}, ["adu"] = {"Aduge"}, ["adx"] = {"Amdo Tibetan"}, ["adz"] = {"Adzera"}, ["aea"] = {"Areba"}, ["aee"] = {"Northeast Pashai", "Northeast Pashayi"}, ["aek"] = {"Haeke"}, ["ael"] = {"Ambele"}, ["aem"] = {"Arem"}, ["aen"] = {"Armenian Sign Language"}, ["aeq"] = {"Aer"}, ["aer"] = {"Eastern Arrernte"}, ["aeu"] = {"Akeu"}, ["aew"] = {"Ambakich"}, ["aey"] = {"Amele"}, ["aez"] = {"Aeka"}, ["afd"] = {"Andai"}, ["afe"] = {"Putukwam"}, ["afg"] = {"Afghan Sign Language"}, ["afk"] = {"Nanubae"}, ["afn"] = {"Defaka"}, ["afo"] = {"Eloyi"}, ["afp"] = {"Tapei"}, ["afu"] = {"Awutu"}, ["afz"] = {"Obokuitai"}, ["agb"] = {"Legbo"}, ["agd"] = {"Agarabi"}, ["age"] = {"Angal"}, ["agg"] = {"Angor"}, ["agh"] = {"Ngelima"}, ["agi"] = {"Agariya"}, ["agk"] = {"Isarog Agta"}, ["agl"] = {"Fembe"}, ["agm"] = {"Angaataha"}, ["agn"] = {"Agutaynen"}, ["ago"] = {"Tainae"}, ["agq"] = {"Aghem"}, ["ags"] = {"Esimbi"}, ["agt"] = {"Central Cagayan Agta"}, ["agv"] = {"Remontado Dumagat"}, ["agw"] = {"Kahua"}, ["agy"] = {"Southern Alta"}, ["agz"] = {"Mt. Iriga Agta"}, ["aha"] = {"Ahanta"}, ["ahb"] = {"Axamb"}, ["ahg"] = {"Qimant"}, ["ahi"] = {"Tiagbamrin Aizi"}, ["ahk"] = {"Akha"}, ["ahl"] = {"Igo"}, ["ahn"] = {"Àhàn"}, ["ahp"] = {"Aproumu Aizi"}, ["ahr"] = {"Ahirani"}, ["ahs"] = {"Ashe"}, ["aia"] = {"Arosi"}, ["aic"] = {"Ainbai"}, ["aid"] = {"Alngith"}, ["aie"] = {"Amara"}, ["aif"] = {"Agi"}, ["aig"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"}, ["aih"] = {"Ai-Cham"}, ["aij"] = {"Lishanid Noshan"}, ["aik"] = {"Ake"}, ["ail"] = {"Aimele"}, ["aim"] = {"Aimol"}, ["aip"] = {"Burumakok"}, ["aiq"] = {"Aimaq"}, ["aix"] = {"Aighon"}, ["aiy"] = {"Ali"}, ["aja"] = {"Aja (South Sudan)"}, ["ajn"] = {"Andajin"}, ["ajw"] = {"Ajawa"}, ["ajz"] = {"Amri Karbi"}, ["akb"] = {"Batak Angkola"}, ["akd"] = {"Ukpet-Ehom"}, ["akf"] = {"Akpa"}, ["akg"] = {"Anakalangu"}, ["akh"] = {"Angal Heneng"}, ["aki"] = {"Aiome"}, ["aks"] = {"Akaselem"}, ["akt"] = {"Akolet"}, ["akw"] = {"Akwa"}, ["ald"] = {"Alladian"}, ["alh"] = {"Alawa"}, ["ali"] = {"Amaimon"}, ["alj"] = {"Alangan"}, ["alk"] = {"Alak"}, ["all"] = {"Allar"}, ["alm"] = {"Amblong"}, ["alo"] = {"Larike-Wakasihu"}, ["alv"] = {"Atlantic-Congo languages"}, ["alw"] = {"Alaba-K’abeena", "Wanbasana"}, ["alx"] = {"Amol"}, ["aly"] = {"Alyawarr"}, ["alz"] = {"Alur"}, ["amb"] = {"Ambo"}, ["amg"] = {"Amurdak"}, ["amm"] = {"Ama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["amo"] = {"Amo"}, ["amp"] = {"Alamblak"}, ["ams"] = {"Southern Amami-Oshima"}, ["amx"] = {"Anmatyerre"}, ["amy"] = {"Ami"}, ["amz"] = {"Atampaya"}, ["anc"] = {"Ngas"}, ["anf"] = {"Animere"}, ["anh"] = {"Nend"}, ["ank"] = {"Goemai"}, ["anl"] = {"Anu-Hkongso Chin"}, ["ann"] = {"Obolo"}, ["anr"] = {"Andh"}, ["ans"] = {"Anserma"}, ["ant"] = {"Antakarinya", "Antikarinya"}, ["anu"] = {"Anuak"}, ["anv"] = {"Denya"}, ["anw"] = {"Anaang"}, ["anx"] = {"Andra-Hus"}, ["aob"] = {"Abom"}, ["aod"] = {"Andarum"}, ["aoe"] = {"Angal Enen"}, ["aof"] = {"Bragat"}, ["aog"] = {"Angoram"}, ["aoi"] = {"Anindilyakwa"}, ["aoj"] = {"Mufian"}, ["aok"] = {"Arhö"}, ["aom"] = {"Ömie"}, ["aor"] = {"Aore"}, ["aos"] = {"Taikat"}, ["aou"] = {"A'ou"}, ["aox"] = {"Atorada"}, ["apf"] = {"Pahanan Agta"}, ["apg"] = {"Ampanang"}, ["aph"] = {"Athpariya"}, ["apn"] = {"Apinayé"}, ["apo"] = {"Ambul"}, ["app"] = {"Apma"}, ["apr"] = {"Arop-Lokep"}, ["aps"] = {"Arop-Sissano"}, ["apv"] = {"Alapmunte"}, ["apx"] = {"Aputai"}, ["apz"] = {"Safeyoka"}, ["aqa"] = {"Alacalufan languages"}, ["aqd"] = {"Ampari Dogon"}, ["aqg"] = {"Arigidi"}, ["aql"] = {"Algic languages"}, ["aqm"] = {"Atohwaim"}, ["aqn"] = {"Northern Alta"}, ["aqt"] = {"Angaité"}, ["aqz"] = {"Akuntsu"}, ["ard"] = {"Arabana"}, ["are"] = {"Western Arrarnta"}, ["ari"] = {"Arikara"}, ["arj"] = {"Arapaso"}, ["ark"] = {"Arikapú"}, ["arr"] = {"Karo (Brazil)"}, ["arv"] = {"Arbore"}, ["asa"] = {"Asu (Tanzania)"}, ["asb"] = {"Assiniboine"}, ["asc"] = {"Casuarina Coast Asmat"}, ["asg"] = {"Cishingini"}, ["asi"] = {"Buruwai"}, ["asj"] = {"Sari"}, ["aso"] = {"Dano"}, ["asp"] = {"Algerian Sign Language"}, ["asr"] = {"Asuri"}, ["ass"] = {"Ipulo"}, ["asv"] = {"Asoa"}, ["asw"] = {"Australian Aborigines Sign Language"}, ["asx"] = {"Muratayak"}, ["asy"] = {"Yaosakor Asmat"}, ["asz"] = {"As"}, ["atd"] = {"Ata Manobo"}, ["ate"] = {"Atemble"}, ["atg"] = {"Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe"}, ["ati"] = {"Attié"}, ["atk"] = {"Ati"}, ["atl"] = {"Mt. Iraya Agta"}, ["atm"] = {"Ata"}, ["atn"] = {"Ashtiani"}, ["ato"] = {"Atong (Cameroon)"}, ["atp"] = {"Pudtol Atta"}, ["atq"] = {"Aralle-Tabulahan"}, ["ats"] = {"Gros Ventre"}, ["att"] = {"Pamplona Atta"}, ["atu"] = {"Reel"}, ["atv"] = {"Northern Altai"}, ["aty"] = {"Aneityum"}, ["atz"] = {"Arta"}, ["aub"] = {"Alugu"}, ["aud"] = {"Anuta"}, ["auf"] = {"Arauan languages"}, ["auh"] = {"Aushi"}, ["aui"] = {"Anuki"}, ["auk"] = {"Heyo"}, ["aul"] = {"Aulua"}, ["aum"] = {"Asu (Nigeria)"}, ["aun"] = {"Molmo One"}, ["aup"] = {"Makayam"}, ["aur"] = {"Aruek"}, ["auu"] = {"Auye"}, ["aux"] = {"Aurá"}, ["auy"] = {"Awiyaana"}, ["auz"] = {"Uzbeki Arabic"}, ["avb"] = {"Avau"}, ["avd"] = {"Alviri-Vidari"}, ["avi"] = {"Avikam"}, ["avm"] = {"Angkamuthi"}, ["avn"] = {"Avatime"}, ["avt"] = {"Au"}, ["avu"] = {"Avokaya"}, ["awc"] = {"Cicipu"}, ["awd"] = {"Arawakan languages"}, ["awh"] = {"Awbono"}, ["awk"] = {"Awabakal"}, ["awm"] = {"Arawum"}, ["awn"] = {"Awngi"}, ["awo"] = {"Awak"}, ["awr"] = {"Awera"}, ["aws"] = {"South Awyu"}, ["awu"] = {"Central Awyu"}, ["awv"] = {"Jair Awyu"}, ["awx"] = {"Awara"}, ["awy"] = {"Edera Awyu"}, ["axb"] = {"Abipon"}, ["axe"] = {"Ayerrerenge"}, ["axk"] = {"Yaka (Central African Republic)"}, ["axl"] = {"Lower Southern Aranda"}, ["axx"] = {"Xârâgurè"}, ["aya"] = {"Awar"}, ["ayb"] = {"Ayizo Gbe"}, ["ayc"] = {"Southern Aymara"}, ["ayd"] = {"Ayabadhu"}, ["aye"] = {"Ayere"}, ["ayi"] = {"Leyigha"}, ["ayk"] = {"Akuku"}, ["ayq"] = {"Ayi (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["ays"] = {"Sorsogon Ayta"}, ["ayu"] = {"Ayu"}, ["ayz"] = {"Mai Brat"}, ["aza"] = {"Azha"}, ["azb"] = {"South Azerbaijani"}, ["azc"] = {"Uto-Aztecan languages"}, ["azj"] = {"North Azerbaijani"}, ["azm"] = {"Ipalapa Amuzgo"}, ["azt"] = {"Faire Atta"}, ["baa"] = {"Babatana"}, ["bab"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyuño"}, ["bac"] = {"Badui"}, ["baf"] = {"Nubaca"}, ["bag"] = {"Tuki"}, ["bao"] = {"Waimaha"}, ["bap"] = {"Bantawa"}, ["bau"] = {"Bada (Nigeria)"}, ["bav"] = {"Vengo"}, ["bay"] = {"Batuley"}, ["bbb"] = {"Barai"}, ["bbd"] = {"Bau"}, ["bbe"] = {"Bangba"}, ["bbh"] = {"Bugan"}, ["bbi"] = {"Barombi"}, ["bbj"] = {"Ghomálá'"}, ["bbk"] = {"Babanki"}, ["bbm"] = {"Babango"}, ["bbn"] = {"Uneapa"}, ["bbo"] = {"Northern Bobo Madaré", "Konabéré"}, ["bbp"] = {"West Central Banda"}, ["bbq"] = {"Bamali"}, ["bbr"] = {"Girawa"}, ["bbs"] = {"Bakpinka"}, ["bbt"] = {"Mburku"}, ["bbv"] = {"Karnai"}, ["bbw"] = {"Baba"}, ["bbx"] = {"Bubia"}, ["bca"] = {"Central Bai"}, ["bcc"] = {"Southern Balochi"}, ["bcd"] = {"North Babar"}, ["bce"] = {"Bamenyam"}, ["bcf"] = {"Bamu"}, ["bcg"] = {"Baga Pokur"}, ["bch"] = {"Bariai"}, ["bcj"] = {"Bardi"}, ["bck"] = {"Bunuba"}, ["bcm"] = {"Bannoni"}, ["bcn"] = {"Bali (Nigeria)"}, ["bco"] = {"Kaluli"}, ["bcp"] = {"Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bcq"] = {"Bench"}, ["bct"] = {"Bendi"}, ["bcu"] = {"Awad Bing"}, ["bcw"] = {"Bana"}, ["bcy"] = {"Bacama"}, ["bcz"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"}, ["bda"] = {"Bayot"}, ["bdb"] = {"Basap"}, ["bdc"] = {"Emberá-Baudó"}, ["bdd"] = {"Bunama"}, ["bde"] = {"Bade"}, ["bdf"] = {"Biage"}, ["bdg"] = {"Bonggi"}, ["bdh"] = {"Baka (South Sudan)"}, ["bdi"] = {"Burun"}, ["bdj"] = {"Bai (South Sudan)", "Bai"}, ["bdl"] = {"Indonesian Bajau"}, ["bdm"] = {"Buduma"}, ["bdn"] = {"Baldemu"}, ["bdo"] = {"Morom"}, ["bdp"] = {"Bende"}, ["bdq"] = {"Bahnar"}, ["bdr"] = {"West Coast Bajau"}, ["bds"] = {"Burunge"}, ["bdt"] = {"Bokoto"}, ["bdu"] = {"Oroko"}, ["bdv"] = {"Bodo Parja"}, ["bdw"] = {"Baham"}, ["bdx"] = {"Budong-Budong"}, ["bdy"] = {"Bandjalang"}, ["beb"] = {"Bebele"}, ["bec"] = {"Iceve-Maci"}, ["bed"] = {"Bedoanas"}, ["beg"] = {"Belait"}, ["bei"] = {"Bekati'"}, ["bek"] = {"Bebeli"}, ["beo"] = {"Beami"}, ["bep"] = {"Besoa"}, ["beq"] = {"Beembe"}, ["bes"] = {"Besme"}, ["bet"] = {"Guiberoua Béte"}, ["beu"] = {"Blagar"}, ["bev"] = {"Daloa Bété"}, ["bew"] = {"Betawi"}, ["bey"] = {"Beli (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bez"] = {"Bena (Tanzania)"}, ["bfa"] = {"Bari"}, ["bfb"] = {"Pauri Bareli"}, ["bfc"] = {"Panyi Bai", "Northern Bai"}, ["bfe"] = {"Betaf", "Tena"}, ["bff"] = {"Bofi"}, ["bfg"] = {"Busang Kayan"}, ["bfh"] = {"Blafe"}, ["bfj"] = {"Bafanji"}, ["bfk"] = {"Ban Khor Sign Language"}, ["bfl"] = {"Banda-Ndélé"}, ["bfn"] = {"Bunak"}, ["bfo"] = {"Malba Birifor"}, ["bfq"] = {"Badaga"}, ["bfr"] = {"Bazigar"}, ["bfs"] = {"Southern Bai"}, ["bfu"] = {"Gahri"}, ["bfw"] = {"Bondo"}, ["bfx"] = {"Bantayanon"}, ["bfy"] = {"Bagheli"}, ["bfz"] = {"Mahasu Pahari"}, ["bga"] = {"Gwamhi-Wuri"}, ["bgb"] = {"Bobongko"}, ["bgd"] = {"Rathwi Bareli"}, ["bge"] = {"Bauria"}, ["bgf"] = {"Bangandu"}, ["bgi"] = {"Giangan"}, ["bgk"] = {"Bit", "Buxinhua"}, ["bgl"] = {"Bo (Laos)"}, ["bgn"] = {"Western Balochi"}, ["bgo"] = {"Baga Koga"}, ["bgp"] = {"Eastern Balochi"}, ["bgq"] = {"Bagri"}, ["bgr"] = {"Bawm Chin"}, ["bgs"] = {"Tagabawa"}, ["bgt"] = {"Bughotu"}, ["bgu"] = {"Mbongno"}, ["bgv"] = {"Warkay-Bipim"}, ["bgw"] = {"Bhatri"}, ["bgx"] = {"Balkan Gagauz Turkish"}, ["bgy"] = {"Benggoi"}, ["bgz"] = {"Banggai"}, ["bha"] = {"Bharia"}, ["bhc"] = {"Biga"}, ["bhd"] = {"Bhadrawahi"}, ["bhe"] = {"Bhaya"}, ["bhg"] = {"Binandere"}, ["bhi"] = {"Bhilali"}, ["bhj"] = {"Bahing"}, ["bhl"] = {"Bimin"}, ["bhq"] = {"Tukang Besi South"}, ["bhr"] = {"Bara Malagasy"}, ["bhs"] = {"Buwal"}, ["bht"] = {"Bhattiyali"}, ["bhu"] = {"Bhunjia"}, ["bhv"] = {"Bahau"}, ["bhw"] = {"Biak"}, ["bhx"] = {"Bhalay"}, ["bhy"] = {"Bhele"}, ["bhz"] = {"Bada (Indonesia)"}, ["bia"] = {"Badimaya"}, ["bic"] = {"Bikaru"}, ["bie"] = {"Bepour"}, ["bif"] = {"Biafada"}, ["big"] = {"Biangai"}, ["bil"] = {"Bile"}, ["bim"] = {"Bimoba"}, ["bio"] = {"Nai"}, ["bip"] = {"Bila"}, ["bir"] = {"Bisorio"}, ["biu"] = {"Biete"}, ["biv"] = {"Southern Birifor"}, ["bix"] = {"Bijori"}, ["biy"] = {"Birhor"}, ["biz"] = {"Baloi"}, ["bja"] = {"Budza"}, ["bjb"] = {"Banggarla"}, ["bjc"] = {"Bariji"}, ["bje"] = {"Biao-Jiao Mien"}, ["bjf"] = {"Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bjg"] = {"Bidyogo"}, ["bjh"] = {"Bahinemo"}, ["bjk"] = {"Barok"}, ["bjl"] = {"Bulu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bjm"] = {"Bajelani"}, ["bjo"] = {"Mid-Southern Banda"}, ["bjp"] = {"Fanamaket"}, ["bjr"] = {"Binumarien"}, ["bjs"] = {"Bajan"}, ["bjt"] = {"Balanta-Ganja"}, ["bjv"] = {"Bedjond"}, ["bjw"] = {"Bakwé"}, ["bjx"] = {"Banao Itneg"}, ["bjy"] = {"Bayali"}, ["bjz"] = {"Baruga"}, ["bka"] = {"Kyak"}, ["bkc"] = {"Baka (Cameroon)"}, ["bkd"] = {"Binukid", "Talaandig"}, ["bkf"] = {"Beeke"}, ["bkg"] = {"Buraka"}, ["bki"] = {"Baki"}, ["bkj"] = {"Pande"}, ["bkk"] = {"Brokskat"}, ["bkl"] = {"Berik"}, ["bkm"] = {"Kom (Cameroon)"}, ["bkn"] = {"Bukitan"}, ["bko"] = {"Kwa'"}, ["bkp"] = {"Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bkr"] = {"Bakumpai"}, ["bks"] = {"Northern Sorsoganon"}, ["bkt"] = {"Boloki"}, ["bku"] = {"Buhid"}, ["bkw"] = {"Bekwel"}, ["bkx"] = {"Baikeno"}, ["bky"] = {"Bokyi"}, ["bkz"] = {"Bungku"}, ["blc"] = {"Bella Coola"}, ["bld"] = {"Bolango"}, ["ble"] = {"Balanta-Kentohe"}, ["blf"] = {"Buol"}, ["blg"] = {"Balau"}, ["blh"] = {"Kuwaa"}, ["bli"] = {"Bolia"}, ["blj"] = {"Bolongan"}, ["blk"] = {"Pa'o Karen", "Pa'O"}, ["blm"] = {"Beli (South Sudan)"}, ["bln"] = {"Southern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["blo"] = {"Anii"}, ["blp"] = {"Blablanga"}, ["blq"] = {"Baluan-Pam"}, ["blr"] = {"Blang"}, ["blv"] = {"Kibala", "Bolo"}, ["blw"] = {"Balangao"}, ["blx"] = {"Mag-Indi Ayta"}, ["bly"] = {"Notre"}, ["bma"] = {"Lame"}, ["bmb"] = {"Bembe"}, ["bmc"] = {"Biem"}, ["bmd"] = {"Baga Manduri"}, ["bme"] = {"Limassa"}, ["bmf"] = {"Bom-Kim"}, ["bmg"] = {"Bamwe"}, ["bmh"] = {"Kein"}, ["bmi"] = {"Bagirmi"}, ["bmj"] = {"Bote-Majhi"}, ["bmk"] = {"Ghayavi"}, ["bml"] = {"Bomboli"}, ["bmm"] = {"Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bmo"] = {"Bambalang"}, ["bmp"] = {"Bulgebi"}, ["bmq"] = {"Bomu"}, ["bms"] = {"Bilma Kanuri"}, ["bmt"] = {"Biao Mon"}, ["bmu"] = {"Somba-Siawari"}, ["bmw"] = {"Bomwali"}, ["bmx"] = {"Baimak"}, ["bmz"] = {"Baramu"}, ["bna"] = {"Bonerate"}, ["bnb"] = {"Bookan"}, ["bnc"] = {"Bontok"}, ["bne"] = {"Bintauna"}, ["bnf"] = {"Masiwang"}, ["bnj"] = {"Eastern Tawbuid"}, ["bnk"] = {"Bierebo"}, ["bnl"] = {"Boon"}, ["bnn"] = {"Bunun"}, ["bnp"] = {"Bola"}, ["bnr"] = {"Butmas-Tur"}, ["bnu"] = {"Bentong"}, ["bnv"] = {"Bonerif", "Beneraf", "Edwas"}, ["bnw"] = {"Bisis"}, ["bnx"] = {"Bangubangu"}, ["bny"] = {"Bintulu"}, ["bob"] = {"Aweer"}, ["bof"] = {"Bolon"}, ["bog"] = {"Bamako Sign Language"}, ["boh"] = {"Boma"}, ["boj"] = {"Anjam"}, ["bok"] = {"Bonjo"}, ["bol"] = {"Bole"}, ["bom"] = {"Berom"}, ["bon"] = {"Bine"}, ["boo"] = {"Tiemacèwè Bozo"}, ["bop"] = {"Bonkiman"}, ["boq"] = {"Bogaya"}, ["bor"] = {"Borôro"}, ["bot"] = {"Bongo"}, ["bou"] = {"Bondei"}, ["bov"] = {"Tuwuli"}, ["bow"] = {"Rema"}, ["box"] = {"Buamu"}, ["boy"] = {"Bodo (Central African Republic)"}, ["boz"] = {"Tiéyaxo Bozo"}, ["bpa"] = {"Daakaka"}, ["bpd"] = {"Banda-Banda"}, ["bpg"] = {"Bonggo"}, ["bph"] = {"Botlikh"}, ["bpi"] = {"Bagupi"}, ["bpj"] = {"Binji"}, ["bpk"] = {"Orowe", "'Ôrôê"}, ["bpl"] = {"Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"}, ["bpm"] = {"Biyom"}, ["bpn"] = {"Dzao Min"}, ["bpo"] = {"Anasi"}, ["bpp"] = {"Kaure"}, ["bpq"] = {"Banda Malay"}, ["bpr"] = {"Koronadal Blaan"}, ["bps"] = {"Sarangani Blaan"}, ["bpt"] = {"Barrow Point"}, ["bpu"] = {"Bongu"}, ["bpv"] = {"Bian Marind"}, ["bpw"] = {"Bo (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bpx"] = {"Palya Bareli"}, ["bpz"] = {"Bilba"}, ["bqa"] = {"Tchumbuli"}, ["bqb"] = {"Bagusa"}, ["bqd"] = {"Bung"}, ["bqf"] = {"Baga Kaloum"}, ["bqh"] = {"Baima"}, ["bqi"] = {"Bakhtiari"}, ["bqj"] = {"Bandial"}, ["bqk"] = {"Banda-Mbrès"}, ["bql"] = {"Bilakura"}, ["bqm"] = {"Wumboko"}, ["bqn"] = {"Bulgarian Sign Language"}, ["bqq"] = {"Biritai"}, ["bqr"] = {"Burusu"}, ["bqs"] = {"Bosngun"}, ["bqt"] = {"Bamukumbit"}, ["bqu"] = {"Boguru"}, ["bqv"] = {"Koro Wachi", "Begbere-Ejar"}, ["bqw"] = {"Buru (Nigeria)"}, ["bqx"] = {"Baangi"}, ["bqz"] = {"Bakaka"}, ["brb"] = {"Lave"}, ["brc"] = {"Berbice Creole Dutch"}, ["brd"] = {"Baraamu"}, ["brf"] = {"Bira"}, ["bri"] = {"Mokpwe"}, ["brj"] = {"Bieria"}, ["brk"] = {"Birked"}, ["brl"] = {"Birwa"}, ["brm"] = {"Barambu"}, ["bro"] = {"Brokkat"}, ["brp"] = {"Barapasi"}, ["brq"] = {"Breri"}, ["brr"] = {"Birao"}, ["brs"] = {"Baras"}, ["bru"] = {"Eastern Bru"}, ["brv"] = {"Western Bru"}, ["brw"] = {"Bellari"}, ["bry"] = {"Burui"}, ["brz"] = {"Bilbil"}, ["bsf"] = {"Bauchi"}, ["bsh"] = {"Kati"}, ["bsi"] = {"Bassossi"}, ["bsj"] = {"Bangwinji"}, ["bsl"] = {"Basa-Gumna"}, ["bsm"] = {"Busami"}, ["bsp"] = {"Baga Sitemu"}, ["bsr"] = {"Bassa-Kontagora"}, ["bss"] = {"Akoose"}, ["bst"] = {"Basketo"}, ["bsu"] = {"Bahonsuai"}, ["bsv"] = {"Baga Sobané"}, ["bsw"] = {"Baiso"}, ["bsx"] = {"Yangkam"}, ["bsy"] = {"Sabah Bisaya"}, ["btd"] = {"Batak Dairi"}, ["bte"] = {"Gamo-Ningi"}, ["btg"] = {"Gagnoa Bété"}, ["bth"] = {"Biatah Bidayuh"}, ["bti"] = {"Burate"}, ["btj"] = {"Bacanese Malay"}, ["btm"] = {"Batak Mandailing"}, ["bto"] = {"Rinconada Bikol"}, ["btp"] = {"Budibud"}, ["btq"] = {"Batek"}, ["btr"] = {"Baetora"}, ["btt"] = {"Bete-Bendi"}, ["btv"] = {"Bateri"}, ["btw"] = {"Butuanon"}, ["btx"] = {"Batak Karo"}, ["bty"] = {"Bobot"}, ["btz"] = {"Batak Alas-Kluet"}, ["bud"] = {"Ntcham"}, ["buf"] = {"Bushoong"}, ["buh"] = {"Younuo Bunu"}, ["bui"] = {"Bongili"}, ["buj"] = {"Basa-Gurmana"}, ["buk"] = {"Bugawac"}, ["bum"] = {"Bulu (Cameroon)"}, ["bun"] = {"Sherbro"}, ["bup"] = {"Busoa"}, ["buq"] = {"Brem"}, ["bus"] = {"Bokobaru"}, ["but"] = {"Bungain"}, ["buu"] = {"Budu"}, ["buv"] = {"Bun"}, ["bux"] = {"Boghom"}, ["buy"] = {"Bullom So"}, ["buz"] = {"Bukwen"}, ["bva"] = {"Barein"}, ["bvc"] = {"Baelelea"}, ["bvd"] = {"Baeggu"}, ["bve"] = {"Berau Malay"}, ["bvh"] = {"Bure"}, ["bvi"] = {"Belanda Viri"}, ["bvj"] = {"Baan"}, ["bvk"] = {"Bukat"}, ["bvl"] = {"Bolivian Sign Language"}, ["bvn"] = {"Buna"}, ["bvo"] = {"Bolgo"}, ["bvp"] = {"Bumang"}, ["bvq"] = {"Birri"}, ["bvr"] = {"Burarra"}, ["bvu"] = {"Bukit Malay"}, ["bvx"] = {"Dibole"}, ["bvy"] = {"Baybayanon"}, ["bvz"] = {"Bauzi"}, ["bwa"] = {"Bwatoo"}, ["bwb"] = {"Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"}, ["bwc"] = {"Bwile"}, ["bwd"] = {"Bwaidoka"}, ["bwe"] = {"Bwe Karen"}, ["bwf"] = {"Boselewa"}, ["bwg"] = {"Barwe"}, ["bwh"] = {"Bishuo"}, ["bwj"] = {"Láá Láá Bwamu"}, ["bwk"] = {"Bauwaki"}, ["bwl"] = {"Bwela"}, ["bwm"] = {"Biwat"}, ["bwn"] = {"Wunai Bunu"}, ["bwp"] = {"Mandobo Bawah"}, ["bwq"] = {"Southern Bobo Madaré"}, ["bwr"] = {"Bura-Pabir"}, ["bws"] = {"Bomboma"}, ["bwt"] = {"Bafaw-Balong"}, ["bww"] = {"Bwa"}, ["bwx"] = {"Bu-Nao Bunu"}, ["bwy"] = {"Cwi Bwamu"}, ["bwz"] = {"Bwisi"}, ["bxa"] = {"Tairaha"}, ["bxf"] = {"Bilur", "Minigir"}, ["bxg"] = {"Bangala"}, ["bxh"] = {"Buhutu"}, ["bxi"] = {"Pirlatapa"}, ["bxj"] = {"Bayungu"}, ["bxl"] = {"Jalkunan"}, ["bxm"] = {"Mongolia Buriat"}, ["bxn"] = {"Burduna"}, ["bxo"] = {"Barikanchi"}, ["bxp"] = {"Bebil"}, ["bxq"] = {"Beele"}, ["bxs"] = {"Busam"}, ["bxu"] = {"China Buriat"}, ["bxv"] = {"Berakou"}, ["bxw"] = {"Bankagooma"}, ["bxz"] = {"Binahari"}, ["bya"] = {"Batak"}, ["byb"] = {"Bikya"}, ["byc"] = {"Ubaghara"}, ["byd"] = {"Benyadu'"}, ["bye"] = {"Pouye"}, ["byg"] = {"Baygo"}, ["byi"] = {"Buyu"}, ["byj"] = {"Bina (Nigeria)"}, ["byk"] = {"Biao"}, ["byl"] = {"Bayono"}, ["bym"] = {"Bidjara"}, ["byo"] = {"Biyo"}, ["byp"] = {"Bumaji"}, ["byq"] = {"Basay"}, ["byr"] = {"Baruya", "Yipma"}, ["bys"] = {"Burak"}, ["byv"] = {"Medumba"}, ["byw"] = {"Belhariya"}, ["byx"] = {"Qaqet"}, ["byz"] = {"Banaro"}, ["bza"] = {"Bandi"}, ["bzc"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bze"] = {"Jenaama Bozo"}, ["bzf"] = {"Boikin"}, ["bzh"] = {"Mapos Buang"}, ["bzl"] = {"Boano (Sulawesi)"}, ["bzn"] = {"Boano (Maluku)"}, ["bzo"] = {"Bozaba"}, ["bzp"] = {"Kemberano"}, ["bzq"] = {"Buli (Indonesia)"}, ["bzr"] = {"Biri"}, ["bzs"] = {"Brazilian Sign Language"}, ["bzv"] = {"Naami"}, ["bzw"] = {"Basa (Nigeria)"}, ["bzx"] = {"Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo"}, ["bzy"] = {"Obanliku"}, ["bzz"] = {"Evant"}, ["cae"] = {"Lehar", "Laalaa"}, ["caf"] = {"Southern Carrier"}, ["cam"] = {"Cemuhî"}, ["can"] = {"Chambri"}, ["cao"] = {"Chácobo"}, ["caq"] = {"Car Nicobarese"}, ["cbb"] = {"Cabiyarí"}, ["cbj"] = {"Ede Cabe"}, ["cbl"] = {"Bualkhaw Chin"}, ["cbn"] = {"Nyahkur"}, ["cbo"] = {"Izora"}, ["cbq"] = {"Tsucuba", "Cuba"}, ["cbt"] = {"Chayahuita"}, ["cbw"] = {"Kinabalian"}, ["ccd"] = {"Cafundo Creole"}, ["cce"] = {"Chopi"}, ["ccg"] = {"Samba Daka"}, ["cch"] = {"Atsam"}, ["ccj"] = {"Kasanga"}, ["ccl"] = {"Cutchi-Swahili"}, ["ccm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Malay"}, ["ccn"] = {"North Caucasian languages"}, ["ccp"] = {"Chakma"}, ["ccs"] = {"South Caucasian languages"}, ["cda"] = {"Choni"}, ["cdc"] = {"Chadic languages"}, ["cdd"] = {"Caddoan languages"}, ["cde"] = {"Chenchu"}, ["cdf"] = {"Chiru"}, ["cdh"] = {"Chambeali"}, ["cdi"] = {"Chodri"}, ["cdj"] = {"Churahi"}, ["cdm"] = {"Chepang"}, ["cdn"] = {"Chaudangsi"}, ["cdr"] = {"Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"}, ["cds"] = {"Chadian Sign Language"}, ["cdy"] = {"Chadong"}, ["cea"] = {"Lower Chehalis"}, ["ceg"] = {"Chamacoco"}, ["cek"] = {"Eastern Khumi Chin"}, ["cen"] = {"Cen"}, ["cey"] = {"Ekai Chin"}, ["cfa"] = {"Dijim-Bwilim"}, ["cfm"] = {"Falam Chin"}, ["cga"] = {"Changriwa"}, ["cgc"] = {"Kagayanen"}, ["cgk"] = {"Chocangacakha"}, ["chh"] = {"Chinook"}, ["chw"] = {"Chuwabu"}, ["chx"] = {"Chantyal"}, ["cib"] = {"Ci Gbe"}, ["cie"] = {"Cineni"}, ["cih"] = {"Chinali"}, ["cik"] = {"Chitkuli Kinnauri"}, ["cir"] = {"Tiri", "Haméa", "Méa"}, ["cja"] = {"Western Cham"}, ["cje"] = {"Chru"}, ["cjh"] = {"Upper Chehalis"}, ["cjm"] = {"Eastern Cham"}, ["cjn"] = {"Chenapian"}, ["cjv"] = {"Chuave"}, ["ckh"] = {"Chak"}, ["ckl"] = {"Cibak"}, ["ckm"] = {"Chakavian"}, ["ckn"] = {"Kaang Chin"}, ["cko"] = {"Anufo"}, ["ckq"] = {"Kajakse"}, ["ckr"] = {"Kairak"}, ["ckx"] = {"Caka"}, ["cky"] = {"Cakfem-Mushere"}, ["ckz"] = {"Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"}, ["cla"] = {"Ron"}, ["clh"] = {"Chilisso"}, ["cli"] = {"Chakali"}, ["clj"] = {"Laitu Chin"}, ["clk"] = {"Idu-Mishmi"}, ["clt"] = {"Lautu Chin"}, ["clu"] = {"Caluyanun"}, ["cly"] = {"Eastern Highland Chatino"}, ["cma"] = {"Maa"}, ["cmi"] = {"Emberá-Chamí"}, ["cml"] = {"Campalagian"}, ["cmm"] = {"Michigamea"}, ["cmo"] = {"Central Mnong"}, ["cmr"] = {"Mro-Khimi Chin"}, ["cmt"] = {"Camtho"}, ["cna"] = {"Changthang"}, ["cnb"] = {"Chinbon Chin"}, ["cnc"] = {"Côông"}, ["cng"] = {"Northern Qiang"}, ["cnh"] = {"Hakha Chin", "Haka Chin"}, ["cnp"] = {"Northern Ping Chinese", "Northern Pinghua"}, ["cns"] = {"Central Asmat"}, ["cnw"] = {"Ngawn Chin"}, ["coa"] = {"Cocos Islands Malay"}, ["cog"] = {"Chong"}, ["coh"] = {"Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma", "Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"}, ["cok"] = {"Santa Teresa Cora"}, ["col"] = {"Columbia-Wenatchi"}, ["coo"] = {"Comox"}, ["coq"] = {"Coquille"}, ["cou"] = {"Wamey"}, ["cpb"] = {"Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"}, ["cpi"] = {"Chinese Pidgin English"}, ["cpn"] = {"Cherepon"}, ["cpo"] = {"Kpeego"}, ["cpp"] = {"Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cps"] = {"Capiznon"}, ["cpu"] = {"Pichis Ashéninka"}, ["cpx"] = {"Pu-Xian Chinese"}, ["cpy"] = {"South Ucayali Ashéninka"}, ["cqd"] = {"Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"}, ["cra"] = {"Chara"}, ["crc"] = {"Lonwolwol"}, ["crf"] = {"Caramanta"}, ["crj"] = {"Southern East Cree"}, ["crl"] = {"Northern East Cree"}, ["crm"] = {"Moose Cree"}, ["crt"] = {"Iyojwa'ja Chorote"}, ["crv"] = {"Chaura"}, ["crw"] = {"Chrau"}, ["cry"] = {"Cori"}, ["csd"] = {"Chiangmai Sign Language"}, ["cse"] = {"Czech Sign Language"}, ["csh"] = {"Asho Chin"}, ["csj"] = {"Songlai Chin"}, ["csk"] = {"Jola-Kasa"}, ["csl"] = {"Chinese Sign Language"}, ["csp"] = {"Southern Ping Chinese", "Southern Pinghua"}, ["csq"] = {"Croatia Sign Language"}, ["css"] = {"Southern Ohlone"}, ["cst"] = {"Northern Ohlone"}, ["csu"] = {"Central Sudanic languages"}, ["csv"] = {"Sumtu Chin"}, ["csy"] = {"Siyin Chin"}, ["ctc"] = {"Chetco"}, ["ctg"] = {"Chittagonian"}, ["cth"] = {"Thaiphum Chin"}, ["ctn"] = {"Chhintange"}, ["cto"] = {"Emberá-Catío"}, ["cts"] = {"Northern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["ctt"] = {"Wayanad Chetti"}, ["cua"] = {"Cua"}, ["cug"] = {"Chungmboko", "Cung"}, ["cuh"] = {"Chuka", "Gichuka"}, ["cuq"] = {"Cun"}, ["cur"] = {"Chhulung"}, ["cut"] = {"Teutila Cuicatec"}, ["cuu"] = {"Tai Ya"}, ["cuv"] = {"Cuvok"}, ["cuw"] = {"Chukwa"}, ["cvg"] = {"Chug"}, ["cwa"] = {"Kabwa"}, ["cwb"] = {"Maindo"}, ["cwe"] = {"Kwere"}, ["cwg"] = {"Chewong", "Cheq Wong"}, ["cwt"] = {"Kuwaataay"}, ["czt"] = {"Zotung Chin"}, ["daa"] = {"Dangaléat"}, ["dac"] = {"Dambi"}, ["dad"] = {"Marik"}, ["dae"] = {"Duupa"}, ["dah"] = {"Gwahatike"}, ["dai"] = {"Day"}, ["daj"] = {"Dar Fur Daju"}, ["dam"] = {"Damakawa"}, ["dao"] = {"Daai Chin"}, ["daq"] = {"Dandami Maria"}, ["das"] = {"Daho-Doo"}, ["dau"] = {"Dar Sila Daju"}, ["daw"] = {"Davawenyo"}, ["dax"] = {"Dayi"}, ["daz"] = {"Dao"}, ["dbb"] = {"Deno"}, ["dbd"] = {"Dadiya"}, ["dbe"] = {"Dabe"}, ["dbf"] = {"Edopi"}, ["dbg"] = {"Dogul Dom Dogon"}, ["dbi"] = {"Doka"}, ["dbj"] = {"Ida'an"}, ["dbm"] = {"Duguri"}, ["dbn"] = {"Duriankere"}, ["dbo"] = {"Dulbu"}, ["dbq"] = {"Daba"}, ["dbr"] = {"Dabarre"}, ["dbt"] = {"Ben Tey Dogon"}, ["dbu"] = {"Bondum Dom Dogon"}, ["dbv"] = {"Dungu"}, ["dbw"] = {"Bankan Tey Dogon"}, ["dby"] = {"Dibiyaso"}, ["dcc"] = {"Deccan"}, ["dcr"] = {"Negerhollands"}, ["dda"] = {"Dadi Dadi"}, ["ddd"] = {"Dongotono"}, ["dde"] = {"Doondo"}, ["ddi"] = {"West Goodenough"}, ["ddj"] = {"Jaru"}, ["ddr"] = {"Dhudhuroa"}, ["dds"] = {"Donno So Dogon"}, ["ddw"] = {"Dawera-Daweloor"}, ["dec"] = {"Dagik"}, ["ded"] = {"Dedua"}, ["dee"] = {"Dewoin"}, ["def"] = {"Dezfuli"}, ["deg"] = {"Degema"}, ["deh"] = {"Dehwari"}, ["dei"] = {"Demisa"}, ["dek"] = {"Dek"}, ["dem"] = {"Dem"}, ["dep"] = {"Pidgin Delaware"}, ["deq"] = {"Dendi (Central African Republic)"}, ["des"] = {"Desano"}, ["dev"] = {"Domung"}, ["dez"] = {"Dengese"}, ["dga"] = {"Southern Dagaare"}, ["dgb"] = {"Bunoge Dogon"}, ["dgc"] = {"Casiguran Dumagat Agta"}, ["dgd"] = {"Dagaari Dioula"}, ["dge"] = {"Degenan"}, ["dgg"] = {"Doga"}, ["dgh"] = {"Dghwede"}, ["dgi"] = {"Northern Dagara"}, ["dgk"] = {"Dagba"}, ["dgl"] = {"Andaandi", "Dongolawi"}, ["dgn"] = {"Dagoman"}, ["dgs"] = {"Dogoso"}, ["dgw"] = {"Daungwurrung"}, ["dgx"] = {"Doghoro"}, ["dgz"] = {"Daga"}, ["dhd"] = {"Dhundari"}, ["dhg"] = {"Dhangu-Djangu", "Dhangu", "Djangu"}, ["dhl"] = {"Dhalandji"}, ["dhm"] = {"Zemba"}, ["dhn"] = {"Dhanki"}, ["dho"] = {"Dhodia"}, ["dhr"] = {"Dhargari"}, ["dhs"] = {"Dhaiso"}, ["dhu"] = {"Dhurga"}, ["dhw"] = {"Dhanwar (Nepal)"}, ["dhx"] = {"Dhungaloo"}, ["dia"] = {"Dia"}, ["dib"] = {"South Central Dinka"}, ["dic"] = {"Lakota Dida"}, ["dif"] = {"Dieri", "Diyari"}, ["dig"] = {"Digo", "Chidigo"}, ["dii"] = {"Dimbong"}, ["dij"] = {"Dai"}, ["dil"] = {"Dilling"}, ["dim"] = {"Dime"}, ["dio"] = {"Dibo"}, ["dir"] = {"Dirim"}, ["dis"] = {"Dimasa"}, ["diw"] = {"Northwestern Dinka"}, ["dix"] = {"Dixon Reef"}, ["diy"] = {"Diuwe"}, ["diz"] = {"Ding"}, ["dja"] = {"Djadjawurrung"}, ["djb"] = {"Djinba"}, ["djc"] = {"Dar Daju Daju"}, ["djd"] = {"Djamindjung", "Ngaliwurru"}, ["djf"] = {"Djangun"}, ["dji"] = {"Djinang"}, ["djj"] = {"Djeebbana"}, ["djk"] = {"Eastern Maroon Creole", "Businenge Tongo", "Nenge"}, ["djm"] = {"Jamsay Dogon"}, ["djn"] = {"Jawoyn", "Djauan"}, ["djo"] = {"Jangkang"}, ["djr"] = {"Djambarrpuyngu"}, ["dju"] = {"Kapriman"}, ["djw"] = {"Djawi"}, ["dkk"] = {"Dakka"}, ["dkr"] = {"Kuijau"}, ["dks"] = {"Southeastern Dinka"}, ["dkx"] = {"Mazagway"}, ["dln"] = {"Darlong"}, ["dma"] = {"Duma"}, ["dmb"] = {"Mombo Dogon"}, ["dmc"] = {"Gavak"}, ["dmd"] = {"Madhi Madhi"}, ["dmf"] = {"Medefaidrin"}, ["dmg"] = {"Upper Kinabatangan"}, ["dmm"] = {"Dama"}, ["dmn"] = {"Mande languages"}, ["dmo"] = {"Kemedzung"}, ["dms"] = {"Dampelas"}, ["dmu"] = {"Dubu", "Tebi"}, ["dmv"] = {"Dumpas"}, ["dmw"] = {"Mudburra"}, ["dmx"] = {"Dema"}, ["dmy"] = {"Demta", "Sowari"}, ["dna"] = {"Upper Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnd"] = {"Daonda"}, ["dne"] = {"Ndendeule"}, ["dni"] = {"Lower Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnk"] = {"Dengka"}, ["dnn"] = {"Dzùùngoo"}, ["dno"] = {"Ndrulo", "Northern Lendu"}, ["dnr"] = {"Danaru"}, ["dnt"] = {"Mid Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnu"] = {"Danau"}, ["dnv"] = {"Danu"}, ["dnw"] = {"Western Dani"}, ["doa"] = {"Dom"}, ["dob"] = {"Dobu"}, ["doc"] = {"Northern Dong"}, ["dof"] = {"Domu"}, ["doh"] = {"Dong"}, ["dok"] = {"Dondo"}, ["dol"] = {"Doso"}, ["don"] = {"Toura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["dop"] = {"Lukpa"}, ["dor"] = {"Dori'o"}, ["dos"] = {"Dogosé"}, ["dot"] = {"Dass"}, ["dov"] = {"Dombe"}, ["dow"] = {"Doyayo"}, ["dox"] = {"Bussa"}, ["doz"] = {"Dorze"}, ["dpp"] = {"Papar"}, ["drb"] = {"Dair"}, ["drd"] = {"Darmiya"}, ["dre"] = {"Dolpo"}, ["drg"] = {"Rungus"}, ["dri"] = {"C'Lela"}, ["drl"] = {"Paakantyi"}, ["drn"] = {"West Damar"}, ["dro"] = {"Daro-Matu Melanau"}, ["drq"] = {"Dura"}, ["drs"] = {"Gedeo"}, ["drt"] = {"Drents"}, ["dry"] = {"Darai"}, ["dse"] = {"Dutch Sign Language"}, ["dsh"] = {"Daasanach"}, ["dsi"] = {"Disa"}, ["dsl"] = {"Danish Sign Language"}, ["dsn"] = {"Dusner"}, ["dso"] = {"Desiya"}, ["dsq"] = {"Tadaksahak"}, ["dtb"] = {"Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"}, ["dtd"] = {"Ditidaht"}, ["dth"] = {"Adithinngithigh"}, ["dti"] = {"Ana Tinga Dogon"}, ["dtk"] = {"Tene Kan Dogon"}, ["dtm"] = {"Tomo Kan Dogon"}, ["dtn"] = {"Daatsʼíin"}, ["dto"] = {"Tommo So Dogon"}, ["dtp"] = {"Kadazan Dusun", "Central Dusun"}, ["dtr"] = {"Lotud"}, ["dts"] = {"Toro So Dogon"}, ["dtt"] = {"Toro Tegu Dogon"}, ["dtu"] = {"Tebul Ure Dogon"}, ["dub"] = {"Dubli"}, ["duc"] = {"Duna"}, ["due"] = {"Umiray Dumaget Agta"}, ["duf"] = {"Dumbea", "Drubea"}, ["dug"] = {"Duruma", "Chiduruma"}, ["duh"] = {"Dungra Bhil"}, ["dui"] = {"Dumun"}, ["duk"] = {"Uyajitaya"}, ["dul"] = {"Alabat Island Agta"}, ["dun"] = {"Dusun Deyah"}, ["duo"] = {"Dupaninan Agta"}, ["dup"] = {"Duano"}, ["duq"] = {"Dusun Malang"}, ["dur"] = {"Dii"}, ["duu"] = {"Drung"}, ["duv"] = {"Duvle"}, ["duw"] = {"Dusun Witu"}, ["dux"] = {"Duungooma"}, ["duy"] = {"Dicamay Agta"}, ["duz"] = {"Duli-Gey"}, ["dva"] = {"Duau"}, ["dwa"] = {"Diri"}, ["dwk"] = {"Dawik Kui"}, ["dwr"] = {"Dawro"}, ["dws"] = {"Dutton World Speedwords"}, ["dwu"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dww"] = {"Dawawa"}, ["dwy"] = {"Dhuwaya"}, ["dwz"] = {"Dewas Rai"}, ["dya"] = {"Dyan"}, ["dyb"] = {"Dyaberdyaber"}, ["dyd"] = {"Dyugun"}, ["dyg"] = {"Villa Viciosa Agta"}, ["dyi"] = {"Djimini Senoufo"}, ["dym"] = {"Yanda Dom Dogon"}, ["dyn"] = {"Dyangadi", "Dhanggatti"}, ["dyo"] = {"Jola-Fonyi"}, ["dyy"] = {"Djabugay", "Dyaabugay"}, ["dza"] = {"Tunzu"}, ["dze"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dzg"] = {"Dazaga"}, ["dzl"] = {"Dzalakha"}, ["dzn"] = {"Dzando"}, ["eaa"] = {"Karenggapa"}, ["ebc"] = {"Beginci"}, ["ebk"] = {"Eastern Bontok"}, ["ebo"] = {"Teke-Ebo"}, ["ebr"] = {"Ebrié"}, ["ebu"] = {"Embu", "Kiembu"}, ["efa"] = {"Efai"}, ["ega"] = {"Ega"}, ["egx"] = {"Egyptian languages"}, ["ehu"] = {"Ehueun"}, ["eip"] = {"Eipomek"}, ["eit"] = {"Eitiep"}, ["eja"] = {"Ejamat"}, ["eke"] = {"Ekit"}, ["eki"] = {"Eki"}, ["ekk"] = {"Standard Estonian"}, ["ekl"] = {"Kol (Bangladesh)", "Kol"}, ["ekm"] = {"Elip"}, ["ekp"] = {"Ekpeye"}, ["ekr"] = {"Yace"}, ["eky"] = {"Eastern Kayah"}, ["ele"] = {"Elepi"}, ["elh"] = {"El Hugeirat"}, ["eli"] = {"Nding"}, ["elk"] = {"Elkei"}, ["elm"] = {"Eleme"}, ["elu"] = {"Elu"}, ["ema"] = {"Emai-Iuleha-Ora"}, ["emb"] = {"Embaloh"}, ["emg"] = {"Eastern Meohang"}, ["emi"] = {"Mussau-Emira"}, ["emk"] = {"Eastern Maninkakan"}, ["emm"] = {"Mamulique"}, ["emn"] = {"Eman"}, ["emp"] = {"Northern Emberá"}, ["emu"] = {"Eastern Muria"}, ["ena"] = {"Apali"}, ["enb"] = {"Markweeta"}, ["enc"] = {"En"}, ["enf"] = {"Forest Enets"}, ["enh"] = {"Tundra Enets"}, ["enn"] = {"Engenni"}, ["eno"] = {"Enggano"}, ["enq"] = {"Enga"}, ["enr"] = {"Emumu", "Emem"}, ["enu"] = {"Enu"}, ["env"] = {"Enwan (Edu State)"}, ["enw"] = {"Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)"}, ["eot"] = {"Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["era"] = {"Eravallan"}, ["erg"] = {"Sie"}, ["erh"] = {"Eruwa"}, ["eri"] = {"Ogea"}, ["erk"] = {"South Efate"}, ["err"] = {"Erre"}, ["ert"] = {"Eritai"}, ["erw"] = {"Erokwanas"}, ["esg"] = {"Aheri Gondi"}, ["esi"] = {"North Alaskan Inupiatun"}, ["esk"] = {"Northwest Alaska Inupiatun"}, ["esl"] = {"Egypt Sign Language"}, ["esm"] = {"Esuma"}, ["eso"] = {"Estonian Sign Language"}, ["esx"] = {"Eskimo-Aleut languages"}, ["esy"] = {"Eskayan"}, ["etb"] = {"Etebi"}, ["etc"] = {"Etchemin"}, ["eth"] = {"Ethiopian Sign Language"}, ["etn"] = {"Eton (Vanuatu)"}, ["eto"] = {"Eton (Cameroon)"}, ["etr"] = {"Edolo"}, ["ets"] = {"Yekhee"}, ["etx"] = {"Eten"}, ["etz"] = {"Semimi"}, ["evh"] = {"Uvbie"}, ["eyo"] = {"Keiyo"}, ["eza"] = {"Ezaa"}, ["eze"] = {"Uzekwe"}, ["fad"] = {"Wagi"}, ["faf"] = {"Fagani"}, ["fag"] = {"Finongan"}, ["fah"] = {"Baissa Fali"}, ["fai"] = {"Faiwol"}, ["faj"] = {"Faita"}, ["fak"] = {"Fang (Cameroon)"}, ["fal"] = {"South Fali"}, ["fap"] = {"Paloor"}, ["far"] = {"Fataleka"}, ["fau"] = {"Fayu"}, ["fay"] = {"Southwestern Fars"}, ["faz"] = {"Northwestern Fars"}, ["fbl"] = {"West Albay Bikol"}, ["ffi"] = {"Foia Foia"}, ["ffm"] = {"Maasina Fulfulde"}, ["fgr"] = {"Fongoro"}, ["fia"] = {"Nobiin"}, ["fie"] = {"Fyer"}, ["fif"] = {"Faifi"}, ["fip"] = {"Fipa"}, ["fir"] = {"Firan"}, ["fiw"] = {"Fiwaga"}, ["fkk"] = {"Kirya-Konzəl"}, ["flh"] = {"Foau"}, ["fli"] = {"Fali"}, ["fll"] = {"North Fali"}, ["fln"] = {"Flinders Island"}, ["flr"] = {"Fuliiru"}, ["fly"] = {"Flaaitaal", "Tsotsitaal"}, ["fmp"] = {"Fe'fe'"}, ["fmu"] = {"Far Western Muria"}, ["fnb"] = {"Fanbak"}, ["fng"] = {"Fanagalo"}, ["fni"] = {"Fania"}, ["fod"] = {"Foodo"}, ["foi"] = {"Foi"}, ["fom"] = {"Foma"}, ["for"] = {"Fore"}, ["fos"] = {"Siraya"}, ["fox"] = {"Formosan languages"}, ["frq"] = {"Forak"}, ["fse"] = {"Finnish Sign Language"}, ["fss"] = {"Finland-Swedish Sign Language", "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk", "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli"}, ["fub"] = {"Adamawa Fulfulde"}, ["fuc"] = {"Pulaar"}, ["fud"] = {"East Futuna"}, ["fue"] = {"Borgu Fulfulde"}, ["fuf"] = {"Pular"}, ["fuh"] = {"Western Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fui"] = {"Bagirmi Fulfulde"}, ["fuj"] = {"Ko"}, ["fum"] = {"Fum"}, ["fuq"] = {"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fut"] = {"Futuna-Aniwa"}, ["fuu"] = {"Furu"}, ["fuv"] = {"Nigerian Fulfulde"}, ["fuy"] = {"Fuyug"}, ["gab"] = {"Gabri"}, ["gac"] = {"Mixed Great Andamanese"}, ["gaf"] = {"Gende"}, ["gah"] = {"Alekano"}, ["gai"] = {"Borei"}, ["gaj"] = {"Gadsup"}, ["gak"] = {"Gamkonora"}, ["gam"] = {"Kandawo"}, ["gao"] = {"Gants"}, ["gap"] = {"Gal"}, ["gaq"] = {"Gata'"}, ["gar"] = {"Galeya"}, ["gas"] = {"Adiwasi Garasia"}, ["gau"] = {"Mudhili Gadaba"}, ["gaw"] = {"Nobonob"}, ["gax"] = {"Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo"}, ["gaz"] = {"West Central Oromo"}, ["gbb"] = {"Kaytetye"}, ["gbd"] = {"Karajarri"}, ["gbe"] = {"Niksek"}, ["gbf"] = {"Gaikundi"}, ["gbh"] = {"Defi Gbe"}, ["gbj"] = {"Bodo Gadaba"}, ["gbk"] = {"Gaddi"}, ["gbl"] = {"Gamit"}, ["gbm"] = {"Garhwali"}, ["gbo"] = {"Northern Grebo"}, ["gbq"] = {"Gbaya-Bozoum"}, ["gbr"] = {"Gbagyi"}, ["gbs"] = {"Gbesi Gbe"}, ["gbu"] = {"Gagadu"}, ["gbv"] = {"Gbanu"}, ["gbw"] = {"Gabi-Gabi"}, ["gbx"] = {"Eastern Xwla Gbe"}, ["gby"] = {"Gbari"}, ["gbz"] = {"Zoroastrian Dari"}, ["gcc"] = {"Mali"}, ["gcd"] = {"Ganggalida"}, ["gcl"] = {"Grenadian Creole English"}, ["gcn"] = {"Gaina"}, ["gda"] = {"Gade Lohar"}, ["gdb"] = {"Pottangi Ollar Gadaba"}, ["gdc"] = {"Gugu Badhun"}, ["gde"] = {"Gude"}, ["gdf"] = {"Guduf-Gava"}, ["gdg"] = {"Ga'dang"}, ["gdh"] = {"Gadjerawang", "Gajirrabeng"}, ["gdi"] = {"Gundi"}, ["gdj"] = {"Gurdjar"}, ["gdl"] = {"Dirasha"}, ["gdn"] = {"Umanakaina"}, ["gdr"] = {"Wipi"}, ["gds"] = {"Ghandruk Sign Language"}, ["gdt"] = {"Kungardutyi"}, ["gdu"] = {"Gudu"}, ["gdx"] = {"Godwari"}, ["gea"] = {"Geruma"}, ["geb"] = {"Kire"}, ["gec"] = {"Gboloo Grebo"}, ["ged"] = {"Gade"}, ["gef"] = {"Gerai"}, ["geg"] = {"Gengle"}, ["geh"] = {"Hutterite German", "Hutterisch"}, ["gei"] = {"Gebe"}, ["gek"] = {"Ywom"}, ["gel"] = {"ut-Ma'in"}, ["geq"] = {"Geme"}, ["ges"] = {"Geser-Gorom"}, ["gev"] = {"Eviya"}, ["gew"] = {"Gera"}, ["gex"] = {"Garre"}, ["gfk"] = {"Patpatar"}, ["gga"] = {"Gao"}, ["ggb"] = {"Gbii"}, ["gge"] = {"Gurr-goni"}, ["ggg"] = {"Gurgula"}, ["ggk"] = {"Kungarakany"}, ["ggl"] = {"Ganglau"}, ["ggt"] = {"Gitua"}, ["ggu"] = {"Gagu", "Gban"}, ["ggw"] = {"Gogodala"}, ["gha"] = {"Ghadamès"}, ["ghe"] = {"Southern Ghale"}, ["ghh"] = {"Northern Ghale"}, ["ghk"] = {"Geko Karen"}, ["ghl"] = {"Ghulfan"}, ["ghn"] = {"Ghanongga"}, ["ghr"] = {"Ghera"}, ["ghs"] = {"Guhu-Samane"}, ["ght"] = {"Kuke", "Kutang Ghale"}, ["gia"] = {"Kija"}, ["gib"] = {"Gibanawa"}, ["gic"] = {"Gail"}, ["gid"] = {"Gidar"}, ["gie"] = {"Gaɓogbo", "Guébie"}, ["gig"] = {"Goaria"}, ["gih"] = {"Githabul"}, ["gim"] = {"Gimi (Eastern Highlands)"}, ["gip"] = {"Gimi (West New Britain)"}, ["giq"] = {"Green Gelao"}, ["gir"] = {"Red Gelao"}, ["git"] = {"Gitxsan"}, ["giu"] = {"Mulao"}, ["giw"] = {"White Gelao"}, ["gix"] = {"Gilima"}, ["giy"] = {"Giyug"}, ["gji"] = {"Geji"}, ["gjk"] = {"Kachi Koli"}, ["gjm"] = {"Gunditjmara"}, ["gjn"] = {"Gonja"}, ["gjr"] = {"Gurindji Kriol"}, ["gju"] = {"Gujari"}, ["gka"] = {"Guya"}, ["gkd"] = {"Magɨ (Madang Province)"}, ["gke"] = {"Ndai"}, ["gkn"] = {"Gokana"}, ["gko"] = {"Kok-Nar"}, ["gkp"] = {"Guinea Kpelle"}, ["gku"] = {"ǂUngkue"}, ["glc"] = {"Bon Gula"}, ["glh"] = {"Northwest Pashai", "Northwest Pashayi"}, ["glj"] = {"Gula Iro"}, ["gll"] = {"Garlali"}, ["glo"] = {"Galambu"}, ["glr"] = {"Glaro-Twabo"}, ["glu"] = {"Gula (Chad)"}, ["glw"] = {"Glavda"}, ["gly"] = {"Gule"}, ["gma"] = {"Gambera"}, ["gmb"] = {"Gula'alaa"}, ["gmd"] = {"Mághdì"}, ["gme"] = {"East Germanic languages"}, ["gmg"] = {"Magɨyi"}, ["gmm"] = {"Gbaya-Mbodomo"}, ["gmn"] = {"Gimnime"}, ["gmq"] = {"North Germanic languages"}, ["gmu"] = {"Gumalu"}, ["gmv"] = {"Gamo"}, ["gmx"] = {"Magoma"}, ["gmz"] = {"Mgbolizhia"}, ["gna"] = {"Kaansa"}, ["gnb"] = {"Gangte"}, ["gnd"] = {"Zulgo-Gemzek"}, ["gne"] = {"Ganang"}, ["gng"] = {"Ngangam"}, ["gnh"] = {"Lere"}, ["gnj"] = {"Ngen"}, ["gnk"] = {"ǁGana"}, ["gnl"] = {"Gangulu"}, ["gnm"] = {"Ginuman"}, ["gnn"] = {"Gumatj"}, ["gno"] = {"Northern Gondi"}, ["gnq"] = {"Gana"}, ["gnr"] = {"Gureng Gureng"}, ["gnt"] = {"Guntai"}, ["gnu"] = {"Gnau"}, ["gnz"] = {"Ganzi"}, ["goc"] = {"Gorakor"}, ["god"] = {"Godié"}, ["gof"] = {"Gofa"}, ["gog"] = {"Gogo"}, ["goi"] = {"Gobasi"}, ["goj"] = {"Gowlan"}, ["gok"] = {"Gowli"}, ["gom"] = {"Goan Konkani"}, ["gop"] = {"Yeretuar"}, ["goq"] = {"Gorap"}, ["gou"] = {"Gavar"}, ["gow"] = {"Gorowa"}, ["gox"] = {"Gobu"}, ["goy"] = {"Goundo"}, ["goz"] = {"Gozarkhani"}, ["gpa"] = {"Gupa-Abawa"}, ["gpe"] = {"Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, ["gqa"] = {"Ga'anda"}, ["gqi"] = {"Guiqiong"}, ["gqr"] = {"Gor"}, ["gqu"] = {"Qau"}, ["gra"] = {"Rajput Garasia"}, ["grd"] = {"Guruntum-Mbaaru"}, ["grg"] = {"Madi"}, ["grh"] = {"Gbiri-Niragu"}, ["gri"] = {"Ghari"}, ["grj"] = {"Southern Grebo"}, ["grk"] = {"Greek languages"}, ["grm"] = {"Kota Marudu Talantang"}, ["gro"] = {"Groma"}, ["grq"] = {"Gorovu"}, ["grr"] = {"Taznatit"}, ["grs"] = {"Gresi"}, ["grt"] = {"Garo"}, ["grv"] = {"Central Grebo"}, ["grw"] = {"Gweda"}, ["grx"] = {"Guriaso"}, ["gry"] = {"Barclayville Grebo"}, ["grz"] = {"Guramalum"}, ["gsl"] = {"Gusilay"}, ["gsn"] = {"Nema", "Gusan"}, ["gso"] = {"Southwest Gbaya"}, ["gsp"] = {"Wasembo"}, ["gss"] = {"Greek Sign Language"}, ["gtu"] = {"Aghu-Tharnggala"}, ["gua"] = {"Shiki"}, ["gud"] = {"Yocoboué Dida"}, ["gue"] = {"Gurindji"}, ["guf"] = {"Gupapuyngu"}, ["gup"] = {"Gunwinggu"}, ["gur"] = {"Farefare"}, ["gus"] = {"Guinean Sign Language"}, ["guw"] = {"Gun"}, ["guz"] = {"Gusii", "Ekegusii"}, ["gva"] = {"Guana (Paraguay)"}, ["gve"] = {"Duwet"}, ["gvf"] = {"Golin"}, ["gvl"] = {"Gulay"}, ["gvm"] = {"Gurmana"}, ["gvn"] = {"Kuku-Yalanji"}, ["gvp"] = {"Pará Gavião"}, ["gvr"] = {"Gurung"}, ["gvs"] = {"Gumawana"}, ["gvy"] = {"Guyani"}, ["gwa"] = {"Mbato"}, ["gwb"] = {"Gwa"}, ["gwc"] = {"Gawri", "Kalami"}, ["gwd"] = {"Gawwada"}, ["gwe"] = {"Gweno"}, ["gwf"] = {"Gowro"}, ["gwg"] = {"Moo"}, ["gwn"] = {"Gwandara"}, ["gwr"] = {"Gwere"}, ["gwt"] = {"Gawar-Bati"}, ["gwu"] = {"Guwamu"}, ["gww"] = {"Kwini"}, ["gwx"] = {"Gua"}, ["gxx"] = {"Wè Southern"}, ["gya"] = {"Northwest Gbaya"}, ["gyb"] = {"Garus"}, ["gyd"] = {"Kayardild"}, ["gye"] = {"Gyem"}, ["gyf"] = {"Gungabula"}, ["gyg"] = {"Gbayi"}, ["gyi"] = {"Gyele"}, ["gyl"] = {"Gayil"}, ["gyo"] = {"Gyalsumdo"}, ["gyy"] = {"Gunya"}, ["gza"] = {"Ganza"}, ["gzi"] = {"Gazi"}, ["gzn"] = {"Gane"}, ["hab"] = {"Hanoi Sign Language"}, ["hac"] = {"Gurani"}, ["had"] = {"Hatam"}, ["hae"] = {"Eastern Oromo"}, ["haf"] = {"Haiphong Sign Language"}, ["hag"] = {"Hanga"}, ["hah"] = {"Hahon"}, ["haj"] = {"Hajong"}, ["ham"] = {"Hewa"}, ["han"] = {"Hangaza"}, ["hao"] = {"Hakö"}, ["hap"] = {"Hupla"}, ["haq"] = {"Ha"}, ["hav"] = {"Havu"}, ["hax"] = {"Southern Haida"}, ["hay"] = {"Haya"}, ["hba"] = {"Hamba"}, ["hbb"] = {"Huba"}, ["hbn"] = {"Heiban"}, ["hbu"] = {"Habu"}, ["hca"] = {"Andaman Creole Hindi"}, ["hdn"] = {"Northern Haida"}, ["hdy"] = {"Hadiyya"}, ["hea"] = {"Northern Qiandong Miao"}, ["heg"] = {"Helong"}, ["hem"] = {"Hemba"}, ["hgm"] = {"Haiǁom"}, ["hgw"] = {"Haigwai"}, ["hhi"] = {"Hoia Hoia"}, ["hhr"] = {"Kerak"}, ["hhy"] = {"Hoyahoya"}, ["hia"] = {"Lamang"}, ["hig"] = {"Kamwe"}, ["hih"] = {"Pamosu"}, ["hii"] = {"Hinduri"}, ["hij"] = {"Hijuk"}, ["hik"] = {"Seit-Kaitetu"}, ["hio"] = {"Tsoa"}, ["hji"] = {"Haji"}, ["hka"] = {"Kahe"}, ["hke"] = {"Hunde"}, ["hkk"] = {"Hunjara-Kaina Ke"}, ["hkn"] = {"Mel-Khaonh"}, ["hks"] = {"Hong Kong Sign Language", "Heung Kong Sau Yue"}, ["hla"] = {"Halia"}, ["hld"] = {"Halang Doan"}, ["hle"] = {"Hlersu"}, ["hlt"] = {"Matu Chin"}, ["hma"] = {"Southern Mashan Hmong", "Southern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmb"] = {"Humburi Senni Songhay"}, ["hmc"] = {"Central Huishui Hmong", "Central Huishui Miao"}, ["hmd"] = {"Large Flowery Miao", "A-hmaos", "Da-Hua Miao"}, ["hme"] = {"Eastern Huishui Hmong", "Eastern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmf"] = {"Hmong Don"}, ["hmg"] = {"Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"}, ["hmh"] = {"Southwestern Huishui Hmong", "Southwestern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmi"] = {"Northern Huishui Hmong", "Northern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmj"] = {"Ge", "Gejia"}, ["hml"] = {"Luopohe Hmong", "Luopohe Miao"}, ["hmm"] = {"Central Mashan Hmong", "Central Mashan Miao"}, ["hmp"] = {"Northern Mashan Hmong", "Northern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmq"] = {"Eastern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hms"] = {"Southern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmt"] = {"Hamtai"}, ["hmu"] = {"Hamap"}, ["hmv"] = {"Hmong Dô"}, ["hmw"] = {"Western Mashan Hmong", "Western Mashan Miao"}, ["hmx"] = {"Hmong-Mien languages"}, ["hmy"] = {"Southern Guiyang Hmong", "Southern Guiyang Miao"}, ["hmz"] = {"Hmong Shua", "Sinicized Miao"}, ["hna"] = {"Mina (Cameroon)"}, ["hnd"] = {"Southern Hindko"}, ["hng"] = {"Hungu"}, ["hnh"] = {"ǁAni"}, ["hni"] = {"Hani"}, ["hnj"] = {"Hmong Njua", "Mong Leng", "Mong Njua"}, ["hno"] = {"Northern Hindko"}, ["hns"] = {"Caribbean Hindustani"}, ["hnu"] = {"Hung"}, ["hoa"] = {"Hoava"}, ["hob"] = {"Mari (Madang Province)"}, ["hoc"] = {"Ho"}, ["hoe"] = {"Horom"}, ["hoh"] = {"Hobyót"}, ["hoj"] = {"Hadothi", "Haroti"}, ["hok"] = {"Hokan languages"}, ["hol"] = {"Holu"}, ["hom"] = {"Homa"}, ["hor"] = {"Horo"}, ["hos"] = {"Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"}, ["hot"] = {"Hote", "Malê"}, ["hov"] = {"Hovongan"}, ["how"] = {"Honi"}, ["hoy"] = {"Holiya"}, ["hoz"] = {"Hozo"}, ["hpo"] = {"Hpon"}, ["hra"] = {"Hrangkhol"}, ["hrc"] = {"Niwer Mil"}, ["hre"] = {"Hre"}, ["hrk"] = {"Haruku"}, ["hrm"] = {"Horned Miao"}, ["hro"] = {"Haroi"}, ["hrp"] = {"Nhirrpi"}, ["hrt"] = {"Hértevin"}, ["hru"] = {"Hruso"}, ["hrw"] = {"Warwar Feni"}, ["hrz"] = {"Harzani"}, ["hsh"] = {"Hungarian Sign Language"}, ["hsl"] = {"Hausa Sign Language"}, ["hss"] = {"Harsusi"}, ["htu"] = {"Hitu"}, ["hud"] = {"Huaulu"}, ["huf"] = {"Humene"}, ["hui"] = {"Huli"}, ["huj"] = {"Northern Guiyang Hmong", "Northern Guiyang Miao"}, ["huk"] = {"Hulung"}, ["hul"] = {"Hula"}, ["hum"] = {"Hungana"}, ["huo"] = {"Hu"}, ["huq"] = {"Tsat"}, ["hut"] = {"Humla"}, ["hvc"] = {"Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"}, ["hvk"] = {"Haveke"}, ["hvv"] = {"Santa María Del Mar Huave"}, ["hwa"] = {"Wané"}, ["hya"] = {"Hya"}, ["hyx"] = {"Armenian (family)"}, ["ian"] = {"Iatmul"}, ["iar"] = {"Purari"}, ["ibd"] = {"Iwaidja"}, ["ibe"] = {"Akpes"}, ["ibg"] = {"Ibanag"}, ["ibh"] = {"Bih"}, ["ibl"] = {"Ibaloi"}, ["ibm"] = {"Agoi"}, ["ibn"] = {"Ibino"}, ["ibr"] = {"Ibuoro"}, ["ibu"] = {"Ibu"}, ["iby"] = {"Ibani"}, ["ica"] = {"Ede Ica"}, ["ich"] = {"Etkywan"}, ["icl"] = {"Icelandic Sign Language"}, ["ida"] = {"Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki", "Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi"}, ["idc"] = {"Idon", "Ajiya"}, ["idd"] = {"Ede Idaca"}, ["ide"] = {"Idere"}, ["idi"] = {"Idi"}, ["idr"] = {"Indri"}, ["ids"] = {"Idesa"}, ["idt"] = {"Idaté"}, ["idu"] = {"Idoma"}, ["ifa"] = {"Amganad Ifugao"}, ["ifb"] = {"Batad Ifugao", "Ayangan Ifugao"}, ["ife"] = {"Ifè"}, ["iff"] = {"Ifo"}, ["ifk"] = {"Tuwali Ifugao"}, ["ifm"] = {"Teke-Fuumu"}, ["ifu"] = {"Mayoyao Ifugao"}, ["ify"] = {"Keley-I Kallahan"}, ["igb"] = {"Ebira"}, ["ige"] = {"Igede"}, ["igg"] = {"Igana"}, ["igl"] = {"Igala"}, ["igm"] = {"Kanggape"}, ["igo"] = {"Isebe"}, ["igw"] = {"Igwe"}, ["ihb"] = {"Iha Based Pidgin"}, ["ihi"] = {"Ihievbe"}, ["ihp"] = {"Iha"}, ["ihw"] = {"Bidhawal"}, ["iin"] = {"Thiin"}, ["ijc"] = {"Izon"}, ["ije"] = {"Biseni"}, ["ijj"] = {"Ede Ije"}, ["ijn"] = {"Kalabari"}, ["ijs"] = {"Southeast Ijo"}, ["ike"] = {"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["iki"] = {"Iko"}, ["ikk"] = {"Ika"}, ["ikl"] = {"Ikulu"}, ["ikp"] = {"Ikpeshi"}, ["ikr"] = {"Ikaranggal"}, ["iks"] = {"Inuit Sign Language"}, ["ikv"] = {"Iku-Gora-Ankwa"}, ["ikw"] = {"Ikwere"}, ["ikz"] = {"Ikizu"}, ["ila"] = {"Ile Ape"}, ["ilg"] = {"Garig-Ilgar"}, ["ili"] = {"Ili Turki"}, ["ilk"] = {"Ilongot"}, ["ilm"] = {"Iranun (Malaysia)"}, ["ilp"] = {"Iranun (Philippines)"}, ["ilv"] = {"Ilue"}, ["ima"] = {"Mala Malasar"}, ["imi"] = {"Anamgura"}, ["iml"] = {"Miluk"}, ["imn"] = {"Imonda"}, ["imo"] = {"Imbongu"}, ["imr"] = {"Imroing"}, ["imy"] = {"Milyan"}, ["inj"] = {"Jungle Inga"}, ["inl"] = {"Indonesian Sign Language"}, ["inm"] = {"Minaean"}, ["inn"] = {"Isinai"}, ["ino"] = {"Inoke-Yate"}, ["ins"] = {"Indian Sign Language"}, ["int"] = {"Intha"}, ["ior"] = {"Inor"}, ["iou"] = {"Tuma-Irumu"}, ["ipi"] = {"Ipili"}, ["ipo"] = {"Ipiko"}, ["iqw"] = {"Ikwo"}, ["ire"] = {"Iresim"}, ["irh"] = {"Irarutu"}, ["iri"] = {"Rigwe", "Irigwe"}, ["iru"] = {"Irula"}, ["irx"] = {"Kamberau"}, ["iry"] = {"Iraya"}, ["isa"] = {"Isabi"}, ["isd"] = {"Isnag"}, ["ish"] = {"Esan"}, ["isi"] = {"Nkem-Nkum"}, ["isk"] = {"Ishkashimi"}, ["ism"] = {"Masimasi"}, ["isn"] = {"Isanzu"}, ["iso"] = {"Isoko"}, ["isu"] = {"Isu (Menchum Division)"}, ["itb"] = {"Binongan Itneg"}, ["itd"] = {"Southern Tidung"}, ["iti"] = {"Inlaod Itneg"}, ["itm"] = {"Itu Mbon Uzo"}, ["itr"] = {"Iteri"}, ["its"] = {"Isekiri"}, ["itt"] = {"Maeng Itneg"}, ["itv"] = {"Itawit"}, ["itw"] = {"Ito"}, ["ity"] = {"Moyadan Itneg"}, ["ium"] = {"Iu Mien"}, ["ivb"] = {"Ibatan"}, ["iwk"] = {"I-Wak"}, ["iwm"] = {"Iwam"}, ["iwo"] = {"Iwur"}, ["iws"] = {"Sepik Iwam"}, ["iya"] = {"Iyayu"}, ["iyo"] = {"Mesaka"}, ["iyx"] = {"Yaka (Congo)"}, ["izr"] = {"Izere"}, ["izz"] = {"Izii"}, ["jab"] = {"Hyam"}, ["jad"] = {"Jahanka"}, ["jae"] = {"Yabem"}, ["jaf"] = {"Jara"}, ["jah"] = {"Jah Hut"}, ["jaj"] = {"Zazao"}, ["jak"] = {"Jakun"}, ["jal"] = {"Yalahatan"}, ["jan"] = {"Jandai"}, ["jaq"] = {"Yaqay"}, ["jas"] = {"New Caledonian Javanese"}, ["jat"] = {"Jakati"}, ["jau"] = {"Yaur"}, ["jax"] = {"Jambi Malay"}, ["jay"] = {"Yan-nhangu", "Nhangu"}, ["jbi"] = {"Badjiri"}, ["jbj"] = {"Arandai"}, ["jbk"] = {"Barikewa"}, ["jbn"] = {"Nafusi"}, ["jbr"] = {"Jofotek-Bromnya"}, ["jbu"] = {"Jukun Takum"}, ["jbw"] = {"Yawijibaya"}, ["jcs"] = {"Jamaican Country Sign Language"}, ["jda"] = {"Jad"}, ["jdg"] = {"Jadgali"}, ["jee"] = {"Jerung"}, ["jeh"] = {"Jeh"}, ["jei"] = {"Yei"}, ["jek"] = {"Jeri Kuo"}, ["jel"] = {"Yelmek"}, ["jen"] = {"Dza"}, ["jer"] = {"Jere"}, ["jet"] = {"Manem"}, ["jeu"] = {"Jonkor Bourmataguil"}, ["jgb"] = {"Ngbee"}, ["jgk"] = {"Gwak"}, ["jgo"] = {"Ngomba"}, ["jhi"] = {"Jehai"}, ["jhs"] = {"Jhankot Sign Language"}, ["jia"] = {"Jina"}, ["jib"] = {"Jibu"}, ["jic"] = {"Tol"}, ["jid"] = {"Bu"}, ["jie"] = {"Jilbe"}, ["jig"] = {"Jingulu", "Djingili"}, ["jih"] = {"sTodsde", "Shangzhai"}, ["jii"] = {"Jiiddu"}, ["jil"] = {"Jilim"}, ["jim"] = {"Jimi (Cameroon)"}, ["jio"] = {"Jiamao"}, ["jiq"] = {"Guanyinqiao", "Lavrung"}, ["jit"] = {"Jita"}, ["jiu"] = {"Youle Jinuo"}, ["jiy"] = {"Buyuan Jinuo"}, ["jjr"] = {"Bankal"}, ["jka"] = {"Kaera"}, ["jkm"] = {"Mobwa Karen"}, ["jko"] = {"Kubo"}, ["jkp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["jku"] = {"Labir"}, ["jle"] = {"Ngile"}, ["jls"] = {"Jamaican Sign Language"}, ["jma"] = {"Dima"}, ["jmc"] = {"Machame"}, ["jmi"] = {"Jimi (Nigeria)"}, ["jml"] = {"Jumli"}, ["jmn"] = {"Makuri Naga"}, ["jmr"] = {"Kamara"}, ["jms"] = {"Mashi (Nigeria)"}, ["jmw"] = {"Mouwase"}, ["jmx"] = {"Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["jna"] = {"Jangshung"}, ["jnd"] = {"Jandavra"}, ["jng"] = {"Yangman"}, ["jni"] = {"Janji"}, ["jnj"] = {"Yemsa"}, ["jnl"] = {"Rawat"}, ["jns"] = {"Jaunsari"}, ["job"] = {"Joba"}, ["jod"] = {"Wojenaka"}, ["jog"] = {"Jogi"}, ["jow"] = {"Jowulu"}, ["jpx"] = {"Japanese (family)"}, ["jra"] = {"Jarai"}, ["jrr"] = {"Jiru"}, ["jua"] = {"Júma"}, ["jub"] = {"Wannu"}, ["jud"] = {"Worodougou"}, ["juh"] = {"Hõne"}, ["jui"] = {"Ngadjuri"}, ["juk"] = {"Wapan"}, ["jul"] = {"Jirel"}, ["jum"] = {"Jumjum"}, ["jun"] = {"Juang"}, ["juo"] = {"Jiba"}, ["jus"] = {"Jumla Sign Language"}, ["juu"] = {"Ju"}, ["juw"] = {"Wãpha"}, ["juy"] = {"Juray"}, ["jvd"] = {"Javindo"}, ["jvn"] = {"Caribbean Javanese"}, ["jwi"] = {"Jwira-Pepesa"}, ["jya"] = {"Jiarong"}, ["jyy"] = {"Jaya"}, ["kad"] = {"Adara"}, ["kaf"] = {"Katso"}, ["kag"] = {"Kajaman"}, ["kah"] = {"Kara (Central African Republic)"}, ["kai"] = {"Karekare"}, ["kaj"] = {"Jju"}, ["kak"] = {"Kalanguya", "Kayapa Kallahan"}, ["kao"] = {"Xaasongaxango"}, ["kaq"] = {"Capanahua"}, ["kax"] = {"Kao"}, ["kba"] = {"Kalarko"}, ["kbb"] = {"Kaxuiâna"}, ["kbe"] = {"Kanju"}, ["kbg"] = {"Khamba"}, ["kbi"] = {"Kaptiau"}, ["kbj"] = {"Kari"}, ["kbk"] = {"Grass Koiari"}, ["kbl"] = {"Kanembu"}, ["kbm"] = {"Iwal"}, ["kbn"] = {"Kare (Central African Republic)"}, ["kbo"] = {"Keliko"}, ["kbq"] = {"Kamano"}, ["kbs"] = {"Kande"}, ["kbt"] = {"Abadi"}, ["kbu"] = {"Kabutra"}, ["kbv"] = {"Dera (Indonesia)"}, ["kbw"] = {"Kaiep"}, ["kbx"] = {"Ap Ma"}, ["kby"] = {"Manga Kanuri"}, ["kbz"] = {"Duhwa"}, ["kcb"] = {"Kawacha"}, ["kcc"] = {"Lubila"}, ["kcd"] = {"Ngkâlmpw Kanum"}, ["kce"] = {"Kaivi"}, ["kcf"] = {"Ukaan"}, ["kcg"] = {"Tyap"}, ["kch"] = {"Vono"}, ["kci"] = {"Kamantan"}, ["kcj"] = {"Kobiana"}, ["kck"] = {"Kalanga"}, ["kcl"] = {"Kela (Papua New Guinea)", "Kala"}, ["kcm"] = {"Gula (Central African Republic)"}, ["kco"] = {"Kinalakna"}, ["kcp"] = {"Kanga"}, ["kcq"] = {"Kamo"}, ["kcr"] = {"Katla"}, ["kcs"] = {"Koenoem"}, ["kct"] = {"Kaian"}, ["kcu"] = {"Kami (Tanzania)"}, ["kcv"] = {"Kete"}, ["kcw"] = {"Kabwari"}, ["kcx"] = {"Kachama-Ganjule"}, ["kcz"] = {"Konongo"}, ["kda"] = {"Worimi"}, ["kdc"] = {"Kutu"}, ["kdf"] = {"Mamusi"}, ["kdi"] = {"Kumam"}, ["kdk"] = {"Numèè", "Kwényi"}, ["kdl"] = {"Tsikimba"}, ["kdm"] = {"Kagoma"}, ["kdn"] = {"Kunda"}, ["kdo"] = {"Kordofanian languages"}, ["kdp"] = {"Kaningdon-Nindem"}, ["kdu"] = {"Kadaru"}, ["kdw"] = {"Koneraw"}, ["kdx"] = {"Kam"}, ["kdz"] = {"Kwaja"}, ["keb"] = {"Kélé"}, ["kec"] = {"Keiga"}, ["ked"] = {"Kerewe"}, ["kee"] = {"Eastern Keres"}, ["kef"] = {"Kpessi"}, ["keg"] = {"Tese"}, ["keh"] = {"Keak"}, ["kei"] = {"Kei"}, ["kej"] = {"Kadar"}, ["kel"] = {"Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kem"] = {"Kemak"}, ["ken"] = {"Kenyang"}, ["kep"] = {"Kaikadi"}, ["keq"] = {"Kamar"}, ["kes"] = {"Kugbo"}, ["keu"] = {"Akebu"}, ["kev"] = {"Kanikkaran"}, ["kew"] = {"West Kewa"}, ["kex"] = {"Kukna"}, ["key"] = {"Kupia"}, ["kez"] = {"Kukele"}, ["kfa"] = {"Kodava"}, ["kfd"] = {"Korra Koraga"}, ["kfg"] = {"Kudiya"}, ["kfh"] = {"Kurichiya"}, ["kfj"] = {"Kemiehua"}, ["kfl"] = {"Kung"}, ["kfm"] = {"Khunsari"}, ["kfn"] = {"Kuk"}, ["kfo"] = {"Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["kfq"] = {"Korku"}, ["kfr"] = {"Kachhi", "Kutchi"}, ["kfs"] = {"Bilaspuri"}, ["kft"] = {"Kanjari"}, ["kfu"] = {"Katkari"}, ["kfv"] = {"Kurmukar"}, ["kfw"] = {"Kharam Naga"}, ["kfx"] = {"Kullu Pahari"}, ["kfy"] = {"Kumaoni"}, ["kfz"] = {"Koromfé"}, ["kga"] = {"Koyaga"}, ["kgb"] = {"Kawe"}, ["kgf"] = {"Kube"}, ["kgi"] = {"Selangor Sign Language"}, ["kgj"] = {"Gamale Kham"}, ["kgl"] = {"Kunggari"}, ["kgn"] = {"Karingani"}, ["kgo"] = {"Krongo"}, ["kgt"] = {"Somyev"}, ["kgu"] = {"Kobol"}, ["kgw"] = {"Karon Dori"}, ["kgx"] = {"Kamaru"}, ["kgy"] = {"Kyerung"}, ["khc"] = {"Tukang Besi North"}, ["khd"] = {"Bädi Kanum"}, ["khe"] = {"Korowai"}, ["khf"] = {"Khuen"}, ["khg"] = {"Khams Tibetan"}, ["khh"] = {"Kehu"}, ["khj"] = {"Kuturmi"}, ["khl"] = {"Lusi"}, ["khp"] = {"Kapori", "Kapauri"}, ["khs"] = {"Kasua"}, ["kht"] = {"Khamti"}, ["khu"] = {"Nkhumbi"}, ["khx"] = {"Kanu"}, ["khy"] = {"Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["khz"] = {"Keapara"}, ["kia"] = {"Kim"}, ["kid"] = {"Koshin"}, ["kie"] = {"Kibet"}, ["kif"] = {"Eastern Parbate Kham"}, ["kig"] = {"Kimaama", "Kimaghima"}, ["kih"] = {"Kilmeri"}, ["kii"] = {"Kitsai"}, ["kij"] = {"Kilivila"}, ["kil"] = {"Kariya"}, ["kip"] = {"Sheshi Kham"}, ["kiq"] = {"Kosadle", "Kosare"}, ["kis"] = {"Kis"}, ["kit"] = {"Agob"}, ["kiu"] = {"Kirmanjki (individual language)"}, ["kiv"] = {"Kimbu"}, ["kiw"] = {"Northeast Kiwai"}, ["kix"] = {"Khiamniungan Naga"}, ["kiy"] = {"Kirikiri"}, ["kiz"] = {"Kisi"}, ["kja"] = {"Mlap"}, ["kjc"] = {"Coastal Konjo"}, ["kjd"] = {"Southern Kiwai"}, ["kje"] = {"Kisar"}, ["kjg"] = {"Khmu"}, ["kji"] = {"Zabana"}, ["kjk"] = {"Highland Konjo"}, ["kjl"] = {"Western Parbate Kham"}, ["kjm"] = {"Kháng"}, ["kjn"] = {"Kunjen"}, ["kjo"] = {"Harijan Kinnauri"}, ["kjp"] = {"Pwo Eastern Karen"}, ["kjr"] = {"Kurudu"}, ["kjs"] = {"East Kewa"}, ["kjt"] = {"Phrae Pwo Karen"}, ["kju"] = {"Kashaya"}, ["kjy"] = {"Erave"}, ["kjz"] = {"Bumthangkha"}, ["kka"] = {"Kakanda"}, ["kkb"] = {"Kwerisa"}, ["kkc"] = {"Odoodee"}, ["kkd"] = {"Kinuku"}, ["kke"] = {"Kakabe"}, ["kkf"] = {"Kalaktang Monpa"}, ["kkg"] = {"Mabaka Valley Kalinga"}, ["kki"] = {"Kagulu"}, ["kkj"] = {"Kako"}, ["kkk"] = {"Kokota"}, ["kkl"] = {"Kosarek Yale"}, ["kkm"] = {"Kiong"}, ["kkn"] = {"Kon Keu"}, ["kkp"] = {"Gugubera", "Koko-Bera"}, ["kkq"] = {"Kaeku"}, ["kkr"] = {"Kir-Balar"}, ["kks"] = {"Giiwo"}, ["kkt"] = {"Koi"}, ["kku"] = {"Tumi"}, ["kkw"] = {"Teke-Kukuya"}, ["kkx"] = {"Kohin"}, ["klc"] = {"Kolbila"}, ["kle"] = {"Kulung (Nepal)"}, ["klf"] = {"Kendeje"}, ["klg"] = {"Tagakaulo"}, ["klh"] = {"Weliki"}, ["kli"] = {"Kalumpang"}, ["klk"] = {"Kono (Nigeria)"}, ["kll"] = {"Kagan Kalagan"}, ["klm"] = {"Migum"}, ["kln"] = {"Kalenjin"}, ["klo"] = {"Kapya"}, ["klp"] = {"Kamasa"}, ["klq"] = {"Rumu"}, ["klr"] = {"Khaling"}, ["kls"] = {"Kalasha"}, ["klt"] = {"Nukna"}, ["klu"] = {"Klao"}, ["klv"] = {"Maskelynes"}, ["klw"] = {"Tado", "Lindu"}, ["klx"] = {"Koluwawa"}, ["kma"] = {"Konni"}, ["kmc"] = {"Southern Dong"}, ["kmd"] = {"Majukayang Kalinga"}, ["kme"] = {"Bakole"}, ["kmf"] = {"Kare (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kmg"] = {"Kâte"}, ["kmh"] = {"Kalam"}, ["kmi"] = {"Kami (Nigeria)"}, ["kmj"] = {"Kumarbhag Paharia"}, ["kmk"] = {"Limos Kalinga"}, ["kml"] = {"Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kmm"] = {"Kom (India)"}, ["kmn"] = {"Awtuw"}, ["kmo"] = {"Kwoma"}, ["kmp"] = {"Gimme"}, ["kmq"] = {"Kwama"}, ["kmt"] = {"Kemtuik"}, ["kmu"] = {"Kanite"}, ["kmv"] = {"Karipúna Creole French"}, ["kmw"] = {"Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kmx"] = {"Waboda"}, ["kmy"] = {"Koma"}, ["kna"] = {"Dera (Nigeria)"}, ["knb"] = {"Lubuagan Kalinga"}, ["knc"] = {"Central Kanuri"}, ["kne"] = {"Kankanaey"}, ["knf"] = {"Mankanya"}, ["kng"] = {"Koongo"}, ["kni"] = {"Kanufi"}, ["knk"] = {"Kuranko"}, ["knl"] = {"Keninjal"}, ["knp"] = {"Kwanja"}, ["knq"] = {"Kintaq"}, ["kns"] = {"Kensiu"}, ["knu"] = {"Kono (Guinea)"}, ["knv"] = {"Tabo"}, ["knx"] = {"Kendayan", "Salako"}, ["kny"] = {"Kanyok"}, ["knz"] = {"Kalamsé"}, ["koa"] = {"Konomala"}, ["koc"] = {"Kpati"}, ["kod"] = {"Kodi"}, ["kof"] = {"Kubi"}, ["koo"] = {"Konzo"}, ["kop"] = {"Waube"}, ["koq"] = {"Kota (Gabon)"}, ["kot"] = {"Lagwan"}, ["kou"] = {"Koke"}, ["kov"] = {"Kudu-Camo"}, ["kow"] = {"Kugama"}, ["koz"] = {"Korak"}, ["kpa"] = {"Kutto"}, ["kpb"] = {"Mullu Kurumba"}, ["kpd"] = {"Koba"}, ["kpf"] = {"Komba"}, ["kpi"] = {"Kofei"}, ["kpk"] = {"Kpan"}, ["kpl"] = {"Kpala"}, ["kpm"] = {"Koho"}, ["kpn"] = {"Kepkiriwát"}, ["kpo"] = {"Ikposo"}, ["kpq"] = {"Korupun-Sela"}, ["kpr"] = {"Korafe-Yegha"}, ["kps"] = {"Tehit"}, ["kpu"] = {"Kafoa"}, ["kpw"] = {"Kobon"}, ["kpx"] = {"Mountain Koiali"}, ["kpz"] = {"Kupsabiny"}, ["kqa"] = {"Mum"}, ["kqb"] = {"Kovai"}, ["kqc"] = {"Doromu-Koki"}, ["kqd"] = {"Koy Sanjaq Surat"}, ["kqe"] = {"Kalagan"}, ["kqf"] = {"Kakabai"}, ["kqg"] = {"Khe"}, ["kqh"] = {"Kisankasa"}, ["kqi"] = {"Koitabu"}, ["kqj"] = {"Koromira"}, ["kqk"] = {"Kotafon Gbe"}, ["kql"] = {"Kyenele"}, ["kqm"] = {"Khisa"}, ["kqn"] = {"Kaonde"}, ["kqo"] = {"Eastern Krahn"}, ["kqp"] = {"Kimré"}, ["kqq"] = {"Krenak"}, ["kqr"] = {"Kimaragang"}, ["kqs"] = {"Northern Kissi"}, ["kqt"] = {"Klias River Kadazan"}, ["kqu"] = {"Seroa"}, ["kqv"] = {"Okolod"}, ["kqw"] = {"Kandas"}, ["kqx"] = {"Mser"}, ["kqy"] = {"Koorete"}, ["kra"] = {"Kumhali"}, ["krb"] = {"Karkin"}, ["krd"] = {"Kairui-Midiki"}, ["kre"] = {"Panará"}, ["krf"] = {"Koro (Vanuatu)"}, ["krh"] = {"Kurama"}, ["krj"] = {"Kinaray-A"}, ["krk"] = {"Kerek"}, ["krn"] = {"Sapo"}, ["krp"] = {"Korop"}, ["krr"] = {"Krung"}, ["krs"] = {"Gbaya (Sudan)"}, ["krt"] = {"Tumari Kanuri"}, ["krv"] = {"Kavet"}, ["krw"] = {"Western Krahn"}, ["krx"] = {"Karon"}, ["krz"] = {"Sota Kanum"}, ["ksa"] = {"Shuwa-Zamani"}, ["ksb"] = {"Shambala"}, ["ksc"] = {"Southern Kalinga"}, ["kse"] = {"Kuni"}, ["ksf"] = {"Bafia"}, ["ksg"] = {"Kusaghe"}, ["ksj"] = {"Uare"}, ["ksl"] = {"Kumalu"}, ["ksm"] = {"Kumba"}, ["ksn"] = {"Kasiguranin"}, ["kso"] = {"Kofa"}, ["ksp"] = {"Kaba"}, ["ksq"] = {"Kwaami"}, ["ksr"] = {"Borong"}, ["kss"] = {"Southern Kisi"}, ["kst"] = {"Winyé"}, ["ksu"] = {"Khamyang"}, ["ksv"] = {"Kusu"}, ["ksx"] = {"Kedang"}, ["ksy"] = {"Kharia Thar"}, ["ksz"] = {"Kodaku"}, ["kta"] = {"Katua"}, ["ktb"] = {"Kambaata"}, ["ktc"] = {"Kholok"}, ["ktd"] = {"Kokata", "Kukatha"}, ["ktf"] = {"Kwami"}, ["ktg"] = {"Kalkutung"}, ["kth"] = {"Karanga"}, ["kti"] = {"North Muyu"}, ["ktj"] = {"Plapo Krumen"}, ["ktk"] = {"Kaniet"}, ["ktl"] = {"Koroshi"}, ["ktm"] = {"Kurti"}, ["ktn"] = {"Karitiâna"}, ["ktp"] = {"Kaduo"}, ["kts"] = {"South Muyu"}, ["ktt"] = {"Ketum"}, ["ktv"] = {"Eastern Katu"}, ["ktx"] = {"Kaxararí"}, ["kty"] = {"Kango (Bas-Uélé District)"}, ["ktz"] = {"Juǀʼhoan", "Juǀʼhoansi"}, ["kub"] = {"Kutep"}, ["kuc"] = {"Kwinsu"}, ["kue"] = {"Kuman (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kuf"] = {"Western Katu"}, ["kug"] = {"Kupa"}, ["kuh"] = {"Kushi"}, ["kui"] = {"Kuikúro-Kalapálo", "Kalapalo"}, ["kuj"] = {"Kuria"}, ["kul"] = {"Kulere"}, ["kun"] = {"Kunama"}, ["kuo"] = {"Kumukio"}, ["kup"] = {"Kunimaipa"}, ["kuq"] = {"Karipuna"}, ["kuv"] = {"Kur"}, ["kuw"] = {"Kpagua"}, ["kux"] = {"Kukatja"}, ["kuy"] = {"Kuuku-Ya'u"}, ["kvc"] = {"Kove"}, ["kvd"] = {"Kui (Indonesia)"}, ["kve"] = {"Kalabakan"}, ["kvf"] = {"Kabalai"}, ["kvg"] = {"Kuni-Boazi"}, ["kvi"] = {"Kwang"}, ["kvk"] = {"Korean Sign Language"}, ["kvl"] = {"Kayaw"}, ["kvp"] = {"Kompane"}, ["kvq"] = {"Geba Karen"}, ["kvt"] = {"Lahta Karen", "Lahta"}, ["kvu"] = {"Yinbaw Karen"}, ["kvw"] = {"Wersing"}, ["kvx"] = {"Parkari Koli"}, ["kvy"] = {"Yintale Karen", "Yintale"}, ["kvz"] = {"Tsakwambo", "Tsaukambo"}, ["kwa"] = {"Dâw"}, ["kwb"] = {"Kwa"}, ["kwc"] = {"Likwala"}, ["kwd"] = {"Kwaio"}, ["kwe"] = {"Kwerba"}, ["kwf"] = {"Kwara'ae"}, ["kwg"] = {"Sara Kaba Deme"}, ["kwh"] = {"Kowiai"}, ["kwj"] = {"Kwanga"}, ["kwk"] = {"Kwakiutl"}, ["kwl"] = {"Kofyar"}, ["kwm"] = {"Kwambi"}, ["kwo"] = {"Kwomtari"}, ["kwp"] = {"Kodia"}, ["kwr"] = {"Kwer"}, ["kws"] = {"Kwese"}, ["kwt"] = {"Kwesten"}, ["kwu"] = {"Kwakum"}, ["kwv"] = {"Sara Kaba Náà"}, ["kww"] = {"Kwinti"}, ["kwx"] = {"Khirwar"}, ["kwy"] = {"San Salvador Kongo"}, ["kxa"] = {"Kairiru"}, ["kxc"] = {"Konso", "Khonso"}, ["kxd"] = {"Brunei"}, ["kxf"] = {"Manumanaw Karen", "Manumanaw"}, ["kxh"] = {"Karo (Ethiopia)"}, ["kxi"] = {"Keningau Murut"}, ["kxj"] = {"Kulfa"}, ["kxk"] = {"Zayein Karen"}, ["kxm"] = {"Northern Khmer"}, ["kxn"] = {"Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau"}, ["kxp"] = {"Wadiyara Koli"}, ["kxq"] = {"Smärky Kanum"}, ["kxr"] = {"Koro (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kxs"] = {"Kangjia"}, ["kxt"] = {"Koiwat"}, ["kxv"] = {"Kuvi"}, ["kxw"] = {"Konai"}, ["kxy"] = {"Kayong"}, ["kxz"] = {"Kerewo"}, ["kya"] = {"Kwaya"}, ["kyb"] = {"Butbut Kalinga"}, ["kyc"] = {"Kyaka"}, ["kye"] = {"Krache"}, ["kyf"] = {"Kouya"}, ["kyg"] = {"Keyagana"}, ["kyi"] = {"Kiput"}, ["kyk"] = {"Kamayo"}, ["kyl"] = {"Kalapuya"}, ["kym"] = {"Kpatili"}, ["kyn"] = {"Northern Binukidnon"}, ["kyo"] = {"Kelon"}, ["kyp"] = {"Kang"}, ["kyq"] = {"Kenga"}, ["kys"] = {"Baram Kayan"}, ["kyt"] = {"Kayagar"}, ["kyu"] = {"Western Kayah"}, ["kyv"] = {"Kayort"}, ["kyw"] = {"Kudmali"}, ["kyx"] = {"Rapoisi"}, ["kyy"] = {"Kambaira"}, ["kza"] = {"Western Karaboro"}, ["kzc"] = {"Bondoukou Kulango"}, ["kzd"] = {"Kadai"}, ["kze"] = {"Kosena"}, ["kzf"] = {"Da'a Kaili"}, ["kzg"] = {"Kikai"}, ["kzi"] = {"Kelabit"}, ["kzm"] = {"Kais"}, ["kzn"] = {"Kokola"}, ["kzo"] = {"Kaningi"}, ["kzp"] = {"Kaidipang"}, ["kzq"] = {"Kaike"}, ["kzr"] = {"Karang"}, ["kzs"] = {"Sugut Dusun"}, ["kzu"] = {"Kayupulau"}, ["kzw"] = {"Karirí-Xocó"}, ["kzx"] = {"Kamarian"}, ["kzy"] = {"Kango (Tshopo District)"}, ["kzz"] = {"Kalabra"}, ["lae"] = {"Pattani"}, ["lag"] = {"Langi"}, ["lai"] = {"Lambya"}, ["laj"] = {"Lango (Uganda)"}, ["lak"] = {"Laka (Nigeria)"}, ["lal"] = {"Lalia"}, ["lan"] = {"Laru"}, ["lap"] = {"Laka (Chad)"}, ["laq"] = {"Qabiao"}, ["lar"] = {"Larteh"}, ["las"] = {"Lama (Togo)"}, ["lau"] = {"Laba"}, ["law"] = {"Lauje"}, ["lax"] = {"Tiwa"}, ["lay"] = {"Lama Bai"}, ["lbb"] = {"Label"}, ["lbc"] = {"Lakkia"}, ["lbf"] = {"Tinani"}, ["lbg"] = {"Laopang"}, ["lbi"] = {"La'bi"}, ["lbj"] = {"Ladakhi"}, ["lbk"] = {"Central Bontok"}, ["lbl"] = {"Libon Bikol"}, ["lbm"] = {"Lodhi"}, ["lbn"] = {"Rmeet"}, ["lbo"] = {"Laven"}, ["lbq"] = {"Wampar"}, ["lbr"] = {"Lohorung"}, ["lbs"] = {"Libyan Sign Language"}, ["lbt"] = {"Lachi"}, ["lbu"] = {"Labu"}, ["lbv"] = {"Lavatbura-Lamusong"}, ["lbw"] = {"Tolaki"}, ["lbx"] = {"Lawangan"}, ["lby"] = {"Lamalama", "Lamu-Lamu"}, ["lbz"] = {"Lardil"}, ["lcc"] = {"Legenyem"}, ["lcd"] = {"Lola"}, ["lce"] = {"Loncong", "Sekak"}, ["lcf"] = {"Lubu"}, ["lch"] = {"Luchazi"}, ["lcl"] = {"Lisela"}, ["lcm"] = {"Tungag"}, ["lcp"] = {"Western Lawa"}, ["lcs"] = {"Lisabata-Nuniali"}, ["lda"] = {"Kla-Dan"}, ["ldb"] = {"Dũya"}, ["ldd"] = {"Luri"}, ["ldg"] = {"Lenyima"}, ["ldh"] = {"Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"}, ["ldi"] = {"Laari"}, ["ldj"] = {"Lemoro"}, ["ldk"] = {"Leelau"}, ["ldl"] = {"Kaan"}, ["ldm"] = {"Landoma"}, ["ldp"] = {"Tso"}, ["ldq"] = {"Lufu"}, ["lea"] = {"Lega-Shabunda"}, ["leb"] = {"Lala-Bisa"}, ["lee"] = {"Lyélé"}, ["leh"] = {"Lenje"}, ["lei"] = {"Lemio"}, ["lej"] = {"Lengola"}, ["lek"] = {"Leipon"}, ["lel"] = {"Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["lem"] = {"Nomaande"}, ["leo"] = {"Leti (Cameroon)"}, ["leq"] = {"Lembena"}, ["ler"] = {"Lenkau"}, ["let"] = {"Lesing-Gelimi", "Amio-Gelimi"}, ["leu"] = {"Kara (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["lev"] = {"Lamma"}, ["lew"] = {"Ledo Kaili"}, ["lex"] = {"Luang"}, ["ley"] = {"Lemolang"}, ["lfa"] = {"Lefa"}, ["lga"] = {"Lungga"}, ["lgg"] = {"Lugbara"}, ["lgh"] = {"Laghuu"}, ["lgi"] = {"Lengilu"}, ["lgk"] = {"Lingarak", "Neverver"}, ["lgm"] = {"Lega-Mwenga"}, ["lgn"] = {"T'apo", "Opuuo"}, ["lgq"] = {"Logba"}, ["lgr"] = {"Lengo"}, ["lgt"] = {"Pahi"}, ["lgu"] = {"Longgu"}, ["lgz"] = {"Ligenza"}, ["lha"] = {"Laha (Viet Nam)"}, ["lhh"] = {"Laha (Indonesia)"}, ["lhi"] = {"Lahu Shi"}, ["lhl"] = {"Lahul Lohar"}, ["lhm"] = {"Lhomi"}, ["lhn"] = {"Lahanan"}, ["lhp"] = {"Lhokpu"}, ["lhs"] = {"Mlahsö"}, ["lht"] = {"Lo-Toga"}, ["lhu"] = {"Lahu"}, ["lia"] = {"West-Central Limba"}, ["lib"] = {"Likum"}, ["lic"] = {"Hlai"}, ["lid"] = {"Nyindrou"}, ["lie"] = {"Likila"}, ["lig"] = {"Ligbi"}, ["lih"] = {"Lihir"}, ["lik"] = {"Lika"}, ["lil"] = {"Lillooet"}, ["lio"] = {"Liki"}, ["lip"] = {"Sekpele"}, ["liq"] = {"Libido"}, ["lir"] = {"Liberian English"}, ["liu"] = {"Logorik"}, ["liw"] = {"Col"}, ["lix"] = {"Liabuku"}, ["liy"] = {"Banda-Bambari"}, ["liz"] = {"Libinza"}, ["lja"] = {"Golpa"}, ["lje"] = {"Rampi"}, ["ljw"] = {"Yirandali"}, ["ljx"] = {"Yuru"}, ["lka"] = {"Lakalei"}, ["lkb"] = {"Kabras", "Lukabaras"}, ["lkc"] = {"Kucong"}, ["lkd"] = {"Lakondê"}, ["lke"] = {"Kenyi"}, ["lkh"] = {"Lakha"}, ["lki"] = {"Laki"}, ["lkj"] = {"Remun"}, ["lkl"] = {"Laeko-Libuat"}, ["lkm"] = {"Kalaamaya"}, ["lkn"] = {"Lakon", "Vure"}, ["lko"] = {"Khayo", "Olukhayo"}, ["lkr"] = {"Päri"}, ["lks"] = {"Kisa", "Olushisa"}, ["lku"] = {"Kungkari"}, ["lky"] = {"Lokoya"}, ["lla"] = {"Lala-Roba"}, ["llb"] = {"Lolo"}, ["llc"] = {"Lele (Guinea)"}, ["lle"] = {"Lele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["llf"] = {"Hermit"}, ["llg"] = {"Lole"}, ["llh"] = {"Lamu"}, ["lli"] = {"Teke-Laali"}, ["llj"] = {"Ladji Ladji"}, ["llk"] = {"Lelak"}, ["lll"] = {"Lilau"}, ["llm"] = {"Lasalimu"}, ["lln"] = {"Lele (Chad)"}, ["llp"] = {"North Efate"}, ["llq"] = {"Lolak"}, ["lls"] = {"Lithuanian Sign Language"}, ["llu"] = {"Lau"}, ["llx"] = {"Lauan"}, ["lma"] = {"East Limba"}, ["lmb"] = {"Merei"}, ["lmc"] = {"Limilngan"}, ["lmd"] = {"Lumun"}, ["lmf"] = {"South Lembata"}, ["lmg"] = {"Lamogai"}, ["lmh"] = {"Lambichhong"}, ["lmi"] = {"Lombi"}, ["lmj"] = {"West Lembata"}, ["lmk"] = {"Lamkang"}, ["lml"] = {"Hano"}, ["lmn"] = {"Lambadi"}, ["lmp"] = {"Limbum"}, ["lmq"] = {"Lamatuka"}, ["lmr"] = {"Lamalera"}, ["lmu"] = {"Lamenu"}, ["lmw"] = {"Lake Miwok"}, ["lmx"] = {"Laimbue"}, ["lmy"] = {"Lamboya"}, ["lna"] = {"Langbashe"}, ["lnb"] = {"Mbalanhu"}, ["lnd"] = {"Lundayeh", "Lun Bawang"}, ["lnh"] = {"Lanoh"}, ["lni"] = {"Daantanai'"}, ["lnj"] = {"Leningitij"}, ["lnl"] = {"South Central Banda"}, ["lnm"] = {"Langam"}, ["lnn"] = {"Lorediakarkar"}, ["lno"] = {"Lango (South Sudan)"}, ["lns"] = {"Lamnso'"}, ["lnu"] = {"Longuda"}, ["lnw"] = {"Lanima"}, ["lnz"] = {"Lonzo"}, ["loa"] = {"Loloda"}, ["lob"] = {"Lobi"}, ["loc"] = {"Inonhan"}, ["loe"] = {"Saluan"}, ["lof"] = {"Logol"}, ["log"] = {"Logo"}, ["loi"] = {"Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["loj"] = {"Lou"}, ["lok"] = {"Loko"}, ["lon"] = {"Malawi Lomwe"}, ["loo"] = {"Lombo"}, ["lop"] = {"Lopa"}, ["loq"] = {"Lobala"}, ["lor"] = {"Téén"}, ["los"] = {"Loniu"}, ["lot"] = {"Otuho"}, ["lov"] = {"Lopi"}, ["low"] = {"Tampias Lobu"}, ["lox"] = {"Loun"}, ["loy"] = {"Loke"}, ["lpa"] = {"Lelepa"}, ["lpe"] = {"Lepki"}, ["lpn"] = {"Long Phuri Naga"}, ["lpo"] = {"Lipo"}, ["lpx"] = {"Lopit"}, ["lra"] = {"Rara Bakati'"}, ["lrc"] = {"Northern Luri"}, ["lrg"] = {"Laragia"}, ["lri"] = {"Marachi", "Olumarachi"}, ["lrk"] = {"Loarki"}, ["lrl"] = {"Lari"}, ["lrm"] = {"Marama", "Olumarama"}, ["lrn"] = {"Lorang"}, ["lro"] = {"Laro"}, ["lrr"] = {"Southern Yamphu"}, ["lrt"] = {"Larantuka Malay"}, ["lrv"] = {"Larevat"}, ["lrz"] = {"Lemerig"}, ["lsa"] = {"Lasgerdi"}, ["lsd"] = {"Lishana Deni"}, ["lse"] = {"Lusengo"}, ["lsh"] = {"Lish"}, ["lsi"] = {"Lashi"}, ["lsm"] = {"Saamia", "Olusamia"}, ["lsn"] = {"Tibetan Sign Language"}, ["lso"] = {"Laos Sign Language"}, ["lsr"] = {"Aruop"}, ["lss"] = {"Lasi"}, ["lst"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language"}, ["lsv"] = {"Sivia Sign Language"}, ["lsy"] = {"Mauritian Sign Language"}, ["lth"] = {"Thur"}, ["lti"] = {"Leti (Indonesia)"}, ["ltn"] = {"Latundê"}, ["lto"] = {"Tsotso", "Olutsotso"}, ["lts"] = {"Tachoni", "Lutachoni"}, ["ltu"] = {"Latu"}, ["luc"] = {"Aringa"}, ["lud"] = {"Ludian"}, ["lue"] = {"Luvale"}, ["luf"] = {"Laua"}, ["lul"] = {"Olu'bo"}, ["lum"] = {"Luimbi"}, ["lur"] = {"Laura"}, ["luu"] = {"Lumba-Yakkha"}, ["luv"] = {"Luwati"}, ["luw"] = {"Luo (Cameroon)"}, ["luz"] = {"Southern Luri"}, ["lva"] = {"Maku'a"}, ["lvi"] = {"Lavi"}, ["lvk"] = {"Lavukaleve"}, ["lvu"] = {"Levuka"}, ["lwa"] = {"Lwalu"}, ["lwe"] = {"Lewo Eleng"}, ["lwg"] = {"Wanga", "Oluwanga"}, ["lwh"] = {"White Lachi"}, ["lwl"] = {"Eastern Lawa"}, ["lwm"] = {"Laomian"}, ["lwo"] = {"Luwo"}, ["lwt"] = {"Lewotobi"}, ["lwu"] = {"Lawu"}, ["lww"] = {"Lewo"}, ["lya"] = {"Layakha"}, ["lyg"] = {"Lyngngam"}, ["lyn"] = {"Luyana"}, ["lzl"] = {"Litzlitz"}, ["lzn"] = {"Leinong Naga"}, ["mab"] = {"Yutanduchi Mixtec"}, ["mae"] = {"Bo-Rukul"}, ["maf"] = {"Mafa"}, ["maj"] = {"Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec"}, ["maq"] = {"Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"}, ["maw"] = {"Mampruli"}, ["max"] = {"North Moluccan Malay"}, ["mba"] = {"Higaonon"}, ["mbb"] = {"Western Bukidnon Manobo"}, ["mbd"] = {"Dibabawon Manobo"}, ["mbf"] = {"Baba Malay"}, ["mbh"] = {"Mangseng"}, ["mbi"] = {"Ilianen Manobo"}, ["mbj"] = {"Nadëb"}, ["mbk"] = {"Malol"}, ["mbl"] = {"Maxakalí"}, ["mbo"] = {"Mbo (Cameroon)"}, ["mbq"] = {"Maisin"}, ["mbs"] = {"Sarangani Manobo"}, ["mbt"] = {"Matigsalug Manobo"}, ["mbu"] = {"Mbula-Bwazza"}, ["mbx"] = {"Mari (East Sepik Province)"}, ["mby"] = {"Memoni"}, ["mbz"] = {"Amoltepec Mixtec"}, ["mca"] = {"Maca"}, ["mcc"] = {"Bitur"}, ["mce"] = {"Itundujia Mixtec"}, ["mcf"] = {"Matsés"}, ["mci"] = {"Mese"}, ["mcj"] = {"Mvanip"}, ["mcl"] = {"Macaguaje"}, ["mcn"] = {"Masana"}, ["mco"] = {"Coatlán Mixe"}, ["mcp"] = {"Makaa"}, ["mcq"] = {"Ese"}, ["mcr"] = {"Menya"}, ["mcs"] = {"Mambai"}, ["mct"] = {"Mengisa"}, ["mcu"] = {"Cameroon Mambila"}, ["mcv"] = {"Minanibai"}, ["mcw"] = {"Mawa (Chad)"}, ["mcx"] = {"Mpiemo"}, ["mcy"] = {"South Watut"}, ["mcz"] = {"Mawan"}, ["mda"] = {"Mada (Nigeria)"}, ["mdb"] = {"Morigi"}, ["mdc"] = {"Male (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdd"] = {"Mbum"}, ["mdg"] = {"Massalat"}, ["mdi"] = {"Mamvu"}, ["mdk"] = {"Mangbutu"}, ["mdl"] = {"Maltese Sign Language"}, ["mdm"] = {"Mayogo"}, ["mdn"] = {"Mbati"}, ["mdp"] = {"Mbala"}, ["mdq"] = {"Mbole"}, ["mds"] = {"Maria (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdt"] = {"Mbere"}, ["mdu"] = {"Mboko"}, ["mdv"] = {"Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"}, ["mdw"] = {"Mbosi"}, ["mdy"] = {"Male (Ethiopia)"}, ["mdz"] = {"Suruí Do Pará"}, ["mea"] = {"Menka"}, ["meb"] = {"Ikobi"}, ["mec"] = {"Marra"}, ["med"] = {"Melpa"}, ["mee"] = {"Mengen"}, ["mef"] = {"Megam"}, ["meh"] = {"Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["mej"] = {"Meyah"}, ["mek"] = {"Mekeo"}, ["mem"] = {"Mangala"}, ["meo"] = {"Kedah Malay"}, ["mep"] = {"Miriwoong"}, ["meq"] = {"Merey"}, ["mes"] = {"Masmaje"}, ["met"] = {"Mato"}, ["mev"] = {"Mano"}, ["mew"] = {"Maaka"}, ["mfa"] = {"Pattani Malay"}, ["mfb"] = {"Bangka"}, ["mfc"] = {"Mba"}, ["mfd"] = {"Mendankwe-Nkwen"}, ["mff"] = {"Naki"}, ["mfg"] = {"Mogofin"}, ["mfh"] = {"Matal"}, ["mfj"] = {"Mefele"}, ["mfl"] = {"Putai"}, ["mfn"] = {"Cross River Mbembe"}, ["mfo"] = {"Mbe"}, ["mfp"] = {"Makassar Malay"}, ["mft"] = {"Mokerang"}, ["mfu"] = {"Mbwela"}, ["mfv"] = {"Mandjak"}, ["mfw"] = {"Mulaha"}, ["mfx"] = {"Melo"}, ["mfz"] = {"Mabaan"}, ["mgb"] = {"Mararit"}, ["mgd"] = {"Moru"}, ["mge"] = {"Mango"}, ["mgf"] = {"Maklew"}, ["mgg"] = {"Mpumpong"}, ["mgh"] = {"Makhuwa-Meetto"}, ["mgi"] = {"Lijili"}, ["mgj"] = {"Abureni"}, ["mgk"] = {"Mawes"}, ["mgl"] = {"Maleu-Kilenge"}, ["mgm"] = {"Mambae"}, ["mgn"] = {"Mbangi"}, ["mgo"] = {"Meta'"}, ["mgp"] = {"Eastern Magar"}, ["mgq"] = {"Malila"}, ["mgr"] = {"Mambwe-Lungu"}, ["mgs"] = {"Manda (Tanzania)"}, ["mgt"] = {"Mongol"}, ["mgu"] = {"Mailu"}, ["mgv"] = {"Matengo"}, ["mgw"] = {"Matumbi"}, ["mgy"] = {"Mbunga"}, ["mgz"] = {"Mbugwe"}, ["mha"] = {"Manda (India)"}, ["mhb"] = {"Mahongwe"}, ["mhd"] = {"Mbugu"}, ["mhe"] = {"Besisi", "Mah Meri"}, ["mhf"] = {"Mamaa"}, ["mhg"] = {"Margu"}, ["mhi"] = {"Ma'di"}, ["mhk"] = {"Mungaka"}, ["mhl"] = {"Mauwake"}, ["mhm"] = {"Makhuwa-Moniga"}, ["mho"] = {"Mashi (Zambia)"}, ["mhp"] = {"Balinese Malay"}, ["mhq"] = {"Mandan"}, ["mhx"] = {"Maru", "Lhaovo"}, ["mhy"] = {"Ma'anyan"}, ["mhz"] = {"Mor (Mor Islands)"}, ["mib"] = {"Atatláhuca Mixtec"}, ["mie"] = {"Ocotepec Mixtec"}, ["mif"] = {"Mofu-Gudur"}, ["mih"] = {"Chayuco Mixtec"}, ["mij"] = {"Abar", "Mungbam"}, ["mim"] = {"Alacatlatzala Mixtec"}, ["mio"] = {"Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"}, ["mip"] = {"Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"}, ["mir"] = {"Isthmus Mixe"}, ["miu"] = {"Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"}, ["miw"] = {"Akoye"}, ["mix"] = {"Mixtepec Mixtec"}, ["miy"] = {"Ayutla Mixtec"}, ["miz"] = {"Coatzospan Mixtec"}, ["mjd"] = {"Northwest Maidu"}, ["mje"] = {"Muskum"}, ["mjh"] = {"Mwera (Nyasa)"}, ["mji"] = {"Kim Mun"}, ["mjj"] = {"Mawak"}, ["mjk"] = {"Matukar"}, ["mjl"] = {"Mandeali"}, ["mjm"] = {"Medebur"}, ["mjn"] = {"Ma (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mjo"] = {"Malankuravan"}, ["mjp"] = {"Malapandaram"}, ["mjq"] = {"Malaryan"}, ["mjr"] = {"Malavedan"}, ["mjs"] = {"Miship"}, ["mju"] = {"Manna-Dora"}, ["mjv"] = {"Mannan"}, ["mjx"] = {"Mahali"}, ["mjy"] = {"Mahican"}, ["mjz"] = {"Majhi"}, ["mka"] = {"Mbre"}, ["mkb"] = {"Mal Paharia"}, ["mkc"] = {"Siliput"}, ["mke"] = {"Mawchi"}, ["mkf"] = {"Miya"}, ["mkg"] = {"Mak (China)"}, ["mkk"] = {"Byep"}, ["mkl"] = {"Mokole"}, ["mkm"] = {"Moklen"}, ["mkn"] = {"Kupang Malay"}, ["mko"] = {"Mingang Doso"}, ["mkp"] = {"Moikodi"}, ["mkq"] = {"Bay Miwok"}, ["mkr"] = {"Malas"}, ["mks"] = {"Silacayoapan Mixtec"}, ["mkt"] = {"Vamale"}, ["mku"] = {"Konyanka Maninka"}, ["mkv"] = {"Mafea"}, ["mkx"] = {"Kinamiging Manobo"}, ["mky"] = {"East Makian"}, ["mla"] = {"Malo"}, ["mlb"] = {"Mbule"}, ["mlc"] = {"Cao Lan"}, ["mlf"] = {"Mal"}, ["mlh"] = {"Mape"}, ["mli"] = {"Malimpung"}, ["mlj"] = {"Miltu"}, ["mlk"] = {"Ilwana", "Kiwilwana"}, ["mll"] = {"Malua Bay"}, ["mlm"] = {"Mulam"}, ["mln"] = {"Malango"}, ["mlp"] = {"Bargam"}, ["mlq"] = {"Western Maninkakan"}, ["mlr"] = {"Vame"}, ["mls"] = {"Masalit"}, ["mlu"] = {"To'abaita"}, ["mlv"] = {"Motlav", "Mwotlap"}, ["mlw"] = {"Moloko"}, ["mlx"] = {"Malfaxal", "Naha'ai"}, ["mlz"] = {"Malaynon"}, ["mma"] = {"Mama"}, ["mmb"] = {"Momina"}, ["mmd"] = {"Maonan"}, ["mme"] = {"Mae"}, ["mmg"] = {"North Ambrym"}, ["mmi"] = {"Musar"}, ["mmj"] = {"Majhwar"}, ["mmk"] = {"Mukha-Dora"}, ["mml"] = {"Man Met"}, ["mmm"] = {"Maii"}, ["mmn"] = {"Mamanwa"}, ["mmo"] = {"Mangga Buang"}, ["mmp"] = {"Siawi"}, ["mmq"] = {"Musak"}, ["mmr"] = {"Western Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mmt"] = {"Malalamai"}, ["mmu"] = {"Mmaala"}, ["mmv"] = {"Miriti"}, ["mmw"] = {"Emae"}, ["mmx"] = {"Madak"}, ["mmz"] = {"Mabaale"}, ["mna"] = {"Mbula"}, ["mnd"] = {"Mondé"}, ["mne"] = {"Naba"}, ["mnf"] = {"Mundani"}, ["mnj"] = {"Munji"}, ["mnm"] = {"Mapena"}, ["mnn"] = {"Southern Mnong"}, ["mnq"] = {"Minriq"}, ["mnu"] = {"Mer"}, ["mnv"] = {"Rennell-Bellona"}, ["mnx"] = {"Manikion"}, ["mny"] = {"Manyawa"}, ["mnz"] = {"Moni"}, ["moa"] = {"Mwan"}, ["mog"] = {"Mongondow"}, ["moi"] = {"Mboi"}, ["moj"] = {"Monzombo"}, ["moo"] = {"Monom"}, ["mor"] = {"Moro"}, ["mou"] = {"Mogum"}, ["mov"] = {"Mohave"}, ["mow"] = {"Moi (Congo)"}, ["mox"] = {"Molima"}, ["moy"] = {"Shekkacho"}, ["moz"] = {"Mukulu", "Gergiko"}, ["mpa"] = {"Mpoto"}, ["mpb"] = {"Malak Malak", "Mullukmulluk"}, ["mpc"] = {"Mangarrayi"}, ["mpd"] = {"Machinere"}, ["mpg"] = {"Marba"}, ["mph"] = {"Maung"}, ["mpi"] = {"Mpade"}, ["mpj"] = {"Martu Wangka", "Wangkajunga"}, ["mpl"] = {"Middle Watut"}, ["mpn"] = {"Mindiri"}, ["mpo"] = {"Miu"}, ["mpp"] = {"Migabac"}, ["mpq"] = {"Matís"}, ["mpr"] = {"Vangunu"}, ["mps"] = {"Dadibi"}, ["mpt"] = {"Mian"}, ["mpu"] = {"Makuráp"}, ["mpv"] = {"Mungkip"}, ["mpw"] = {"Mapidian"}, ["mpx"] = {"Misima-Panaeati"}, ["mpz"] = {"Mpi"}, ["mqa"] = {"Maba (Indonesia)"}, ["mqb"] = {"Mbuko"}, ["mqc"] = {"Mangole"}, ["mqe"] = {"Matepi"}, ["mqf"] = {"Momuna"}, ["mqg"] = {"Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"}, ["mqh"] = {"Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["mqi"] = {"Mariri"}, ["mqj"] = {"Mamasa"}, ["mqk"] = {"Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"}, ["mql"] = {"Mbelime"}, ["mqn"] = {"Moronene"}, ["mqp"] = {"Manipa"}, ["mqq"] = {"Minokok"}, ["mqs"] = {"West Makian"}, ["mqt"] = {"Mok"}, ["mqu"] = {"Mandari"}, ["mqv"] = {"Mosimo"}, ["mqw"] = {"Murupi"}, ["mqx"] = {"Mamuju"}, ["mqz"] = {"Pano"}, ["mra"] = {"Mlabri"}, ["mrb"] = {"Marino"}, ["mrd"] = {"Western Magar"}, ["mre"] = {"Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"}, ["mrh"] = {"Mara Chin"}, ["mrk"] = {"Hmwaveke"}, ["mrl"] = {"Mortlockese"}, ["mrm"] = {"Merlav", "Mwerlap"}, ["mrn"] = {"Cheke Holo"}, ["mro"] = {"Mru"}, ["mrp"] = {"Morouas"}, ["mrs"] = {"Maragus"}, ["mrt"] = {"Marghi Central"}, ["mru"] = {"Mono (Cameroon)"}, ["mry"] = {"Mandaya"}, ["mrz"] = {"Marind"}, ["msc"] = {"Sankaran Maninka"}, ["msf"] = {"Mekwei"}, ["msg"] = {"Moraid"}, ["msh"] = {"Masikoro Malagasy"}, ["msi"] = {"Sabah Malay"}, ["msj"] = {"Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["msk"] = {"Mansaka"}, ["msm"] = {"Agusan Manobo"}, ["msn"] = {"Vurës"}, ["mso"] = {"Mombum"}, ["msp"] = {"Maritsauá"}, ["msq"] = {"Caac"}, ["mss"] = {"West Masela"}, ["msu"] = {"Musom"}, ["msv"] = {"Maslam"}, ["msw"] = {"Mansoanka"}, ["msx"] = {"Moresada"}, ["msy"] = {"Aruamu"}, ["msz"] = {"Momare"}, ["mta"] = {"Cotabato Manobo"}, ["mtb"] = {"Anyin Morofo"}, ["mtc"] = {"Munit"}, ["mtd"] = {"Mualang"}, ["mtf"] = {"Murik (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtg"] = {"Una"}, ["mth"] = {"Munggui"}, ["mti"] = {"Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtj"] = {"Moskona"}, ["mtk"] = {"Mbe'"}, ["mtl"] = {"Montol"}, ["mtm"] = {"Mator"}, ["mtr"] = {"Mewari"}, ["mts"] = {"Yora"}, ["mtt"] = {"Mota"}, ["mtu"] = {"Tututepec Mixtec"}, ["mtv"] = {"Asaro'o"}, ["mtw"] = {"Southern Binukidnon"}, ["mtx"] = {"Tidaá Mixtec"}, ["mty"] = {"Nabi"}, ["mua"] = {"Mundang"}, ["mub"] = {"Mubi"}, ["muc"] = {"Ajumbu"}, ["mud"] = {"Mednyj Aleut"}, ["mug"] = {"Musgu"}, ["muh"] = {"Mündü"}, ["mui"] = {"Musi"}, ["muj"] = {"Mabire"}, ["muk"] = {"Mugom"}, ["mum"] = {"Maiwala"}, ["muo"] = {"Nyong"}, ["mup"] = {"Malvi"}, ["muq"] = {"Eastern Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mut"] = {"Western Muria"}, ["muu"] = {"Yaaku"}, ["muv"] = {"Muthuvan"}, ["mux"] = {"Bo-Ung"}, ["muy"] = {"Muyang"}, ["mva"] = {"Manam"}, ["mvd"] = {"Mamboru"}, ["mve"] = {"Marwari (Pakistan)"}, ["mvf"] = {"Peripheral Mongolian"}, ["mvg"] = {"Yucuañe Mixtec"}, ["mvh"] = {"Mulgi"}, ["mvk"] = {"Mekmek"}, ["mvl"] = {"Mbara (Australia)"}, ["mvm"] = {"Muya"}, ["mvn"] = {"Minaveha"}, ["mvo"] = {"Marovo"}, ["mvp"] = {"Duri"}, ["mvq"] = {"Moere"}, ["mvr"] = {"Marau"}, ["mvt"] = {"Mpotovoro"}, ["mvu"] = {"Marfa"}, ["mvw"] = {"Machinga"}, ["mvx"] = {"Meoswar"}, ["mvy"] = {"Indus Kohistani"}, ["mvz"] = {"Mesqan"}, ["mwb"] = {"Juwal"}, ["mwe"] = {"Mwera (Chimwera)"}, ["mwf"] = {"Murrinh-Patha"}, ["mwg"] = {"Aiklep"}, ["mwh"] = {"Mouk-Aria"}, ["mwi"] = {"Labo", "Ninde"}, ["mwk"] = {"Kita Maninkakan"}, ["mwn"] = {"Nyamwanga"}, ["mwo"] = {"Central Maewo"}, ["mwp"] = {"Kala Lagaw Ya"}, ["mwq"] = {"Mün Chin"}, ["mws"] = {"Mwimbi-Muthambi"}, ["mwt"] = {"Moken"}, ["mwu"] = {"Mittu"}, ["mww"] = {"Hmong Daw"}, ["mwz"] = {"Moingi"}, ["mxa"] = {"Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"}, ["mxc"] = {"Manyika"}, ["mxd"] = {"Modang"}, ["mxe"] = {"Mele-Fila"}, ["mxf"] = {"Malgbe"}, ["mxg"] = {"Mbangala"}, ["mxh"] = {"Mvuba"}, ["mxl"] = {"Maxi Gbe"}, ["mxm"] = {"Meramera"}, ["mxn"] = {"Moi (Indonesia)"}, ["mxo"] = {"Mbowe"}, ["mxp"] = {"Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"}, ["mxq"] = {"Juquila Mixe"}, ["mxr"] = {"Murik (Malaysia)"}, ["mxs"] = {"Huitepec Mixtec"}, ["mxt"] = {"Jamiltepec Mixtec"}, ["mxu"] = {"Mada (Cameroon)"}, ["mxv"] = {"Metlatónoc Mixtec"}, ["mxw"] = {"Namo"}, ["mxx"] = {"Mahou", "Mawukakan"}, ["mxy"] = {"Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"}, ["mxz"] = {"Central Masela"}, ["myb"] = {"Mbay"}, ["myc"] = {"Mayeka"}, ["myf"] = {"Bambassi"}, ["myh"] = {"Makah"}, ["myj"] = {"Mangayat"}, ["myk"] = {"Mamara Senoufo"}, ["myl"] = {"Moma"}, ["myo"] = {"Anfillo"}, ["mys"] = {"Mesmes"}, ["myw"] = {"Muyuw"}, ["myy"] = {"Macuna"}, ["mzc"] = {"Madagascar Sign Language"}, ["mzd"] = {"Malimba"}, ["mze"] = {"Morawa"}, ["mzg"] = {"Monastic Sign Language"}, ["mzh"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"}, ["mzi"] = {"Ixcatlán Mazatec"}, ["mzj"] = {"Manya"}, ["mzk"] = {"Nigeria Mambila"}, ["mzl"] = {"Mazatlán Mixe"}, ["mzo"] = {"Matipuhy"}, ["mzq"] = {"Mori Atas"}, ["mzt"] = {"Mintil"}, ["mzu"] = {"Inapang"}, ["mzv"] = {"Manza"}, ["mzw"] = {"Deg"}, ["mzy"] = {"Mozambican Sign Language"}, ["mzz"] = {"Maiadomu"}, ["nac"] = {"Narak"}, ["naf"] = {"Nabak"}, ["nag"] = {"Naga Pidgin"}, ["naj"] = {"Nalu"}, ["nak"] = {"Nakanai"}, ["nal"] = {"Nalik"}, ["nao"] = {"Naaba"}, ["nar"] = {"Iguta"}, ["nas"] = {"Naasioi"}, ["nat"] = {"Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱", "Hungworo"}, ["nax"] = {"Nakwi"}, ["nba"] = {"Nyemba"}, ["nbb"] = {"Ndoe"}, ["nbc"] = {"Chang Naga"}, ["nbd"] = {"Ngbinda"}, ["nbe"] = {"Konyak Naga"}, ["nbh"] = {"Ngamo"}, ["nbi"] = {"Mao Naga"}, ["nbj"] = {"Ngarinyman"}, ["nbk"] = {"Nake"}, ["nbm"] = {"Ngbaka Ma'bo"}, ["nbn"] = {"Kuri"}, ["nbo"] = {"Nkukoli"}, ["nbp"] = {"Nnam"}, ["nbq"] = {"Nggem"}, ["nbr"] = {"Numana"}, ["nbs"] = {"Namibian Sign Language"}, ["nbt"] = {"Na"}, ["nbu"] = {"Rongmei Naga"}, ["nbv"] = {"Ngamambo"}, ["nbw"] = {"Southern Ngbandi"}, ["nby"] = {"Ningera"}, ["ncc"] = {"Ponam"}, ["ncd"] = {"Nachering"}, ["ncf"] = {"Notsi"}, ["ncg"] = {"Nisga'a"}, ["nck"] = {"Na-kara"}, ["ncm"] = {"Nambo"}, ["ncn"] = {"Nauna"}, ["nco"] = {"Sibe"}, ["ncq"] = {"Northern Katang"}, ["ncr"] = {"Ncane"}, ["nct"] = {"Chothe Naga"}, ["ncu"] = {"Chumburung"}, ["nda"] = {"Ndasa"}, ["ndb"] = {"Kenswei Nsei"}, ["ndg"] = {"Ndengereko"}, ["ndh"] = {"Ndali"}, ["ndi"] = {"Samba Leko"}, ["ndj"] = {"Ndamba"}, ["ndk"] = {"Ndaka"}, ["ndl"] = {"Ndolo"}, ["ndm"] = {"Ndam"}, ["ndn"] = {"Ngundi"}, ["ndp"] = {"Ndo"}, ["ndq"] = {"Ndombe"}, ["ndr"] = {"Ndoola"}, ["ndt"] = {"Ndunga"}, ["ndu"] = {"Dugun"}, ["ndv"] = {"Ndut"}, ["ndw"] = {"Ndobo"}, ["ndx"] = {"Nduga"}, ["ndy"] = {"Lutos"}, ["ndz"] = {"Ndogo"}, ["neb"] = {"Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["nec"] = {"Nedebang"}, ["ned"] = {"Nde-Gbite"}, ["nee"] = {"Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak"}, ["nef"] = {"Nefamese"}, ["neg"] = {"Negidal"}, ["neh"] = {"Nyenkha"}, ["nej"] = {"Neko"}, ["neo"] = {"Ná-Meo"}, ["neq"] = {"North Central Mixe"}, ["ner"] = {"Yahadian"}, ["nes"] = {"Bhoti Kinnauri"}, ["net"] = {"Nete"}, ["nev"] = {"Nyaheun"}, ["nex"] = {"Neme"}, ["nfa"] = {"Dhao"}, ["nfd"] = {"Ahwai"}, ["nfl"] = {"Ayiwo", "Äiwoo"}, ["nfu"] = {"Mfumte"}, ["nga"] = {"Ngbaka"}, ["ngb"] = {"Northern Ngbandi"}, ["ngc"] = {"Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["ngd"] = {"Ngando (Central African Republic)"}, ["nge"] = {"Ngemba"}, ["ngf"] = {"Trans-New Guinea languages"}, ["ngg"] = {"Ngbaka Manza"}, ["ngi"] = {"Ngizim"}, ["ngj"] = {"Ngie"}, ["ngk"] = {"Dalabon"}, ["ngl"] = {"Lomwe"}, ["ngn"] = {"Ngwo"}, ["ngo"] = {"Ngoni"}, ["ngp"] = {"Ngulu"}, ["ngq"] = {"Ngurimi", "Ngoreme"}, ["ngr"] = {"Engdewu"}, ["ngs"] = {"Gvoko"}, ["ngt"] = {"Kriang", "Ngeq"}, ["ngv"] = {"Nagumi"}, ["ngw"] = {"Ngwaba"}, ["ngy"] = {"Tibea"}, ["ngz"] = {"Ngungwel"}, ["nha"] = {"Nhanda"}, ["nhb"] = {"Beng"}, ["nhf"] = {"Nhuwala"}, ["nhh"] = {"Nahari"}, ["nho"] = {"Takuu"}, ["nhq"] = {"Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"}, ["nhr"] = {"Naro"}, ["nhu"] = {"Noone"}, ["nhz"] = {"Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"}, ["nib"] = {"Nakame"}, ["nid"] = {"Ngandi"}, ["nie"] = {"Niellim"}, ["nif"] = {"Nek"}, ["nig"] = {"Ngalakgan"}, ["nih"] = {"Nyiha (Tanzania)"}, ["nii"] = {"Nii"}, ["nij"] = {"Ngaju"}, ["nik"] = {"Southern Nicobarese"}, ["nim"] = {"Nilamba"}, ["nin"] = {"Ninzo"}, ["niq"] = {"Nandi"}, ["nir"] = {"Nimboran"}, ["nis"] = {"Nimi"}, ["nit"] = {"Southeastern Kolami"}, ["niw"] = {"Nimo"}, ["nix"] = {"Hema"}, ["niy"] = {"Ngiti"}, ["niz"] = {"Ningil"}, ["nja"] = {"Nzanyi"}, ["njb"] = {"Nocte Naga"}, ["njd"] = {"Ndonde Hamba"}, ["njh"] = {"Lotha Naga"}, ["nji"] = {"Gudanji"}, ["njj"] = {"Njen"}, ["njl"] = {"Njalgulgule"}, ["njm"] = {"Angami Naga"}, ["njn"] = {"Liangmai Naga"}, ["njr"] = {"Njerep"}, ["njs"] = {"Nisa"}, ["njt"] = {"Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"}, ["nju"] = {"Ngadjunmaya"}, ["njx"] = {"Kunyi"}, ["njy"] = {"Njyem"}, ["njz"] = {"Nyishi"}, ["nka"] = {"Nkoya"}, ["nkb"] = {"Khoibu Naga"}, ["nkd"] = {"Koireng"}, ["nke"] = {"Duke"}, ["nkf"] = {"Inpui Naga"}, ["nkg"] = {"Nekgini"}, ["nkh"] = {"Khezha Naga"}, ["nki"] = {"Thangal Naga"}, ["nkj"] = {"Nakai"}, ["nkk"] = {"Nokuku"}, ["nkm"] = {"Namat"}, ["nkn"] = {"Nkangala"}, ["nko"] = {"Nkonya"}, ["nkp"] = {"Niuatoputapu"}, ["nkq"] = {"Nkami"}, ["nks"] = {"North Asmat"}, ["nkt"] = {"Nyika (Tanzania)"}, ["nku"] = {"Bouna Kulango"}, ["nkv"] = {"Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)"}, ["nkw"] = {"Nkutu"}, ["nkx"] = {"Nkoroo"}, ["nkz"] = {"Nkari"}, ["nla"] = {"Ngombale"}, ["nlc"] = {"Nalca"}, ["nle"] = {"East Nyala"}, ["nli"] = {"Grangali"}, ["nlj"] = {"Nyali"}, ["nlk"] = {"Ninia Yali"}, ["nlm"] = {"Mankiyali"}, ["nlq"] = {"Lao Naga"}, ["nlw"] = {"Walangama"}, ["nlx"] = {"Nahali"}, ["nly"] = {"Nyamal"}, ["nlz"] = {"Nalögo"}, ["nmb"] = {"Big Nambas", "V'ënen Taut"}, ["nmc"] = {"Ngam"}, ["nme"] = {"Mzieme Naga"}, ["nmf"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (India)"}, ["nmh"] = {"Monsang Naga"}, ["nmi"] = {"Nyam"}, ["nmj"] = {"Ngombe (Central African Republic)"}, ["nmk"] = {"Namakura"}, ["nml"] = {"Ndemli"}, ["nmm"] = {"Manangba"}, ["nmo"] = {"Moyon Naga"}, ["nmp"] = {"Nimanbur"}, ["nmq"] = {"Nambya"}, ["nmr"] = {"Nimbari"}, ["nms"] = {"Letemboi"}, ["nmt"] = {"Namonuito"}, ["nmu"] = {"Northeast Maidu"}, ["nmv"] = {"Ngamini"}, ["nmw"] = {"Nimoa", "Rifao"}, ["nmx"] = {"Nama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["nmy"] = {"Namuyi"}, ["nmz"] = {"Nawdm"}, ["nnc"] = {"Nancere"}, ["nnd"] = {"West Ambae"}, ["nne"] = {"Ngandyera"}, ["nnf"] = {"Ngaing"}, ["nng"] = {"Maring Naga"}, ["nnh"] = {"Ngiemboon"}, ["nni"] = {"North Nuaulu"}, ["nnj"] = {"Nyangatom"}, ["nnk"] = {"Nankina"}, ["nnl"] = {"Northern Rengma Naga"}, ["nnm"] = {"Namia"}, ["nnn"] = {"Ngete"}, ["nnp"] = {"Wancho Naga"}, ["nnq"] = {"Ngindo"}, ["nnr"] = {"Narungga"}, ["nnv"] = {"Nugunu (Australia)"}, ["nnw"] = {"Southern Nuni"}, ["nny"] = {"Nyangga"}, ["nnz"] = {"Nda'nda'"}, ["noc"] = {"Nuk"}, ["noe"] = {"Nimadi"}, ["nof"] = {"Nomane"}, ["noh"] = {"Nomu"}, ["noi"] = {"Noiri"}, ["nol"] = {"Nomlaki"}, ["nom"] = {"Nocamán"}, ["nop"] = {"Numanggang"}, ["noq"] = {"Ngongo"}, ["nou"] = {"Ewage-Notu"}, ["now"] = {"Nyambo"}, ["noy"] = {"Noy"}, ["noz"] = {"Nayi"}, ["npa"] = {"Nar Phu"}, ["npb"] = {"Nupbikha"}, ["npg"] = {"Ponyo-Gongwang Naga"}, ["nph"] = {"Phom Naga"}, ["npi"] = {"Nepali (individual language)"}, ["npl"] = {"Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["npn"] = {"Mondropolon"}, ["npo"] = {"Pochuri Naga"}, ["nps"] = {"Nipsan"}, ["npu"] = {"Puimei Naga"}, ["npx"] = {"Noipx"}, ["npy"] = {"Napu"}, ["nqg"] = {"Southern Nago"}, ["nqk"] = {"Kura Ede Nago"}, ["nql"] = {"Ngendelengo"}, ["nqm"] = {"Ndom"}, ["nqn"] = {"Nen"}, ["nqo"] = {"N'Ko", "N’Ko"}, ["nqq"] = {"Kyan-Karyaw Naga"}, ["nqy"] = {"Akyaung Ari Naga"}, ["nra"] = {"Ngom"}, ["nre"] = {"Southern Rengma Naga"}, ["nrg"] = {"Narango"}, ["nri"] = {"Chokri Naga"}, ["nrk"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nrl"] = {"Ngarluma"}, ["nrm"] = {"Narom"}, ["nrr"] = {"Norra", "Nora"}, ["nrt"] = {"Northern Kalapuya"}, ["nru"] = {"Narua"}, ["nrx"] = {"Ngurmbur"}, ["nrz"] = {"Lala"}, ["nsa"] = {"Sangtam Naga"}, ["nsb"] = {"Lower Nossob"}, ["nsc"] = {"Nshi"}, ["nsd"] = {"Southern Nisu"}, ["nse"] = {"Nsenga"}, ["nsf"] = {"Northwestern Nisu"}, ["nsg"] = {"Ngasa"}, ["nsh"] = {"Ngoshie"}, ["nsi"] = {"Nigerian Sign Language"}, ["nsl"] = {"Norwegian Sign Language"}, ["nsm"] = {"Sumi Naga"}, ["nsn"] = {"Nehan"}, ["nsp"] = {"Nepalese Sign Language"}, ["nsq"] = {"Northern Sierra Miwok"}, ["nsr"] = {"Maritime Sign Language"}, ["nss"] = {"Nali"}, ["nst"] = {"Tase Naga"}, ["nsv"] = {"Southwestern Nisu"}, ["nsw"] = {"Navut"}, ["nsx"] = {"Nsongo"}, ["nsz"] = {"Nisenan"}, ["ntd"] = {"Northern Tidung"}, ["nte"] = {"Nathembo"}, ["ntg"] = {"Ngantangarra"}, ["nti"] = {"Natioro"}, ["ntj"] = {"Ngaanyatjarra"}, ["ntk"] = {"Ikoma-Nata-Isenye"}, ["ntm"] = {"Nateni"}, ["ntr"] = {"Delo"}, ["ntu"] = {"Natügu"}, ["ntw"] = {"Nottoway"}, ["ntx"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)"}, ["nty"] = {"Mantsi"}, ["ntz"] = {"Natanzi"}, ["nua"] = {"Yuanga"}, ["nud"] = {"Ngala"}, ["nue"] = {"Ngundu"}, ["nuf"] = {"Nusu"}, ["nug"] = {"Nungali"}, ["nuh"] = {"Ndunda"}, ["nuj"] = {"Nyole"}, ["nul"] = {"Nusa Laut"}, ["num"] = {"Niuafo'ou"}, ["nun"] = {"Anong"}, ["nuo"] = {"Nguôn"}, ["nup"] = {"Nupe-Nupe-Tako"}, ["nuq"] = {"Nukumanu"}, ["nur"] = {"Nukuria"}, ["nus"] = {"Nuer"}, ["nut"] = {"Nung (Viet Nam)"}, ["nuu"] = {"Ngbundu"}, ["nuv"] = {"Northern Nuni"}, ["nuw"] = {"Nguluwan"}, ["nux"] = {"Mehek"}, ["nuy"] = {"Nunggubuyu"}, ["nvh"] = {"Nasarian"}, ["nvm"] = {"Namiae"}, ["nvo"] = {"Nyokon"}, ["nwb"] = {"Nyabwa"}, ["nwe"] = {"Ngwe"}, ["nwg"] = {"Ngayawung"}, ["nwi"] = {"Southwest Tanna"}, ["nwm"] = {"Nyamusa-Molo"}, ["nwo"] = {"Nauo"}, ["nwr"] = {"Nawaru"}, ["nwx"] = {"Middle Newar"}, ["nwy"] = {"Nottoway-Meherrin"}, ["nxa"] = {"Nauete"}, ["nxd"] = {"Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["nxi"] = {"Nindi"}, ["nxk"] = {"Koki Naga"}, ["nxl"] = {"South Nuaulu"}, ["nxm"] = {"Numidian"}, ["nxn"] = {"Ngawun"}, ["nxo"] = {"Ndambomo"}, ["nxq"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nxr"] = {"Ninggerum"}, ["nxx"] = {"Nafri"}, ["nyc"] = {"Nyanga-li"}, ["nyd"] = {"Nyore", "Olunyole"}, ["nye"] = {"Nyengo"}, ["nyf"] = {"Giryama", "Kigiryama"}, ["nyg"] = {"Nyindu"}, ["nyh"] = {"Nyikina"}, ["nyi"] = {"Ama (Sudan)"}, ["nyj"] = {"Nyanga"}, ["nyk"] = {"Nyaneka"}, ["nyl"] = {"Nyeu"}, ["nyp"] = {"Nyang'i"}, ["nyq"] = {"Nayini"}, ["nyr"] = {"Nyiha (Malawi)"}, ["nys"] = {"Nyungar"}, ["nyt"] = {"Nyawaygi"}, ["nyu"] = {"Nyungwe"}, ["nyv"] = {"Nyulnyul"}, ["nyw"] = {"Nyaw"}, ["nyx"] = {"Nganyaywana"}, ["nyy"] = {"Nyakyusa-Ngonde"}, ["nza"] = {"Tigon Mbembe"}, ["nzb"] = {"Njebi"}, ["nzd"] = {"Nzadi"}, ["nzk"] = {"Nzakara"}, ["nzm"] = {"Zeme Naga"}, ["nzu"] = {"Teke-Nzikou"}, ["nzy"] = {"Nzakambay"}, ["nzz"] = {"Nanga Dama Dogon"}, ["oaa"] = {"Orok"}, ["oav"] = {"Old Avar"}, ["obk"] = {"Southern Bontok"}, ["obo"] = {"Obo Manobo"}, ["obu"] = {"Obulom"}, ["oda"] = {"Odut"}, ["odk"] = {"Od"}, ["odu"] = {"Odual"}, ["ofo"] = {"Ofo"}, ["ogb"] = {"Ogbia"}, ["ogc"] = {"Ogbah"}, ["ogg"] = {"Ogbogolo"}, ["ogo"] = {"Khana"}, ["ogu"] = {"Ogbronuagum"}, ["ohu"] = {"Old Hungarian"}, ["oin"] = {"Inebu One"}, ["ojb"] = {"Northwestern Ojibwa"}, ["ojc"] = {"Central Ojibwa"}, ["ojg"] = {"Eastern Ojibwa"}, ["ojs"] = {"Severn Ojibwa"}, ["ojv"] = {"Ontong Java"}, ["ojw"] = {"Western Ojibwa"}, ["okb"] = {"Okobo"}, ["oke"] = {"Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"}, ["okg"] = {"Koko Babangk"}, ["okh"] = {"Koresh-e Rostam"}, ["okk"] = {"Kwamtim One"}, ["okl"] = {"Old Kentish Sign Language"}, ["okn"] = {"Oki-No-Erabu"}, ["okr"] = {"Kirike"}, ["oku"] = {"Oku"}, ["okv"] = {"Orokaiva"}, ["okx"] = {"Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"}, ["ola"] = {"Walungge"}, ["old"] = {"Mochi"}, ["ole"] = {"Olekha"}, ["olk"] = {"Olkol"}, ["olm"] = {"Oloma"}, ["olo"] = {"Livvi"}, ["olr"] = {"Olrat"}, ["olu"] = {"Kuvale"}, ["omb"] = {"East Ambae"}, ["omi"] = {"Omi"}, ["omk"] = {"Omok"}, ["oml"] = {"Ombo"}, ["omo"] = {"Utarmbung"}, ["omp"] = {"Old Manipuri"}, ["omq"] = {"Oto-Manguean languages"}, ["omr"] = {"Old Marathi"}, ["omt"] = {"Omotik"}, ["omw"] = {"South Tairora"}, ["omx"] = {"Old Mon"}, ["onb"] = {"Lingao"}, ["ong"] = {"Olo"}, ["oni"] = {"Onin"}, ["onj"] = {"Onjob"}, ["onk"] = {"Kabore One"}, ["onn"] = {"Onobasulu"}, ["onp"] = {"Sartang"}, ["onr"] = {"Northern One"}, ["ons"] = {"Ono"}, ["ont"] = {"Ontenu"}, ["onu"] = {"Unua"}, ["onx"] = {"Onin Based Pidgin"}, ["oog"] = {"Ong"}, ["oor"] = {"Oorlams"}, ["oos"] = {"Old Ossetic"}, ["opa"] = {"Okpamheri"}, ["opk"] = {"Kopkaka"}, ["opo"] = {"Opao"}, ["orc"] = {"Orma"}, ["org"] = {"Oring"}, ["orh"] = {"Oroqen"}, ["orn"] = {"Orang Kanaq"}, ["oro"] = {"Orokolo"}, ["ors"] = {"Orang Seletar"}, ["ort"] = {"Adivasi Oriya"}, ["oru"] = {"Ormuri"}, ["orw"] = {"Oro Win"}, ["orx"] = {"Oro"}, ["orz"] = {"Ormu"}, ["oso"] = {"Ososo"}, ["osu"] = {"Southern One"}, ["otd"] = {"Ot Danum"}, ["otn"] = {"Tenango Otomi"}, ["otr"] = {"Otoro"}, ["otu"] = {"Otuke"}, ["otx"] = {"Texcatepec Otomi"}, ["oua"] = {"Tagargrent"}, ["oub"] = {"Glio-Oubi"}, ["oue"] = {"Oune"}, ["oum"] = {"Ouma"}, ["oyb"] = {"Oy"}, ["oyd"] = {"Oyda"}, ["oyy"] = {"Oya'oya"}, ["ozm"] = {"Koonzime"}, ["pac"] = {"Pacoh"}, ["pae"] = {"Pagibete"}, ["paf"] = {"Paranawát"}, ["pai"] = {"Pe"}, ["pak"] = {"Parakanã"}, ["paq"] = {"Parya"}, ["pas"] = {"Papasena"}, ["pat"] = {"Papitalai"}, ["pav"] = {"Pakaásnovos"}, ["pax"] = {"Pankararé"}, ["pbe"] = {"Mezontla Popoloca"}, ["pbf"] = {"Coyotepec Popoloca"}, ["pbi"] = {"Parkwa"}, ["pbl"] = {"Mak (Nigeria)"}, ["pbm"] = {"Puebla Mazatec"}, ["pbn"] = {"Kpasam"}, ["pbo"] = {"Papel"}, ["pbp"] = {"Badyara"}, ["pbr"] = {"Pangwa"}, ["pbs"] = {"Central Pame"}, ["pbt"] = {"Southern Pashto"}, ["pbu"] = {"Northern Pashto"}, ["pbv"] = {"Pnar"}, ["pby"] = {"Pyu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pca"] = {"Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"}, ["pcb"] = {"Pear"}, ["pcc"] = {"Bouyei"}, ["pce"] = {"Ruching Palaung"}, ["pcf"] = {"Paliyan"}, ["pcg"] = {"Paniya"}, ["pci"] = {"Duruwa"}, ["pcj"] = {"Parenga"}, ["pcl"] = {"Pardhi"}, ["pcm"] = {"Nigerian Pidgin"}, ["pcn"] = {"Piti"}, ["pcw"] = {"Pyapun"}, ["pda"] = {"Anam"}, ["pdi"] = {"Pa Di"}, ["pdn"] = {"Podena", "Fedan"}, ["pdu"] = {"Kayan"}, ["pea"] = {"Peranakan Indonesian"}, ["peb"] = {"Eastern Pomo"}, ["ped"] = {"Mala (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pee"] = {"Taje"}, ["peg"] = {"Pengo"}, ["peh"] = {"Bonan"}, ["pek"] = {"Penchal"}, ["pel"] = {"Pekal"}, ["pem"] = {"Phende"}, ["pep"] = {"Kunja"}, ["pes"] = {"Iranian Persian"}, ["pex"] = {"Petats"}, ["pey"] = {"Petjo"}, ["pfa"] = {"Pááfang"}, ["pfe"] = {"Pere"}, ["pgd"] = {"Gāndhārī"}, ["pgg"] = {"Pangwali"}, ["pgk"] = {"Rerep"}, ["pgs"] = {"Pangseng"}, ["pgu"] = {"Pagu"}, ["phg"] = {"Phuong"}, ["phh"] = {"Phukha"}, ["phk"] = {"Phake"}, ["phl"] = {"Phalura", "Palula"}, ["phm"] = {"Phimbi"}, ["pho"] = {"Phunoi"}, ["phq"] = {"Phana'"}, ["phr"] = {"Pahari-Potwari"}, ["pht"] = {"Phu Thai"}, ["phu"] = {"Phuan"}, ["phv"] = {"Pahlavani"}, ["phw"] = {"Phangduwali"}, ["pic"] = {"Pinji"}, ["pif"] = {"Pingelapese"}, ["pig"] = {"Pisabo"}, ["pii"] = {"Pini"}, ["pil"] = {"Yom"}, ["pin"] = {"Piame"}, ["pip"] = {"Pero"}, ["pir"] = {"Piratapuyo"}, ["pis"] = {"Pijin"}, ["pit"] = {"Pitta Pitta"}, ["piv"] = {"Pileni", "Vaeakau-Taumako"}, ["piw"] = {"Pimbwe"}, ["piy"] = {"Piya-Kwonci"}, ["pkb"] = {"Pokomo", "Kipfokomo"}, ["pkg"] = {"Pak-Tong"}, ["pkh"] = {"Pankhu"}, ["pkn"] = {"Pakanha"}, ["pko"] = {"Pökoot"}, ["pkr"] = {"Attapady Kurumba"}, ["pks"] = {"Pakistan Sign Language"}, ["pkt"] = {"Maleng"}, ["pku"] = {"Paku"}, ["pla"] = {"Miani"}, ["plb"] = {"Polonombauk"}, ["plc"] = {"Central Palawano"}, ["plf"] = {"Central Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["plh"] = {"Paulohi"}, ["plj"] = {"Polci"}, ["plk"] = {"Kohistani Shina"}, ["pll"] = {"Shwe Palaung"}, ["plr"] = {"Palaka Senoufo"}, ["plt"] = {"Plateau Malagasy"}, ["plv"] = {"Southwest Palawano"}, ["plw"] = {"Brooke's Point Palawano"}, ["ply"] = {"Bolyu"}, ["plz"] = {"Paluan"}, ["pma"] = {"Paama"}, ["pmb"] = {"Pambia"}, ["pmd"] = {"Pallanganmiddang"}, ["pme"] = {"Pwaamei"}, ["pmf"] = {"Pamona"}, ["pmh"] = {"Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit"}, ["pmi"] = {"Northern Pumi"}, ["pmj"] = {"Southern Pumi"}, ["pmk"] = {"Pamlico"}, ["pmn"] = {"Pam"}, ["pmo"] = {"Pom"}, ["pmr"] = {"Paynamar"}, ["pmw"] = {"Plains Miwok"}, ["pmx"] = {"Poumei Naga"}, ["pmy"] = {"Papuan Malay"}, ["pmz"] = {"Southern Pame"}, ["pna"] = {"Punan Bah-Biau"}, ["pnc"] = {"Pannei"}, ["pnd"] = {"Mpinda"}, ["pne"] = {"Western Penan"}, ["png"] = {"Pongu"}, ["pnh"] = {"Penrhyn"}, ["pnj"] = {"Pinjarup"}, ["pnl"] = {"Paleni"}, ["pnm"] = {"Punan Batu 1"}, ["pnn"] = {"Pinai-Hagahai"}, ["pnp"] = {"Pancana"}, ["pnq"] = {"Pana (Burkina Faso)"}, ["pnr"] = {"Panim"}, ["pnv"] = {"Pinigura"}, ["pnw"] = {"Banyjima", "Panytyima"}, ["pnx"] = {"Phong-Kniang"}, ["poe"] = {"San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"}, ["pof"] = {"Poke"}, ["poi"] = {"Highland Popoluca"}, ["pok"] = {"Pokangá"}, ["pow"] = {"San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"}, ["poy"] = {"Pogolo"}, ["ppe"] = {"Papi"}, ["ppk"] = {"Uma"}, ["ppm"] = {"Papuma"}, ["ppn"] = {"Papapana"}, ["ppo"] = {"Folopa"}, ["ppp"] = {"Pelende"}, ["ppq"] = {"Pei"}, ["pps"] = {"San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"}, ["ppt"] = {"Pare"}, ["ppu"] = {"Papora"}, ["pqa"] = {"Pa'a"}, ["pqe"] = {"Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["pqm"] = {"Malecite-Passamaquoddy"}, ["pqw"] = {"Western Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["prc"] = {"Parachi"}, ["prd"] = {"Parsi-Dari"}, ["prf"] = {"Paranan"}, ["prh"] = {"Porohanon"}, ["prk"] = {"Parauk"}, ["prn"] = {"Prasuni"}, ["prp"] = {"Parsi"}, ["prr"] = {"Puri"}, ["prt"] = {"Phai"}, ["pru"] = {"Puragi"}, ["prw"] = {"Parawen"}, ["prx"] = {"Purik"}, ["psa"] = {"Asue Awyu"}, ["psc"] = {"Persian Sign Language"}, ["psd"] = {"Plains Indian Sign Language"}, ["pse"] = {"Central Malay"}, ["psg"] = {"Penang Sign Language"}, ["psh"] = {"Southwest Pashai", "Southwest Pashayi"}, ["psi"] = {"Southeast Pashai", "Southeast Pashayi"}, ["psl"] = {"Puerto Rican Sign Language"}, ["psn"] = {"Panasuan"}, ["pso"] = {"Polish Sign Language"}, ["psp"] = {"Philippine Sign Language"}, ["pss"] = {"Kaulong"}, ["pst"] = {"Central Pashto"}, ["psw"] = {"Port Sandwich"}, ["pti"] = {"Pindiini", "Wangkatha"}, ["ptn"] = {"Patani"}, ["pto"] = {"Zo'é"}, ["ptp"] = {"Patep"}, ["ptq"] = {"Pattapu"}, ["ptr"] = {"Piamatsina"}, ["ptt"] = {"Enrekang"}, ["ptu"] = {"Bambam"}, ["ptv"] = {"Port Vato"}, ["ptw"] = {"Pentlatch"}, ["pty"] = {"Pathiya"}, ["pub"] = {"Purum"}, ["puc"] = {"Punan Merap"}, ["pud"] = {"Punan Aput"}, ["puf"] = {"Punan Merah"}, ["pug"] = {"Phuie"}, ["puj"] = {"Punan Tubu"}, ["puo"] = {"Puoc"}, ["pup"] = {"Pulabu"}, ["pur"] = {"Puruborá"}, ["put"] = {"Putoh"}, ["puw"] = {"Puluwatese"}, ["pux"] = {"Puare"}, ["puy"] = {"Purisimeño"}, ["pwa"] = {"Pawaia"}, ["pwb"] = {"Panawa"}, ["pwg"] = {"Gapapaiwa"}, ["pwi"] = {"Patwin"}, ["pwm"] = {"Molbog"}, ["pwo"] = {"Pwo Western Karen"}, ["pwr"] = {"Powari"}, ["pww"] = {"Pwo Northern Karen"}, ["pxm"] = {"Quetzaltepec Mixe"}, ["pye"] = {"Pye Krumen"}, ["pym"] = {"Fyam"}, ["pyn"] = {"Poyanáwa"}, ["pyu"] = {"Puyuma"}, ["pyy"] = {"Pyen"}, ["pzn"] = {"Para Naga"}, ["qua"] = {"Quapaw"}, ["qud"] = {"Calderón Highland Quichua"}, ["qul"] = {"North Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qun"] = {"Quinault"}, ["qur"] = {"Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua"}, ["quw"] = {"Tena Lowland Quichua"}, ["qva"] = {"Ambo-Pasco Quechua"}, ["qve"] = {"Eastern Apurímac Quechua"}, ["qvh"] = {"Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qvj"] = {"Loja Highland Quichua"}, ["qvn"] = {"North Junín Quechua"}, ["qvo"] = {"Napo Lowland Quechua"}, ["qvy"] = {"Queyu"}, ["qvz"] = {"Northern Pastaza Quichua"}, ["qwe"] = {"Quechuan (family)"}, ["qws"] = {"Sihuas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxa"] = {"Chiquián Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxc"] = {"Chincha Quechua"}, ["qxh"] = {"Panao Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qxl"] = {"Salasaca Highland Quichua"}, ["qxn"] = {"Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxo"] = {"Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxr"] = {"Cañar Highland Quichua"}, ["qxs"] = {"Southern Qiang"}, ["qxt"] = {"Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua"}, ["qxu"] = {"Arequipa-La Unión Quechua"}, ["raa"] = {"Dungmali"}, ["rab"] = {"Camling"}, ["rac"] = {"Rasawa"}, ["rad"] = {"Rade"}, ["raf"] = {"Western Meohang"}, ["rag"] = {"Logooli", "Lulogooli"}, ["rah"] = {"Rabha"}, ["rai"] = {"Ramoaaina"}, ["rak"] = {"Tulu-Bohuai"}, ["ral"] = {"Ralte"}, ["ram"] = {"Canela"}, ["ran"] = {"Riantana"}, ["rao"] = {"Rao"}, ["raq"] = {"Saam"}, ["ras"] = {"Tegali"}, ["rat"] = {"Razajerdi"}, ["rau"] = {"Raute"}, ["rav"] = {"Sampang"}, ["raw"] = {"Rawang"}, ["rax"] = {"Rang"}, ["raz"] = {"Rahambuu"}, ["rbb"] = {"Rumai Palaung"}, ["rbk"] = {"Northern Bontok"}, ["rbl"] = {"Miraya Bikol"}, ["rbp"] = {"Barababaraba"}, ["rdb"] = {"Rudbari"}, ["rea"] = {"Rerau"}, ["ree"] = {"Rejang Kayan"}, ["reg"] = {"Kara (Tanzania)"}, ["rei"] = {"Reli"}, ["rej"] = {"Rejang"}, ["rel"] = {"Rendille"}, ["rem"] = {"Remo"}, ["ren"] = {"Rengao"}, ["rer"] = {"Rer Bare"}, ["res"] = {"Reshe"}, ["rga"] = {"Roria"}, ["rge"] = {"Romano-Greek"}, ["rgk"] = {"Rangkas"}, ["rgs"] = {"Southern Roglai"}, ["rgu"] = {"Ringgou"}, ["rhp"] = {"Yahang"}, ["ria"] = {"Riang (India)"}, ["rim"] = {"Nyaturu"}, ["rin"] = {"Nungu"}, ["rir"] = {"Ribun"}, ["rit"] = {"Ritharrngu"}, ["rji"] = {"Raji"}, ["rjs"] = {"Rajbanshi"}, ["rka"] = {"Kraol"}, ["rkh"] = {"Rakahanga-Manihiki"}, ["rki"] = {"Rakhine"}, ["rkm"] = {"Marka"}, ["rkt"] = {"Rangpuri", "Kamta"}, ["rkw"] = {"Arakwal"}, ["rmb"] = {"Rembarrnga"}, ["rmd"] = {"Traveller Danish"}, ["rmh"] = {"Murkim"}, ["rmi"] = {"Lomavren"}, ["rmk"] = {"Romkun"}, ["rmm"] = {"Roma"}, ["rmp"] = {"Rempi"}, ["rms"] = {"Romanian Sign Language"}, ["rmu"] = {"Tavringer Romani"}, ["rmv"] = {"Romanova"}, ["rmx"] = {"Romam"}, ["rmz"] = {"Marma"}, ["rnd"] = {"Ruund"}, ["rnl"] = {"Ranglong"}, ["rnn"] = {"Roon"}, ["rnp"] = {"Rongpo"}, ["rnr"] = {"Nari Nari"}, ["rnw"] = {"Rungwa"}, ["rob"] = {"Tae'"}, ["roc"] = {"Cacgia Roglai"}, ["rod"] = {"Rogo"}, ["roe"] = {"Ronji"}, ["rog"] = {"Northern Roglai"}, ["rop"] = {"Kriol"}, ["rou"] = {"Runga"}, ["row"] = {"Dela-Oenale"}, ["rpn"] = {"Repanbitip"}, ["rpt"] = {"Rapting"}, ["rri"] = {"Ririo"}, ["rrt"] = {"Arritinngithigh"}, ["rsb"] = {"Romano-Serbian"}, ["rsm"] = {"Miriwoong Sign Language"}, ["rtc"] = {"Rungtu Chin"}, ["rts"] = {"Yurats"}, ["rtw"] = {"Rathawi"}, ["rub"] = {"Gungu"}, ["ruc"] = {"Ruuli"}, ["ruf"] = {"Luguru"}, ["ruh"] = {"Ruga"}, ["rui"] = {"Rufiji"}, ["ruk"] = {"Che"}, ["ruu"] = {"Lanas Lobu"}, ["ruy"] = {"Mala (Nigeria)"}, ["ruz"] = {"Ruma"}, ["rwa"] = {"Rawo"}, ["rwk"] = {"Rwa"}, ["rwm"] = {"Amba (Uganda)"}, ["rwo"] = {"Rawa"}, ["rwr"] = {"Marwari (India)"}, ["rxd"] = {"Ngardi"}, ["rxw"] = {"Karuwali", "Garuwali"}, ["ryn"] = {"Northern Amami-Oshima"}, ["saa"] = {"Saba"}, ["sac"] = {"Meskwaki"}, ["sae"] = {"Sabanê"}, ["sao"] = {"Sause"}, ["saq"] = {"Samburu"}, ["sar"] = {"Saraveca"}, ["sau"] = {"Saleman"}, ["sav"] = {"Saafi-Saafi"}, ["saw"] = {"Sawi"}, ["say"] = {"Saya"}, ["sba"] = {"Ngambay"}, ["sbb"] = {"Simbo"}, ["sbc"] = {"Kele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["sbd"] = {"Southern Samo"}, ["sbe"] = {"Saliba"}, ["sbf"] = {"Chabu", "Shabo"}, ["sbg"] = {"Seget"}, ["sbh"] = {"Sori-Harengan"}, ["sbj"] = {"Surbakhal"}, ["sbk"] = {"Safwa"}, ["sbl"] = {"Botolan Sambal"}, ["sbm"] = {"Sagala"}, ["sbn"] = {"Sindhi Bhil"}, ["sbo"] = {"Sabüm"}, ["sbp"] = {"Sangu (Tanzania)"}, ["sbq"] = {"Sileibi"}, ["sbr"] = {"Sembakung Murut"}, ["sbs"] = {"Subiya"}, ["sbt"] = {"Kimki"}, ["sbu"] = {"Stod Bhoti"}, ["sbx"] = {"Seberuang"}, ["sby"] = {"Soli"}, ["sbz"] = {"Sara Kaba"}, ["scb"] = {"Chut"}, ["scf"] = {"San Miguel Creole French"}, ["scg"] = {"Sanggau"}, ["sch"] = {"Sakachep"}, ["sci"] = {"Sri Lankan Creole Malay"}, ["sck"] = {"Sadri"}, ["scp"] = {"Hyolmo", "Helambu Sherpa"}, ["scq"] = {"Sa'och"}, ["sct"] = {"Southern Katang"}, ["scu"] = {"Shumcho"}, ["scv"] = {"Sheni"}, ["scw"] = {"Sha"}, ["sda"] = {"Toraja-Sa'dan"}, ["sdb"] = {"Shabak"}, ["sde"] = {"Surubu"}, ["sdf"] = {"Sarli"}, ["sdg"] = {"Savi"}, ["sdh"] = {"Southern Kurdish"}, ["sdj"] = {"Suundi"}, ["sdk"] = {"Sos Kundi"}, ["sdl"] = {"Saudi Arabian Sign Language"}, ["sdo"] = {"Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"}, ["sdp"] = {"Sherdukpen"}, ["sdq"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sdr"] = {"Oraon Sadri"}, ["sds"] = {"Sened"}, ["sdu"] = {"Sarudu"}, ["sdv"] = {"Eastern Sudanic languages"}, ["sdx"] = {"Sibu Melanau"}, ["sdz"] = {"Sallands"}, ["sea"] = {"Semai"}, ["seb"] = {"Shempire Senoufo"}, ["sec"] = {"Sechelt"}, ["sed"] = {"Sedang"}, ["sef"] = {"Cebaara Senoufo"}, ["seg"] = {"Segeju"}, ["seh"] = {"Sena"}, ["sej"] = {"Sene"}, ["sen"] = {"Nanerigé Sénoufo"}, ["seo"] = {"Suarmin"}, ["sep"] = {"Sìcìté Sénoufo"}, ["seq"] = {"Senara Sénoufo"}, ["set"] = {"Sentani"}, ["seu"] = {"Serui-Laut"}, ["sev"] = {"Nyarafolo Senoufo"}, ["sew"] = {"Sewa Bay"}, ["sey"] = {"Secoya"}, ["sez"] = {"Senthang Chin"}, ["sfb"] = {"Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone", "French Belgian Sign Language"}, ["sfe"] = {"Eastern Subanen"}, ["sfm"] = {"Small Flowery Miao"}, ["sfw"] = {"Sehwi"}, ["sgb"] = {"Mag-antsi Ayta"}, ["sgc"] = {"Kipsigis"}, ["sge"] = {"Segai"}, ["sgg"] = {"Swiss-German Sign Language"}, ["sgi"] = {"Suga"}, ["sgj"] = {"Surgujia"}, ["sgk"] = {"Sangkong"}, ["sgm"] = {"Singa"}, ["sgp"] = {"Singpho"}, ["sgr"] = {"Sangisari"}, ["sgt"] = {"Brokpake"}, ["sgu"] = {"Salas"}, ["sgw"] = {"Sebat Bet Gurage"}, ["sgx"] = {"Sierra Leone Sign Language"}, ["sgy"] = {"Sanglechi"}, ["sgz"] = {"Sursurunga"}, ["sha"] = {"Shall-Zwall"}, ["shc"] = {"Sonde"}, ["shd"] = {"Kundal Shahi"}, ["she"] = {"Sheko"}, ["shg"] = {"Shua"}, ["shk"] = {"Shilluk"}, ["shl"] = {"Shendu"}, ["shm"] = {"Shahrudi"}, ["sho"] = {"Shanga"}, ["shr"] = {"Shi"}, ["shv"] = {"Shehri"}, ["shw"] = {"Shwai"}, ["shx"] = {"She"}, ["shz"] = {"Syenara Senoufo"}, ["sib"] = {"Sebop"}, ["sie"] = {"Simaa"}, ["sii"] = {"Shom Peng"}, ["sij"] = {"Numbami"}, ["sik"] = {"Sikiana"}, ["sil"] = {"Tumulung Sisaala"}, ["sim"] = {"Mende (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["siq"] = {"Sonia"}, ["sir"] = {"Siri"}, ["siu"] = {"Sinagen"}, ["siv"] = {"Sumariup"}, ["siw"] = {"Siwai"}, ["six"] = {"Sumau"}, ["sja"] = {"Epena"}, ["sjb"] = {"Sajau Basap"}, ["sjg"] = {"Assangori"}, ["sjl"] = {"Sajalong", "Miji"}, ["sjm"] = {"Mapun"}, ["sjp"] = {"Surjapuri"}, ["sjr"] = {"Siar-Lak"}, ["sjs"] = {"Senhaja De Srair"}, ["ska"] = {"Skagit"}, ["skb"] = {"Saek"}, ["skc"] = {"Ma Manda"}, ["skd"] = {"Southern Sierra Miwok"}, ["ske"] = {"Seke (Vanuatu)"}, ["skf"] = {"Sakirabiá"}, ["skg"] = {"Sakalava Malagasy"}, ["skh"] = {"Sikule"}, ["skj"] = {"Seke (Nepal)"}, ["skm"] = {"Kutong"}, ["skn"] = {"Kolibugan Subanon"}, ["sko"] = {"Seko Tengah"}, ["skp"] = {"Sekapan"}, ["skq"] = {"Sininkere"}, ["sks"] = {"Maia"}, ["skt"] = {"Sakata"}, ["sku"] = {"Sakao"}, ["skv"] = {"Skou"}, ["skw"] = {"Skepi Creole Dutch"}, ["skx"] = {"Seko Padang"}, ["sky"] = {"Sikaiana"}, ["skz"] = {"Sekar"}, ["slc"] = {"Sáliba"}, ["sld"] = {"Sissala"}, ["sle"] = {"Sholaga"}, ["slf"] = {"Swiss-Italian Sign Language"}, ["slg"] = {"Selungai Murut"}, ["slh"] = {"Southern Puget Sound Salish"}, ["slj"] = {"Salumá"}, ["sll"] = {"Salt-Yui"}, ["slm"] = {"Pangutaran Sama"}, ["slq"] = {"Salchuq"}, ["slr"] = {"Salar"}, ["sls"] = {"Singapore Sign Language"}, ["slt"] = {"Sila"}, ["slw"] = {"Sialum"}, ["slx"] = {"Salampasu"}, ["sly"] = {"Selayar"}, ["slz"] = {"Ma'ya"}, ["smb"] = {"Simbari"}, ["smc"] = {"Som"}, ["smd"] = {"Sama"}, ["smf"] = {"Auwe"}, ["smg"] = {"Simbali"}, ["smh"] = {"Samei"}, ["sml"] = {"Central Sama"}, ["smm"] = {"Musasa"}, ["smq"] = {"Samo"}, ["smr"] = {"Simeulue"}, ["smt"] = {"Simte"}, ["smu"] = {"Somray"}, ["smv"] = {"Samvedi"}, ["smw"] = {"Sumbawa"}, ["smx"] = {"Samba"}, ["smy"] = {"Semnani"}, ["smz"] = {"Simeku"}, ["snb"] = {"Sebuyau"}, ["snc"] = {"Sinaugoro"}, ["sne"] = {"Bau Bidayuh"}, ["snf"] = {"Noon"}, ["sng"] = {"Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sni"] = {"Sensi"}, ["snj"] = {"Riverain Sango"}, ["snl"] = {"Sangil"}, ["snm"] = {"Southern Ma'di"}, ["snn"] = {"Siona"}, ["sno"] = {"Snohomish"}, ["snp"] = {"Siane"}, ["snq"] = {"Sangu (Gabon)"}, ["snr"] = {"Sihan"}, ["sns"] = {"South West Bay", "Nahavaq"}, ["snu"] = {"Senggi", "Viid"}, ["snv"] = {"Sa'ban"}, ["snw"] = {"Selee"}, ["snx"] = {"Sam"}, ["sny"] = {"Saniyo-Hiyewe"}, ["snz"] = {"Kou"}, ["soa"] = {"Thai Song"}, ["sob"] = {"Sobei"}, ["soc"] = {"So (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sod"] = {"Songoora"}, ["soe"] = {"Songomeno"}, ["soh"] = {"Aka"}, ["soi"] = {"Sonha"}, ["soj"] = {"Soi"}, ["sok"] = {"Sokoro"}, ["sol"] = {"Solos"}, ["soo"] = {"Songo"}, ["sop"] = {"Songe"}, ["soq"] = {"Kanasi"}, ["sor"] = {"Somrai"}, ["sos"] = {"Seeku"}, ["sou"] = {"Southern Thai"}, ["sow"] = {"Sowanda"}, ["sox"] = {"Swo"}, ["soy"] = {"Miyobe"}, ["spb"] = {"Sepa (Indonesia)"}, ["spd"] = {"Saep"}, ["spg"] = {"Sian"}, ["spk"] = {"Sengo"}, ["spl"] = {"Selepet"}, ["spm"] = {"Akukem"}, ["spn"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["spo"] = {"Spokane"}, ["spp"] = {"Supyire Senoufo"}, ["spr"] = {"Saparua"}, ["sps"] = {"Saposa"}, ["spt"] = {"Spiti Bhoti"}, ["spu"] = {"Sapuan"}, ["spv"] = {"Sambalpuri", "Kosli"}, ["spy"] = {"Sabaot"}, ["sqa"] = {"Shama-Sambuga"}, ["sqh"] = {"Shau"}, ["sqk"] = {"Albanian Sign Language"}, ["sqm"] = {"Suma"}, ["sqo"] = {"Sorkhei"}, ["sqq"] = {"Sou"}, ["sqs"] = {"Sri Lankan Sign Language"}, ["squ"] = {"Squamish"}, ["sra"] = {"Saruga"}, ["sre"] = {"Sara"}, ["srf"] = {"Nafi"}, ["srg"] = {"Sulod"}, ["sri"] = {"Siriano"}, ["srk"] = {"Serudung Murut"}, ["srt"] = {"Sauri"}, ["sru"] = {"Suruí"}, ["srv"] = {"Southern Sorsoganon"}, ["srx"] = {"Sirmauri"}, ["sry"] = {"Sera"}, ["srz"] = {"Shahmirzadi"}, ["ssb"] = {"Southern Sama"}, ["ssc"] = {"Suba-Simbiti"}, ["ssd"] = {"Siroi"}, ["sse"] = {"Balangingi", "Bangingih Sama"}, ["ssf"] = {"Thao"}, ["ssg"] = {"Seimat"}, ["ssi"] = {"Sansi"}, ["ssj"] = {"Sausi"}, ["ssk"] = {"Sunam"}, ["ssl"] = {"Western Sisaala"}, ["ssm"] = {"Semnam"}, ["ssn"] = {"Waata"}, ["sso"] = {"Sissano"}, ["ssr"] = {"Swiss-French Sign Language"}, ["sss"] = {"Sô"}, ["sst"] = {"Sinasina"}, ["ssu"] = {"Susuami"}, ["ssv"] = {"Shark Bay"}, ["ssx"] = {"Samberigi"}, ["ssz"] = {"Sengseng"}, ["sta"] = {"Settla"}, ["stb"] = {"Northern Subanen"}, ["ste"] = {"Liana-Seti"}, ["stg"] = {"Trieng"}, ["sti"] = {"Bulo Stieng"}, ["stj"] = {"Matya Samo"}, ["stk"] = {"Arammba"}, ["stl"] = {"Stellingwerfs"}, ["stm"] = {"Setaman"}, ["stn"] = {"Owa"}, ["sto"] = {"Stoney"}, ["sts"] = {"Shumashti"}, ["stt"] = {"Budeh Stieng"}, ["stu"] = {"Samtao"}, ["stv"] = {"Silt'e"}, ["sub"] = {"Suku"}, ["suc"] = {"Western Subanon"}, ["sue"] = {"Suena"}, ["sug"] = {"Suganga"}, ["sui"] = {"Suki"}, ["suj"] = {"Shubi"}, ["sur"] = {"Mwaghavul"}, ["suv"] = {"Puroik"}, ["suw"] = {"Sumbwa"}, ["suy"] = {"Suyá"}, ["suz"] = {"Sunwar"}, ["svb"] = {"Ulau-Suain"}, ["svc"] = {"Vincentian Creole English"}, ["svk"] = {"Slovakian Sign Language"}, ["svm"] = {"Slavomolisano"}, ["svs"] = {"Savosavo"}, ["swc"] = {"Congo Swahili"}, ["swf"] = {"Sere"}, ["swh"] = {"Swahili (individual language)", "Kiswahili"}, ["swi"] = {"Sui"}, ["swj"] = {"Sira"}, ["swk"] = {"Malawi Sena"}, ["swl"] = {"Swedish Sign Language"}, ["swm"] = {"Samosa"}, ["swo"] = {"Shanenawa"}, ["swp"] = {"Suau"}, ["swq"] = {"Sharwa"}, ["swt"] = {"Sawila"}, ["swu"] = {"Suwawa"}, ["swv"] = {"Shekhawati"}, ["sww"] = {"Sowa"}, ["sxe"] = {"Sighu"}, ["sxg"] = {"Shuhi", "Shixing"}, ["sxr"] = {"Saaroa"}, ["sxs"] = {"Sasaru"}, ["sxw"] = {"Saxwe Gbe"}, ["sya"] = {"Siang"}, ["syb"] = {"Central Subanen"}, ["syd"] = {"Samoyedic languages"}, ["syk"] = {"Sukur"}, ["sym"] = {"Maya Samo"}, ["syn"] = {"Senaya"}, ["syo"] = {"Suoy"}, ["sys"] = {"Sinyar"}, ["syw"] = {"Kagate"}, ["syx"] = {"Samay"}, ["syy"] = {"Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language"}, ["sza"] = {"Semelai"}, ["szb"] = {"Ngalum"}, ["szc"] = {"Semaq Beri"}, ["szd"] = {"Seru"}, ["sze"] = {"Seze"}, ["szg"] = {"Sengele"}, ["szn"] = {"Sula"}, ["szs"] = {"Solomon Islands Sign Language"}, ["szv"] = {"Isu (Fako Division)"}, ["szw"] = {"Sawai"}, ["szy"] = {"Sakizaya"}, ["taf"] = {"Tapirapé"}, ["tag"] = {"Tagoi"}, ["taj"] = {"Eastern Tamang"}, ["tak"] = {"Tala"}, ["tal"] = {"Tal"}, ["tan"] = {"Tangale"}, ["tap"] = {"Taabwa"}, ["tas"] = {"Tay Boi"}, ["taw"] = {"Tai"}, ["tax"] = {"Tamki"}, ["taz"] = {"Tocho"}, ["tbc"] = {"Takia"}, ["tbd"] = {"Kaki Ae"}, ["tbe"] = {"Tanimbili"}, ["tbf"] = {"Mandara"}, ["tbg"] = {"North Tairora"}, ["tbh"] = {"Dharawal", "Thurawal"}, ["tbi"] = {"Gaam"}, ["tbj"] = {"Tiang"}, ["tbk"] = {"Calamian Tagbanwa"}, ["tbl"] = {"Tboli"}, ["tbm"] = {"Tagbu"}, ["tbn"] = {"Barro Negro Tunebo"}, ["tbo"] = {"Tawala"}, ["tbp"] = {"Taworta", "Diebroud"}, ["tbq"] = {"Tibeto-Burman languages"}, ["tbr"] = {"Tumtum"}, ["tbs"] = {"Tanguat"}, ["tbt"] = {"Tembo (Kitembo)"}, ["tbv"] = {"Tobo"}, ["tbw"] = {"Tagbanwa"}, ["tbx"] = {"Kapin"}, ["tby"] = {"Tabaru"}, ["tbz"] = {"Ditammari"}, ["tcc"] = {"Datooga"}, ["tcg"] = {"Tamagario"}, ["tch"] = {"Turks And Caicos Creole English"}, ["tci"] = {"Wára"}, ["tck"] = {"Tchitchege"}, ["tcl"] = {"Taman (Myanmar)"}, ["tcn"] = {"Tichurong"}, ["tco"] = {"Taungyo"}, ["tcp"] = {"Tawr Chin"}, ["tcq"] = {"Kaiy"}, ["tcs"] = {"Torres Strait Creole", "Yumplatok"}, ["tct"] = {"T'en"}, ["tcw"] = {"Tecpatlán Totonac"}, ["tcz"] = {"Thado Chin"}, ["tda"] = {"Tagdal"}, ["tdb"] = {"Panchpargania"}, ["tdc"] = {"Emberá-Tadó"}, ["tde"] = {"Tiranige Diga Dogon"}, ["tdf"] = {"Talieng"}, ["tdg"] = {"Western Tamang"}, ["tdh"] = {"Thulung"}, ["tdi"] = {"Tomadino"}, ["tdj"] = {"Tajio"}, ["tdk"] = {"Tambas"}, ["tdl"] = {"Sur"}, ["tdn"] = {"Tondano"}, ["tdo"] = {"Teme"}, ["tdq"] = {"Tita"}, ["tdr"] = {"Todrah"}, ["tds"] = {"Doutai"}, ["tdt"] = {"Tetun Dili"}, ["tdv"] = {"Toro"}, ["tdx"] = {"Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy"}, ["tdy"] = {"Tadyawan"}, ["tea"] = {"Temiar"}, ["teb"] = {"Tetete"}, ["tec"] = {"Terik"}, ["ted"] = {"Tepo Krumen"}, ["tef"] = {"Teressa"}, ["teg"] = {"Teke-Tege"}, ["tei"] = {"Torricelli"}, ["tek"] = {"Ibali Teke"}, ["ten"] = {"Tama (Colombia)"}, ["teo"] = {"Teso"}, ["teq"] = {"Temein"}, ["tes"] = {"Tengger"}, ["tev"] = {"Teor"}, ["tey"] = {"Tulishi"}, ["tfi"] = {"Tofin Gbe"}, ["tfo"] = {"Tefaro"}, ["tft"] = {"Ternate"}, ["tga"] = {"Sagalla"}, ["tgb"] = {"Tobilung"}, ["tgc"] = {"Tigak"}, ["tgd"] = {"Ciwogai"}, ["tge"] = {"Eastern Gorkha Tamang"}, ["tgf"] = {"Chalikha"}, ["tgh"] = {"Tobagonian Creole English"}, ["tgi"] = {"Lawunuia"}, ["tgj"] = {"Tagin"}, ["tgn"] = {"Tandaganon"}, ["tgo"] = {"Sudest"}, ["tgp"] = {"Tangoa"}, ["tgq"] = {"Tring"}, ["tgr"] = {"Tareng"}, ["tgs"] = {"Nume"}, ["tgt"] = {"Central Tagbanwa"}, ["tgu"] = {"Tanggu"}, ["tgw"] = {"Tagwana Senoufo"}, ["tgy"] = {"Togoyo"}, ["tgz"] = {"Tagalaka"}, ["thd"] = {"Kuuk Thaayorre", "Thayore"}, ["the"] = {"Chitwania Tharu"}, ["thi"] = {"Tai Long"}, ["thk"] = {"Tharaka", "Kitharaka"}, ["thl"] = {"Dangaura Tharu"}, ["thm"] = {"Aheu"}, ["thn"] = {"Thachanadan"}, ["thq"] = {"Kochila Tharu"}, ["thr"] = {"Rana Tharu"}, ["tht"] = {"Tahltan"}, ["thu"] = {"Thuri"}, ["thy"] = {"Tha"}, ["tia"] = {"Tidikelt Tamazight"}, ["tic"] = {"Tira"}, ["tif"] = {"Tifal"}, ["tih"] = {"Timugon Murut"}, ["tij"] = {"Tilung"}, ["tik"] = {"Tikar"}, ["tim"] = {"Timbe"}, ["tin"] = {"Tindi"}, ["tio"] = {"Teop"}, ["tiq"] = {"Tiéfo"}, ["tis"] = {"Masadiit Itneg"}, ["tiu"] = {"Adasen"}, ["tiy"] = {"Tiruray"}, ["tiz"] = {"Tai Hongjin"}, ["tja"] = {"Tajuasohn"}, ["tjg"] = {"Tunjung"}, ["tji"] = {"Northern Tujia"}, ["tjj"] = {"Tjungundji"}, ["tjl"] = {"Tai Laing"}, ["tjo"] = {"Temacine Tamazight"}, ["tjp"] = {"Tjupany"}, ["tjs"] = {"Southern Tujia"}, ["tju"] = {"Tjurruru"}, ["tjw"] = {"Djabwurrung"}, ["tkb"] = {"Buksa"}, ["tkd"] = {"Tukudede"}, ["tke"] = {"Takwane"}, ["tkf"] = {"Tukumanféd"}, ["tkg"] = {"Tesaka Malagasy"}, ["tkn"] = {"Toku-No-Shima"}, ["tkp"] = {"Tikopia"}, ["tkq"] = {"Tee"}, ["tks"] = {"Takestani"}, ["tkt"] = {"Kathoriya Tharu"}, ["tku"] = {"Upper Necaxa Totonac"}, ["tkv"] = {"Mur Pano"}, ["tkw"] = {"Teanu"}, ["tkx"] = {"Tangko"}, ["tkz"] = {"Takua"}, ["tla"] = {"Southwestern Tepehuan"}, ["tlc"] = {"Yecuatla Totonac"}, ["tld"] = {"Talaud"}, ["tlf"] = {"Telefol"}, ["tlj"] = {"Talinga-Bwisi"}, ["tlk"] = {"Taloki"}, ["tll"] = {"Tetela"}, ["tln"] = {"Talondo'"}, ["tlo"] = {"Talodi"}, ["tlp"] = {"Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"}, ["tlq"] = {"Tai Loi"}, ["tlr"] = {"Talise"}, ["tls"] = {"Tambotalo"}, ["tlt"] = {"Sou Nama", "Teluti"}, ["tlv"] = {"Taliabu"}, ["tmb"] = {"Katbol", "Avava"}, ["tmc"] = {"Tumak"}, ["tmd"] = {"Haruai"}, ["tmf"] = {"Toba-Maskoy"}, ["tmg"] = {"Ternateño"}, ["tmi"] = {"Tutuba"}, ["tmk"] = {"Northwestern Tamang"}, ["tml"] = {"Tamnim Citak"}, ["tmm"] = {"Tai Thanh"}, ["tmn"] = {"Taman (Indonesia)"}, ["tmo"] = {"Temoq"}, ["tmq"] = {"Tumleo"}, ["tms"] = {"Tima"}, ["tmt"] = {"Tasmate"}, ["tmu"] = {"Iau"}, ["tmv"] = {"Tembo (Motembo)"}, ["tmw"] = {"Temuan"}, ["tmy"] = {"Tami"}, ["tna"] = {"Tacana"}, ["tnb"] = {"Western Tunebo"}, ["tnd"] = {"Angosturas Tunebo"}, ["tng"] = {"Tobanga"}, ["tnh"] = {"Maiani"}, ["tnk"] = {"Kwamera"}, ["tnl"] = {"Lenakel"}, ["tnn"] = {"North Tanna"}, ["tno"] = {"Toromono"}, ["tnp"] = {"Whitesands"}, ["tnr"] = {"Ménik"}, ["tns"] = {"Tenis"}, ["tnt"] = {"Tontemboan"}, ["tnu"] = {"Tay Khang"}, ["tnw"] = {"Tonsawang"}, ["tnx"] = {"Tanema"}, ["tnz"] = {"Ten'edn"}, ["toc"] = {"Coyutla Totonac"}, ["tod"] = {"Toma"}, ["tof"] = {"Gizrra"}, ["toh"] = {"Gitonga"}, ["tom"] = {"Tombulu"}, ["too"] = {"Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac"}, ["toq"] = {"Toposa"}, ["tor"] = {"Togbo-Vara Banda"}, ["tos"] = {"Highland Totonac"}, ["tou"] = {"Tho"}, ["tov"] = {"Upper Taromi"}, ["toy"] = {"Topoiyo"}, ["toz"] = {"To"}, ["tpa"] = {"Taupota"}, ["tpe"] = {"Tippera"}, ["tpf"] = {"Tarpia"}, ["tpg"] = {"Kula"}, ["tpl"] = {"Tlacoapa Me'phaa", "Tlacoapa Tlapanec"}, ["tpm"] = {"Tampulma"}, ["tpo"] = {"Tai Pao"}, ["tpq"] = {"Tukpa"}, ["tpr"] = {"Tuparí"}, ["tpu"] = {"Tampuan"}, ["tpv"] = {"Tanapag"}, ["tpx"] = {"Acatepec Me'phaa", "Acatepec Tlapanec"}, ["tpz"] = {"Tinputz"}, ["tql"] = {"Lehali"}, ["tqm"] = {"Turumsa"}, ["tqn"] = {"Tenino"}, ["tqo"] = {"Toaripi"}, ["tqp"] = {"Tomoip"}, ["tqq"] = {"Tunni"}, ["tqr"] = {"Torona"}, ["tqt"] = {"Western Totonac"}, ["tqu"] = {"Touo"}, ["tra"] = {"Tirahi"}, ["trb"] = {"Terebu"}, ["trd"] = {"Turi"}, ["tre"] = {"East Tarangan"}, ["trf"] = {"Trinidadian Creole English"}, ["trg"] = {"Lishán Didán"}, ["trh"] = {"Turaka"}, ["tri"] = {"Trió"}, ["trj"] = {"Toram"}, ["trl"] = {"Traveller Scottish"}, ["tro"] = {"Tarao Naga"}, ["trp"] = {"Kok Borok"}, ["trt"] = {"Tunggare"}, ["trv"] = {"Taroko"}, ["trw"] = {"Torwali"}, ["trx"] = {"Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"}, ["try"] = {"Turung"}, ["trz"] = {"Torá"}, ["tsa"] = {"Tsaangi"}, ["tsb"] = {"Tsamai"}, ["tsc"] = {"Tswa"}, ["tse"] = {"Tunisian Sign Language"}, ["tsh"] = {"Tsuvan"}, ["tsj"] = {"Tshangla"}, ["tsk"] = {"Tseku"}, ["tsl"] = {"Ts'ün-Lao"}, ["tsp"] = {"Northern Toussian"}, ["tsq"] = {"Thai Sign Language"}, ["tsr"] = {"Akei"}, ["tst"] = {"Tondi Songway Kiini"}, ["tsu"] = {"Tsou"}, ["tsv"] = {"Tsogo"}, ["tsw"] = {"Tsishingini"}, ["tsx"] = {"Mubami"}, ["tsy"] = {"Tebul Sign Language"}, ["tta"] = {"Tutelo"}, ["ttb"] = {"Gaa"}, ["ttd"] = {"Tauade"}, ["tte"] = {"Bwanabwana"}, ["ttf"] = {"Tuotomb"}, ["ttg"] = {"Tutong"}, ["tth"] = {"Upper Ta'oih"}, ["tti"] = {"Tobati"}, ["ttj"] = {"Tooro"}, ["ttl"] = {"Totela"}, ["ttn"] = {"Towei"}, ["tto"] = {"Lower Ta'oih"}, ["ttp"] = {"Tombelala"}, ["ttr"] = {"Tera"}, ["tts"] = {"Northeastern Thai"}, ["ttu"] = {"Torau"}, ["ttv"] = {"Titan"}, ["ttw"] = {"Long Wat"}, ["tua"] = {"Wiarumus"}, ["tuc"] = {"Mutu"}, ["tuf"] = {"Central Tunebo"}, ["tug"] = {"Tunia"}, ["tuh"] = {"Taulil"}, ["tuj"] = {"Tugutil"}, ["tul"] = {"Tula"}, ["tuq"] = {"Tedaga"}, ["tuw"] = {"Tungus languages"}, ["tux"] = {"Tuxináwa"}, ["tuy"] = {"Tugen"}, ["tuz"] = {"Turka"}, ["tva"] = {"Vaghua"}, ["tvd"] = {"Tsuvadi"}, ["tvk"] = {"Southeast Ambrym"}, ["tvm"] = {"Tela-Masbuar"}, ["tvn"] = {"Tavoyan"}, ["tvo"] = {"Tidore"}, ["tvs"] = {"Taveta"}, ["tvt"] = {"Tutsa Naga"}, ["tvu"] = {"Tunen"}, ["tvw"] = {"Sedoa"}, ["tvy"] = {"Timor Pidgin"}, ["twb"] = {"Western Tawbuid"}, ["twc"] = {"Teshenawa"}, ["twd"] = {"Twents"}, ["twe"] = {"Tewa (Indonesia)"}, ["twg"] = {"Tereweng"}, ["twh"] = {"Tai Dón"}, ["twl"] = {"Tawara"}, ["twm"] = {"Tawang Monpa"}, ["twn"] = {"Twendi"}, ["two"] = {"Tswapong"}, ["twp"] = {"Ere"}, ["twr"] = {"Southwestern Tarahumara"}, ["twt"] = {"Turiwára"}, ["twu"] = {"Termanu"}, ["tww"] = {"Tuwari"}, ["twx"] = {"Tewe"}, ["twy"] = {"Tawoyan"}, ["txa"] = {"Tombonuo"}, ["txe"] = {"Totoli"}, ["txi"] = {"Ikpeng"}, ["txj"] = {"Tarjumo"}, ["txm"] = {"Tomini"}, ["txq"] = {"Tii"}, ["txs"] = {"Tonsea"}, ["txt"] = {"Citak"}, ["txx"] = {"Tatana"}, ["txy"] = {"Tanosy Malagasy"}, ["tya"] = {"Tauya"}, ["tye"] = {"Kyanga"}, ["tyh"] = {"O'du"}, ["tyi"] = {"Teke-Tsaayi"}, ["tyj"] = {"Tai Do", "Tai Yo"}, ["tyl"] = {"Thu Lao"}, ["tyn"] = {"Kombai"}, ["typ"] = {"Thaypan"}, ["tyr"] = {"Tai Daeng"}, ["tys"] = {"Tày Sa Pa"}, ["tyt"] = {"Tày Tac"}, ["tyu"] = {"Kua"}, ["tyx"] = {"Teke-Tyee"}, ["tyz"] = {"Tày"}, ["tza"] = {"Tanzanian Sign Language"}, ["tzn"] = {"Tugun"}, ["tzx"] = {"Tabriak"}, ["uan"] = {"Kuan"}, ["uar"] = {"Tairuma"}, ["uba"] = {"Ubang"}, ["ubl"] = {"Buhi'non Bikol"}, ["ubr"] = {"Ubir"}, ["ubu"] = {"Umbu-Ungu"}, ["uda"] = {"Uda"}, ["udg"] = {"Muduga"}, ["udl"] = {"Wuzlam"}, ["ues"] = {"Kioko"}, ["ufi"] = {"Ufim"}, ["ugb"] = {"Kuku-Ugbanh"}, ["uge"] = {"Ughele"}, ["ugn"] = {"Ugandan Sign Language"}, ["ugo"] = {"Ugong"}, ["uha"] = {"Uhami"}, ["uhn"] = {"Damal"}, ["uis"] = {"Uisai"}, ["uiv"] = {"Iyive"}, ["uji"] = {"Tanjijili"}, ["uka"] = {"Kaburi"}, ["ukg"] = {"Ukuriguma"}, ["ukh"] = {"Ukhwejo"}, ["uki"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["ukk"] = {"Muak Sa-aak"}, ["ukl"] = {"Ukrainian Sign Language"}, ["ukp"] = {"Ukpe-Bayobiri"}, ["ukq"] = {"Ukwa"}, ["uku"] = {"Ukue"}, ["ukv"] = {"Kuku"}, ["ukw"] = {"Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"}, ["uky"] = {"Kuuk-Yak"}, ["ula"] = {"Fungwa"}, ["ulb"] = {"Ulukwumi"}, ["ull"] = {"Ullatan"}, ["ulm"] = {"Ulumanda'"}, ["ulu"] = {"Uma' Lung"}, ["uma"] = {"Umatilla"}, ["umd"] = {"Umbindhamu"}, ["umg"] = {"Morrobalama", "Umbuygamu"}, ["umi"] = {"Ukit"}, ["umm"] = {"Umon"}, ["umn"] = {"Makyan Naga"}, ["umo"] = {"Umotína"}, ["ump"] = {"Umpila"}, ["umr"] = {"Umbugarla"}, ["ums"] = {"Pendau"}, ["una"] = {"North Watut"}, ["une"] = {"Uneme"}, ["ung"] = {"Ngarinyin"}, ["unk"] = {"Enawené-Nawé"}, ["unn"] = {"Kurnai"}, ["unr"] = {"Mundari"}, ["unu"] = {"Unubahe"}, ["unx"] = {"Munda"}, ["unz"] = {"Unde Kaili"}, ["upi"] = {"Umeda"}, ["urb"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor", "Kaapor"}, ["urc"] = {"Urningangg"}, ["urg"] = {"Urigina"}, ["urh"] = {"Urhobo"}, ["uri"] = {"Urim"}, ["urk"] = {"Urak Lawoi'"}, ["url"] = {"Urali"}, ["urm"] = {"Urapmin"}, ["urn"] = {"Uruangnirin"}, ["uro"] = {"Ura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["urp"] = {"Uru-Pa-In"}, ["urr"] = {"Lehalurup", "Löyöp"}, ["urt"] = {"Urat"}, ["uru"] = {"Urumi"}, ["urv"] = {"Uruava"}, ["urw"] = {"Sop"}, ["urx"] = {"Urimo"}, ["usa"] = {"Usarufa"}, ["ush"] = {"Ushojo"}, ["usi"] = {"Usui"}, ["usk"] = {"Usaghade"}, ["uss"] = {"us-Saare"}, ["usu"] = {"Uya"}, ["uta"] = {"Otank"}, ["uth"] = {"ut-Hun"}, ["utr"] = {"Etulo"}, ["utu"] = {"Utu"}, ["uun"] = {"Kulon-Pazeh"}, ["uur"] = {"Ura (Vanuatu)"}, ["uve"] = {"West Uvean", "Fagauvea"}, ["uvh"] = {"Uri"}, ["uvl"] = {"Lote"}, ["uwa"] = {"Kuku-Uwanh"}, ["uya"] = {"Doko-Uyanga"}, ["uzn"] = {"Northern Uzbek"}, ["uzs"] = {"Southern Uzbek"}, ["vaa"] = {"Vaagri Booli"}, ["vae"] = {"Vale"}, ["vaf"] = {"Vafsi"}, ["vag"] = {"Vagla"}, ["vam"] = {"Vanimo"}, ["van"] = {"Valman"}, ["vao"] = {"Vao"}, ["vap"] = {"Vaiphei"}, ["vas"] = {"Vasavi"}, ["vau"] = {"Vanuma"}, ["vav"] = {"Varli"}, ["vay"] = {"Wayu"}, ["vbb"] = {"Southeast Babar"}, ["vbk"] = {"Southwestern Bontok"}, ["ved"] = {"Veddah"}, ["vel"] = {"Veluws"}, ["vem"] = {"Vemgo-Mabas"}, ["vgr"] = {"Vaghri"}, ["vgt"] = {"Vlaamse Gebarentaal", "Flemish Sign Language"}, ["vic"] = {"Virgin Islands Creole English"}, ["vid"] = {"Vidunda"}, ["vif"] = {"Vili"}, ["vig"] = {"Viemo"}, ["vin"] = {"Vinza"}, ["vis"] = {"Vishavan"}, ["vit"] = {"Viti"}, ["viv"] = {"Iduna"}, ["vka"] = {"Kariyarra"}, ["vki"] = {"Ija-Zuba"}, ["vkj"] = {"Kujarge"}, ["vkl"] = {"Kulisusu"}, ["vkm"] = {"Kamakan"}, ["vko"] = {"Kodeoha"}, ["vkt"] = {"Tenggarong Kutai Malay"}, ["vku"] = {"Kurrama"}, ["vlp"] = {"Valpei"}, ["vmb"] = {"Barbaram"}, ["vmc"] = {"Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["vmd"] = {"Mudu Koraga"}, ["vme"] = {"East Masela"}, ["vmf"] = {"Mainfränkisch"}, ["vmg"] = {"Lungalunga"}, ["vmh"] = {"Maraghei"}, ["vmi"] = {"Miwa"}, ["vmj"] = {"Ixtayutla Mixtec"}, ["vmk"] = {"Makhuwa-Shirima"}, ["vml"] = {"Malgana"}, ["vmm"] = {"Mitlatongo Mixtec"}, ["vmp"] = {"Soyaltepec Mazatec"}, ["vmq"] = {"Soyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["vmr"] = {"Marenje"}, ["vmu"] = {"Muluridyi"}, ["vmx"] = {"Tamazola Mixtec"}, ["vmy"] = {"Ayautla Mazatec"}, ["vnk"] = {"Vano", "Lovono"}, ["vnm"] = {"Vinmavis", "Neve'ei"}, ["vnp"] = {"Vunapu"}, ["vor"] = {"Voro"}, ["vra"] = {"Vera'a"}, ["vrs"] = {"Varisi"}, ["vrt"] = {"Burmbar", "Banam Bay"}, ["vsi"] = {"Moldova Sign Language"}, ["vto"] = {"Vitou"}, ["vum"] = {"Vumbu"}, ["vun"] = {"Vunjo"}, ["vut"] = {"Vute"}, ["vwa"] = {"Awa (China)"}, ["waa"] = {"Walla Walla"}, ["wab"] = {"Wab"}, ["wac"] = {"Wasco-Wishram"}, ["wad"] = {"Wandamen"}, ["waf"] = {"Wakoná"}, ["wag"] = {"Wa'ema"}, ["wah"] = {"Watubela"}, ["wai"] = {"Wares"}, ["waj"] = {"Waffa"}, ["wan"] = {"Wan"}, ["wat"] = {"Kaninuwa"}, ["wav"] = {"Waka"}, ["waw"] = {"Waiwai"}, ["wax"] = {"Watam", "Marangis"}, ["waz"] = {"Wampur"}, ["wbb"] = {"Wabo"}, ["wbe"] = {"Waritai"}, ["wbf"] = {"Wara"}, ["wbh"] = {"Wanda"}, ["wbi"] = {"Vwanji"}, ["wbj"] = {"Alagwa"}, ["wbm"] = {"Wa"}, ["wbr"] = {"Wagdi"}, ["wbs"] = {"West Bengal Sign Language"}, ["wbt"] = {"Warnman"}, ["wbv"] = {"Wajarri"}, ["wbw"] = {"Woi"}, ["wca"] = {"Yanomámi"}, ["wci"] = {"Waci Gbe"}, ["wdd"] = {"Wandji"}, ["wdg"] = {"Wadaginam"}, ["wdj"] = {"Wadjiginy"}, ["wdk"] = {"Wadikali"}, ["wdu"] = {"Wadjigu"}, ["wdy"] = {"Wadjabangayi"}, ["wea"] = {"Wewaw"}, ["wec"] = {"Wè Western"}, ["wed"] = {"Wedau"}, ["weg"] = {"Wergaia"}, ["weh"] = {"Weh"}, ["wei"] = {"Kiunum"}, ["wem"] = {"Weme Gbe"}, ["weo"] = {"Wemale"}, ["wer"] = {"Weri"}, ["wet"] = {"Perai"}, ["weu"] = {"Rawngtu Chin"}, ["wew"] = {"Wejewa"}, ["wfg"] = {"Yafi", "Zorop"}, ["wga"] = {"Wagaya"}, ["wgb"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wgg"] = {"Wangkangurru", "Wangganguru"}, ["wgi"] = {"Wahgi"}, ["wgo"] = {"Waigeo"}, ["wgu"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wgy"] = {"Warrgamay"}, ["wha"] = {"Sou Upaa", "Manusela"}, ["whg"] = {"North Wahgi"}, ["whk"] = {"Wahau Kenyah"}, ["whu"] = {"Wahau Kayan"}, ["wib"] = {"Southern Toussian"}, ["wie"] = {"Wik-Epa"}, ["wif"] = {"Wik-Keyangan"}, ["wig"] = {"Wik Ngathan"}, ["wih"] = {"Wik-Me'anha"}, ["wii"] = {"Minidien"}, ["wij"] = {"Wik-Iiyanh"}, ["wik"] = {"Wikalkan"}, ["wil"] = {"Wilawila"}, ["wim"] = {"Wik-Mungkan"}, ["wir"] = {"Wiraféd"}, ["wiu"] = {"Wiru"}, ["wiv"] = {"Vitu"}, ["wja"] = {"Waja"}, ["wji"] = {"Warji"}, ["wka"] = {"Kw'adza"}, ["wkb"] = {"Kumbaran"}, ["wkd"] = {"Wakde", "Mo"}, ["wkl"] = {"Kalanadi"}, ["wkr"] = {"Keerray-Woorroong"}, ["wku"] = {"Kunduvadi"}, ["wkw"] = {"Wakawaka"}, ["wky"] = {"Wangkayutyuru"}, ["wla"] = {"Walio"}, ["wlc"] = {"Mwali Comorian"}, ["wle"] = {"Wolane"}, ["wlg"] = {"Kunbarlang"}, ["wlh"] = {"Welaun"}, ["wli"] = {"Waioli"}, ["wlo"] = {"Wolio"}, ["wlr"] = {"Wailapa"}, ["wlu"] = {"Wuliwuli"}, ["wlv"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"}, ["wlw"] = {"Walak"}, ["wlx"] = {"Wali (Ghana)"}, ["wly"] = {"Waling"}, ["wma"] = {"Mawa (Nigeria)"}, ["wmb"] = {"Wambaya"}, ["wmc"] = {"Wamas"}, ["wmd"] = {"Mamaindé"}, ["wme"] = {"Wambule"}, ["wmh"] = {"Waima'a"}, ["wmi"] = {"Wamin"}, ["wmm"] = {"Maiwa (Indonesia)"}, ["wmn"] = {"Waamwang"}, ["wmo"] = {"Wom (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["wms"] = {"Wambon"}, ["wmt"] = {"Walmajarri"}, ["wmw"] = {"Mwani"}, ["wmx"] = {"Womo"}, ["wnb"] = {"Wanambre"}, ["wnc"] = {"Wantoat"}, ["wnd"] = {"Wandarang"}, ["wne"] = {"Waneci"}, ["wng"] = {"Wanggom"}, ["wni"] = {"Ndzwani Comorian"}, ["wnk"] = {"Wanukaka"}, ["wnm"] = {"Wanggamala"}, ["wnn"] = {"Wunumara"}, ["wno"] = {"Wano"}, ["wnp"] = {"Wanap"}, ["wnu"] = {"Usan"}, ["wny"] = {"Wanyi", "Waanyi"}, ["woa"] = {"Kuwema", "Tyaraity"}, ["wob"] = {"Wè Northern"}, ["woc"] = {"Wogeo"}, ["wod"] = {"Wolani"}, ["wog"] = {"Wogamusin"}, ["woi"] = {"Kamang"}, ["wok"] = {"Longto"}, ["wom"] = {"Wom (Nigeria)"}, ["won"] = {"Wongo"}, ["woo"] = {"Manombai"}, ["wor"] = {"Woria"}, ["wos"] = {"Hanga Hundi"}, ["wow"] = {"Wawonii"}, ["woy"] = {"Weyto"}, ["wra"] = {"Warapu"}, ["wrb"] = {"Waluwarra", "Warluwara"}, ["wrd"] = {"Warduji"}, ["wrg"] = {"Warungu", "Gudjal"}, ["wri"] = {"Wariyangga"}, ["wrk"] = {"Garrwa"}, ["wrl"] = {"Warlmanpa"}, ["wrm"] = {"Warumungu"}, ["wrn"] = {"Warnang"}, ["wro"] = {"Worrorra"}, ["wrp"] = {"Waropen"}, ["wrs"] = {"Waris"}, ["wru"] = {"Waru"}, ["wrv"] = {"Waruna"}, ["wrw"] = {"Gugu Warra"}, ["wry"] = {"Merwari"}, ["wsa"] = {"Warembori"}, ["wsg"] = {"Adilabad Gondi"}, ["wsi"] = {"Wusi"}, ["wsk"] = {"Waskia"}, ["wsr"] = {"Owenia"}, ["wss"] = {"Wasa"}, ["wsu"] = {"Wasu"}, ["wsv"] = {"Wotapuri-Katarqalai"}, ["wtf"] = {"Watiwa"}, ["wth"] = {"Wathawurrung"}, ["wtk"] = {"Watakataui"}, ["wtm"] = {"Mewati"}, ["wtw"] = {"Wotu"}, ["wua"] = {"Wikngenchera"}, ["wud"] = {"Wudu"}, ["wul"] = {"Silimo"}, ["wum"] = {"Wumbvu"}, ["wun"] = {"Bungu"}, ["wur"] = {"Wurrugu"}, ["wut"] = {"Wutung"}, ["wuv"] = {"Wuvulu-Aua"}, ["wux"] = {"Wulna"}, ["wuy"] = {"Wauyai"}, ["wwa"] = {"Waama"}, ["wwb"] = {"Wakabunga"}, ["wwo"] = {"Wetamut", "Dorig"}, ["wwr"] = {"Warrwa"}, ["www"] = {"Wawa"}, ["wxw"] = {"Wardandi"}, ["wyb"] = {"Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa"}, ["wyy"] = {"Western Fijian"}, ["xab"] = {"Sambe"}, ["xac"] = {"Kachari"}, ["xag"] = {"Aghwan"}, ["xai"] = {"Kaimbé"}, ["xaj"] = {"Ararandewára"}, ["xan"] = {"Xamtanga"}, ["xao"] = {"Khao"}, ["xap"] = {"Apalachee"}, ["xar"] = {"Karami"}, ["xau"] = {"Kauwera"}, ["xay"] = {"Kayan Mahakam"}, ["xbb"] = {"Lower Burdekin"}, ["xbd"] = {"Bindal"}, ["xbe"] = {"Bigambal"}, ["xbg"] = {"Bunganditj"}, ["xbi"] = {"Kombio"}, ["xbj"] = {"Birrpayi"}, ["xbn"] = {"Kenaboi"}, ["xbp"] = {"Bibbulman"}, ["xbr"] = {"Kambera"}, ["xby"] = {"Batjala", "Batyala"}, ["xcm"] = {"Comecrudo"}, ["xco"] = {"Chorasmian"}, ["xcv"] = {"Chuvantsy"}, ["xdo"] = {"Kwandu"}, ["xdy"] = {"Malayic Dayak"}, ["xed"] = {"Hdi"}, ["xeg"] = {"ǁXegwi"}, ["xel"] = {"Kelo"}, ["xem"] = {"Kembayan"}, ["xep"] = {"Epi-Olmec"}, ["xer"] = {"Xerénte"}, ["xes"] = {"Kesawai"}, ["xeu"] = {"Keoru-Ahia"}, ["xgb"] = {"Gbin"}, ["xgd"] = {"Gudang"}, ["xgg"] = {"Goreng"}, ["xgi"] = {"Garingbal"}, ["xgm"] = {"Dharumbal", "Guwinmal"}, ["xgn"] = {"Mongolian languages"}, ["xgr"] = {"Garza"}, ["xgu"] = {"Unggumi"}, ["xgw"] = {"Guwa"}, ["xhd"] = {"Hadrami"}, ["xhe"] = {"Khetrani"}, ["xhv"] = {"Khua"}, ["xii"] = {"Xiri"}, ["xir"] = {"Xiriâna"}, ["xis"] = {"Kisan"}, ["xjb"] = {"Minjungbal"}, ["xjt"] = {"Jaitmatang"}, ["xkb"] = {"Northern Nago"}, ["xkc"] = {"Kho'ini"}, ["xkd"] = {"Mendalam Kayan"}, ["xke"] = {"Kereho"}, ["xkf"] = {"Khengkha"}, ["xkg"] = {"Kagoro"}, ["xki"] = {"Kenyan Sign Language"}, ["xkj"] = {"Kajali"}, ["xkk"] = {"Kaco'"}, ["xkl"] = {"Mainstream Kenyah"}, ["xkn"] = {"Kayan River Kayan"}, ["xko"] = {"Kiorr"}, ["xkp"] = {"Kabatei"}, ["xkq"] = {"Koroni"}, ["xkr"] = {"Xakriabá"}, ["xks"] = {"Kumbewaha"}, ["xku"] = {"Kaamba"}, ["xkv"] = {"Kgalagadi"}, ["xkw"] = {"Kembra"}, ["xkx"] = {"Karore"}, ["xky"] = {"Uma' Lasan"}, ["xkz"] = {"Kurtokha"}, ["xla"] = {"Kamula"}, ["xlb"] = {"Loup B"}, ["xli"] = {"Liburnian"}, ["xln"] = {"Alanic"}, ["xlo"] = {"Loup A"}, ["xly"] = {"Elymian"}, ["xma"] = {"Mushungulu"}, ["xmb"] = {"Mbonga"}, ["xmc"] = {"Makhuwa-Marrevone"}, ["xmd"] = {"Mbudum"}, ["xmg"] = {"Mengaka"}, ["xmh"] = {"Kugu-Muminh"}, ["xmj"] = {"Majera"}, ["xml"] = {"Malaysian Sign Language"}, ["xmm"] = {"Manado Malay"}, ["xmn"] = {"Manichaean Middle Persian"}, ["xmo"] = {"Morerebi"}, ["xmp"] = {"Kuku-Mu'inh"}, ["xmq"] = {"Kuku-Mangk"}, ["xms"] = {"Moroccan Sign Language"}, ["xmt"] = {"Matbat"}, ["xmu"] = {"Kamu"}, ["xmv"] = {"Antankarana Malagasy", "Tankarana Malagasy"}, ["xmw"] = {"Tsimihety Malagasy"}, ["xmx"] = {"Maden"}, ["xmy"] = {"Mayaguduna"}, ["xmz"] = {"Mori Bawah"}, ["xnb"] = {"Kanakanabu"}, ["xnd"] = {"Na-Dene languages"}, ["xnh"] = {"Kuanhua"}, ["xni"] = {"Ngarigu"}, ["xnk"] = {"Nganakarti"}, ["xnm"] = {"Ngumbarl"}, ["xnn"] = {"Northern Kankanay"}, ["xnr"] = {"Kangri"}, ["xns"] = {"Kanashi"}, ["xnu"] = {"Nukunul"}, ["xny"] = {"Nyiyaparli"}, ["xnz"] = {"Kenzi", "Mattoki"}, ["xoc"] = {"O'chi'chi'"}, ["xod"] = {"Kokoda"}, ["xog"] = {"Soga"}, ["xoi"] = {"Kominimung"}, ["xom"] = {"Komo (Sudan)"}, ["xop"] = {"Kopar"}, ["xow"] = {"Kowaki"}, ["xpa"] = {"Pirriya"}, ["xpb"] = {"Northeastern Tasmanian", "Pyemmairrener"}, ["xpc"] = {"Pecheneg"}, ["xpd"] = {"Oyster Bay Tasmanian"}, ["xpe"] = {"Liberia Kpelle"}, ["xpf"] = {"Southeast Tasmanian", "Nuenonne"}, ["xph"] = {"North Midlands Tasmanian", "Tyerrenoterpanner"}, ["xpj"] = {"Mpalitjanh"}, ["xpk"] = {"Kulina Pano"}, ["xpl"] = {"Port Sorell Tasmanian"}, ["xpm"] = {"Pumpokol"}, ["xpn"] = {"Kapinawá"}, ["xpp"] = {"Puyo-Paekche"}, ["xpt"] = {"Punthamara"}, ["xpv"] = {"Northern Tasmanian", "Tommeginne"}, ["xpw"] = {"Northwestern Tasmanian", "Peerapper"}, ["xpx"] = {"Southwestern Tasmanian", "Toogee"}, ["xpz"] = {"Bruny Island Tasmanian"}, ["xqa"] = {"Karakhanid"}, ["xqt"] = {"Qatabanian"}, ["xra"] = {"Krahô"}, ["xrb"] = {"Eastern Karaboro"}, ["xrd"] = {"Gundungurra"}, ["xre"] = {"Kreye"}, ["xrg"] = {"Minang"}, ["xri"] = {"Krikati-Timbira"}, ["xrn"] = {"Arin"}, ["xru"] = {"Marriammu"}, ["xrw"] = {"Karawa"}, ["xse"] = {"Sempan"}, ["xsh"] = {"Shamang"}, ["xsi"] = {"Sio"}, ["xsj"] = {"Subi"}, ["xsm"] = {"Kasem"}, ["xsn"] = {"Sanga (Nigeria)"}, ["xsp"] = {"Silopi"}, ["xsq"] = {"Makhuwa-Saka"}, ["xss"] = {"Assan"}, ["xsy"] = {"Saisiyat"}, ["xtc"] = {"Katcha-Kadugli-Miri"}, ["xtd"] = {"Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"}, ["xte"] = {"Ketengban"}, ["xth"] = {"Yitha Yitha"}, ["xti"] = {"Sinicahua Mixtec"}, ["xtj"] = {"San Juan Teita Mixtec"}, ["xtn"] = {"Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["xtp"] = {"San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"}, ["xtq"] = {"Tumshuqese"}, ["xtr"] = {"Early Tripuri"}, ["xts"] = {"Sindihui Mixtec"}, ["xtt"] = {"Tacahua Mixtec"}, ["xtu"] = {"Cuyamecalco Mixtec"}, ["xtv"] = {"Thawa"}, ["xtw"] = {"Tawandê"}, ["xty"] = {"Yoloxochitl Mixtec"}, ["xua"] = {"Alu Kurumba"}, ["xub"] = {"Betta Kurumba"}, ["xud"] = {"Umiida"}, ["xuj"] = {"Jennu Kurumba"}, ["xul"] = {"Ngunawal", "Nunukul"}, ["xun"] = {"Unggaranggu"}, ["xuo"] = {"Kuo"}, ["xut"] = {"Kuthant"}, ["xwc"] = {"Woccon"}, ["xwd"] = {"Wadi Wadi"}, ["xwe"] = {"Xwela Gbe"}, ["xwj"] = {"Wajuk"}, ["xwl"] = {"Western Xwla Gbe"}, ["xwo"] = {"Written Oirat"}, ["xwr"] = {"Kwerba Mamberamo"}, ["xwt"] = {"Wotjobaluk"}, ["xww"] = {"Wemba Wemba"}, ["xxb"] = {"Boro (Ghana)"}, ["xxr"] = {"Koropó"}, ["xxt"] = {"Tambora"}, ["xya"] = {"Yaygir"}, ["xyb"] = {"Yandjibara"}, ["xyj"] = {"Mayi-Yapi"}, ["xyk"] = {"Mayi-Kulan"}, ["xyl"] = {"Yalakalore"}, ["xyt"] = {"Mayi-Thakurti"}, ["xyy"] = {"Yorta Yorta"}, ["xzh"] = {"Zhang-Zhung"}, ["xzp"] = {"Ancient Zapotec"}, ["yaa"] = {"Yaminahua"}, ["yab"] = {"Yuhup"}, ["yac"] = {"Pass Valley Yali"}, ["yah"] = {"Yazgulyam"}, ["yaj"] = {"Banda-Yangere"}, ["yak"] = {"Yakama"}, ["yal"] = {"Yalunka"}, ["yam"] = {"Yamba"}, ["yas"] = {"Nugunu (Cameroon)"}, ["yat"] = {"Yambeta"}, ["yav"] = {"Yangben"}, ["yax"] = {"Yauma"}, ["yay"] = {"Agwagwune"}, ["yaz"] = {"Lokaa"}, ["yba"] = {"Yala"}, ["ybb"] = {"Yemba"}, ["ybe"] = {"West Yugur"}, ["ybj"] = {"Hasha"}, ["ybk"] = {"Bokha"}, ["ybl"] = {"Yukuben"}, ["ybm"] = {"Yaben"}, ["ybn"] = {"Yabaâna"}, ["ybo"] = {"Yabong"}, ["ybx"] = {"Yawiyo"}, ["yby"] = {"Yaweyuha"}, ["ych"] = {"Chesu"}, ["ycl"] = {"Lolopo"}, ["ycp"] = {"Chepya"}, ["yda"] = {"Yanda"}, ["yde"] = {"Yangum Dey"}, ["ydg"] = {"Yidgha"}, ["ydk"] = {"Yoidik"}, ["yea"] = {"Ravula"}, ["yei"] = {"Yeni"}, ["yel"] = {"Yela"}, ["yer"] = {"Tarok"}, ["yes"] = {"Nyankpa"}, ["yet"] = {"Yetfa"}, ["yeu"] = {"Yerukula"}, ["yev"] = {"Yapunda"}, ["yey"] = {"Yeyi"}, ["yga"] = {"Malyangapa"}, ["ygi"] = {"Yiningayi"}, ["ygl"] = {"Yangum Gel"}, ["ygm"] = {"Yagomi"}, ["ygp"] = {"Gepo"}, ["ygr"] = {"Yagaria"}, ["ygs"] = {"Yolŋu Sign Language"}, ["ygu"] = {"Yugul"}, ["ygw"] = {"Yagwoia"}, ["yha"] = {"Baha Buyang"}, ["yhl"] = {"Hlepho Phowa"}, ["yhs"] = {"Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language"}, ["yia"] = {"Yinggarda"}, ["yif"] = {"Ache"}, ["yig"] = {"Wusa Nasu"}, ["yii"] = {"Yidiny"}, ["yij"] = {"Yindjibarndi"}, ["yik"] = {"Dongshanba Lalo"}, ["yil"] = {"Yindjilandji"}, ["yin"] = {"Riang Lai", "Yinchia"}, ["yip"] = {"Pholo"}, ["yiq"] = {"Miqie"}, ["yir"] = {"North Awyu"}, ["yis"] = {"Yis"}, ["yit"] = {"Eastern Lalu"}, ["yiu"] = {"Awu"}, ["yiv"] = {"Northern Nisu"}, ["yix"] = {"Axi Yi"}, ["yiz"] = {"Azhe"}, ["yki"] = {"Yoke"}, ["ykk"] = {"Yakaikeke"}, ["ykl"] = {"Khlula"}, ["ykm"] = {"Kap"}, ["ykn"] = {"Kua-nsi"}, ["ykr"] = {"Yekora"}, ["ykt"] = {"Kathu"}, ["yku"] = {"Kuamasi"}, ["yky"] = {"Yakoma"}, ["yla"] = {"Yaul"}, ["ylb"] = {"Yaleba"}, ["ylg"] = {"Yelogu"}, ["yli"] = {"Angguruk Yali"}, ["yll"] = {"Yil"}, ["ylm"] = {"Limi"}, ["yln"] = {"Langnian Buyang"}, ["ylo"] = {"Naluo Yi"}, ["ylr"] = {"Yalarnnga"}, ["ylu"] = {"Aribwaung"}, ["yly"] = {"Nyâlayu", "Nyelâyu"}, ["ymb"] = {"Yambes"}, ["ymc"] = {"Southern Muji"}, ["ymd"] = {"Muda"}, ["yme"] = {"Yameo"}, ["ymg"] = {"Yamongeri"}, ["ymh"] = {"Mili"}, ["ymi"] = {"Moji"}, ["ymk"] = {"Makwe"}, ["yml"] = {"Iamalele"}, ["ymm"] = {"Maay"}, ["ymo"] = {"Yangum Mon"}, ["ymp"] = {"Yamap"}, ["ymq"] = {"Qila Muji"}, ["ymr"] = {"Malasar"}, ["ymx"] = {"Northern Muji"}, ["ymz"] = {"Muzi"}, ["yna"] = {"Aluo"}, ["ynd"] = {"Yandruwandha"}, ["yne"] = {"Lang'e"}, ["yng"] = {"Yango"}, ["ynl"] = {"Yangulam"}, ["yno"] = {"Yong"}, ["ynq"] = {"Yendang"}, ["ynu"] = {"Yahuna"}, ["yob"] = {"Yoba"}, ["yog"] = {"Yogad"}, ["yom"] = {"Yombe"}, ["yon"] = {"Yongkom"}, ["yot"] = {"Yotti"}, ["yox"] = {"Yoron"}, ["yoy"] = {"Yoy"}, ["ypa"] = {"Phala"}, ["ypb"] = {"Labo Phowa"}, ["ypg"] = {"Phola"}, ["yph"] = {"Phupha"}, ["ypm"] = {"Phuma"}, ["ypn"] = {"Ani Phowa"}, ["ypo"] = {"Alo Phola"}, ["ypp"] = {"Phupa"}, ["ypz"] = {"Phuza"}, ["yra"] = {"Yerakai"}, ["yre"] = {"Yaouré"}, ["yrm"] = {"Yirrk-Mel"}, ["yrn"] = {"Yerong"}, ["yro"] = {"Yaroamë"}, ["yrs"] = {"Yarsun"}, ["yrw"] = {"Yarawata"}, ["yry"] = {"Yarluyandi"}, ["ysc"] = {"Yassic"}, ["ysd"] = {"Samatao"}, ["ysg"] = {"Sonaga"}, ["ysl"] = {"Yugoslavian Sign Language"}, ["ysn"] = {"Sani"}, ["yso"] = {"Nisi (China)"}, ["ysp"] = {"Southern Lolopo"}, ["yss"] = {"Yessan-Mayo"}, ["ysy"] = {"Sanie"}, ["yta"] = {"Talu"}, ["ytl"] = {"Tanglang"}, ["ytp"] = {"Thopho"}, ["ytw"] = {"Yout Wam"}, ["yty"] = {"Yatay"}, ["yub"] = {"Yugambal"}, ["yui"] = {"Yurutí"}, ["yul"] = {"Yulu"}, ["yum"] = {"Quechan"}, ["yun"] = {"Bena (Nigeria)"}, ["yuw"] = {"Yau (Morobe Province)"}, ["yux"] = {"Southern Yukaghir"}, ["yva"] = {"Yawa"}, ["ywa"] = {"Kalou"}, ["ywg"] = {"Yinhawangka"}, ["ywl"] = {"Western Lalu"}, ["ywq"] = {"Wuding-Luquan Yi"}, ["ywr"] = {"Yawuru"}, ["ywt"] = {"Xishanba Lalo", "Central Lalo"}, ["ywu"] = {"Wumeng Nasu"}, ["yww"] = {"Yawarawarga"}, ["yxa"] = {"Mayawali"}, ["yxl"] = {"Yardliyawarra"}, ["yxm"] = {"Yinwum"}, ["yxu"] = {"Yuyu"}, ["yxy"] = {"Yabula Yabula"}, ["yyr"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yyu"] = {"Yau (Sandaun Province)"}, ["yyz"] = {"Ayizi"}, ["yzg"] = {"E'ma Buyang"}, ["yzk"] = {"Zokhuo"}, ["zaa"] = {"Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"}, ["zab"] = {"Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec", "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"}, ["zac"] = {"Ocotlán Zapotec"}, ["zae"] = {"Yareni Zapotec"}, ["zaf"] = {"Ayoquesco Zapotec"}, ["zag"] = {"Zaghawa"}, ["zah"] = {"Zangwal"}, ["zaj"] = {"Zaramo"}, ["zak"] = {"Zanaki"}, ["zal"] = {"Zauzou"}, ["zam"] = {"Miahuatlán Zapotec"}, ["zao"] = {"Ozolotepec Zapotec"}, ["zaq"] = {"Aloápam Zapotec"}, ["zar"] = {"Rincón Zapotec"}, ["zas"] = {"Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["zau"] = {"Zangskari"}, ["zav"] = {"Yatzachi Zapotec"}, ["zax"] = {"Xadani Zapotec"}, ["zaz"] = {"Zari"}, ["zba"] = {"Balaibalan"}, ["zbc"] = {"Central Berawan"}, ["zbe"] = {"East Berawan"}, ["zbl"] = {"Blissymbols", "Bliss", "Blissymbolics"}, ["zbt"] = {"Batui"}, ["zbw"] = {"West Berawan"}, ["zca"] = {"Coatecas Altas Zapotec"}, ["zch"] = {"Central Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zdj"] = {"Ngazidja Comorian"}, ["zeg"] = {"Zenag"}, ["zeh"] = {"Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zga"] = {"Kinga"}, ["zgb"] = {"Guibei Zhuang"}, ["zgh"] = {"Standard Moroccan Tamazight"}, ["zgm"] = {"Minz Zhuang"}, ["zgn"] = {"Guibian Zhuang"}, ["zgr"] = {"Magori"}, ["zhd"] = {"Dai Zhuang"}, ["zhi"] = {"Zhire"}, ["zhn"] = {"Nong Zhuang"}, ["zhw"] = {"Zhoa"}, ["zhx"] = {"Chinese (family)"}, ["zia"] = {"Zia"}, ["zib"] = {"Zimbabwe Sign Language"}, ["zik"] = {"Zimakani"}, ["zil"] = {"Zialo"}, ["zim"] = {"Mesme"}, ["zin"] = {"Zinza"}, ["ziw"] = {"Zigula"}, ["ziz"] = {"Zizilivakan"}, ["zka"] = {"Kaimbulawa"}, ["zkd"] = {"Kadu"}, ["zkn"] = {"Kanan"}, ["zko"] = {"Kott"}, ["zkp"] = {"São Paulo Kaingáng"}, ["zkr"] = {"Zakhring"}, ["zku"] = {"Kaurna"}, ["zkv"] = {"Krevinian"}, ["zkz"] = {"Khazar"}, ["zle"] = {"East Slavic languages"}, ["zlj"] = {"Liujiang Zhuang"}, ["zlm"] = {"Malay (individual language)"}, ["zln"] = {"Lianshan Zhuang"}, ["zlq"] = {"Liuqian Zhuang"}, ["zls"] = {"South Slavic languages"}, ["zma"] = {"Manda (Australia)"}, ["zmb"] = {"Zimba"}, ["zmc"] = {"Margany"}, ["zmd"] = {"Maridan"}, ["zme"] = {"Mangerr"}, ["zmf"] = {"Mfinu"}, ["zmg"] = {"Marti Ke"}, ["zmh"] = {"Makolkol"}, ["zmi"] = {"Negeri Sembilan Malay"}, ["zmj"] = {"Maridjabin"}, ["zmk"] = {"Mandandanyi"}, ["zml"] = {"Matngala"}, ["zmm"] = {"Marimanindji", "Marramaninyshi"}, ["zmn"] = {"Mbangwe"}, ["zmp"] = {"Mpuono"}, ["zmq"] = {"Mituku"}, ["zmr"] = {"Maranunggu"}, ["zms"] = {"Mbesa"}, ["zmt"] = {"Maringarr"}, ["zmu"] = {"Muruwari"}, ["zmv"] = {"Mbariman-Gudhinma"}, ["zmw"] = {"Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["zmx"] = {"Bomitaba"}, ["zmy"] = {"Mariyedi"}, ["zmz"] = {"Mbandja"}, ["zna"] = {"Zan Gula"}, ["zne"] = {"Zande (individual language)"}, ["zng"] = {"Mang"}, ["znk"] = {"Manangkari"}, ["zns"] = {"Mangas"}, ["zom"] = {"Zou"}, ["zoo"] = {"Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zor"] = {"Rayón Zoque"}, ["zpa"] = {"Lachiguiri Zapotec"}, ["zpb"] = {"Yautepec Zapotec"}, ["zpc"] = {"Choapan Zapotec"}, ["zpd"] = {"Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"}, ["zpe"] = {"Petapa Zapotec"}, ["zpf"] = {"San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"}, ["zpg"] = {"Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec"}, ["zph"] = {"Totomachapan Zapotec"}, ["zpi"] = {"Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"}, ["zpj"] = {"Quiavicuzas Zapotec"}, ["zpk"] = {"Tlacolulita Zapotec"}, ["zpl"] = {"Lachixío Zapotec"}, ["zpm"] = {"Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zpn"] = {"Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"}, ["zpo"] = {"Amatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpp"] = {"El Alto Zapotec"}, ["zpr"] = {"Santiago Xanica Zapotec"}, ["zps"] = {"Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpt"] = {"San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpv"] = {"Chichicapan Zapotec"}, ["zpx"] = {"San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["zpy"] = {"Mazaltepec Zapotec"}, ["zpz"] = {"Texmelucan Zapotec"}, ["zqe"] = {"Qiubei Zhuang"}, ["zra"] = {"Kara (Korea)"}, ["zrg"] = {"Mirgan"}, ["zrn"] = {"Zerenkel"}, ["zrs"] = {"Mairasi"}, ["zsa"] = {"Sarasira"}, ["zsk"] = {"Kaskean"}, ["zsl"] = {"Zambian Sign Language"}, ["zsr"] = {"Southern Rincon Zapotec"}, ["zsu"] = {"Sukurum"}, ["zte"] = {"Elotepec Zapotec"}, ["ztg"] = {"Xanaguía Zapotec"}, ["ztl"] = {"Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"}, ["ztm"] = {"San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["ztn"] = {"Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["ztp"] = {"Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["ztq"] = {"Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"}, ["zts"] = {"Tilquiapan Zapotec"}, ["ztt"] = {"Tejalapan Zapotec"}, ["ztu"] = {"Güilá Zapotec"}, ["ztx"] = {"Zaachila Zapotec"}, ["zty"] = {"Yatee Zapotec"}, ["zua"] = {"Zeem"}, ["zuh"] = {"Tokano"}, ["zuy"] = {"Zumaya"}, ["zxx"] = {"No linguistic content", "Not applicable"}, ["zyb"] = {"Yongbei Zhuang"}, ["zyg"] = {"Yang Zhuang"}, ["zyj"] = {"Youjiang Zhuang"}, ["zyn"] = {"Yongnan Zhuang"}, ["zzj"] = {"Zuojiang Zhuang"}, } local deprecated = { ["in"] = {"Indonesian"}, ["iw"] = {"Hebrew"}, ["ji"] = {"Yiddish"}, ["jw"] = {"Javanese"}, ["aam"] = {"Aramanik"}, ["adp"] = {"Adap"}, ["agp"] = {"Paranan"}, ["ais"] = {"Nataoran Amis"}, ["aoh"] = {"Arma"}, ["asd"] = {"Asas"}, ["aue"] = {"ǂKxʼauǁʼein"}, ["ayx"] = {"Ayi (China)"}, ["ayy"] = {"Tayabas Ayta"}, ["baz"] = {"Tunen"}, ["bbz"] = {"Babalia Creole Arabic"}, ["bgm"] = {"Baga Mboteni"}, ["bhk"] = {"Albay Bicolano"}, ["bjd"] = {"Bandjigali"}, ["bjq"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bkb"] = {"Finallig"}, ["bmy"] = {"Bemba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bpb"] = {"Barbacoas"}, ["btl"] = {"Bhatola"}, ["bxx"] = {"Borna (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["cbe"] = {"Chipiajes"}, ["cbh"] = {"Cagua"}, ["cca"] = {"Cauca"}, ["ccq"] = {"Chaungtha"}, ["cdg"] = {"Chamari"}, ["cjr"] = {"Chorotega"}, ["cka"] = {"Khumi Awa Chin"}, ["cmk"] = {"Chimakum"}, ["coy"] = {"Coyaima"}, ["cum"] = {"Cumeral"}, ["daf"] = {"Dan"}, ["dap"] = {"Nisi (India)"}, ["dgu"] = {"Degaru"}, ["dha"] = {"Dhanwar (India)"}, ["dit"] = {"Dirari"}, ["djl"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dkl"] = {"Kolum So Dogon"}, ["drh"] = {"Darkhat"}, ["drr"] = {"Dororo"}, ["drw"] = {"Darwazi"}, ["dud"] = {"Hun-Saare"}, ["duj"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dwl"] = {"Walo Kumbe Dogon"}, ["dzd"] = {"Daza"}, ["ekc"] = {"Eastern Karnic"}, ["elp"] = {"Elpaputih"}, ["emo"] = {"Emok"}, ["gav"] = {"Gabutamon"}, ["gbc"] = {"Garawa"}, ["gfx"] = {"Mangetti Dune ǃXung"}, ["ggn"] = {"Eastern Gurung"}, ["ggo"] = {"Southern Gondi"}, ["ggr"] = {"Aghu Tharnggalu"}, ["gio"] = {"Gelao"}, ["gti"] = {"Gbati-ri"}, ["guv"] = {"Gey"}, ["hrr"] = {"Horuru"}, ["iap"] = {"Iapama"}, ["ibi"] = {"Ibilo"}, ["ill"] = {"Iranun"}, ["ilw"] = {"Talur"}, ["ime"] = {"Imeraguen"}, ["izi"] = {"Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"}, ["jeg"] = {"Jeng"}, ["kbf"] = {"Kakauhua"}, ["kdv"] = {"Kado"}, ["kgc"] = {"Kasseng"}, ["kgd"] = {"Kataang"}, ["kgh"] = {"Upper Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kjf"] = {"Khalaj [Indo-Iranian]"}, ["koj"] = {"Sara Dunjo"}, ["kox"] = {"Coxima"}, ["kpp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["krm"] = {"Krim"}, ["ktr"] = {"Kota Marudu Tinagas"}, ["kvs"] = {"Kunggara"}, ["kwq"] = {"Kwak"}, ["kxe"] = {"Kakihum"}, ["kxl"] = {"Nepali Kurux"}, ["kzj"] = {"Coastal Kadazan"}, ["kzt"] = {"Tambunan Dusun"}, ["lba"] = {"Lui"}, ["lii"] = {"Lingkhim"}, ["llo"] = {"Khlor"}, ["lmm"] = {"Lamam"}, ["lmz"] = {"Lumbee"}, ["lsg"] = {"Lyons Sign Language"}, ["meg"] = {"Mea"}, ["mgx"] = {"Omati"}, ["mhh"] = {"Maskoy Pidgin"}, ["mja"] = {"Mahei"}, ["mld"] = {"Malakhel"}, ["mnt"] = {"Maykulan"}, ["mof"] = {"Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett"}, ["mst"] = {"Cataelano Mandaya"}, ["mwd"] = {"Mudbura"}, ["mwj"] = {"Maligo"}, ["mwx"] = {"Mediak"}, ["mwy"] = {"Mosiro"}, ["myi"] = {"Mina (India)"}, ["myq"] = {"Forest Maninka"}, ["myt"] = {"Sangab Mandaya"}, ["nad"] = {"Nijadali"}, ["nbf"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nlr"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nns"] = {"Ningye"}, ["nnx"] = {"Ngong"}, ["noo"] = {"Nootka"}, ["nts"] = {"Natagaimas"}, ["nxu"] = {"Narau"}, ["ome"] = {"Omejes"}, ["oun"] = {"ǃOǃung"}, ["pbz"] = {"Palu"}, ["pcr"] = {"Panang"}, ["pgy"] = {"Pongyong"}, ["plp"] = {"Palpa"}, ["pmu"] = {"Mirpur Panjabi"}, ["pod"] = {"Ponares"}, ["ppa"] = {"Pao"}, ["prb"] = {"Lua'"}, ["pry"] = {"Pray 3"}, ["puk"] = {"Pu Ko"}, ["puz"] = {"Purum Naga"}, ["rie"] = {"Rien"}, ["rmr"] = {"Caló"}, ["rna"] = {"Runa"}, ["rsi"] = {"Rennellese Sign Language"}, ["sap"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["sca"] = {"Sansu"}, ["sdm"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sgl"] = {"Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"}, ["sgo"] = {"Songa"}, ["skk"] = {"Sok"}, ["snh"] = {"Shinabo"}, ["svr"] = {"Savara"}, ["tbb"] = {"Tapeba"}, ["tdu"] = {"Tempasuk Dusun"}, ["tgg"] = {"Tangga"}, ["thc"] = {"Tai Hang Tong"}, ["thw"] = {"Thudam"}, ["thx"] = {"The"}, ["tid"] = {"Tidong"}, ["tie"] = {"Tingal"}, ["tkk"] = {"Takpa"}, ["tlw"] = {"South Wemale"}, ["tmp"] = {"Tai Mène"}, ["tne"] = {"Tinoc Kallahan"}, ["tnf"] = {"Tangshewi"}, ["toe"] = {"Tomedes"}, ["tsf"] = {"Southwestern Tamang"}, ["unp"] = {"Worora"}, ["uok"] = {"Uokha"}, ["wgw"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wiw"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["xba"] = {"Kamba (Brazil)"}, ["xbx"] = {"Kabixí"}, ["xia"] = {"Xiandao"}, ["xip"] = {"Xipináwa"}, ["xrq"] = {"Karranga"}, ["ybd"] = {"Yangbye"}, ["yds"] = {"Yiddish Sign Language"}, ["yen"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yma"] = {"Yamphe"}, ["ymt"] = {"Mator-Taygi-Karagas"}, ["yos"] = {"Yos"}, ["yuu"] = {"Yugh"}, ["zir"] = {"Ziriya"}, } return { active = active, deprecated = deprecated, } p3dq278hu19ixtlz1oo93gra6pv5bla 828 5227 21308 2020-10-16T23:31:57Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «local U = mw.ustring.char -- Diacritics, from the [[Combining Diacritical Marks]] block. local grave = U(0x300) local acute = U(0x301) local ci...» Scribunto text/plain local U = mw.ustring.char -- Diacritics, from the [[Combining Diacritical Marks]] block. local grave = U(0x300) local acute = U(0x301) local circumflex = U(0x302) local tilde = U(0x303) local macron = U(0x304) local breve = U(0x306) local dot = U(0x307) local diaeresis = U(0x308) local double_acute = U(0x30B) local caron = U(0x30C) local double_grave = U(0x30F) local invbreve = U(0x311) local dot_below = U(0x323) local undertie = U(0x35C) --[[ This is a table of Wiktionary language codes with data belonging to them. Name is the "canonical name" used on Wiktionary. Article is the Wikipedia article. Script is the ISO 15924 code. ]] local data = { ["languages"] = { ["ab"] = { ["name"] = "Abkhaz", }, ["ang"] = { ["name"] = "Old English", ["article"] = {"Old English"}, -- ["scripts"] = {"Latn"}, -- Remove macrons, acutes, and overdots ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. macron .. acute .. dot .. "]" }, }, }, ["ar"] = { ["name"] = "Arabic", ["article"] = "Arabic language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Arab" }, ["direction"] = "rtl", -- Should be in the script data module. ["replacements"] = { -- ālif with wasla is replaced by ālif; [U(0x0671)] = U(0x0627), -- taṭwīl, fatḥatan, ḍammatan, kasratan, -- fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, -- shadda, sukūn, and superscript (dagger) ālif are removed. ["["..U(0x0640)..U(0x064B)..U(0x064C)..U(0x064D) ..U(0x064E)..U(0x064F)..U(0x0650) ..U(0x0651)..U(0x0652)..U(0x0670).."]"] = "", }, }, ["av"] = { ["name"] = "Avar" }, ["be"] = { ["article"] = "Belarusian language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Cyrl" }, ["replacements"] = { [acute] = "", }, }, ["bn"] = { ["name"] = "Bengali", ["article"] = "Bengali language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Beng" }, }, ["bua"] = { ["name"] = "Buryat", }, ["cel-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Celtic", ["Wikipedia_code"] = "cel-x-proto", }, ["cu"] = { ["name"] = "Old Church Slavonic", ["article"] = "Old Church Slavonic", -- ["scripts"] = { "Cyrs" }, }, ["de"] = { ["name"] = "German", ["article"] = "German language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, --[[ ["replacements"] = { ["ae"] = "ä", ["oe"] = "ö", ["ue"] = "ü", ["A[Ee]"] = "Ä", ["O[Ee]"] = "Ö", ["U[Ee]"] = "Ü", }, ]] }, ["en"] = { ["name"] = "English", ["article"] = "English language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, }, ["es"] = { ["name"] = "Spanish", ["article"] = "Spanish language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, }, ["egy"] = { ["name"] = "Egyptian", }, ["fr"] = { ["name"] = "French", ["article"] = "French language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, }, ["frm"] = { ["name"] = "Middle French", ["article"] = "Middle French", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, }, ["frp"] = { ["name"] = "Franco-Provençal", }, ["ff"] = { ["name"] = "Fula", }, ["gem-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Germanic", ["article"] = "Proto-Germanic language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, ["Wikipedia_code"] = "gem-x-proto", }, ["gml"] = { ["name"] = "Middle Low German", }, ["gmw-ecg"] = { ["name"] = "East Central German", }, ["goh"] = { ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. macron .. circumflex .. diaeresis .. "]", }, }, }, ["got"] = { ["name"] = "Gothic", ["article"] = "Gothic language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Goth" }, ["replacements"] = { -- Latin to Gothic since people will not want to have to copy -- and paste Gothic letters in ["[AÁaáĀā]"] = "𐌰", ["[Bb]"] = "𐌱", ["[Gg]"] = "𐌲", ["[Dd]"] = "𐌳", ["[EeĒē]"] = "𐌴", ["[Qq]"] = "𐌵", ["[Zz]"] = "𐌶", ["[Hh]"] = "𐌷", ["[Þþ]"] = "𐌸", ["[IiÍí]"] = "𐌹", ["[Kk]"] = "𐌺", ["[Ll]"] = "𐌻", ["[Mm]"] = "𐌼", ["[Nn]"] = "𐌽", ["[Jj]"] = "𐌾", ["[UuÚúŪū]"] = "𐌿", ["[Pp]"] = "𐍀", ["[Rr]"] = "𐍂", ["[Ss]"] = "𐍃", ["[Tt]"] = "𐍄", ["[WwYy]"] = "𐍅", ["[Ff]"] = "𐍆", ["[Xx]"] = "𐍇", ["[Ƕƕ]"] = "𐍈", -- Not sure if "hw" and "hv" can safely be converted ["[OoŌō]"] = "𐍉", }, }, ["gsw"] = { ["name"] = "Alemannic German", }, ["grc"] = { ["name"] = "Ancient Greek", ["article"] = "Ancient Greek", -- ["scripts"] = { "Grek" }, ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { -- Replace variant letterforms with standard ones. "ϐ", "ϵ", "ϑ", "ϰ", "ϱ", "ϲ", "ϕ", -- Remove macrons and breves. "[" .. macron .. breve .. undertie .. "]" }, to = { "β", "ε", "θ", "κ", "ρ", "σ", "φ", } }, }, ["grk-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Hellenic", ["Wikipedia_name"] = "Proto-Greek", ["article"] = "Proto-Greek language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, }, ["ha"] = { ["name"] = "Hausa", -- remove tilde, grave, acute, macron, circumflex ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. grave .. circumflex .. macron .. acute .. tilde .. "]" }, }, }, ["hi"] = { ["name"] = "Hindi", ["article"] = "Hindi", -- ["scripts"] = { "Deva" }, }, ["ine-bsl-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Balto-Slavic", ["article"] = "Proto-Balto-Slavic language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", }, ["ine-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Indo-European", ["article"] = "Proto-Indo-European language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, ["Wikipedia_code"] = "ine-x-proto", }, ["ja"] = { ["name"] = "Japanese", ["article"] = "Japanese language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Jpan" }, }, ["jbo"] = { -- Lojban ["type"] = "appendix", }, ["la"] = { ["name"] = "Latin", ["article"] = "Latin", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, ["replacements"] = { -- Remove macrons, breves, and diaereses. decompose = true, from = { "[" .. macron .. breve .. diaeresis .. "]" }, }, }, ["lt"] = { ["name"] = "Lithuanian", -- remove acute, tilde, grave ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. acute .. tilde .. grave .. "]" }, }, }, ["moe"] = { ["name"] = "Cree", }, ["mul"] = { ["name"] = "Translingual", ["article"] = "", -- ["scripts"] = { "" }, }, ["nci"] = { ["name"] = "Classical Nahuatl", ["article"] = "Classical Nahuatl", -- ["scripts"] = {"Latn"}, -- Remove macrons, acutes, circumflexes and graves ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, -- Remove macrons, acutes, circumflexes, graves, and saltillo; -- see [[Saltillo (linguistics)]]. from = { "[" .. grave .. acute .. macron .. circumflex .. "Ꞌꞌʻʼ'ʔ]" }, }, }, ["nds-de"] = { ["name"] = "German Low German", }, ["oge"] = { ["name"] = "Old Georgian", -- ["scripts"] = { "Geor", "Geok", }, }, ["oj"] = { ["name"] = "Ojibwe", }, ["orv"] = { ["name"] = "Old East Slavic", ["article"] = "Old East Slavic", -- ["scripts"] = { "Cyrs" }, ["replacements"] = { [U(0x484)] = "", }, }, ["osx"] = { ["name"] = "Old Saxon", }, ["pt"] = { ["name"] = "Portuguese", ["article"] = "Portuguese language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, }, ["pa"] = { ["name"] = "Punjabi", ["article"] = "Punjabi language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Guru", "Arab", }, }, ["ru"] = { ["name"] = "Russian", ["article"] = "Russian language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Cyrl" }, ["replacements"] = { [acute] = "", }, }, ["rw"] = { ["name"] = "Rwanda-Rundi", }, ["se"] = { ["replacements"] = { ["([đflmnŋrsšŧv])'%1"] = "%1%1", }, }, ["sem-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Semitic", ["article"] = "Proto-Semitic", ["type"] = "reconstructed", }, ["sh"] = { ["article"] = "Serbo-Croatian language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn", "Cyrl" }, ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "([AaEeIiOoUuRrАаЕеИиОоУуРр])[" .. double_grave .. grave .. invbreve .. acute .. macron .. tilde .. "]" }, to = { "%1" }, }, }, ["sl"] = { ["name"] = "Slovene", ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, -- remove tonal orthography from = {"ł", "[" .. grave .. acute .. macron .. double_grave .. invbreve .. circumflex .. dot_below .. "]"}, to = {"l"}, }, }, ["sla-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Slavic", -- also Common Slavic ["type"] = "reconstructed", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, ["replacements"] = { ["[ÀÁÃĀȀȂ]"] = "A", ["[àáãāȁȃ]"] = "a", ["[ÈÉẼĒȄȆ]"] = "E", ["[èéẽēȅȇ]"] = "e", ["[ÌÍĨĪȈȊ]"] = "I", ["[ìíĩīȉȋ]"] = "i", ["[ÒÓÕŌȌȎŐ]"] = "O", ["[òóõōȍȏő]"] = "o", ["[ÙÚŨŪȔȖŰ]"] = "U", ["[ùúũūȕȗű]"] = "u", ["[ỲÝỸȲ]"] = "Y", ["[ỳýỹȳ]"] = "y", ["Ǭ"] = "Ǫ", ["ǭ"] = "ǫ", ["[" .. grave .. acute .. double_acute .. tilde .. macron .. double_grave .. invbreve .. "]"] = "", ["ĭ"] = "ь", ["ŭ"] = "ъ", }, }, ["uk"] = { ["article"] = "Ukrainian language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Cyrl" }, ["replacements"] = { [acute] = "", } }, ["ur"] = { ["name"] = "Urdu", ["article"] = "Urdu", -- ["scripts"] = { "Arab" }, }, ["zh"] = { ["name"] = "Chinese", ["article"] = "Chinese language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Hani" }, }, ["xcl"] = { ["name"] = "Old Armenian", ["article"] = "Classical Armenian", -- ["scripts"] = { "Armn" }, ["replacements"] = { ["[՞՜՛՟]"] = "", ["և"] = "եւ", }, }, ["xgf"] = { ["name"] = "Tongva", -- not ISO name "Gabrielino-Fernandeño" ["article"] = "Tongva language", ["replacements"] = { ["['`ʔ]"] = "ʼ", }, }, ["xvn"] = { ["name"] = "Vandalic", ["article"] = "Vandalic language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, }, ["yua"] = { ["name"] = "Yucatec Maya", ["article"] = "Yucatec Maya language", -- ["scripts"] = { "" }, }, --[[ [""] = { ["name"] = "", ["article"] = "", -- ["scripts"] = { "" }, }, [""] = { ["name"] = "", ["article"] = "", -- ["scripts"] = { "" }, ["replacements"] = { }, }, ]] }, -- Here, keys (for example, "gem") are Wikipedia language codes used in -- {{lang}}, and values (for example, "gem-pro") are the equivalent Wiktionary -- code. -- Subtags are not currently supported. ["redirects"] = { ["aae"] = "sq", ["aiq"] = "fa", ["aln"] = "sq", ["als"] = "sq", ["azb"] = "az", ["azj"] = "az", ["bgn"] = "bal", ["bs"] = "sh", ["bxr"] = "bua", ["cel-x-proto"] = "cel-pro", ["ciw"] = "oj", ["cnr"] = "sh", ["fil"] = "tl", ["fuf"] = "ff", ["gem"] = "gem-pro", -- Not correct, but is commonly used. ["gem-x-proto"] = "gem-pro", ["hak"] = "zh", ["hbo"] = "he", ["hr"] = "sh", ["ine"] = "ine-pro", -- Not correct, but might be commonly used. ["ine-x-proto"] = "ine-pro", ["kjv"] = "sh", ["nan"] = "zh", ["prs"] = "fa", ["rn"] = "rw", ["sli"] = "gmw-ecg", ["sr"] = "sh", ["src"] = "sc", ["sro"] = "sc", ["tw"] = "ak", ["wae"] = "gsw", ["wep"] = "nds-de", ["yue"] = "zh", ["xno"] = "fro", }, } return data 2xzrstjo1uw0ou6n5wmii12rug5zhwp 828 5228 22566 21309 2021-04-13T21:26:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞድዩል:Language/data/iana scripts]] to [[ሞድዩል:Lang/data/iana scripts]] without leaving a redirect Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2020-09-29 return { ["Adlm"] = {"Adlam"}, ["Afak"] = {"Afaka"}, ["Aghb"] = {"Caucasian Albanian"}, ["Ahom"] = {"Ahom", "Tai Ahom"}, ["Arab"] = {"Arabic"}, ["Aran"] = {"Arabic (Nastaliq variant)"}, ["Armi"] = {"Imperial Aramaic"}, ["Armn"] = {"Armenian"}, ["Avst"] = {"Avestan"}, ["Bali"] = {"Balinese"}, ["Bamu"] = {"Bamum"}, ["Bass"] = {"Bassa Vah"}, ["Batk"] = {"Batak"}, ["Beng"] = {"Bengali", "Bangla"}, ["Bhks"] = {"Bhaiksuki"}, ["Blis"] = {"Blissymbols"}, ["Bopo"] = {"Bopomofo"}, ["Brah"] = {"Brahmi"}, ["Brai"] = {"Braille"}, ["Bugi"] = {"Buginese"}, ["Buhd"] = {"Buhid"}, ["Cakm"] = {"Chakma"}, ["Cans"] = {"Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"}, ["Cari"] = {"Carian"}, ["Cham"] = {"Cham"}, ["Cher"] = {"Cherokee"}, ["Chrs"] = {"Chorasmian"}, ["Cirt"] = {"Cirth"}, ["Copt"] = {"Coptic"}, ["Cpmn"] = {"Cypro-Minoan"}, ["Cprt"] = {"Cypriot syllabary"}, ["Cyrl"] = {"Cyrillic"}, ["Cyrs"] = {"Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic variant)"}, ["Deva"] = {"Devanagari", "Nagari"}, ["Diak"] = {"Dives Akuru"}, ["Dogr"] = {"Dogra"}, ["Dsrt"] = {"Deseret", "Mormon"}, ["Dupl"] = {"Duployan shorthand", "Duployan stenography"}, ["Egyd"] = {"Egyptian demotic"}, ["Egyh"] = {"Egyptian hieratic"}, ["Egyp"] = {"Egyptian hieroglyphs"}, ["Elba"] = {"Elbasan"}, ["Elym"] = {"Elymaic"}, ["Ethi"] = {"Ethiopic", "Geʻez", "Ge'ez"}, ["Geok"] = {"Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri)"}, ["Geor"] = {"Georgian (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli)"}, ["Glag"] = {"Glagolitic"}, ["Gong"] = {"Gunjala Gondi"}, ["Gonm"] = {"Masaram Gondi"}, ["Goth"] = {"Gothic"}, ["Gran"] = {"Grantha"}, ["Grek"] = {"Greek"}, ["Gujr"] = {"Gujarati"}, ["Guru"] = {"Gurmukhi"}, ["Hanb"] = {"Han with Bopomofo (alias for Han + Bopomofo)"}, ["Hang"] = {"Hangul", "Hangŭl", "Hangeul"}, ["Hani"] = {"Han", "Hanzi", "Kanji", "Hanja"}, ["Hano"] = {"Hanunoo", "Hanunóo"}, ["Hans"] = {"Han (Simplified variant)"}, ["Hant"] = {"Han (Traditional variant)"}, ["Hatr"] = {"Hatran"}, ["Hebr"] = {"Hebrew"}, ["Hira"] = {"Hiragana"}, ["Hluw"] = {"Anatolian Hieroglyphs", "Luwian Hieroglyphs", "Hittite Hieroglyphs"}, ["Hmng"] = {"Pahawh Hmong"}, ["Hmnp"] = {"Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong"}, ["Hrkt"] = {"Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana)"}, ["Hung"] = {"Old Hungarian", "Hungarian Runic"}, ["Inds"] = {"Indus", "Harappan"}, ["Ital"] = {"Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, etc.)"}, ["Jamo"] = {"Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul)"}, ["Java"] = {"Javanese"}, ["Jpan"] = {"Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana)"}, ["Jurc"] = {"Jurchen"}, ["Kali"] = {"Kayah Li"}, ["Kana"] = {"Katakana"}, ["Khar"] = {"Kharoshthi"}, ["Khmr"] = {"Khmer"}, ["Khoj"] = {"Khojki"}, ["Kitl"] = {"Khitan large script"}, ["Kits"] = {"Khitan small script"}, ["Knda"] = {"Kannada"}, ["Kore"] = {"Korean (alias for Hangul + Han)"}, ["Kpel"] = {"Kpelle"}, ["Kthi"] = {"Kaithi"}, ["Lana"] = {"Tai Tham", "Lanna"}, ["Laoo"] = {"Lao"}, ["Latf"] = {"Latin (Fraktur variant)"}, ["Latg"] = {"Latin (Gaelic variant)"}, ["Latn"] = {"Latin"}, ["Leke"] = {"Leke"}, ["Lepc"] = {"Lepcha", "Róng"}, ["Limb"] = {"Limbu"}, ["Lina"] = {"Linear A"}, ["Linb"] = {"Linear B"}, ["Lisu"] = {"Lisu", "Fraser"}, ["Loma"] = {"Loma"}, ["Lyci"] = {"Lycian"}, ["Lydi"] = {"Lydian"}, ["Mahj"] = {"Mahajani"}, ["Maka"] = {"Makasar"}, ["Mand"] = {"Mandaic", "Mandaean"}, ["Mani"] = {"Manichaean"}, ["Marc"] = {"Marchen"}, ["Maya"] = {"Mayan hieroglyphs"}, ["Medf"] = {"Medefaidrin", "Oberi Okaime", "Oberi Ɔkaimɛ"}, ["Mend"] = {"Mende Kikakui"}, ["Merc"] = {"Meroitic Cursive"}, ["Mero"] = {"Meroitic Hieroglyphs"}, ["Mlym"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["Modi"] = {"Modi", "Moḍī"}, ["Mong"] = {"Mongolian"}, ["Moon"] = {"Moon", "Moon code", "Moon script", "Moon type"}, ["Mroo"] = {"Mro", "Mru"}, ["Mtei"] = {"Meitei Mayek", "Meithei", "Meetei"}, ["Mult"] = {"Multani"}, ["Mymr"] = {"Myanmar", "Burmese"}, ["Nand"] = {"Nandinagari"}, ["Narb"] = {"Old North Arabian", "Ancient North Arabian"}, ["Nbat"] = {"Nabataean"}, ["Newa"] = {"Newa", "Newar", "Newari", "Nepāla lipi"}, ["Nkdb"] = {"Naxi Dongba", "na²¹ɕi³³ to³³ba²¹", "Nakhi Tomba"}, ["Nkgb"] = {"Naxi Geba", "na²¹ɕi³³ gʌ²¹ba²¹", "'Na-'Khi ²Ggŏ-¹baw", "Nakhi Geba"}, ["Nkoo"] = {"N’Ko", "N'Ko"}, ["Nshu"] = {"Nüshu"}, ["Ogam"] = {"Ogham"}, ["Olck"] = {"Ol Chiki", "Ol Cemet'", "Ol", "Santali"}, ["Orkh"] = {"Old Turkic", "Orkhon Runic"}, ["Orya"] = {"Oriya", "Odia"}, ["Osge"] = {"Osage"}, ["Osma"] = {"Osmanya"}, ["Palm"] = {"Palmyrene"}, ["Pauc"] = {"Pau Cin Hau"}, ["Perm"] = {"Old Permic"}, ["Phag"] = {"Phags-pa"}, ["Phli"] = {"Inscriptional Pahlavi"}, ["Phlp"] = {"Psalter Pahlavi"}, ["Phlv"] = {"Book Pahlavi"}, ["Phnx"] = {"Phoenician"}, ["Piqd"] = {"Klingon (KLI pIqaD)"}, ["Plrd"] = {"Miao", "Pollard"}, ["Prti"] = {"Inscriptional Parthian"}, ["Rjng"] = {"Rejang", "Redjang", "Kaganga"}, ["Rohg"] = {"Hanifi Rohingya"}, ["Roro"] = {"Rongorongo"}, ["Runr"] = {"Runic"}, ["Samr"] = {"Samaritan"}, ["Sara"] = {"Sarati"}, ["Sarb"] = {"Old South Arabian"}, ["Saur"] = {"Saurashtra"}, ["Sgnw"] = {"SignWriting"}, ["Shaw"] = {"Shavian", "Shaw"}, ["Shrd"] = {"Sharada", "Śāradā"}, ["Shui"] = {"Shuishu"}, ["Sidd"] = {"Siddham", "Siddhaṃ", "Siddhamātṛkā"}, ["Sind"] = {"Khudawadi", "Sindhi"}, ["Sinh"] = {"Sinhala"}, ["Sogd"] = {"Sogdian"}, ["Sogo"] = {"Old Sogdian"}, ["Sora"] = {"Sora Sompeng"}, ["Soyo"] = {"Soyombo"}, ["Sund"] = {"Sundanese"}, ["Sylo"] = {"Syloti Nagri"}, ["Syrc"] = {"Syriac"}, ["Syre"] = {"Syriac (Estrangelo variant)"}, ["Syrj"] = {"Syriac (Western variant)"}, ["Syrn"] = {"Syriac (Eastern variant)"}, ["Tagb"] = {"Tagbanwa"}, ["Takr"] = {"Takri", "Ṭākrī", "Ṭāṅkrī"}, ["Tale"] = {"Tai Le"}, ["Talu"] = {"New Tai Lue"}, ["Taml"] = {"Tamil"}, ["Tang"] = {"Tangut"}, ["Tavt"] = {"Tai Viet"}, ["Telu"] = {"Telugu"}, ["Teng"] = {"Tengwar"}, ["Tfng"] = {"Tifinagh", "Berber"}, ["Tglg"] = {"Tagalog", "Baybayin", "Alibata"}, ["Thaa"] = {"Thaana"}, ["Thai"] = {"Thai"}, ["Tibt"] = {"Tibetan"}, ["Tirh"] = {"Tirhuta"}, ["Toto"] = {"Toto"}, ["Ugar"] = {"Ugaritic"}, ["Vaii"] = {"Vai"}, ["Visp"] = {"Visible Speech"}, ["Wara"] = {"Warang Citi", "Varang Kshiti"}, ["Wcho"] = {"Wancho"}, ["Wole"] = {"Woleai"}, ["Xpeo"] = {"Old Persian"}, ["Xsux"] = {"Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform"}, ["Yezi"] = {"Yezidi"}, ["Yiii"] = {"Yi"}, ["Zanb"] = {"Zanabazar Square", "Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg", "Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig", "Horizontal Square Script"}, ["Zinh"] = {"Code for inherited script"}, ["Zmth"] = {"Mathematical notation"}, ["Zsye"] = {"Symbols (Emoji variant)"}, ["Zsym"] = {"Symbols"}, ["Zxxx"] = {"Code for unwritten documents"}, ["Zyyy"] = {"Code for undetermined script"}, ["Zzzz"] = {"Code for uncoded script"} } ajkqfjxgc4d152t51z145trvao7xa0s 828 5229 22567 21310 2021-04-13T21:27:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞድዩል:Language/data/iana regions]] to [[ሞድዩል:Lang/data/iana regions]] without leaving a redirect Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2020-09-29 return { ["AC"] = {"Ascension Island"}, ["AD"] = {"Andorra"}, ["AE"] = {"United Arab Emirates"}, ["AF"] = {"Afghanistan"}, ["AG"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda"}, ["AI"] = {"Anguilla"}, ["AL"] = {"Albania"}, ["AM"] = {"Armenia"}, ["AO"] = {"Angola"}, ["AQ"] = {"Antarctica"}, ["AR"] = {"Argentina"}, ["AS"] = {"American Samoa"}, ["AT"] = {"Austria"}, ["AU"] = {"Australia"}, ["AW"] = {"Aruba"}, ["AX"] = {"Åland Islands"}, ["AZ"] = {"Azerbaijan"}, ["BA"] = {"Bosnia and Herzegovina"}, ["BB"] = {"Barbados"}, ["BD"] = {"Bangladesh"}, ["BE"] = {"Belgium"}, ["BF"] = {"Burkina Faso"}, ["BG"] = {"Bulgaria"}, ["BH"] = {"Bahrain"}, ["BI"] = {"Burundi"}, ["BJ"] = {"Benin"}, ["BL"] = {"Saint Barthélemy"}, ["BM"] = {"Bermuda"}, ["BN"] = {"Brunei Darussalam"}, ["BO"] = {"Bolivia"}, ["BQ"] = {"Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba"}, ["BR"] = {"Brazil"}, ["BS"] = {"Bahamas"}, ["BT"] = {"Bhutan"}, ["BV"] = {"Bouvet Island"}, ["BW"] = {"Botswana"}, ["BY"] = {"Belarus"}, ["BZ"] = {"Belize"}, ["CA"] = {"Canada"}, ["CC"] = {"Cocos (Keeling) Islands"}, ["CD"] = {"The Democratic Republic of the Congo"}, ["CF"] = {"Central African Republic"}, ["CG"] = {"Congo"}, ["CH"] = {"Switzerland"}, ["CI"] = {"Côte d'Ivoire"}, ["CK"] = {"Cook Islands"}, ["CL"] = {"Chile"}, ["CM"] = {"Cameroon"}, ["CN"] = {"China"}, ["CO"] = {"Colombia"}, ["CP"] = {"Clipperton Island"}, ["CR"] = {"Costa Rica"}, ["CU"] = {"Cuba"}, ["CV"] = {"Cabo Verde", "Cape Verde"}, ["CW"] = {"Curaçao"}, ["CX"] = {"Christmas Island"}, ["CY"] = {"Cyprus"}, ["CZ"] = {"Czechia", "Czech Republic"}, ["DE"] = {"Germany"}, ["DG"] = {"Diego Garcia"}, ["DJ"] = {"Djibouti"}, ["DK"] = {"Denmark"}, ["DM"] = {"Dominica"}, ["DO"] = {"Dominican Republic"}, ["DZ"] = {"Algeria"}, ["EA"] = {"Ceuta, Melilla"}, ["EC"] = {"Ecuador"}, ["EE"] = {"Estonia"}, ["EG"] = {"Egypt"}, ["EH"] = {"Western Sahara"}, ["ER"] = {"Eritrea"}, ["ES"] = {"Spain"}, ["ET"] = {"Ethiopia"}, ["EU"] = {"European Union"}, ["EZ"] = {"Eurozone"}, ["FI"] = {"Finland"}, ["FJ"] = {"Fiji"}, ["FK"] = {"Falkland Islands (Malvinas)"}, ["FM"] = {"Federated States of Micronesia"}, ["FO"] = {"Faroe Islands"}, ["FR"] = {"France"}, ["GA"] = {"Gabon"}, ["GB"] = {"United Kingdom"}, ["GD"] = {"Grenada"}, ["GE"] = {"Georgia"}, ["GF"] = {"French Guiana"}, ["GG"] = {"Guernsey"}, ["GH"] = {"Ghana"}, ["GI"] = {"Gibraltar"}, ["GL"] = {"Greenland"}, ["GM"] = {"Gambia"}, ["GN"] = {"Guinea"}, ["GP"] = {"Guadeloupe"}, ["GQ"] = {"Equatorial Guinea"}, ["GR"] = {"Greece"}, ["GS"] = {"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"}, ["GT"] = {"Guatemala"}, ["GU"] = {"Guam"}, ["GW"] = {"Guinea-Bissau"}, ["GY"] = {"Guyana"}, ["HK"] = {"Hong Kong"}, ["HM"] = {"Heard Island and McDonald Islands"}, ["HN"] = {"Honduras"}, ["HR"] = {"Croatia"}, ["HT"] = {"Haiti"}, ["HU"] = {"Hungary"}, ["IC"] = {"Canary Islands"}, ["ID"] = {"Indonesia"}, ["IE"] = {"Ireland"}, ["IL"] = {"Israel"}, ["IM"] = {"Isle of Man"}, ["IN"] = {"India"}, ["IO"] = {"British Indian Ocean Territory"}, ["IQ"] = {"Iraq"}, ["IR"] = {"Islamic Republic of Iran"}, ["IS"] = {"Iceland"}, ["IT"] = {"Italy"}, ["JE"] = {"Jersey"}, ["JM"] = {"Jamaica"}, ["JO"] = {"Jordan"}, ["JP"] = {"Japan"}, ["KE"] = {"Kenya"}, ["KG"] = {"Kyrgyzstan"}, ["KH"] = {"Cambodia"}, ["KI"] = {"Kiribati"}, ["KM"] = {"Comoros"}, ["KN"] = {"Saint Kitts and Nevis"}, ["KP"] = {"Democratic People's Republic of Korea"}, ["KR"] = {"Republic of Korea"}, ["KW"] = {"Kuwait"}, ["KY"] = {"Cayman Islands"}, ["KZ"] = {"Kazakhstan"}, ["LA"] = {"Lao People's Democratic Republic"}, ["LB"] = {"Lebanon"}, ["LC"] = {"Saint Lucia"}, ["LI"] = {"Liechtenstein"}, ["LK"] = {"Sri Lanka"}, ["LR"] = {"Liberia"}, ["LS"] = {"Lesotho"}, ["LT"] = {"Lithuania"}, ["LU"] = {"Luxembourg"}, ["LV"] = {"Latvia"}, ["LY"] = {"Libya"}, ["MA"] = {"Morocco"}, ["MC"] = {"Monaco"}, ["MD"] = {"Moldova"}, ["ME"] = {"Montenegro"}, ["MF"] = {"Saint Martin (French part)"}, ["MG"] = {"Madagascar"}, ["MH"] = {"Marshall Islands"}, ["MK"] = {"North Macedonia"}, ["ML"] = {"Mali"}, ["MM"] = {"Myanmar"}, ["MN"] = {"Mongolia"}, ["MO"] = {"Macao"}, ["MP"] = {"Northern Mariana Islands"}, ["MQ"] = {"Martinique"}, ["MR"] = {"Mauritania"}, ["MS"] = {"Montserrat"}, ["MT"] = {"Malta"}, ["MU"] = {"Mauritius"}, ["MV"] = {"Maldives"}, ["MW"] = {"Malawi"}, ["MX"] = {"Mexico"}, ["MY"] = {"Malaysia"}, ["MZ"] = {"Mozambique"}, ["NA"] = {"Namibia"}, ["NC"] = {"New Caledonia"}, ["NE"] = {"Niger"}, ["NF"] = {"Norfolk Island"}, ["NG"] = {"Nigeria"}, ["NI"] = {"Nicaragua"}, ["NL"] = {"Netherlands"}, ["NO"] = {"Norway"}, ["NP"] = {"Nepal"}, ["NR"] = {"Nauru"}, ["NU"] = {"Niue"}, ["NZ"] = {"New Zealand"}, ["OM"] = {"Oman"}, ["PA"] = {"Panama"}, ["PE"] = {"Peru"}, ["PF"] = {"French Polynesia"}, ["PG"] = {"Papua New Guinea"}, ["PH"] = {"Philippines"}, ["PK"] = {"Pakistan"}, ["PL"] = {"Poland"}, ["PM"] = {"Saint Pierre and Miquelon"}, ["PN"] = {"Pitcairn"}, ["PR"] = {"Puerto Rico"}, ["PS"] = {"State of Palestine"}, ["PT"] = {"Portugal"}, ["PW"] = {"Palau"}, ["PY"] = {"Paraguay"}, ["QA"] = {"Qatar"}, ["RE"] = {"Réunion"}, ["RO"] = {"Romania"}, ["RS"] = {"Serbia"}, ["RU"] = {"Russian Federation"}, ["RW"] = {"Rwanda"}, ["SA"] = {"Saudi Arabia"}, ["SB"] = {"Solomon Islands"}, ["SC"] = {"Seychelles"}, ["SD"] = {"Sudan"}, ["SE"] = {"Sweden"}, ["SG"] = {"Singapore"}, ["SH"] = {"Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha"}, ["SI"] = {"Slovenia"}, ["SJ"] = {"Svalbard and Jan Mayen"}, ["SK"] = {"Slovakia"}, ["SL"] = {"Sierra Leone"}, ["SM"] = {"San Marino"}, ["SN"] = {"Senegal"}, ["SO"] = {"Somalia"}, ["SR"] = {"Suriname"}, ["SS"] = {"South Sudan"}, ["ST"] = {"Sao Tome and Principe"}, ["SV"] = {"El Salvador"}, ["SX"] = {"Sint Maarten (Dutch part)"}, ["SY"] = {"Syrian Arab Republic"}, ["SZ"] = {"Eswatini", "eSwatini", "Swaziland"}, ["TA"] = {"Tristan da Cunha"}, ["TC"] = {"Turks and Caicos Islands"}, ["TD"] = {"Chad"}, ["TF"] = {"French Southern Territories"}, ["TG"] = {"Togo"}, ["TH"] = {"Thailand"}, ["TJ"] = {"Tajikistan"}, ["TK"] = {"Tokelau"}, ["TL"] = {"Timor-Leste"}, ["TM"] = {"Turkmenistan"}, ["TN"] = {"Tunisia"}, ["TO"] = {"Tonga"}, ["TR"] = {"Turkey"}, ["TT"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago"}, ["TV"] = {"Tuvalu"}, ["TW"] = {"Taiwan, Province of China"}, ["TZ"] = {"United Republic of Tanzania"}, ["UA"] = {"Ukraine"}, ["UG"] = {"Uganda"}, ["UM"] = {"United States Minor Outlying Islands"}, ["UN"] = {"United Nations"}, ["US"] = {"United States"}, ["UY"] = {"Uruguay"}, ["UZ"] = {"Uzbekistan"}, ["VA"] = {"Holy See (Vatican City State)"}, ["VC"] = {"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"}, ["VE"] = {"Venezuela"}, ["VG"] = {"British Virgin Islands"}, ["VI"] = {"U.S. Virgin Islands"}, ["VN"] = {"Viet Nam"}, ["VU"] = {"Vanuatu"}, ["WF"] = {"Wallis and Futuna"}, ["WS"] = {"Samoa"}, ["YE"] = {"Yemen"}, ["YT"] = {"Mayotte"}, ["ZA"] = {"South Africa"}, ["ZM"] = {"Zambia"}, ["ZW"] = {"Zimbabwe"}, ["001"] = {"World"}, ["002"] = {"Africa"}, ["003"] = {"North America"}, ["005"] = {"South America"}, ["009"] = {"Oceania"}, ["011"] = {"Western Africa"}, ["013"] = {"Central America"}, ["014"] = {"Eastern Africa"}, ["015"] = {"Northern Africa"}, ["017"] = {"Middle Africa"}, ["018"] = {"Southern Africa"}, ["019"] = {"Americas"}, ["021"] = {"Northern America"}, ["029"] = {"Caribbean"}, ["030"] = {"Eastern Asia"}, ["034"] = {"Southern Asia"}, ["035"] = {"South-Eastern Asia"}, ["039"] = {"Southern Europe"}, ["053"] = {"Australia and New Zealand"}, ["054"] = {"Melanesia"}, ["057"] = {"Micronesia"}, ["061"] = {"Polynesia"}, ["142"] = {"Asia"}, ["143"] = {"Central Asia"}, ["145"] = {"Western Asia"}, ["150"] = {"Europe"}, ["151"] = {"Eastern Europe"}, ["154"] = {"Northern Europe"}, ["155"] = {"Western Europe"}, ["202"] = {"Sub-Saharan Africa"}, ["419"] = {"Latin America and the Caribbean"} } os486psopbsaxqtdnq1igp3azz1lve3 828 5230 22568 21311 2021-04-13T21:28:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞድዩል:Language/data/iana variants]] to [[ሞድዩል:Lang/data/iana variants]] without leaving a redirect Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2020-09-29 return { ["1606nict"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Late Middle French (to 1606)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"frm"}, }, ["1694acad"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Early Modern French"}, ["prefixes"] = {"fr"}, }, ["1901"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Traditional German orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"de"}, }, ["1959acad"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"\"Academic\" (\"governmental\") variant of Belarusian as codified in 1959"}, ["prefixes"] = {"be"}, }, ["1994"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standardized Resian orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj", "sl-rozaj-biske", "sl-rozaj-njiva", "sl-rozaj-osojs", "sl-rozaj-solba"}, }, ["1996"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"German orthography of 1996"}, ["prefixes"] = {"de"}, }, ["abl1943"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Orthographic formulation of 1943 - Official in Brazil (Formulário Ortográfico de 1943 - Oficial no Brasil)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pt-br"}, }, ["akuapem"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Akuapem Twi"}, ["prefixes"] = {"tw"}, }, ["alalc97"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"ALA-LC Romanization, 1997 edition"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["aluku"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Aluku dialect", "Boni dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"djk"}, }, ["ao1990"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pt", "gl"}, }, ["aranes"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Aranese"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["asante"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Asante Twi", "Ashanti Twi"}, ["prefixes"] = {"tw"}, }, ["auvern"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Auvergnat"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["baku1926"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet (Historical)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"az", "ba", "crh", "kk", "krc", "ky", "sah", "tk", "tt", "uz"}, }, ["balanka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Balanka dialect of Anii"}, ["prefixes"] = {"blo"}, }, ["barla"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Barlavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kea"}, }, ["basiceng"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Basic English"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["bauddha"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["biscayan"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Biscayan dialect of Basque"}, ["prefixes"] = {"eu"}, }, ["biske"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The San Giorgio dialect of Resian", "The Bila dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["bohoric"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Bohorič alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["boont"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Boontling"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["bornholm"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Bornholmsk"}, ["prefixes"] = {"da"}, }, ["cisaup"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Cisalpine"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["colb1945"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Portuguese-Brazilian Orthographic Convention of 1945 (Convenção Ortográfica Luso-Brasileira de 1945)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pt"}, }, ["cornu"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Cornu-English", "Cornish English", "Anglo-Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["creiss"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Occitan variants of the Croissant area"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["dajnko"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Dajnko alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["ekavsk"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Serbian with Ekavian pronunciation"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sr", "sr-latn", "sr-cyrl"}, }, ["emodeng"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Early Modern English (1500-1700)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["fonipa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"International Phonetic Alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonkirsh"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Kirshenbaum Phonetic Alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonnapa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"North American Phonetic Alphabet", "Americanist Phonetic Notation"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonupa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonxsamp"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"X-SAMPA transcription"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["gascon"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Gascon"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["grclass"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Classical Occitan orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["grital"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Italian-inspired Occitan orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["grmistr"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Mistralian or Mistralian-inspired Occitan orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["hepburn"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Hepburn romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ja-latn"}, }, ["hognorsk"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Norwegian in Høgnorsk (High Norwegian) orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"nn"}, }, ["hsistemo"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standard H-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto"}, ["prefixes"] = {"eo"}, }, ["ijekavsk"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Serbian with Ijekavian pronunciation"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sr", "sr-latn", "sr-cyrl"}, }, ["itihasa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Epic Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["ivanchov"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Bulgarian in 1899 orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"bg"}, }, ["jauer"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Jauer dialect of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["jyutping"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Jyutping Cantonese Romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"yue"}, }, ["kkcor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Common Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["kociewie"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Kociewie dialect of Polish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pl"}, }, ["kscor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standard Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish", "Kernowek Standard"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["laukika"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Classical Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["lemosin"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Limousin"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["lengadoc"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Languedocien"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["lipaw"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Lipovaz dialect of Resian", "The Lipovec dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["luna1918"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Post-1917 Russian orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ru"}, }, ["metelko"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Metelko alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["monoton"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Monotonic Greek"}, ["prefixes"] = {"el"}, }, ["ndyuka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Ndyuka dialect", "Aukan dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"djk"}, }, ["nedis"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Natisone dialect", "Nadiza dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["newfound"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Newfoundland English"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en-ca"}, }, ["nicard"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Niçard"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["njiva"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Gniva dialect of Resian", "The Njiva dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["nulik"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Volapük nulik", "Volapük perevidöl", "Volapük nulädik", "de Jong's Volapük", "New Volapük", "Revised Volapük", "Modern Volapük"}, ["prefixes"] = {"vo"}, }, ["osojs"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Oseacco dialect of Resian", "The Osojane dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["oxendict"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Oxford English Dictionary spelling"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["pahawh2"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Second Stage Reduced orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"}, }, ["pahawh3"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Third Stage Reduced orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"}, }, ["pahawh4"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Final Version orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"}, }, ["pamaka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pamaka dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"djk"}, }, ["peano"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Latino Sine Flexione", "Interlingua de API", "Interlingua de Peano"}, ["prefixes"] = {"la"}, }, ["petr1708"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Petrine orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ru"}, }, ["pinyin"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pinyin romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn", "bo-latn"}, }, ["polyton"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Polytonic Greek"}, ["prefixes"] = {"el"}, }, ["provenc"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Provençal"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["puter"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Puter idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["rigik"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Volapük rigik", "Schleyer's Volapük", "Original Volapük", "Classic Volapük"}, ["prefixes"] = {"vo"}, }, ["rozaj"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Resian", "Resianic", "Rezijan"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["rumgr"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Rumantsch Grischun"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["scotland"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Scottish Standard English"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["scouse"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Scouse"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["simple"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Simplified form"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["solba"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Stolvizza dialect of Resian", "The Solbica dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["sotav"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Sotavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kea"}, }, ["spanglis"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Spanglish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en", "es"}, }, ["surmiran"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Surmiran idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["sursilv"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Sursilvan idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["sutsilv"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Sutsilvan idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["tarask"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Belarusian in Taraskievica orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"be"}, }, ["tongyong"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Tongyong Pinyin romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn"}, }, ["tunumiit"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Tunumiisiut", "East Greenlandic", "Østgrønlandsk"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kl"}, }, ["uccor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unified Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["ucrcor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unified Cornish Revised orthography of Revived Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["ulster"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Ulster dialect of Scots"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sco"}, }, ["unifon"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unifon phonetic alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en", "hup", "kyh", "tol", "yur"}, }, ["vaidika"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Vedic Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["valencia"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Valencian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ca"}, }, ["vallader"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Vallader idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["vecdruka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Latvian orthography used before 1920s (\"vecā druka\")"}, ["prefixes"] = {"lv"}, }, ["vivaraup"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Vivaro-Alpine"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["wadegile"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Wade-Giles romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn"}, }, ["xsistemo"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standard X-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto"}, ["prefixes"] = {"eo"}, } } 8gfcq11qihf8knz0u7rd9ck1zl2gycx 828 5231 22569 21312 2021-04-13T21:28:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞድዩል:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts]] to [[ሞድዩል:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts]] without leaving a redirect Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2020-09-29 return { ["Arab"] = {"ar", "fa", "ps", "ur"}, ["Armn"] = {"hy"}, ["Beng"] = {"as", "bn"}, ["Blis"] = {"zbl"}, ["Cyrl"] = {"ab", "be", "bg", "kk", "mk", "ru", "uk"}, ["Deva"] = {"hi", "mr", "ne", "kok", "mai"}, ["Ethi"] = {"am", "ti"}, ["Geor"] = {"ka"}, ["Grek"] = {"el"}, ["Gujr"] = {"gu"}, ["Guru"] = {"pa"}, ["Hebr"] = {"he", "iw", "yi"}, ["Jpan"] = {"ja"}, ["Khmr"] = {"km"}, ["Knda"] = {"kn"}, ["Kore"] = {"ko"}, ["Laoo"] = {"lo"}, ["Latn"] = {"af", "ay", "bs", "ca", "ch", "cs", "cy", "da", "de", "en", "eo", "es", "et", "eu", "fi", "fj", "fo", "fr", "fy", "ga", "gl", "gn", "gv", "hr", "ht", "hu", "id", "in", "is", "it", "kl", "la", "lb", "ln", "lt", "lv", "mg", "mh", "mo", "ms", "mt", "na", "nb", "nd", "nl", "nn", "no", "nr", "ny", "om", "pl", "pt", "qu", "rm", "rn", "ro", "rw", "sg", "sk", "sl", "sm", "so", "sq", "ss", "st", "sv", "sw", "tl", "tn", "to", "tr", "ts", "ve", "vi", "xh", "zu", "dsb", "frr", "frs", "gsw", "hsb", "men", "nds", "niu", "nso", "tem", "tkl", "tmh", "tpi", "tvl"}, ["Mlym"] = {"ml"}, ["Mymr"] = {"my"}, ["Nkoo"] = {"nqo"}, ["Orya"] = {"or"}, ["Sinh"] = {"si"}, ["Taml"] = {"ta"}, ["Telu"] = {"te"}, ["Thaa"] = {"dv"}, ["Thai"] = {"th"}, ["Tibt"] = {"dz"} } l54rqb4fcqbdx43b4jmwvhloukogqch 828 5232 21313 2020-10-16T23:41:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «-- File-Date: 2013-01-11 return { ["aar"] = "aa", ["abk"] = "ab", ["afr"] = "af", ["aka"] = "ak", ["amh"] = "am", ["ara"] = "ar", ["arg"] = "an", ["as...» Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2013-01-11 return { ["aar"] = "aa", ["abk"] = "ab", ["afr"] = "af", ["aka"] = "ak", ["amh"] = "am", ["ara"] = "ar", ["arg"] = "an", ["asm"] = "as", ["ava"] = "av", ["ave"] = "ae", ["aym"] = "ay", ["aze"] = "az", ["bak"] = "ba", ["bam"] = "bm", ["bel"] = "be", ["ben"] = "bn", ["bih"] = "bh", ["bis"] = "bi", ["bod"] = "bo", ["bos"] = "bs", ["bre"] = "br", ["bul"] = "bg", ["cat"] = "ca", ["ces"] = "cs", ["cha"] = "ch", ["che"] = "ce", ["chu"] = "cu", ["chv"] = "cv", ["cor"] = "kw", ["cos"] = "co", ["cre"] = "cr", ["cym"] = "cy", ["dan"] = "da", ["deu"] = "de", ["div"] = "dv", ["dzo"] = "dz", ["ell"] = "el", ["eng"] = "en", ["epo"] = "eo", ["est"] = "et", ["eus"] = "eu", ["ewe"] = "ee", ["fao"] = "fo", ["fas"] = "fa", ["fij"] = "fj", ["fin"] = "fi", ["fra"] = "fr", ["fry"] = "fy", ["ful"] = "ff", ["gla"] = "gd", ["gle"] = "ga", ["glg"] = "gl", ["glv"] = "gv", ["grn"] = "gn", ["guj"] = "gu", ["hat"] = "ht", ["hau"] = "ha", ["heb"] = "he", ["her"] = "hz", ["hin"] = "hi", ["hmo"] = "ho", ["hrv"] = "hr", ["hun"] = "hu", ["hye"] = "hy", ["ibo"] = "ig", ["ido"] = "io", ["iii"] = "ii", ["iku"] = "iu", ["ile"] = "ie", ["ina"] = "ia", ["ind"] = "id", ["ipk"] = "ik", ["isl"] = "is", ["ita"] = "it", ["jav"] = "jv", ["jpn"] = "ja", ["kal"] = "kl", ["kan"] = "kn", ["kas"] = "ks", ["kat"] = "ka", ["kau"] = "kr", ["kaz"] = "kk", ["khm"] = "km", ["kik"] = "ki", ["kin"] = "rw", ["kir"] = "ky", ["kom"] = "kv", ["kon"] = "kg", ["kor"] = "ko", ["kua"] = "kj", ["kur"] = "ku", ["lao"] = "lo", ["lat"] = "la", ["lav"] = "lv", ["lim"] = "li", ["lin"] = "ln", ["lit"] = "lt", ["ltz"] = "lb", ["lub"] = "lu", ["lug"] = "lg", ["mah"] = "mh", ["mal"] = "ml", ["mar"] = "mr", ["mkd"] = "mk", ["mlg"] = "mg", ["mlt"] = "mt", ["mon"] = "mn", ["mri"] = "mi", ["msa"] = "ms", ["mya"] = "my", ["nau"] = "na", ["nav"] = "nv", ["nbl"] = "nr", ["nde"] = "nd", ["ndo"] = "ng", ["nep"] = "ne", ["nld"] = "nl", ["nno"] = "nn", ["nob"] = "nb", ["nor"] = "no", ["nya"] = "ny", ["oci"] = "oc", ["oji"] = "oj", ["ori"] = "or", ["orm"] = "om", ["oss"] = "os", ["pan"] = "pa", ["pli"] = "pi", ["pol"] = "pl", ["por"] = "pt", ["pus"] = "ps", ["que"] = "qu", ["roh"] = "rm", ["ron"] = "ro", ["run"] = "rn", ["rus"] = "ru", ["sag"] = "sg", ["san"] = "sa", ["sin"] = "si", ["slk"] = "sk", ["slv"] = "sl", ["sme"] = "se", ["smo"] = "sm", ["sna"] = "sn", ["snd"] = "sd", ["som"] = "so", ["sot"] = "st", ["spa"] = "es", ["sqi"] = "sq", ["srd"] = "sc", ["srp"] = "sr", ["ssw"] = "ss", ["sun"] = "su", ["swa"] = "sw", ["swe"] = "sv", ["tah"] = "ty", ["tam"] = "ta", ["tat"] = "tt", ["tel"] = "te", ["tgk"] = "tg", ["tgl"] = "tl", ["tha"] = "th", ["tir"] = "ti", ["ton"] = "to", ["tsn"] = "tn", ["tso"] = "ts", ["tuk"] = "tk", ["tur"] = "tr", ["twi"] = "tw", ["uig"] = "ug", ["ukr"] = "uk", ["urd"] = "ur", ["uzb"] = "uz", ["ven"] = "ve", ["vie"] = "vi", ["vol"] = "vo", ["wln"] = "wa", ["wol"] = "wo", ["xho"] = "xh", ["yid"] = "yi", ["yor"] = "yo", ["zha"] = "za", ["zho"] = "zh", ["zul"] = "zu" } shzq5qyzo42nqfska6amwdq4g8lois9 0 5233 21319 2020-10-17T01:45:43Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ]] to [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] sh3lud6u58hflgb9vpsol85kc9dl585 0 5234 21324 2020-10-18T19:31:00Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[በረሊን]] to [[በርሊን]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[በርሊን]] 9hr39kwjpv280vvuoeeqh28tdx7rv69 8 5237 21340 2020-10-25T21:45:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ» wikitext text/x-wiki ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ l81ozyurunxtwpev6wccthjbpdyl9dd 0 5245 21354 2020-11-09T23:45:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣመሪካ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣመሪካ]] fukg6l1aqzjidzkj755ev55xoe15sb3 0 5246 21355 2020-11-09T23:46:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣመሪካ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣመሪካ]] fukg6l1aqzjidzkj755ev55xoe15sb3 0 5247 21356 2020-11-09T23:46:36Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣመሪካ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣመሪካ]] fukg6l1aqzjidzkj755ev55xoe15sb3 0 5248 22323 21357 2021-02-10T23:24:38Z Joanmp14 5782 updated wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ታሪኽ ሂወት}} [[ፋይል:President of the United States Joe Biden 2021 cropped.jpg|thumb|right|ባይደን ኣብ 2021።]] '''ጆሴፍ ሮቢነት ባይደን ጁንየር''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.፣ ኣብ [[ስክራንቶን]]፣ [[ፔንሲልቫንያ]]፣ 20 ሕዳር 1942 ተወልደ)፣ ከም '''ጆ ባይደን''' ብዝሓሸ ዝፍለጥ፣ ኣመሪካዊ [[ፖለቲከኛ]] ከምኡውን ናይ [[ሕቡራት መንግስታት]] ፕረዚደንት እዩ። [[መደብ:ናይ ታሪኽ ሂወት መዋቕራት]] [[መደብ:ጆ ባይደን]] p4j6atx4motpv0fk3t7ivdqdqxjiqpu 0 5249 21358 2020-11-09T23:58:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ጆ ባይደን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጆ ባይደን]] l4t9scr95zkjm0hknfwjbolcw18scee 8 5250 21361 2020-11-14T19:33:39Z Joanmp14 5782 restore wikipedia name wikitext text/x-wiki $1 - ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ 4ggaadef4v0onjn7ym3i58fr7b6uutf 0 5253 24768 21376 2024-05-09T00:36:05Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 20em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 90%; border: 0px solid #B0C4DE;" |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: large;" bgcolor=#B0C4DE | '''ጋዕናን ድሙ''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Image:Bad Cat logo.jpg|220px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; " bgcolor=#B0C4DE | '''Kötü Kedi Şerafettin''' |- ! ሓላፊ | Mehmet Kurtuluş<br />Ayşe Ünal |- ! ደረስትን | Bülent Üstün<br />Levent Kazak |- ! ሙዚቃ | Oğuz Kaplangı<br />Sabri Tuluğ Tırpan<br />Serkan Çeliköz |- ! Studio | Anima Istanbul |- ! Distrubutor | Odin's Eye Entertainment |- ! ለቐቐ | 5 ለካቲት 2016 <small>[[ቱርኪ|TR]]</small><ref name="TR">{{Cite web | title = Kötü Kedi Şerafettin usta oyuncuları bir araya getirdi | url = https://www.ntv.com.tr/sanat/kotu-kedi-serafettin-usta-oyunculari-bir-araya-getirdi,MBYtSuteB02QIGroQ1h9Vw | date = 2015-11-24 | publisher = ntv.com.tr }}</ref><br />2 ለካቲት 2017 <small>[[Panama|PA]]</small><ref name="PA">{{Cite web | author = González, Carlos H. | title = Bad Cat: Una película animada con sabor panameño | url = https://www.tvn-2.com/variedad/cine-y-tv/Bad-Cat-pelicula-animada-panameno_0_4677282287.html | date = 2017-01-29 | publisher = TVN Panamá }}</ref><br />23 ሕዳር 2017 <small>[[ኣርጀንቲና|AR]]</small><ref name="AR">{{Cite web | author = Croce, Isabel | title = Divertida y un poco violenta | url = http://www.laprensa.com.ar/459751-Divertida-y-un-poco-violenta.note.aspx | date = 2017-11-23 | publisher = La Prensa }}</ref><br />9 ነሓሰ 2018 <small>[[United Arab Emirates|AE]]</small><ref name="AE">{{Cite web | author = Newbould, Chris | title = 'Bad Cat' proves bad choice for families at UAE cinemas | url = https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/bad-cat-proves-bad-choice-for-families-at-uae-cinemas-1.759188 | date = 2018-08-12 | publisher = The National }}</ref><br />18 ጥቅምቲ 2018 <small>[[Portugal|PT]]</small><ref name="PT">{{Cite web | title = Trailer dobrado em português da animação turca “Gato Mau” | url = http://filmpt.com/trailer-dobrado-em-portugues-da-animacao-turca-gato-mau/ | date = 2018-08-16 | publisher = filmpt.com }}</ref> |- ! ሃገር | [[ቱርኪ]] |- ! ልሳን | [[ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ|ቱርክኛ]] |} '''ጋዕናን ድሙ''' (''{{lang|tr|Kötü Kedi Şerafettin}}'') 2016 ቱርካዊት አኒሜሽን ፊልም == ጸብጻብ == <references /> == መርበብ == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201127090757/http://thebadcatmovie.com/ thebadcatmovie.com] {{stub}} [[መደብ:ቱርኪ]] [[መደብ:ሲነማ]] 320hbqpnbpda3o8gl8mnvqqmmmnnb5r 10 5254 21385 21377 2020-11-25T14:56:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/styles.css]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only 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text/css /* ልሙድ ርእሰዋይ */ .main-header { border-bottom-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0; } /* Unordered lists */ .main-plainlist > ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .main-plainlist li { margin-bottom: 0; } /* መጋጠሚታት መጠወቒታት */ .main-top-right .mw-ui-quiet:hover, .main-top-right .mw-ui-quiet:focus, .main-footer .mw-ui-quiet:hover, .main-footer .mw-ui-quiet:focus { color: #0645ad; } /* Remove the numbering of the headings created by the option "Automatically number headings" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering]] */ .mw-headline-number { display: none; } /* ታብሌታት */ @media (min-width: 720px) { .main-wikimedia { padding-top: 1rem; padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; } } /* ኮምፕዩተራት */ @media (min-width: 1000px) { .main-wrapper { display: flex; margin: 0 -0.5rem; } .main-wrapper-column { flex: 1; margin: 0 0.5rem; } .main-wikimedia { padding-top: 1rem; padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; } } /* Cast columns at 55-45 % */ @media (min-width: 1000px) { .main-wrapper-column { width: 55%; } .main-wrapper-column + .main-wrapper-column { width: 45%; } .main-wrapper-column { flex: inherit; } } .main-box-image-only div { width: auto !important; } /* bugfix in skin-timeless */ body.skin-timeless .main-box-header:after, body.skin-timeless .main-top-header:after { border-bottom: 0 solid transparent; } qp1dydriql212wh3uoy74yd2ikx8nj5 10 5258 21384 21383 2020-11-25T14:54:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል/styles.css]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) sanitized-css text/css .main-box { background: #fff; border: solid #c8ccd1; border-width: 1px 0; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); margin: 0 -1rem 1rem; padding: 1rem; } .main-box > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } /* Resource of the day */ .main-box-image-only > .main-box-content { margin: 0.5rem -1rem 0; text-align: center; } .main-box-image-only > .main-box-content img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; } .main-box-imageCaption { text-align: center; } .main-box-imageCaption > p { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left; } /* ክፋል */ .main-box-section { color: #72777d; line-height: 1.25; margin-top: -.125em; /* Balancing section name upper bound due to line-height: 1.25; */ } /* ርእሰዋይ */ .main-box-header { margin-top: -.15em; /* Balancing the upper bound of the header due to line-height: 1.3; */ } .main-box-header a { color: inherit; } .main-box-section + .main-box-header { /* When the name exists, reset the margin to the standard value */ margin-top: 0; } .main-box-header a:focus, .main-box:hover .main-box-header a, .main-box:hover .main-featuredLists-item > a { color: #0645ad; } /* እግሪ ገጽ */ .main-footer { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin-top: 1rem; position: relative; } .main-footer:empty { display: none; } .main-footer-actions { flex: 1; } .main-footer-actions > ul { align-items: center; display: flex; } /* Menu */ .main-footer-menu { align-items: stretch; display: flex; } .main-footer-menuToggle { align-items: center; display: flex; float: none; height: 100%; opacity: 0.87; } .main-footer-menuToggle:hover { opacity: 0.51; } /* Deployable */ .main-footer-menuDropdown { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.25 ); max-width: 15em; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 100%; z-index: 100; } .main-footer-menuDropdown .mw-ui-button { text-align: left; width: 100%; } /* ሞባይል ስልኪ */ @media (max-width: 719px) { .main-box-responsive-image > .floatleft, .main-box-responsive-image > .floatright { float: none; margin-left: -1rem; margin-right: -1rem; text-align: center; } .main-box-responsive-image > .floatleft > a, .main-box-responsive-image > .floatright > a { display: block; } } /* ታብሌታት */ @media (min-width: 720px) { .main-box { border-radius: 2px; border-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; } } /* ኮምፕዩተራት */ @media (min-width: 1000px) { .main-box { margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem; } .main-box-image-only > .main-box-content { margin-left: -1rem; margin-right: -1rem; } } gysg3lykwyvz1353j3dz9v2txc277s8 10 5259 21389 21388 2020-11-25T15:03:32Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Yesno]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch: {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>lc: {{{1|¬}}} }} |no |n |false |0 = {{{no|<!-- null -->}}} | = {{{blank|{{{no|<!-- null -->}}}}}} |¬ = {{{¬|}}} |yes |y |true |1 = {{{yes|yes}}} |#default = {{{def|{{{yes|yes}}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ezhpyhy5zqdahp0b3c9x2y4i7ct9ajy 10 5260 21391 21390 2020-11-25T15:27:02Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><templatestyles src="ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/OOUI/styles.css" /></noinclude><!-- --><templatestyles src="ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል/styles.css" /> <div id="main-{{{መንነት|መንነት}}}" class="main-box {{yesno|{{{ዝተሓርየ ምስሊ|}}}|yes=main-box-image-only}} {{yesno|{{{መበገሲ ምስሊ|}}}|yes=main-box-responsive-image}}"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{ሽም|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}} | <div id="{{{ሽም}}}" class="main-box-section">{{{ሽም}}}</div> }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{ርእሰዋይ|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}} | <h2 class="main-header main-box-header">{{{ርእሰዋይ}}}</h2> }} {{{ትሕዝቶ}}} {{clear}} {{#if:{{{ተግባራት|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}{{{ኣማራጽታት|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}} | <div class="main-footer"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{ተግባራት|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}} | <div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist {{yesno|{{{ፍሉይ ተግባራት|}}}|¬=|no=nomobile}}"> {{{ተግባራት}}} </div> }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{ኣማራጽታት|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}} | <div id="mw-customcollapsible-{{{መንነት|መንነት}}}" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-{{{መንነት|መንነት}}}">[[ፋይል:OOjs UI icon ellipsis.svg|20px|link=|alt=ተወሳኺ ተግባራት|ተወሳኺ ተግባራት]]</div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> {{{ኣማራጽታት}}} </div><!-- --></div> }}<!-- --></div> }} </div><noinclude>__NOTOC__ {{Documentation}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ]] </noinclude> 6l6sktw95ea134z0ll5ype0oym37l3q 10 5261 21393 21392 2020-11-25T15:34:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Trim]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if:1|{{{x|{{{1|}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> hsf2rz0d2qdwp81wwa254soub277256 10 5262 21395 21394 2020-11-25T15:38:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/መጠወቒ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|<noinclude>ኣብነት</noinclude>}}}|[[{{Trim|{{{1<noinclude>|ኣብነት</noinclude>}}} }}|<span class="mw-ui-button">{{{2|{{{1<noinclude>|ኣብነት</noinclude>}}}}}}</span>]]|}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ]] </noinclude> 7jt3n2likt1rq5wpxn826g981z2ozmg 10 5263 22468 21424 2021-03-03T10:09:36Z Joanmp14 5782 spelling corrections wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="font-size: 95%; padding-bottom:.2em; padding-top:.2em;"> {| |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:International flag globe.png|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ሃገራት|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ሃገራት|'''ሃገራት''']] | [[ፋይል:Science-symbol-2.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|left]][[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት‎|'''ስነ ፍልጠት''']] | [[ፋይል:Nuvola Eritrean flag.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ኤርትራ|left]][[ማዕጾ:ኤርትራ‎|'''ኤርትራ''']] |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:Nuvola Math and Inf.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ሕሳብ‎|left]][[ማዕጾ:ሕሳብ|'''ሕሳብ''']] | [[ፋይል:Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ናይ ኤርትራ ባህላዊ ፍልጠታት|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ናይ ኤርትራ ባህላዊ ፍልጠታት|'''ባህላዊ ፍልጠታት''']] | [[ፋይል:Gnome-globe.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ጂኦግራፊ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ጂኦግራፊ|'''ጂኦግራፊ''']] |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:Nuvola apps kuser.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|'''ሕብረተ ሰብ''']] | [[ፋይል:Nuvola devices tv.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ተለቪዥን|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ተለቪዥን|'''ተለቪዥን''']] | [[ፋይል:Socrates thumb.png|20px|link= ማዕጾ:ፍልስፍና‎|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ፍልስፍና‎|'''ፍልስፍና''']] |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:Foodlogo2.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ መግቢ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ መግቢ|'''ስነ መግቢ''']] | [[ፋይል:Monobook icon.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ተክኖሎጂ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ተክኖሎጂ|'''ተክኖሎጂ''']] | [[ፋይል:Emblem-money.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ቍጠባ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ቍጠባ|'''ቍጠባ''']] |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:Faenza-mypaint.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|'''ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን''']] | [[ፋይል:Noia 64 apps kworldclock.png|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ታሪኽ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ታሪኽ|'''ታሪኽ''']] | [[ፋይል:Globe of letters.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ቋንቋ‎|left]] [[ ማዕጾ:ቋንቋ|'''ቋንቋ''']] |} </div> <div style="border-top: 1px dotted #c088fe; font-size: 95%; padding-bottom:.2em; padding-top:.2em;"> {| |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:Religion icon.svg|25px|ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|ሃይማኖት]] | [[ፋይል:Scale of justice 2.svg|25px|ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|ሕጊ]] | [[ፋይል:Nuvola apps biology.png|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት‎|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት‎|ስነ ሂወት]] | [[ፋይል:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን| ስነ ጽሑፍ]] | [[ፋይል:Inkscape.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|ቅብኣ]] |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:Agriculture mix.svg|30px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|ሕርሻ]] | [[ፋይል:Physicist.svg|25px|link=ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት‎|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|ሕግታት ተፈጥሮ]] | [[ፋይል:N anthropology.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት‎|ስነ ሰብ]] | [[ፋይል:Crystal Project kstars.png|25px|link=ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|ስነ ጠፈር]] | [[ፋይል:Ciencias sociais.svg|25px|ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|ትምህርቲ]] |-valign="top" | [[ፋይል:Nuvola Red Plus.svg|25px|link=ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|ሕክምና|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|ሕክምና]] | [[ፋይል:Nuvola music.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|ሙዚቃ]] | [[ፋይል:Nuvola apps edu science.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|ስነ ቀመም ‎|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ፍልጠት|ስነ ቀመም]] | [[ፋይል:Sport balls.svg|25px|link= ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን| ስፖርት]] | [[ፋይል:Society.svg|30px|link= ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|left]] [[ማዕጾ:ሕብረተ ሰብ|ፖለቲካ]] |} </div> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ]] 9fjs9v86626fz47zrrw2ir2efcnvhv1 14 5264 21398 2020-11-28T00:01:44Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ብሽም ቦታታት]]» wikitext text/x-wiki [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ብሽም ቦታታት]] mc0gwgvuy3et3rhis0p8dgjm38zp08f 10 5265 23416 22512 2022-01-28T07:36:39Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki <p style="text-align:center;">ዊኪፐድያ ሓደ ካብቶም ፕሮጀክታት ዊኪሜድያ እዩ፣ ብ[http://wikimediafoundation.org/ መሰረት ዊኪሜድያ (Wikimedia Foundation)] ዝመሓደር።</p> {| style="background:transparent; margin: 0 auto;" |- | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪሜድያ ኮመንዝ|link=commons:Main_Page]] | '''[[Commons:Main_Page|ዊኪሜድያ ኮመንዝ]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">ምስልታትን ሕብረ-ሜድያውን</div> | | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪ-መዝገበ-ቃላት|link=wikt:መበገሲ_ገጽ]] | '''[[wikt:መበገሲ_ገጽ|ዊኪ-መዝገበ-ቃላት]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">ናጻ መዝገበ-ቃላት</div> |- | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg|30x30px|center|link=wikidata:Main_Page|ዊኪዳታ]] | '''[[wikidata:Wikidata:Main_Page|ዊኪዳታ]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">ናጻ መዋፈሪ ሓበሬታ</div> | | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪመጻሕፍቲ|link=wikibooks:Main_Page]] | '''[[wikibooks:Main_Page|ዊኪመጻሕፍቲ]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">መምሃሪ መጻሕፍትን መምርሒታትን</div> |- | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪዜና|link=wikinews:Main_Page]] | '''[[wikinews:Main_Page|ዊኪዜና]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">ናጻ ዜና</div> | | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪኰውት|link=wikiquote:Main_Page]] | '''[[wikiquote:Main_Page|ዊኪኰውት]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">ጥርናፈ ጥቕስታት</div> |- | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪሶርስ|link=wikisource:Main_Page]] | '''[[wikisource:Main_Page|ዊኪሶርስ]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">ናጻ ቤተ-መጻሕፍቲ</div> | | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪጅር|link=wikispecies:Main_Page]] | '''[[wikispecies:Main_Page|ዊኪጅር]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">መዝገብ ጅር</div> |- | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪቨርሲቲ|link=wikiversity:Main_Page]] | '''[[wikiversity:Wikiversity:Main_Page|ዊኪቨርሲቲ]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">መምሃሪ ሃብቲ</div> | | style="padding: 8px;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg|30x30px|center|ዊኪጉዕዞታት|link=wikivoyage:en:Main_page]] | '''[[wikivoyage:en:Main_page|ዊኪጉዕዞታት]]'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%">ሓባሪ ጉዕዞ</div> |- | colspan=5 style="padding: 8px; text-align: center;" | [[ፋይል:Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg|30x30px|ሜታ-ዊኪ|link=m:Main_Page]]<span style="padding-left: 8px;">'''[[m:Main_Page|ሜታ-ዊኪ]]''' – <span style="font-size: 90%">ምውህሃድ ፕሮጀክታት</span></span> |}<noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ]] </noinclude> cyyxqxjnecvgzx02tfnezxsza1s593e 10 5266 21403 2020-11-28T01:32:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{#if:{{{1|<noinclude>ኣብነት</noinclude>}}}|{{{1<noinclude>|ኣብነት</noinclude>}}}|<span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">{{{2|{{{1<noinclude>|...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|<noinclude>ኣብነት</noinclude>}}}|[[{{{1<noinclude>|ኣብነት</noinclude>}}}|<span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">{{{2|{{{1<noinclude>|ኣብነት</noinclude>}}}}}}</span>]]|}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ]] </noinclude> okq7sggqixuuyg53uznnansy0751lts 10 5267 21405 21404 2020-11-28T02:47:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/መጠቓለሊ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch: {{{show|}}}<!-- -->| link = {{#if: {{{title|{{{articlelink|}}}}}} | [[{{{title|{{{articlelink}}}}}}|{{Title without disambig|{{{title|{{{articlelink}}}}}}}}]] | <span class="error">Title missing</span> }}<!-- -->| title = {{#if: {{{title|{{{articlelink|{{{texttitle|}}}}}}}}} | {{{title|{{{articlelink|{{{texttitle}}}}}}}}} }}<!-- -->| image = {{{image|}}}<!-- -->| summary = {{{summary|{{{textFA|{{{description}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->| #default = <!-- -->{{#if: {{{image|}}}<!-- -->| [[ፋይል:{{{image}}}|{{{size|150px}}}|{{{position|right}}}|{{#if: {{{footer|}}} | thumbnail{{!}}{{{footer}}} | {{Title without disambig|{{{title|{{{texttitle|{{{articlelink|}}}}}}}}}}} }}]]<!-- -->}} {{{summary|{{{textFA|{{{description}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->| extras = <!-- -->{{#if: {{{previous1|}}}{{{previous2|}}}{{{previous3|}}} |<!-- -->{{#if: {{{previous1|}}} |* {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ዝርዝር‎ | {{{previous1}}} | {{Title without disambig|{{{previous1}}}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{previous2|}}} |* {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ዝርዝር‎ | {{{previous2}}} | {{Title without disambig|{{{previous2}}}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{previous3|}}} |* {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ዝርዝር‎ | {{{previous3}}} | {{Title without disambig|{{{previous3}}}}} }} }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ]] </noinclude> recrgkctyorme8mmfa8dx1i05v3q7ol 10 5268 21436 21434 2020-12-03T13:52:08Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><div style="float:right">[{{fullurl:ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/A|action=edit}} ኣመዓራርይ]</div><span style="font-size:16pt">Article currently featured on the main page</span> </noinclude>{{ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/A}} {{{show|}}} <noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ|ዝተሓርየ]]</noinclude> dmtpg1s5cwt1x3cu7msb962axfo2sng 10 5269 21408 21407 2020-11-28T03:29:51Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ቍጽሪ ወርሒ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} |ጥሪ|january|jan=1 |ለካቲት|ለካ|february=2 |መጋቢት|መጋ|march=3 |ሚያዝያ|ሚያ|april|apr=4 |ግንቦት|ግን|may=5 |jun|ሰነ|june=6 |jul|ሓም|ሓምለ|july=7 |ነሓሰ|ነሓ|august|aug=8 |መስከረም|sep|መስ|september=9 |ጥቅምቲ|ጥቅ|october=10 |ሕዳር|ሕዳ|november=11 |ታሕሳስ|ታሕ|december|dec=12 |{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}<0|{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})round 0)!=({{{1}}})|{{#expr:12-(((0.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}}|{{#expr:12-(((11.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}}}}|{{#expr:(((10.5+{{{1}}})round 0)mod 12)+1}}}}|{{{1}}} is not recognized as a valid month}}}} |{{#expr: {{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 6tp0yd82ho92ddkqvdpw5trdwkmgyq2 10 5270 21410 21409 2020-11-28T03:31:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ዕድመ ኣብ መዓልታት]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#expr:trunc({{#time:U|{{{መዓልቲ2|{{{4|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}}}}.{{ቍጽሪ ወርሒ|{{{ወርሒ2|{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}}}}}.{{padleft:{{{ዓመት2|{{{6|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|4}}}}/86400) - trunc({{#time:U|{{#if:{{{ወርሒ1|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{{መዓልቲ1|{{{1|}}}}}}.{{ቍጽሪ ወርሒ|{{{ወርሒ1|{{{2|}}}}}}}}.{{padleft:{{{ዓመት1|{{{3|}}}}}}|4}}|{{{1|{{REVISIONDAY2}}.{{REVISIONMONTH}}.{{REVISIONYEAR}}}}}}}}} /86400)}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 7hqijq7igftn10lxkemblmu7gaihsfe 10 5271 21412 21411 2020-11-28T03:33:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{#expr: (floor(({{ዕድመ ኣብ መዓልታት|2009-10-27}}+{{{1|0}}})/4 )) mod 4}} |0=A |1=B |2=C |3=D}}<noinclude> What letter corresponds to the featured article on the main page. * {{tl|መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል}} → {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል}} Optional parameter: offset. * {{tl|መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|-2}} → {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|-2}} * {{tl|መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|-1}} → {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|-1}} * {{tl|መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|0}} → {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|0}} * {{tl|መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|1}} → {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|1}} * {{tl|መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|2}} → {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|2}} * {{tl|መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|3}} → {{መበገሲ ገጽ:ዝተሓርየ/ፊደል|3}} </noinclude><noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> pzv9igka5jyvtbhb7t0l49ux69ytdok 10 5272 21413 2020-11-28T03:35:58Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{#switch:{{#expr: ( {{#switch:{{{1}}}|A=4|B=5|C=6|D=7|error}} + ({{{2}}})) mod 4 }} |0=A|1=B|2=C|3=D}}<noinclude> መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{#expr: ( {{#switch:{{{1}}}|A=4|B=5|C=6|D=7|error}} + ({{{2}}})) mod 4 }} |0=A|1=B|2=C|3=D}}<noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> o032d94qd6qiglqskqdudjwzlwn0qzn 10 5273 21415 21414 2020-11-28T04:04:58Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><templatestyles src="ሞደል:መበገሲ ገጽ/OOUI/styles.css" /> {{#switch: {{{1|}}} |ዝጽ= {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል |ሽም = {{#switch: {{{1|}}} |ዝጽ=ዝተሓርየ ጽሑፍ }} |ርእሰዋይ = {{ {{PAGENAME}} |show=link }} |ትሕዝቶ = {{ {{PAGENAME}} }} |ተግባራት = * {{መበገሲ ገጽ/መጠወቒ‎ | {{ {{PAGENAME}} |show=title }} | ኣንብብ }} |ኣማራጽታት = {{#if: {{ {{PAGENAME}} |show=extras }} | : ''ዝቐደሙ፦'' {{ {{PAGENAME}} |show=extras }} }} |መበገሲ ምስሊ = 1 }} |POTD= {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል |ርእሰዋይ = ንዕለት ዝተሓርየ ምስሊ |ትሕዝቶ = {{POTD commons|thumb=no|title=no}} }} }} </includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ]] </noinclude> ihrfza2fhbgak5nnwhkcy4vlj2mad3j 10 5274 23415 21441 2022-01-27T12:04:15Z Joanmp14 5782 sync changes wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{መበገሲ ገጽ/ክፋል/ቅምሶ|ዝጽ}} </noinclude><includeonly>{{መበገሲ ገጽ/መጠቓለሊ | title = ጉግል | image = Google 2015 logo.svg | footer = ኣርማ ጉግል | summary = '''ጉግል ው.ሓ.ኩ''' (ውሱን ሓላፍነት ኩባንያ) (ብ[[እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ Google LLC)፣ ናይ [[ኣመሪካ|ኣመሪካዊ]] [[ኣልፋበት (ዋኒን)|ኣልፋበት]] ቀንዲ መለስተኛ (subsidiary) ኩባንያ እዩ፣ ፍሉይ ክእለቱ ድማ ምስ [[ኢንተርነት]]፣ [[ሶፍትዌር]]፣ ኤለክትሮኒካዊ መሳርሒታትን ካልኦት ቴክኖሎጂታትን ዝተኣሳሰሩ ፍርያትን ኣገልግሎታትን እዮም። ቀንዲ ፍርያት ጉግል ተመሳሳሊ ስም ዘሎ ናይ ኢንተርነት ትሕዝቶ ምድላይ ሞተር እዩ፣ ዋላ እኳ ካልኦት ፍርያትን ኣገልግሎታትን ከምቲ ናይ [[ጉግል ድራይቭ]] (Google Drive) ቤት ጽሕፈት ተርታ ኣቕሑ፣ እቲ [[ጂመይል]] (Gmail) ዝበሃል [[ኢመይል]]፣ ናይ [[ጉግል ካርታታት]] (Google Maps)፣ [[ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው]]ን (Google Street View) [[ጉግል ኤርዝ]]ን (Google Earth) ናይ ካርታ ኣገልግሎታቱ፣ እቲ ናይ [[ዩትዩብ]] (YouTube) ቪድዮታት መርበብ ሓበሬታን ካልኦት ናይ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ኣገልግሎታትን ከም [[ጉግል መጻሕፍቲ]] (Google Books)፣ [[ጉግል ዜና]]ን (Google News) [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]]ን (Google Translate) የቕርብ እንተኾነ። | previous1 = | previous2 = | previous3 = | show = {{{show|}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት መበገሲ ገጽ|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> swrcz3qoba0k2r1wbbngvn3cohslm34 10 5277 23558 22222 2022-05-01T20:57:14Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | class = geography vcard | classtitle = map fn org | titlestyle = padding:0 | title = {{{ስም|{{{ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|}}}|<br />''{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም}}}''}} | subtitle1 = {{#if:{{{ዜግነት_ህዝቢ|{{{ዜግነት ህዝቢ|}}}}}}| '''ዜግነት ህዝቢ፦''' {{lc:{{{ዜግነት_ህዝቢ|{{{ዜግነት ህዝቢ|}}}}}}}} }} | image = {{{ካርታ|{{{ካርታ|}}}}}} | imagesize = {{{መጠን_ካርታ|240px}}} | label1 = ስፍሓት | data1 = {{{ስፍሓት|{{{ስፍሓት|}}}}}}{{#if:{{{ስፍሓት|{{{ስፍሓት|}}}}}}|&#32;<small>[[ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር|ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]]</small>}} | label2 = ገምገም | data2 = {{{ገምገም|{{{ገምገም|}}}}}}{{#if:{{{ገምገም|{{{ገምገም|}}}}}}|&#32;<small>[[ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር|ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]]</small>}} | label3 = [[ብዝሒ ህዝቢ]] | data3 = {{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|{{{&nbsp;|}}}}}}{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ|}}}}}}|&nbsp;}} | labelstyle4 = border:0;padding:1px 10px;font-weight:100 | datastyle4 = border:0;padding:1px 7px | label4 = •&nbsp;ግምት{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት|}}}|{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓመት}}}}|&nbsp;({{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓመት}}})}} | data4 = {{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ|}}}}}}{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ|}}}}}}|&#32;<small>ተቐመጥቲ</small>}} | labelstyle5 = border:0;padding:1px 10px;font-weight:100 | datastyle5 = border:0;padding:1px 7px | label5 = •&nbsp;ጻዕቂ | data5 = {{{ጻዕቂ|{{{ጻዕቂ|}}}}}}{{#if:{{{ጻዕቂ|{{{ጻዕቂ|}}}}}}|&#32;<small>ተቐመጥቲ/[[ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር|ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]]</small>}} | label6 = ንኡሳን ክፍልታት | data6 = {{#ifexist:ሰሜናዊ {{PAGENAME}}|[[ሰሜናዊ {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />}}{{#ifexist:ደቡባዊ {{PAGENAME}}|[[ደቡባዊ {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />}}{{#ifexist:ምብራቓዊ {{PAGENAME}}|[[ምብራቓዊ {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />}}{{#ifexist:ምዕራባዊ {{PAGENAME}}|[[ምዕራባዊ {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />}}{{#ifexist:ማእከላዊ {{PAGENAME}}|[[ማእከላዊ {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />}}{{{ንኡሳን_ክፍልታት|{{{ንኡሳን ክፍልታት|}}}}}} | label7 = ሃገራት | data7 = {{{ሃገራት|{{{ሃገራት|}}}}}} | label8 = ጽግዕተኛታት | data8 = {{{ጽግዕተኛታት|{{{ጽግዕተኛታት|}}}}}} | label9 = ኣፍልጦ ዘይረኸባ ሃገራት | data9 = {{{ኣፍልጦ_ዘይረኸባ_ሃገራት|{{{ኣፍልጦ ዘይረኸባ ሃገራት|}}}}}} | label10 = ርእሰ ከተማታት | data10 = {{{ርእሰ_ከተማታት|{{{ርእሰ ከተማታት|}}}}}} | label11 = ቋንቋ | data11 = {{{ቋንቋ|{{{ቋንቋ|}}}}}} | label12 = ዞባዊ ቋንቋታት | data12 = {{{ቋንቋታት|{{{ቋንቋታት|}}}}}} | label13 = ቅጽታት መንግስቲ | data13 = {{{ቅጽታት_መንግስቲ|{{{ቅጽታት መንግስቲ|}}}}}} | label14 = ዞባ ግዜ | data14 = {{{ዞባ_ግዜ|{{{ዞባ ግዜ|}}}}}} | label15 = ዓውዲ ኢንተርነት | data15 = {{{ኢንተርነት|{{{ኢንተርነት|}}}}}} | label16 = ባጤራ | data16 = {{{ባጤራ|}}} | label17 = ባጤራታት | data17 = {{{ባጤራታት|{{{ባጤራታት|}}}}}} | label18 = ዞባዊ ውድባት | data18 = {{{ዞባዊ_ውድባት|{{{ዞባዊ ውድባት|}}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> t2zdy9o1x5ql9bm7doooy0fp7k7170z 828 5278 21447 2020-12-12T23:02:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «-- This module implements {{Collapsible list}}. local p = {} local function gettitlestyletracking( ts ) if not ts then return '' end ts = mw.ustring.gsub(...» Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{Collapsible list}}. local p = {} local function gettitlestyletracking( ts ) if not ts then return '' end ts = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.lower(ts), '%s', '') local tsvals = mw.text.split(ts, ';') table.sort(tsvals) local skey = table.concat(tsvals,';') skey = mw.ustring.gsub(skey, '^;', '') skey = mw.text.encode(mw.text.encode(skey),'%c%[%]=') if (mw.ustring.match(';' .. ts, ';background:') or mw.ustring.match(';' .. ts, ';background%-color:')) and mw.ustring.match(';' .. ts, ';text%-align:') then return '[[Category:Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle|' .. skey .. ' ]]' end return '[[Category:Pages using collapsible list without both background and text-align in titlestyle|' .. skey .. ' ]]' end local function getListItem( data ) if not type( data ) == 'string' then return '' end return mw.ustring.format( '<li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">%s</li>', data ) end -- Returns an array containing the keys of all positional arguments -- that contain data (i.e. non-whitespace values). local function getArgNums( args ) local nums = {} for k, v in pairs( args ) do if type( k ) == 'number' and k >= 1 and math.floor( k ) == k and type( v ) == 'string' and mw.ustring.match( v, '%S' ) then table.insert( nums, k ) end end table.sort( nums ) return nums end -- Formats a list of classes, styles or other attributes. local function formatAttributes( attrType, ... ) local attributes = { ... } local nums = getArgNums( attributes ) local t = {} for i, num in ipairs( nums ) do table.insert( t, attributes[ num ] ) end if #t == 0 then return '' -- Return the blank string so concatenation will work. end return mw.ustring.format( ' %s="%s"', attrType, table.concat( t, ' ' ) ) end local function buildList( args ) -- Get the list items. local listItems = {} local argNums = getArgNums( args ) for i, num in ipairs( argNums ) do table.insert( listItems, getListItem( args[ num ] ) ) end if #listItems == 0 then return '' end listItems = table.concat( listItems ) -- Get class, style and title data. local div1class = formatAttributes( 'class', 'NavFrame', not args.expand and 'collapsed' ) local div1style = formatAttributes( 'style', args.frame_style, args.framestyle, not ( args.frame_style or args.framestyle ) and 'border: none; padding: 0;' ) local div2class = formatAttributes( 'class', 'NavHead' ) local div2style = formatAttributes( 'style', 'font-size: 105%;', args.title_style, args.titlestyle, not ( args.title_style or args.titlestyle ) and 'background: transparent; text-align: left;' ) local title = args.title or 'List' local ulclass = formatAttributes( 'class', 'NavContent', args.hlist and 'hlist' ) local ulstyle = formatAttributes( 'style', not args.bullets and 'list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;', args.list_style, args.liststyle, not ( args.list_style or args.liststyle ) and 'text-align: left;', 'font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;' ) -- Build the list. return mw.ustring.format( '<div%s%s>\n<div%s%s>%s</div>\n<ul%s%s>%s</ul>\n</div>', div1class, div1style, div2class, div2style, title, ulclass, ulstyle, listItems ) .. gettitlestyletracking(args.title_style or args.titlestyle) end function p.main( frame ) local origArgs if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then origArgs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do origArgs = frame.args break end else origArgs = frame end local args = {} for k, v in pairs( origArgs ) do if type( k ) == 'number' or v ~= '' then args[ k ] = v end end return buildList( args ) end return p i35e3e5pmo9kpwmlz07x169fvvlk9gp 10 5279 21477 21452 2020-12-13T16:49:03Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="{{#if:{{{frame_style|}}} |{{{frame_style|}}} |border:none; padding: 0; }}"> <div class="NavHead" style="{{#if:{{{title_style|}}}|{{{title_style|}}}|width:100%; background:transparent" align="left}}">{{#if:{{{ኣርእስቲ|}}}{{{title|}}} |{{{ኣርእስቲ|}}}{{{title|}}} |ዝርዝር ርኣይ }}</div><div class="NavContent" style="{{#if:{{{list_style|}}} |{{{list_style|}}} |text-align:left; }}"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{text|}}} |{{{text|}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{{1|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}} |<br />{{{2|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}} |<br />{{{3|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}} |<br />{{{4|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}} |<br />{{{5|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}} |<br />{{{6|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}} |<br />{{{7|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}} |<br />{{{8|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}} |<br />{{{9|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}} |<br />{{{10|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}} |<br />{{{11|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}} |<br />{{{12|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{13|}}} |<br />{{{13|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{14|}}} |<br />{{{14|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{15|}}} |<br 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-->{{#if:{{{130|}}} |<br />{{{130|}}} }}<!-- --></div> </div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> bh0xifzbzt718tl64zmdhkxk5t66fl7 10 5280 21454 2020-12-12T23:50:45Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ግሪንላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Greenland.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ግሪንላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Greenland.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }} 8izhznwtcvhhc7eufdgqb5e55ouaxso 10 5281 21456 2020-12-13T00:03:02Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሕቡራት ምድረ-ነገስት]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ብሪጣንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ብሪጣንያ]] kbxkoafpwnyiwq4h00p7zchfslfb545 10 5282 21460 2020-12-13T00:14:36Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data በልጅዩም]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ቤልጅዩም]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቤልጅዩም]] aoveubfealqj7q72i5bue6kbkjxyvbv 10 5283 21463 2020-12-13T00:18:55Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ዴንማርክ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ደንማርክ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ደንማርክ]] b1ey88lqq9aosvl26ztkiwvdk3qdo2t 10 5284 21464 2020-12-13T00:43:42Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞንተኔግሮ | flag alias = Flag of Montenegro.svg | flag alias-1993 = Flag of Montenegro (...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞንተኔግሮ | flag alias = Flag of Montenegro.svg | flag alias-1993 = Flag of Montenegro (1993-2004).svg | flag alias-naval = Flag of the Navy of Montenegro.svg | link alias-naval = Montenegrin Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1993 | redir1 = MNE | related1 = Principality of Montenegro | related2 = Kingdom of Montenegro | related3 = Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1944) | related4 = SR Montenegro </noinclude> }} a5xk52ezmfnsaifxi6p39vxcs6ptlsn 10 5285 21465 2020-12-13T00:46:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣልባንያ | flag alias = Flag of Albania.svg | flag alias-1914 = Albania 1914 Flag.gif | fl...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣልባንያ | flag alias = Flag of Albania.svg | flag alias-1914 = Albania 1914 Flag.gif | flag alias-1928 = Flag Kingdom Of Albania.svg | flag alias-1939 = Flag of Albania (1939).svg | flag alias-1946 = Flag of Albania 1946.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Albania.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Albania.svg | link alias-naval = Albanian Naval Defense Forces | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = civil | var2 = 1914 | var3 = 1928 | var4 = 1939 | var5 = 1946 | redir1 = ALB </noinclude> }} em66rzugecntut0r8gyjtagd4paxt6v 10 5286 21468 2020-12-13T00:55:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርመንያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርሜንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርሜንያ]] 4rs259kiikt54g7gdjbozcp8tltbo48 10 5287 21471 2020-12-13T01:02:06Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሮማኒያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] evrgj0wm83xuicxgojrywu64ahdfnxl 10 5288 21770 21730 2021-01-05T20:10:42Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki {{#tag:imagemap| Image:{{{Image|{{{1|Europe_on_the_globe_(red).svg}}}}}}{{!}}{{{size|{{{2|280px}}}}}}{{!}}{{{Alt|{{{3|center}}}}}}{{#if: {{{4|}}} | {{!}}{{{4}}}{{#if: {{{5|}}} | {{!}}{{{5}}} }} }} poly 218 792 169 744 160 711 213 674 244 659 295 657 336 659 334 647 358 645 386 653 434 659 464 678 464 700 499 707 525 694 594 701 610 720 623 739 658 767 684 804 698 825 718 831 746 835 763 818 787 803 787 834 753 884 730 911 717 928 736 936 783 919 819 916 817 931 783 957 747 975 719 987 693 999 674 1010 635 1014 610 1019 592 1022 566 1028 532 1030 486 1028 462 1024 445 1004 408 957 390 908 318 894 251 883 215 851 190 798 209 780 [[ኣፍሪቃ]] poly 583 234 588 265 617 279 614 305 621 340 651 346 678 355 671 373 665 393 679 410 686 427 688 449 694 449 698 453 697 470 714 477 734 490 706 499 695 501 685 502 680 511 691 529 699 541 701 544 699 550 691 566 701 585 714 599 719 619 710 606 684 597 662 595 640 607 627 615 609 619 578 627 572 637 557 642 556 643 556 668 569 678 576 685 595 687 619 693 620 701 600 708 631 746 658 762 673 793 708 823 728 834 747 821 770 802 791 800 814 793 837 741 887 687 908 685 957 713 985 692 984 633 986 583 1016 606 1021 601 1028 466 972 274 906 180 868 147 829 113 788 101 758 130 743 125 744 119 763 104 758 85 728 76 692 78 671 80 628 73 595 67 550 56 544 89 552 112 564 128 579 148 597 172 605 193 582 227 [[ኤስያ]] poly 514 23 556 21 546 56 539 113 514 145 456 150 449 183 474 235 485 263 479 295 444 337 419 360 363 362 312 357 250 345 252 320 257 298 242 316 232 352 211 379 190 391 131 383 104 339 82 322 60 360 54 388 49 414 45 434 41 457 41 459 41 459 19 460 10 451 9 429 11 394 7 352 71 245 123 183 167 134 221 84 286 55 355 35 431 21 [[ኣመሪካ (ክፍለ ዓለም)|ኣመሪካ]] poly 7 416 15 454 22 480 30 494 27 553 41 605 48 647 60 680 77 716 94 746 104 777 110 802 110 810 86 816 33 701 4 615 2 474 2 455 [[ኣመሪካ (ክፍለ ዓለም)|ኣመሪካ]] poly 605 674 600 688 619 688 622 673 [[ቆጵሮስ]] poly 515 655 523 641 525 637 544 632 559 631 556 643 551 656 549 671 543 678 569 683 566 695 551 697 535 689 527 683 519 676 513 662 511 652 [[ግሪኽ]] poly 439 617 435 592 453 584 469 583 473 589 476 596 472 609 481 622 490 628 498 636 503 643 505 646 496 654 488 662 487 669 485 674 482 677 454 671 455 660 464 657 471 655 480 643 473 637 465 632 462 630 453 637 446 644 444 650 433 653 431 651 427 640 430 630 434 628 438 628 440 628 447 630 452 633 456 637 459 635 459 629 454 619 451 613 443 610 437 608 [[ኢጣልያ]] poly 472 676 460 689 477 694 488 693 487 680 [[ማልታ]] poly 423 542 416 535 408 541 394 539 364 541 370 569 371 590 380 600 406 616 417 617 433 617 434 627 440 635 448 635 451 622 451 615 441 612 435 609 436 596 432 592 432 579 443 567 448 566 441 553 433 552 425 545 [[ፍረንሳ]] poly 327 586 346 600 330 639 305 632 [[ፖርቱጋል]] poly 339 566 325 587 344 597 328 635 331 646 348 650 373 652 390 641 405 643 407 633 408 614 359 582 [[ስጳኛ]] poly 305 367 266 349 265 314 302 284 339 261 369 244 391 220 417 217 482 250 484 270 471 297 441 328 420 344 401 352 375 354 343 345 325 348 308 359 283 355 272 344 [[ግሪንላንድ]] poly 363 362 350 395 367 406 388 409 405 406 407 380 384 360 [[ኣይስላንድ]] poly 526 283 495 286 494 337 532 332 537 366 516 373 495 396 482 417 467 428 456 438 447 451 440 470 438 485 455 488 481 481 481 440 495 437 495 421 519 398 523 396 532 392 543 383 550 376 546 358 530 285 [[ኖርወይ]] poly 513 484 510 501 493 507 484 511 471 503 471 489 476 472 485 444 490 432 499 416 510 399 517 395 527 406 530 419 521 436 514 451 512 459 516 480 [[ሽወደን]] poly 533 423 521 389 540 381 544 402 553 427 557 438 559 442 558 454 550 461 547 471 540 471 526 471 517 469 517 454 521 443 530 433 533 427 [[ፊንላንድ]] poly 373 480 376 491 383 500 382 510 379 516 369 519 353 519 347 511 348 497 358 484 [[ኣየርላንድ]] poly 385 480 375 492 381 497 383 498 381 510 373 519 373 539 390 544 404 542 413 539 418 527 419 511 410 491 411 475 415 463 405 451 420 455 422 449 419 446 408 451 403 456 395 458 390 459 387 467 387 478 [[ብሪጣንያ]] poly 423 523 438 545 449 520 427 518 [[ኔዘርላንድ]] poly 423 532 437 538 439 550 438 559 431 553 423 547 418 536 [[ቤልጅዩም]] poly 457 486 454 508 464 515 478 516 483 517 480 505 475 496 474 489 465 482 453 485 [[ደንማርክ]] poly 438 571 429 586 436 591 454 590 461 584 454 576 449 571 [[ስዊዘርላንድ]] poly 451 575 453 584 470 582 476 592 486 592 494 584 495 577 496 571 487 568 478 570 467 576 463 576 [[ኦስትርያ]] poly 445 563 440 576 450 577 465 579 478 576 478 569 471 560 471 552 483 549 484 545 487 524 484 515 480 513 470 513 456 510 455 517 455 522 449 523 447 528 446 534 438 537 436 543 436 552 438 559 440 562 447 564 [[ጀርመን]] poly 472 588 475 602 479 604 484 597 489 596 495 591 492 585 486 587 [[ስሎቬንያ]] poly 473 599 487 598 490 590 494 590 498 595 511 595 509 605 490 602 494 620 507 626 503 629 491 625 482 615 472 600 [[ክሮኤሽያ]] poly 485 550 471 552 478 569 487 568 497 574 511 569 503 556 [[ሪፓብሊክ ቸክ]] poly 509 565 498 570 500 580 511 580 524 572 530 574 530 566 521 564 [[ስሎቫክያ]] poly 504 578 496 577 494 587 500 596 509 602 527 591 529 580 530 572 523 571 509 579 [[ሃንጋሪ]] poly 483 520 485 554 500 555 510 568 530 570 542 564 541 549 534 533 534 518 525 518 512 518 504 512 [[ፖላንድ]] poly 520 509 531 514 531 520 509 520 509 511 [[ሩስያ]] poly 519 500 543 499 547 506 547 517 541 523 539 524 535 524 532 520 526 513 515 512 [[ሊቱዌንያ]] poly 519 480 530 484 550 489 553 497 553 503 552 509 547 507 538 499 524 501 516 501 514 499 520 492 [[ላትቭያ]] poly 522 476 546 469 553 469 553 483 551 490 541 485 535 486 532 487 523 487 515 482 [[ኤስቶንያ]] poly 534 525 544 522 555 506 571 505 581 518 580 534 576 540 572 545 563 548 546 546 537 546 536 544 [[ቤላሩስ]] poly 558 573 565 584 569 596 572 596 579 594 578 584 571 575 563 572 [[ሞልዶቫ]] poly 535 542 539 558 530 574 534 580 547 579 565 572 574 580 581 596 597 596 598 606 611 604 616 595 625 579 628 562 631 548 619 545 601 544 592 538 592 530 577 532 575 537 559 538 548 538 [[ዩክረይን]] poly 519 631 523 641 534 637 530 628 [[ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] poly 507 630 517 623 523 638 523 645 514 653 508 644 [[ኣልባንያ]] poly 504 627 508 616 518 622 512 634 [[ሞንተኔግሮ]] poly 504 623 492 606 491 602 512 602 512 615 507 627 [[ቦዝንያን ሄርዘጎቪናን]] poly 511 595 510 616 516 621 516 627 520 632 531 628 533 618 533 608 525 606 521 596 [[ሰርብያ]] poly 536 616 532 626 535 636 547 635 561 632 567 628 569 615 569 608 561 610 547 618 [[ቡልጋርያ]] poly 534 579 521 591 519 597 531 611 542 615 559 614 569 614 573 600 570 596 562 592 560 580 555 576 [[ሩማንያ]] poly 642 600 659 593 678 594 689 600 689 610 673 614 655 612 646 611 [[ጆርጅያ]] poly 672 609 683 604 698 621 691 623 680 622 673 620 [[ኣርሜንያ]] }}<noinclude> ኣብነታት፦ <nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}|Imagen.svg}} <nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}|Imagen.svg|left|281px}} ==ምንጪ== *[[:commons:Template:Globes_imagemap_(location_map_scheme)|Template:Globes imagemap (location map scheme)]] *[[:commons:Category:Imagemaps_(location_map_scheme)|Category:Imagemaps (location map scheme)]] </noinclude> ekdttyvfjy9h5becg79yipj9xlmt3hz 10 5289 21671 21473 2020-12-21T02:04:22Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት | flag alias = Flag of Europe.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት <noinclude> | redir1 = EU | redir2 = EUR | redir3 = ኤውሮጳ </noinclude> }} 9wxt97zwsa3ts0e33ynfa70tky7u7vv 10 5290 22797 22796 2021-06-26T12:05:18Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሊኽተንሽታይን | flag alias = Flag of Liechtenstein.svg | flag alias-1719 = Flag of Liechtenstein (1719-1852).svg | flag alias-1852 = Flag of Liechtenstein (1852-1921).svg | flag alias-1921 = Flag of Liechtenstein (1921–1937).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1719 | var2 = 1852 | var3 = 1921 | redir1 = LIE | redir2 = ሌኽተንሽተይን | redir3 = ሌኽተንሽታይን </noinclude> }} eehsz909uyd15tbag81bmsxijq1q5kb 8 5291 21941 21475 2021-01-17T02:02:06Z Joanmp14 5782 javascript text/javascript /** * Keep code in MediaWiki:Common.js to a minimum as it is unconditionally * loaded for all users on every wiki page. If possible create a gadget that is * enabled by default instead of adding it here (since gadgets are fully * optimized ResourceLoader modules with possibility to add dependencies etc.) * * Since common.js isn't a gadget, there is no place to declare its * dependencies, so we have to lazy load them with mw.loader.using on demand and * then execute the rest in the callback. In most cases these dependencies will * be loaded (or loading) already and the callback will not be delayed. In case a * dependency hasn't arrived yet it'll make sure those are loaded before this. */ /** WikiMiniAtlas ******************************************************* * * Description: WikiMiniAtlas is a popup click and drag world map. * This script causes all of our coordinate links to display the WikiMiniAtlas popup button. * The script itself is located on meta because it is used by many projects. * See [[Meta:WikiMiniAtlas]] for more information. * Maintainers: [[User:Dschwen]] */ window.wma_settings = { buttonImage: "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Erioll_world.svg/15px-Erioll_world.svg.png" }; mw.loader.load('//meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Wikiminiatlas.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript'); /* OpenStreetMap */ mw.config.set( 'osm_proj_map', 'ካርታ' ); //"map" in project language mw.config.set( 'osm_proj_lang', 'ti' ); //project language mw.loader.load('//meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:OSM.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript'); /** * Collapsible tables * * @version 2.0.1 (2013-03-26) * @source https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-collapsibleTables.js * @author [[User:R. Koot]] * @author [[User:Krinkle]] * @deprecated Since MediaWiki 1.20: Use class="mw-collapsible" instead which * is supported in MediaWiki core. */ var autoCollapse = 2; var collapseCaption = 'ሕባእ'; var expandCaption = 'ኣርእይ'; window.collapseTable = function( tableIndex ) { var Button = document.getElementById( 'collapseButton' + tableIndex ); var Table = document.getElementById( 'collapsibleTable' + tableIndex ); if ( !Table || !Button ) { return false; } var Rows = Table.rows; if ( Button.firstChild.data == collapseCaption ) { for ( var i = 1; i < Rows.length; i++ ) { Rows[i].style.display = 'none'; } Button.firstChild.data = expandCaption; } else { for ( var i = 1; i < Rows.length; i++ ) { Rows[i].style.display = Rows[0].style.display; } Button.firstChild.data = collapseCaption; } }; window.createClickHandler = function( tableIndex ) { return function ( e ) { e.preventDefault(); collapseTable( tableIndex ); }; }; function createCollapseButtons() { var tableIndex = 0; var NavigationBoxes = {}; var Tables = document.getElementsByTagName( 'table' ); for ( var i = 0; i < Tables.length; i++ ) { if ( $( Tables[i] ).hasClass( 'collapsible' ) ) { /* only add button and increment count if there is a header row to work with */ var HeaderRow = Tables[i].getElementsByTagName( 'tr' )[0]; if ( !HeaderRow ) { continue; } var Header = HeaderRow.getElementsByTagName( 'th' )[0]; if ( !Header ) { continue; } NavigationBoxes[tableIndex] = Tables[i]; Tables[i].setAttribute( 'id', 'collapsibleTable' + tableIndex ); var Button = document.createElement( 'span' ); var ButtonLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); var ButtonText = document.createTextNode( collapseCaption ); Button.style.styleFloat = 'right'; Button.style.cssFloat = 'right'; Button.style.fontWeight = 'normal'; Button.style.textAlign = 'right'; Button.style.width = '6em'; ButtonLink.style.color = Header.style.color; ButtonLink.setAttribute( 'id', 'collapseButton' + tableIndex ); $( ButtonLink ).on( 'click', createClickHandler( tableIndex ) ); ButtonLink.appendChild( ButtonText ); Button.appendChild( document.createTextNode( '[' ) ); Button.appendChild( ButtonLink ); Button.appendChild( document.createTextNode( ']' ) ); Header.insertBefore( Button, Header.childNodes[0] ); tableIndex++; } } for ( var i = 0; i < tableIndex; i++ ) { if ( $( NavigationBoxes[i] ).hasClass( 'collapsed' ) || ( tableIndex >= autoCollapse && $( NavigationBoxes[i] ).hasClass( 'autocollapse' ) ) ) { collapseTable( i ); } } } mw.hook( 'wikipage.content' ).add( createCollapseButtons ); // == Template folding/unfolding code == var NavigationBarHide = '[' + collapseCaption + ']'; var NavigationBarShow = '[' + expandCaption + ']'; var NavigationBarShowDefault = 0; // shows and hides content and picture (if available) of navigation bars // Parameters: // indexNavigationBar: the index of navigation bar to be toggled window.toggleNavigationBar = function (indexNavigationBar) { var NavToggle = document.getElementById("NavToggle" + indexNavigationBar), NavFrame = document.getElementById("NavFrame" + indexNavigationBar), NavChild; if (!NavFrame || !NavToggle) { return false; } // if shown now if (NavToggle.firstChild.data == NavigationBarHide) { for (NavChild = NavFrame.firstChild; NavChild != null; NavChild = NavChild.nextSibling) { if ( $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) || $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) ) { NavChild.style.display = 'none'; } } NavToggle.firstChild.data = NavigationBarShow; // if hidden now } else if (NavToggle.firstChild.data == NavigationBarShow) { for (NavChild = NavFrame.firstChild; NavChild != null; NavChild = NavChild.nextSibling) { if ( $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) || $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) ) { NavChild.style.display = 'block'; } } NavToggle.firstChild.data = NavigationBarHide; } }; // adds show/hide-button to navigation bars function createNavigationBarToggleButton() { var indexNavigationBar = 0, // iterate over all < div >-elements divs = document.getElementsByTagName("div"), NavFrame, NavChild, i; for (i = 0; NavFrame = divs[i]; i++) { // if found a navigation bar if ( $(NavFrame).hasClass( 'NavFrame' ) ) { indexNavigationBar++; var NavToggle = document.createElement("a"); NavToggle.className = 'NavToggle'; NavToggle.setAttribute('id', 'NavToggle' + indexNavigationBar); NavToggle.setAttribute('href', 'javascript:toggleNavigationBar(' + indexNavigationBar + ');'); var isCollapsed = $(NavFrame).hasClass( 'collapsed' ); /* * Check if any children are already hidden. This loop is here for backwards compatibility: * the old way of making NavFrames start out collapsed was to manually add style="display:none" * to all the NavPic/NavContent elements. Since this was bad for accessibility (no way to make * the content visible without JavaScript support), the new recommended way is to add the class * "collapsed" to the NavFrame itself, just like with collapsible tables. */ for (NavChild = NavFrame.firstChild; NavChild != null && !isCollapsed; NavChild = NavChild.nextSibling) { if ( $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) || $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) ) { if (NavChild.style.display == 'none') { isCollapsed = true; } } } if (isCollapsed) { for (NavChild = NavFrame.firstChild; NavChild != null; NavChild = NavChild.nextSibling) { if ( $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) || $(NavChild).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) ) { NavChild.style.display = 'none'; } } } var NavToggleText = document.createTextNode(isCollapsed ? NavigationBarShow : NavigationBarHide), j; NavToggle.appendChild(NavToggleText); // Find the NavHead and attach the toggle link (Must be this complicated because Moz's firstChild handling is borked) for (j = 0; j < NavFrame.childNodes.length; j++) { if ( $(NavFrame.childNodes[j]).hasClass( 'NavHead' ) ) { NavToggle.style.color = NavFrame.childNodes[j].style.color; NavFrame.childNodes[j].appendChild(NavToggle); } } NavFrame.setAttribute('id', 'NavFrame' + indexNavigationBar); } } } $(document).ready(createNavigationBarToggleButton); 4bv1cjfvuga6u39r017mojuabbat4vy 0 5292 21642 2020-12-15T14:27:36Z 46.114.93.212 መግለጺ ጌረሉ wikitext text/x-wiki ሃገር ማለት ብሓደ ብህዝቢ ዝተምረጸ መንግስቲ ወይ በዓል ስልጣን እትመሓደር ብርእሳ ወይ ብ ካብ ካብኣ ብወተሃደራዊ ወይ ውን ቆጠባዊ ዝሕይላ እትመህደር ግን ከኣ ናይ ባዕላ ኣካይዳ ሕግን ቅዋምን ዘለዋ እያ። 3jtt6r9hy32hcxkq8bpl0erm9u4vp1t 828 5294 23368 21646 2021-12-16T13:04:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local list = {} local categoryExists = require('Module:Page').categoryExists -- Function that returns the elements of the list. -- Only reported items are retrieved. function list.GetListItems(frame) local Arguments = frame.args; local parent = frame:getParent(); if not Arguments[1] then Arguments = parent.args; end local category = Arguments['category'] or '' local order = Arguments['order'] or '' separator = frame.args['separator'] or Arguments['separator'] conjunction = frame.args['conjunction'] or Arguments['conjunction'] local ListItems = {} local i = 1; local j = 0; while Arguments[i] do local TextToShow if Arguments[i] and not Arguments[i]:match('^%s*$') then j = j + 1 -- Add the link if it doesn't already include one local linkup = frame.args.linkup or parent.args.linkup if mw.ustring.find(Arguments[i], '%[%[') then linkup = 'no' end if linkup == 'yes' then TextToShow = Arguments[i]:match('^(.*)%s%(.*%)$') or Arguments[i] --Get the namespace of the arguments local namespace = frame.args.nspace or parent.args.nspace or frame.args['namespace'] or parent.args['namespace'] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText if namespace == '' then --The function is accessed with the namespace argument but it is unreported if Arguments[i] == TextToShow then ListItems[j] = mw.ustring.format('[[%s]]', TextToShow) else ListItems[j] = mw.ustring.format('[[%s|%s]]', Arguments[i], TextToShow) end else --Accessed without the namespace (in which case the namespace is taken from global) or reported. --Get the name of the page (removing the namespace if it has one). Similar to {{PAGENAME:Arguments[i]}} --For example, if arguments[i] are equal to "Template:A", pagename is reported with "A". local pagename local noError, pageObject = pcall(mw.title.new, Arguments[i]) if noError then pagename = pageObject.text else pagename = Arguments[i] end -- Link taking as namespace the one received in the argument or the global. ListItems[j] = mw.ustring.format('[[:%s:%s|%s]]', namespace, pagename, TextToShow) end else TextToShow = Arguments[i] ListItems[j] = mw.text.trim( TextToShow ) end -- Add the delimiter local delimiter = frame.args.delimiter or parent.args.delimiter or frame.args.delim or parent.args.delim if delimiter then ListItems[j] = delimiter .. ListItems[j] .. delimiter end --Add category if category ~= '' then -- Use arguments[i] if the corresponding category exists local ItemCategory = categoryExists(category:gsub('$1',Arguments[i])) -- If it does not exist, see if the category exists by removing the text in parentheses if not ItemCategory and TextToShow ~= Arguments[i] then ItemCategory = categoryExists(category:gsub('$1',TextToShow)) end if ItemCategory then if order == '' then ListItems[j] = ListItems[j] .. '[[' .. ItemCategory .. ']]' else ListItems[j] = ListItems[j] .. '[[' .. ItemCategory .. '|' .. order .. ']]' end end end end i = i + 1; end return ListItems end -- list with items separated by commas function list.list(frame) -- Get the reported list items. local ListItems= list.GetListItems(frame) if not ListItems[1] then return end if not separator and not conjunction then separator = '፣' conjunction = 'ከምኡ’ውን' elseif separator and not conjunction then conjunction = separator end -- Correct the separator if separator == '፣' then separator= '፣ ' end -- Correct the conjunction if conjunction == 'ወይ' then conjunction = ' ወይ ' end return mw.text.listToText(ListItems, separator, conjunction) end function list.htmllist(frame) local parent = frame:getParent(); -- Get the reported list items by delimiting them with local ListItems= list.GetListItems(frame) if not ListItems[1] then return end -- Add to list items <li> and </li> local i = 1; while ListItems[i] do ListItems[i] = '<li>' .. ListItems[i] .. '</li>' i = i + 1; end -- Add the class where appropriate local class = frame.args.class or parent.args.class local final = '<ul>' .. table.concat( ListItems ) .. '</ul>' if class then final = '<div class="' .. class ..'">' .. final .. '</div>' end return final end function list.first(frame) local ListItems= list.GetListItems(frame) if not ListItems[1] then return end table.sort( ListItems ) return ListItems[1] end return list tdrgjg3v3hu2yuyfw6dm27s9awz1mb8 10 5295 24411 21647 2023-07-04T20:00:04Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="hlist hlist-separated {{{class|{{{class|}}}}}}" style="margin-left: {{#expr:{{{indent|0}}}*1.6}}em; {{{style|{{{style|}}}}}}">{{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}}}}</div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ax4osmnph3dcm6vbgz2c22choy9sp7g 10 5297 21652 2020-12-19T20:51:07Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞናኮ | flag alias = Flag of Monaco.svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Monaco (state).svg | siz...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሞናኮ | flag alias = Flag of Monaco.svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Monaco (state).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = state | redir1 = MCO | redir2 = MON </noinclude> }} 4yd0hwlhd1sitjnz5mtyct6wz5zt4zp 10 5298 24537 24535 2023-10-10T05:35:00Z SpinnerLaserzthe2nd 8952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ከተማ ቫቲካን | flag alias = Flag of Vatican City State - 2023 version.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = VAT | related1 = Holy See | related2 = Papal States </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> k2tehif0q5jzrsi8ifcpu5z2dyf3dno 10 5299 22806 22805 2021-06-26T12:14:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ጅብራልታር]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ጂብራልታር]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጂብራልታር | flag alias = Flag of Gibraltar.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GIB | redir2 = ጅብራልታር </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 4xlo5r1qru8wi5r2b4i6nhceqnr4yup 10 5300 21656 2020-12-20T00:03:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ገርንዚ | flag alias = Flag of Guernsey.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altl...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ገርንዚ | flag alias = Flag of Guernsey.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GGY </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 1mg0swtwn38l3evqq3rdfwhwbwcfofe 10 5301 21657 2020-12-20T21:12:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣይል ኦፍ ማን | flag alias = Flag of the Isle of Mann.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name =...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣይል ኦፍ ማን | flag alias = Flag of the Isle of Mann.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = IMN </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> cvtn6tefqlcangwnkbl7m0e3fmgo9zv 10 5302 21658 2020-12-20T21:20:15Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደሴታት ፋሮ | flag alias = Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደሴታት ፋሮ | flag alias = Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = FRO </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> ajqvjyo9255aer4bf71pv6f3nvd4sa7 10 5303 21659 2020-12-20T21:35:46Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጀርዚ | flag alias = Flag of Jersey.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink =...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጀርዚ | flag alias = Flag of Jersey.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = JEY </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 4jmjmqvczkvtyjh36128v19ym11gjqt 10 5304 23344 23342 2021-12-14T19:29:34Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣብካዝያ | flag alias = Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = RSS | redir1 = ኣብኻዝያ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> ludokumn2w7ija7wquiljgkpiym65d8 10 5305 21662 21661 2020-12-20T22:14:52Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቱርካዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሰሜን ቆጵሮስ | shortname alias = ሰሜናዊት ቆጵሮስ | flag alias = Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TRNC </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> l4on2hlb6hawk1e65dbdzqi11x9qngp 10 5306 21664 2020-12-20T22:26:58Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ ኦሰትያ | flag alias = Flag of South Ossetia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ ኦሰትያ | flag alias = Flag of South Ossetia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | templatename = ደቡብ ኦሰትያ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> i8yqbh485igkrdec1d2c6oua7yvkthn 10 5307 21665 2020-12-20T22:39:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሪፓብሊክ ኣርትሳኽ | flag alias = Flag of Artsakh.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name =...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሪፓብሊክ ኣርትሳኽ | flag alias = Flag of Artsakh.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ናጎርኖ ካራባኽ | redir2 = ኣርትሳኽ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> pcsmyv49nvbdrxmxadggvpvmdc3ioqy 10 5308 21666 2020-12-21T00:12:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<div class="VT rellink"><span style="font-size:88%">ብተወሳኺ ርኣይ፦</span> {{#if:{{{1|}}}|''[[:{{{1}}}|{{{l1|{{{1}}}}}}]]'' | <span class="error"...» wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="VT rellink"><span style="font-size:88%">ብተወሳኺ ርኣይ፦</span> {{#if:{{{1|}}}|''[[:{{{1}}}|{{{l1|{{{1}}}}}}]]'' | <span class="error" style="font-size:90%">ኣርእስቲ ጽሑፍ ኣእትው።</span> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{2|}}} | <span style="font-size:88%">{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&#32;|&#32;{{y-e|{{PAGENAME:{{{2}}}}}|ጽሑፍ የለን}}&#32;}}</span>''[[:{{{2}}} | {{ucfirst:{{PAGENAME:{{{l2|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}]]'' }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{3|}}} | <span style="font-size:88%">{{#if:{{{4|}}}|,&#32;|&#32;{{y-e|{{PAGENAME:{{{3}}}}}|ጽሑፍ የለን}}&#32;}}</span>''[[:{{{3}}} | {{ucfirst:{{PAGENAME:{{{l3|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}]]'' }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{4|}}} | <span style="font-size:88%">{{#if:{{{5|}}}|,&#32;|&#32;{{y-e|{{PAGENAME:{{{4}}}}}|ጽሑፍ የለን}}&#32;}}</span>''[[:{{{4}}} | {{ucfirst:{{PAGENAME:{{{l4|{{{4}}}}}}}}}}]]'' }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{5|}}} | <span style="font-size:88%">&#32;{{y-e|{{PAGENAME:{{{5}}}}}|ጽሑፍ የለን}}</span>''[[:{{{5}}} | {{ucfirst:{{PAGENAME:{{{l5|{{{5}}}}}}}}}}]]'' }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}} | &#32; ''(<span class="error" style="font-size:90%">ብጣዕሚ ብዙሕ መለክዒታት ኣብ &#123;&#123;[[ሞደል:See also|See also]]&#125;&#125;</span>)'' {{#if: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | {{ns:4}} | {{ns:14}} | {{ns:104}} }} }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|.}}</div><noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> ewywd8tmbbn19woovi9byotxfwozm7f 0 5309 21669 2020-12-21T01:45:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ርእሲ ከተማ]] to [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] fqv4rubuso5s1ojk0u8hm9ig76dala0 10 5310 21672 2020-12-21T02:06:40Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤውሮጳ | flag alias = Flag of Europe.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | varian...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤውሮጳ | flag alias = Flag of Europe.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኤውሮጳ <noinclude> | redir1 = EUR | redir2 = ኤውሮጳ </noinclude> }} m6fxdwv2j1ztlkx7eepub6ngmn7gieh 10 5311 21675 2020-12-21T14:35:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሊቱዌንያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ሊትዌንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሊትዌንያ]] 1sby8sstvysr2sp6soxy6in78zdvut6 10 5312 21679 2020-12-22T13:55:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሰዑዲ ዓረብ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ስዑዲ ዓረብ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ስዑዲ ዓረብ]] injgl1suw6fjjz6gy3bssq9d18h74ww 0 5313 21682 2020-12-22T13:59:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሰዑዲ ዓረብ]] to [[ስዑዲ ዓረብ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስዑዲ ዓረብ]] 5uhohdbnn7muezo0d3ip7i05fqu5qkc 0 5314 21684 2020-12-22T15:28:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ]] g9zzdsd25dnxheyiftrxjci9r872dnj 0 5317 22826 21695 2021-06-30T00:34:42Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ናቕፋ (ባጤራ)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ናቕፋ (ባጤራ)]] 8w1khbkz29et1juqv0xrdjpqezue3ht 0 5318 21697 2020-12-28T16:35:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ናቕፋ]] to [[ናቕፋ (ከተማ)]]: to prevent confusions wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ናቕፋ (ከተማ)]] 9njge550w6p87zghzrcl0zg1fs214uc 10 5319 21701 21698 2020-12-28T23:25:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Bar box]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch: {{{ኣሳላልፋ|{{{float|}}}}}} | left |right=|#default=<table style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{ኣሳላልፋ|{{{float|}}}}}}|center|0 auto|0}}; border:none;"><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;">}}<div class="barbox {{#switch: {{{ኣሳላልፋ|{{{float|}}}}}} | left = tleft | right = tright|center|none=tnone}}" style="overflow-x: auto;{{{style|}}}"> <div style="border:{{{border_width|1}}}px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:{{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|auto}}}}}}; background-color: {{{background-color|white}}};"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> {{#if:{{{ላዕሊ_ኣርእስቲ|{{{title|}}}}}}| <tr style="background-color:{{{ሕብሪ_ኣርእስቲ|{{{titlebar|none}}}}}}"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"><big>{{{ላዕሊ_ኣርእስቲ|{{{title|}}}}}}</big></th></tr> }} <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td {{#if:{{{left2|}}}||colspan="2"}} style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">{{{ርእሰዋይ1|{{{left1|}}}}}}</td> {{#if:{{{left2|}}}| <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;">{{{left2}}}</td> }} <td style="width:{{{ስፍሓት_ሽራጥ|{{{barwidth|100px}}}}}}; text-align:left;"></td> <td {{#if:{{{right2|}}}||colspan="2"}} style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">{{{ርእሰዋይ2|{{{right2|}}}}}}</td> {{#if:{{{right2|}}}| <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;">{{{right2}}}</td> }} </tr> {{{ትሕዝቶ|{{{bars|}}}}}} {{#if:{{{ታሕተዋይ_ኣርእስቲ|{{{caption|}}}}}}| <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">{{{ታሕተዋይ_ኣርእስቲ|{{{caption|}}}}}}</td></tr> }} </table> </div> </div>{{#switch: {{{ኣሳላልፋ|{{{float|}}}}}} | left |right=|#default=</td></tr></table>}}</includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1qlo5nc6rw63dwi0k38eet5dqrj35f3 10 5320 21700 21699 2020-12-28T23:25:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Bar box/Bar percent]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">{{{1}}}</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:{{{2|gray}}}; width:{{{3|0}}}%; overflow:hidden">&nbsp; </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">{{{4|{{{3|0}}}&nbsp;%}}}</td> </tr> <noinclude> </noinclude> 7pm5x82ei8kcnuug04u284p19t0ax58 0 5321 21703 2020-12-28T23:33:07Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኣስላም]] to [[ምስልምና]]: wrong title wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ምስልምና]] qbjszrk5axeeuhol57npivkbun3eq6k 8 5322 23193 21710 2021-10-16T22:51:23Z Joanmp14 5782 compatibility with the new Vector css text/css /* All CSS here will be loaded for users of the Vector skin */ /* CSS for the coordinates in the corner */ #coordinates { display:inline; border:none; background:none; text-align:right; text-indent:0; font-size:.85em; text-transform:none; white-space:nowrap; } j4ayczcsth8tehk0hbdxmbdxonwwxsk 4 5326 21723 2021-01-02T21:05:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ]] g9zzdsd25dnxheyiftrxjci9r872dnj 8 5327 21724 2021-01-02T21:10:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «ዊኪፐድያ» wikitext text/x-wiki ዊኪፐድያ s4hm5snhpzg3bj5yx8bgqdwjpy5lbio 8 5328 21773 21725 2021-01-05T21:26:35Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="specialchars" class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1px; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#aaaaaa; padding:4px;"> ፊደላት፦ <charinsert> ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ ቋ ቈ ቊ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ቐ ቑ ቒ ቓ ቔ ቕ ቖ ቛ ቘ ቚ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ</charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ኋ ኈ ኊ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኳ ኰ ኲ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጓ ጐ ጒ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ </charinsert> •&nbsp;<charinsert> ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ </charinsert> ---- ተወሰኽቲ፦ <charinsert>[[መደብ:+]]</charinsert> &nbsp; <charinsert>#REDIRECT&#32;[[+]]</charinsert> &nbsp; <charinsert><ref>+</ref></charinsert> &nbsp; <charinsert>~~&#126;~</charinsert> &nbsp;<br> <charinsert> ፡ ፦ ። ፥ ፣ ፤ «+» </charinsert> &nbsp; <charinsert> ~ | ° ≈ ± ≠ − × ¹ ² ³ † · | € £ $ ¥ ¢ ©</charinsert> &nbsp; </div> 5yz25gu08ugh6fbo6rscntoqzjhbz4w 8 5329 21726 2021-01-02T22:31:13Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «/* All CSS here will be loaded for users of the mobile site */ /* TABLES */ /* different color in even rows */ /* default: gray */ table.str...» css text/css /* All CSS here will be loaded for users of the mobile site */ /* TABLES */ /* different color in even rows */ /* default: gray */ table.striped tr:nth-child(even) { background-color: #f2f3f4; } bpofsi7b3jgtynkn8fv7sut2yuhluu5 8 5330 21727 2021-01-02T22:35:37Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «/* CSS placed here will affect the print output */ .ns-0 .ambox, .ns-104 .ambox, .ns-0 .navbox,.ns-104 .navbox, .ns-0 .vertical-navbox, .ns-0 .infobox.sister...» css text/css /* CSS placed here will affect the print output */ .ns-0 .ambox, .ns-104 .ambox, .ns-0 .navbox,.ns-104 .navbox, .ns-0 .vertical-navbox, .ns-0 .infobox.sisterproject, .ns-104 .infobox.sisterproject, .ns-0 .dablink, .ns-104 .dablink, .ns-0 .metadata,.ns-104 .metadata, #filetoc,#footer-places,#mobileview, .mw-jump-link, /* links "go to navigation/search" */ .mw-empty-elt, /* empty list items */ .editlink, a.NavToggle, span.collapseButton, span.mw-collapsible-toggle, .noprint { display:none!important; } /* Add formatting to make sure that "external references" from templates like [[Template:Ref]] do not get URL expansion, not even when printed. The anchor itself has class "external autonumber" and the url expansion is inserted when printing (see the common printing style sheet at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/skins/common/commonPrint.css) using the ":after" pseudo-element of CSS. Also hide in <cite> elements. */ #content cite a.external.text:after, .nourlexpansion a.external.text:after, .nourlexpansion a.external.autonumber:after { display:none!important; } /* On websites with siteSub visible, the margin on the firstHeading is not needed. */ #firstHeading { margin:0; } #contentSub { display:block; } rjroxptm0r21a5zmdnqbv4obqptlkr6 8 5331 21728 2021-01-02T22:39:44Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ» wikitext text/x-wiki ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ 09rfex6lp0yjzzq070myd28te2k47l3 8 5332 21729 2021-01-02T22:43:18Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «ካብ ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ» wikitext text/x-wiki ካብ ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ avy3zdosekwlctbkor7jtxqx5w2kohh 8 5333 21736 2021-01-03T03:06:59Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «[[#$1|<sup>'''''$3'''''</sup>]]» wikitext text/x-wiki [[#$1|<sup>'''''$3'''''</sup>]] lmneofd5vci1jqu937sb40h1m74rfue 8 5334 21772 21755 2021-01-05T20:21:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Undo revision 21755 by [[Special:Contributions/Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[User talk:Joanmp14|talk]]) css text/css /* See [[mw:Reference Tooltips]] */ .referencetooltip { position: absolute; list-style: none; list-style-image: none; opacity: 0; font-size: 10px; margin: 0; z-index: 5; padding: 0; } .referencetooltip li { border: #080086 2px solid; max-width: 260px; padding: 10px 8px 13px 8px; margin: 0px; background-color: #F7F7F7; box-shadow: 2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); -moz-box-shadow: 2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); } .referencetooltip li+li { margin-left: 7px; margin-top: -2px; border: 0; padding: 0; height: 3px; width: 0px; background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; border-top: 12px #080086 solid; border-right: 7px transparent solid; border-left: 7px transparent solid; } .referencetooltip>li+li::after { content: ''; border-top: 8px #F7F7F7 solid; border-right: 5px transparent solid; border-left: 5px transparent solid; margin-top: -12px; margin-left: -5px; z-index: 1; height: 0px; width: 0px; display: block; } .client-js body .referencetooltip li li { border: none; box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; height: auto; width: auto; margin: auto; padding: 0; position: static; } .RTflipped { padding-top: 13px; } .referencetooltip.RTflipped li+li { position: absolute; top: 2px; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 12px #080086 solid; } .referencetooltip.RTflipped li+li::after { border-top: 0; border-bottom: 8px #F7F7F7 solid; position: absolute; margin-top: 7px; } .RTsettings{ float: right; height: 16px; width: 16px; cursor: pointer; background-image: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Cog.png); margin-top: -9px; margin-right: -7px; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.15s; -moz-transition: opacity 0.15s; -o-transition: opacity 0.15s; -ms-transition: opacity 0.15s; transition: opacity 0.15s; opacity: 0.6; filter: alpha(opacity=60); } .RTsettings:hover{ opacity: 1; filter: alpha(opacity=100); } .RTTarget{ border: #080086 2px solid; } mipgvayddykd4urwacs8kct21h8oveu 8 5335 24715 24387 2024-02-14T19:18:56Z WikiBayer 6051 remove default per Tech News 2024-06 wikitext text/x-wiki == ምድህሳስ == * Navigation_popups[ResourceLoader]|popups.js|navpop.css * ReferenceTooltips[ResourceLoader|default|skins=vector,vector-2022,monobook,timeless,modern,cologneblue]|ReferenceTooltips.js|ReferenceTooltips.css == ምምዕርራይ == * refToolbar[ResourceLoader|dependencies=user.options]|refToolbar.js == መልክዕ == * nocoords | nocoords.css hqzik9tu9lx0issbnk4n3cmoeta17w3 8 5336 21739 2021-01-03T03:36:28Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «// [[File:Wikipedia_Gadget-popups.js]] Pop-ups imported from enWP mw.loader.load( '//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-popups.js&action=raw&...» javascript text/javascript // [[File:Wikipedia_Gadget-popups.js]] Pop-ups imported from enWP mw.loader.load( '//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-popups.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&smaxage=21600&maxage=86400' ); 0wca20g8qlhmc9k728mij6875pnvx25 8 5337 21740 2021-01-03T03:37:29Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «a.popupMoreLink { display: block; text-align: right; cursor: pointer; } ins.popupDiff { background: #afe; } del.popupDiff { background: #ffe6e6; }...» css text/css a.popupMoreLink { display: block; text-align: right; cursor: pointer; } ins.popupDiff { background: #afe; } del.popupDiff { background: #ffe6e6; } #selectionPreview { /* overflow: auto; max-height: 16ex; */ border: 2px solid #ddd; background-color: #eef; padding: 6px; } .navpopup { border: 1px solid #bbb; background-color: #fff; padding: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; font-size: 11px; box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba( 50, 50, 50, 0.35 ); /* opacity: 0.9; */ } .navpopup hr { color: #aaa !important; background-color: #aaa !important; } /* Configure Drag bar color */ .popupDrag { background-color: #ffbe20; height: 5px; margin-top: -5px; margin-bottom: 5px; } .popupDragHandle { cursor: move; position: relative; } /* menu magic - many thanks to [[User:Zocky]]! */ /* popups */ .popup_menu li { margin: 0px; } .popup_menu { display: none; position: absolute; left: 0; margin: 0; margin-top: 1em; line-height: 1.25em; list-style-type: none; top: 0.1em; z-index: 2; width: 10em; background: white; border: 1px solid grey; padding: 0 !important; margin-left: -6px; margin-top: 1em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 6px; } .popup_menu a { display: block; padding: 3px; color: #555; } .popup_menu_row a { display: inline-block; } .popup_menu_row { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; color: #aaa; /* border: 1px solid red; */ } .popup_drop { display: inline; position: relative; } .popup_drop a, .popup_drop a:visited { padding: 3px; margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #0645ad; } .popup_drop:hover .popup_menu, .popup_drop .popup_menu:hover { display: inline; background: white; padding: 2px; color: #555; } .popup_drop:hover { background: #ccf; color: #44f; } /* other colours, styles and so on */ .popup_menu a:hover { background: grey; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .popup_mainlink { font-size: 140%; font-weight: bold; } .popup_mainlink a { color: #000; } a.popup_change_title_link { color: #152; } .popup_diff_dates { font-style: italic; background: none; } .popup_menu_item { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; /* border: 1px solid green; */ } .popup_menu_item a { display: block; } .popup_history_row_even { background: #eee; } .popup_history_date { font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%; } /* disable interwiki styling */ .popupPreview a.extiw, .popupPreview a.extiw:active { color: #36b; background: none; padding: 0; } .popupPreview a.external { color: #36b; } /* this can be used in the content area to switch off special external link styling */ .popupPreview .plainlinks a { background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } mkmn1kpxg1gn9cx64g0qdz3199gtpc6 8 5338 24671 24268 2024-01-12T18:09:25Z Ladsgroup 3093 Maintenance: jquery.cookie has been deprecated [[phab:T271995]] javascript text/javascript // See [[mw:Reference Tooltips]] window.pg || $(document).ready( function($) { // Make sure we are in article, project, or help namespace if ( mw.config.get( "wgCanonicalNamespace" ) === '' || mw.config.get( "wgCanonicalNamespace" ) === 'Project' || mw.config.get( "wgCanonicalNamespace" ) === 'Help' ) { function toggleRT(o){ mw.loader.using("mediawiki.cookie",function(){ mw.cookie.set("RTsettings",o+"|"+ settings[1] + "|" + settings[2], {path:"/",expires:90}); location.reload(); }); } var settings = document.cookie.split("RTsettings=")[1]; settings = settings ? settings.split(";")[0].split("%7C") : [1, 200, +("ontouchstart" in document.documentElement)]; if( settings[0] == 0 ) { var footer = $("#footer-places, #f-list"); if( footer.length === 0 ) { footer = $("#footer li").parent(); } footer.append($("<li>").append($("<a>").text("Enable Reference Tooltips").attr("href","javascript:(function(){})()").click(function(){toggleRT(1)}))); return; } var isTouchscreen = +settings[2], timerLength = isTouchscreen ? 0 : +settings[1], settingsMenu; $(".reference").each( function() { var tooltipNode, hideTimer, showTimer, checkFlip = false; function findRef( h ){ h = h.firstChild.getAttribute("href"); h = h && h.split("#"); h = h && h[1]; h = h && document.getElementById( h ); h = h && h.nodeName == "LI" && h; return h; } function hide( refLink ){ if( tooltipNode && tooltipNode.parentNode == document.body ) { hideTimer = setTimeout( function() { $(tooltipNode).animate({opacity: 0}, 100, function(){ document.body.removeChild( tooltipNode ) }) }, isTouchscreen ? 16 : 100) } else { var h = findRef( refLink ); h && (h.style.border = ""); } } function show(){ if( !tooltipNode.parentNode || tooltipNode.parentNode.nodeType === 11 ){ document.body.appendChild( tooltipNode ); checkFlip = true; } $(tooltipNode).stop().animate({opacity: 1}, 100) clearTimeout( hideTimer ); } function openSettingsMenu(){ if( settingsMenu ) { settingsMenu.dialog( "open" ); } else { settingsMenu = $("<form>").append( $("<button>").css("width","100%").text("Disable Reference Tooltips").button().click(function(){toggleRT(0)}), $("<br>"), $("<small>").text("Once disabled, Reference Tooltips can be re-enabled using a link in the footer of the page."), $("<hr>"), $("<label>").text("Delay before the tooltip appears (in milliseconds): ").append($("<input>").attr({"type":"number","value":settings[1],step:50,min:0,max:5000})), $("<br>"), $("<span>").text("Tooltip is activated by:"), $("<label>").append( $("<input>").attr({"type":"radio", "name":"RTActivate", "checked":settings[2]==0&&"checked", "disabled":"ontouchstart" in document.documentElement&&"disabled"}), "hovering" ), $("<label>").append( $("<input>").attr({"type":"radio", "name":"RTActivate", "checked":settings[2]==1&&"checked"}), "clicking" ) ).submit(function(e){e.preventDefault()}).dialog({modal:true,width:500,title:"Reference Tooltips options",buttons:{"Save settings":function(){ var a = this.getElementsByTagName("input"), b = +a[0].value; mw.cookie.set("RTsettings","1|"+ (b > -1 && b < 5001 ? b : settings[1]) + (a[1].checked ? "|0" : "|1"), {path:"/",expires:90}); location.reload(); }}}); } } $(this)[ isTouchscreen ? 'click' : 'hover' ](function( e ){ var _this = this; if( isTouchscreen ) { e.preventDefault(); (tooltipNode && tooltipNode.parentNode == document.body) || setTimeout( function(){ $( document.body ).on("click touchstart", function( e ) { e = e || event; e = e.target || e.srcElement; for( ; e && !$( e ).hasClass( "referencetooltip" ) ; ) e = e.parentNode; if( !e ){ clearTimeout( showTimer ); hide( _this ); $(document.body).off("click touchstart", arguments.callee) } }) }, 0); } showTimer && clearTimeout( showTimer ); showTimer = setTimeout( function() { var h = findRef( _this ); if( !h ){return}; if( !isTouchscreen && ( window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop || 0 ) + $(window).height() > $( h ).offset().top + h.offsetHeight ) { h.style.border = "#080086 2px solid"; return; } if(!tooltipNode){ tooltipNode = document.createElement("ul"); tooltipNode.className = "referencetooltip"; var c = tooltipNode.appendChild( h.cloneNode( true ) ); try { if( c.firstChild.nodeName != "A" ) { while( c.childNodes[1].nodeName == "A" && c.childNodes[1].getAttribute( "href" ).indexOf("#cite_ref-") !== -1 ) { do { c.removeChild( c.childNodes[1] ) } while ( c.childNodes[1].nodeValue == " " ); } } } catch (e) { mw.log(e) } c.removeChild( c.firstChild ); $( tooltipNode.firstChild.insertBefore( document.createElement( "span" ), tooltipNode.firstChild.firstChild ) ).addClass("RTsettings").attr("title", "Tooltip settings").click(function(){ mw.loader.using(["mediawiki.cookie","jquery.ui"], openSettingsMenu); }) tooltipNode.appendChild( document.createElement( "li" ) ); isTouchscreen || $(tooltipNode).hover(show, hide); } show(); var o = $(_this).offset(), oH = tooltipNode.offsetHeight; $(tooltipNode).css({top: o.top - oH, left: o.left - 7 }); if( tooltipNode.offsetHeight > oH ) { // is it squished against the right side of the page? $(tooltipNode).css({left:'auto',right:0}); tooltipNode.lastChild.style.marginLeft = (o.left - tooltipNode.offsetLeft) + "px"; } if( checkFlip ) { if( o.top < tooltipNode.offsetHeight + ( window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop || 0 ) ) { // is part of it above the top of the screen? $(tooltipNode).addClass("RTflipped").css({top: o.top + 12}); } else if( tooltipNode.className === "referencetooltip RTflipped" ) { // cancel previous $(tooltipNode).removeClass("RTflipped"); } checkFlip = false; } }, timerLength); }, isTouchscreen ? undefined : function(){clearTimeout(showTimer); hide(this); } ) } ); } } ); a6h3svgdv8uyh9y9t2jv7n8070deedk 8 5339 21742 2021-01-03T04:27:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «/** RefToolbar ************************************************ * * Description: Adds tools for citing references to the edit toolbar. * See [[:en:Wikip...» javascript text/javascript /** RefToolbar ************************************************ * * Description: Adds tools for citing references to the edit toolbar. * See [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar 2.0]] for further documentation. * * To disable this script, add <code>refToolbarInstalled = 'bypass';<code> to [[Special:Mypage/vector.js]]. */ ( function ( mw, $ ) { 'use strict'; function initializeRefTools() { if( window.refToolbarInstalled || $( '#wpTextbox1[readonly]' ).length ){ return; } if ( mw.user.options.get( 'usebetatoolbar' ) ) { // Enhanced editing toolbar is on. Going to load RefToolbar 2.0. $.getScript( '//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-refToolbarBase.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript', function() { mw.loader.using( [ 'ext.wikiEditor' ], function () { mw.loader.load( '//ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:RefToolbar.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript' ); } ); } ); } else if ( mw.user.options.get( 'showtoolbar' ) ) { // Enhanced editing toolbar is off. Loading RefToolbar 1.0. (legacy) mw.loader.load( '//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:RefToolbarLegacy.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&smaxage=21600&maxage=86400' ); } else { return; } window.refToolbarInstalled = true; } if ( $.inArray( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ), [ 'edit', 'submit' ] ) !== -1 ) { // Double check if user.options is loaded, to prevent errors when copy pasted accross installations $.when( mw.loader.using( ['user.options'] ), $.ready ).done( initializeRefTools ); } }( mediaWiki, jQuery ) ); 95ryrsj1qfjl4dv08ouppo7bg8s6g24 8 5340 21743 2021-01-03T05:09:52Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «Reference Tooltips (መወከሲታት ኣብ ቅልቅል በሓሊ መስኮት ንምርኣይ)» wikitext text/x-wiki Reference Tooltips (መወከሲታት ኣብ ቅልቅል በሓሊ መስኮት ንምርኣይ) h1gycr3lse5zmvfju1z1dx9lp5rp9ht 828 5341 24761 21745 2024-04-23T23:28:30Z Liuxinyu970226 3149 [[Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#strict]] Scribunto text/plain --[[ __ __ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ | \/ | ___ __| |_ _| | ___ _| | __ _ _ __ __ _/ ___|_ _(_) |_ ___| |__ | |\/| |/ _ \ / _` | | | | |/ _ (_) | / _` | '_ \ / _` \___ \ \ /\ / / | __/ __| '_ \ | | | | (_) | (_| | |_| | | __/_| |__| (_| | | | | (_| |___) \ V V /| | || (__| | | | |_| |_|\___/ \__,_|\__,_|_|\___(_)_____\__,_|_| |_|\__, |____/ \_/\_/ |_|\__\___|_| |_| |___/ Authors and maintainers: * User:Zolo - original version in Module:Fallback * User:Jarekt ]] -- add optional module -- used for debugging purposes as it detects cases of unintended global variables require('strict') local p = {} --[[ _langSwitch This function is the core part of the LangSwitch template. Example usage from Lua: text = _langSwitch({en='text in english', pl='tekst po polsku'}, lang) Parameters: args - table with translations by language lang - desired language (often user's native language) Error Handling: ]] function p._langSwitch(args, lang) -- args: table of translations -- Return error if there is not default and no english version if not args.en and not args.default then local err = '<b class="error">LangSwitch Error: no default</b>' if args.nocat == '1' then return err else return err .. '[[Category:LangSwitch template without default version]]' end end -- To improve performance try quick switch, and load fallback chain only if needed. -- In the vast majority of cases fast switch is sufficient local val = args[lang] if val == '~' then return '' elseif val and val ~= '' then return val elseif args.quick then return nil end -- get the list of accepetable language (lang + those in lang's fallback chain) and check their content assert(lang, 'LangSwitch Error: no lang') local langList = mw.language.getFallbacksFor(lang) table.insert(langList,1,lang) table.insert(langList,math.max(#langList,2),'default') for _, language in ipairs(langList) do val = args[language] if val == '~' then return '' elseif val and val ~= '' then return val end end end --[[ langSwitch This function is the core part of the LangSwitch template. Example Usage from a template: {{#invoke:fallback|langSwitch|en=text in english|pl=tekst po polsku|lang={{int:lang}} }} Parameters: frame.args - table with translations by language frame.args.lang - desired language (often user's native language) Error Handling: ]] function p.langSwitch(frame) -- version to be used from wikitext local args = frame.args -- if no expected args provided than check parent template/module args if args.en==nil and args.default==nil and args.nocat==nil then args = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args end local lang = args.lang if not lang or not mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(lang) then lang = frame:callParserFunction( "int", "lang" ) -- get user's chosen language end -- Try quick switch which checks the most likely option when fallback is not needed args.quick = true; local val = p._langSwitch(args, lang) if val then return val end -- Allow input in format: {{LangSwitch|de=Grün|es/it/pt=Verde|fr=Vert|en=Green |lang=en}} -- with multiple languages mapping to a single value local args1 = {} for name, value in pairs( args ) do if value ~= '' and type(name)=='string' then for str in string.gmatch( name, "([^/]+)" ) do args1[str] = value end end end return p._langSwitch(args1, lang) end return p bg9ys8cxmgkc9rx0b893ksmvv6d6y8f 0 5342 21757 2021-01-04T14:24:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ቱኒዢያ]] to [[ቱኒዝያ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቱኒዝያ]] 0sokss0l9cb8sh6jw8z6swqkbo9lu08 0 5343 21760 2021-01-04T14:35:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሊቢያ]] to [[ሊብያ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሊብያ]] lk7r0odlfobt42vndn51rvh5fzpo4vh 10 5344 21762 2021-01-04T15:18:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጋምብያ | flag alias = Flag of The Gambia.svg | flag alias-colonial = Gm colonia.png | size...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጋምብያ | flag alias = Flag of The Gambia.svg | flag alias-colonial = Gm colonia.png | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GMB | redir2 = GAM </noinclude> }} rnev40wlrwshssq8z6pmubsblfig2bi 10 5345 21763 2021-01-04T15:40:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስዋዚላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Swaziland.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ስዋዚላንድ | flag alias = Flag of Swaziland.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SWZ </noinclude> }} akq3sgrmq2ko7pz2swipufqss87uo7l 10 5347 21766 2021-01-05T19:37:42Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ካመሩን]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ካሜሩን]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ካሜሩን]] cmb2rfvfvsowvmifx2xen672kg8c8ys 10 5348 22049 22047 2021-01-21T01:01:51Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ብሩንዲ | flag alias = Flag of Burundi.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = BDI </noinclude> }} jma6iv4xbbc6v4to7v2e1u1ofy4u585 10 5349 21768 2021-01-05T19:52:45Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሩዋንዳ | flag alias = Flag of Rwanda.svg | flag alias-1962 = Flag of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሩዋንዳ | flag alias = Flag of Rwanda.svg | flag alias-1962 = Flag of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag Rwanda 1959.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1962 | var2 = 1959 | redir1 = RWA </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> ep7lgitp1cysy9wluvhxcxhpwl58cfq 10 5350 21769 2021-01-05T20:06:24Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{#tag:imagemap| Image:{{{Image|{{{1|Africa_on_the_globe_(red).svg}}}}}}{{!}}{{{size|{{{2|280px}}}}}}{{!}}{{{Alt|{{{3|center}}}}}}{{#if: {{{4|}}} | {{!}}{{{4}...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#tag:imagemap| Image:{{{Image|{{{1|Africa_on_the_globe_(red).svg}}}}}}{{!}}{{{size|{{{2|280px}}}}}}{{!}}{{{Alt|{{{3|center}}}}}}{{#if: {{{4|}}} | {{!}}{{{4}}}{{#if: {{{5|}}} | {{!}}{{{5}}} }} }} poly 502 22 545 35 553 64 565 82 569 94 533 88 547 109 556 133 555 137 532 130 513 130 488 129 470 134 454 140 446 142 443 153 459 168 464 171 491 173 491 173 489 193 496 206 518 231 548 280 566 299 577 315 627 298 644 280 653 250 656 235 688 260 727 304 733 339 755 356 765 356 773 326 781 318 781 372 782 408 789 425 788 332 772 270 733 198 711 158 680 117 651 91 603 58 575 44 542 27 515 17 502 15 [[ኤስያ]] poly 319 784 319 751 564 744 554 762 521 780 490 791 448 793 418 793 371 792 338 792 318 782 [[ኣንታርክቲካ]] poly 427 167 452 177 452 162 446 144 448 133 461 132 476 125 501 123 522 126 544 129 550 129 550 111 541 92 530 79 562 82 543 51 543 28 514 22 482 18 472 8 454 5 446 9 446 21 427 12 416 4 400 3 389 6 373 33 354 43 340 46 332 48 315 54 302 58 321 38 313 28 302 32 291 35 284 55 282 76 282 91 280 106 283 112 276 116 262 120 258 135 258 151 264 160 277 160 282 161 294 163 312 155 318 149 333 149 348 149 360 151 370 160 380 167 402 171 420 175 [[ኤውሮጳ]] poly 373 2 339 16 324 21 304 28 283 29 257 43 230 58 202 72 182 81 167 96 148 114 119 136 96 154 70 175 57 200 40 250 38 264 35 286 20 295 14 288 17 264 40 219 71 173 87 139 111 114 138 88 154 75 174 66 192 55 216 46 239 34 251 29 267 24 288 16 303 10 330 6 349 1 359 1 [[ኣመሪካ (ክፍለ ዓለም)|ኣመሪካ]] poly 792 401 788 414 781 448 782 468 789 467 793 449 792 394 [[ኦሽያንያ]] poly 8 305 34 327 43 352 53 389 72 409 87 427 92 465 91 507 92 536 96 560 97 585 101 616 112 637 123 657 150 693 160 703 166 707 175 714 184 721 184 726 174 728 144 706 109 676 81 639 60 600 43 569 24 529 18 495 9 469 1 355 [[ኣመሪካ (ክፍለ ዓለም)|ኣመሪካ]] poly 446 182 451 246 523 249 500 218 505 198 495 188 [[ግብጺ]] poly 350 148 344 178 354 197 374 177 367 156 [[ቱኒዝያ]] poly 374 177 352 200 351 224 372 242 385 243 388 233 450 262 445 178 [[ሊብያ]] poly 294 166 293 184 248 204 248 218 316 268 328 265 371 236 353 226 351 184 344 176 349 152 [[ኣልጀርያ]] poly 293 167 276 162 259 169 233 202 220 216 186 246 185 255 219 251 222 237 228 221 245 220 251 205 295 185 [[ሞሮኮ]] poly 188 253 187 287 203 285 216 303 255 289 257 226 267 229 249 215 245 223 229 223 226 239 213 253 [[ማውሪታንያ]] poly 184 282 204 284 211 293 216 312 185 311 185 307 202 307 202 299 185 301 183 295 [[ሰነጋል]] poly 180 297 202 298 201 308 182 308 [[ጋምብያ]] poly 182 311 201 309 201 316 188 323 [[ጊኒ-ቢሳው]] poly 188 325 199 316 205 309 230 313 233 341 231 346 224 343 223 336 218 340 217 325 205 328 195 341 [[ጊኒ]] poly 195 336 211 325 218 337 210 354 [[ሴራ ልዮን]] poly 210 354 219 335 225 346 233 343 236 359 231 374 [[ላይበርያ]] poly 235 370 235 354 231 348 239 324 266 328 265 368 [[ኣይቮሪ ኮስት]] poly 265 366 265 352 265 321 284 320 288 332 289 361 [[ጋና]] poly 285 318 285 327 288 363 298 362 295 326 292 322 [[ቶጎ]] poly 290 316 292 329 295 362 303 358 303 335 311 323 305 311 [[በኒን]] poly 302 358 303 332 314 321 314 310 324 297 375 304 381 315 374 322 367 353 355 348 343 358 337 374 316 374 [[ናይጀርያ]] poly 336 367 343 369 345 377 358 382 358 391 346 390 341 383 334 374 [[ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ]] poly 379 309 389 326 381 327 389 340 383 349 383 362 390 381 389 384 345 377 340 364 342 355 351 351 362 353 [[ካሜሩን]] poly 344 387 361 388 361 380 372 380 374 388 379 390 380 412 364 412 358 424 337 404 [[ጋቦን]] poly 399 370 391 384 373 381 373 388 385 386 378 412 361 414 361 420 354 426 360 437 372 421 376 428 391 428 397 413 404 400 410 369 [[ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ]] poly 360 430 370 425 370 434 372 437 401 436 404 457 417 452 419 442 434 449 438 472 446 475 446 486 433 487 431 503 442 518 437 521 415 520 352 513 [[ኣንጎላ]] poly 407 372 413 363 436 368 455 360 473 359 481 366 491 366 500 374 492 392 479 408 479 427 484 441 489 452 474 457 475 467 480 479 485 484 484 490 480 490 476 483 468 477 448 474 434 474 434 460 434 449 422 443 414 447 410 453 402 445 396 434 377 434 371 434 375 427 394 424 397 408 410 399 [[ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኮንጎ]] poly 363 512 437 513 453 515 449 523 425 524 423 541 413 545 415 591 382 590 [[ናሚብያ]] poly 392 586 419 588 419 566 428 578 442 564 454 571 468 555 481 546 491 554 492 565 483 569 483 578 482 585 469 587 455 590 457 601 465 598 473 591 474 585 485 580 497 577 487 599 467 617 448 625 415 627 398 617 [[ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ]] poly 459 586 459 604 473 600 478 587 471 580 [[ሌሶቶ]] poly 481 564 483 582 495 582 497 565 [[ስዋዚላንድ]] poly 487 497 490 508 504 514 504 532 497 542 490 550 491 569 503 574 525 559 521 533 537 521 562 501 558 469 518 475 520 489 525 502 518 510 515 513 513 504 514 496 505 493 [[ሞዛምቢክ]] poly 495 402 497 418 485 433 489 445 497 454 513 461 521 474 521 477 558 468 551 428 531 412 514 402 [[ታንዛንያ]] poly 526 362 516 365 522 381 518 395 512 403 551 429 569 411 563 399 565 365 546 371 [[ኬንያ]] poly 564 409 559 366 584 363 603 339 574 334 572 325 573 320 591 316 607 311 619 310 622 329 617 352 603 374 579 397 [[ሶማልያ]] poly 569 311 561 313 564 325 571 325 576 319 [[ጅቡቲ]] poly 539 271 526 279 526 296 526 302 537 295 551 299 561 311 564 315 567 306 556 294 [[ኤርትራ]] poly 450 246 526 246 535 267 535 274 523 286 525 300 517 315 514 332 513 336 509 325 508 315 499 312 496 325 483 325 474 330 459 332 455 329 447 336 444 333 444 319 435 307 438 295 445 289 443 266 [[ሱዳን]] poly 483 402 479 415 493 416 494 402 [[ሩዋንዳ]] poly 494 372 483 403 515 403 523 379 512 369 [[ኡጋንዳ]] poly 480 414 481 435 496 414 [[ቡሩንዲ]] poly 431 484 435 509 446 524 469 514 484 503 501 498 505 489 506 478 511 469 506 459 493 451 480 456 475 470 479 476 484 481 485 489 482 492 474 486 464 478 445 475 449 486 [[ዛምብያ]] poly 507 462 507 481 501 488 505 495 509 496 515 499 514 511 523 512 524 502 522 492 520 480 520 466 514 462 [[ማላዊ]] poly 457 517 453 523 463 531 477 547 487 548 494 543 506 514 504 507 493 502 479 504 467 512 [[ዚምባብዌ]] poly 426 521 425 544 418 549 422 573 429 580 432 567 453 568 463 557 477 544 467 538 460 525 453 521 438 519 [[ቦትስዋና]] poly 527 299 510 330 510 343 517 354 527 367 547 373 567 369 585 363 598 340 566 332 567 323 558 322 564 309 548 299 530 298 [[ኢትዮጵያ]] poly 451 328 450 344 468 360 477 368 488 362 495 373 522 369 526 359 519 345 507 339 516 329 509 319 509 313 498 323 481 326 466 324 473 332 462 331 [[ደቡብ ሱዳን]] poly 393 341 383 356 390 378 396 380 404 373 412 367 438 366 463 370 471 362 459 344 450 337 445 333 439 320 429 326 [[ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] poly 383 239 392 260 389 277 385 292 372 302 375 310 385 322 386 333 383 336 391 346 402 345 414 336 445 324 441 316 431 307 445 291 449 283 447 256 [[ጫድ]] poly 316 268 315 292 293 294 290 305 304 318 311 314 326 304 360 310 380 304 380 295 387 287 389 265 386 247 378 240 370 237 360 238 [[ኒጀር]] poly 217 293 216 308 230 310 237 327 255 321 261 305 290 293 311 287 315 271 271 230 257 230 249 286 [[ማሊ]] poly 253 312 249 323 255 330 270 330 269 319 294 319 304 312 296 305 289 293 270 297 [[ቡርኪና ፋሶ]] poly 618 471 593 482 580 499 563 506 552 537 542 563 553 579 579 576 594 561 604 538 612 514 617 481 [[ማዳጋስካር]] }}<noinclude> ኣብነታት፦ <nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}|Imagen.svg}} <nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}|Imagen.svg|left|281px}} ==ምንጪ== *[[:commons:Template:Globes_imagemap_(location_map_scheme)|Template:Globes imagemap (location map scheme)]] *[[:commons:Category:Imagemaps_(location_map_scheme)|Category:Imagemaps (location map scheme)]] </noinclude> e5rwdmpn2z4ffpmca55ayl9yq570144 10 5351 21774 2021-01-05T21:31:48Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «__NOTOC__ <div id="toc" class="toc plainlinks hlist" style="text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"> <div id="toctitle" style="text-align:cente...» wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <div id="toc" class="toc plainlinks hlist" style="text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"> <div id="toctitle" style="text-align:center;"><span 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class="plainlinks">[//ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title={{urlencode:{{{1|PAGENAMEE}}}}}&action=history {{{2|ታሪኽ}}}]</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> it3akf2fted4ijtg2ls2fnjky5ol43o 10 5358 21789 21788 2021-01-06T00:00:09Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ኣመዓራርይ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks noprint">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit{{{3|}}}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|ኣመዓራርይ|ኣመዓራርይ|{{int:edit}}}}}}]</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 5jv8dd0dz24hc7spbxdvqrvylnwz55m 10 5359 21794 21793 2021-01-06T00:17:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Tlc]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <code>&#123;&#123;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}| epc&#124;...}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{2|x}}}|{{{2|}}}| &#124;{{{2}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{3|x}}}|{{{3|}}}| &#124;{{{3}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{4|x}}}|{{{4|}}}| &#124;{{{4}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{5|x}}}|{{{5|}}}| &#124;{{{5}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{6|x}}}|{{{6|}}}| &#124;{{{6}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{7|x}}}|{{{7|}}}| &#124;{{{7}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{8|x}}}|{{{8|}}}| &#124;{{{8}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{9|x}}}|{{{9|}}}| &#124;{{{9}}} | }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{10|x}}}|{{{10|}}}| &#124;{{{10}}} | }}<!-- -->&#125;&#125;</code><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> hg9c36eth4nfvxj166uwnxtqasnzkbs 10 5360 21796 2021-01-06T00:28:44Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Country data| ]] </includeonly>» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Country data| ]] </includeonly> bjpnehmq1dzu38gu62p7i1fi1uxmtgu 10 5361 21799 2021-01-06T00:34:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ቬንዙዌላ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] 09pcckpg6brpo63bb2l6fnn31h9kz69 10 5362 21804 2021-01-06T02:30:48Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሎምቢያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሎምብያ]]: spelling error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሎምብያ]] op1fdnakjk6gr3c6qa1wvzyim2saezy 10 5363 21807 2021-01-06T02:46:02Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{Country data {{{1}}} | navy/core | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1}}} | navy/core | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> qchbhfkp6ecem8tgima81mja2q1z8im 10 5364 21808 2021-01-06T02:57:39Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<span class="flagicon">ፋይል:{{ #if: {{{variant|}}} | {{{flag alias-{{{variante}}}}}} | {{{flag alias-naval|{{{flag alias}}}}}} }}|{{ #if: {{{size|}...» wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[ፋይል:{{ #if: {{{variant|}}} | {{{flag alias-{{{variante}}}}}} | {{{flag alias-naval|{{{flag alias}}}}}} }}|{{ #if: {{{size|}}} | {{{size}}} | 22x20px }}|border|ባንዴራ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ {{{alias}}}]]&nbsp;</span>[[{{{link alias-naval|ሓይሊ ባሕሪ {{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{name|}}} | {{!}}{{{name}}} }}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 6fvnx7921wg42xf3kfsrndtqrb00t8a 10 5365 21812 2021-01-06T03:31:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሎምብያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሎምብያ]] op1fdnakjk6gr3c6qa1wvzyim2saezy 14 5366 21816 2021-01-06T03:59:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{መሓበሪ}}» wikitext text/x-wiki {{መሓበሪ}} 0mqktmgo7qwf7lmdsmrko1n6rrrqrqi 10 5367 21817 2021-01-06T04:01:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኡራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኡራጓይ]] rvovrpp5gs6cycpchv9cg0eooqn8f7v 10 5368 21818 2021-01-06T04:02:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኡራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኡራጓይ]] rvovrpp5gs6cycpchv9cg0eooqn8f7v 10 5369 21832 2021-01-06T15:42:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] 7bn3mk9kl4cwzl1q7s9zybtjzrkmxm2 10 5370 21833 2021-01-06T15:42:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] 7bn3mk9kl4cwzl1q7s9zybtjzrkmxm2 10 5371 21834 2021-01-06T15:42:33Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን መቄዶንያ]] 7bn3mk9kl4cwzl1q7s9zybtjzrkmxm2 10 5372 21836 2021-01-06T15:47:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሶቮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሶቮ]] eyltd8xhfobr0atweh5mxsw8qwe5zss 10 5373 21837 2021-01-06T15:47:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሶቮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኮሶቮ]] eyltd8xhfobr0atweh5mxsw8qwe5zss 10 5374 21838 2021-01-06T15:52:09Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «{{Country data {{{1}}} | air force/core | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinc...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1}}} | air force/core | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0p4a55shaymotqezwowj3axgheotvfh 10 5375 21839 2021-01-06T16:00:23Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<span class="flagicon">ፋይል:{{ #if: {{{variant|}}} | {{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}}}} | {{{flag alias-air force|{{{flag alias}}}}}} }}|{{ #if: {{{siz...» wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[ፋይል:{{ #if: {{{variant|}}} | {{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}}}} | {{{flag alias-air force|{{{flag alias}}}}}} }}|{{ #if: {{{size|}}} | {{{size}}} | 22x20px }}|border|ባንዴራ ሓይሊ ኣየር {{{alias}}}]]&nbsp;</span>[[{{{link alias-air force|{{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{name|}}} | {{!}}{{{name}}} }}]]<noinclude> </noinclude> 92i0cez21aegxx2zd39yuz8kw23xc6o 10 5376 21841 2021-01-06T16:04:35Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቻይና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቻይና]] 67c8zdytnexo42jkzynpo2mx61w5l9h 10 5377 21842 2021-01-06T16:04:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቻይና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቻይና]] 67c8zdytnexo42jkzynpo2mx61w5l9h 0 5378 21845 2021-01-06T16:13:55Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ባንዴራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ባንዴራ]] iibwsjimpsk6uqkzzp39a8ij4edxyeb 10 5379 23076 21863 2021-08-27T14:36:00Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |headertype = flag |titlestyle = color:#FFF |colorbackgroundtitle= #C0C0C0 |title = {{#if:{{{ስም|}}}|ባንዴራ {{{ስም}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} |subtitle = {{#if:{{{ምስሊ|<noinclude>ምስሊ</noinclude>}}}|[[ፋይል:{{{ምስሊ|<noinclude>Flag of None.svg</noinclude>}}}|{{#switch:{{{ምስሊ}}}|Flag of Nepal.svg=|Flag of Ohio.svg=|border}}|200x150px|{{#if:{{{ስም|}}}|ባንዴራ {{{ስም}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}]]}} |subtitlestyle = padding:.4em; |sectionstyle = background-color:#C0C0C0; color:white; |labelstyle = text-align: left; background-color: #efefef; |section1 = {{#if:{{{ግዝኣት|}}}{{{ዓቐን|}}}{{{ኣጠቓቕማ|}}}{{{ምልክት|}}}{{{ምርዓም|}}}{{{ሕብርታት|}}}{{{ንድፊ|}}}{{{ነዳፊ|}}}|ሓፈሻዊ ሓበሬታ}} |label2 = ግዝኣት |data2 = {{{ግዝኣት|}}} |label3 = ሓባራዊ |data3 = {{{ሓባራዊ|}}} |label4 = ኣካል |data4 = {{{ኣካል|}}} |label5 = ፍጻሜ |data5 = {{{ፍጻሜ|}}} |label6 = ኣጠቓቕማ |data6 = {{#if:{{{ኣጠቓቕማ|}}}|[[ፋይል:FIAV {{{ኣጠቓቕማ}}}.svg|23px]]}}{{#if:{{{ምልክት|}}}|[[ፋይል:FIAV {{{ምልክት}}}.svg|23px]]}}{{#if:{{{ምልክት2|}}}|[[ፋይል:FIAV {{{ምልክት2}}}.svg|23px]]}} |label7 = ዓቐን |data7 = {{{ዓቐን|}}} |label8 = ተቐባልነት |data8 = {{{ተቐባልነት|}}} |label9 = ሕብርታት |data9 = {{{ሕብርታት|}}} |label10 = ንድፊ |data10 = {{{ንድፊ|}}} |label11 = ነዳፊ |data11 = {{{ነዳፊ|}}} }}<includeonly></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> mfm39isot03z05kze5ojb0r6z8rn9f1 10 5380 22913 22912 2021-07-16T17:08:10Z 2603:8080:4740:9F:5147:9D80:EF0:F3F wikitext text/x-wiki {{clear}} <center> {{ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ | ዓይነት = ትሕዝቶ | ቅዲ = width: 640px; | የማናይ ምስሊ = [[ፋይል:Flag template.svg|40px|link={{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}}]] | ጽሑፍ = <FONT SIZE=3> '''ጀምር!''' እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ [[ባንዴራ]] '''መሰረት''' ወይ '''መዋቕር''' እዩ። <span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!] </FONT> <small>{{#if:{{{መዓልቲ|}}}| ({{{መዓልቲ|}}})|}}</small></span> }}</center> <noinclude> [[መደብ:መዋቕራት ባንዴራ]] jc54ok25p44w8zwr05a5j8h0sdobry5 10 5381 23080 21855 2021-08-28T13:50:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሽም ወርሒ]] to [[ሞደል:ስም ወርሒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch: {{{1|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} |1|13=ጥሪ |2=ለካቲት |3=መጋቢት |4=ሚያዝያ |5=ግንቦት |6=ሰነ |7=ሓምለ |8=ነሓሰ |9=መስከረም |10=ጥቅምቲ |11=ሕዳር |12|0=ታሕሳስ |{{{1}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> tsop64qesytgo44ps4j5ox8vzmdc0v3 10 5382 21857 21856 2021-01-06T21:41:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ዕድመ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#expr:({{{6|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}})-({{{3}}})-(({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})<({{{2}}})or({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})=({{{2}}})and({{{4|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}})<({{{1}}}))}}{{{ዓመታት|&nbsp;ዓመታት}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ebt6t0xno66tpezsmm3ynhf20nb7u32 10 5383 23084 23082 2021-08-28T13:51:00Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ucfirst:{{ስም ወርሒ|{{{1| {{CURRENTMONTH}} }}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|ሞደል:ስም ወርሒ/doc}}</noinclude> 204zd5ehgmlnm259wnx8iot8aisvg32 10 5384 23079 21860 2021-08-28T13:50:27Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{3|}}}<!-- ዓመት --> | {{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- ወርሒ --> | {{#if: {{{1|}}}<!-- መዓልቲ --> | {{#switch: {{{link|}}} | yes = [[{{{1}}} {{ስም ወርሒ|{{{2}}}}}]] {{{3}}} [[{{{3}}}]] | {{{1}}} {{ስም ወርሒ|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}} }}<!-- the day was not received, it only shows "month of year" --> | {{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | yes | [[{{{3}}}#{{ስም ወርሒ/ወርሒ|{{{2}}}}}|{{ስም ወርሒ|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}} {{{3}}}]] | {{ስም ወርሒ|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}} {{{3}}} }} }}<!-- month was not received, only shows "year" --> | {{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | yes | [[{{{3}}}]] | {{{3}}} }} }} {{#if: {{{4|}}}<!-- age (any string can be sent) --> | {{#if: {{{5|}}} | {{#if: {{{6|}}}<!-- parameters 4,5,6 indicate date of birth, to give the age on the date of death --> | ({{ዕድመ | {{{4|}}} | {{ቍጽሪ ወርሒ|{{{5|}}}}} | {{{6|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{ቍጽሪ ወርሒ|{{{2|}}}}} | {{{3|}}}}}) }} | ({{ዕድመ | {{{1|}}} | {{ቍጽሪ ወርሒ|{{{2|}}}}} | {{{3|}}}}})<!-- age today --> }} }} | {{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- the year was not received, it only shows "day of month" --> | {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | yes | [[{{{1}}} {{ስም ወርሒ|{{{2}}}}}]] | {{{1}}} {{ስም ወርሒ|{{{2}}}}} }} }} }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> g0dbe1p9ap33ks13kuj0n43ck7mooh1 10 5385 21862 2021-01-06T22:13:30Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ፦ «<span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:{{{size|90%}}}; {{#ifeq:{{{vertical|}}}|0| |display:block;}}"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-co...» wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:{{{size|90%}}}; {{#ifeq:{{{vertical|}}}|0| |display:block;}}"><span style="border: 1px solid; border-color: {{{border|{{{borde|black}}}}}}; background-color:{{{1|none}}}; color:{{{color|{{{color2|white}}}}}}">&nbsp;&nbsp;{{{text2|}}}&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;{{{2|}}}</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> tdqcptazexckaek4gohfbn5yabdl34q 0 5386 21864 2021-01-07T00:28:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኮሎምብያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኮሎምብያ]] tiszo8e9hxprkpq02sevxpcr5monzzo 0 5387 24691 23077 2024-01-29T13:55:46Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_the_Gran_Colombia.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Gran_Colombia.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ባንዴራ | ስም = ኮሎምብያ | ምስሊ = Flag of Colombia.svg | ኣጠቓቕማ = 110010 | ምልክት = normal | ዓቐን = 2:3 | ተቐባልነት = {{ዕለት|26|11|1861|ዕድመ}} | ሕብርታት = {{መግለጺ|#FCD116|[[ብጫ]]}} {{መግለጺ|#003893|[[ሰማያዊ]]}} {{መግለጺ|#CE1126|[[ቀይሕ]]}} | ነዳፊ = [[ፍራንሲስኮ ደ ሚራንዳ]]<br/>[[ሊኖ ደ ክለመንተ]] }} [[ሃገራዊት ባንዴራ|ሃገራዊት]] '''ባንዴራ ሪፓብሊክ [[ኮሎምብያ]]''' ንናጽነት ኮሎምብያ ካብ [[ስጳኛ]] ተመልክት፣ ብ20 ሓምለ 1810 ተረኺባ። [[ፋይል:Bandera Colombia Animacion.gif|thumb|200x200px|ባንዴራ ኮሎምብያ እናወዛወዘት]] [[ፋይል:Bogotá - Bandera de Colombia - CAN.JPG|280px|thumb|ባንዴራ ኮሎምብያ ኣብ [[ቦጎታ]]]] == ዝሓለፋ ባንዴራታት == <gallery widths="180" class="center" style="text-align:center;"> ፋይል:Flag of New Granada (1830-1834).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV_historical.svg|23px]] ኣብ መንጎ 1830ን 9 ግንቦት 1834ን ተጠቒማ። ፋይል:Flag of New Granada.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV_historical.svg|23px]] ኣብ መንጎ 9 ግንቦት 1834ን 26 ሓምለ 1861ን ተጠቒማ። ፋይል:Flag of United States of New Granada.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV_historical.svg|23px]] ኣብ መንጎ 26 ሓምለን 26 ሕዳር 1861ን ተጠቒማ። </gallery> == ጋለሪ ባንዴራታት == '''ሃገራዊት ባንዴራ''' <gallery> ፋይል:Flag of Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV normal.svg|23px]] ባንዴራ [[ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኮሎምብያ]]ን እዋናዊት [[ሪፓብሊክ ኮሎምብያ]]ን፣ ካብ 26 ሕዳር 1861 ክሳዕ ሎሚ ተጠቒማ። ፋይል:Flag of Colombia (construction sheet).svg|ንድፍን ዓቐናትን ሃገራዊት ባንዴራ። </gallery> '''ታሪኻዊት ባንዴራታት''' <gallery> ፋይል:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1811-1814) ፋይል:Flag of New Granada (1814-1816).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1814-1816) ፋይል:Flag of the Gran Colombia (1819-1820).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1819) ፋይል:Flag of the Gran Colombia (1820-1821).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1820) ፋይል:Flag of Gran Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1821-1831) ፋይል:Flag of New Granada (1830-1834).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1830-1834) ፋይል:Flag of New Granada.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1834-1861) ፋይል:Flag of United States of New Granada.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1861) </gallery> '''ወተሃደራዊትን ሲቪላዊትን ባንዴራታት''' <gallery> ፋይል:Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV 000100.svg|23px]] ንግዳዊት ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ባንዴራ። ''ዓቐን፦ 2:3''። ፋይል:Civil flag of Colombia (construction sheet).svg|ንድፍን ዓቐናትን ንግዳዊት ባንዴራ ኮሎምብያ። ፋይል:Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV 000001.svg|23px]] ባንዴራ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ። ''ዓቐን፦ 2:3''። ፋይል:Naval flag of Colombia (construction sheet).png|ንድፍን ዓቐናትን ባንዴራ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ። ፋይል:Military flag of Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV 001000.svg|23px]] ባንዴራ ሰራዊት። ''ዓቐን፦ 4:5''። ፋይል:Military flag of Colombia (construction sheet).png|ንድፍን ዓቐናትን ወተሃደራዊት ባንዴራ። ፋይል:Flag of the President of Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV 010000.svg|23px]] ፕረዚደንታዊት ባንዴራ። ''ዓቐን፦ 2:3''። ፋይል:Presidential flag of Colombia (construction sheet).png|ንድፍን ዓቐናትን ፕረዚደንታዊት ባንዴራ። </gallery> '''ታሪኻዊት ወተሃደራዊትን ሲቪላዊትን ባንዴራታት''' <gallery> ፋይል:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1834-1861) ፋይል:Naval ensign of New Granada.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1834-1861) ፋይል:Civil ensign of United States of Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1861-1886) ፋይል:Naval ensign of United States of Colombia.svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] (1861-1886) </gallery> [[መደብ:ሃገራዊት ባንዴራታት]] [[መደብ:ባንዴራታት ኮሎምብያ]] er7cy233u0c7s5sgv8m0pqfjeczjowm 10 5388 21868 2021-01-09T20:42:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሊብያ | flag alias = Flag of Libya.svg | flag alias-1951 = Flag of Libya (1951).svg | flag...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሊብያ | flag alias = Flag of Libya.svg | flag alias-1951 = Flag of Libya (1951).svg | flag alias-1969 = Flag of Libyan Arab Republic 1969.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Libya.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ሊብያ | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1951 | var2 = 1969 | redir1 = LBY | redir2 = LBA </noinclude> }} fpz5iii8s9np41e8n24iu14rx8yto68 10 5389 21869 2021-01-09T20:51:43Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኮሞሮስ | flag alias = Flag of the Comoros.svg | flag alias-1978 = Flag of the Comoros (1...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኮሞሮስ | flag alias = Flag of the Comoros.svg | flag alias-1978 = Flag of the Comoros (1978-1992).svg | flag alias-1992 = Flag of the Comoros (1992-1996).svg | flag alias-1996 = Flag of the Comoros (1996-2001).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኮሞሮስ | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1978 | var2 = 1992 | var3 = 1996 | redir1 = COM </noinclude> }} eywi6gm3q95np8zfq3wfd80magml97r 10 5390 21870 2021-01-09T21:05:51Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሲሸልስ | flag alias = Flag of the Seychelles.svg | flag alias-1976 = Flag of the Seychel...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሲሸልስ | flag alias = Flag of the Seychelles.svg | flag alias-1976 = Flag of the Seychelles 1976.svg | flag alias-1977 = Flag of the Seychelles 1977.svg | flag alias-colonial = Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ሲሸልስ | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1976 | var2 = 1977 | var3 = colonial | redir1 = SYC | redir2 = SEY </noinclude> }} kx7fua7i5pgsm7hw3aicc3suhgsahhv 10 5391 21871 2021-01-09T21:54:56Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤርትራ | flag alias = Flag of Eritrea.svg | flag alias-1881 = Ethiopian Pennants.svg | f...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኤርትራ | flag alias = Flag of Eritrea.svg | flag alias-1881 = Ethiopian Pennants.svg | flag alias-1897 = Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg | flag alias-colony = Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg | flag alias-british = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | flag alias-1941 = Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg | flag alias-1952 = Flag of Eritrea (1952-1961).svg | flag alias-1961 = Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg | flag alias-1975 = Flag of Ethiopia (1975–1987) (02).svg | flag alias-1987 = Flag of Ethiopia (1987-1991).svg | flag alias-1991 = Flag of Ethiopia (1991-1996).svg | flag alias-1993 = Flag of Eritrea (1993–1995).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኤርትራ | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1881 | var2 = 1897 | var3 = colony | var4 = british | var5 = 1941 | var6 = 1952 | var7 = 1961 | var8 = 1975 | var9 = 1987 | var10 = 1991 | var11 = 1993 | redir1 = ERI </noinclude> }} gh1g1etadxcz7sggvjyr7ifzfofl3nj 10 5392 21872 2021-01-09T21:55:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኤርትራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኤርትራ]] igtw6n81fp7nu0y9lxvm59nebfb70gn 10 5393 21874 2021-01-09T22:02:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ጂቡቲ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ጅቡቲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ጅቡቲ]] gz2uxvxefwfv4k8s1fkr1ed4l78f8qw 10 5394 22770 22768 2021-06-21T09:20:13Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ | flag alias = Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SADR | redir2 = ሰሃራዊ ሪፓብሊክ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> neahd44vvws4gl2gffirrh10esj7gq9 10 5395 22781 21877 2021-06-24T00:18:14Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] lopptb72h2urhcc8ts8qhzlwzan15hk 10 5396 22782 21878 2021-06-24T00:18:19Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] lopptb72h2urhcc8ts8qhzlwzan15hk 10 5397 22772 22771 2021-06-21T09:23:09Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሳህራ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ | flag alias = Flag of Western Sahara.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ESH | redir2 = ምዕራብ ሰሃራ | related1 = ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> jgn24vllzj6t70dxmbp3atdps2qufv0 10 5398 22780 21880 2021-06-24T00:18:09Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ]] c9mezarkfm7ka83mfmrz1m9rg9t9pys 10 5399 21882 2021-01-10T00:27:18Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሪዩንየን]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ርዩንየን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ርዩንየን]] fej7is293pnjpym4aquq2nd7q2mm4ko 10 5400 21884 2021-01-10T00:56:56Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማደይራ | flag alias = Flag of Madeira.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | al...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ማደይራ | flag alias = Flag of Madeira.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }}<noinclude> </noinclude> s7lsy8pr33vknumokn6znuzpvyis33o 0 5401 21886 2021-01-10T11:22:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ስጳኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስጳኛ]] shun7hvbn617ftgk2nm2djq6lespcux 0 5402 21887 2021-01-10T11:23:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ስጳኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስጳኛ]] shun7hvbn617ftgk2nm2djq6lespcux 0 5406 21900 2021-01-12T20:11:33Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[2019-2020 ኮሮናቫይረስ ለበዳ]] to [[ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19]]: title updated wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19]] 4flmpoa1pc1lhujf1mgc54c976g04mi 10 5408 21906 2021-01-13T22:00:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ናይ ግዝኣት ሓበሬታ]] to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግዝኣት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግዝኣት]] bls60ep2zg3qvr5jk3otgirswlod3te 828 5409 24343 22194 2023-06-22T01:36:57Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:ክርክራት').getArguments local function round(n, decimals) local pow = 10^(decimals or 0) return math.floor(n * pow + 0.5) / pow end function p.getMapParams(map, frame) if not map then error('The name of the location map definition to use must be specified', 2) end map = mw.text.trim(map) --local moduletitle = mw.title.new('ሞድዩል:ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ/' .. map) --mw.log('Name ' .. 'ሞድዩል:ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ/' .. map) --if not moduletitle then -- mw.log('Invalid name ' .. 'ሞድዩል:ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ/' .. map) -- error('"' .. map .. '" is not a valid name for a location map definition', 2) --elseif moduletitle.exists then -- local mapData = mw.loadData('ሞድዩል:ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ/' .. map) -- return function(name, params) -- if name == nil then -- return 'ሞድዩል:ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ/' .. map -- elseif mapData[name] == nil then -- return '' -- elseif params then -- return mw.message.newRawMessage(tostring(mapData[name]), unpack(params)):plain() -- else -- return mapData[name] -- end -- end --elseif mw.title.new('ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ' .. map).exists then if mw.title.new('ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ' .. map).exists then local cache = {} if type(frame) ~= 'table' or type(frame.expandTemplate) ~= 'function' then error('You must supply the frame object of the page if you use a map implemented using a template') end return function(name, params) if params then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ' .. map, args = { name, unpack(params) }} else if name == nil then return 'ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ' .. map elseif cache[name] == nil then cache[name] = frame:expandTemplate{title = 'ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ' .. map, args = { name }} end return cache[name] end end else error('The specified location cannot be displayed because there is no ሞድዩል:ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ/' .. map .. ' or ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ' .. map, 2) end end function p.data(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local params = {} for k,v in ipairs(args) do if k > 2 then params[k-2] = v end end return map(args[2], #params ~= 0 and params) end local hemisphereMultipliers = { longitude = { W = -1, w = -1, O = -1, o = -1, E = 1, e = 1 }, latitude = { S = -1, s = -1, N = 1, n = 1 } } local function decdeg(degrees, minutes, seconds, hemisphere, decimal, direction) if not degrees or degrees == '' then if not decimal or decimal == '' then return nil end local retval = tonumber(decimal) if not retval then error('The value "' .. decimal .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end return retval end decimal = tonumber(degrees) if not decimal then error('The degree value "' .. degrees .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end if minutes and minutes == '' then minutes = 0 end if seconds and seconds == '' then seconds = 0 end if minutes and not tonumber(minutes) then error('The minute value "' .. minutes .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end if seconds and not tonumber(seconds) then error('The second value "' .. seconds .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal + (minutes or 0)/60 + (seconds or 0)/3600 if hemisphere and hemisphere ~= '' then local multiplier = hemisphereMultipliers[direction][hemisphere] if not multiplier then error('The hemisphere "' .. hemisphere .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal * multiplier end return decimal end -- effectively make removeBlanks false for caption and maplink, and true for everything else -- if useWikidata is present but blank, convert it to false instead of nil -- p.top, p.bottom, and their callers need to use this function p.valueFunc(key, value) if value then value = mw.text.trim(value) end if value ~= '' or key == 'እግሪ' or key == 'caption' or key == 'maplink' or key == "መጋጠሚ_ካርታ" then return value elseif key == 'useWikidata' or key == "ዊኪዳታ_ተጠቀም"then return false end end local function getContainerImage(args, map) if (args.AlternativeMap and args.AlternativeMap ~= '') or (args['ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ'] and args['ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ'] ~= '') then return args.AlternativeMap or args['ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ'] elseif args['ዓይነት'] and args['ዓይነት'] ~= '' and map(args['ዓይነት']) and map(args['ዓይነት']) ~= '' then return map(args['ዓይነት']) elseif args.relief or args['ቅርጻ_መሬት'] and map('image1') ~= '' then return map('image1') else return map('image') end end function p.top(frame, args, map) local alignment, border, caption, width, mapLink, label, overlayImage if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end -- Variable with parameters in English or in Tigrinya local width width = args['ስፍሓት'] or args.width alignment = args['ኣሳላልፋ'] or args.float caption = args.caption or args['እግሪ'] mapLink = args['መጋጠሚ_ካርታ'] or args.maplink label = args.label or args['ገላጺ'] border = args['ወሰን'] or args.border overlayImage = args['ዝተለበጠ_ምስሊ'] or args.overlay_image if not width or width == '' then width = round((args.default_width or 255) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) elseif mw.ustring.sub(width, -2) == 'px' then width = mw.ustring.sub(width, 1, -3) else width = width end local retval = alignment == 'center' and '<div class="center">' or '' if caption and caption ~= '' and caption ~= 'no' then retval = retval .. '<div class="noviewer thumb ' if alignment == '"left"' or alignment == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'tleft' elseif alignment == '"center"' or alignment == 'center' or alignment == 'ማእከል' or alignment == '"none"' or alignment == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'tnone' else retval = retval .. 'tright' end retval = retval .. '"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:' .. (width + 2) .. 'px' if border == 'none' then retval = retval .. ';border:none' elseif border then retval = retval .. ';border-color:' .. border end retval = retval .. '"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px' .. (border ~= 'none' and ';border:1px solid lightgray">' or '">') else retval = retval .. '<div style="width:' .. width .. 'px;' if alignment == '"left"' or alignment == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'float:left;clear:left' elseif alignment == '"center"' or alignment == 'center' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto' elseif alignment == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:none' else retval = retval .. 'float:right;clear:right' end retval = retval .. '"><div style="width:' .. width .. 'px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px">' end local image = getContainerImage(args, map) retval = string.format( '%s[[ፋይል:%s|%spx|%s%s]]', retval, image, width, args.alt or ('alt=' .. (label or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) .. ' ዝርኸብ ኣብ ' .. map('name')), mapLink and ('|link=' .. mapLink) or '' ) if args.overlay_image then return retval .. '<div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0">[[ፋይል:' .. overlayImage .. '|' .. width .. 'px]]</div>' else return retval end end function p.bottom(frame, args, map) local alignment, border, caption, width, mapLink, label, captionUndefined if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end -- Variable with parameters in English or in Tigrinya local width width = args['ስፍሓት'] or args.width alignment = args['ኣሳላልፋ'] or args.float caption = args.caption or args['እግሪ'] mapLink = args['መጋጠሚ_ካርታ'] or args.maplink label = args['ገላጺ'] or args.label border = args['ወሰን'] or args.border captionUndefined = args['ዘይተገልጸ_እግሪ'] or args.caption_undefined local retval = '</div>' if not caption then retval = retval .. '<div style="font-size:90%;padding-top:3px">' .. (( label or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) .. ' (' .. map('name') .. ')') .. '</div>' elseif caption == '' or caption == 'no' then retval = retval .. '<div style="font-size:90%;padding-top:3px"></div>' else -- Creating a link without any text on purpose so that the CSS can give us a good image retval = retval .. '<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify">[[:ፋይል:' .. getContainerImage(args, map) .. '| ]]</div>' .. caption .. '</div>' end retval = retval .. '</div></div>' retval = retval .. (alignment == 'center' and '</div>' or '') if captionUndefined then mw.log('Removed parameter ዘይተገልጸ_እግሪ.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') retval = retval .. '[[Category:Wikipedia:Location maps with removed parameters|caption_undefined]]' end return retval end local function markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv) return mw.html.create('div') :cssText('position:absolute;top:' .. round(y, 3) .. '%;left:' .. round(x, 3) .. '%;height:0;width:0;margin:0;padding:0') :node(imageDiv) :node(labelDiv) end local function markImageDiv(mark, marksize, label, link, alt, title) local builder = mw.html.create('div') :cssText('position:absolute;text-align:center;left:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px;top:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px;width:' .. marksize .. 'px;font-size:' .. marksize .. 'px;line-height:0') :attr('title', title) if marksize ~= 0 then builder:wikitext(string.format( '[[ፋይል:%s|%dx%dpx|%s|link=%s%s]]', mark, marksize, marksize, label, link, alt and ('|alt=' .. alt) or '' )) end return builder end local function markLabelDiv(label, label_size, label_width, position, background, x, marksize) local builder = mw.html.create('div') :cssText('font-size:' .. label_size .. '%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:' .. label_width .. 'em') local distance = round(marksize / 2 + 1) local spanCss if position == 'top' then -- specified top builder:cssText('bottom:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em;text-align:center') elseif position == 'bottom' then -- specified bottom builder:cssText('top:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em;text-align:center') elseif position == 'left' or (tonumber(x) > 70 and position ~= 'right') then -- specified left or autodetected to left builder:cssText('top:-0.75em;right:' .. distance .. 'px;text-align:right') spanCss = 'float:right' else -- specified right or autodetected to right builder:cssText('top:-0.75em;left:' .. distance .. 'px;text-align:left') spanCss = 'float:left' end builder = builder:tag('span') :cssText('padding:1px') :cssText(spanCss) :wikitext(label) if background then builder:cssText('background-color:' .. background) end return builder:done() end local function getX(longitude, left, right) local width = (tonumber(right) - tonumber(left)) % 360 if width == 0 then width = 360 end local distanceFromLeft = (longitude - left) % 360 -- The distance beyond the right of the map equals distanceFromLeft - width. -- The distance beyond the left of the map equals 360 - distanceFromLeft. -- to minimize stretching of the page it will be in any way shorter if distanceFromLeft - width / 2 >= 180 then distanceFromLeft = distanceFromLeft - 360 end return 100 * distanceFromLeft / width end local function getY(latitude, top, bottom) return 100 * (top - latitude) / (top - bottom) end function p.mark(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'ካርታ ቦታ~'}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local x, y, longitude, latitude, outside, wikidata, statements outside = args['ግዳም'] or args.outside longitude = decdeg(args.lon_deg or args.lon_gra, args.lon_min, args.lon_sec or args.lon_seg, args.lon_dir, args.long, 'longitude') latitude = decdeg(args.lat_deg or args.lat_gra, args.lat_min, args.lat_sec or args.lat_seg, args.lat_dir, args.lat, 'latitude') wikidata = args['ዊኪዳታ_ተጠቀም'] or args.useWikidata if not longitude and not latitude and wikidata then -- If no coordinates are provided, try to get them from Wikidata. statements = require('ሞድዩል:Wikidata').getStatements(args['entity']) if statements and statements.P625 and statements.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local value = statements.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value longitude, latitude = value.longitude, value.latitude end end if not longitude then error('No value was provided for longitude') end if not latitude then error('No value was provided for latitude') end local builder = mw.html.create() if args.skew or args.lon_shift or args.markhigh then mw.log('Removed parameter used in invocation.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') builder:wikitext('[[Category:Wikipedia:Location maps with removed parameters|]]') end --if map('skew') ~= '' or map('lat_skew') ~= '' or map('crosses180') ~= '' then --or map('type') ~= '' then -- mw.log('Removed parameter used in map definition ' .. map()) -- builder:wikitext('[[Category:Wikipedia:Location maps with removed parameters|]]') --end if map('x') and map('x') ~= '' and tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('x', { latitude, longitude }))) then mw.log('Exists x -' .. map('x')) x = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('x', { latitude, longitude }))) else mw.log('There is no x') x = tonumber(getX(longitude, map('left'), map('right'))) end if map('y') and map('y') ~= '' and tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('y', { latitude, longitude }))) then mw.log('Exists y -' .. map('y')) y = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('y', { latitude, longitude }))) else mw.log('There is no y') y = tonumber(getY(latitude, map('top'), map('bottom'))) end if (x < 0 or x > 100 or y < 0 or y > 100) and not outside then mw.log('Mark placed outside map boundaries without outside flag set. x = ' .. x .. ', y = ' .. y) local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') builder:wikitext('[[Category:Wikipedia:Location maps with marks outside map and outside parameter not set|]]') end local mark = args['ምልክት'] or args.mark or map('ምልክት') or map('mark') if mark == '' then mark = 'Red pog.svg' end local label = args['ገላጺ'] or args.label local position = args['ኣቀማምጣ'] or args.position local marksize = tonumber(args.marksize) or tonumber(args['መጠን_ምልክት']) or tonumber(map('marksize')) or tonumber(map('መጠን_ምልክት')) or 8 local imageDiv = markImageDiv(mark, marksize, label or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, args.link or '', args.alt, args[2]) local labelDiv if args.label and args.position ~= 'none' then labelDiv = markLabelDiv(label, args['መጠን_ገላጺ'] or args.label_size or 90, args['ስፍሓት_ገላጺ'] or args.label_width or 6, args['ኣቀማምጣ'] or args.position, args['ሕብሪ_ገላጺ'] or args.background, x, marksize) end return builder:node(markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv)) end function p.main(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ', valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) mw.log('Not detected args') if args[1] then mw.log('ሽም ' .. args[1]) end end if not args[1] then args[1] = 'መሬት' end if args.useWikidata == nil and args['ዊኪዳታ_ተጠቀም'] == nil then args.useWikidata = true end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(tostring(args[1]), frame) end return p.top(frame, args, map) .. tostring( p.mark(frame, args, map) ) .. p.bottom(frame, args, map) end return p qdco26gqn90c1t5d1zpm04tj2y4m16w 10 5410 21919 2021-01-16T16:15:29Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:ካርታ ቦታ|main}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:ካርታ ቦታ|main}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> l7ehfnsh8r9q7at8mxbqv37ustbtvc8 10 5411 21920 2021-01-16T16:30:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|y}}| {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|y|{{ካርታ ቦታ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|y}}| {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|y|{{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{lat|}}} |deg = {{{lat_deg|}}} |min = {{{lat_min|}}} |sec = {{{lat_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{long|}}} |deg = {{{lon_deg|}}} |min = {{{lon_min|}}} |sec = {{{lon_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}}}}|100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{lat|}}} |deg = {{{lat_deg|}}} |min = {{{lat_min|}}} |sec = {{{lat_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}}) round 1 }}}}%; left: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|x}}| {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|x|{{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{lat|}}} |deg = {{{lat_deg|}}} |min = {{{lat_min|}}} |sec = {{{lat_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{long|}}} |deg = {{{lon_deg|}}} |min = {{{lon_min|}}} |sec = {{{lon_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}}}}|{{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}}|{{#ifeq: {{{lon_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}}}} + 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{long|}}} |deg = {{{lon_deg|}}} |min = {{{lon_min|}}} |sec = {{{lon_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}}}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{marksize|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{marksize}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{marksize}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{marksize}}}px; font-size: {{{marksize}}}px; line-height:0; | left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}}px; line-height: 0; }}">[[File:{{#if: {{{mark|}}} | {{{mark}}} | {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark}}|Red pog.svg}} }}|{{#if: {{{marksize|}}} | {{{marksize}}}x{{{marksize}}} | {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}}x{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}} }}px|{{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} | {{PAGENAME}} }}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]]</div>{{#ifeq: {{{position|}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position}}} |left = left: -6.5em; text-align: right; |right = left: 0.5em; text-align: left; |top = top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top:-0.15em; left: -3em; text-align: center; |#default={{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|x}}| {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|x|{{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{lat|}}} |deg = {{{lat_deg|}}} |min = {{{lat_min|}}} |sec = {{{lat_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{long|}}} |deg = {{{lon_deg|}}} |min = {{{lon_min|}}} |sec = {{{lon_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}}}}|{{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}}|{{#ifeq: {{{lon_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}}}} + 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg |dec = {{{long|}}} |deg = {{{lon_deg|}}} |min = {{{lon_min|}}} |sec = {{{lon_sec|}}} |hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }} > 70|left: -6.5em; text-align: right;|left: 0.5em; text-align: left;}} }}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background|}}} | background-color: {{{background}}}; }}">{{{label|}}}</span></div> }}</div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2kuc5qw2zj4o0kacwcs71sakj768e6t 10 5412 21922 2021-01-16T20:51:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|center|<div class="center"> }}<div {{#if:{{{ገላጺ|}}}|class="thumb {{#switch:{{{float|}}} | "left" | left = tl...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|center|<div class="center"> }}<div {{#if:{{{ገላጺ|}}}|class="thumb {{#switch:{{{float|}}} | "left" | left = tleft | "right" | right = tright | "center" | center = tnone | "none" | none = tnone | #default = tright }}" | style="width:{{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|240}}}}}}px; {{#switch:{{{float|}}} | "left" | left = float: left; clear: left | "right" | right = float: right; clear: right | "center" | center = float: none; clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto | "none" | none = float: none; clear: none | #default = float: right; clear: right}}" }}> <div {{#if:{{{caption|}}}{{{ገላጺ|}}} | class="thumbinner" style="width:{{#expr: {{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|240}}}}}} + 2 }}px; {{#if:{{{border|}}}{{{ወሰን|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{border|}}}{{{ወሰን|}}}|none|border: none|border-color:{{{border|{{{ወሰን}}}}}}}};}}" | style="width:{{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|240}}}}}}px; padding:0" }}> <div style="position: relative; {{#if:{{{caption|}}}{{{ገላጺ|}}} | {{#if:{{{border|}}}{{{ወሰን|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{border|}}}{{{ወሰን|}}}|none||border: 1px solid lightgray}} | border: 1px solid lightgray}}}}"><!-- -->[[file:{{#if:{{{AlternativeMap|}}}{{{ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ|}}}|{{{AlternativeMap|{{{ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{relief|}}}|{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|}}}|image}} }}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|}}}|image}} }} }}|{{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|240}}}}}}px|{{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{{alt}}}|{{#if:{{{label|}}}|{{{label}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} ዝርኸብ ኣብ {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|name}}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{overlay_image|}}} | <div style="position:absolute; top: 0; left: 0">[[File:{{{overlay_image}}} |{{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|240}}}}}}px|link=file:{{#if: {{{AlternativeMap|}}}{{{ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ|}}}|{{{AlternativeMap|{{{ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ}}}}}} |{{#if: {{{relief|}}}|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|}}}|image}} }}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|}}}|image}} }} }}]]</div>}}<!-- -->{{{ቦታታት|{{{places|}}}}}}<!-- --></div> <div {{#if:{{{caption|}}}{{{ገላጺ|}}}|class="thumbcaption"|style="font-size: 90%; padding-top:3px"}}>{{#if:{{{caption_undefined|}}} | <!--{{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} | {{PAGENAME}} }} ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|name}})--> | {{{ገላጺ|{{{caption|{{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} | <!--{{PAGENAME}}--> }} }}}}}} }} </div> </div> </div>{{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|center| </div>}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 381cxydcfy5llv3wz8kmekzti57owc6 10 5413 21924 21923 2021-01-16T21:16:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{gra|{{{deg|}}}}}} |{{#expr: ( {{#switch: {{{hem|{{{4|}}}}}} | W|w|S|s|O|o = -1 | E|e|N|n = 1 | #default = 1 }} * ( {{#if:{{{gra|{{{deg|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}|{{{gra|{{{deg|{{{1}}}}}}}}}|0}} + {{#if:{{{min|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{{min|{{{2}}}}}}/60|0}} + {{#if:{{{seg|{{{sec|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}|{{{seg|{{{sec|{{{3}}}}}}}}}/3600|0}} ) ) round {{#if: {{{rnd|{{{5|}}}}}} | {{{rnd|{{{5|}}}}}} | 7 }} }}|{{{dec|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> mifgsyvx38h1jblt31a0kbjccgcr96l 10 5414 21925 2021-01-16T21:20:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ]] 2dn1ad1agr8hk8lr8axf1wbq09u7zls 10 5415 21926 2021-01-16T21:23:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === <nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec= |deg= |min= |sec= |hem= }}</nowiki> === ኣብነታት === *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === <nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec= |deg= |min= |sec= |hem= }}</nowiki> === ኣብነታት === *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=N}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=N}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=S}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=S}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=E}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=E}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=W}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=W}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=56.050|deg=|min=|sec=|hem=}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=56.050|deg=|min=|sec=|hem=}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=-56.050|deg=|min=|sec=|hem=}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=-56.050|deg=|min=|sec=|hem=}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=N}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=N}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=-56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=S}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=-56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=S}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=E}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=E}} *<nowiki>{{Location map/decdeg|dec=-56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=W}}</nowiki> → {{ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg|dec=-56.050|deg=56|min=03|sec=00|hem=W}} myqzh19nxxm6gc03aduoq2pkouwp4a2 10 5416 22179 21949 2021-01-30T14:26:43Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><{{#if:{{{width|x}}} | div | table }} class="positionskarte {{#if:{{{caption|x}}} | thumb {{#if:{{{width|x}}} | {{#switch: {{{float|}}} |left = tleft" style=" |right = tright" style=" |center= tnone center" style="<!-- unfortunately, it is not centered. Correct behavior would be purge div.mapa.center> div.thumb.tnone --> |inline= tnone" style="margin:0 1em; display:inline-block; |#default= tnone" style="margin:0 1em; }} | {{#switch: {{{float|}}} |left = tleft float-left" style="margin:0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0;<!-- div.tleft-Emulation. evtl mit .floatleft? --> |right = tright float-right" style="margin:0.5em 0 1.3em 1.4em;<!-- div.tright-Emulation. evtl mit .floatright? --> |center= tnone centered" style=" |inline= tnone" style="margin:0 1em; display:inline-table; <!-- in line with the subtitle? --> |#default= tnone" style="margin:0 1em; }} }}{{#if:{{{width|x}}} | "><div class="thumbinner" style="width:{{#ifeq: {{{border|}}} | none | {{{width|240}}}px; border:none; | {{#iferror: {{#expr:{{{width|240}}}+2}}px | {{{width}}} }}; {{#if: {{{border|}}} | border:1px solid {{{border}}}; }} }} {{#if: {{{background|}}} | background-color:{{{background}}}; }}"><div | font-size:94%; overflow:hidden; padding:3px; text-align:center; border-spacing:0; border:{{#switch:{{{ወሰን|{{{border|}}}}}} |none=none |=1px solid #CCC |#default=1px solid {{{border}}} }}; background-color:{{#if: {{{background|}}} | {{{background}}} | #f9f9f9 }};<!--thumbinner emulation -> width: 1px; <- *** IMPORTANT it centers with table parameters in all browsers except Firefox*** -->"><tr><td style="border:0; padding:0"><div }} class="thumbimage" style="{{#switch: {{{border|}}} |none=border:none; |={{#if:{{{width|x}}} | |border:1px solid #CCC; }} |#default=border:1px solid {{{border}}}; }} | {{#switch: {{{float|}}} |left = float-left<!-- align left ? -->" style="margin-right:1em; |right = float-right<!-- align right ?-->" style="margin-left:1em; |center= centered" style=" |inline= <!-- do not align -->" style="margin:0 1em; display:inline-{{#if:{{{width|x}}} | block | table }}; |#default= <!-- not aligned -->" style="margin: 0 1em; }} background-color:{{#if:{{{background|}}} | {{{background}}} | #f9f9f9 }}; border:{{#switch: {{{border|}}} |none=none |=1px solid #CCC |#default=1px solid {{{border}}} }}; {{#if:{{{width|x}}} | width:{{{width|240}}}px; | border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0; width:1px;<!--*** IMPORTANT it centers with table parameters in all browsers except Firefox***-->"><tr><td style="border:0; padding:0"><div style=" }} }} position:relative; z-index:0; padding:0; overflow:hidden;"><!-- ትሕዝቶ -->[[ፋይል:{{#if: {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | {{{AlternativeMap}}} | {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|መሬት}}}|image|{{{maptype|}}} }} }}|{{#if: {{{size|{{{width|x}}}}}} | {{{size|{{{width|240}}}}}}px | frameless{{!}}upright=1 }}|{{#if: {{{caption|x}}} | link={{!}}{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|መሬት}}}|name}} | {{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} | {{PAGENAME}} }} ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|መሬት}}}|name}}) }}|alt={{#switch:{{{maptype}}} |relief = relief map |satellite = satellite image |#default = ካርታ }}: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|መሬት}}}|name}}]]{{#if:{{{layer|}}} | {{#if: {{Position map layers {{{1|መሬት}}} | }} | <!--Error does not exist--> | {{Position map layers {{{1|መሬት}}} |{{#titleparts:{{{layer}}}|1|1}} |w={{{width|240}}} }}{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{{ቀጸላ|{{{layer}}}}}}|1|2}} | {{ካርታ ቦታlayer {{{1|መሬት}}} |{{#titleparts:{{{ቀጸላ|{{{layer}}}}}}|1|2}} |w={{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|240}}}}}} }}{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{{ቀጸላ|{{{layer}}}}}}|1|3}} | {{ካርታ ቦታlayer {{{1|መሬት}}} |{{#titleparts:{{{ቀጸላ|{{{layer}}}}}}|1|3}} |w={{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|240}}}}}} }} }} }} }} }}{{{places|{{{ቦታታት}}}}}}<!-- /ትሕዝቶ --></div>{{#if:{{{caption|x}}} | {{#if:{{{width|x}}} | <div | </td></tr><tr><td }} class="thumbcaption"><!--CAPTION--> <div class="magnify">[[ፋይል:Magnify-clip.png|link=ፋይል:{{#if: {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | {{{AlternativeMap}}} | {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|መሬት}}}|image|{{{maptype|}}} }} }}]]{{#if:{{{layer|}}} | {{#if: {{Position map layers {{{1|መሬት}}} | }} |<!--Error, does not exist--> |{{Position map layers {{{1|መሬት}}} |magnify |{{{layer}}} |w={{{width|240}}} }} }} }}</div>{{{caption|{{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} | {{PAGENAME}} }} ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1|መሬት}}}|name}}) }}} <!--/CAPTION--> {{#if:{{{width|x}}} | </div></div></div> }} }}{{#if:{{{width|x}}} | | </td></tr></table> }}{{#if: {{{width|x}}} | {{#iferror: {{#expr:{{{width|240}}}+2}}px | <span style="display:none;">[[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ/ምዕቃብ/ስፍሓት|w]]</span> | }} }}</includeonly> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> icmtwzjev9caz152ozt64mtyf6id9o8 10 5417 22963 22180 2021-07-30T18:22:20Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="contentSub" style="font-size:smaller; display:block;margin-left:1.5em">← [[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ]]</div><includeonly> {{documentation/start box|ትሕዝቶ=[{{ኣመዓራርይ}}]}} <div style="padding-bottom:3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom:1ex"> This template only defines the maps to be used and the coordinates of their geographical limits when <code>{{ተክእ|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ካርታ ቦታ }}</code> is placed in the first parameter without a name of the template {{tl|ካርታ ቦታ}} (<code><nowiki>{{ካርታ ቦታ|</nowiki>{{ተክእ|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ካርታ ቦታ }}<nowiki>|<other parameters>}}</nowiki></code>). It can also be used in conjunction with other similar templates such as {{tl|G}}.</div> {|{{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|top|}}|width="100%"}} | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ ካርታ ቦታ {{{{PAGENAME}}|name}} |- |colspan="4"|[[ፋይል:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|400x400px|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]] |- ! ስም |colspan="3"| [[{{{{PAGENAME}}|name}}]] {{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|top|}}| {{!}}- !rowspan="3"{{!}}መስተማእዛኒታት ወሰን {{!}} colspan="3" {{!}} {{{{PAGENAME}}|top}} {{!}}- {{!}} {{{{PAGENAME}}|left}} {{!}} ←↕→ {{!}} {{{{PAGENAME}}|right}} {{!}}- {{!}}colspan="3"{{!}} {{{{PAGENAME}}|bottom}} | {{!}}- !ምውጣን {{!}}colspan="3"{{!}} {{#if:{{{{PAGENAME}}|ምውጣን}}|[[ምውጣን {{{{PAGENAME}}|ምውጣን}}|{{{{PAGENAME}}|ምውጣን}}]]|ምንም ምውጣን ኣይተውሃበን}} {{!}}- ! ምስሊ {{!}}colspan="3"{{!}} <code>[[:ፋይል:{{{{PAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{PAGENAME}}|image}}]]</code> {{!}}} == Determining values == {{{!}}class="wikitable" !X {{!}}align=left style=" font-size:80% width="95%" {{!}} <code>{{{{PAGENAME}}|x}}</code> {{!}}- !Y {{!}}align=left style=" font-size: 80% width="95%"{{!}}<code>{{{{PAGENAME}}|y}}</code> }} {{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|top|}}| {{!}}- ! ምስሊ {{!}}colspan="3"{{!}} <code>[[:ፋይል:{{{{PAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{PAGENAME}}|image}}]]</code> {{!}}- ! ማእከል ካርታ {{!}}colspan="3"{{!}} {{coord|format=dms|{{#expr:({{{{PAGENAME}}|top}}+{{{{PAGENAME}}|bottom}})/2}}|{{#expr:({{{{PAGENAME}}|left}}+{{{{PAGENAME}}|right}})/2}}|type:{{{type|country}}}}} }} |} | |valign=top align=left| {{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|top|}}| {{ካርታ ቦታ/መቓን | {{#if:{{{ካርታ_loc|}}}|{{{ካርታ_loc}}}|መሬት}} |caption = ኣቀማምጣ ካርታ ኣብ {{#if:{{{ካርታ_loc|}}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{ካርታ_loc}}}|name}}|መሬት}}። |float = right |width = 350 |maptype = |layer = |places = <div style="border:1px solid #F00; position:absolute; top: {{#expr:({{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|top}})/-1.8+50}}%; bottom: {{#expr:({{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|bottom}})/1.8+50}}%; left: {{#expr:({{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|left}})/3.6+50}}%; {{#ifexpr:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|left}} > {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|right}} | right: -1px;"></div><div style="border:1px solid #F00; position:absolute; top: {{#expr:({{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|top}})/-1.8+50}}%; bottom: {{#expr:({{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|bottom}})/1.8+50}}%; left: -1px; }}right: {{#expr:({{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|right}})/-3.6+50}}%;"></div> }} }} |} {{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ1}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ2}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ3}}| == ኣማራጽያዊ ካርታታት == The following maps are compatible with this template. To change the map that appears by default to one of this list, use the <code>ዓይነት</code> parameter adding the corresponding type. To put any other compatible map that does not appear in this list, use the <code>ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ</code> parameter adding the name of the file. {{{!}} class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" cellspacing="0" celpadding="0" margin="0" padding="0"· {{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}}|!መግለጺ!}}!ስም ፋይል!!ዓይነት!!ካርታ {{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}} | {{!}}- ! ኣካላዊ ካርታ {{!}}valign="top" align="left"{{!}} <code>{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}}</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}} <code>ቅርጻ_መሬት</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}}[[ፋይል:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት}}|center|200x200px]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ1|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ2|}}{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ3|}}| <tr> {{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ቅርጻ_መሬት|}} | ! rowspan="3"{{!}} ካልኦት ካርታታት}} {{!}}valign="top" align="left"{{!}} <code>{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ1}}</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}} <code>ካርታ1</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}} [[ፋይል:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ1}}|center|200x200px]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ2}} | <tr> {{!}}valign="top" align="left"{{!}} <code>{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ2}}</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}}<code>ካርታ2</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}} [[ፋይል:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ2}}|center|200x200px]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ3}} | <tr> {{!}}valign="top" align="left"{{!}} <code>{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ3}}</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}}<code>ካርታ3</code> {{!}}valign="top"{{!}} [[ፋይል:{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ካርታ3}}|center|200x200px]]}} {{!}}} }} <div style="padding-bottom:3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom:1ex"></div> <div style="clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px dotted #8BCBFF; background-color: #EEF9FA; color:#000; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; font-style: italic"> This content has been generated automatically from the template data.</div></includeonly><noinclude> </noinclude> 72lv5shhi5kehiec2zuh91dgoc4gldl 828 5418 21935 21931 2021-01-17T01:27:08Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞድዩል:Math]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module provides a number of basic mathematical operations. ]] local z = {} -- Generate a random number function z.random(frame) local first = tonumber(frame.args[1]) local second = tonumber(frame.args[2]) local seed = tonumber(frame.args.seed) if seed then math.randomseed(seed * os.time()) -- pseudorandom initialization end if first and second then if first < second then return math.random(first,second) -- integer between [first,second] else return math.random(second,first) end elseif first then if first > 0 then return math.random(first) -- integer between [1,first] else return math.random(first,-1) end else return math.random() -- real number between [0,1) end end --[[ order Determine order of magnitude of a number Usage: {{#invoke: Math | order | <value> }} ]] function z.order(frame) local input_string = (frame.args[1] or frame.args.x or '0'); local input_number; input_number = z._cleanNumber( frame, input_string ); if input_number == nil then return '<strong class="error"><small>Format error: Order of magnitude input appears non-numeric</small></strong>' else return z._order( input_number ) end end function z._order(x) if x == 0 then return 0 end return math.floor(math.log10(math.abs(x))) end --[[ precision Detemines the precision of a number using the string representation Usage: {{ #invoke: Math | precision | <value> }} ]] function z.precision( frame ) local input_string = (frame.args[1] or frame.args.x or '0'); local trap_fraction = frame.args.check_fraction or false; local input_number; if type( trap_fraction ) == 'string' then trap_fraction = trap_fraction:lower(); if trap_fraction == 'false' or trap_fraction == '0' or trap_fraction == 'no' or trap_fraction == '' then trap_fraction = false; else trap_fraction = true; end end if trap_fraction then local pos = string.find( input_string, '/', 1, true ); if pos ~= nil then if string.find( input_string, '/', pos + 1, true ) == nil then local denominator = string.sub( input_string, pos+1, -1 ); local denom_value = tonumber( denominator ); if denom_value ~= nil then return math.log10(denom_value); end end end end input_number, input_string = z._cleanNumber( frame, input_string ); if input_string == nil then return '<strong class="error"><small>Format error: Precision input appears non-numeric</small></strong>' else return z._precision( input_string ) end end function z._precision( x ) x = string.upper( x ) local decimal = string.find( x, '.', 1, true ) local exponent_pos = string.find( x, 'E', 1, true ) local result = 0; if exponent_pos ~= nil then local exponent = string.sub( x, exponent_pos + 1 ) x = string.sub( x, 1, exponent_pos - 1 ) result = result - tonumber( exponent ) end if decimal ~= nil then result = result + string.len( x ) - decimal return result end local pos = string.len( x ); while x:byte(pos) == string.byte('0') do pos = pos - 1 result = result - 1 if pos <= 0 then return 0 end end return result end --[[ max Finds the maximum argument Usage: {{#invoke:Math| max | <value1> | <value2> | ... }} or {{#invoke:Math| max }} Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function z.max( frame ) local args = frame.args; if args[1] == nil then local parent = frame:getParent(); args = parent.args; end local max_value = nil; local i = 1; while args[i] ~= nil do local val = z._cleanNumber( frame, args[i] ); if val ~= nil then if max_value == nil or val > max_value then max_value = val; end end i = i + 1; end return max_value end --[[ min Finds the minimum argument Usage: {{#invoke:Math| min | <value1> | <value2> | ... }} or {{#invoke:Math| min }} When used with no arguments, it takes its input from the parent frame. Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function z.min( frame ) local args = frame.args; if args[1] == nil then local parent = frame:getParent(); args = parent.args; end local min_value = nil; local i = 1; while args[i] ~= nil do local val = z._cleanNumber( frame, args[i] ); if val ~= nil then if min_value == nil or val < min_value then min_value = val; end end i = i + 1; end return min_value end -- Function that counts the number of reported parameters function z.counts( frame ) local result = 0; local Arguments = frame.args; if Arguments[1] == nil then local parent = frame:getParent(); Arguments = parent.args; end local i = 1; while Arguments[i] ~= nil do if Arguments[i] ~= '' then result = result + 1 end i = i + 1; end return result end -- Finds the sum function z.sum( frame ) local result = 0; local Arguments = frame.args; if Arguments[1] == nil then local parent = frame:getParent(); Arguments = parent.args; end local i = 1; while Arguments[i] ~= nil do if Arguments[i] ~= '' then result = result + Arguments[i] end i = i + 1; end return result end --[[ round Rounds a number to specified precision Usage: {{#invoke:Math | round | <value> | <precision> }} --]] function z.round(frame) local value, precision; value = z._cleanNumber( frame, frame.args[1] or frame.args.value or 0 ); precision = z._cleanNumber( frame, frame.args[2] or frame.args.precision or 0 ); if value == nil or precision == nil then return '<strong class="error"><small>Format error: Round input appears non-numeric</small></strong>' else return z._round( value, precision ); end end function z._round( value, precision ) local rescale = math.pow( 10, precision ); return math.floor( value * rescale + 0.5 ) / rescale; end --[[ precision_format Rounds a number to the specified precision and formats it according to the rules originally used for {{Template: Rnd}}. The output is a string. Usage: {{#invoke: Math | precision_format | <number> | <precision> }} ]] function z.precision_format( frame ) -- To access Mediawiki incorporating formatter. local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local value_string, value, precision; value, value_string = z._cleanNumber( frame, frame.args[1] or 0 ); precision = z._cleanNumber( frame, frame.args[2] or 0 ); -- Checks for a non-numeric input if value == nil or precision == nil then return '<strong class="error"><small>Format error: Invalid data to round</small></strong>' end local current_precision = z._precision( value ); local order = z._order( value ); -- Due to rounding effects, it is necessary to limit the returned precision under -- some circumstances, because the terminal digits were reported incorrectly. if order + precision >= 14 then orig_precision = z._precision( value_string ); if order + orig_precision >= 14 then precision = 13 - order; end end -- If rounding, truncate additional digits if precision < current_precision then value = z._round( value, precision ); current_precision = z._precision( value ); end local formatted_num = lang:formatNum( math.abs(value) ); local sign; -- Uses the appropriate unary minus sign before the default ASCII if value < 0 then sign = '−'; else sign = ''; end -- Handle cases that require scientific notation if string.find( formatted_num, 'E', 1, true ) ~= nil or math.abs(order) >= 9 then value = value * math.pow( 10, -order ); current_precision = current_precision + order; precision = precision + order; formatted_num = lang:formatNum( math.abs(value) ); else order = 0; end formatted_num = sign .. formatted_num; -- Pad with zeros if necessary if current_precision < precision then local padding; if current_precision <= 0 then if precision > 0 then local zero_sep = lang:formatNum( 1.1 ); formatted_num = formatted_num .. zero_sep:sub(2,2); padding = precision; if padding > 20 then padding = 20; end formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep( '0', padding ); end else padding = precision - current_precision if padding > 20 then padding = 20; end formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep( '0', padding ); end end -- Add exponential notation, if necessary if order ~= 0 then -- Uses the appropriate unary minus sign before the default ASCII if order < 0 then order = '−' .. lang:formatNum( math.abs(order) ); else order = lang:formatNum( order ); end formatted_num = formatted_num .. '<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10^{' .. order .. '}' end return formatted_num; end --[[ Helper function that interprets numeric input. If the input is not a number, it tries to evaluate it as a "parser function" (parser). ]] function z._cleanNumber( frame, number_string ) if number_string == nil or number_string:len() == 0 then return nil, nil; end -- Try the basic conversion local number = tonumber( number_string ) -- If it fails, it tries to evaluate the input as an expression if number == nil then local attempt = frame:preprocess( '{{#expr: ' .. number_string .. '}}' ); attempt = tonumber( attempt ); if attempt ~= nil then number = attempt; number_string = tostring( number ); else number = nil; number_string = nil; end else -- String is valid but may contain padding, clean it. number_string = number_string:match( "^%s*(.-)%s*$" ); end return number, number_string; end return z j81rocs9ro4sblhbp3xy05zn5t50ph4 828 5419 23194 22210 2021-10-16T22:57:01Z Joanmp14 5782 compatibility with the new Vector Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module is intended to replace the functionality of {{Coord}} and related templates. It provides several methods, including {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord }} : General function formatting and displaying coordinate values. {{#invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms }} : Simple function for converting decimal degree values to DMS format. {{#invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec }} : Simple function for converting DMS format to decimal degree format. ]] math_mod = require( "Module:Math" ); globalFrame = nil coordinates = {}; --[[ Helper function, replacement for {{coord/display/title}} ]] function displaytitle (s, notes) local htmlTitle = mw.html.create('span') :attr{ id = 'coordinates' } :css( 'font-size', 'small' ) :node( "[[ጂኦግራፍያዊ መስተማእዛኒታት|መስተማእዛኒታት]]፦ " .. s .. notes ) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() frame:extensionTag( 'indicator', tostring(htmlTitle), { name = 'coordinates' } ) return '' end --[[ Helper function, replacement for {{coord/display/inline}} ]] function displayinline (s, notes) return s .. notes end --[[ Helper function, used in detecting DMS formatting]] local dmsTest = function(first, second) local concatenated = first:upper() .. second:upper(); if concatenated == "NE" or concatenated == "NW" or concatenated == "SE" or concatenated == "SW" or concatenated == "EN" or concatenated == "WN" or concatenated == "ES" or concatenated == "WS" or concatenated == "NO" or concatenated == "SO" or concatenated == "ON" or concatenated == "OS" then return true; end return false; end --[[ parseDec Transform latitude and longitude into decimal format in the structure used by the coordinate viewer ]] function parseDec( lat, long, format ) local coordinateSpec = {} local errors = {} if long == "" or long == nil then return nil, {{"parseDec", "ዝጠፍአ ዝንግሪር"}} end errors = validate( lat, nil, nil, long, nil, nil, 'parseDec', false ); coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] = lat; coordinateSpec["dec-long"] = long; local mode = coordinates.determineMode( lat, long ); coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] = convert_dec2dms( lat, "ሰ", "ደ", mode) -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{1}}}|N|S|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}} coordinateSpec["dms-long"] = convert_dec2dms( long, "ምብ", "ምዕ", mode) -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{2}}}|E|W|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}} if format ~= "" then coordinateSpec.default = format else coordinateSpec.default = "dec" -- by default the given format end return coordinateSpec, errors end --[[ Helper function, handle optional args. ]] function optionalArg(arg, suplement) if arg ~= nil and arg ~= "" then return arg .. suplement end return "" end --[[ parseDMS Transform the degrees, minutes and seconds format of latitude and longitude in the structure to be used in coordinate display ]] function parseDMS( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, lat_f, long_d, long_m, long_s, long_f, format ) local coordinateSpec = {} local errors = {} lat_f = lat_f:upper(); long_f = long_f:upper(); -- Check if E, O position is specified backward if lat_f == 'E' or lat_f == 'W' or lat_f == "O" then local t_d, t_m, t_s, t_f; t_d = lat_d; t_m = lat_m; t_s = lat_s; t_f = lat_f; lat_d = long_d; lat_m = long_m; lat_s = long_s; lat_f = long_f; long_d = t_d; long_m = t_m; long_s = t_s; long_f = t_f; end errors = validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, 'parseDMS', true ); if long_d == nil or long_d == "" then table.insert(errors, {"parseDMS", "ዝጠፍአ ዝንግሪር" }) end if lat_m == nil and lat_s == nil and long_m == nil and long_s == nil and #errors == 0 then if math_mod._precision( lat_d ) > 0 or math_mod._precision( long_d ) > 0 then if lat_f:upper() == 'S' then lat_d = '-' .. lat_d; end if long_f:upper() == 'W' or long_f:upper() == 'O' then long_d = '-' .. long_d; end return parseDec( lat_d, long_d, format ); end end if long_f == "W" then long_f = "O" -- address to display, except with coordinateSpec["param"] end coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] = lat_d.."°"..optionalArg(lat_m,"′") .. optionalArg(lat_s,"″") .. lat_f coordinateSpec["dms-long"] = long_d.."°"..optionalArg(long_m,"′") .. optionalArg(long_s,"″") .. long_f coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] = convert_dms2dec(lat_f, lat_d, lat_m, lat_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{4}}}|{{{1}}}|0{{{2}}}|0{{{3}}}}} coordinateSpec["dec-long"] = convert_dms2dec(long_f, long_d, long_m, long_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{8}}}|{{{5}}}|0{{{6}}}|0{{{7}}}}} if format ~= "" then coordinateSpec.default = format else coordinateSpec.default = "dms" end return coordinateSpec, errors end --[[ specPrinter Output formatter. Takes the structure generated by either parseDec or parseDMS and formats it for inclusion on Wikipedia. ]] function specPrinter(args, coordinateSpec) local uriComponents = coordinateSpec["param"] if uriComponents == "" then -- RETURN error, should never be empty or nil return "ERROR: param was empty" end if coordinateSpec["name"] ~= "" and coordinateSpec["name"] ~= nil then uriComponents = uriComponents .. "&title=" .. mw.uri.encode(coordinateSpec["name"]) end local geodmshtml = '<span class="geo-dms" title="ካርታታት፣ ስእልታትን ካልኦት ሓበሬታታትን ካብ ' .. coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] .. ' ' .. coordinateSpec["dms-long"] .. '">' .. '<span class="latitude">'.. coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] .. ' </span>' .. '<span class="longitude">'..coordinateSpec["dms-long"] .. '</span>' .. '</span>' local geodechtml = '<span class="geo-dec" title="ካርታታት፣ ስእልታትን ካልኦት ሓበሬታታትን ካብ ' .. coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] .. ' ' .. coordinateSpec["dec-long"] .. '">' .. '<span class="geo">' .. '<span class="latitude">' .. coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] .. ', </span>' .. '<span class="longitude">' .. coordinateSpec["dec-long"] .. '</span>' .. '</span></span>' local inner; inner = '<span class="' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec["default"], "dms" ) .. '">' .. geodmshtml .. '</span>' .. '<span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span>' .. '<span class="' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec["default"], "dec" ) .. '">'; if coordinateSpec["name"] == "" or coordinateSpec["name"] == nil then inner = inner .. geodechtml .. '</span>' else inner = inner .. '<span class="vcard">' .. geodechtml .. '<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; (<span class="fn org">' .. coordinateSpec["name"] .. '</span>)</span></span></span>' end --return '<span class="plainlinksneverexpand">' return '<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">'.. globalFrame:preprocess( '[http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=ti&pagename={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}&params=' .. uriComponents .. ' ' .. inner .. ']') .. '</span>' end --http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=fr&pagename=Communaut%C3%A9_forale_de_Navarre&params=42.816666666667_N_1.65_W_type:city_globe:earth&title= --[[ Formats any error messages generated for display ]] function errorPrinter(errors) local result = "" for i,v in ipairs(errors) do local errorHTML = '<small><strong class="error">መስተማእዛኒታት፦ ' .. v[2] .. '</strong></small>' result = result .. errorHTML .. "<br />" end return result end --[[ Determine the required CSS class to display coordinates Usually geo-nondefault is hidden by CSS, unless a user has overridden this for himself default is the mode as specificied by the user when calling the {{coord}} template mode is the display mode (dec or dms) that we will need to determine the css class for ]] function displayDefault(default, mode) if default == "" then default = "dec" end if default == mode then return "geo-default" else return "geo-nondefault" end end --[[ Check the input arguments for coord to determine the kind of data being provided and then make the necessary processing. ]] function formatTest(args) local result, errors; local primary = false; if args[1] == "" then -- no lat logic return errorPrinter( {{"formatTest", "ዝጠፍአ ማእገር"}} ) elseif args[4] == "" and args[5] == "" and args[6] == "" then -- dec logic result, errors = parseDec( formatPunt(args[1]), formatPunt(args[2]), args['format'] ) if result == nil then return errorPrinter( errors ); end result.param = table.concat( {formatPunt(args[1]), "_N_", formatPunt(args[2]), "_E_", args[3] } ); elseif dmsTest(args[4], args[8]) then -- dms logic result, errors = parseDMS( args[1], args[2], formatPunt(args[3]), args[4], args[5], args[6], formatPunt(args[7]), args[8], args['format'] ) result.param = table.concat( { args[1], args[2], formatPunt(args[3]), args[4], args[5], args[6], formatPunt(args[7]), formatLongW(args[8]), args[9] } , '_' ); if args[10] ~= '' then table.insert( errors, { 'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters' } ); end elseif dmsTest(args[3], args[6]) then -- dm logic result, errors = parseDMS( args[1], formatPunt(args[2]), nil, args[3], args[4], formatPunt(args[5]), nil, args[6], args['format'] ) result.param = table.concat( { args[1], formatPunt(args[2]), args[3], args[4], formatPunt(args[5]), formatLongW(args[6]), args[7] } , '_' ); if args[8] ~= '' then table.insert( errors, { 'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters' } ); end elseif dmsTest(args[2], args[4]) then -- d logic result, errors = parseDMS( formatPunt(args[1]), nil, nil, args[2], formatPunt(args[3]), nil, nil, args[4], args['format'] ) result.param = table.concat( { formatPunt(args[1]), args[2], formatPunt(args[3]), formatLongW(args[4]), args[5] } , '_' ); if args[6] ~= '' then table.insert( errors, { 'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters' } ); end else -- Error return errorPrinter( {{"formatTest", "Unknown argument format"}} ) end result.name = args["name"] or args["nom"] local extra_param = {'dim', 'globe', 'scale', 'region', 'source', 'type'} for _, v in ipairs( extra_param ) do if (args[v] or '') ~= '' then table.insert( errors, {'formatTest', 'Parameter: "' .. v .. '=" should be "' .. v .. ':"' } ); end end if #errors == 0 then return specPrinter( args, result ) else return specPrinter( args, result ) .. " " .. errorPrinter(errors) .. '[[Category:Pages with malformed coordinate tags]]'; end end --[[ Helper function to convert decimal point to decimal point ]] function formatPunt(num) return mw.ustring.gsub(num, ",", ".") end --[[ Helper function to convert length O to W ]] function formatLongW(dir) if dir:upper() == "O" then return "W" end return dir end --[[ Helper function, convert latitude or longitude to decimal format degrees, minutes, and seconds in a format based on the specified precision. ]] function convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision) local coord = tonumber(coordinate) or 0 local postfix if coord >= 0 then postfix = firstPostfix else postfix = secondPostfix end precision = precision:lower(); if precision == "dms" then return convert_dec2dms_dms( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; elseif precision == "dm" then return convert_dec2dms_dm( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; elseif precision == "d" then return convert_dec2dms_d( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; end end --[[ Helper function, convert decimals to degrees ]] function convert_dec2dms_d(coordinate) local d = math_mod._round( coordinate, 0 ) .. "°" return d .. "" end --[[ Helper function, convert decimals to degrees and minutes ]] function convert_dec2dms_dm(coordinate) coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60, 0 ); local m = coordinate % 60; coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 ); local d = coordinate % 360 .."°" return d .. string.format( "%02d′", m ) end --[[ Helper function, convert decimals to degrees, minutes and seconds ]] function convert_dec2dms_dms(coordinate) coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60 * 60, 0 ); local s = coordinate % 60 coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - s) / 60 ); local m = coordinate % 60 coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 ); local d = coordinate % 360 .."°" return d .. string.format( "%02d′", m ) .. string.format( "%02d″", s ) end --[[ Converts the DMS format with a N or E to decimal coordinates ]] function convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees_str, minutes_str, seconds_str) local degrees = tonumber(degrees_str) or 0 local minutes = tonumber(minutes_str) or 0 local seconds = tonumber(seconds_str) or 0 local factor direction = mw.ustring.gsub(direction, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); if direction == "N" or direction == "E" then factor = 1 else factor = -1 end local precision = 0 if seconds_str ~= nil and seconds_str ~= '' then precision = 5 + math.max( math_mod._precision(seconds_str), 0 ); elseif minutes_str ~= nil and minutes_str ~= '' then precision = 3 + math.max( math_mod._precision(minutes_str), 0 ); else precision = math.max( math_mod._precision(degrees_str), 0 ); end local decimal = factor * (degrees+(minutes+seconds/60)/60) return string.format( "%." .. precision .. "f", decimal ) -- not on the number where the string is based. end --[[ Checks for input values and out of range errors. ]] function validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, source, strong ) local errors = {}; lat_d = tonumber( lat_d ) or 0; lat_m = tonumber( lat_m ) or 0; lat_s = tonumber( lat_s ) or 0; long_d = tonumber( long_d ) or 0; long_m = tonumber( long_m ) or 0; long_s = tonumber( long_s ) or 0; if strong then if lat_d < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "Negative latitude and N direction"}) end if long_d < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "Negative latitude and E direction"}) end --[[ #coordinates is conflicting as to whether this is a bug. If "globe" is          specified, it will not be an error in this condition, but otherwise it will be. just for not disabling this check. if long_d > 180 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees > 180 with hemisphere flag"}) end ]] end if lat_d > 90 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees > 90"}) end if lat_d < -90 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees < -90"}) end if lat_m >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude minutes >= 60"}) end if lat_m < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude minutes < 0"}) end if lat_s >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude seconds >= 60"}) end if lat_s < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude seconds < 0"}) end if long_d >= 360 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees >= 360"}) end if long_d <= -360 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees <= -360"}) end if long_m >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude minutes >= 60"}) end if long_m < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude minutes < 0"}) end if long_s >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude seconds >= 60"}) end if long_s < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude seconds < 0"}) end return errors; end --[[ dec2dms Wrapper to allow templates to call dec2dms directly. Usage: {{ #Invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms | <decimal_coordinates> | <positive_suffix> | <negative_suffix> | <precision> }} <decimal_coordinate> is converted to DMS format. If positive, the positive_suffix is appended (typical N or E), if negative, the negative suffix is appended. The specified precision is one of 'D', 'DM', or 'DMS' to specify the level of detail to use. ]] function coordinates.dec2dms(frame) globalFrame = frame local coordinate = frame.args[1] local firstPostfix = frame.args[2] local secondPostfix = frame.args[3] local precision = frame.args[4] return convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision) end --[[ Helper function to determine whether to use D, DM, or DMS format in the "precision" function of the decimal input . ]] function coordinates.determineMode( value1, value2 ) local precision = math.max( math_mod._precision( value1 ), math_mod._precision( value2 ) ); if precision <= 0 then return 'd' elseif precision <= 2 then return 'dm'; else return 'dms'; end end --[[ dms2dec Wrapper to allow templates to call dms2dec directly. Usage: {{ #Invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec | <direction indicator> | degress | minutes | seconds }} Converts DMS values specified as degrees, minutes, seconds too decimal format. direction_flag is one of N, S, E, W, and determines whether the output is positive (i.e. N and E) or negative (i.e. S and W). ]] function coordinates.dms2dec(frame) globalFrame = frame local direction = frame.args[1] local degrees = frame.args[2] local minutes = frame.args[3] local seconds = frame.args[4] return convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees, minutes, seconds) end --[[ coord Main entry point for Lua function to replace {{coord}} Usage: {{ #Invoke:Coordinates | coord }} {{ #Invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | long }} {{ #Invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | <lat_direction> | <long> | <long_direction> }} ... Refer to {{coord}} documentation page for many additional parameters and     configuration options. Note: This function provides the visual display elements of {{coord}}. In order to load coordinates into the database, the {{#coordinates:}} parser function must also be called, this is done automatically in the Lua version of {{coord}}. ]] function coordinates.coord(frame) globalFrame = frame local args = frame.args if args[1] == nil then local pFrame = frame:getParent(); args = pFrame.args; for k,v in pairs( frame.args ) do args[k] = v; end end for i=1,10 do if args[i] == nil then args[i] = "" else args[i] = args[i]:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ); --remove blank spaces end end args['format'] = args['ቅርጺ'] or args['format'] or ''; local contents = formatTest(args) local Notes = args.notes or "" local Display = string.lower(args.display or "inline") if Display == '' then Display = 'inline'; end local text = '' if string.find( Display, 'inline' ) ~= nil or Display == 'i' or Display == 'it' or Display == 'ti' then text = displayinline(contents, Notes) end if string.find( Display, 'title' ) ~= nil or Display == 't' or Display == 'it' or Display == 'ti' then text = text .. displaytitle(contents, Notes) end return text end function coordinates.coord2(frame) globalFrame = frame.args.gf local origArgs = {} if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then origArgs = frame:getParent().args else origArgs = frame.args end args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do args[k] = v end for i=1,10 do if args[i] == nil then args[i] = "" else args[i] = args[i]:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ); --remove blank spaces end end args['format'] = args['format'] or ''; local contents = formatTest(args) local Notes = args.notes or "" local Display = string.lower(args.display or "inline") if Display == '' then Display = 'inline'; end local text = '' if string.find( Display, 'inline' ) ~= nil or Display == 'i' or Display == 'it' or Display == 'ti' then text = displayinline(contents, Notes) end if string.find( Display, 'title' ) ~= nil or Display == 't' or Display == 'it' or Display == 'ti' then text = text .. displaytitle(contents, Notes) end return text end --[[ coord2text Extracts a single value from a transclusion of {{Coord}}. IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord2text | {{Coord}} | parameter }} Valid values for the second parameter are: lat (signed integer), long (signed integer), type, scale, dim, region, globe, source ]] function coordinates.coord2text(frame) if frame.args[1] == '' or frame.args[2] == '' or not frame.args[2] then return nil end frame.args[2] = mw.text.trim(frame.args[2]) if frame.args[2] == 'lat' or frame.args[2] == 'long' then local result, negative = mw.text.split((mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1],'[%.%d]+°[NS] [%.%d]+°[EW]') or ''), ' ') if frame.args[2] == 'lat' then result, negative = result[1], 'S' else result, negative = result[2], 'W' end result = mw.text.split(result, '°') if result[2] == negative then result[1] = '-'..result[1] end return result[1] else return mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1], 'params=.-_'..frame.args[2]..':(.-)[ _]') end end --[[ coordinsert Injects some text into the Geohack link of a transclusion of {{Coord}} (if that text isn't already in the transclusion). Outputs the modified transclusion of {{Coord}}. IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coordinsert | {{Coord}} | parameter:value | parameter:value | … }} Do not make Geohack unhappy by inserting something which isn't mentioned in the {{Coord}} documentation. ]] function coordinates.coordinsert(frame) for i, v in ipairs(frame.args) do if i ~= 1 then if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], (mw.ustring.match(frame.args[i], '^(.-:)') or '')) then frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(params=.-)_? ', '%1_'..frame.args[i]..' ') end end end if frame.args.name then if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], '<span class="vcard">') then local namestr = frame.args.name frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(<span class="geo%-default">)(<span[^<>]*>[^<>]*</span><span[^<>]*>[^<>]*<span[^<>]*>[^<>]*</span></span>)(</span>)', '%1<span class="vcard">%2<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; (<span class="fn org">' .. namestr .. '</span>)</span></span>%3') frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(&params=[^&"<>%[%] ]*) ', '%1&title=' .. mw.uri.encode(namestr) .. ' ') end end return frame.args[1] end return coordinates mll3ypw0yjcrhogfz6hwj49udxcwvan 10 5420 21947 21934 2021-01-17T02:45:36Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|count={{{count|}}}|plain={{{plain|true}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> padhwit79l5pifx6gbsz0ovrumh52bp 10 5421 21937 21936 2021-01-17T01:40:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Namespace detect]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc: <!--lowercase result--> <!--If there is no "demo" parameter or it is empty, then it detects the namespace--> {{#if:{{{demo|}}} | {{{demo}}} | {{#if:{{{ገጽ|}}} | <!--Detects the namespace of the "ገጽ" parameter--> {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE:{{{ገጽ}}} }}|{{TALKSPACE:{{{ገጽ}}} }} | ምይይጥ | {{SUBJECTSPACE:{{{ገጽ}}} }} }} | <!--No "demo" or "ገጽ" parameters, detect real number space--> {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}} | ምይይጥ | {{SUBJECTSPACE}} }} }} }} }} <!-- Returns the evaluation of a single parameter --> | ጽሑፍ <!-- "demo=ጽሑፍ" or {{SUBJECTSPACE}}={{ns:0}}=""--> | = {{{ጽሑፍ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ምይይጥ = {{{ምይይጥ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ተጠቃሚ | ተጠቃሚት = {{{ተጠቃሚ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ዊኪፔዲያ= {{{ዊኪፔዲያ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ፋይል = {{{ፋይል| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ሜዲያዊኪ = {{{ሜዲያዊኪ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ሞደል = {{{ሞደል| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ሓገዝ = {{{ሓገዝ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | መደብ = {{{መደብ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ማዕጾ = {{{ማዕጾ| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | module | ሞድዩል = {{{ሞድዩል| {{{ካልእ|}}} }}} | ካልእ | #default = {{{ካልእ|}}} <!--"demo = other "or a new namespace--> }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2tvjttli0pdeo8fbf4kabzamoltbahv 10 5422 22148 22103 2021-01-24T22:01:19Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Coordinates|coord}}<!-- -->{{#coordinates:{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}} |{{#switch:{{{display|}}} |inline,title |it |ti |t |title={{Namespace detect |ምይይጥ |ሞደል |ሞድዩል= |ካልእ=primary }} |#default= }} |name={{{name|}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3vpbe0naaioa8saab1o6a8kmsv1lct5 10 5423 21939 2021-01-17T01:49:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name=መሬት | top = 90 | bottom = -90 | left = -180 | right = 180 | image = World location map (equirectangular 180).svg }}<no...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} |name=መሬት | top = 90 | bottom = -90 | left = -180 | right = 180 | image = World location map (equirectangular 180).svg }}<noinclude>{{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ]] </noinclude> pcqc8vwzxr66qmn044jo5ya6bvau70c 10 5424 21946 21945 2021-01-17T02:36:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Para]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <code><nowiki>|</nowiki>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}<nowiki>=</nowiki>}}{{{2|}}}</code><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 5h23o7tw9ny1fxhg2otub1ghsq13o6w 10 5425 21948 2021-01-17T02:47:02Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ኣውስትራልያ |top = -9 |bottom = -44.5 |left = 111.5 |right = 155 |image = Australia location map.svg |...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ኣውስትራልያ |top = -9 |bottom = -44.5 |left = 111.5 |right = 155 |image = Australia location map.svg |ቅርጻ_መሬት = Australia relief map.jpg }}<noinclude> {{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ኣውስትራልያ| ኣውስትራልያ]] </noinclude> caxq4c60z1hdrzo697fduccou4x0g0t 10 5428 21952 2021-01-17T04:24:09Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch: {{#ifexpr:{{{1|0}}} < 0 | S | N}}{{#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} < 0 | W | E}} | NE = {{coord|{{{1|0}}}|N|{{{2|0}}}|E|{{{3|}}}}} | NW = {{coord|{{{1|0}}}|...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{#ifexpr:{{{1|0}}} < 0 | S | N}}{{#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} < 0 | W | E}} | NE = {{coord|{{{1|0}}}|N|{{{2|0}}}|E|{{{3|}}}}} | NW = {{coord|{{{1|0}}}|N|{{#expr:abs{{{2|0}}}}}|W|{{{3|}}}}} | SE = {{coord|{{#expr:abs{{{1|0}}}}}|S|{{{2|0}}}|E|{{{3|}}}}} | SW = {{coord|{{#expr:abs{{{1|0}}}}}|S|{{#expr:abs{{{2|0}}}}}|W|{{{3|}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> jlqjflyzmp31dxskhouifu2adreb2bu 8 5429 21955 2021-01-17T10:39:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «span#coordinates { display: none !important } /* hide the coordinates at the top of the article */» css text/css span#coordinates { display: none !important } /* hide the coordinates at the top of the article */ s5qdx1lqfikqdsw8g7c4ivyxxp65qaa 8 5430 21957 2021-01-17T10:52:49Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «ምድህሳስ» wikitext text/x-wiki ምድህሳስ lncrmdgkgzrz10fi4ithtqghx5y4to1 8 5431 21958 2021-01-17T10:53:05Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «ምምዕርራይ» wikitext text/x-wiki ምምዕርራይ fqnby5ff8etk5nrpfx9v3nnvtvkcsp0 8 5432 21959 2021-01-17T10:53:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «መልክዕ» wikitext text/x-wiki መልክዕ 88t37a8pxjnmytd4carsxiffysmzace 10 5433 21961 21960 2021-01-17T11:16:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:!-]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki |-<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2zsavivng30v2w46mrxq9i40e1wnnr8 828 5434 21963 2021-01-17T11:31:24Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «-- Credits: -- Original from Wikivoyage -- Developed for Kartographer version on Wikipedia by Vriullop @cawiki -- Formulae: -- CSGNetwork at http://www....» Scribunto text/plain -- Credits: -- Original from Wikivoyage -- Developed for Kartographer version on Wikipedia by Vriullop @cawiki -- Formulae: -- CSGNetwork at http://www.csgnetwork.com/degreelenllavcalc.html via @enwiki -- OpenStreetMap -- Version: 20182705 local p = {} -- Localization on [[Module:Map/i18n]] local i18n = { ["coordinate-invalid"] = "Parameter $1 is an invalid value of \"latitude,longitude\".", ["type-invalid"] = "Type $1 is invalid. Use mapframe or maplink.", ["geotype-invalid"] = "Geotype $1 is an invalid value.", ["ids-invalid"] = "Parameter ids $1 is invalid.", ["polygon-required-points"] = "A polygon requires a minimum of 4 coordinate points.", ["polygon-not-closed"] = "A closed polygon requires last point equal to first one.", ['ids-not-found'] = "Ids not found for external data.", ['not-from-content-page'] = "Do not invoke from content page. Use a template or use a module subpage like /sandbox for testing .", -- local categories ['cat-several-features'] = "", ['cat-linestring-drawn'] = "", ['cat-polygon-drawn'] = "", } local cat = {['cat-several-features'] = false, ['cat-linestring-drawn'] = false, ['cat-polygon-drawn'] = false} -- Credit to http://stackoverflow.com/a/1283608/2644759, cc-by-sa 3.0 local function tableMerge(t1, t2) for k, v in pairs(t2) do if type(v) == "table" then if type(t1[k] or false) == "table" then tableMerge(t1[k] or {}, t2[k] or {}) else t1[k] = v end else t1[k] = v end end return t1 end local function loadI18n() local exist, res = pcall(require, "Module:Map/i18n") if exist and next(res) ~= nil then tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n) end end loadI18n() local errormessage local function printError(key, par) -- just print first error errormessage = errormessage or ('<span class="error">' .. (par and mw.ustring.gsub(i18n[key], "$1", par) or i18n[key]) .. '</span>') end -- Convert coordinates input format to geojson table local function parseGeoSequence(data, geotype) local coordsGeo = {} for line_coord in mw.text.gsplit(data, ':', true) do -- Polygon - linearRing:linearRing... local coordsLine = {} for point_coord in mw.text.gsplit(line_coord, ';', true) do -- LineString or MultiPoint - point;point... local valid = false local val = mw.text.split(point_coord, ',', true) -- Point - lat,lon -- allow for elevation if #val >= 2 and #val <= 3 then local lat = tonumber(val[1]) local lon = tonumber(val[2]) if lat ~= nil and lon ~= nil then table.insert(coordsLine, {lon, lat}) valid = true end end if not valid and point_coord ~= '' then printError('coordinate-invalid', point_coord) end end if geotype == 'Polygon' then if #coordsLine < 4 then printError('polygon-required-points') elseif table.concat(coordsLine[1]) ~= table.concat(coordsLine[#coordsLine]) then printError('polygon-not-closed') end end table.insert(coordsGeo, coordsLine) end if geotype == 'Point' then coordsGeo = coordsGeo[1][1] elseif geotype == "LineString" or geotype == "MultiPoint" then coordsGeo = coordsGeo[1] elseif geotype ~= 'Polygon' then printError('geotype-invalid', geotype) end return coordsGeo end -- data Point - {lon,lat} -- data LineString - { {lon,lat}, {lon,lat}, ... } -- data Polygon - { { {lon,lat}, {lon,lat} }, { {lon,lat}, {lon,lat} }, ... } -- output as LineString format local function mergePoints(stack, merger) if merger == nil then return stack end for _, val in ipairs(merger) do if type(val) == "number" then -- Point format stack[#stack + 1] = merger break elseif type(val[1]) == "table" then -- Polygon format for _, val2 in ipairs(val) do stack[#stack + 1] = val2 end else -- LineString format stack[#stack + 1] = val end end return stack end local function getCoordBounds(data) local latN, latS = -90, 90 local lonE, lonW = -180, 180 for i, val in ipairs(data) do latN = math.max(val[2], latN) latS = math.min(val[2], latS) lonE = math.max(val[1], lonE) lonW = math.min(val[1], lonW) end return latN, latS, lonE, lonW end local function getCoordCenter(data) local latN, latS, lonE, lonW = getCoordBounds(data) local latCenter = latS + (latN - latS) / 2 local lonCenter = lonW + (lonE - lonW) / 2 return lonCenter, latCenter end -- meters per degree by latitude local function mxdByLat(lat) local latRad = math.rad(lat) -- see [[Geographic coordinate system#Expressing latitude and longitude as linear units]], by CSGNetwork local mxdLat = 111132.92 - 559.82 * math.cos(2 * latRad) + 1.175 * math.cos(4 * latRad) - 0.023 * math.cos(6 * latRad) local mxdLon = 111412.84 * math.cos(latRad) - 93.5 * math.cos(3 * latRad) + 0.118 * math.cos(5 * latRad) return mxdLat, mxdLon end -- Calculate zoom to fit coordinate bounds into height and width of frame local function getZoom(data, height, width) local lat1, lat2, lon1, lon2 = getCoordBounds(data) local latMid = (lat1 + lat2) / 2 -- mid latitude local mxdLat, mxdLon = mxdByLat(latMid) -- distances in meters local distLat = math.abs((lat1 - lat2) * mxdLat) local distLon = math.abs((lon1 - lon2) * mxdLon) -- margin 100px in height and width, right upper icon is about 50x50px local validHeight = math.max(height - 100, 100) local validWidth = math.max(width - 100, 100) -- maximum zoom fitting all points local latRad = math.rad(latMid) for zoom = 19, 0, -1 do -- see https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Zoom_levels#Metres_per_pixel_math -- equatorial circumference 40 075 036 m: [[Equator#Exact length]] local distLatFrame = 40075036 * validHeight * math.cos(latRad) / (2 ^ (zoom + 8)) local distLonFrame = 40075036 * validWidth * math.cos(latRad) / (2 ^ (zoom + 8)) if distLatFrame > distLat and distLonFrame > distLon then return zoom end end return 0 end -- Geotype based on coordinates format pattern local function findGeotype(coord) local _, semicolons = string.gsub(coord, ';', '') local firstcoord = string.match(coord, "[0-9%.%-]+%s*,%s*[0-9%.%-]+") local lastcoord = string.match(string.reverse(coord), "[0-9%.%-]+%s*,%s*[0-9%.%-]+") if firstcoord == nil or lastcoord == nil then printError('coordinate-invalid', coord) else lastcoord = string.reverse(lastcoord) end if string.find(coord, ':') or (semicolons > 2 and firstcoord == lastcoord) then return 'Polygon' elseif semicolons > 0 then return 'LineString' -- or MultiPoint else return 'Point' end end local function fetchWikidata(id, snak) -- snak is a table like {'claims', 'P625', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value'} -- see function ViewSomething on Module:Wikidata local value id = mw.text.trim(id) if not string.find(id, "^Q%d+$") then printError('ids-invalid', id) else value = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(id) for i in ipairs(snak) do if value == nil then break end value = value[snak[i]] end end return value end -- Fetch coordinates from Wikidata for a list of comma separated ids local function getCoordinatesById(ids) if ids == nil then return end local coord = {} local snak = {'claims', 'P625', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value'} for idx in mw.text.gsplit(ids, '%s*,%s*') do local value = fetchWikidata(idx, snak) if value then coord[#coord+1] = value.latitude .. ',' .. value.longitude end end return #coord > 0 and table.concat(coord, ';') or nil end local function getBoundsById(ids, coordInput) if ids == nil then return {} end local coord = mw.text.split(coordInput, '%s*;%s*') local id = mw.text.split(ids, '%s*,%s*') if #coord ~= #id then return {} end local bounds = {} -- try to fetch Wikidata in this order: area, watershed area, population local snak_area = {'claims', 'P2046', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value'} -- area and unit local snak_warea = {'claims', 'P2053', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value'} -- area and unit local snak_pop = {'claims', 'P1082', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value'} -- population local convert_area = {['Q712226'] = 1000000, ['Q35852'] = 10000, ['Q232291'] = 2589988.110336, ['Q81292'] = 4046.8564224, ['Q935614'] = 1600, ['Q857027'] = 0.09290304, ['Q21074767'] = 1138100, ['Q25343'] = 1} -- to square metres -- query Wikidata: http://tinyurl.com/j8aez2g for i = 1, #id do local amount, unit, area local value = fetchWikidata(id[i], snak_area) or fetchWikidata(id[i], snak_warea) if value then amount = tonumber(value.amount) unit = string.match(value.unit, "(Q%d+)") if convert_area[unit] then area = amount * convert_area[unit] end end if area == nil then value = fetchWikidata(id[i], snak_pop) if value then amount = tonumber(value.amount) -- average density estimated for populated areas: 100; see [[Population density]] area = amount / 100 * 1000000 end end if area then local radius = math.sqrt(area / math.pi) -- approximation with a circle local latlon = mw.text.split(coord[i], '%s*,%s*') local mxdLat, mxdLon = mxdByLat(latlon[1]) bounds[#bounds+1] = {latlon[2] + (radius / mxdLon), latlon[1] + (radius / mxdLat)} -- NE bound, geoJSON format bounds[#bounds+1] = {latlon[2] - (radius / mxdLon), latlon[1] - (radius / mxdLat)} -- SW bound end end return bounds end local function addCategories(geotype, i) if not mw.title.getCurrentTitle().isContentPage then return end if i > 2 and i18n["cat-several-features"] ~= '' then cat["cat-several-features"] = true end if geotype == "LineString" and i18n["cat-linestring-drawn"] ~= '' then cat["cat-linestring-drawn"] = true elseif geotype == "Polygon" and i18n["cat-polygon-drawn"] ~= '' then cat["cat-polygon-drawn"] = true end return end -- Main function function p._tag(args) local tagname = args.type or 'mapframe' if tagname ~= 'maplink' and tagname ~= 'mapframe' then printError('type-invalid', tagname) end local geojson local tagArgs = { text = args.text, zoom = tonumber(args.zoom), latitude = tonumber(args.latitude), longitude = tonumber(args.longitude) } local defaultzoom = tonumber(args.default_zoom) if tagname == 'mapframe' then tagArgs.width = args.width or 300 tagArgs.height = args.height or 300 tagArgs.align = args.align or 'right' if args.frameless ~= nil and tagArgs.text == nil then tagArgs.frameless = true end else tagArgs.class = args.class end if args['coordinates1'] == nil and args['geotype1'] == nil then -- single feature args['coordinates1'] = args['coordinates'] or args[1] if args['coordinates1'] == nil and args['latitude'] and args['longitude'] then args['coordinates1'] = args['latitude'] .. ',' .. args['longitude'] elseif args['coordinates1'] == nil and not args.commons then args['coordinates1'] = getCoordinatesById(mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()) end args['title1'] = args['title1'] or args['title'] args['image1'] = args['image1'] or args['image'] args['description1'] = args['description1'] or args['description'] args['geotype1'] = args['geotype1'] or args['geotype'] end local externalData = {['geoshape'] = true, ['geomask'] = true, ['geoline'] = true} local featureCollection = {['Point'] = true, ['MultiPoint'] = true, ['LineString'] = true, ['Polygon'] = true} local myfeatures, myexternal, allpoints = {}, {}, {} local i, j = 1, 1 while args['coordinates'..i] or externalData[args['geotype'..i]] do local geotypex = args['geotype'..i] or args['geotype'] if geotypex ~= nil and not (featureCollection[geotypex] or externalData[geotypex]) then printError('geotype-invalid', geotypex) break end local mystack if externalData[geotypex or ''] then mystack = myexternal j = #mystack + 1 mystack[j] = {} mystack[j]['type'] = "ExternalData" mystack[j]['service'] = geotypex mystack[j]['ids'] = args['ids'..i] or args['ids'] or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if mystack[j]['ids'] == nil then printError('ids-not-found'); break end local mycoordinates = args['coordinates'..i] if mycoordinates == nil and (tagArgs.latitude == nil or tagArgs.longitude == nil or tagArgs.zoom == nil) then mycoordinates = getCoordinatesById(mystack[j]['ids']) end if mycoordinates ~= nil then local mypoints = getBoundsById(mystack[j]['ids'], mycoordinates) if #mypoints == 0 then mypoints = parseGeoSequence(mycoordinates, mycoordinates:find(';') and 'MultiPoint' or 'Point') end allpoints = mergePoints(allpoints, mypoints) end else mystack = myfeatures j = #mystack + 1 mystack[j] = {} mystack[j]['type'] = "Feature" mystack[j]['geometry'] = {} mystack[j]['geometry']['type'] = geotypex or findGeotype(args['coordinates'..i]) mystack[j]['geometry']['coordinates'] = parseGeoSequence(args['coordinates'..i], mystack[j]['geometry']['type']) allpoints = mergePoints(allpoints, mystack[j]['geometry']['coordinates']) addCategories(mystack[j]['geometry']['type'], i) end mystack[j]['properties'] = {} mystack[j]['properties']['title'] = args['title'..i] or (geotypex and geotypex .. i) or mystack[j]['geometry']['type'] .. i if args['image'..i] then args['description'..i] = (args['description'..i] or '') .. '[[File:' .. args['image'..i] .. '|300px]]' end mystack[j]['properties']['description'] = args['description'..i] mystack[j]['properties']['marker-size'] = args['marker-size'..i] or args['marker-size'] mystack[j]['properties']['marker-symbol'] = args['marker-symbol'..i] or args['marker-symbol'] mystack[j]['properties']['marker-color'] = args['marker-color'..i] or args['marker-color'] mystack[j]['properties']['stroke'] = args['stroke'..i] or args['stroke'] mystack[j]['properties']['stroke-opacity'] = tonumber(args['stroke-opacity'..i] or args['stroke-opacity']) mystack[j]['properties']['stroke-width'] = tonumber(args['stroke-width'..i] or args['stroke-width']) mystack[j]['properties']['fill'] = args['fill'..i] or args['fill'] mystack[j]['properties']['fill-opacity'] = tonumber(args['fill-opacity'..i] or args['fill-opacity']) i = i + 1 end -- calculate defaults for static mapframe; maplink is dynamic if (tagArgs.latitude == nil or tagArgs.longitude == nil) and #allpoints > 0 then if tagname == "mapframe" or tagArgs.text == nil then -- coordinates needed for text in maplink tagArgs.longitude, tagArgs.latitude = getCoordCenter(allpoints) end end if tagArgs.zoom == nil then if tagname == "mapframe" then if #allpoints == 1 then local currentId = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() local coordInput = allpoints[1][2] .. ',' .. allpoints[1][1] local mybounds = getBoundsById(currentId, coordInput) -- try to fetch by area allpoints = mergePoints(allpoints, mybounds) end if #allpoints <= 1 then tagArgs.zoom = defaultzoom or 9 else tagArgs.zoom = getZoom(allpoints, tagArgs.height, tagArgs.width) end else tagArgs.zoom = defaultzoom end end local geojson = myexternal if args.commons ~= nil then geojson[#geojson+1] = { type = "ExternalData", service = "page", title = args.commons, } end if #myfeatures > 0 then geojson[#geojson + 1] = {type = "FeatureCollection", features = myfeatures} end if args.debug ~= nil then local html = mw.text.tag{name = tagname, attrs = tagArgs, content = mw.text.jsonEncode(geojson, mw.text.JSON_PRETTY)} return 'syntaxhighlight', tostring(html) .. ' Arguments:' .. mw.text.jsonEncode(args, mw.text.JSON_PRETTY), {lang = 'json'} end return tagname, geojson and mw.text.jsonEncode(geojson) or '', tagArgs end function p.tag(frame) if mw.title.new(frame:getParent():getTitle()).isContentPage and not mw.title.new(frame:getTitle()).isSubpage then -- invoked from a content page and not invoking a module subpage printError('not-from-content-page') end local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) local tag, geojson, tagArgs = p._tag(args) local categories = '' if errormessage then categories = mw.message.new('Kartographer-broken-category'):inLanguage(mw.language.getContentLanguage().code):plain() return errormessage .. '[[Category:' .. categories .. ']]' end for k, v in pairs(cat) do if v then categories = categories .. '[[Category:' .. i18n[k] .. ']]' end end return frame:extensionTag(tag, geojson, tagArgs) .. categories end return p mgjyoufj31qmj62mw3sifnf0rxz8ohd 10 5435 21964 2021-01-17T13:35:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ/decdeg]] 7u10il6kktulqjec5kw21l9pi5kq00o 10 5436 21967 2021-01-17T16:18:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<noinclude> This map definition, '''ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ፈረንሳ''', has the following options: <code> </noinclude><includeonly>{{#switch:{{{1}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> This map definition, '''ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ፈረንሳ''', has the following options: <code> </noinclude><includeonly>{{#switch:{{{1}}} |y={{#expr: ({{{2}}} -51.50)*-9.52380952381}} |x={{#expr: ({{{3}}} + 5.80)* 6.32911392405}}</includeonly> |name=ፈረንሳ | top = 51.65 | bottom = 41.0 | left = -5.8 | right = 10.2 |image = France location map-Regions and departements-2016.svg |ቅርጻ_መሬት = France relief location map.jpg |ካርታ1 = France location map-Regions-2015.svg |ካርታ2 = France location map-Departements-2015.svg }}<noinclude> {{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ፈረንሳ| ፈረንሳ]] </noinclude> b0121gy53ua9jabk6t7xitlpki9qwr9 10 5437 21968 2021-01-17T16:41:17Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly><!-- -- Template for image with markers/labels (see bottom "NOTES") -- -- This template overlays 24 specified markers/labels on a given --...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -- Template for image with markers/labels (see bottom "NOTES") -- -- This template overlays 24 specified markers/labels on a given -- map (in the manner of "Template:Location_map") but also -- checks each latitude/longitude against border limits. -- -- Warning: Code multi-nested 18 levels across 1080+ lines. -- Warning: {{Might}}{{{appear|become}}}{{unreadable}}? -- Warning: This template might exceed wiki-template resources. -- Warning: Adding spaces can kill results. ----------------------------------------------- Begin box division --><div style="width: {{#expr: {{{width|240}}} + 2 }}px; {{#if: {{{caption|}}} | padding: 3px; border: 1px solid {{#if: {{{border|}}} | {{{border|none}}} | #CCCCCC }}; margin: 3px; }} float:{{#switch:{{{float|}}} | "center"=none | center=none | "left"=left | left=left | "right"=right | right=right | "none"=none | none=none |right}}; clear:{{#switch:{{{float|}}} | "center"=both | center=both | "left"=left | left=left | "right"=right | right=right | "none"=none | none=none |right}}; {{#if: {{{caption|}}} | ;background:#F9F9F9"|" }}><!-- ---------------------------------------------- Begin Map division --><div style="position: relative;{{#ifeq: {{{border|}}} | none | |border: 1px solid {{#if: {{{border|}}} | {{{border}}} | {{#if:{{{caption|}}}|#CCCCCC|none}} }}; }} padding: 0px; width: {{{width|240}}}px">[[image:{{#if: {{{AlternativeMap|}}} | {{{AlternativeMap}}} | {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|image}} }}|{{{width|240}}}px|{{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} | {{PAGENAME}} }}<!-- endif label--> ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|name}})]]<br /><!-- ================================================= Marker/Label #1 -->{{#if: {{{lat|{{{lat_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-1 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat|{{{lat_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#1 ({{{lat|{{{lat_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat|{{{lat_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#1 ({{{lat|{{{lat_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long|{{{lon_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#1({{{long|{{{lon_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long|{{{lon_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#1({{{long|{{{lon_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #1 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ({{{lat_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lat_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | {{{lat|0}}} }}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}}) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}}|{{#ifeq: {{{lon_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}}}} + 100 * ({{#if: {{{lon_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ({{{lon_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | {{{long|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#1 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{ #if: {{{marksize|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{marksize}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; <!-- --> top: -{{#expr:{{{markhigh|{{{marksize}}}}}}/2 round 0}}px;<!-- --> width: {{{marksize}}}px; font-size: {{{marksize}}}px; | left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |<!--else-->8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|markhigh}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|markhigh}} |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |<!--else-->8}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{ #if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{ #if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#1 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{marksize|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark|}}} | {{{mark}}} | {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark}}|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark}}|Red pog.svg}} }}|{{#if: {{{marksize|}}} | {{{marksize}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|marksize}}|<!--else-->8}} }}<!--endif-->px|{{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} |<!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif marksize=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker1 ---------------------------------------------- Label #1 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position|{{{pos|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position|{{{pos|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{markhigh|{{{marksize|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{marksize|8}}}/21 + {{{label_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{markhigh|{{{marksize|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{marksize|8}}}/165 + {{{label_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{markhigh|{{{marksize|8}}}}}}*1.78 + {{{label_size|90}}}*.15 + 1.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: {{#expr: -{{{markhigh|{{{marksize|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--out-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background|{{{bg|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background|{{{bg}}}}}}; }}">{{{label|}}}</span></div><!-- end-div label1 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#1--> |<!--else, no latitude1 -->}}<!--endif lat* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #2 -->{{#if: {{{lat2|{{{lat2_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-2 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat2|{{{lat2_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#2 ({{{lat2|{{{lat2_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat2|{{{lat2_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#2 ({{{lat2|{{{lat2_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long2|{{{lon2_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#2({{{long2|{{{lon2_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long2|{{{lon2_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#2({{{long2|{{{lon2_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #2 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat2_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat2_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat2_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat2_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat2_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat2|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon2_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon2_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon2_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon2_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon2_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon2_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long2|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#2 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark2size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark2size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark2high|{{{mark2size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark2size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark2size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark2size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark2size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}}| 8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}}| 8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#2 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark2size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark2|}}} |{{{mark2}}} |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!-- ----- set image size as 'mark2size'x'mark2high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark2size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark2size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark2high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark2high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark2size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark2high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark2high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark2high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark2high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2high}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark2size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark2high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark2high-B-->px<!-- --> }}<!--endif mark2size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label2|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label2}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label2-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark2size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker2 ---------------------------------------------- Label #2 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position2|{{{pos2|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label2_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position2|{{{pos2|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark2high|{{{mark2size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label2_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark2size|8}}}/21 + {{{label2_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark2high|{{{mark2size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label2_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark2size|8}}}/165 + {{{label2_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark2high|{{{mark2size|8}}}}}}*1.78 + {{{label2_size|90}}}*.16 + 1.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: {{#expr: -{{{mark2high|{{{mark2size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label2_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background2|{{{bg2|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background2|{{{bg2}}}}}}; }}">{{{label2|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label2 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#2--> |<!--else, no latitude2 -->}}<!--endif lat2* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #3 -->{{#if: {{{lat3|{{{lat3_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-3 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat3|{{{lat3_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#3 ({{{lat3|{{{lat3_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat3|{{{lat3_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#3 ({{{lat3|{{{lat3_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long3|{{{lon3_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#3({{{long3|{{{lon3_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long3|{{{lon3_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#3({{{long3|{{{lon3_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #3 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat3_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat3_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat3_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat3_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat3_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat3|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon3_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon3_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon3_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon3_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon3_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon3_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long3|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#3 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark3size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark3size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark3high|{{{mark3size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark3size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark3size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark3size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark3size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#3 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark3size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark3|}}} | {{{mark3}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!-- ----- set image size as 'mark3size'x'mark3high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark3size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark3size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark3high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark3high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark3size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark3high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark3high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark3high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark3high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark3size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark3high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark3high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark3size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label3|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label3}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label3-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark3size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker3 ---------------------------------------------- Label #3 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position3|{{{pos3|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label3_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position3|{{{pos3|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark3high|{{{mark3size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label3_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark3size|8}}}/21 + {{{label3_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark3high|{{{mark3size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label3_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark3size|8}}}/165 + {{{label3_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark3high|{{{mark3size|8}}}}}}*1.78 + {{{label3_size|90}}}*.14 + 1.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: {{#expr: -{{{mark3high|{{{mark3size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label3_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background3|{{{bg3|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background3|{{{bg3}}}}}}; }}">{{{label3|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label3 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#3--> |<!--else, no latitude3 -->}}<!--endif lat3* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #4 -->{{#if: {{{lat4|{{{lat4_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-4 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat4|{{{lat4_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#4 ({{{lat4|{{{lat4_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat4|{{{lat4_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#4 ({{{lat4|{{{lat4_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long4|{{{lon4_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#4({{{long4|{{{lon4_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long4|{{{lon4_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#4({{{long4|{{{lon4_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #4 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat4_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat4_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat4_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat4_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat4_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat4|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon4_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon4_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon4_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon4_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon4_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon4_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long4|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#4 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark4size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark4size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark4high|{{{mark4size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark4size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark4size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark4size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark4size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#4 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark4size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark4|}}} | {{{mark4}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!-- ----- set image size as 'mark4size'x'mark4high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark4size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark4size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark4high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark4high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark4size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark4high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark4high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark4high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark4high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark4size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark4high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark4high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark4size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label4|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label4}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label4-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark4size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker4 ---------------------------------------------- Label #4 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position4|{{{pos4|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label4_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position4|{{{pos4|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark4high|{{{mark4size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label4_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark4size|8}}}/21 + {{{label4_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark4high|{{{mark4size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label4_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark4size|8}}}/165 + {{{label4_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark4high|{{{mark4size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label4_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark4high|{{{mark4size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label4_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background4|{{{bg4|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background4|{{{bg4}}}}}}; }}">{{{label4|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label4 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#4--> |<!--else, no latitude4 -->}}<!--endif lat4* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #5 -->{{#if: {{{lat5|{{{lat5_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-5 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat5|{{{lat5_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#5 ({{{lat5|{{{lat5_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat5|{{{lat5_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#5 ({{{lat5|{{{lat5_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long5|{{{lon5_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#5({{{long5|{{{lon5_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long5|{{{lon5_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#5({{{long5|{{{lon5_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #5 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat5_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat5_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat5_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat5_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat5_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat5|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon5_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon5_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon5_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon5_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon5_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon5_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long5|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#5 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark5size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark5size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark5high|{{{mark5size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark5size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark5size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark5size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark5size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#5 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark5size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark5|}}} | {{{mark5}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!-- ----- set image size as 'mark5size'x'mark5high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark5size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark5size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark5high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark5high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark5size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark5high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark5high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark5high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark5high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark5size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark5high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark5high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark5size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label5|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label5}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label5-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark5size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker5 ---------------------------------------------- Label #5 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position5|{{{pos5|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label5_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position5|{{{pos5|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark5high|{{{mark5size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label5_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark5size|8}}}/21 + {{{label5_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark5high|{{{mark5size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label5_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark5size|8}}}/165 + {{{label5_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark5high|{{{mark5size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label5_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark5high|{{{mark5size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label5_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background5|{{{bg5|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background5|{{{bg5}}}}}}; }}">{{{label5|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label5 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#5--> |<!--else, no latitude5 -->}}<!--endif lat5* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #6 -->{{#if: {{{lat6|{{{lat6_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-6 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat6|{{{lat6_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#6 ({{{lat6|{{{lat6_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat6|{{{lat6_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#6 ({{{lat6|{{{lat6_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long6|{{{lon6_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#6({{{long6|{{{lon6_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long6|{{{lon6_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#6({{{long6|{{{lon6_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #6 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat6_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat6_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat6_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat6_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat6_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat6|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon6_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon6_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon6_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon6_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon6_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon6_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long6|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#6 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark6size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark6size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark6high|{{{mark6size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark6size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark6size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark6size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark6size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#6 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark6size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark6|}}} | {{{mark6}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!-- ----- set image size as 'mark6size'x'mark6high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark6size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark6size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark6high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark6high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark6size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark6high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark6high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark6high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark6high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark6size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark6high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark6high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark6size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label6|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label6}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label6-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark6size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker6 ---------------------------------------------- Label #6 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position6|{{{pos6|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label6_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position6|{{{pos6|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark6high|{{{mark6size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label6_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark6size|8}}}/21 + {{{label6_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark6high|{{{mark6size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label6_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark6size|8}}}/165 + {{{label6_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark6high|{{{mark6size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label6_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark6high|{{{mark6size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label6_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background6|{{{bg6|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background6|{{{bg6}}}}}}; }}">{{{label6|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label6 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#6--> |<!--else, no latitude6 -->}}<!--endif lat6* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #7 -->{{#if: {{{lat7|{{{lat7_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-7 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat7|{{{lat7_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#7 ({{{lat7|{{{lat7_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat7|{{{lat7_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#7 ({{{lat7|{{{lat7_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long7|{{{lon7_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#7({{{long7|{{{lon7_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long7|{{{lon7_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#7({{{long7|{{{lon7_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #7 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat7_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat7_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat7_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat7_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat7_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat7|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon7_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon7_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon7_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon7_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon7_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon7_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long7|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#7 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark7size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark7size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark7high|{{{mark7size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark7size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark7size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark7size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark7size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#7 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark7size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark7|}}} | {{{mark7}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!-- ----- set image size as 'mark7size'x'mark7high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark7size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark7size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark7high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark7high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark7size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark7high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark7high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark7high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark7high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark7size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark7high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark7high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark7size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label7|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label7}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label7-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark7size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker7 ---------------------------------------------- Label #7 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position7|{{{pos7|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label7_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position7|{{{pos7|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark7high|{{{mark7size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label7_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark7size|8}}}/21 + {{{label7_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark7high|{{{mark7size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label7_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark7size|8}}}/165 + {{{label7_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark7high|{{{mark7size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label7_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark7high|{{{mark7size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label7_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background7|{{{bg7|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background7|{{{bg7}}}}}}; }}">{{{label7|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label7 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#7--> |<!--else, no latitude7 -->}}<!--endif lat7* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #8 -->{{#if: {{{lat8|{{{lat8_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-8 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat8|{{{lat8_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#8 ({{{lat8|{{{lat8_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat8|{{{lat8_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#8 ({{{lat8|{{{lat8_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long8|{{{lon8_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#8({{{long8|{{{lon8_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long8|{{{lon8_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#8({{{long8|{{{lon8_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #8 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat8_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat8_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat8_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat8_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat8_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat8|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon8_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon8_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon8_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon8_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon8_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon8_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long8|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#8 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark8size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark8size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark8high|{{{mark8size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark8size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark8size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark8size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark8size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#8 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark8size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark8|}}} | {{{mark8}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark8 ----- set image size as 'mark8size'x'mark8high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark8size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark8size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark8high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark8high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark8size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark8high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark8high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark8high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark8high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark8size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark8high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark8high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark8size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label8|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label8}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label8-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark8size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker8 ---------------------------------------------- Label #8 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position8|{{{pos8|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label8_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position8|{{{pos8|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark8high|{{{mark8size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label8_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark8size|8}}}/21 + {{{label8_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark8high|{{{mark8size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label8_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark8size|8}}}/165 + {{{label8_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark8high|{{{mark8size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label8_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark8high|{{{mark8size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label8_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background8|{{{bg8|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background8|{{{bg8}}}}}}; }}">{{{label8|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label8 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#8--> |<!--else, no latitude8 -->}}<!--endif lat8* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #9 -->{{#if: {{{lat9|{{{lat9_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-9 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat9|{{{lat9_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#9 ({{{lat9|{{{lat9_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat9|{{{lat9_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#9 ({{{lat9|{{{lat9_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long9|{{{lon9_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#9({{{long9|{{{lon9_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long9|{{{lon9_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#9({{{long9|{{{lon9_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #9 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat9_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat9_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat9_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat9_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat9_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat9|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon9_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon9_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon9_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon9_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon9_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon9_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long9|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#9 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark9size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark9size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark9high|{{{mark9size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark9size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark9size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark9size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark9size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#9 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark9size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark9|}}} | {{{mark9}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark9 ----- set image size as 'mark9size'x'mark9high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark9size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark9size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark9high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark9high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark9size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark9high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark9high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark9high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark9high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark9size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark9high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark9high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark9size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label9|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label9}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label9-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark9size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker9 ---------------------------------------------- Label #9 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position9|{{{pos9|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label9_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position9|{{{pos9|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark9high|{{{mark9size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label9_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark9size|8}}}/21 + {{{label9_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark9high|{{{mark9size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label9_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark9size|8}}}/165 + {{{label9_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark9high|{{{mark9size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label9_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark9high|{{{mark9size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label9_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background9|{{{bg9|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background9|{{{bg9}}}}}}; }}">{{{label9|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label9 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#9--> |<!--else, no latitude9 -->}}<!--endif lat9* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #10 -->{{#if: {{{lat10|{{{lat10_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-10 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat10|{{{lat10_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#10 ({{{lat10|{{{lat10_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat10|{{{lat10_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#10 ({{{lat10|{{{lat10_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long10|{{{lon10_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#10({{{long10|{{{lon10_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long10|{{{lon10_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#10({{{long10|{{{lon10_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #10 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat10_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat10_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat10_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat10_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat10_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat10|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon10_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon10_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon10_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon10_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon10_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon10_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long10|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#10 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark10size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark10size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark10high|{{{mark10size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark10size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark10size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark10size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark10size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#10 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark10size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark10|}}} | {{{mark10}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark10 ----- set image size as 'mark10size'x'mark10high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark10size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark10size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark10high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark10high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark10size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark10high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark10high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark10high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark10high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark10size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark10high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark10high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark10size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label10|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label10}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label10-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark10size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker10 ---------------------------------------------- Label #10 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position10|{{{pos10|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label10_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position10|{{{pos10|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark10high|{{{mark10size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label10_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark10size|8}}}/21 + {{{label10_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark10high|{{{mark10size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label10_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark10size|8}}}/165 + {{{label10_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark10high|{{{mark10size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label10_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark10high|{{{mark10size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label10_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background10|{{{bg10|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background10|{{{bg10}}}}}}; }}">{{{label10|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label10 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#10--> |<!--else, no latitude10 -->}}<!--endif lat10* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #11 -->{{#if: {{{lat11|{{{lat11_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-11 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat11|{{{lat11_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#11 ({{{lat11|{{{lat11_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat11|{{{lat11_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#11 ({{{lat11|{{{lat11_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long11|{{{lon11_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#11({{{long11|{{{lon11_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long11|{{{lon11_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#11({{{long11|{{{lon11_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #11 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat11_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat11_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat11_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat11_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat11_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat11|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon11_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon11_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon11_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon11_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon11_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon11_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long11|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#11 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark11size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark11size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark11high|{{{mark11size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark11size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark11size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark11size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark11size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#11 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark11size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark11|}}} | {{{mark11}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark11 ----- set image size as 'mark10size'x'mark11high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark11size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark11size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark11high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark11high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark11size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark11high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark11high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark11high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark11high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark11size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark11high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark11high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark11size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label11|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label11}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label11-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark10size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker11 ---------------------------------------------- Label #11 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position11|{{{pos11|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label11_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position11|{{{pos11|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark11high|{{{mark11size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label11_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark11size|8}}}/21 + {{{label11_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark11high|{{{mark11size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label11_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark11size|8}}}/165 + {{{label11_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark11high|{{{mark11size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label11_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark11high|{{{mark11size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label11_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background11|{{{bg11|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background11|{{{bg11}}}}}}; }}">{{{label11|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label11 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#11--> |<!--else, no latitude11 -->}}<!--endif lat11* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #12 -->{{#if: {{{lat12|{{{lat12_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-10 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat12|{{{lat12_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#12 ({{{lat12|{{{lat12_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat12|{{{lat12_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#12 ({{{lat12|{{{lat12_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long12|{{{lon12_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#12({{{long12|{{{lon12_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long12|{{{lon12_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#12({{{long12|{{{lon12_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #12 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat12_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat12_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat12_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat12_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat12_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat12|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon12_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon12_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon12_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon12_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon12_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon12_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long12|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#12 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark12size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark12size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark12high|{{{mark12size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark12size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark12size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark12size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark12size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#12 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark12size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark12|}}} | {{{mark12}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark12 ----- set image size as 'mark12size'x'mark12high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark12size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark12size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark12high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark12high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark12size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark12high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark12high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark12high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark12high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark12size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark12high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark12high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark12size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label12|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label12}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label12-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark12size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker12 ---------------------------------------------- Label #12 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position12|{{{pos12|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label12_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position12|{{{pos12|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark12high|{{{mark12size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label12_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark12size|8}}}/21 + {{{label12_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark12high|{{{mark12size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label12_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark12size|8}}}/165 + {{{label12_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark12high|{{{mark12size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label12_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark12high|{{{mark12size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label12_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background12|{{{bg12|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background12|{{{bg12}}}}}}; }}">{{{label12|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label12 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#12--> |<!--else, no latitude12 -->}}<!--endif lat12* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #13 -->{{#if: {{{lat13|{{{lat13_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-13 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat13|{{{lat13_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#13 ({{{lat13|{{{lat13_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat13|{{{lat13_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#13 ({{{lat13|{{{lat13_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long13|{{{lon13_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#13({{{long13|{{{lon13_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long13|{{{lon13_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#13({{{long13|{{{lon13_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #13 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat13_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat13_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat13_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat13_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat13_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat13|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon13_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon13_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon13_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon13_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon13_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon13_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long13|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#13 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark13size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark13size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark13high|{{{mark13size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark13size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark13size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark13size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark13size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#13 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark13size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark13|}}} | {{{mark13}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark13 ----- set image size as 'mark13size'x'mark13high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark13size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark13size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark13high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark13high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark13size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark13high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark13high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark13high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark13high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark13size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark13high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark13high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark13size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label13|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label13}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label13-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark13size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker13 ---------------------------------------------- Label #13 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position13|{{{pos13|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label13_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position13|{{{pos13|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark13high|{{{mark13size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label13_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark13size|8}}}/21 + {{{label13_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark13high|{{{mark13size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label13_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark13size|8}}}/165 + {{{label13_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark13high|{{{mark13size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label13_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark13high|{{{mark13size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label13_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background13|{{{bg13|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background13|{{{bg13}}}}}}; }}">{{{label13|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label13 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#13--> |<!--else, no latitude13 -->}}<!--endif lat13* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #14 -->{{#if: {{{lat14|{{{lat14_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-14 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat14|{{{lat14_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#14 ({{{lat14|{{{lat14_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat14|{{{lat14_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#14 ({{{lat14|{{{lat14_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long14|{{{lon14_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#14({{{long14|{{{lon14_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long14|{{{lon14_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#14({{{long14|{{{lon14_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #14 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat14_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat14_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat14_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat14_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat14_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat14|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon14_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon14_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon14_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon14_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon14_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon14_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long14|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#14 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark14size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark14size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark14high|{{{mark14size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark14size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark14size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark14size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark14size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#14 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark14size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark14|}}} | {{{mark14}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark14 ----- set image size as 'mark14size'x'mark14high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark14size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark14size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark14high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark14high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark14size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark14high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark14high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark14high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark14high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark14size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark14high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark14high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark14size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label14|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label14}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label14-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark14size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker14 ---------------------------------------------- Label #14 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position14|{{{pos14|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label14_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position14|{{{pos14|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark14high|{{{mark14size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label14_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark14size|8}}}/21 + {{{label14_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark14high|{{{mark14size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label14_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark14size|8}}}/165 + {{{label14_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark14high|{{{mark14size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label14_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark14high|{{{mark14size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label14_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background14|{{{bg14|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background14|{{{bg14}}}}}}; }}">{{{label14|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label14 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#14--> |<!--else, no latitude14 -->}}<!--endif lat14* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #15 -->{{#if: {{{lat15|{{{lat15_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-15 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat15|{{{lat15_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#15 ({{{lat15|{{{lat15_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat15|{{{lat15_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#15 ({{{lat15|{{{lat15_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long15|{{{lon15_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#15({{{long15|{{{lon15_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long15|{{{lon15_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#15({{{long15|{{{lon15_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #15 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat15_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat15_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat15_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat15_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat15_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat15|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon15_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon15_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon15_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon15_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon15_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon15_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long15|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#15 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark15size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark15size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark15high|{{{mark15size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark15size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark15size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark15size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark15size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#15 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark15size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark15|}}} | {{{mark15}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark15 ----- set image size as 'mark15size'x'mark15high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark15size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark15size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark15high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark15high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark15size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark15high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark15high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark15high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark15high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark15size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark15high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark15high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark15size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label15|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label15}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label15-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark15size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker15 ---------------------------------------------- Label #15 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position15|{{{pos15|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label15_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position15|{{{pos15|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark15high|{{{mark15size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label15_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark15size|8}}}/21 + {{{label15_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark15high|{{{mark15size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label15_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark15size|8}}}/165 + {{{label15_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark15high|{{{mark15size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label15_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark15high|{{{mark15size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label15_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background15|{{{bg15|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background15|{{{bg15}}}}}}; }}">{{{label15|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label15 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#15--> |<!--else, no latitude15 -->}}<!--endif lat15* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #16 -->{{#if: {{{lat16|{{{lat16_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-16 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat16|{{{lat16_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#16 ({{{lat16|{{{lat16_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat16|{{{lat16_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#16 ({{{lat16|{{{lat16_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long16|{{{lon16_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#16({{{long16|{{{lon16_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long16|{{{lon16_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#16({{{long16|{{{lon16_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #16 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat16_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat16_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat16_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat16_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat16_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat16|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon16_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon16_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon16_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon16_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon16_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon16_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long16|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#16 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark16size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark16size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark16high|{{{mark16size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark16size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark16size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark16size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark16size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#16 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark16size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark16|}}} | {{{mark16}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark16 ----- set image size as 'mark16size'x'mark16high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark16size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark16size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark16high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark16high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark16size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark16high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark16high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark16high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark16high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark16size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark16high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark16high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark16size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label16|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label16}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label16-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark16size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker16 ---------------------------------------------- Label #16 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position16|{{{pos16|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label16_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position16|{{{pos16|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark16high|{{{mark16size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label16_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark16size|8}}}/21 + {{{label16_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark16high|{{{mark16size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label16_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark16size|8}}}/165 + {{{label16_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark16high|{{{mark16size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label16_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark16high|{{{mark16size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label16_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background16|{{{bg16|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background16|{{{bg16}}}}}}; }}">{{{label16|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label16 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#16--> |<!--else, no latitude10 -->}}<!--endif lat16* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #17 -->{{#if: {{{lat17|{{{lat17_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-17 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat17|{{{lat17_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#17 ({{{lat17|{{{lat17_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat17|{{{lat17_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#17 ({{{lat17|{{{lat17_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long17|{{{lon17_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#17({{{long17|{{{lon17_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long17|{{{lon17_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#17({{{long17|{{{lon17_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #17 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat17_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat10_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat17_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat17_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat17_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat17|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon17_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon17_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon17_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon17_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon17_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon17_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long17|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#17 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark17size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark17size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark17high|{{{mark17size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark17size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark17size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark17size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark17size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#17 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark17size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark17|}}} | {{{mark17}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark17 ----- set image size as 'mark17size'x'mark17high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark17size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark17size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark17high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark17high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark17size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark17high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark17high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark17high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark17high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark17size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark17high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark17high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark17size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label17|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label17}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label17-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark17size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker17 ---------------------------------------------- Label #17 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position17|{{{pos17|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label17_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position17|{{{pos17|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark17high|{{{mark17size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label17_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark17size|8}}}/21 + {{{label17_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark17high|{{{mark17size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label17_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark17size|8}}}/165 + {{{label17_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark17high|{{{mark17size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label17_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark17high|{{{mark17size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label17_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background17|{{{bg17|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background17|{{{bg17}}}}}}; }}">{{{label17|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label17 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#17--> |<!--else, no latitude17 -->}}<!--endif lat17* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #18 -->{{#if: {{{lat18|{{{lat18_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-18 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat18|{{{lat18_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#18 ({{{lat18|{{{lat18_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat18|{{{lat18_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#18 ({{{lat18|{{{lat18_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long18|{{{lon18_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#18({{{long18|{{{lon18_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long18|{{{lon18_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#18({{{long18|{{{lon18_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #18 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat18_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat18_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat18_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat18_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat18_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat18|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon18_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon18_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon18_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon18_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon18_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon18_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long18|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#18 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark18size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark18size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark18high|{{{mark18size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark18size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark18size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark18size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark18size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#18 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark18size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark18|}}} | {{{mark18}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark18 ----- set image size as 'mark18size'x'mark18high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark18size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark18size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark18high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark18high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark18size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark18high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark18high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark18high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark18high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark18size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark18high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark18high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark18size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label18|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label18}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label18-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark18size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker18 ---------------------------------------------- Label #18 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position18|{{{pos18|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label18_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position18|{{{pos18|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark18high|{{{mark18size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label18_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark18size|8}}}/21 + {{{label18_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark18high|{{{mark18size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label18_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark18size|8}}}/165 + {{{label18_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark18high|{{{mark18size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label18_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark18high|{{{mark18size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label18_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background18|{{{bg18|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background18|{{{bg18}}}}}}; }}">{{{label18|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label18 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#18--> |<!--else, no latitude18 -->}}<!--endif lat18* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #19 -->{{#if: {{{lat19|{{{lat19_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-19 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat19|{{{lat19_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#19 ({{{lat19|{{{lat19_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat19|{{{lat19_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#19 ({{{lat19|{{{lat19_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long19|{{{lon19_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#19({{{long19|{{{lon19_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long19|{{{lon19_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#19({{{long19|{{{lon19_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #19 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat19_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat19_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat19_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat19_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat19_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat19|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon19_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon19_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon19_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon19_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon19_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon19_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long19|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#19 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark19size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark19size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark19high|{{{mark19size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark19size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark19size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark19size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark19size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#19 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark19size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark19|}}} | {{{mark19}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark19 ----- set image size as 'mark19size'x'mark19high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark19size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark19size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark19high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark19high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark19size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark19high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark19high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark19high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark19high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark19size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark19high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark19high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark19size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label19|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label19}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label19-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark19size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker19 ---------------------------------------------- Label #19 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position19|{{{pos19|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label19_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position19|{{{pos19|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark19high|{{{mark19size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label19_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark19size|8}}}/21 + {{{label19_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark19high|{{{mark19size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label19_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark19size|8}}}/165 + {{{label19_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark19high|{{{mark19size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label19_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark19high|{{{mark19size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label19_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background19|{{{bg19|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background19|{{{bg19}}}}}}; }}">{{{label19|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label19 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#19--> |<!--else, no latitude19 -->}}<!--endif lat19* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #20 -->{{#if: {{{lat20|{{{lat20_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-20 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat20|{{{lat20_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#20 ({{{lat20|{{{lat20_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat20|{{{lat20_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#20 ({{{lat20|{{{lat20_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long20|{{{lon20_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#20({{{long20|{{{lon20_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long20|{{{lon20_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#20({{{long20|{{{lon20_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #20 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat20_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat20_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat20_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat20_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat20_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat20|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon20_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon20_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon20_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon20_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon20_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon20_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long20|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#20 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark20size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark20size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark20high|{{{mark20size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark20size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark20size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark20size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark20size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#20 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark20size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark20|}}} | {{{mark20}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark20 ----- set image size as 'mark20size'x'mark20high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark20size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark20size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark20high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark20high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark20size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark20high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark20high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark20high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark20high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark20size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark20high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark20high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark20size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label20|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label20}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label20-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark20size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker20 ---------------------------------------------- Label #20 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position20|{{{pos20|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label20_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position20|{{{pos20|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark20high|{{{mark20size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label20_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark20size|8}}}/21 + {{{label20_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark20high|{{{mark20size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label20_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark20size|8}}}/165 + {{{label20_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark20high|{{{mark20size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label20_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark20high|{{{mark20size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label20_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background20|{{{bg20|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background20|{{{bg20}}}}}}; }}">{{{label20|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label20 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#20--> |<!--else, no latitude20 -->}}<!--endif lat20* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #21 -->{{#if: {{{lat21|{{{lat21_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-21 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat21|{{{lat21_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#21 ({{{lat21|{{{lat21_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat21|{{{lat21_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#21 ({{{lat21|{{{lat21_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long21|{{{lon21_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#21({{{long21|{{{lon21_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long21|{{{lon21_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#21({{{long21|{{{lon21_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #21 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat21_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat21_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat21_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat21_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat21_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat21|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon21_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon21_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon21_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon21_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon21_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon21_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long21|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#21 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark21size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark21size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark21high|{{{mark21size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark21size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark21size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark21size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark21size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#21 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark21size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark21|}}} | {{{mark21}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark21 ----- set image size as 'mark21size'x'mark21high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark21size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark21size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark21high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark21high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark21size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark21high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark21high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark21high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark21high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark21size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark21high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark21high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark21size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label21|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label21}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label21-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark21size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker21 ---------------------------------------------- Label #21 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position21|{{{pos21|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label21_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position21|{{{pos21|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark21high|{{{mark21size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label21size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark21size|8}}}/21 + {{{label21_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark21high|{{{mark10size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label21_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark21size|8}}}/165 + {{{label21_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark21high|{{{mark21size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label21_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark21high|{{{mark21size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label21_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background21|{{{bg21|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background21|{{{bg21}}}}}}; }}">{{{label21|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label21 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#21--> |<!--else, no latitude21 -->}}<!--endif lat21* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #22 -->{{#if: {{{lat22|{{{lat22_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-22 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat22|{{{lat22_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#22 ({{{lat22|{{{lat22_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat22|{{{lat22_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#22 ({{{lat22|{{{lat22_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long22|{{{lon22_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#22({{{long22|{{{lon22_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long22|{{{lon22_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#22({{{long22|{{{lon22_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #22 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat22_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat22_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat22_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat22_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat22_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat22|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon22_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon22_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon22_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon22_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon22_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon22_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long22|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#22 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark22size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark22size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark22high|{{{mark22size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark22size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark22size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark22size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark22size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#22 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark22size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark22|}}} | {{{mark22}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark22 ----- set image size as 'mark22size'x'mark22high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark22size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark22size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark22high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark22high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark22size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark22high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark22high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark22high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark22high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark22size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark22high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark22high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark22size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label22|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label22}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label22-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark22size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker22 ---------------------------------------------- Label #22 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position22|{{{pos22|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label22_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position22|{{{pos22|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark22high|{{{mark22size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label22_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark22size|8}}}/21 + {{{label22_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark22high|{{{mark22size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label22_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark22size|8}}}/165 + {{{label22_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark22high|{{{mark22size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label22_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark22high|{{{mark22size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label22_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background22|{{{bg22|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background22|{{{bg22}}}}}}; }}">{{{label22|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label22 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#22--> |<!--else, no latitude22 -->}}<!--endif lat22* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #23 -->{{#if: {{{lat23|{{{lat23_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-23 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat23|{{{lat23_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#23 ({{{lat23|{{{lat23_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat23|{{{lat23_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#23 ({{{lat23|{{{lat23_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long23|{{{lon23_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#23({{{long23|{{{lon23_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long23|{{{lon23_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#23({{{long23|{{{lon23_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #23 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat23_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat23_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat23_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat23_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat23_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat23|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon23_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon23_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon23_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon23_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon23_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon23_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long23|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#23 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark23size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark23size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark23high|{{{mark23size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark23size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark23size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark23size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark23size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#23 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark23size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark23|}}} | {{{mark23}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark23 ----- set image size as 'mark23size'x'mark23high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark23size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark23size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark23high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark23high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark23size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark23high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark23high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark23high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark23high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark23size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark23high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark23high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark23size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label23|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label23}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label23-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark23size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker23 ---------------------------------------------- Label #23 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position23|{{{pos23|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label23_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position23|{{{pos23|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark23high|{{{mark23size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label23_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark23size|8}}}/21 + {{{label23_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark23high|{{{mark23size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label23_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark23size|8}}}/165 + {{{label23_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark23high|{{{mark23size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label23_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark23high|{{{mark23size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label23_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background23|{{{bg23|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background23|{{{bg23}}}}}}; }}">{{{label23|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label23 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#23--> |<!--else, no latitude23 -->}}<!--endif lat23* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #24 -->{{#if: {{{lat24|{{{lat24_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-24 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat24|{{{lat24_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#24 ({{{lat24|{{{lat24_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat24|{{{lat24_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#24 ({{{lat24|{{{lat24_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long24|{{{lon24_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#24({{{long24|{{{lon24_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long24|{{{lon24_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#24({{{long24|{{{lon24_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #24 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat24_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat24_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat24_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat24_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat24_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat24|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon24_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon24_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon24_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon24_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon24_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon24_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long24|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#24 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark24size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark24size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark24high|{{{mark24size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark24size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark24size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark24size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark24size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#24 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark24size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark24|}}} | {{{mark24}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark24 ----- set image size as 'mark24size'x'mark24high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark24size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark24size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark24high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark24high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark24size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark24high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark24high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark24high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark24high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark24size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark24high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark24high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark24size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label24|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label24}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label24-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark24size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker24 ---------------------------------------------- Label #24 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position24|{{{pos24|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label24_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position24|{{{pos24|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark24high|{{{mark24size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label24_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark24size|8}}}/21 + {{{label24_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark24high|{{{mark24size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label24_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark24size|8}}}/165 + {{{label24_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark24high|{{{mark24size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label24_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark24high|{{{mark24size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label24_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background24|{{{bg24|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background24|{{{bg24}}}}}}; }}">{{{label24|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label24 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#24--> |<!--else, no latitude24 -->}}<!--endif lat24* -- ================================================= Marker/Label #25 -->{{#if: {{{lat25|{{{lat25_deg|}}} }}} | <!-- --then latitude-25 exists --------------- Verify lat./longitude -->{{ #ifexpr:{{{lat25|{{{lat25_deg|}}}}}}<{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} |<!--then-->Latitude#25 ({{{lat25|{{{lat25_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{lat25|{{{lat25_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} |<!--then-->Latitude#25 ({{{lat25|{{{lat25_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr:{{{long25|{{{lon25_deg|}}}}}} <{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} |<!--then-->Longitude#25({{{long25|{{{lon25_deg|}}}}}}) < map<!-- --> min({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}} round 2}}).| }} {{#ifexpr: {{{long25|{{{lon25_deg|}}}}}} > {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} |<!--then-->Longitude#25({{{long25|{{{lon25_deg|}}}}}}) > map<!-- --> max({{#expr:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} round 2}}).|}} <!-- --------------------------------- Begin point division #25 --> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr: <!--To DEBUG, add ">" above to show calc below--> 100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{#if: {{{lat25_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lat25_dir|}}}|S|-1|1}} * ( {{{lat25_deg|0}}} + ({{{lat25_min|0}}} / 60) + ( {{{lat25_sec|0}}} / 3600) ) }} | <!--else, decimal form-->{{{lat25|0}}} }}) / ( {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}} ) round 1 }}%; left: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|crosses180}} |{{#ifeq: {{{lon25_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}-{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}} }} + 100 * ( {{#if: {{{lon25_deg|}}} | {{#expr: {{#ifeq: {{{lon25_dir|}}}|W|-1|1}} * ( {{{lon25_deg|0}}} + ({{{lon25_min|0}}} / 60) + ({{{lon25_sec|0}}} / 3600)) }} | <!--else, decimal longitude-->{{{long25|0}}} }} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1 }}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><!-- ------------------------------------------------ Marker#25 division --><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{mark25size|}}} | left: -{{#expr: {{{mark25size}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{mark25high|{{{mark25size|8}}} }}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{mark25size}}}px; font-size: {{{mark25size}}}px; | <!--else, hunt mark25size@template--> left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}} |8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25high}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25high}} |<!--else-->{{{mark25size|8}}} }} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}} |<!--else-->8}}px; }}"><!-- -------------------- show marker#25 -->{{ #ifeq: {{{mark25size|1}}}| 0|<!--then skip--> |<!--else-->[[Image:{{#if: {{{mark25|}}} | {{{mark25}}} | <!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25}} |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25}}|<!--else-->Red pog.svg}} }}|<!--endif mark25 ----- set image size as 'mark25size'x'mark25high' with defaults -- -- ("x" between values, defaults from named-map template or 8) -->{{#if: {{{mark25size|}}} <!--SENT--><!-- --> |{{{mark25size}}}x{{#if: {{{mark25high|}}} <!-- --> |{{{mark25high}}} <!-- --> |{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{{mark25size|8}}}}}<!--eif-1/mark25high--> <!-- --> }}<!--eif-mark25high-A-->px <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}} <!-- -->|{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}}|<!--else-->8<!-- -->}}x{{#if: {{{mark25high|}}}<!--B -->|{{{mark25high}}} <!-- -->|{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25high}} <!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25high}} <!-- --> |<!--else-->{{#if: {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}}<!-- --> |{{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|mark25size}}|<!--else-->8}}<!-- -->}}<!--eif-Loc..mark25high-- -->}}<!--eif-mark25high-B-->px<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark25size-SENT-->|{{#if: {{{label25|}}}<!-- --> | {{{label25}}}<!--set mouseover alt-text - --> | <!--else-->{{PAGENAME}} }}<!--endif label25-->]]<!-- -->}}<!--endif mark25size=0 --></div><!-- end-div marker25 ---------------------------------------------- Label #25 -->{{#ifeq: {{{position25|{{{pos25|}}}}}} | none | |<div style="font-size: {{{label25_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; {{#switch: {{{position25|{{{pos25|right}}}}}} |left = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark25high|{{{mark25size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label25_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -{{#expr: 6.05 + {{{mark25size|8}}}/21 + {{{label25_size|90}}}/1855 }}em; text-align: right; |right = top: -{{#expr: {{{mark25high|{{{mark25size|8}}}}}}*0.76 + {{{label25_size|90}}}*.15 - 2.5 round 0}}px; left: {{#expr: 0.37 + {{{mark25size|8}}}/165 + {{{label25_size|90}}}/505 }}em; text-align: left; |top = top:-{{#expr: {{{mark25high|{{{mark25size|8}}}}}}*1.62 + {{{label25_size|90}}}*.13 + 2.5 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |bottom = top: -{{#expr:{{{mark25high|{{{mark25size|8}}}}}}*.45 - {{{label25_size|90}}}*.01 + 1.9 round 0}}px; left: -3em; text-align: center; |<!--otherwise-->}}"><span style="padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background25|{{{bg25|}}}}}} | background-color: {{{background25|{{{bg25}}}}}}; }}">{{{label25|}}}</span><!-- --></div><!-- end-div label25 --> }}</div><!--end-div point#25--> |<!--else, no latitude25 -->}}<!--endif lat25* -- ================================================ End All Markers --></div><div style="font-size: 90%">{{{caption|{{#if: {{{label|}}} | {{{label}}} | {{PAGENAME}} }} ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|name}})}}}</div><!-- end-div caption -- --></div><!-- end-div overall box --> <!-- </div></div> <!--force any divisions closed --> </includeonly><noinclude><!-- -- -- NOTES: -- This code generates nested HTML divisions for a box-division -- containing a map-division with nested point-divisions, each -- having a nested marker-image division & label division (for -- each marker/label point), following by a caption-division. -- -- The "map image" can be any image, allowing markers/labels to -- annotate any picture. Set each markXsize=1 to show labels only. -- -- [ These comments take < 1 second per 5,000 comment lines. ] -- [ Be sure to close comments: primitive editors don't check. ] -- --HISTORY: -- 06Sep07 Created/debugged to allow 3 markers. -- 08Sep07 Expanded with 6 more markers #4-#9 (of eventual 20). -- 08Sep07 Debugged marker #9 for extraneous marker in caption. -- 09Sep07 Rewrote to auto-position markers by marksize/markhigh. -- 10Sep07 Rewrote to require latitudes, avoid oversized pages. -- 11Sep07 Verified latitudes/longitudes (expanded template 16%). -- 15Sep07 Shortened latitude/longitude advisory messages. -- 15Sep07 Calculated 72 label positions by marker + label sizes. -- 15Sep07 Wikibug: Mark image:Red_pog.svg sometimes disappears. -- 15Sep07 Wikibug: (but image:Green/Blue_pog.svg work ok.) -- 15Sep07 Defaulted mark#high to mark#size if no template value. -- 07Oct07 Set label bottom position = -mark*.50 - label*.02 + 4.9 -- 08Oct07 Set label bottom position = -mark*.45 - label*.01 + 1.9 -- 20Dec07 Changed to skip a marker when mark#size=0. -- 20Dec07 Fixed to omit 2nd "->" after labels in captions 2-9. -- 14Feb08 More top comments; cut extra blank line above doc-page. -- --> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> {{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}} </noinclude> i6eul4z4ivzabeyakyt94kxqtf2ejpd 10 5438 21969 2021-01-17T16:53:39Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{G/{{{5|ነጥቢ}}} |1={{#expr:100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{{2}}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{G/{{{5|ነጥቢ}}} |1={{#expr:100 * ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{{2}}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|top}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|bottom}}) }} |2={{#expr:100 * ({{{3}}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|right}} - {{ካርታ ቦታ {{{1}}}|left}}) }} |3={{{4}}}|{{#if:{{{6|}}}||n}}4={{{6|}}}|{{#if:{{{7|}}}||n}}5={{{7|}}}<!---->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> dclf6tlktoyfmrfhgdj73tinjwnotym 10 5439 21970 2021-01-17T16:54:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly><div style="position:absolute;border:none; top:{{{1}}}%;left:{{{2}}}%; "><div style="position:absolute;top:-4px;left:-4px; ">Image:Point car...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="position:absolute;border:none; top:{{{1}}}%;left:{{{2}}}%; "><div style="position:absolute;top:-4px;left:-4px; ">[[Image:Point carte.svg|8px|{{{3|localisation}}}]]</div></div></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> lwqx9p6qyi526gl8566u8tjjsi079ia 10 5440 21971 2021-01-17T16:57:50Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ኣመሪካ |zone = country |y = 50.0 + 1.6155950752393982 * 124.03149777329222 * ( 0.02613325650382181 - (1.3236744353715044 -...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ኣመሪካ |zone = country |y = 50.0 + 1.6155950752393982 * 124.03149777329222 * ( 0.02613325650382181 - (1.3236744353715044 - (1.9694462586094064 - ({{{2}}} * pi / 180)) * cos(0.6010514667026994 * ({{{3}}} + 96) * pi / 180))) |x = 50.0 + 124.03149777329222 * ((1.9694462586094064-({{{2}}}* pi / 180)) * sin(0.6010514667026994 * ({{{3}}} + 96) * pi / 180)) <!--DO NOT DELETE THIS DATA: (TOP/BOTTOM/LEFT/RIGHT) THEY ARE ESSENTIAL FOR THE TEMPLATE {{ካርታ ቦታ ብዙሕ}}!!--> |top = 49.8 |bottom = 24.2 |left = -125.5 |right = -66.5 |longitude= |latitude1= |latitude2= |latitudeG= |n= |dx= |ምውጣን = Equidistant conic |image = Usa edcp location map.svg |ቅርጻ_መሬት = Usa edcp relief location map.png |ካርታ1 = Usa edcp location map-2.svg }}<noinclude> {{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ኣመሪካ| ]] t6vugxtc429lq4fq8dfodsf4nbnuxql 10 5441 21973 2021-01-17T17:50:26Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === {| |- style="vertical-align:top;" |<pre style="width:15em; margin-right:2em;"> {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | {{{1}}} | ስፍሓት...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === {| |- style="vertical-align:top;" |<pre style="width:15em; margin-right:2em;"> {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | {{{1}}} | ስፍሓት = | float = | border = | ገላጺ = | alt = | relief = | AlternativeMap = | overlay_image = | ቦታታት = }}</pre> |<pre style="width:15em;"> {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | {{{1}}} | label = | label_size = | position = | background = | mark = | marksize = | link = | lat_deg = | lat_min = | lat_sec = | lat_dir = | lon_deg = | lon_min = | lon_sec = | lon_dir = }}</pre> |} {{clear}} == ኣብነታት == This example does not use the <code>caption</code> parameter. Show default usage. {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | ኣውስትራልያ | ቦታታት = {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ኣውስትራልያ | label = ሲድኒ | lat_deg = -33.86 | lon_deg = 151.21 }} {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ኣውስትራልያ | label = መልበርን | lat_deg = -37.81 | lon_deg = 144.96 }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | ኣውስትራልያ | ቦታታት = {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ኣውስትራልያ | label = ሲድኒ | lat_deg = -33.86 | lon_deg = 151.21 }} {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ኣውስትራልያ | label = መልበርን | lat_deg = -37.81 | lon_deg = 144.96 }} }}</pre> {{clear}} This example uses the blank <code>ገላጺ</code> parameter. {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | ፈረንሳ | ገላጺ = | ቦታታት = {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ፈረንሳ | label = ፓሪስ | position = top | marksize = 10 | link = ፓሪስ | lat_deg = 48.8567 | lon_deg = 2.3508 }} {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ፈረንሳ | label = ማርሰይ | position = top | marksize = 10 | link = ማርሰይ | lat_deg = 43.2964 | lon_deg = 5.3610 }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | ፈረንሳ | ገላጺ = | ቦታታት = {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ፈረንሳ | label = ፓሪስ | position = top | marksize = 10 | link = ፓሪስ | lat_deg = 48.8567 | lon_deg = 2.3508 }} {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ፈረንሳ | label = ማርሰይ | position = top | marksize = 10 | link = ማርሰይ | lat_deg = 43.2964 | lon_deg = 5.3610 }} }} </pre> {{clear}} This example uses the <code>caption</code> parameter with an assigned value. {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | ኣመሪካ | width = 300 | ገላጺ = ገለ ከተማታት ኣመሪካ | relief = 1 | ቦታታት = {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ኣመሪካ | label = [[ኒው ዮርክ]] | position = | background = white | mark = Cyan pog.svg | alt = alt text for New York City | link = ኒው ዮርክ | lat_deg = 40 | lat_min = 43 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 74 | lon_min = 0 | lon_dir = W }} {{ካርታ ቦታ~| ኣመሪካ | label = [[ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ]] | position = | background = white | mark = Purple pog.svg | alt = alt text for ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ | link = ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 46 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 122 | lon_min = 25 | lon_dir = W }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{ካርታ ቦታ+ | ኣመሪካ | width = 300 | ገላጺ = ገለ ከተማታት ኣመሪካ | relief = 1 | ቦታታት = {{ካርታ ቦታ~ | ኣመሪካ | label = [[ኒው ዮርክ]] | position = | background = white | mark = Cyan pog.svg | alt = alt text for New York City | link = ኒው ዮርክ | lat_deg = 40 | lat_min = 43 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 74 | lon_min = 0 | lon_dir = W }} {{ካርታ ቦታ~| ኣመሪካ | label = [[ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ]] | position = | background = white | mark = Purple pog.svg | alt = alt text for ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ | link = ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 46 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 122 | lon_min = 25 | lon_dir = W }} }} </pre> <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ]] </includeonly> 8wt2woxq42zcfnb110kjsbarg1d728u 828 5442 24408 24403 2023-07-03T22:44:47Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local z = {} -- Code copied from http://lua-users.org/wiki/SortedIteration function __genOrderedIndex( t ) local orderedIndex = {} for key in pairs(t) do table.insert( orderedIndex, key ) end table.sort( orderedIndex ) return orderedIndex end function orderedNext(t, state) -- Equivalent of the next function, but returns the keys in the alphabetic -- order. We use a temporary ordered key table that is stored in the -- table being iterated. local key = nil --print("orderedNext: state = "..tostring(state) ) if state == nil then -- the first time, generate the index t.__orderedIndex = __genOrderedIndex( t ) key = t.__orderedIndex[1] else -- fetch the next value for i = 1,table.getn(t.__orderedIndex) do if t.__orderedIndex[i] == state then key = t.__orderedIndex[i+1] end end end if key then return key, t[key] end -- no more value to return, cleanup t.__orderedIndex = nil return end function orderedPairs(t) -- Equivalent of the pairs() function on tables. Allows to iterate -- in order return orderedNext, t, nil end function z.tostringordered(board, indentation) indentation = indentation or '\n' local indentation2 = indentation .. ' ' if not board then return end local values = {} local k2, v2 for k,v in orderedPairs(board) do if type(k) == 'string' then k2 = '"' .. k .. '"' else k2 = k end if type(v) == 'table' then v2 = z.tostringordered(v, indentation2) elseif type(v)=='string' then v2 = '"' .. v .. '"' else v2 = tostring(v) end table.insert(values, '[' .. k2 .. '] = ' .. v2) end return '{' .. indentation2 .. (table.concat(values, '፣ ' .. indentation2) or '') .. indentation .. '}' end function z.tostring(board, indentation) indentation = indentation or '\n' local indentation2 = indentation .. ' ' if not board then return end local values = {} local k2, v2 for k,v in pairs(board) do if type(k) == 'string' then k2 = '"' .. k .. '"' else k2 = k end if type(v) == 'table' then v2 = z.tostring(v, indentation2) elseif type(v)=='string' then v2 = '"' .. v .. '"' else v2 = tostring(v) end table.insert(values, '[' .. k2 .. '] = ' .. v2) end return '{' .. indentation2 .. (table.concat(values, '፣ ' .. indentation2) or '') .. indentation .. '}' end function z.element(board, index1, index2, index3, index4, index5, index6, index7) local result if not board or not index1 then return end result = board[index1] if not index2 or not result then return result end result = result[index2] if not index3 or not result then return result end result = result[index3] if not index4 or not result then return result end result = result[index4] if not index5 or not result then return result end result = result[index5] if not index6 or not result then return result end result = result[index6] if not index7 or not result then return result end result = result[index7] return result end function z.on(board, element) if not element then return end for k,v in pairs( board ) do if v == element then return k end end end function z.copyElementsWithValue(original) local copy= {} for k,v in pairs(original) do if v~='' then copy[k] = original[k] end end return copy end function z.put(board, element) if not element then return false end if not z.on(board, element) then table.insert(board, element) end return true end function z.insertElementsWithValue(origin, destiny) for k,v in pairs(origin) do if v~='' then table.insert(destiny, v) end end return copy end function z.areEqual(board1, board2) if not board1 or not board2 then return false end if board1 == board2 then return true end for k,v in pairs(board1) do if board2[k] ~= v then return false end end for k,v in pairs(board2) do if not board1[k] then return false end end return true end function z.orderFeature(board, feature) local unstableFeature = feature -- Add a field to the table with the order for i,n in ipairs(table) do board[i].__order = i end table.sort(table, function(a,b) if unstableFeature(a, b) then return true -- a < b elseif unstableFeature(b, a) then return false -- b < a elseif a.__order < b.__order then return true -- a = b and a appears before b else return false -- a = b and b appears before a end end ) -- Remove the field with the order from the table for i,n in ipairs(table) do board[i].__order = nil end end function z.toOrder(board, criterion) if type(criterion) == 'table' then z.orderFeature(board, function(a,b) local valueA, valueB for i,field in ipairs(criterion) do valueA = a[field] valueB = b[field] if not valueA and not valueA then -- Do nothing elseif not valueA and valueB then return true elseif valueA and not valueB then return false elseif valueA < valueB then return true elseif valueA > valueB then return false end end return false -- All values are equal end ) else z.orderFeature(board, criterion) end end function z.toGroup(board, key, field) local board2 = {} local v2 for k,v in ipairs(table) do if not v[field] then table.insert(board2, v) v2 = nil elseif v2 and v2[key] == v[key] then -- To group table.insert(v2[field], v[field]) else v2 = v v2[field] = {v[field]} table.insert(board2, v2) end end return board2 end return z 6z3n53ieuqlgf9u95okd0pi0b8se7my 10 5443 21976 21975 2021-01-17T20:47:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Px]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}} | {{#iferror: {{#expr:{{{1|}}} > 0 }} | {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}}px }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1vgk9m15ecpfe0swb4w8wio26xqm4ku 10 5444 21979 21978 2021-01-18T23:09:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Both]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|1|}}|}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 7rbei8tbzquc4s9z9fad826r1oj61l0 10 5445 21982 2021-01-19T23:02:24Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} <!-- ጶስጣዊ ኮድ --> | P281 = {{#if: {{#property:P281}} | {{#iferror: {{#expr:{{#property:P281}}}}<!-- che...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} <!-- ጶስጣዊ ኮድ --> | P281 = {{#if: {{#property:P281}} | {{#iferror: {{#expr:{{#property:P281}}}}<!-- check if it's a number or a range --> |<!-- if it is a range it does nothing --> | {{#switch: {{#property:P17}} | ኮሎምብያ = {{#ifexpr: {{#property:P281}} > 1000<!-- localities (6 digits) or departments (2 digits) --> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/es/colombia/codigo-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/codigos-postales-de-colombia.php]።</ref> }} | ስጳኛ = {{#ifexpr: {{#property:P281}} > 1000<!-- localities (5 digits) or provinces (2 digits) --> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/es/espana/codigo-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/codigos-postales-de-espana.php]።</ref> }} | ኤኳዶር = {{#ifexpr: {{#property:P281}} > 1000<!-- localities (5 digits) or provinces (2 digits) --> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/es/ecuador/codigo-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/codigos-postales-de-ecuador.php]።</ref> }} | ኣመሪካ = <ref>Zip Data Maps፣ [http://www.zipdatamaps.com/en_{{#property:P281}} ዚፕ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | ፈረንሳ = <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/fr/france/code-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | ሜክሲኮ = <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/es/mexico/codigo-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | ኢጣልያ = <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/en/italy/postal-code/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | ኡራጓይ = <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/es/uruguay/codigo-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | ኮስታ ሪካ = <ref>{{cite web|title=Código Postal|trans-title=ጶስጣዊ ኮድ|url=https://correos.go.cr/codigo-postal/|work=Correos de Costa Rica|access-date=6 መስከረም 2020}}</ref> | ዶሚኒካዊት ሪፓብሊክ | Dominican Republic = <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/es/dominican-republic/codigo-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | ፔሩ = {{#ifexpr: {{#property:P281}} > 1000<!-- localities (5 digits) or regions (2 digits) --> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/es/peru/codigo-postal/{{#property:P281}} ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ቍጽሪ {{#property:P281}}]።</ref> | <ref>Worldpostalcodes.org፣ [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/codigos-postales-de-peru.php]።</ref> }} | ቻይና = <ref>{{Cite web|url = https://tw.youbianku.com/{{#property:P281}}|title = 郵遞區號查詢 - 郵編庫|trans-title = ጥያቐ ጶስጣዊ ኮድ|website = tw.youbianku.com|language = ቻይንኛ|date = 2005|access-date = 25 ጥሪ 2018}}</ref> }} }} }} <!-- ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ --> | P473 = {{#if: {{#property:P473}} | {{#iferror: {{#expr:{{#property:P473}}}}<!-- check if it's a number or a range --> |<!-- if it is a range it does nothing --> | {{#switch: {{#property:P17}} | ሜክሲኮ = <ref>Portal Telefónico፣ [http://www.portaltelefonico.mx/clave-lada-{{#property:P473}} {{#property:P473}}]።</ref> }} }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> jmd09vv0gdhfbsczgauw853q1hypg7w 10 5446 23365 23364 2021-12-15T00:53:21Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |class = geography vcard |classtitle = map fn org |titlestyle = padding:0 |title = {{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{መበቆላዊ ስም|}}}||{{#if:{{{መበቆላዊ ስም|}}}|<br /><span style="font-size:smaller">''{{{መበቆላዊ ስም|}}}''</span>}}}} |subtitlestyle1 = font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; background-color:#cddeff |subtitle = {{Property|p31|{{{ሕብረት|[[ንኡስ ሃገራዊ ኣካል]]}}} |highest rank=yes |priority=no}}<!-- -- -- {{#if:{{#property:P17}}{{{ሃገር|}}}|&nbsp;{{Property|P17|{{{ሃገር|}}} |highest rank=yes |priority=no }} }} --> |labelstyle = padding:2px 7px; width:30%; |datastyle = padding:2px 7px 1px 1px |aboveimage = {{#ifeq:{{{img_panorama_urb|{{{image_skyline|{{{ምስሊ|}}}}}}}}}|no||{{Property|P18|2={{{img_panorama_urb|{{{image_skyline|{{{ምስሊ|}}} }}} }}}|datatype=image|image size={{{imagesize|{{{tam_img_panorama_urb|{{{መጠን_ምስሊ|250px}}} }}} }}}|priority=no|one=yes|highest rank=yes}}}} |abovefooterstyle = font-size:smaller; font-weight:normal |abovefooter = {{#if:{{{img_panorama_urb|{{{image_skyline|{{{ምስሊ|}}} }}} }}}|{{{image_caption|{{{footer_img_panorama_urb|{{{እግሪ_ምስሊ|}}} }}} }}}}} |aboveimagesize = {{{imagesize|{{{tam_img_panorama_urb|{{{መጠን_ምስሊ|250px}}} }}} }}} |leftimage = {{#ifeq: {{{ምስሊ_ባንዴራ|{{{ባንዴራ|}}}}}}|no|| {{Property|P41| {{{ባንዴራ|}}} |priority=no|one=yes|categories=no}}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ባንዴራ_ወሰን|}}}}}|yes|{{!}}border}} }} |leftimagesize = {{{ባንዴራ_መጠን|{{{ምስሊ_ባንዴራ_መጠን|100x78px}}}}}} |leftfooterstyle = font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold |leftfooter = {{#ifeq: {{{ምስሊ_ባንዴራ|{{{ባንዴራ|}}}}}}|no|| {{#if: {{#property:P41}}{{{ምስሊ_ባንዴራ|}}}{{{ባንዴራ|}}} | {{#if: {{#property:P163}}{{{ጽሑፍ ባንዴራ|}}} | {{Property|P163|{{#if:{{{ጽሑፍ ባንዴራ|}}}|[[{{{ጽሑፍ ባንዴራ|}}}|ባንዴራ]]}}|label=ባንዴራ|one=yes|priority=yes}} | {{#ifexist:ባንዴራ {{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}} | [[ባንዴራ {{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}}|ባንዴራ]] | ባንዴራ }} }} | ባንዴራ }} }} |rightimage = {{#ifeq: {{{ምስሊ_ኣርማ|{{{ኣርማ|}}}}}}|no|| {{Property|P94| {{{ምስሊ_ኣርማ|{{{ኣርማ|}}}}}} |priority=no|one=yes|categories=no}} }} |rightimagesize = {{{ኣርማ_መጠን|{{{ምስሊ_ኣርማ_መጠን|88x88px}}}}}} |rightfootersyle = font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold |rightfooter = {{#ifeq: {{{ምስሊ_ኣርማ|{{{ኣርማ|}}}}}}|no|| {{#if: {{#property:P94}}{{{ምስሊ_ኣርማ|}}}{{{ኣርማ|}}} | {{#if: {{#property:P237}}{{{ጽሑፍ ኣርማ|}}} | {{Property|P237|{{#if:{{{ጽሑፍ ኣርማ|}}}|[[{{{ጽሑፍ ኣርማ|}}}|ኣርማ]]}}|label=ኣርማ|one=yes|priority=no}} | {{#ifexist:ኣርማ {{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}} | [[ኣርማ {{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}}|ኣርማ]] | ኣርማ }} }} | ኣርማ }} }} |abovedata1 = {{#if:{{{ሳጓ|}}}|[[ሳጓ|ካልኦት ኣስማት]]፦ <span style="font-style:italic">{{{ሳጓ}}}</span>}} |abovedata2 = {{#if:{{{ጭርሖ|}}}|[[ጭርሖ]]፦ {{{ጭርሖ}}}}} |abovedata3 = {{#if:{{{መዝሙር|}}}|[[መዝሙር]]፦ {{{መዝሙር}}}}}{{#if:{{{ፋይል_መዝሙር|}}}|<br />[[ፋይል:{{{ፋይል_መዝሙር}}}|140px|center|noicon]]}} |imagestyle = padding:0.8em 0.7em; text-align:center |floatingimage1 = yes |image1 = {{#if:{{#property:p625}}|{{#if:{{{ካርታ_loc|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}}|<!-- -->{{ካርታ ቦታ|{{{ካርታ_loc|{{{pushpin_map}}}}}} |label = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ|}}}}}|none||{{#if:{{{ስም|}}}|{{{ስም}}}|{{#if:{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|}}}|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም}}}|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}} |ምልክት = {{{ምስሊ_ምልክት_ቦታ|}}} |መጠን_ምልክት = {{{መጠን_ምልክት_ቦታ|5}}} |ኣሳላልፋ = center |እግሪ = no |AlternativeMap = {{{ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ|}}} |ወሰን = none |ኣቀማምጣ = {{#if:{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ|{{{pushpin_label_position|}}}}}}|{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ|{{{pushpin_label_position}}}}}}|}} |ስፍሓት = {{{መጠን_ካርታ_ቦታ|{{{pushpin_mapsize|250}}} }}} }} }} }} |footerstyle = font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold |footer1 = {{{እግሪ_ካርታ_ቦታ|{{{pushpin_map_caption|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ|}}}}}|none||ከባቢ {{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}} }}} }}} }}} }}} ኣብ {{{ካርታ_loc|}}} }} }}} }}} |floatingimage2 = yes |image2 = {{#if:{{#property:p625}}|{{#if:{{{ካርታ_loc1|{{{ካርታ_loc_1|{{{pushpin_map1|}}}}}}}}}| {{ካርታ ቦታ|{{{ካርታ_loc1|{{{ካርታ_loc_1|{{{pushpin_map1}}}}}}}}} |label = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ_1|}}}}}|none||{{#if:{{{ስም|}}}|{{{ስም}}}|{{#if:{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|}}}|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም}}}|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}}}} |ምልክት = {{{ምስሊ_ምልክት_ቦታ_1|}}} |መጠን_ምልክት = {{{መጠን_ምልክት_ቦታ_1|5}}} |ኣሳላልፋ = center |እግሪ = no |AlternativeMap = {{{ኣማራጽያዊ_ካርታ_1|}}} |ወሰን = none |ኣቀማምጣ = {{#if:{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ_1|{{{pushpin_label_position1|}}}}}}|{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ_1|{{{pushpin_label_position1}}}}}}|}} |ስፍሓት = {{{መጠን_ካርታ_ቦታ_1|{{{pushpin_mapsize1|250}}}}}}}}}}}} |footer2 = {{{እግሪ_ካርታ_ቦታ_1|{{{pushpin_map_caption1|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ኣቀማምጣ_ገላጺ_ቦታ|}}}}}|none||ከባቢ {{{ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ወግዓዊ_ስም|{{{ምሉእ ስም|{{Title without disambig}} }}} }}} }}} }}} ኣብ {{{ካርታ_loc1|{{{ካርታ_loc_1|}}}}}} }} }}} }}} |image3 = {{Property|P242| {{{ካርታ|{{{image_map|}}}}}} |one=yes|categories=no}} |imagesize3 = {{px|{{{መጠን_ካርታ|{{{mapsize|240x215px }}} }}} }} |footer3 = {{{እግሪ_ካርታ|{{{map_caption|ቦታ {{{ስም|{{Title without disambig}} }}} }}} }}} |image4 = {{{ካርታ1|{{{image_map1|{{{ካርታ_location|}}} }}} }}} |imagesize4 = {{px|{{{መጠን_ካርታ|{{{mapsize|240x215px }}} }}} }} |footer4 = {{{እግሪ_ካርታ1|{{{map_caption1|ቦታ {{{ስም|{{Title without disambig}} }}} }}} }}} |label10 = [[ጂኦግራፍያዊ መስተማእዛኒታት|መስተማእዛኒታት]] |data10 = {{Property|P625|type=city|one=yes}} |label13 = {{{ርእሰ_ከተማ_ኣሰያይማ|[[ርእሰ ከተማ]]}}} |data13 = {{{ርእሰ_ከተማ|}}} |labelstyle14 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle14 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label14 = <span style="font-size:90%">&nbsp;• ብዝሒ ህዝቢ</span> |data14 = {{#if:{{{ርእሰ_ከተማ|}}}{{#property:P36}}|{{#if:{{{ርእሰ_ከተማ_ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}|<span style="font-size:90%">{{{ርእሰ_ከተማ_ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ}}}</span>}}}} <!-- |labelstyle15 = 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border:0;padding:1px 7px |label20 = &nbsp;• [[ዝርዝር ሃገራት|ሃገር]] |data20 = {{#if: {{#property:P17}}{{{ሃገር|}}}{{{ዓዲ|}}} | {{Flagcountry|{{Property|P17|{{{ሃገር|{{{ዓዲ}}}}}}|categories=no|priority=yes|one=yes|link=no|highest rank=yes}} }} }} |labelstyle21 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle21 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label21 = &nbsp;• {{{ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_1|}}} |data21 = {{{ላዕለዋይ_1|}}} |labelstyle22 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle22 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label22 = &nbsp;• {{{ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_2|}}} |data22 = {{{ላዕለዋይ_2|}}} |labelstyle23 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle23 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label23 = &nbsp;• {{{ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_3|}}} |data23 = {{{ላዕለዋይ_3|}}} |labelstyle24 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle24 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label24 = &nbsp;• {{{ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_4|}}} |data24 = {{{ላዕለዋይ_4|}}} |labelstyle25 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle25 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label25 = &nbsp;• {{{ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_5|}}} |data25 = {{{ላዕለዋይ_5|}}} |labelstyle26 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle26 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label26 = &nbsp;• {{{ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_6|}}} |data26 = {{{ላዕለዋይ_6|}}} |labelstyle27 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle27 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label27 = &nbsp;• {{{ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_7|}}} |data27 = {{{ላዕለዋይ_7|}}} |data29 = {{#if:{{{መራሕቲ_ምስሊ|}}}|[[ፋይል:{{{መራሕቲ_ምስሊ|}}}|border|{{{መራሕቲ_ምስሊ_ስፍሓት|250px}}}]]|}} |label30 = {{{መራሕቲ_ኣርእስትታት|መራሕቲ}}} |data30 = {{#if:{{{መራሒ1|}}}|&nbsp;|{{{መራሕቲ_ኣስማት|}}}}} |labelstyle31 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle31 = border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px |label31 = &nbsp;• {{{መራሒ1_ሓላፍነት|መራሒ}}}{{#if:{{{መራሒ1_ዓመት|}}}|&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:90%">({{{መራሒ1_ዓመት}}})</span>}} |data31 = {{{መራሒ1|}}} |label32 = ንኡስ ክፋላት |data32 = {{{ንኡስ_ክፋል|}}} |labelstyle33 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle33 = border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px |label33 = {{{ዓይነት_ክፋል_1|}}} |data33 = {{{ክፋል_1|}}} |labelstyle34 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle34 = border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px |label34 = {{{ዓይነት_ክፋል_2|}}} |data34 = {{{ክፋል_2|}}} |labelstyle35 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle35 = border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px |label35 = {{{ዓይነት_ክፋል_3|}}} |data35 = {{{ክፋል_3|}}} |label36 = {{#if:{{{መሰረት|}}}{{{ህንጻ|}}}{{{ዕለት_ምፍጣር|}}}|ታሪኻዊ ፍጻሜታት|መሰረት{{#if:{{{መሰረት_ክውንነታት|}}}|<br />{{{መሰረት_ክውንነታት}}}}}}} |data36 = {{{መሰረት_ዕለታት|{{#if:{{{መሰረት|}}}{{{ህንጻ|}}}{{{ዕለት_ምፍጣር|}}}|&nbsp;}}}}} |labelstyle37 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle37 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label37 = &nbsp;• መሰረት |data37 = {{{መሰረት|}}}{{#if:{{{መስራቲ|}}}|&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%">({{{መስራቲ}}})</span>}} |labelstyle38 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle38 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label38 = &nbsp;• ህንጻ |data38 = {{{ህንጻ|}}} |labelstyle39 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle39 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label39 = &nbsp;• ምፍጣር |data39 = {{{ዕለት_ምፍጣር|}}} |labelstyle40 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle40 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label40 = &nbsp;• ስም |data40 = {{{ስም_መሰረት|}}} |label41 = [[ስፍሓት]] |data41 = {{#if:{{{ስፍሓት_ቦታ|}}}|ቦታ {{{ስፍሓት_ቦታ}}}ይ {{#if:{{{ቍጽሪ_ኣካላት|}}}|&nbsp;ናይ {{{ቍጽሪ_ኣካላት}}}}}|{{#if:{{#property:P2046}}{{{ስፍሓት|}}}{{{ስፍሓት_መሬት|}}}{{{ስፍሓት_ማይ|}}}{{{ዶባት|}}}|&nbsp;}}}} |labelstyle42 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle42 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label42 = &nbsp;• ጠቕላላ |data42 = {{#if: {{{ስፍሓት|}}}|{{{ስፍሓት}}} [[ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር|ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.]]{{{ስፍሓት_ምልጣፍ|}}} }} |labelstyle43 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle43 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label43 = &nbsp;• መሬት |data43 = {{#if:{{both|{{#property:P2046}}{{{ስፍሓት|}}}|{{{ስፍሓት_መሬት|}}}}}|{{{ስፍሓት_መሬት}}} ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.|{{#if: {{{ስፍሓት_መሬት|}}}|{{{ስፍሓት_መሬት}}} ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.}}}} |labelstyle44 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle44 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label44 = &nbsp;• ማይ |data44 = {{#if:{{both|{{#property:P2046}}{{{ስፍሓት|}}}|{{{ስፍሓት_ማይ|}}}}}|{{{ስፍሓት_ማይ}}} ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.|{{#if: {{{ስፍሓት_ማይ|}}}|{{{ስፍሓት_ማይ}}} ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.}}}} |labelstyle45 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |datastyle45 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label45 = [[ዶብ]]ባት |data45 = {{{ዶባት|}}} |label46 = [[ኩነታት ኣየር]] |data46 = {{{ኩነታት_ኣየር|}}} |label47 = [[መገዲ ማይ]] |data47 = {{{መገዲ_ማይ|}}} |label48 = [[ብዝሒ ህዝቢ]]{{#if:{{#property:P1082}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት|}}}{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓመት|}}}{{{ቈጸራ_ህዝቢ|}}}|&nbsp; ({{Property|P1082|qualifier=P585|highest_rank=yes|one=yes|link=no|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት|{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓመት|{{{ቈጸራ_ህዝቢ|}}}}}}}}} }}) }}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_መዘኻኸሪታት|}}} |data48 = {{#if:{{#property:P1082}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ|}}}|{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ቦታ|{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ቦታ|}}}}}}|ቦታ {{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ቦታ|{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ቦታ}}}}}}ይ{{#if:{{{ቍጽሪ_ኣካላት|}}}|&nbsp;ናይ {{{ቍጽሪ_ኣካላት}}}}}|&nbsp;}}}} |labelstyle49 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle49 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label49 = &nbsp;• ጠቕላላ |data49 = {{#if: {{#property:P1082}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}} | {{Property|P1082|highest_rank=yes|one=yes|unit format=number| {{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;ተቐመጥቲ}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ምልጣፍ|}}}{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ሰብኡት|}}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ኣንስቲ|}}}|<br />•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ሰብኡት|}}}|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ሰብኡት}}}|''ኣይተረኽበን''}} ሰብኡት<br />•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ኣንስቲ|}}}|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ኣንስቲ}}}|''ኣይተረኽበን''}} ኣንስቲ}} |labelstyle50 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle50 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label50 = &nbsp;• [[ጻዕቂ ህዝቢ|ጻዕቂ]] |data50 = {{#if: {{{ህዝቢ_ጻዕቂ|}}}{{{ጻዕቂ|}}} | {{{ህዝቢ_ጻዕቂ|{{{ጻዕቂ}}}}}} ተቐመጥቲ/ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.{{{ጻዕቂ_ምልጣፍ|}}} | {{#if: {{both|{{#property:P1082}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}|{{#property:P2046}}}} }} }} |labelstyle52 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle52 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label52 = &nbsp;• ከተማዊ |data52 = {{#if:{{#property:P1082}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}|{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ከተማዊ|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ከተማዊ}}}}} ተቐመጥቲ}} }} |labelstyle53 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle53 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label53 = &nbsp;• ርእሰ ከተማዊ |data53 = {{#if:{{#property:P1082}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}|{{#if:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ርእሰ_ከተማዊ|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ርእሰ_ከተማዊ}}}}} ተቐመጥቲ}} }} |label55 = ስም ተቐመጥቲ |data55 = {{{ስም_ተቐመጥቲ|}}} |label56 = [[ባጤራ]] |data56 = {{{ባጤራ|}}} |label57 = [[ዞባ ግዜ]] |data57 = {{Property|P421|{{{ግዜ|}}}|priority=no}} |labelstyle58 = border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100 |datastyle58 = border:0;padding:1px 7px |label58 = &nbsp;• ኣብ [[ግዜ ክረምቲ|ክረምቲ]] |data58 = {{#if:{{#property:P421}}{{{ግዜ|}}}|{{{ግዜ_ክረምቲ|}}}}} |label59 = {{#switch: {{#property:P17}} | ኣርጀንቲና = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ብራዚል = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ቺሌ = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ኮሎምብያ = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ስጳኛ = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ኣመሪካ = [[ዚፕ ኮድ]] | ህንዲ = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ሜክሲኮ = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ኒካራጓ = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ፔሩ = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | #default = {{{ጶስጣዊ ኮድ ስም|{{{ጶስጣዊ_ኮድ_ስም|[[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]]}}}}}} }} |data59 = {{#if: {{#property:P281}}{{{ጶስጣዊ ኮድ|}}}{{{ጶስጣዊ_ኮድ|}}} | <span class="postal-code">{{Property|P281| {{{ጶስጣዊ ኮድ|{{{ጶስጣዊ_ኮድ}}}}}} |priority=yes}}</span>}}{{ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ንኡስ ሃገራዊ ኣካል/መወከሲታት|P281}} |label60 = {{#switch: {{#property:P17}} | ኣመሪካ = [[ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ|ኮድ ከባቢ]] | ሜክሲኮ = [[ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ]] | #default = {{{ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ_ስም|{{{ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ ስም|[[ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ]]}}}}}} }} |data60 = {{Property|P473| {{{ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ|{{{ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ|{{{ቅድመ ጥብቆ|{{{ተለፎናዊ_ኮድ|}}}}}}}}}}}} | priority=yes}}{{ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ንኡስ ሃገራዊ ኣካል/መወከሲታት|P473}} |label61 = [[ኣይሶ 3166-2]] |data61 = {{{ኮድ_ኣይሶ|{{{ኮድ ኣይሶ|}}}}}} |label63 = {{{ስም_ኮድ1|{{{ዓይነት_ኮድ1|ኮድ}}}}}} |data63 = {{{ኮድ1|{{{ኮድ|}}}}}} |label64 = {{{ስም_ኮድ2|{{{ዓይነት_ኮድ2|ኮድ}}}}}} |data64 = {{#if:{{{ኮድ1|{{{ኮድ|}}}}}}|{{{ኮድ2|}}}}} |label65 = በዓላት |data65 = {{{በዓላት|{{{በዓላት|}}}}}} |label66 = [[ማንታ ከተማ|ማንታ]] ምስ |data66 = {{#if:{{{ማንታነት|}}}| {{{ማንታነት}}} }} |label67 = [[ቅዱስ ጸዋኒ|ጸዋኒ(ት)]] |data67 = {{Property|P417|{{{ጸዋኒ|{{{ጸዋኒት|}}}}}} }} |label100 = {{{ሜዳ1_ስም|}}} |data100 = {{{ሜዳ1|}}} |label101 = {{{ሜዳ2_ስም|}}} |data101 = {{{ሜዳ2|}}} |label102 = {{{ሜዳ3_ስም|}}} |data102 = {{{ሜዳ3|}}} |label103 = {{{ሜዳ4_ስም|}}} |data103 = {{{ሜዳ4|}}} |label104 = {{{ሜዳ5_ስም|}}} |data104 = {{{ሜዳ5|}}} |label105 = {{{ሜዳ6_ስም|}}} |data105 = {{{ሜዳ6|}}} |label106 = {{{ሜዳ7_ስም|}}} |data106 = {{{ሜዳ7|}}} |label107 = {{{ሜዳ8_ስም|}}} |data107 = {{{ሜዳ8|}}} |label108 = {{{ሜዳ9_ስም|}}} |data108 = {{{ሜዳ9|}}} |data109 = {{#if:{{{Property|P856|{{{ገጽ መርበብ|{{{መርበብ|}}}}}}}}|[{{#if:{{{ገጽ መርበብ|{{{መርበብ|}}}}}}|http://{{{ገጽ መርበብ|{{{መርበብ}}}}}}|{{Property|P856}}}} ወግዓዊት መርበብ ሓበሬታ {{{ገጽ መርበብ_1_ዓይነት|}}}]}}{{#if:{{{ገጽ መርበብ_2|{{{መርበብ2|}}}}}}|<br />[http://{{{ገጽ መርበብ_2|{{{መርበብ2}}}}}} ወግዓዊት መርበብ ሓበሬታ {{{ገጽ መርበብ_2_ዓይነት|}}}]}} |data110 = {{#if:{{{ኣባል_ናይ|}}}|ኣባል ናይ፦ {{{ኣባል_ናይ}}}}} |data111 = {{{infobox son|}}} |bottomimage = {{{ታሕተዋይ_ምስሊ|}}} |bottomimagesize = {{{ታሕተዋይ_ምስሊ_መጠን|}}} |bottomfooter = {{{ታሕተዋይ_ምስሊ_እግሪ|}}} |bottomfooterstyle = font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold |tablefooterclass = |tablefooterstyle = text-align:left; font-size:95%; line-height:1.2em |tablefooter = {{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ1|}}}|<sup id="infobox_note_1">1</sup>{{{መዘኻኸሪ1}}} {{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ2|}}}|<br /><sup id="infobox_note_2">2</sup>{{{መዘኻኸሪ2}}} {{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ3|}}}|<br /><sup id="infobox_note_3">3</sup>{{{መዘኻኸሪ3}}} {{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ4|}}}|<br /><sup id="infobox_note_4">4</sup>{{{መዘኻኸሪ4}}} {{#if:{{{መዘኻኸሪ5|}}}|<br /><sup id="infobox_note_5">5</sup>{{{መዘኻኸሪ5}}} }}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{both|{{{መዘኻኸሪ1|}}}|{{{መዘኻኸሪታት|}}}}}|<br />{{{መዘኻኸሪታት}}}|{{{መዘኻኸሪታት|}}}}} }}<!-- ** Maintenance categories ** -->{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}} | {{#if:{{#property:P625}} | {{#if:{{{መስተማእዛኒታት|}}}{{{coord|}}}{{{coor|}}}{{{latd|}}}{{{lat|}}}{{{ማእገር|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with local coordinates]] }} | {{#if:{{{መስተማእዛኒታት|}}}{{{coord|}}}{{{coor|}}}{{{latd|}}}{{{lat|}}}{{{ማእገር|}}} | | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles needing coordinates]] }} }} }}{{#if: {{{ካርታ_ቦታ|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with parameter 1]] }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{Both|{{#property:P17}}|{{{ሃገር|{{{ዓዲ|}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P36}}|{{{ርእሰ_ከተማ|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P41}}|{{{ምስሊ_ባንዴራ|{{{ባንዴራ|}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P94}}|{{{ምስሊ_ኣርማ|{{{ኣርማ|}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P163}}|{{{ጽሑፍ ባንዴራ|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P237}}|{{{ጽሑፍ ኣርማ|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P242}}|{{{ካርታ|}}}{{{image_map|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P281}}|{{{ጶስጣዊ ኮድ|}}}{{{ጶስጣዊ_ኮድ|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P421}}|{{{ግዜ|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P473}}|{{{ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ|}}}{{{ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ|}}}{{{ቅድመ ጥብቆ|}}}{{{ተለፎናዊ_ኮድ|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P1082}}|{{{ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ|}}}{{{ብዝሒ ህዝቢ|}}} }}<!-- -->{{Both|{{#property:P2046}}|{{{ስፍሓት|}}} }}<!-- -->{{{ርእሰ_ከተማ_መስተማእዛኒታት|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with infobox without updating]] }}{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|| {{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:{{{img_panorama_urb|{{{image_skyline|{{{ምስሊ|}}}}}}}}}|no|0|{{#if:{{{img_panorama_urb|{{{image_skyline|{{{ምስሊ|}}}}}}}}}|1|{{#if:{{#property:P18}}|1|0}}}}}} > 0 || [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles without image in subnational entity]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> pyxyb7dt4mnn2af5zsn3zq9xsyi6olu 10 5447 21984 2021-01-20T02:04:27Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly> <table style="border:{{{ወሰን|1}}}px solid {{{ሕብሪ_ወሰን|black}}}" bgcolor={{{ሕብሪ|black}}} cellspacing="0" align="{{{ኣ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> <table style="border:{{{ወሰን|1}}}px solid {{{ሕብሪ_ወሰን|black}}}" bgcolor={{{ሕብሪ|black}}} cellspacing="0" align="{{{ኣቀማምጣ|right}}}"> <tr><td style="padding:{{{ክፍተት|1}}}px 0px 0px {{{ክፍተት|1}}}px"> {{#if:{{{ስእሊ5a|}}}| {{ሞደል:Photomontage/Horizontal|መጠን={{{መጠን|200}}}|ክፍተት={{{ክፍተት|1}}}|ብዝሒ={{#expr:{{#if:{{{ስእሊ1c|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{ስእሊ1b|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{ስእሊ1c|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{ስእሊ1d|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{ስእሊ1e|}}}|1|0}}}}|ሕብሪ={{{ሕብሪ|black}}}|{{{ስእሊ1a|}}}|{{{ስእሊ1b|}}}|{{{ስእሊ1c|}}}|{{{ስእሊ1d|}}}|{{{ስእሊ1e|}}}}} 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9ybdpojef677t2ppzjgj9fdpgpjiqw2 10 5448 21985 2021-01-20T02:08:41Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<table style="border:0px" bgcolor={{{ሕብሪ|black}}} cellspacing="0" > <tr> {{#switch:{{{ብዝሒ}}} |1= <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {...» wikitext text/x-wiki <table style="border:0px" bgcolor={{{ሕብሪ|black}}} cellspacing="0" > <tr> {{#switch:{{{ብዝሒ}}} |1= <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{1}}}|{{{መጠን}}}px]]</td> |2= <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{1}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{2}}}|{{#expr:{{{መጠን}}}-(((({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0) + {{{ክፍተት}}}) *({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1)}}px]]</td> |3= <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{1}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{2}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{3}}}|{{#expr:{{{መጠን}}}-(((({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0) + {{{ክፍተት}}}) *({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1)}}px]]</td> |4= <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{1}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{2}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{3}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{4}}}|{{#expr:{{{መጠን}}}-(((({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0) + {{{ክፍተት}}}) *({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1)}}px]]</td> |5= <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{1}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{2}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{3}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{4}}}|{{#expr:(({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0}}px]]</td> <td style="padding:0px {{{ክፍተት}}}px {{{ክፍተት}}}px 0px">[[ፋይል:{{{5}}}|{{#expr:{{{መጠን}}}-(((({{{መጠን}}}-{{{ክፍተት}}}*({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1))/{{{ብዝሒ}}}) round 0) + {{{ክፍተት}}}) *({{{ብዝሒ}}}-1)}}px]]</td> }} </tr> </table> <noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 810cngnnq1257qyf0hea596hm9pjtl5 10 5449 21986 2021-01-20T10:11:26Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] 09pcckpg6brpo63bb2l6fnn31h9kz69 10 5450 21988 21987 2021-01-20T10:24:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Hs]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="display:none;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> rfnhhslzaooi4ye78sceusnok4hu7f2 10 5451 21989 2021-01-20T11:08:07Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቫለንስያ (ቬኔዝዌላ) | flag alias = Bandera de Valencia (Venezuela).jpg | size =...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቫለንስያ (ቬኔዝዌላ) | flag alias = Bandera de Valencia (Venezuela).jpg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = ቫለንስያ | alt = {{{alt|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} }}<noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Country data ቬኔዝዌላ|ቫለንስያ]] </noinclude> mjf3faohhxn7dqenua1rb5eqkk1owd4 10 5452 24649 24271 2023-12-12T11:09:31Z CommonsDelinker 65 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_Caracas_(2022).svg|Flag_of_Caracas_(2022).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Taivo|Taivo]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]] ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]): [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ወረዳ--> |A = [[ርእሰ ከተማዊ ወረዳ (ቬኔዝዌላ)|ርእሰ ከተማዊ ወረዳ]] <!--ክፍለ ሃገራት--> |B = [[ፋይል:Flag of Anzoátegui State (original version).svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ኣንዝዋተጊ|ኣንዝዋተጊ]] |C = [[ፋይል:Flag of Apure State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ኣፑረ|ኣፑረ]] |D = [[ፋይል:Flag of Aragua State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ኣራጓ|ኣራጓ]] |E = [[ፋይል:Flag of Barinas State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ባሪናስ|ባሪናስ]] |F = [[ፋይል:Flag of Bolívar State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ቦሊቫር|ቦሊቫር]] |G = [[ፋይል:Flag of Carabobo State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ካራቦቦ|ካራቦቦ]] |H = [[ፋይል:Flag of Cojedes State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ኮሄደስ|ኮሄደስ]] |I = [[ፋይል:Flag of Falcón.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ፋልኮን|ፋልኮን]] |J = [[ፋይል:Flag of Guárico.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ጓሪኮ|ጓሪኮ]] |K = [[ፋይል:Flag of Lara State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ላራ|ላራ]] |L = [[ፋይል:Flag of Mérida State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር መሪዳ|መሪዳ]] |M = [[ፋይል:Flag of Miranda state.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ሚራንዳ|ሚራንዳ]] |N = [[ፋይል:Flag of Monagas State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ሞናጋስ|ሞናጋስ]] |O = [[ፋይል:Flag of Nueva Esparta.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ንወቫ ስፓርታ|ንወቫ ስፓርታ]] |P = [[ፋይል:Flag of Portuguesa.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ፖርቱገሳ|ፖርቱገሳ]] |R = [[ፋይል:Flag of Sucre State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ሱክረ|ሱክረ]] |S = [[ፋይል:Flag of Táchira.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ታቺራ|ታቺራ]] |T = [[ፋይል:Flag of Trujillo State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ትሩህዮ|ትሩህዮ]] |U = [[ፋይል:Flag of Yaracuy State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ያራኩይ|ያራኩይ]] |V = [[ፋይል:Flag of Zulia State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ዙልያ|ዙልያ]] |W = [[ፋይል:Federal dependencies of Venezuela's Flag.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ፈደራላዊ ተመርኳስነታት ቬኔዝዌላ|ፈደራላዊ ተመርኳስነታት]] |X = [[ፋይል:Flag of Vargas State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ቫርጋስ|ቫርጋስ]] |Y = [[ፋይል:Flag of Delta Amacuro State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ደልታ ኣማኩሮ|ደልታ ኣማኩሮ]] <!--ተመርኳስነታት--> |Z = [[ፋይል:Flag of Amazonas Indigenous State.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ክፍለ ሃገር ኣማዞናስ|ኣማዞናስ]] |SC = [[ፋይል:Bandera San Cristobal.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ሳን ክሪስቶባል (ቬኔዝዌላ)|ሳን ክሪስቶባል]] |VN = {{flagcountry|ቫለንስያ (ቬኔዝዌላ)}} |BR = [[ፋይል:Flag of Barcelona, Venezuela.jpg|border|link=|20px]] [[ባርሰሎና (ቬኔዝዌላ)|ባርሰሎና]] |#default = {{hs|{{{1|ቬኔዝዌላ}}}}}[[ፋይል:Flag of Venezuela.svg|border|link=|20px]] [[ቬኔዝዌላ|{{{1|ቬኔዝዌላ}}}]] }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> jdww8lxvjtyenc87hoxz04gw1m3mmgo 10 5454 21995 2021-01-20T14:32:41Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = ቬኔዝዌላ | top = 12.8 | bottom = 0.4 | left = -73.6 | right = -59.6 | image = Venezuela location map.svg | ቅ...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = ቬኔዝዌላ | top = 12.8 | bottom = 0.4 | left = -73.6 | right = -59.6 | image = Venezuela location map.svg | ቅርጻ_መሬት = Venezuela relief location map.jpg }}<noinclude> {{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ቬኔዝዌላ| ]] </noinclude> ew0xprt4pu76vnslmrvwg25i8ynav96 10 5455 22004 2021-01-20T23:59:09Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ፓራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ፓራጓይ]] o7kqhicdc8155chqm5rf4r7bn0f1p3m 10 5456 22005 2021-01-20T23:59:18Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ፓራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ፓራጓይ]] o7kqhicdc8155chqm5rf4r7bn0f1p3m 10 5457 22006 2021-01-21T00:00:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ብራዚል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ብራዚል]] 3iellnsrv0ki1n62szd1zabvsybvovq 10 5458 24766 22007 2024-05-08T03:38:16Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Argentina_(alternative).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Argentina_(civil).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣርጀንቲና | flag alias = Flag of Argentina.svg | flag alias-alt = Flag of Argentina (civil).svg | link alias-naval = Argentine Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኣርጀንቲና | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = alt | redir1 = ARG | redir2 = AR </noinclude> }} dqirpzddllaljss64zabc3pk2mifpj1 10 5459 22008 2021-01-21T00:06:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርጀንቲና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርጀንቲና]] je6nd8q538tleaf8e34hgdoyweqav40 10 5460 22009 2021-01-21T00:06:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርጀንቲና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣርጀንቲና]] je6nd8q538tleaf8e34hgdoyweqav40 10 5461 22011 2021-01-21T00:10:18Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሜክሲኮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሜክሲኮ]] hx2jujmfu43fd3armz2pmvri9hoe1gg 10 5462 22012 2021-01-21T00:10:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሜክሲኮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሜክሲኮ]] hx2jujmfu43fd3armz2pmvri9hoe1gg 10 5463 22013 2021-01-21T00:11:32Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ጓቲማላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ጓቲማላ]] b0j0qbffbjnvi64esn2btwj64oo1sj0 10 5464 22014 2021-01-21T00:11:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ጓቲማላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ጓቲማላ]] b0j0qbffbjnvi64esn2btwj64oo1sj0 10 5465 22016 2021-01-21T00:15:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ፓናማ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ፓናማ]] j9q9pbsz605q6hahr8l1tizxj839mjj 10 5466 22017 2021-01-21T00:16:47Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኮስታ ሪካ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኮስታ ሪካ]] fx2d65qj9e1ymka4n2l6jmqd8hxpu3u 10 5467 22018 2021-01-21T00:16:54Z Joanmp14 5782 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2egktbkripma0sd4o2erqecgaxyg0xm 10 5494 22051 2021-01-21T01:09:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሆንዱራስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሆንዱራስ]] iv8of4tuvyjckjnqc37cm6uxr28e71w 10 5495 22052 2021-01-21T01:09:08Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሆንዱራስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሆንዱራስ]] iv8of4tuvyjckjnqc37cm6uxr28e71w 10 5496 22054 2021-01-21T01:10:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] evrgj0wm83xuicxgojrywu64ahdfnxl 10 5497 22055 2021-01-21T01:10:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] evrgj0wm83xuicxgojrywu64ahdfnxl 10 5498 22056 2021-01-21T01:10:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሩማንያ]] evrgj0wm83xuicxgojrywu64ahdfnxl 10 5499 22057 2021-01-21T01:11:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኢራን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኢራን]] dcnxtvb8e1xanymv3vaah4vncyki02k 10 5500 22058 2021-01-21T01:11:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኢራን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኢራን]] dcnxtvb8e1xanymv3vaah4vncyki02k 10 5501 22059 2021-01-21T01:12:55Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣይስላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣይስላንድ]] 7bgvc2cnqswzhhrtuttq4o8qdk61w4k 10 5502 22060 2021-01-21T01:14:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቤላሩስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቤላሩስ]] 41o4dqxui8d4yx3l0kehvgg0gu4a4kl 10 5504 22065 22064 2021-01-22T00:15:47Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Nowrap]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span style="white-space:nowrap">{{{1}}}</span></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> rhfl5ik7u8jz1a946wlbx4cngy7aa7s 828 5505 24400 24395 2023-06-29T14:25:59Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain --[[********************************************************************************* * Name: ሞድዩል:Wikidata * * Description: This module returns the value or values with or without format * specific to a Wikidata property. * * Last revision date: May 2, 2019. * * Status: In use. * Note: Adapted from es.wiki *********************************************************************************`-- ]] local p = {} local datequalifiers = {'P585', 'P571', 'P580', 'P582'} local ti = mw.language.new('ti') local first = true --local mount Eye. mount should not be defined as local because doing so may fail. --[[ ========================================================================= Error messages ========================================================================= `-- ]] local notices = { ["errors"] = { ["property-param-not-provided"] = "Property parameter not provided.", ["entity-not-found"] = "Entry not found.", ["unknown-claim-type"] = "Unknown notification type.", ["unknown-snak-type"] = "Unknown data type.", ["unknown-datavalue-type"] = "Unknown data format.", ["unknown-entity-type"] = "Unknown input type.", ["unknown-value-module"] = "You need to set both value parameters and function module value.", ["value-module-not-found"] = "The module pointed to by value-module was not found.", ["value-function-not-found"] = "The function pointed to by value-function was not found.", ["other entity"] = "Links to different elements disabled." }, ["somevalue"] = "''unknown value''", ["novalue"] = "" } -- Modules and functions used local tableElement = require('Module:Tables').element -- -- Modules in which the most common data types are defined if they are -- different from Wikidata/Formats -- local modulesTypes = { ['height'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Magnitude format', ['area'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Magnitude format', ['flag'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Country formats', ['ዝተማህረ ኣብ'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Education formats', ['image'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Image format', ['place'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Place format', ['placeFormat'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Place format', ['magnitude'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Magnitude format', ['movement'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Movement format', ['periodicity'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Magnitude format', ['award'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Award format', } local modulesComplexTypes = { ['ዜግነት'] = 'Module:Wikidata/Country formats', } --[[ ========================================================================= Function to pass the frame when used in other modules. ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p:setFrame(frame) mount = frame end --[[ ========================================================================= Function to identify the item corresponding to the page or another given. The latter does not work yet. ========================================================================= `-- ]] function EntitySelectionById( id ) if id and id ~= '' then return mw.wikibase.getEntityObject( id ) else return mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() end end --[[ ========================================================================= Function that identifies whether the returned value is an item or a property and based on that add the corresponding prefix ========================================================================= `-- ]] function EntitySelectionByValue( value ) local prefix = '' if value['entity-type'] == 'item' then prefix = 'q' -- Item prefix elseif value['entity-type'] == 'property' then prefix = 'p' -- Property prefix else return errorFormat( 'unknown-entity-type' ) end return prefix .. value['numeric-id'] -- The prefix and the numeric code are concatenated end --[[ ========================================================================= Helper function for formatting error messages ========================================================================= `-- ]] function errorFormat( key ) return '<span class="error">' .. notices.errors[key] .. '</span>' end --[[ ========================================================================= Function to determine range ========================================================================= `-- ]] function getRank(statementsTable) local rank = 'deprecated' for index, statement in pairs(statementsTable) do if statement.rank == 'preferred' then return 'preferred' elseif statement.rank == 'normal' then rank = 'normal' end end return rank end --[[ ========================================================================= Function to determine the highest ranking statement or statements ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p.filterStatementByRank(statementsTable) local rank = getRank(statementsTable) local helperTable = statementsTable statementsTable = {} for index, statement in pairs(helperTable) do if statement.rank == rank then table.insert(statementsTable, statement) end end return statementsTable end --[[ ========================================================================= Function to select the type of statement: Reference, main value or qualifier ========================================================================= `-- ]] function statementSelection(statement, options) local source = {} local propertySource = {} local qualifier = options.qualifierFormat ~= '()' and options.qualifier if qualifier ~= '' and qualifier and statement['qualifiers'] then if statement['qualifiers'][mw.ustring.upper(qualifier)] then return statement.qualifiers[mw.ustring.upper(qualifier)][1] -- returns the qualifier (will only return the first value) else return "" --So that it does not throw exception if the qualifier does not exist end elseif options.info == 'source' and statement['references'] then source = statement.references[1]['snaks'] for k,v in pairs(source) do propertySource = k end return statement.references[1]['snaks'][propertySource][1] -- returns the source (the table is left to roam) elseif (qualifier == '' or not qualifier) and (options.info ~= 'source') then return statement.mainsnak -- returns the main value else return '' end end --[[ ========================================================================= Function to collect statements ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p.getStatements(entityId) -- == We check that there is an item linked to the page in Wikidata == if not pcall (EntitySelectionById, entityId ) then return false end local entity = EntitySelectionById(entityId) if not entity then return '' -- If the page is not linked to an item it does not return anything end -- == We check that the item has statements (claims) == if not entity.claims then return '' -- If the item has no statements it does not return anything end -- == Format statement and clean concatenated == return entity.claims end --[[ ========================================================================= Function to create the string that the statement will return ========================================================================= `-- ]] local function valinQualif(claim, qualifs) local claimqualifs = claim.qualifiers local i,qualif local vals, vals1, datavalue, value if not claimqualifs then return nil end for i, qualif in pairs(qualifs) do vals = claimqualifs[qualif] if vals then vals1 = vals[1] if vals1 then datavalue=vals1.datavalue if datavalue then value = datavalue.value if value then return value.time end end end end end end function p.getProperty(options, statement) local property = {} -- Resolve property aliases if options.property == 'ትኽክልነት' or options.property == 'ማእገር' or options.property == 'ዝንግሪር' then --latitude, longitude or precision --Earth property = 'P625' -- Moon if mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() and mw.wikibase.getEntityObject():formatPropertyValues("p376")["value"] == 'ወርሒ' then property = 'P8981' end else property = options.property -- In the rest of the cases the given is read end if not property then -- We check if the given property exists and otherwise an error is returned return errorFormat( 'property-param-not-provided' ) end local orderedTable if statement then orderedTable = statement elseif mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(tostring(options.entityId)) and mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(tostring(property)) then orderedTable = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements( options.entityId, mw.ustring.upper(property) ) if not orderedTable[1] then return '' end else return '' end -- Function that separates the string 'inputstr' using a 'sep' separator function split(inputstr, sep) sep=sep or '%s' local t={} for field,s in string.gmatch(inputstr, "([^"..sep.."]*)("..sep.."?)") do table.insert(t,field) if s=="" then return t end end end -- Apply qualifier filter if (options.qualifierFilter ~= nil and options.qualifierFilter ~= '') then local opts = split(options.qualifierFilter, ';') local negative = false if (#opts > 2) then if (opts[3]=='n') then negative = true elseif (opts[3]=='p') then negative = false end end orderedTable = p.qualifiersFilter(orderedTable, opts[1], split(opts[2], ',')) end -- Apply value filter if (options.valueFilter ~= nil and options.valueFilter ~= '') then local opts = split(options.valueFilter, ';') local negative = false if (#opts > 1) then if (opts[2]=='n') then negative = true elseif (opts[2]=='p') then negative = false end end orderedTable = p.valuesFilter(orderedTable, split(opts[1], ','), negative) end -- Apply format function local Module, feature feature = options['ዋጋ-ተግባር'] or options['value-function'] or options['feature'] if feature then Module = modulesComplexTypes[feature] if Module then return require(Module)[feature](orderedTable, options) end end -- Prevent it from crashing when the find is done in options['textFormat'] if it is nil if not options['textFormat'] then options['textFormat'] = '' end --Leave in his case the highest ranking values if (options.highestRank == 'yes') then orderedTable = p.filterStatementByRank(orderedTable) end -- Sort by qualifier "order within series" if options.toOrder == 'yes' then require('Module:Tables').toOrder(orderedTable, function(element1,element2) local order1 = valinQualif(element1, { 'P1545' }) or '' -- element1.qualifiers.P1545[1].datavalue.value or '' local order2 = valinQualif(element2, { 'P1545' }) or '' -- element2.qualifiers.P1545[1].datavalue.value or '' return order1 < order2 end ) end --Sort by date. See the chronosort function of :fr:Module:Wikidata/Récup if options.toOrder == 'ብዕለት' then require('Module:Tables').toOrder(orderedTable, function(element1,element2) local date1 = valinQualif(element1, datequalifiers) or '' -- element1.qualifiers.P580[1].datavalue.value.time or '' local date2 = valinQualif(element2, datequalifiers) or '' -- element2.qualifiers.P580[1].datavalue.value.time or '' return date1 < date2 end ) end if not orderedTable[1] then return end -- == If you only want it to return a value == -- Pending delete the parameter and replace it with a new value of the list=no parameter that would do the same as options.one = yes if options.one == 'yes' then -- To return the value of index 1 orderedTable = {orderedTable[1]} elseif options.one == 'last' then -- To return the last entry in the table orderedTable = {orderedTable[#orderedTable]} end -- == We create a table with the values that it will return == local statementsFormat = {} local thereAreStatements for index, statement in pairs(orderedTable) do formattedStatement = p.statementFormat(statement, options) if formattedStatement and formattedStatement ~= '' then table.insert(statementsFormat, formattedStatement) thereAreStatements = true end end first = true if not thereAreStatements then return end -- Format the list of values based on the list type of the -- options return p.listFormat(statementsFormat, options) end -- Function used to check if an entity has a property with a -- specific value -- Parameters: -- · entity: wikidata entity table -- · property: wikidata identifier for the property -- · value: property value on Wikidata function p.hasPropertyValue(entity, property, value) if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims[property] then local mainsnak for key,value in ipairs(entity.claims[property]) do if value and value.mainsnak then mainsnak = value.mainsnak if mainsnak.datatype == 'wikibase-item' and mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' and mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == value then return true end end end end return false end -- Function used to return the legend (P2096) of an image (P18) in Wikidata in a certain language -- The function is called like this: {{#invoke:Wikidata |getImageCaption | <PARAMETER> | lang=<ISO-639code> |id=<QID>}} -- Returns PARAMETER, unless it is equal to "FETCH_WIKIDATA", from the QID object (resource consuming call) -- If QID is omitted or empty, the current article is used (call that does NOT consume resources) -- If lang is omitted, the local language of the wiki is used by default, otherwise the language of the ISO-639 code -- ISO-639 is documented here: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E13214_01/wli/docs92/xref/xqisocodes.html#wp1252447 -- The ranking is: 'preferred' > 'normal' and returns the label of the first image with ranking 'preferred' -- Or the label of the first image with ranking 'normal' if there is no 'preferred' -- Ranks: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Wikibase_Client/Lua p.getImageCaption = function(frame) -- search for a specific element in Wikidata (QID), otherwise it is nil local id = frame.args.id if id and (#id == 0) then id = nil end -- finds the language parameter that should contain a two-digit ISO-639 code -- if not declared, it defaults to the local language of the wiki (ti) local lang = frame.args.lang if (not lang) or (#lang < 2) then lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code end -- the first unnamed parameter is the local parameter, if declared local input_parm = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") if input_parm == "FETCH_WIKIDATA" or input_parm == "" or input_parm == nil then local ent = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(id) local imgs if ent and ent.claims then imgs = ent.claims.P18 end local imglbl if imgs then -- looks an image with ranking 'preferred' for k1, v1 in pairs(imgs) do if v1.rank == "preferred" and v1.qualifiers and v1.qualifiers.P2096 then local imglbls = v1.qualifiers.P2096 for k2, v2 in pairs(imglbls) do if v2.datavalue.value.language == lang then imglbl = v2.datavalue.value.text break end end end end -- if there aren't any, looks for one with ranking 'normal' if (not imglbl) then for k1, v1 in pairs(imgs) do if v1.rank == "normal" and v1.qualifiers and v1.qualifiers.P2096 then local imglbls = v1.qualifiers.P2096 for k2, v2 in pairs(imglbls) do if v2.datavalue.value.language == lang then imglbl = v2.datavalue.value.text break end end end end end end return imglbl else return input_parm end end -- Function that returns the value of entity.claims[propertyId][occurrence].mainsnak.datavalue.value.text -- with entity.claims[propertyId][occurrence].mainsnak.datavalue.value.language = 'ti' -- Useful for getting property values of type monolingualtext function p.getPropertyInTigrinya(idEntity, propertyId) -- See cs:Modul:Wikidata/item formatEntityWithGender -- local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(idEntity) if not entity then return end local statement = tableElement(entity,'claims', propertyId) if not statement then return end local value for k,v in pairs(statement) do value = tableElement(v,'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value') if value.language == 'ti' then return value.text end end end -- returns the id of the page in Wikidata (Q...), or nothing if the page is not connected to Wikidata function p.pageId(frame) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil else return entity.id end end function p.categorize(options, statement) -- Prevent it from crashing when the find is done in options['textFormat'] if it is nil if not options['textFormat'] then options['textFormat'] = '' end local categoryOptions=options['መደብ'] if not categoryOptions then return '' end options['link'] = 'no' -- Create a table with property values. local statementValues = {} if statement then statementValues = statement elseif options.property then local property = {} if options.property == 'ትኽክልነት' or options.property == 'ማእገር' or options.property == 'ዝንግሪር' then property = 'P625' -- If we give the latitude, longitude or precision value, it will be equivalent to giving p625 else property = options.property -- In the rest of the cases the given is read end if not p.getStatements(options.entityId) then return errorFormat( 'other entity' ) elseif p.getStatements(options.entityId)[mw.ustring.upper(property)] then statementValues = p.getStatements(options.entityId)[mw.ustring.upper(property)] else return '' end else return '' end -- We create a table with each category from each value of the statement local categories = {} local thereAreCategories if type(categoryOptions) == 'string' then local ModulePage = require('Module:Page') for index, value in pairs(statementValues) do formattedValue = p.formatStatement(value, options) if formattedValue ~= '' then category = ModulePage.categoryExists(categoryOptions:gsub('$1',formattedValue)) if category then table.insert(categories, category) thereAreCategories = true end end end elseif type(categoryOptions) == 'table' then for index, value in pairs(statementValues) do category = categoryOptions[tableElement(value, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'numeric-id')] if category then table.insert(categories, 'መደብ:' .. category) thereAreCategories = true end end end if thereAreCategories then return '[[' .. mw.text.listToText( categories, ']][[',']][[') .. ']]' end return '' end --[[ ========================================================================= Function that filters the values of a property and returns only those that have the qualifier "qualifier" indicated with one of the values "values" ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p.qualifiersFilter(t, qualifier, values, negative) local f = {} -- Table to be returned with the filter result for k,v in pairs(t) do local counts = false if(v["qualifiers"] ~= nil and v["qualifiers"][qualifier] ~= nil) then for k2,v2 in pairs(v["qualifiers"][qualifier]) do -- Check if the identifier of the qualifier value is in the list for k3,v3 in pairs(values) do if (v2["datavalue"] ~= nil and v2["datavalue"]["value"] ~= nil and v2["datavalue"]["value"]["id"] ~= nil and v3 == v2["datavalue"]["value"]["id"])then counts = true -- If it is mark as true end end end end if counts and not negative then -- If one of the qualifier values gave true, the element is inserted table.insert(f, v) elseif not counts and negative then -- If none of the qualifier values gave true, the element is inserted table.insert(f, v) end end return f end --[[ ========================================================================= Function that filters the values of a property and returns only those that have one of the values "values" ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p.valuesFilter(t, values, negative) local f = {} -- Table to be returned with the filter result for k,v in pairs(t) do local counts = false if(v["mainsnak"]["datavalue"]["value"]["id"] ~= nil) then for k2,v2 in pairs(values) do if (v2 == v["mainsnak"]["datavalue"]["value"]["id"])then counts = true -- If it is mark as true end end end if counts and not negative then -- If one of the qualifier values gave true, the element is inserted table.insert(f, v) elseif not counts and negative then -- If none of the qualifier values gave true, the element is inserted table.insert(f, v) end end return f end --[[ ========================================================================= Function that checks if the page is linked to Wikidata if it is, pass the value as an argument to the formatSnak function() ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p.statementFormat( statement, options) if not statement.type or statement.type ~= 'statement' then -- It is verified that it has a type value and that this is a statement which happens whenever the property exists return errorFormat( 'unknown-claim-type' ) -- If it is not fulfilled, it returns an error end -- If there is a qualifier, it is returned to the right of the value of the -- statement in parentheses. local qualifying = options.qualifying or options.qualifier if qualifying and statement.qualifiers then -- At the moment the qualifiers, normally years, are not linked local qualifyingOptions = {['textFormat']='', link='no', ['dateFormat']='ዓመት'} -- Pending local wQualifyingValue local wQualifyingValueFormatted local qualifyingFunction, errorMessage = getFeature(qualifying, options['qualifying module']) if errorMessage then return errorMessage elseif qualifyingFunction then -- Use the received function on all qualifiers wQualifyingValue = statement.qualifiers wQualifyingValueFormatted = qualifyingFunction(wQualifyingValue, qualifyingOptions) elseif options.qualifierFormat and options.qualifierFormat == '()' then wQualifyingValue = statement.qualifiers[mw.ustring.upper(qualifying)] if wQualifyingValue and wQualifyingValue[1] then wQualifyingValueFormatted = p.dataFormat(wQualifyingValue[1], qualifyingOptions) end elseif options.qualifierFormat and table.getn(mw.text.split(options.qualifierFormat, '%.')) == 2 then formatQualifierModule = mw.text.split(options.qualifierFormat, '%.') formatted = require ('Module:' .. formatQualifierModule[1]) if not formatted then return errorFormat( 'value-module-not-found' ) end fun = formatted[formatQualifierModule[2]] if not fun then return errorFormat( 'value-function-not-found' ) end if mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'uppercase', plain ) and (first or (options['separator'] and options['separator'] ~= 'null') or (options['list'] and options['list'] ~= '')) then options['uppercase'] = 'yes' first = false end if mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'italics', plain ) then entityOptions.italics = 'yes' end wQualifyingValueFormatted = fun( statement.qualifiers, options, mount) --return require('Module:Tables').tostring(statement) else -- Use the first value of the qualifier of the property received wQualifyingValue = statement.qualifiers[mw.ustring.upper(qualifying)] if wQualifyingValue and wQualifyingValue[1] then wQualifyingValueFormatted = p.dataFormat(wQualifyingValue[1], qualifyingOptions) end end if options.qualifierseparator then separator = options.qualifierseparator else separator = ' ' end if wQualifyingValueFormatted then formattedData = p.dataFormat(statement.mainsnak, options) return (formattedData and formattedData .. '&nbsp;<small>(' .. wQualifyingValueFormatted .. ')</small>') or nil end end -- If there is no qualifying. return p.dataFormat(statementSelection(statement, options), options, statement.qualifiers) end --[[ ========================================================================= Function that checks the data type (snaktype) if it is value, it passes the value as an argument to the dataValueFormat function() ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p.dataFormat( info, options, qualifyings) if not info or info == '' then return '' end if info.snaktype == 'somevalue' then -- Earliest date if qualifyings then if qualifyings['P1319'] and qualifyings['P1319'][1] and qualifyings['P1319'][1].datavalue and qualifyings['P1319'][1].datavalue.type=='time' then local dateOptions={['dateFormat']=options['dateFormat'],link=options.link} return 'post. ' .. require('Module:Wikidata/Date').FormatDateTime(qualifyings['P1319'][1].datavalue.value, dateOptions) end end -- If it does not have a valid qualifier return notices['somevalue'] -- Unknown value elseif info.snaktype == 'novalue' then return notices['novalue'] -- No value elseif info.snaktype == 'value' then return dataValueFormat( info.datavalue, options, qualifyings) -- If it has the data type, the value is passed to the dataValueFormat function() else return errorFormat( 'unknown-snak-type' ) -- Unknown data type end end --[[ ========================================================================= Function that sets the format type based on the value type (dataValue.type) and in case a complementary format is requested associates the module where the format is set and its function that sets it ========================================================================= `-- ]] function dataValueFormat( dataValue, options, qualifyings) local feature, errorMessage = getFeature(options['ዋጋ-ተግባር'] or options['value-function'] or options['feature'], options['value-module'] or options['Module']) if errorMessage then return errorMessage elseif feature then local entityOptions = {} for k, v in pairs(options) do entityOptions[k] = v end if mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'uppercase', plain ) and (first or (options['separator'] and options['separator'] ~= 'null') or (options['list'] and options['list'] ~= '')) then entityOptions['uppercase'] = 'yes' first = false end if mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'italics', plain ) then entityOptions.italics = 'yes' end return feature(dataValue.value, entityOptions, mount, qualifyings) end -- == Default formats depending on the type of value == -- * For coordinate type when given as property value: latitude, longitude or precision if options.property == 'ማእገር' then return dataValue.value['latitude'] elseif options.property == 'ዝንግሪር' then return dataValue.value['longitude'] elseif options.property == 'ትኽክልነት' then return dataValue.value['precision'] -- * With the rest of the property elseif dataValue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then -- Type: Entity number that can be an item or property local entityOptions = {} if mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'uppercase', plain ) and (first or (options['separator'] and options['separator'] ~= 'null') or (options['list'] and options['list'] ~= '')) then entityOptions['uppercase'] = 'yes' first = false end entityOptions.link = options.link entityOptions.label = options.label entityOptions['itMustExist'] = options['itMustExist'] if mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'italics', plain ) then entityOptions.italics = 'yes' end return p.entityIdFormat( EntitySelectionByValue( dataValue.value ), entityOptions) elseif dataValue.type == 'string' then -- Type: Text string return dataValue.value elseif dataValue.type == 'url' then --URL type (web address) return value.url elseif dataValue.type == 'time' then -- Type: Date/time local dateOptions={['dateFormat']=options['dateFormat'],link=options.link} if mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'] or '','uppercase', plain ) and first then dateOptions['uppercase']='yes' end return require('Module:Wikidata/Date').FormatDateTime(dataValue.value, dateOptions, qualifyings) elseif dataValue.type == 'monolingualtext' then -- Type: monolingual if dataValue.value then if options.language then for k, v in pairs(dataValue) do if v.language == options.language then return v.text end end else return dataValue.value.text end else return '' end elseif dataValue.type == 'quantity' then -- Type: Quantity return require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').unitFormat(dataValue, options) elseif dataValue.value['latitude'] and dataValue.value['longitude'] then -- Type: Coordinates local globe = require('Module:Wikidata/Globes')[dataValue.value.globe] --We concatenate the latitude and longitude values within the Coord template if globe ~= 'earth' then return mount:preprocess('{{coord|' .. dataValue.value['latitude'] .. '|' .. dataValue.value['longitude'] .. '|globe:' .. globe .. '_type:' .. options.kind .. '|display=' .. options.display ..'|format=' .. options.format..'}}') else return mount:preprocess('{{coord|' .. dataValue.value['latitude'] .. '|' .. dataValue.value['longitude'] .. '|type:' .. options.kind .. '|display=' .. options.display ..'|format=' .. options.format..'}}') end else return errorFormat( 'unknown-datavalue-type' ) -- If it is not one of these types, it will return an unknown value error end end --[[ ========================================================================= We format internal links ========================================================================= `-- ]] -- Options: -- - link: Possible values 'yes' or 'no' -- - uppercase: Possible values 'yes' or 'no' -- - italics: Possible values 'yes' or 'no' function p.entityIdFormat(idEntity, options) local link = mw.wikibase.sitelink(idEntity) local label = mw.wikibase.label(idEntity) return require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').toLink(link, label, idEntity, options) end --[[ ========================================================================= Principal function ========================================================================= `-- ]] function p.Wikidata( frame ) mount = frame local args = frame.args if args.value == 'no' then return end local parentArgs = frame:getParent().args -- Copy the arguments local arguments = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do arguments[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(parentArgs) do if not arguments[k] then arguments[k] = v end end --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(arguments) end -- Do not generate the Wikidata value if a local value has been provided and -- the local value is a priority. local wikidataValue; if (args.priority ~= 'yes' or (args.import and args.import == 'no')) and args.value and args.value ~= '' then wikidataValue = ''; else local ent = EntitySelectionById(arguments.entityId) arguments.entityId = ent and ent.id or nil wikidataValue = p.getProperty(arguments, nil); end local categories = ''; local namespace = frame:preprocess('{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}'); if (namespace == '0' and (not args.categories or args.categories ~= 'no') and args.property and string.upper(args.property) ~= 'P18' -- P18: Commons image and string.upper(args.property) ~= 'P41' -- P41: flag image and string.upper(args.property) ~= 'P94' -- P94: coat of arms image and string.upper(args.property) ~= 'P109' -- P109: signature of person and string.upper(args.property) ~= 'P154') then -- P154: logo if wikidataValue ~= '' and args.value and args.value ~= '' then categories = '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with local data]]' elseif wikidataValue and wikidataValue == '' and args.value and args.value ~= '' and (not args.qualifier or args.qualifier == '') and (not args.info or args.info == '' or args.info ~= 'source')then categories = '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with data to transfer to Wikidata]]' end end if args.priority == 'yes' and wikidataValue ~= '' then -- If the value yes is given to priority, the value of Wikidata will take precedence if args.import and args.import == 'no' and args.value and args.value ~= '' then return args.value .. categories elseif wikidataValue then return wikidataValue .. categories -- value that replaces the value of Wikidata parameter 2 else return categories end elseif args.value and args.value ~= '' then return args.value .. categories elseif args.import and args.import == 'no' then return '' elseif wikidataValue then -- If the value is nil an exception is thrown when concatenating return wikidataValue .. categories else return '' end end function getFeature(feature, moduleName) if not feature then return elseif type(feature) == 'function' then -- Use from LUA return feature elseif feature == '' or not moduleName or moduleName == '' then return else -- Use from a template local Module if not moduleName or moduleName == '' or moduleName == 'Wikidata/Formats' then Module = require(modulesTypes[feature] or 'Module:Wikidata/Formats') else Module = require ('Module:' .. moduleName) end if not Module then return nil, errorFormat( 'value-module-not-found' ) elseif not Module[feature] then return nil, errorFormat( 'value-function-not-found' ) else return Module[feature] end end end function p.addLinkback(propertyValue, idEntity, propertyId) local lidEntity if propertyValue and propertyId then lidEntity= (idEntity ~='' and idEntity) or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if lidEntity then return propertyValue .. '<span class=\"wikidata-link noprint\"> [[ፋይል:Blue_pencil.svg|ሓበሬታ ኣብ ዊኪዳታ ርኣይን ኣመሓይሽን|10px|baseline|alt=ሓበሬታ ኣብ ዊኪዳታ ርኣይን ኣመሓይሽን|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. lidEntity .. '?uselang=ti#' .. propertyId .. ']]</span>' else return propertyValue end end function p.listFormat(board, options) if not board or not board[1] then return end local list_type = options.list local pencil if options.linkback == 'yes' and options.entityId and options.property then pencil = '<span class=\"wikidata-link noprint\"> [[ፋይል:Blue_pencil.svg|ሓበሬታ ኣብ ዊኪዳታ ርኣይን ኣመሓይሽን|10px|baseline|alt=ሓበሬታ ኣብ ዊኪዳታ ርኣይን ኣመሓይሽን|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' .. options.entityId .. '?uselang=ti#' .. options.property .. ']]</span>' else pencil = '' end if not board[2] then -- If the table only has one element, return it return board[1] .. pencil end if list_type == 'not ordered' or list_type == 'ordered' or list_type == 'nobullet' then local list = mw.text.listToText( board, '</li><li>', '</li><li>' ) if list_type == 'not ordered' then return '<ul><li>' .. list .. pencil .. '</li></ul>' elseif list_type == 'ordered' then return '<ol><li>' .. list .. pencil .. '</li></ol>' else return '<ul style="list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none;margin-left:0;padding-left:0"><li>' .. list .. pencil .. '</li></ul>' end else local separators = { [''] = '', ['፣'] = '፣ ', ['null'] = '፣ ', ['no'] = '' } local conjunctions = { [''] = '', ['ከምኡ’ውን'] = ' ከምኡ’ውን ', ['ወይ'] = ' ወይ ', ['null'] = ' ከምኡ’ውን ', ['no'] = '' } local separator = options.separator local conjunction = options['conjunction'] if not separator then separator = '፣ ' else separator = separators[separator] or separator end if not conjunction then conjunction = ' ከምኡ’ውን ' else conjunction = conjunctions[conjunction] or conjunction end if conjunction == ' ከምኡ’ውን ' and mount and board[2] then end return mw.text.listToText( board, separator, conjunction ) .. pencil end end -- Existing functions in other modules function p.getWikidataLabel(entity, fallback) if not entity then entity = fallback end if entity and entity.labels and entity.labels.ti then return entity.labels.ti.value end end function p.getWikidataImage(entity, property) local image, imageValue, imageFooters, k, imageFooter if not entity then return end -- Get the first Wikidata image of the person local image = tableElement(entity, 'claims', property, 1) --[[ -- Get the image object, either first, last (WIP) or by date (WIP) local image = (function() local ImagenObj = tableElement(entity, 'claims', propertyId) if options.toOrder == 'ብዕለት' then -- end return tableElement(ImagenObj, 1) end)() --]] if not image then return end imageValue = tableElement(image, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value') imageFooters = tableElement(image, 'qualifiers', 'P2096') -- Find footer in Tigrinya if imageFooters then for k,imageFooter in pairs(imageFooters) do if imageFooter.datavalue.value.language == 'ti' then return imageValue, imageFooter.datavalue.value.text end end end -- If there is no footer in tigrinya, check if there is a specified date for the image imageFooters = tableElement(image, 'qualifiers', 'P585') if imageFooters and imageFooters[1] then return imageValue, 'ኣብ ' .. require('Module:Wikidata/Date').FormatDateTime(imageFooters[1].datavalue.value, {['dateFormat']='ዓመት',['link']='no'}) end -- No footer in Tigrinya return imageValue end function p.property(entity, propertyId, options) if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims[propertyId] then if not options then options = {['linkback']='yes'} end --[[ local PositionalValue = (function() if options['positional_value'] == 'last' then return -1 end if type(options['positional_value']) == 'number' then return options['positional_value'] end return 1 end)() local PositionalValueQualifier =(function() if options['positional_value_qualifier'] == 'last' then return -1 end if type(options['positional_value_qualifier']) == 'number' then return options['positional_value_qualifier'] end return 1 end)() local Qualifier = options['qualifier'] local Obj = (function() local Obj = (function() local Obj = tableElement(entity, 'claims', propertyId) if PositionalValue == -1 then return tableElement(Obj, #Obj) end return tableElement(Obj, PositionalValue) end)() if Qualifier then Obj = (function() local Obj = tableElement(Obj, 'qualifiers', Qualifier) if PositionalValueQualifier == -1 then return tableElement(Obj, #Obj) end return tableElement(Obj, PositionalValueQualifier) end)() end return Obj end)() Type = tableElement(Obj, 'datavalue', 'type') -- Return the entity ID, for entity properties if options['form'] == 'entityID' then return tableElement(Obj, 'datavalue', 'value', 'id') end -- Prepare to return the most recent file in the property. Find out how to do it with qualifiers if options['form'] == 'ፋይል' then if Qualifier then return tableElement(Obj, 'datavalue', 'value') end if not options['one'] then options['one'] = 'last' end options['toOrder'] = 'ብዕለት' end -- Get property as raw string if options['form'] == 'ገመድ' then options['linkback'] = 'no' if Type == 'string' then return tableElement(Obj, 'datavalue', 'value') end end -- Return a correctly formatted numeric string if options['form'] == 'ቍጽሪ' then if Type == 'quantity' then return numberFormat(tableElement(Obj, 'datavalue', 'value', 'amount')) end end -- Return a numeric string with its unit if options['form'] == 'ኣሃዱ' then if tableElement(entity, 'claims', propertyId, 2, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue') then return numberFormat(tableElement(entity, 'claims', propertyId, 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'amount')) .. '&nbsp;-&nbsp;' .. unitNumber(tableElement(entity, 'claims', propertyId, 2, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue'), options) else return unitNumber(tableElement(entity, 'claims', propertyId, 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue'), options) end end --]] options.entityId = entity.id options.property = propertyId return p.getProperty(options, entity.claims[propertyId]) end end function p.isAValue(entity, propertyId, idSearch) if not entity or not propertyId then return false end local statement = tableElement(entity, 'claims', propertyId) local idSearched if not statement then return false end for k,v in pairs(statement) do idSearched = tableElement(v,'mainsnak','datavalue','value','id') if idSearched == idSearch then return true end end return false end -- Get the object mw.language, to use its functions in other modules function p.language() return ti end return p hpujkq25963hfmtxzcy0ya38otpij61 10 5506 22074 22072 2021-01-22T21:00:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Flagdeco]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1|}}} | flagicon/core | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3sk8b959pw1yev5flm2jjraa4c14yh2 828 5507 22122 22121 2021-01-24T00:05:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local wikidata = require('Module:Wikidata') function getStatements(entity) local statements = wikidata.getStatements(entity) mw.log(statements) return statements end function getFlags(entity) local options = {property = 'P41', highestRank = 'yes', entityId = entity} return wikidata.getProperty(options) end function getName(entity, name) local options = {label = name or 'null'} local name = wikidata.entityIdFormat(entity, options) return name end function p.luaFlag(entityId, size, option, name) local flagString local flag = getFlags(entityId) if size == nil or size == '' then size = '20px' end local option = option or '' local name = getName(entityId, name) if flag and flag ~= '' then flagString = '[[ፋይል:'..flag..'|' .. size .. '| border]]' end if option == 'only flag' and flagString then return flagString -- Will only return the flag elseif flagString then return flagString .." " .. name -- Returns the flag next to the name else -- There is no value in property P41 return name -- Just return the name end end function p.flag(frame) return p.luaFlag(frame.args[1], frame.args[2],frame.args[3] , frame.args.name) end -- Function to remove flags from text function p.withoutFlag(text) local result if text then result = text result = result:gsub('<span class="flagicon">.-</span>&nbsp;', '') result = result:gsub('<span class="flagicon">.-</span>[%s]*', '') result = result:gsub('%[%[[aA][rR][cC][hH][iI][vV][oO]:.-%]%][%s]*', '') result = result:gsub('%[%[[fF][iI][lL][eE]:.-%]%][%s]*', '') mw.logObject(result) return result end end function p.callFromATemplate(frame) local args = frame.args local feature = p[args[1]] return feature(args[2], args[3], args[4]) end return p b2vl3enlyrdwlxl0fiaza5egmnkmr3z 828 5508 24327 24326 2023-06-21T20:47:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local ti = mw.language.new('ti') local tablesModule = require('Module:Tables') local tableElement = tablesModule.element local onTable = tablesModule.on local insertInTable = tablesModule.put local wikidataModule = require('Module:Wikidata') local getWikidataProperty = wikidataModule.getProperty local wikidataDataFormat = wikidataModule.dataFormat local toLinkURL = require('Module:URL').toLink function p.formatCoor(value) local coorstring = value return frame:preprocess('{{coord|' .. coorstring[tostring('latitude')] ..'|'.. coorstring[tostring('longitude')] .. '|format=dms}}') end function p.unitFormat(value, options) amount = mw.ustring.gsub(value.value['amount'], '+','') unit = mw.wikibase.label(mw.ustring.gsub(value.value['unit'], '^.-/(Q%d+)$', '%1')) if unit and tonumber(amount) > 1 then textUnit = mw.ustring.gsub(unit, '(%S+)', plural) end if not unit or (options['unitFormat'] and options['unitFormat'] == 'ቁጽሪ') then return tonumber(amount) elseif unit and options['unitFormat'] and options['unitFormat'] == 'ደቓይቕ' and unit == 'ካልኢት' then local seconds = tostring(tonumber(amount)%60) if mw.ustring.len(seconds) == 1 then seconds = '0' .. seconds end return math.floor(tonumber(amount)/60) .. ':' .. seconds .. ' ' .. 'ደቓይቕ' else return p.numberFormat(amount) .. ((textUnit and ' ' .. textUnit) or '') end end function p.numberFormat(value, options) if value['amount'] then value = mw.ustring.gsub(value['amount'], '+', '') end if not tonumber(value) then return value end local Format = value while true do Format, k = string.gsub(Format, "^(-?%d+)(%d%d%d)", '%1&nbsp;%2') if (k==0) then break end end return Format end -- Qualifier formats function p.periodFormat(value, options) if not value then return end local startYear, endYear local startDate, endDate local dateOptions= {['textFormat']='uppercase', ['dateFormat'] = 'year', ['link']='no'} local startDates = value['P580'] local endDates = value['P582'] local istartDate = 1 local iendDate = 1 if not startDates and not endDates then return end local periods = {} if startDates and startDates[1] then --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(startDates[1]) end startYear = formatDataWikidata(startDates[1],dateOptions , {}) startDate= startYear -- for now end if endDates and endDates[1] then endYear = formatDataWikidata(endDates[1], dateOptions, {}) endDate = endYear -- for now end while startDate or endDate do -- For each period if startDate and endDate and tonumber(startDate) and tonumber(endDate) and (tonumber(startDate) <= tonumber(endDate)) then if startYear == endYear then table.insert(periods, startYear) else table.insert(periods, startYear .. '-' .. endYear) end istartDate = istartDate + 1 iendDate = iendDate + 1 if startDates[istartDate] then startYear = formatDataWikidata(startDates[istartDate],dateOptions , {}) startDate= startYear -- for now else startYear = nil startDate= nil end if endDates[iendDate] then endYear = formatDataWikidata(endDates[iendDate],dateOptions , {}) endDate= endYear -- for now else endYear = nil endDate= nil end elseif startYear then table.insert(periods, 'ካብ ' .. startYear) istartDate = istartDate + 1 if startDates[istartDate] then startYear = formatDataWikidata(startDates[istartDate],dateOptions , {}) startDate= startYear -- for now else startYear = nil startDate= nil end elseif endYear then table.insert(periods, 'ክሳብ ' .. endYear) iendDate = iendDate + 1 if endDates[iendDate] then endYear = formatDataWikidata(endDates[iendDate],dateOptions , {}) endDate= endYear -- for now else endYear = nil endDate= nil end end end return table.concat(periods, '፣ ') end -- Internal functions -- The following functions do much the same as the function -- entityIdFormat of the Wikidata module. -- p.getData fetches the entity data and p.toLink formats it. function p.getData(value) if value and value['numeric-id'] then local idEntity = 'Q' .. value['numeric-id'] local label = mw.wikibase.label( idEntity ) local link = mw.wikibase.sitelink( idEntity ) return link, label, idEntity end end function p.linkInOtherLanguage(link, label, language) local category = '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Pages with Wikidata properties tagged in another language]]' if link and label then return label .. ' <small>([[:' .. language .. ':' .. link .. '|' .. language .. ']])</small>' .. category elseif label then return label .. ' <small>(' .. language .. ')</small>' .. category elseif link then return link .. ' <small>([[:' .. language .. ':' .. link .. '|' .. language .. ']])</small>' .. category end end local alreadyLinked = {} function p.toLink(link, label, idEntity, options) if not link and not label and not idEntity then return end if options then -- Label options if options.label and options.label ~= 'null' then -- To find out where it is used. label = options.label end --if options['nameSpace'] then link = options['nameSpace'] .. ':' .. link end -- Convert the first character to uppercase in his case if label and options['uppercase'] == 'yes' then label = ti:ucfirst(label) end -- Link options if options['link'] == 'no' then -- No p.toLink link = nil elseif options['itMustExist'] == 'yes' then -- Do not return anything if the Wikipedia article is not informed if not link then return end elseif options['link'] == 'yes' then if not link and label and not require('Module:Page').exists(label) then -- Take the label as a link if the corresponding article does not exist link = label end end end -- Do not link the same thing several times if link and alreadyLinked[link] then link = nil end -- As reported by the label or link local result if label and link and label ~= link then --Both if they are not the same result = '[[' .. link .. '|' .. label .. ']]' alreadyLinked[link] = true elseif link then -- Just the link or ambps and they are the same result = '[[' .. link .. ']]' alreadyLinked[link] = true elseif label then -- Only the label result = label elseif idEntity then -- Only the entity -- Get the Wikidata tag and link from the English, French or German Wikipedia local entity=mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(idEntity) --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(entity) end if entity then local language for k, language in pairs({'en', 'fr', 'it', 'de'}) do label = tableElement(entity, 'labels', language, 'value') link = tableElement(entity, 'sitelinks', language .. 'wiki', 'title') if label or link then result = p.linkInOtherLanguage(link, label, language) break end end end if not result then return '[[:d:'.. idEntity .. '|unlabeled]]' .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Pages with unlabeled Wikidata properties]]' end end -- Add italics if options and options.italics == 'yes' then result = "''" .. result .. "''" end return result end function p.formatId( value, options ) local wikidata = require('Module:Wikidata') local id = 'Q'.. value['numeric-id'] local options = {separator = '<br>',property = options.propertyValue, one = 'yes', entityId = id, textFormat = 'uppercase'} return wikidata.getProperty(options) end function p.formatFlagcountry( value, options ) local flag = require('Module:Flag') local id = 'Q'.. value['numeric-id'] local label = mw.wikibase.label( 'Q' .. value['numeric-id'] ) or '' local kind = mw.ustring.gsub(label,'(%D+)%sde%s%D+','%1') if options.cut and options.cut ~= '' then coincidence = mw.ustring.find( es:lc(options.cut), es:lc(kind), plain ) end if coincidence then name = mw.ustring.gsub(label,'%D+%sde%s(%D+)','%1') elseif label and label ~= '' then name = label end return flag.luaFlag(id, '20px', '', name) end function p.formatInfobox( value, options ) local infobox = require('Module:Infobox') local options = {propertyValue='P31'} local label = p.formatId( value, options) options.cut = label local parameters = { child = 'yes', labelstyle1 = 'border:0;font-weight:100;padding:0px 7px', datastyle1 = 'border:0;font-weight:100;padding:0px 7px 0px 2px', label1='&bull;&nbsp;'.. ti:ucfirst(label), data1 = p.formatFlagcountry(value, options)} return infobox.infobox(parameters) end function p.idFormat ( value, options ) return value['numeric-id'] and 'Q' .. value['numeric-id'] end --***************************************************************************** -- Functions for URL data types --***************************************************************************** function p.URLFormat(value, options, mount) return toLinkURL(value) end function p.twitterFormat(value, options, mount) return '[https://twitter.com/' .. value .. ' ' .. value .. ']' end function p.facebookFormat(value, options, mount) return '[https://www.facebook.com/' .. value .. ' ' .. value .. ']' end --***************************************************************************** -- Format aliases to use in template property --***************************************************************************** p['flag'] = p['formatFlag'] p['facebook'] = p['facebookFormat'] p['twitter'] = p['twitterFormat'] p['url'] = p['URLFormat'] return p 9bhhu4jwaa9c0lb3kfgk9er73pqrhaw 828 5509 24342 22080 2023-06-22T01:34:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local page = {} -- External modules and functions local getArguments = require('Module:ክርክራት').getArguments local onBoard = require('Module:Tables').on -- Constants -- See Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration citation_config.uncategorized_namespaces. -- Namespaces for which your articles are not automatically categorized page.spacesNotCategorizable = { 'ተጠቃሚ', 'ተጠቃሚት', 'ምይይጥ', 'User_talk', 'User_Talk', 'Wikipedia_talk', 'File_talk', 'Template_talk', 'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk', 'Book_talk', 'Draft', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk', 'Wikipedia' } function page.exists(frame) local article if not frame then return end if type(frame) == 'string' then article= frame else article= getArguments(frame)[1] end if not article then return end local a= mw.title.new(article) if a and a.exists then return a.fullText end end function page.categoryExists(frame) local category if not frame then return end if type(frame) == 'string' then category = frame else category = getArguments(frame)[1] end if not category then return end local a= mw.title.makeTitle(14, category) if a and a.exists then return a.fullText end end function page.pageName(options) pageName = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text -- Delete the text in parentheses if options and options.disambiguate == 'yes' then pageName = mw.ustring.gsub(pageName,'%s%(.*%)','') end return pageName end function page.canBeCategorized() if onBoard(page.spacesNotCategorizable, mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText) then return false else return true end end function page.getSubpages(frame) local arguments = getArguments(frame) local pageName = arguments['ገጽ'] or arguments['page'] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local truncate = not (arguments['truncate'] and arguments['truncate'] == 'no') local truncateParameter = (truncate and '|stripprefix=1') or '' local list = frame:preprocess('{{Special:PrefixIndex/' .. pageName .. truncateParameter .. '}}') return list end return page 1pqibogcu5ps2itikylzpu4d2jlkv90 828 5510 24308 22081 2023-06-17T23:58:02Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local z = {} function z.toLink(url, text) --if true then return 'url: ' .. (url or '') .. ' text: ' .. (text or '') end if not url or url:match('^%s*$') then return elseif url:find('%[') or url:match('^&#123;&#123;&#123;.*&#125;&#125;&#125;$') then -- For example, a template parameter, {{{web page|}}} return url elseif z.isValid(url) then fixedUrl = url else fixedUrl = 'http://' .. url end if text then return '[' .. fixedUrl .. ' ' .. text .. ']' else fixedText = fixedUrl:match('^http://(.+)') or fixedUrl:match('^https://(.+)') or fixedUrl -- Delete the / at the end fixedText = fixedText:match('(.+)/$') or fixedText return '[' .. fixedUrl .. ' ' .. fixedText .. ']' end end function z.url(frame) if not frame or not frame.args then return end return z.toLink(frame.args[1], frame.args[2]) end --function z.plainLink -- View the Plain link template -- return --end -- See the checkurl function of the Citation/CS1 module. function z.isValid(url) return url:sub(1,2) == "//" or url:match( "^[^/]*:" ) end return z mymvg4okvciwlzj3k8ujan4lrfkr58y 828 5511 22085 22082 2021-01-22T23:42:36Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞድዩል:Wikibase]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) Scribunto text/plain -- Module:Wikibase local p = {} -- Returns the item ID, name or link of the page in the local wiki. function p.id(frame) if not mw.wikibase then return "wikibase module not found" end entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity == nil then return "" end return entity.id end -- Returns the label of a given item. function p.label(frame) if frame.args[1] == nil then entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end id = entity.id else id = frame.args[1] end return mw.wikibase.label( id ) end -- Returns the local page of a given item. function p.link(frame) if frame.args[1] == nil then entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end id = entity.id else id = frame.args[1] end return mw.wikibase.sitelink( id ) end -- Returns the description of a given item. function p.description(frame) if frame.args[1] == nil then entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end id = entity.id else id = frame.args[1] end return mw.wikibase.description( id ) end return p iae84ws4o68duj7c0vkg7ayeggsshnn 10 5512 24369 23383 2023-06-22T16:03:25Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Wikidata |Wikidata |property = {{{1|}}} |value = {{{2|}}} |separator = {{{separator|{{{3|፣}}}}}} |value-module = {{{module|{{{4|Wikidata/Formats}}}}}} |value-function = {{{datatype|{{{5|}}}}}} |legend = {{{footer|{{{6|}}}}}} |conjunction = {{{conjunction|{{{3|ከምኡ’ውን}}}}}} |qualifier = {{{qualifier|}}} |info = {{{info|}}} |one = {{{one|}}} |highestRank = {{{highest rank|{{{highest_rank|}}}}}} |textFormat = {{{text format|}}} |dateFormat = {{{date format|}}} |unitFormat = {{{unit format|}}} |qualifierFormat = {{{qualifier format|}}} |qualifierFilter = {{{qualifier filter|}}} |link = {{{link|{{{መጋጠሚ|}}}}}} |label = {{{label|null}}} |priority = {{{priority|}}} |kind = {{{type|city}}} |display = {{{display|{{#if:{{{entity|}}}|inline|inline,title}}}}} |format = {{{format|dms}}} |entityId = {{{entity|}}} |list = {{{list|}}} |import = {{{import|}}} |categories = {{{categories|}}} |itMustExist = {{{it must exist|}}} |propertyValue = {{{property_value|}}} |qualifying = {{{qualifying|}}} |qualifying module = {{{qualifying module|}}} |linkback = {{{linkback|}}} |toOrder = {{{to order|}}} |language = {{{language|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> m6mo832kj633kbhxekqixmtjbos1c3r 0 5513 24089 23760 2023-01-19T14:50:44Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ንኡስ ሃገራዊ ኣካል | ስም = ካራካስ | flag_border = yes | ሕብረት = [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] | ሃገር = {{VEN}} | ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_1 = [[ፈደራላዊ ኣካላት ቬኔዝዌላ|ፈደራላዊ ኣካላት]] | ላዕለዋይ_1 = {{VEN|A}} {{VEN|M}} | ዓይነት_ላዕለዋይ_2 = [[ዝርዝር ምምሕዳር ከተማታት ቬኔዝዌላ|ምምሕዳር ከተማታት]] | ላዕለዋይ_2 = [[ምምሕዳር ከተማ ሊበርታዶር ካራካስ|ሊበርታዶር]]፣ [[ምምሕዳር ከተማ ባሩታ|ባሩታ]]፣ [[ምምሕዳር ከተማ ቻካው|ቻካው]]፣ [[ምምሕዳር ከተማ ኤል ሃትዮ|ኤል ሃትዮ]]፣ [[ምምሕዳር ከተማ ሱክረ (ሚራንዳ)|ሱክረ]] | ምስሊ = {{Photomontage | ስእሊ1a = Caracas Panoramica 1.jpg | ስእሊ2a = CaracasCentre.jpg | ስእሊ2b = Caracas Este.jpg | ስእሊ3a = TeresaCarreño.jpg | ስእሊ3b = Plaza Venezuela Noche.jpg | ስእሊ4a = Edificios de Oficinas Conjunto Parque Central alt.jpg | መጠን = 280 | ክፍተት = 2 | ወሰን = 1 | ሕብሪ = white | ሕብሪ_ወሰን = white }}</center> | ጭርሖ = ''Muy Noble y Leal Ciudad'' | መዝሙር = ''Marcha a Caracas'' | ካርታ_loc_1 = ቬኔዝዌላ | ካርታ = <mapframe frameless align=center width=275 height=250 zoom=11 latitude=10.4721 longitude=-66.9435 /> | እግሪ_ካርታ = ከተማዊ ከባቢ ካራካስ | መራሕቲ_ኣርእስትታት = ሓለቓ መንግስቲ | መራሕቲ_ኣስማት = [[ናሁም ፈርናንደዝ]] | መሰረት = 25 ሓምለ 1567 ({{ዕድመ|25|7|1567}}) | ስፍሓት = 784 | ጻዕቂ = 15,774 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2017 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 2,245,744 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ምልጣፍ = | ጶስጣዊ_ኮድ_ስም = [[ጶስጣዊ ኮድ]] | ተለፎናዊ ቅድመ ጥብቆ ስም = [[ኮድ ከባቢ]] | ግዜ = UTC-4 | ኮድ ኣይሶ = [[ISO 3166-2:VE|VE-A]]፣ [[ISO 3166-2:VE|VE-M]] | ማንታነት = {{Collapsible list|ኣርእስቲ = 42 [[ከተማ|ከተማታት]]|1 = 23 ርእሰ ከተማታት<br/>{{flagdeco|CUB}} [[ሃቫና]]<br/>{{flagdeco|PER}} [[ሊማ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|BOL}} [[ላ ፓዝ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|BLR}} [[ሚንስክ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|NCA}} [[ማናጓ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[ማድሪድ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|RUS}} [[ሞስኮ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|URU}} [[ሞንተቪድዮ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ISL}} [[ረይክያቪክ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|CRC}} [[ሳን ሆሰ (ኮስታ ሪካ)|ሳን ሆሰ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ESA}} [[ሳን ሳልቫዶር]]<br/>{{flagdeco|CHL}} [[ሳንትያጎ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|DOM}} [[ሳንቶ ዶሚንጎ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|KOR}} [[ሶውል]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ARG}} [[ብወኖስ ኣይረስ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|COL}} [[ቦጎታ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|IRN}} [[ተህራን]]<br/>{{flagdeco|HON}} [[ተጉሲጋልፓ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|PAR}} [[ኣሱንስዮን]]<br/>{{flagdeco|MEX}} [[ከተማ ሜክሲኮ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|GUA}} [[ከተማ ጓቲማላ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|PAN}} [[ከተማ ፓናማ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ECU}} [[ኪቶ]]<br/>19 ከተማታት<br />{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[ላ ኮሩኛ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[መልያ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|BRA}} [[ርዮ ዲ ጃነይሮ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|AUS}} [[ሲድኒ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[ሳንታ ክሩዝ ደ ተነሪፈ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|USA}} [[ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|BRA}} [[ሳኦ ፓውሎ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|CHN}} [[ሻንጋይ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[ቪጎ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ISR}} [[ተል ኣቪቭ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|VEN}} [[ትሩህዮ (ቬኔዝዌላ)|ትሩህዮ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|USA}} [[ኒው ኦርሊንስ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|USA}} [[ኒው ዮርክ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|TUR}} [[ኢስታንቡል]]<br/>{{flagdeco|MEX}} [[ኣተንኮ (ምምሕዳር ከተማ)|ኣተንኮ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[ኣደሄ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|PHI}} [[ከተማ ክዌዘን]]<br/>{{flagdeco|ROM}} [[ክሉጅ-ናፖካ]]<br/>{{flagdeco|BOL}} [[ኮቻባምባ]]}} | ገጽ መርበብ = www.caracas.gob.ve | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ርእሰ_ከተማዊ = 2,923,959 | ስም_ተቐመጥቲ = ካራቀንያዊ/ -ት ([[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦ ''ካራቀኞ'' (ተባዕታይ)፣ ''ካራቀኛ'' (ኣንስታይ)) }} '''ካራካስ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦ ''Caracas'')፣ [[ርእሰ ከተማ]]ን ዝዓበየት ከተማን [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] እያ። ካብ መበል 19 ዘመን ከም ማእከል ፖለቲካውን ቁጠባውን ሓይሊ ቬኔዝዌላ ተቖጺራ እያ። ==መርበብ== [https://web.archive.org/web/20220805182014/http://www.caracas.gob.ve/alcaldiaDeCCS/ ወግዓዊት መርበብ ሓበሬታ] [[መደብ:ካራካስ]] fote5rtmh1sbznpugzwe9vc4pb4gpxb 10 5514 22098 2021-01-23T10:52:41Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#if:{{{data|}}}|<div class="NavFrame {{#if:{{{expand|}}}||collapsed}}" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="height:auto;fon...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{data|}}}|<div class="NavFrame {{#if:{{{expand|}}}||collapsed}}" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="height:auto;font-size:105%; text-align: {{{align|center}}}; {{{titlestyle|background-color: transparent;}}}"> <div class="hack-to-leave-space" style="float:right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><!-- -->{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{tile}}}|Section}}<!-- --></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; font-weight: lighter; width: 100%;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #000000; text-align: {{{align|center}}}"> {{{!}} style="width:100%; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #000000; {{{datastyle|}}}" {{!}}- {{!}} {{{data}}} {{!}}} </div></div> }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> jr4fkh5nj776xbgxtmlt3s1jn8198hl 828 5515 22105 2021-01-23T15:25:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «local p = {} local Wikidata = require('Module:Wikidata') local Formats = require('Module:Formats') local ti = mw.language.new('ti') local frame function...» Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local Wikidata = require('Module:Wikidata') local Formats = require('Module:Formats') local ti = mw.language.new('ti') local frame function p:setFrame(frame) frame = frame Wikidata:setFrame(frame) end function p.getLabel() local element = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() or {} return es:ucfirst(mw.wikibase.label(element.id) or '') end function p.getStatements() return Wikidata.getStatements() end function p.getStatement(statement, property, separator, Module, feature, qualifier, link, cut, propertyValue) local propOneValue = {'P41','P18','P94','P242','P6','P1082','P163','P237','P625'} -- Properties that should only have one value local oneValue = 'no' local highestRank = 'yes' for k,v in pairs(propOneValue) do -- Check if property matches if property == v then oneValue = 'yes' highestRank = 'no' end end options = { ['property'] = property, ['value'] = nil, -- Value that would replace the value of Wikidata to be given ['separator'] = separator, ['value-module'] = Module, ['value-function'] = feature, ['legend'] = nil, -- Image footer if the Wikidata/Formats module and the formatImage function are used ['conjunction'] = separator, ['qualifier'] = qualifier, ['data'] = nil, -- If the value would be 'source' it would return the source of the declaration ['one'] = oneValue, ['textFormat'] = 'upperCase', ['highestRank'] = highestRank, -- will return only the highest ranking values ['link'] = link, ['kind'] = 'city', ['display'] = 'inline,title', ['format'] = 'dms', ['propertyValue'] = propertyValue, ['entityId'] = nil, -- entity id. It would not have any application here ['cut'] = cut -- Value that if matching would be cut in the string when using the Wikidata/Formats module and the flagFormat function is useful to cut province from if the province label is given } local formattedValue = Wikidata.getProperty(options,board) if formattedValue == nil then return "" end if type(formattedValue) == 'number' and link ~= 'no' then formattedValue = es:formatNum(tonumber(formattedValue)) end return formattedValue end return p s12est2iwxy4rxrtswsdjd30zt34b88 828 5516 22110 2021-01-23T19:14:33Z Joanmp14 5782 copied from: enwikipedia Scribunto text/plain -- Version: 2021-01-21 -- Module to implement use of a blacklist and whitelist for infobox fields -- Can take a named parameter |qid which is the Wikidata ID for the article -- if not supplied, it will use the Wikidata ID associated with the current page. -- Fields in blacklist are never to be displayed, i.e. module must return nil in all circumstances -- Fields in whitelist return local value if it exists or the Wikidata value otherwise -- The name of the field that this function is called from is passed in named parameter |name -- The name is compulsory when blacklist or whitelist is used, -- so the module returns nil if it is not supplied. -- blacklist is passed in named parameter |suppressfields (or |spf) -- whitelist is passed in named parameter |fetchwikidata (or |fwd) local p = {} local cdate -- initialise as nil and only load _complex_date function if needed -- [[Module:Complex date]] is loaded lazily and has the following dependencies: -- Module:I18n/complex date, Module:ISOdate, Module:DateI18n (alternative for Module:Date), -- Module:Formatnum, Module:I18n/date, Module:Yesno, Module:Linguistic, Module:Calendar -- The following, taken from https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/DataModel#Dates_and_times, -- is needed to use Module:Complex date which seemingly requires date precision as a string. -- It would work better if only the authors of the mediawiki page could spell 'millennium'. local dp = { [6] = "millennium", [7] = "century", [8] = "decade", [9] = "year", [10] = "month", [11] = "day", } local i18n = { ["errors"] = { ["property-not-found"] = "Property not found.", ["No property supplied"] = "No property supplied", ["entity-not-found"] = "Wikidata entity not found.", ["unknown-claim-type"] = "Unknown claim type.", ["unknown-entity-type"] = "Unknown entity type.", ["qualifier-not-found"] = "Qualifier not found.", ["site-not-found"] = "Wikimedia project not found.", ["labels-not-found"] = "No labels found.", ["descriptions-not-found"] = "No descriptions found.", ["aliases-not-found"] = "No aliases found.", ["unknown-datetime-format"] = "Unknown datetime format.", ["local-article-not-found"] = "Article is available on Wikidata, but not on Wikipedia", ["dab-page"] = " (dab)", }, ["months"] = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" }, ["century"] = "century", ["BC"] = "BC", ["BCE"] = "BCE", ["ordinal"] = { [1] = "st", [2] = "nd", [3] = "rd", ["default"] = "th" }, ["filespace"] = "File", ["Unknown"] = "Unknown", ["NaN"] = "Not a number", -- set the following to the name of a tracking category, -- e.g. "[[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]", or "" to disable: ["missinginfocat"] = "[[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]", ["editonwikidata"] = "Edit this on Wikidata", ["latestdatequalifier"] = function (date) return "before " .. date end, -- some languages, e.g. Bosnian use a period as a suffix after each number in a date ["datenumbersuffix"] = "", ["list separator"] = ", ", ["multipliers"] = { [0] = "", [3] = " thousand", [6] = " million", [9] = " billion", [12] = " trillion", } } -- This allows an internationisation module to override the above table if 'en' ~= mw.getContentLanguage():getCode() then require("Module:i18n").loadI18n("Module:WikidataIB/i18n", i18n) end -- This piece of html implements a collapsible container. Check the classes exist on your wiki. local collapsediv = '<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; overflow:auto;" data-expandtext="{{int:show}}" data-collapsetext="{{int:hide}}">' -- Some items should not be linked. -- Each wiki can create a list of those in Module:WikidataIB/nolinks -- It should return a table called itemsindex, containing true for each item not to be linked local donotlink = {} local nolinks_exists, nolinks = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:WikidataIB/nolinks") if nolinks_exists then donotlink = nolinks.itemsindex end -- To satisfy Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles, certain types of items are italicised, and others are quoted. -- The submodule [[Module:WikidataIB/titleformats]] lists the entity-ids used in 'instance of' (P31), -- which allows this module to identify the values that should be formatted. -- WikidataIB/titleformats exports a table p.formats, which is indexed by entity-id, and contains the value " or '' local formats = {} local titleformats_exists, titleformats = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:WikidataIB/titleformats") if titleformats_exists then formats = titleformats.formats end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Private functions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- makeOrdinal needs to be internationalised along with the above: -- takes cardinal number as a numeric and returns the ordinal as a string -- we need three exceptions in English for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 21st, .. 31st, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local makeOrdinal = function(cardinal) local ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal.default if cardinal % 10 == 1 then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[1] elseif cardinal % 10 == 2 then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[2] elseif cardinal % 10 == 3 then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[3] end -- In English, 1, 21, 31, etc. use 'st', but 11, 111, etc. use 'th' -- similarly for 12 and 13, etc. if (cardinal % 100 == 11) or (cardinal % 100 == 12) or (cardinal % 100 == 13) then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal.default end return tostring(cardinal) .. ordsuffix end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- findLang takes a "langcode" parameter if supplied and valid -- otherwise it tries to create it from the user's set language ({{int:lang}}) -- failing that it uses the wiki's content language. -- It returns a language object ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local findLang = function(langcode) local langobj langcode = mw.text.trim(langcode or "") if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode) then langobj = mw.language.new( langcode ) else langcode = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( '{{int:lang}}' ) if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode) then langobj = mw.language.new( langcode ) else langobj = mw.language.getContentLanguage() end end return langobj end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getItemLangCode takes a qid parameter (using the current page's qid if blank) -- If the item for that qid has property country (P17) it looks at the first preferred value -- If the country has an official language (P37), it looks at the first preferred value -- If that official language has a language code (P424), it returns the first preferred value -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getItemLangCode = function(qid) qid = mw.text.trim(qid or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return end local prop17 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P17")[1] if not prop17 or prop17.mainsnak.snaktype ~= "value" then return end local qid17 = prop17.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local prop37 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid17, "P37")[1] if not prop37 or prop37.mainsnak.snaktype ~= "value" then return end local qid37 = prop37.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local prop424 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid37, "P424")[1] if not prop424 or prop424.mainsnak.snaktype ~= "value" then return end return prop424.mainsnak.datavalue.value end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- roundto takes a number (x) -- and returns it rounded to (sf) significant figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local roundto = function(x, sf) if x == 0 then return 0 end local s = 1 if x < 0 then x = -x s = -1 end if sf < 1 then sf = 1 end local p = 10 ^ (math.floor(math.log10(x)) - sf + 1) x = math.floor(x / p + 0.5) * p * s -- if it's integral, cast to an integer: if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end return x end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- decimalToDMS takes a decimal degrees (x) with precision (p) -- and returns degrees/minutes/seconds according to the precision ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local decimalToDMS = function(x, p) -- if p is not supplied, use a precision around 0.1 seconds if not tonumber(p) then p = 1e-4 end local d = math.floor(x) local ms = (x - d) * 60 if p > 0.5 then -- precision is > 1/2 a degree if ms > 30 then d = d + 1 end ms = 0 end local m = math.floor(ms) local s = (ms - m) * 60 if p > 0.008 then -- precision is > 1/2 a minute if s > 30 then m = m +1 end s = 0 elseif p > 0.00014 then -- precision is > 1/2 a second s = math.floor(s + 0.5) elseif p > 0.000014 then -- precision is > 1/20 second s = math.floor(10 * s + 0.5) / 10 elseif p > 0.0000014 then -- precision is > 1/200 second s = math.floor(100 * s + 0.5) / 100 else -- cap it at 3 dec places for now s = math.floor(1000 * s + 0.5) / 1000 end return d, m, s end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- decimalPrecision takes a decimal (x) with precision (p) -- and returns x rounded approximately to the given precision -- precision should be between 1 and 1e-6, preferably a power of 10. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local decimalPrecision = function(x, p) local s = 1 if x < 0 then x = -x s = -1 end -- if p is not supplied, pick an arbitrary precision if not tonumber(p) then p = 1e-4 elseif p > 1 then p = 1 elseif p < 1e-6 then p = 1e-6 else p = 10 ^ math.floor(math.log10(p)) end x = math.floor(x / p + 0.5) * p * s -- if it's integral, cast to an integer: if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end -- if it's less than 1e-4, it will be in exponent form, so return a string with 6dp -- 9e-5 becomes 0.000090 if math.abs(x) < 1e-4 then x = string.format("%f", x) end return x end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- formatDate takes a datetime of the usual format from mw.wikibase.entity:formatPropertyValues -- like "1 August 30 BCE" as parameter 1 -- and formats it according to the df (date format) and bc parameters -- df = ["dmy" / "mdy" / "y"] default will be "dmy" -- bc = ["BC" / "BCE"] default will be "BCE" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local format_Date = function(datetime, dateformat, bc) local datetime = datetime or "1 August 30 BCE" -- in case of nil value -- chop off multiple vales and/or any hours, mins, etc. -- keep anything before punctuation - we just want a single date: local dateval = string.match( datetime, "[%w ]+") local dateformat = string.lower(dateformat or "dmy") -- default to dmy local bc = string.upper(bc or "") -- can't use nil for bc -- we only want to accept two possibilities: BC or default to BCE if bc == "BC" then bc = "&nbsp;" .. i18n["BC"] -- prepend a non-breaking space. else bc = "&nbsp;" .. i18n["BCE"] end local postchrist = true -- start by assuming no BCE local dateparts = {} for word in string.gmatch(dateval, "%w+") do if word == "BCE" or word == "BC" then -- *** internationalise later *** postchrist = false else -- we'll keep the parts that are not 'BCE' in a table dateparts[#dateparts + 1] = word end end if postchrist then bc = "" end -- set AD dates to no suffix *** internationalise later *** local sep = "&nbsp;" -- separator is nbsp local fdate = table.concat(dateparts, sep) -- set formatted date to same order as input -- if we have day month year, check dateformat if #dateparts == 3 then if dateformat == "y" then fdate = dateparts[3] elseif dateformat == "mdy" then fdate = dateparts[2] .. sep .. dateparts[1] .. "," .. sep .. dateparts[3] end elseif #dateparts == 2 and dateformat == "y" then fdate = dateparts[2] end return fdate .. bc end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- dateFormat is the handler for properties that are of type "time" -- It takes timestamp, precision (6 to 11 per mediawiki), dateformat (y/dmy/mdy), BC format (BC/BCE), -- a plaindate switch (yes/no/adj) to en/disable "sourcing circumstances"/use adjectival form, -- any qualifiers for the property, the language, and any adjective to use like 'before'. -- It passes the date through the "complex date" function -- and returns a string with the internatonalised date formatted according to preferences. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); cdate(); dp[] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = function(timestamp, dprec, df, bcf, pd, qualifiers, lang, adj, model) -- output formatting according to preferences (y/dmy/mdy/ymd) df = (df or ""):lower() -- if ymd is required, return the part of the timestamp in YYYY-MM-DD form -- but apply Year zero#Astronomers fix: 1 BC = 0000; 2 BC = -0001; etc. if df == "ymd" then if timestamp:sub(1,1) == "+" then return timestamp:sub(2,11) else local yr = tonumber(timestamp:sub(2,5)) - 1 yr = ("000" .. yr):sub(-4) if yr ~= "0000" then yr = "-" .. yr end return yr .. timestamp:sub(6,11) end end -- A year can be stored like this: "+1872-00-00T00:00:00Z", -- which is processed here as if it were the day before "+1872-01-01T00:00:00Z", -- and that's the last day of 1871, so the year is wrong. -- So fix the month 0, day 0 timestamp to become 1 January instead: timestamp = timestamp:gsub("%-00%-00T", "-01-01T") -- just in case date precision is missing dprec = dprec or 11 -- override more precise dates if required dateformat is year alone: if df == "y" and dprec > 9 then dprec = 9 end -- complex date only deals with precisions from 6 to 11, so clip range dprec = dprec>11 and 11 or dprec dprec = dprec<6 and 6 or dprec -- BC format is "BC" or "BCE" bcf = (bcf or ""):upper() -- plaindate only needs the first letter (y/n/a) pd = (pd or ""):sub(1,1):lower() if pd == "" or pd == "n" or pd == "f" or pd == "0" then pd = false end -- in case language isn't passed lang = lang or findLang().code -- set adj as empty if nil adj = adj or "" -- extract the day, month, year from the timestamp local bc = timestamp:sub(1, 1)=="-" and "BC" or "" local year, month, day = timestamp:match("[+-](%d*)-(%d*)-(%d*)T") local iso = tonumber(year) -- if year is missing, let it throw an error -- this will adjust the date format to be compatible with cdate -- possible formats are Y, YY, YYY0, YYYY, YYYY-MM, YYYY-MM-DD if dprec == 6 then iso = math.floor( (iso - 1) / 1000 ) + 1 end if dprec == 7 then iso = math.floor( (iso - 1) / 100 ) + 1 end if dprec == 8 then iso = math.floor( iso / 10 ) .. "0" end if dprec == 10 then iso = year .. "-" .. month end if dprec == 11 then iso = year .. "-" .. month .. "-" .. day end -- add "circa" (Q5727902) from "sourcing circumstances" (P1480) local sc = not pd and qualifiers and qualifiers.P1480 if sc then for k1, v1 in pairs(sc) do if v1.datavalue and v1.datavalue.value.id == "Q5727902" then adj = "circa" break end end end -- deal with Julian dates: -- no point in saying that dates before 1582 are Julian - they are by default -- doesn't make sense for dates less precise than year -- we can suppress it by setting |plaindate, e.g. for use in constructing categories. local calendarmodel = "" if tonumber(year) > 1582 and dprec > 8 and not pd and model == "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985786" then calendarmodel = "julian" end if not cdate then cdate = require("Module:Complex date")._complex_date end local fdate = cdate(calendarmodel, adj, tostring(iso), dp[dprec], bc, "", "", "", "", lang, 1) -- this may have QuickStatements info appended to it in a div, so remove that fdate = fdate:gsub(' <div style="display: none;">[^<]*</div>', '') -- it may also be returned wrapped in a microformat, so remove that fdate = fdate:gsub("<[^>]*>", "") -- there may be leading zeros that we should remove fdate = fdate:gsub("^0*", "") -- if a plain date is required, then remove any links (like BC linked) if pd then fdate = fdate:gsub("%[%[.*|", ""):gsub("]]", "") end -- if 'circa', use the abbreviated form *** internationalise later *** fdate = fdate:gsub('circa ', '<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>&nbsp;') -- deal with BC/BCE if bcf == "BCE" then fdate = fdate:gsub('BC', 'BCE') end -- deal with mdy format if df == "mdy" then fdate = fdate:gsub("(%d+) (%w+) (%d+)", "%2 %1, %3") end -- deal with adjectival form *** internationalise later *** if pd == "a" then fdate = fdate:gsub(' century', '-century') end return fdate end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- parseParam takes a (string) parameter, e.g. from the list of frame arguments, -- and makes "false", "no", and "0" into the (boolean) false -- it makes the empty string and nil into the (boolean) value passed as default -- allowing the parameter to be true or false by default. -- It returns a boolean. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local parseParam = function(param, default) if type(param) == "boolean" then param = tostring(param) end if param and param ~= "" then param = param:lower() if (param == "false") or (param:sub(1,1) == "n") or (param == "0") then return false else return true end else return default end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getSitelink takes the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It takes an optional parameter |wiki= to determine which wiki is to be checked for a sitelink -- If the parameter is blank, then it uses the local wiki. -- If there is a sitelink to an article available, it returns the plain text link to the article -- If there is no sitelink, it returns nil. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getSitelink = function(qid, wiki) qid = (qid or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end wiki = wiki or "" local sitelink if wiki == "" then sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) else sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid, wiki) end return sitelink end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getCommonslink takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It returns one of the following in order of preference: -- the Commons sitelink of the Wikidata entity - but not if onlycat=true and it's not a category; -- the Commons sitelink of the topic's main category of the Wikidata entity; -- the Commons category of the Wikidata entity - unless fallback=false. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getSitelink(); parseParam() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getCommonslink = function(qid, onlycat, fallback) qid = (qid or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end onlycat = parseParam(onlycat, false) if fallback == "" then fallback = nil end local sitelink = _getSitelink(qid, "commonswiki") if onlycat and sitelink and sitelink:sub(1,9) ~= "Category:" then sitelink = nil end if not sitelink then -- check for topic's main category local prop910 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P910")[1] if prop910 then local tmcid = prop910.mainsnak.datavalue and prop910.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id sitelink = _getSitelink(tmcid, "commonswiki") end if not sitelink then -- check for list's main category local prop1754 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P1754")[1] if prop1754 then local tmcid = prop1754.mainsnak.datavalue and prop1754.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id sitelink = _getSitelink(tmcid, "commonswiki") end end end if not sitelink and fallback then -- check for Commons category (string value) local prop373 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P373")[1] if prop373 then sitelink = prop373.mainsnak.datavalue and prop373.mainsnak.datavalue.value if sitelink then sitelink = "Category:" .. sitelink end end end return sitelink end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- The label in a Wikidata item is subject to vulnerabilities -- that an attacker might try to exploit. -- It needs to be 'sanitised' by removing any wikitext before use. -- If it doesn't exist, return the id for the item -- a second (boolean) value is also returned, value is true when the label exists ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local labelOrId = function(id, lang) if lang == "default" then lang = findLang().code end local label if lang then label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, lang) else label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(id) end if label then return mw.text.nowiki(label), true else return id, false end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- linkedItem takes an entity-id and returns a string, linked if possible. -- This is the handler for "wikibase-item". Preferences: -- 1. Display linked disambiguated sitelink if it exists -- 2. Display linked label if it is a redirect -- 3. TBA: Display an inter-language link for the label if it exists other than in default language -- 4. Display unlinked label if it exists -- 5. Display entity-id for now to indicate a label could be provided -- dtxt is text to be used instead of label, or nil. -- shortname is boolean switch to use P1813 (short name) instead of label if true. -- lang is the current language code. -- uselbl is boolean switch to force display of the label instead of the sitelink (default: false) -- linkredir is boolean switch to allow linking to a redirect (default: false) -- formatvalue is boolean switch to allow formatting as italics or quoted (default: false) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: labelOrId(); donotlink[] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local linkedItem = function(id, args) local lprefix = (args.lp or args.lprefix or args.linkprefix or ""):gsub('"', '') -- toughen against nil values passed local lpostfix = (args.lpostfix or ""):gsub('"', '') local prefix = (args.prefix or ""):gsub('"', '') local postfix = (args.postfix or ""):gsub('"', '') local dtxt = args.dtxt local shortname = args.shortname local lang = args.lang or "en" -- fallback to default if missing local uselbl = args.uselabel or args.uselbl uselbl = parseParam(uselbl, false) local linkredir = args.linkredir linkredir = parseParam(linkredir, false) local formatvalue = args.formatvalue or args.fv formatvalue = parseParam(formatvalue, false) -- see if item might need italics or quotes local fmt = "" if next(formats) and formatvalue then for k, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P31") ) do if v.mainsnak.datavalue and formats[v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id] then fmt = formats[v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id] break -- pick the first match end end end local disp local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) local label, islabel if dtxt then label, islabel = dtxt, true elseif shortname then -- see if there is a shortname in our language, and set label to it for k, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P1813") ) do if v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == lang then label, islabel = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text, true break end -- test for language match end -- loop through values of short name -- if we have no label set, then there was no shortname available if not islabel then label, islabel = labelOrId(id) shortname = false end else label, islabel = labelOrId(id) end if mw.site.siteName ~= "Wikimedia Commons" then if sitelink then if not (dtxt or shortname) then -- if sitelink and label are the same except for case, no need to process further if sitelink:lower() ~= label:lower() then -- strip any namespace or dab from the sitelink local pos = sitelink:find(":") or 0 local slink = sitelink if pos > 0 then local pfx = sitelink:sub(1,pos-1) if mw.site.namespaces[pfx] then -- that prefix is a valid namespace, so remove it slink = sitelink:sub(pos+1) end end -- remove stuff after commas or inside parentheses - ie. dabs slink = slink:gsub("%s%(.+%)$", ""):gsub(",.+$", "") -- if uselbl is false, use sitelink instead of label if not uselbl then -- use slink as display, preserving label case - find("^%u") is true for 1st char uppercase if label:find("^%u") then label = slink:gsub("^(%l)", string.upper) else label = slink:gsub("^(%u)", string.lower) end end end end if donotlink[label] then disp = prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix else disp = "[[" .. lprefix .. sitelink .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix .. "]]" end elseif islabel then -- no sitelink, label exists, so check if a redirect with that title exists, if linkredir is true -- display plain label by default disp = prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix if linkredir then local artitle = mw.title.new(label, 0) -- only nil if label has invalid chars if not donotlink[label] and artitle and artitle.redirectTarget then -- there's a redirect with the same title as the label, so let's link to that disp = "[[".. lprefix .. label .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix .. "]]" end end -- test if article title exists as redirect on current Wiki else -- no sitelink and no label, so return whatever was returned from labelOrId for now -- add tracking category [[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]] -- for enwiki, just return the tracking category if mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() == "enwiki" then disp = i18n.missinginfocat else disp = prefix .. label .. postfix .. i18n.missinginfocat end end else local ccat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P373")[1] if ccat and ccat.mainsnak.datavalue then ccat = ccat.mainsnak.datavalue.value disp = "[[" .. lprefix .. "Category:" .. ccat .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. label .. postfix .. "]]" elseif sitelink then -- this asumes that if a sitelink exists, then a label also exists disp = "[[" .. lprefix .. sitelink .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. label .. postfix .. "]]" else -- no sitelink and no Commons cat, so return label from labelOrId for now disp = prefix .. label .. postfix end end return disp end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- sourced takes a table representing a statement that may or may not have references -- it looks for a reference sourced to something not containing the word "wikipedia" -- it returns a boolean = true if it finds a sourced reference. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local sourced = function(claim) if claim.references then for kr, vr in pairs(claim.references) do local ref = mw.wikibase.renderSnaks(vr.snaks) if not ref:find("Wiki") then return true end end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- setRanks takes a flag (parameter passed) that requests the values to return -- "b[est]" returns preferred if available, otherwise normal -- "p[referred]" returns preferred -- "n[ormal]" returns normal -- "d[eprecated]" returns deprecated -- multiple values are allowed, e.g. "preferred normal" (which is the default) -- "best" will override the other flags, and set p and n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local setRanks = function(rank) rank = (rank or ""):lower() -- if nothing passed, return preferred and normal -- if rank == "" then rank = "p n" end local ranks = {} for w in string.gmatch(rank, "%a+") do w = w:sub(1,1) if w == "b" or w == "p" or w == "n" or w == "d" then ranks[w] = true end end -- check if "best" is requested or no ranks requested; and if so, set preferred and normal if ranks.b or not next(ranks) then ranks.p = true ranks.n = true end return ranks end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- parseInput processes the Q-id , the blacklist and the whitelist -- if an input parameter is supplied, it returns that and ends the call. -- it returns (1) either the qid or nil indicating whether or not the call should continue -- and (2) a table containing all of the statements for the propertyID and relevant Qid -- if "best" ranks are requested, it returns those instead of all non-deprecated ranks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local parseInput = function(frame, input_parm, property_id) -- There may be a local parameter supplied, if it's blank, set it to nil input_parm = mw.text.trim(input_parm or "") if input_parm == "" then input_parm = nil end -- return nil if Wikidata is not available if not mw.wikibase then return false, input_parm end local args = frame.args -- can take a named parameter |qid which is the Wikidata ID for the article. -- if it's not supplied, use the id for the current page local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end -- if there's no Wikidata item for the current page return nil if not qid then return false, input_parm end -- The blacklist is passed in named parameter |suppressfields local blacklist = args.suppressfields or args.spf or "" -- The whitelist is passed in named parameter |fetchwikidata local whitelist = args.fetchwikidata or args.fwd or "" if whitelist == "" then whitelist = "NONE" end -- The name of the field that this function is called from is passed in named parameter |name local fieldname = args.name or "" if blacklist ~= "" then -- The name is compulsory when blacklist is used, so return nil if it is not supplied if fieldname == "" then return false, nil end -- If this field is on the blacklist, then return nil if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return false, nil end end -- If we got this far then we're not on the blacklist -- The blacklist overrides any locally supplied parameter as well -- If a non-blank input parameter was supplied return it if input_parm then return false, input_parm end -- We can filter out non-valid properties if property_id:sub(1,1):upper() ~="P" or property_id == "P0" then return false, nil end -- Otherwise see if this field is on the whitelist: -- needs a bit more logic because find will return its second value = 0 if fieldname is "" -- but nil if fieldname not found on whitelist local _, found = whitelist:find(fieldname) found = ((found or 0) > 0) if whitelist ~= 'ALL' and (whitelist:upper() == "NONE" or not found) then return false, nil end -- See what's on Wikidata (the call always returns a table, but it may be empty): local props = {} if args.reqranks.b then props = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, property_id) else props = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, property_id) end if props[1] then return qid, props end -- no property on Wikidata return false, nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- createicon assembles the "Edit at Wikidata" pen icon. -- It returns a wikitext string inside a span class="penicon" -- if entityID is nil or empty, the ID associated with current page is used -- langcode and propertyID may be nil or empty ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: i18n[]; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local createicon = function(langcode, entityID, propertyID) langcode = langcode or "" if not entityID or entityID == "" then entityID= mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end propertyID = propertyID or "" local icon = "&nbsp;<span class='penicon autoconfirmed-show'>[[" -- "&nbsp;<span data-bridge-edit-flow='overwrite' class='penicon'>[[" -> enable Wikidata Bridge .. i18n["filespace"] .. ":OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg |frameless |text-top |10px |alt=" .. i18n["editonwikidata"] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. entityID if langcode ~= "" then icon = icon .. "?uselang=" .. langcode end if propertyID ~= "" then icon = icon .. "#" .. propertyID end icon = icon .. "|" .. i18n["editonwikidata"] .. "]]</span>" return icon end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- assembleoutput takes the sequence table containing the property values -- and formats it according to switches given. It returns a string or nil. -- It uses the entityID (and optionally propertyID) to create a link in the pen icon. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local assembleoutput = function(out, args, entityID, propertyID) -- sorted is a boolean passed to enable sorting of the values returned -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false -- if "false" or "no" or "0" is passed set it false local sorted = parseParam(args.sorted, false) -- noicon is a boolean passed to suppress the trailing "edit at Wikidata" icon -- for use when the value is processed further by the infobox -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false -- if "false" or "no" or "0" is passed set it false local noic = parseParam(args.noicon, false) -- list is the name of a template that a list of multiple values is passed through -- examples include "hlist" and "ubl" -- setting it to "prose" produces something like "1, 2, 3, and 4" local list = args.list or "" -- sep is a string that is used to separate multiple returned values -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it to the default -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed -- e.g. |sep=" - " local sepdefault = i18n["list separator"] local separator = args.sep or "" separator = string.gsub(separator, '"', '') if separator == "" then separator = sepdefault end -- collapse is a number that determines the maximum number of returned values -- before the output is collapsed. -- Zero or not a number result in no collapsing (default becomes 0). local collapse = tonumber(args.collapse) or 0 -- replacetext (rt) is a string that is returned instead of any non-empty Wikidata value -- this is useful for tracking and debugging local replacetext = mw.text.trim(args.rt or args.replacetext or "") -- if there's anything to return, then return a list -- comma-separated by default, but may be specified by the sep parameter -- optionally specify a hlist or ubl or a prose list, etc. local strout if #out > 0 then if sorted then table.sort(out) end -- if there's something to display and a pen icon is wanted, add it the end of the last value local hasdisplay = false for i, v in ipairs(out) do if v ~= i18n.missinginfocat then hasdisplay = true break end end if not noic and hasdisplay then out[#out] = out[#out] .. createicon(args.langobj.code, entityID, propertyID) end if list == "" then strout = table.concat(out, separator) elseif list:lower() == "prose" then strout = mw.text.listToText( out ) else strout = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = list, args = out} end if collapse >0 and #out > collapse then strout = collapsediv .. strout .. "</div>" end else strout = nil -- no items had valid reference end if replacetext ~= "" and strout then strout = replacetext end return strout end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- rendersnak takes a table (propval) containing the information stored on one property value -- and returns the value as a string and its language if monolingual text. -- It handles data of type: -- wikibase-item -- time -- string, url, commonsMedia, external-id -- quantity -- globe-coordinate -- monolingualtext -- It also requires linked, the link/pre/postfixes, uabbr, and the arguments passed from frame. -- The optional filter parameter allows quantities to be be filtered by unit Qid. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); labelOrId(); i18n[]; dateFormat(); -- roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); linkedItem(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local rendersnak = function(propval, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter) lpre = lpre or "" lpost = lpost or "" pre = pre or "" post = post or "" args.lang = args.lang or findLang().code -- allow values to display a fixed text instead of label local dtxt = args.displaytext or args.dt if dtxt == "" then dtxt = nil end -- switch to use display of short name (P1813) instead of label local shortname = args.shortname or args.sn shortname = parseParam(shortname, false) local snak = propval.mainsnak or propval local dtype = snak.datatype local dv = snak.datavalue dv = dv and dv.value -- value and monolingual text language code returned local val, mlt if propval.rank and not args.reqranks[propval.rank:sub(1, 1)] then -- val is nil: value has a rank that isn't requested ------------------------------------ elseif snak.snaktype == "somevalue" then -- value is unknown val = i18n["Unknown"] ------------------------------------ elseif snak.snaktype == "novalue" then -- value is none -- val = "No value" -- don't return anything ------------------------------------ elseif dtype == "wikibase-item" then -- data type is a wikibase item: -- it's wiki-linked value, so output as link if enabled and possible local qnumber = dv.id if linked then val = linkedItem(qnumber, args) else -- no link wanted so check for display-text, otherwise test for lang code local label, islabel if dtxt then label = dtxt else label, islabel = labelOrId(qnumber) local langlabel = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qnumber, args.lang) if langlabel then label = mw.text.nowiki( langlabel ) end end val = pre .. label .. post end -- test for link required ------------------------------------ elseif dtype == "time" then -- data type is time: -- time is in timestamp format -- date precision is integer per mediawiki -- output formatting according to preferences (y/dmy/mdy) -- BC format as BC or BCE -- plaindate is passed to disable looking for "sourcing cirumstances" -- or to set the adjectival form -- qualifiers (if any) is a nested table or nil -- lang is given, or user language, or site language -- -- Here we can check whether args.df has a value -- If not, use code from Module:Sandbox/RexxS/Getdateformat to set it from templates like {{Use mdy dates}} val = dateFormat(dv.time, dv.precision, args.df, args.bc, args.pd, propval.qualifiers, args.lang, "", dv.calendarmodel) ------------------------------------ -- data types which are strings: elseif dtype == "commonsMedia" or dtype == "external-id" or dtype == "string" or dtype == "url" then -- commonsMedia or external-id or string or url -- all have mainsnak.datavalue.value as string if (lpre == "" or lpre == ":") and lpost == "" then -- don't link if no linkpre/postfix or linkprefix is just ":" val = pre .. dv .. post elseif dtype == "external-id" then val = "[" .. lpre .. dv .. lpost .. " " .. pre .. dv .. post .. "]" else val = "[[" .. lpre .. dv .. lpost .. "|" .. pre .. dv .. post .. "]]" end -- check for link requested (i.e. either linkprefix or linkpostfix exists) ------------------------------------ -- data types which are quantities: elseif dtype == "quantity" then -- quantities have mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount and mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit -- the unit is of the form http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q829073 -- -- implement a switch to turn on/off numerical formatting later local fnum = true -- -- a switch to turn on/off conversions - only for en-wiki local conv = parseParam(args.conv or args.convert, false) -- if we have conversions, we won't have formatted numbers or scales if conv then uabbr = true fnum = false args.scale = "0" end -- -- a switch to turn on/off showing units, default is true local showunits = parseParam(args.su or args.showunits, true) -- -- convert amount to a number local amount = tonumber(dv.amount) or i18n["NaN"] -- -- scale factor for millions, billions, etc. local sc = tostring(args.scale or ""):sub(1,1):lower() local scale if sc == "a" then -- automatic scaling if amount > 1e15 then scale = 12 elseif amount > 1e12 then scale = 9 elseif amount > 1e9 then scale = 6 elseif amount > 1e6 then scale = 3 else scale = 0 end else scale = tonumber(args.scale) or 0 if scale < 0 or scale > 12 then scale = 0 end scale = math.floor(scale/3) * 3 end local factor = 10^scale amount = amount / factor -- ranges: local range = "" -- check if upper and/or lower bounds are given and significant local upb = tonumber(dv.upperBound) local lowb = tonumber(dv.lowerBound) if upb and lowb then -- differences rounded to 2 sig fig: local posdif = roundto(upb - amount, 2) / factor local negdif = roundto(amount - lowb, 2) / factor upb, lowb = amount + posdif, amount - negdif -- round scaled numbers to integers or 4 sig fig if (scale > 0 or sc == "a") then if amount < 1e4 then amount = roundto(amount, 4) else amount = math.floor(amount + 0.5) end end if fnum then amount = args.langobj:formatNum( amount ) end if posdif ~= negdif then -- non-symmetrical range = " +" .. posdif .. " -" .. negdif elseif posdif ~= 0 then -- symmetrical and non-zero range = " ±" .. posdif else -- otherwise range is zero, so leave it as "" end else -- round scaled numbers to integers or 4 sig fig if (scale > 0 or sc == "a") then if amount < 1e4 then amount = roundto(amount, 4) else amount = math.floor(amount + 0.5) end end if fnum then amount = args.langobj:formatNum( amount ) end end -- unit names and symbols: -- extract the qid in the form 'Qnnn' from the value.unit url -- and then fetch the label from that - or symbol if unitabbr is true local unit = "" local usep = "" local usym = "" local unitqid = string.match( dv.unit, "(Q%d+)" ) if filter and unitqid ~= filter then return nil end if unitqid and showunits then local uname = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(unitqid, args.lang) or "" if uname ~= "" then usep, unit = " ", uname end if uabbr then -- see if there's a unit symbol (P5061) local unitsymbols = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(unitqid, "P5061") -- construct fallback table, add local lang and multiple languages local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( args.lang ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, args.lang ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, "mul" ) local found = false for idx1, us in ipairs(unitsymbols) do for idx2, fblang in ipairs(fbtbl) do if us.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == fblang then usym = us.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text found = true break end if found then break end end -- loop through fallback table end -- loop through values of P5061 if found then usep, unit = "&nbsp;", usym end end end -- format display: if conv then if range == "" then val = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = "cvt", args = {amount, unit}} else val = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = "cvt", args = {lowb, "to", upb, unit}} end elseif unit == "$" or unit == "£" then val = unit .. amount .. range .. i18n.multipliers[scale] else val = amount .. range .. i18n.multipliers[scale] .. usep .. unit end ------------------------------------ -- datatypes which are global coordinates: elseif dtype == "globe-coordinate" then -- 'display' parameter defaults to "inline, title" *** unused for now *** -- local disp = args.display or "" -- if disp == "" then disp = "inline, title" end -- -- format parameter switches from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees -- default is deg/min/sec -- decimal degrees needs |format = dec local form = (args.format or ""):lower():sub(1,3) if form ~= "dec" then form = "dms" end -- not needed for now -- -- show parameter allows just the latitude, or just the longitude, or both -- to be returned as a signed decimal, ignoring the format parameter. local show = (args.show or ""):lower() if show ~= "longlat" then show = show:sub(1,3) end -- local lat, long, prec = dv.latitude, dv.longitude, dv.precision if show == "lat" then val = decimalPrecision(lat, prec) elseif show == "lon" then val = decimalPrecision(long, prec) elseif show == "longlat" then val = decimalPrecision(long, prec) .. ", " .. decimalPrecision(lat, prec) else local ns = "N" local ew = "E" if lat < 0 then ns = "S" lat = - lat end if long < 0 then ew = "W" long = - long end if form == "dec" then lat = decimalPrecision(lat, prec) long = decimalPrecision(long, prec) val = lat .. "°" .. ns .. " " .. long .. "°" .. ew else local latdeg, latmin, latsec = decimalToDMS(lat, prec) local longdeg, longmin, longsec = decimalToDMS(long, prec) if latsec == 0 and longsec == 0 then if latmin == 0 and longmin == 0 then val = latdeg .. "°" .. ns .. " " .. longdeg .. "°" .. ew else val = latdeg .. "°" .. latmin .. "′" .. ns .. " " val = val .. longdeg .. "°".. longmin .. "′" .. ew end else val = latdeg .. "°" .. latmin .. "′" .. latsec .. "″" .. ns .. " " val = val .. longdeg .. "°" .. longmin .. "′" .. longsec .. "″" .. ew end end end ------------------------------------ elseif dtype == "monolingualtext" then -- data type is Monolingual text: -- has mainsnak.datavalue.value as a table containing language/text pairs -- collect all the values in 'out' and languages in 'mlt' and process them later val = pre .. dv.text .. post mlt = dv.language ------------------------------------ else -- some other data type so write a specific handler val = "unknown data type: " .. dtype end -- of datatype/unknown value/sourced check return val, mlt end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- propertyvalueandquals takes a property object, the arguments passed from frame, -- and a qualifier propertyID. -- It returns a sequence (table) of values representing the values of that property -- and qualifiers that match the qualifierID if supplied. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); sourced(); labelOrId(); i18n.latestdatequalifier(); format_Date(); -- makeOrdinal(); roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); assembleoutput(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function propertyvalueandquals(objproperty, args, qualID) -- needs this style of declaration because it's re-entrant -- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return only values sourced to other than Wikipedia -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) -- linked is a a boolean that enables the link to a local page via sitelink -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true local linked = parseParam(args.linked, true) -- prefix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this is prefixed to each value -- useful when when multiple values are returned -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local prefix = (args.prefix or ""):gsub('"', '') -- postfix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this is postfixed to each value -- useful when when multiple values are returned -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local postfix = (args.postfix or ""):gsub('"', '') -- linkprefix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this creates a link and is then prefixed to each value -- useful when when multiple values are returned and indirect links are needed -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local lprefix = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') -- linkpostfix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this is postfixed to each value when linking is enabled with lprefix -- useful when when multiple values are returned -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local lpostfix = (args.linkpostfix or ""):gsub('"', '') -- wdlinks is a boolean passed to enable links to Wikidata when no article exists -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false local wdl = parseParam(args.wdlinks or args.wdl, false) -- unitabbr is a boolean passed to enable unit abbreviations for common units -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false local uabbr = parseParam(args.unitabbr or args.uabbr, false) -- qualsonly is a boolean passed to return just the qualifiers -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false local qualsonly = parseParam(args.qualsonly or args.qo, false) -- maxvals is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a number -- this determines how many items may be returned when multiple values are available -- setting it = 1 is useful where the returned string is used within another call, e.g. image local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 -- pd (plain date) is a string: yes/true/1 | no/false/0 | adj -- to disable/enable "sourcing cirumstances" or use adjectival form for the plain date local pd = args.plaindate or args.pd or "no" args.pd = pd -- allow qualifiers to have a different date format; default to year unless qualsonly is set args.qdf = args.qdf or args.qualifierdateformat or args.df or (not qualsonly and "y") local lang = args.lang or findLang().code -- qualID is a string list of wanted qualifiers or "ALL" qualID = qualID or "" -- capitalise list of wanted qualifiers and substitute "DATES" qualID = qualID:upper():gsub("DATES", "P580, P582") local allflag = (qualID == "ALL") -- create table of wanted qualifiers as key local qwanted = {} -- create sequence of wanted qualifiers local qorder = {} for q in mw.text.gsplit(qualID, "%p") do -- split at punctuation and iterate local qtrim = mw.text.trim(q) if qtrim ~= "" then qwanted[mw.text.trim(q)] = true qorder[#qorder+1] = qtrim end end -- qsep is the output separator for rendering qualifier list local qsep = (args.qsep or ""):gsub('"', '') -- qargs are the arguments to supply to assembleoutput() local qargs = { ["osd"] = "false", ["linked"] = tostring(linked), ["prefix"] = args.qprefix, ["postfix"] = args.qpostfix, ["linkprefix"] = args.qlinkprefix or args.qlp, ["linkpostfix"] = args.qlinkpostfix, ["wdl"] = "false", ["unitabbr"] = tostring(uabbr), ["maxvals"] = 0, ["sorted"] = tostring(args.qsorted), ["noicon"] = "true", ["list"] = args.qlist, ["sep"] = qsep, ["langobj"] = args.langobj, ["lang"] = args.langobj.code, ["df"] = args.qdf, ["sn"] = parseParam(args.qsn or args.qshortname, false), } -- all proper values of a Wikidata property will be the same type as the first -- qualifiers don't have a mainsnak, properties do local datatype = objproperty[1].datatype or objproperty[1].mainsnak.datatype -- out[] holds the a list of returned values for this property -- mlt[] holds the language code if the datatype is monolingual text local out = {} local mlt = {} for k, v in ipairs(objproperty) do local hasvalue = true if (onlysrc and not sourced(v)) then -- no value: it isn't sourced when onlysourced=true hasvalue = false else local val, lcode = rendersnak(v, args, linked, lprefix, lpostfix, prefix, postfix, uabbr) if not val then hasvalue = false -- rank doesn't match elseif qualsonly and qualID then -- suppress value returned: only qualifiers are requested else out[#out+1], mlt[#out+1] = val, lcode end end -- See if qualifiers are to be returned: local snak = v.mainsnak or v if hasvalue and v.qualifiers and qualID ~= "" and snak.snaktype~="novalue" then -- collect all wanted qualifier values returned in qlist, indexed by propertyID local qlist = {} local timestart, timeend = "", "" -- loop through qualifiers for k1, v1 in pairs(v.qualifiers) do if allflag or qwanted[k1] then if k1 == "P1326" then local ts = v1[1].datavalue.value.time local dp = v1[1].datavalue.value.precision qlist[k1] = dateFormat(ts, dp, args.qdf, args.bc, pd, "", lang, "before") elseif k1 == "P1319" then local ts = v1[1].datavalue.value.time local dp = v1[1].datavalue.value.precision qlist[k1] = dateFormat(ts, dp, args.qdf, args.bc, pd, "", lang, "after") elseif k1 == "P580" then timestart = propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs)[1] or "" -- treat only one start time as valid elseif k1 == "P582" then timeend = propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs)[1] or "" -- treat only one end time as valid else local q = assembleoutput(propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs), qargs) -- we already deal with circa via 'sourcing circumstances' if the datatype was time -- circa may be either linked or unlinked *** internationalise later *** if datatype ~= "time" or q ~= "circa" and not (type(q) == "string" and q:find("circa]]")) then qlist[k1] = q end end end -- of test for wanted end -- of loop through qualifiers -- set date separator local t = timestart .. timeend -- *** internationalise date separators later *** local dsep = "&ndash;" if t:find("%s") or t:find("&nbsp;") then dsep = " &ndash; " end -- set the order for the list of qualifiers returned; start time and end time go last if next(qlist) then local qlistout = {} if allflag then for k2, v2 in pairs(qlist) do qlistout[#qlistout+1] = v2 end else for i2, v2 in ipairs(qorder) do qlistout[#qlistout+1] = qlist[v2] end end if t ~= "" then qlistout[#qlistout+1] = timestart .. dsep .. timeend end local qstr = assembleoutput(qlistout, qargs) if qualsonly then out[#out+1] = qstr else out[#out] = out[#out] .. " (" .. qstr .. ")" end elseif t ~= "" then if qualsonly then if timestart == "" then out[#out+1] = timeend elseif timeend == "" then out[#out+1] = timestart else out[#out+1] = timestart .. dsep .. timeend end else out[#out] = out[#out] .. " (" .. timestart .. dsep .. timeend .. ")" end end end -- of test for qualifiers wanted if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of for each value loop -- we need to pick one value to return if the datatype was "monolingualtext" -- if there's only one value, use that -- otherwise look through the fallback languages for a match if datatype == "monolingualtext" and #out >1 then lang = mw.text.split( lang, '-', true )[1] local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( lang ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, lang ) local bestval = "" local found = false for idx1, lang1 in ipairs(fbtbl) do for idx2, lang2 in ipairs(mlt) do if (lang1 == lang2) and not found then bestval = out[idx2] found = true break end end -- loop through values of property end -- loop through fallback languages if found then -- replace output table with a table containing the best value out = { bestval } else -- more than one value and none of them on the list of fallback languages -- sod it, just give them the first one out = { out[1] } end end return out end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Common code for p.getValueByQual and p.getValueByLang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getvaluebyqual = function(frame, qualID, checkvalue) -- The property ID that will have a qualifier is the first unnamed parameter local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") if propertyID == "" then return "no property supplied" end if qualID == "" then return "no qualifier supplied" end -- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return property values -- only when property values are sourced to something other than Wikipedia -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true -- if "false" or "no" or 0 is passed set it false local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true) -- set the requested ranks flags frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) -- set a language object and code in the frame.args table frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local args = frame.args -- check for locally supplied parameter in second unnamed parameter -- success means no local parameter and the property exists local qid, props = parseInput(frame, args[2], propertyID) local linked = parseParam(args.linked, true) local lpre = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') local lpost = (args.linkpostfix or ""):gsub('"', '') local pre = (args.prefix or ""):gsub('"', '') local post = (args.postfix or ""):gsub('"', '') local uabbr = parseParam(args.unitabbr or args.uabbr, false) local filter = (args.unit or ""):upper() if filter == "" then filter = nil end if qid then local out = {} -- Scan through the values of the property -- we want something like property is "pronunciation audio (P443)" in propertyID -- with a qualifier like "language of work or name (P407)" in qualID -- whose value has the required ID, like "British English (Q7979)", in qval for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do if v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then -- check if it has the right qualifier local v1q = v1.qualifiers if v1q and v1q[qualID] then if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then -- if we've got this far, we have a (sourced) claim with qualifiers -- so see if matches the required value -- We'll only deal with wikibase-items and strings for now if v1q[qualID][1].datatype == "wikibase-item" then if checkvalue(v1q[qualID][1].datavalue.value.id) then out[#out + 1] = rendersnak(v1, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter) end elseif v1q[qualID][1].datatype == "string" then if checkvalue(v1q[qualID][1].datavalue.value) then out[#out + 1] = rendersnak(v1, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter) end end end -- of check for sourced end -- of check for matching required value and has qualifiers else return nil end -- of check for string end -- of loop through values of propertyID return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID) else return props -- either local parameter or nothing end -- of test for success return nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _location takes Q-id and follows P276 (location) -- or P131 (located in the administrative territorial entity) or P706 (located on terrain feature) -- from the initial item to higher level territories/locations until it reaches the highest. -- An optional boolean, 'first', determines whether the first item is returned (default: false). -- An optional boolean 'skip' toggles the display to skip to the last item (default: false). -- It returns a table containing the locations - linked where possible, except for the highest. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); labelOrId(); linkedItem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _location = function(qid, first, skip) first = parseParam(first, false) skip = parseParam(skip, false) local locs = {"P276", "P131", "P706"} local out = {} local langcode = findLang():getCode() local finished = false local count = 0 local prevqid = "Q0" repeat local prop for i1, v1 in ipairs(locs) do local proptbl = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, v1) if #proptbl > 1 then -- there is more than one higher location local prevP131, prevP131id if prevqid ~= "Q0" then prevP131 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(prevqid, "P131")[1] prevP131id = prevP131 and prevP131.mainsnak.datavalue and prevP131.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id end for i2, v2 in ipairs(proptbl) do local parttbl = v2.qualifiers and v2.qualifiers.P518 if parttbl then -- this higher location has qualifier 'applies to part' (P518) for i3, v3 in ipairs(parttbl) do if v3.snaktype == "value" and v3.datavalue.value.id == prevqid then -- it has a value equal to the previous location prop = proptbl[i2] break end -- of test for matching last location end -- of loop through values of 'applies to part' else -- there's no qualifier 'applies to part' (P518) -- so check if the previous location had a P131 that matches this alternate if qid == prevP131id then prop = proptbl[i2] break end -- of test for matching previous P131 end end -- of loop through parent locations -- fallback to second value if match not found prop = prop or proptbl[2] elseif #proptbl > 0 then prop = proptbl[1] end if prop then break end end -- check if it's an instance of (P31) a country (Q6256) or sovereign state (Q3624078) -- and terminate the chain if it is local inst = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, "P31") if #inst > 0 then for k, v in ipairs(inst) do local instid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id -- stop if it's a country (or a country within the United Kingdom if skip is true) if instid == "Q6256" or instid == "Q3624078" or (skip and instid == "Q3336843") then prop = nil -- this will ensure this is treated as top-level location break end end end -- get the name of this location and update qid to point to the parent location if prop and prop.mainsnak.datavalue then if not skip or count == 0 then local args = { lprefix = ":" } out[#out+1] = linkedItem(qid, args) -- get a linked value if we can end qid, prevqid = prop.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id, qid else -- This is top-level location, so get short name except when this is the first item -- Use full label if there's no short name or this is the first item local prop1813 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, "P1813") -- if there's a short name and this isn't the only item if prop1813[1] and (#out > 0)then local shortname -- short name is monolingual text, so look for match to the local language -- choose the shortest 'short name' in that language for k, v in pairs(prop1813) do if v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == langcode then local name = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text if (not shortname) or (#name < #shortname) then shortname = name end end end -- add the shortname if one is found, fallback to the label -- but skip it if it's "USA" if shortname ~= "USA" then out[#out+1] = shortname or labelOrId(qid) else if skip then out[#out+1] = "US" end end else -- no shortname, so just add the label local loc = labelOrId(qid) -- exceptions go here: if loc == "United States of America" then out[#out+1] = "United States" else out[#out+1] = loc end end finished = true end count = count + 1 until finished or count >= 10 -- limit to 10 levels to avoid infinite loops -- remove the first location if not required if not first then table.remove(out, 1) end -- we might have duplicate text for consecutive locations, so remove them if #out > 2 then local plain = {} for i, v in ipairs(out) do -- strip any links plain[i] = v:gsub("^%[%[[^|]*|", ""):gsub("]]$", "") end local idx = 2 repeat if plain[idx] == plain[idx-1] then -- duplicate found local removeidx = 0 if (plain[idx] ~= out[idx]) and (plain[idx-1] == out[idx-1]) then -- only second one is linked, so drop the first removeidx = idx - 1 elseif (plain[idx] == out[idx]) and (plain[idx-1] ~= out[idx-1]) then -- only first one is linked, so drop the second removeidx = idx else -- pick one removeidx = idx - (os.time()%2) end table.remove(out, removeidx) table.remove(plain, removeidx) else idx = idx +1 end until idx >= #out end return out end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getsumofparts scans the property 'has part' (P527) for values matching a list. -- The list (args.vlist) consists of a string of Qids separated by spaces or any usual punctuation. -- If the matched values have a qualifer 'quantity' (P1114), those quantites are summed. -- The sum is returned as a number (i.e. 0 if none) -- a table of arguments is supplied implementing the usual parameters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: setRanks; parseParam; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getsumofparts = function(args) local vallist = (args.vlist or ""):upper() if vallist == "" then return end args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) local f = {} f.args = args local qid, props = parseInput(f, "", "P527") if not qid then return 0 end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local sum = 0 for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do if (onlysrc == false or sourced(v1)) and v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and v1.mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid" and vallist:match( v1.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id ) and v1.qualifiers then local quals = v1.qualifiers["P1114"] if quals then for k2, v2 in ipairs(quals) do sum = sum + v2.datavalue.value.amount end end end end return sum end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Public functions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getValue makes the functionality of getValue available to other modules ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; parseParam; sourced; -- labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p._getValue = function(args) -- parameter sets for commonly used groups of parameters local paraset = tonumber(args.ps or args.parameterset or 0) if paraset == 1 then -- a common setting args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" elseif paraset == 2 then -- equivalent to raw args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" args.linked = "no" args.pd = "true" elseif paraset == 3 then -- third set goes here end -- implement eid parameter local eid = args.eid if eid == "" then return nil elseif eid then args.qid = eid end local propertyID = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) -- replacetext (rt) is a string that is returned instead of any non-empty Wikidata value -- this is useful for tracking and debugging, so we set fetchwikidata=ALL to fill the whitelist local replacetext = mw.text.trim(args.rt or args.replacetext or "") if replacetext ~= "" then args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" end local f = {} f.args = args local entityid, props = parseInput(f, f.args[2], propertyID) if not entityid then return props -- either the input parameter or nothing end -- qual is a string containing the property ID of the qualifier(s) to be returned -- if qual == "ALL" then all qualifiers returned -- if qual == "DATES" then qualifiers P580 (start time) and P582 (end time) returned -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it nil -> no qualifiers returned local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or ""):upper() if qualID == "" then qualID = nil end -- set a language object and code in the args table args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code -- table 'out' stores the return value(s): local out = propertyvalueandquals(props, args, qualID) -- format the table of values and return it as a string: return assembleoutput(out, args, entityid, propertyID) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValue is used to get the value(s) of a property -- The property ID is passed as the first unnamed parameter and is required. -- A locally supplied parameter may optionaly be supplied as the second unnamed parameter. -- The function will now also return qualifiers if parameter qual is supplied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getValue; setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; parseParam; sourced; -- labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValue = function(frame) local args= frame.args if not args[1] then args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return i18n.errors["No property supplied"] end end return p._getValue(args) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getPreferredValue is used to get a value, -- (or a comma separated list of them if multiple values exist). -- If preferred ranks are set, it will return those values, otherwise values with normal ranks -- now redundant to getValue with |rank=best ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: p.getValue; setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; -- parseParam; sourced; labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; -- makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getPreferredValue = function(frame) frame.args.rank = "best" return p.getValue(frame) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getCoords is used to get coordinates for display in an infobox -- whitelist and blacklist are implemented -- optional 'display' parameter is allowed, defaults to nil - was "inline, title" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: setRanks(); parseInput(); decimalPrecision(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getCoords = function(frame) local propertyID = "P625" -- if there is a 'display' parameter supplied, use it -- otherwise default to nothing local disp = frame.args.display or "" if disp == "" then disp = nil -- default to not supplying display parameter, was "inline, title" end -- there may be a format parameter to switch from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees -- default is deg/min/sec -- decimal degrees needs |format = dec local form = (frame.args.format or ""):lower():sub(1,3) if form ~= "dec" then form = "dms" end -- just deal with best values frame.args.reqranks = setRanks("best") local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[1], propertyID) if not qid then return props -- either local parameter or nothing else local dv = props[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value local lat, long, prec = dv.latitude, dv.longitude, dv.precision lat = decimalPrecision(lat, prec) long = decimalPrecision(long, prec) local lat_long = { lat, long } lat_long["display"] = disp lat_long["format"] = form -- invoke template Coord with the values stored in the table return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'coord', args = lat_long} end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getQualifierValue is used to get a formatted value of a qualifier -- -- The call needs: a property (the unnamed parameter or 1=) -- a target value for that property (pval=) -- a qualifier for that target value (qual=) -- The usual whitelisting and blacklisting of the property is implemented -- The boolean onlysourced= parameter can be set to return nothing -- when the property is unsourced (or only sourced to Wikipedia) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); setRanks(); parseInput(); sourced(); -- propertyvalueandquals(); assembleoutput(); -- labelOrId(); i18n.latestdatequalifier(); format_Date(); -- findLang(); makeOrdinal(); roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getQualifierValue = function(frame) -- The property ID that will have a qualifier is the first unnamed parameter local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") -- The value of the property we want to match whose qualifier value is to be returned -- is passed in named parameter |pval= local propvalue = frame.args.pval -- The property ID of the qualifier -- whose value is to be returned is passed in named parameter |qual= local qualifierID = frame.args.qual -- A filter can be set like this: filter=P642==Q22674854 local filter, fprop, fval local ftable = mw.text.split(frame.args.filter or "", "==") if ftable[2] then fprop = mw.text.trim(ftable[1]) fval = mw.text.trim(ftable[2]) filter = true end -- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return qualifiers -- only when property values are sourced to something other than Wikipedia -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true -- if "false" or "no" or 0 is passed set it false local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true) -- set a language object and language code in the frame.args table frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code -- set the requested ranks flags frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) -- check for locally supplied parameter in second unnamed parameter -- success means no local parameter and the property exists local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[2], propertyID) if qid then local out = {} -- Scan through the values of the property -- we want something like property is P793, significant event (in propertyID) -- whose value is something like Q385378, construction (in propvalue) -- then we can return the value(s) of a qualifier such as P580, start time (in qualifierID) for k1, v1 in pairs(props) do if v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and v1.mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid" then -- It's a wiki-linked value, so check if it's the target (in propvalue) and if it has qualifiers if v1.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == propvalue and v1.qualifiers then if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then -- if we've got this far, we have a (sourced) claim with qualifiers -- which matches the target, so apply the filter and find the value(s) of the qualifier we want if not filter or (v1.qualifiers[fprop] and v1.qualifiers[fprop][1].datavalue.value.id == fval) then local quals = v1.qualifiers[qualifierID] if quals then -- can't reference qualifer, so set onlysourced = "no" (args are strings, not boolean) local qargs = frame.args qargs.onlysourced = "no" local vals = propertyvalueandquals(quals, qargs, qid) for k, v in ipairs(vals) do out[#out + 1] = v end end end end -- of check for sourced end -- of check for matching required value and has qualifiers end -- of check for wikibase entity end -- of loop through values of propertyID return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID) else return props -- either local parameter or nothing end -- of test for success return nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getSumOfParts scans the property 'has part' (P527) for values matching a list. -- The list is passed in parameter vlist. -- It consists of a string of Qids separated by spaces or any usual punctuation. -- If the matched values have a qualifier 'quantity' (P1114), those quantities are summed. -- The sum is returned as a number or nothing if zero. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getsumofparts; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getSumOfParts = function(frame) local sum = _getsumofparts(frame.args) if sum == 0 then return end return sum end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValueByQual gets the value of a property which has a qualifier with a given entity value -- The call needs: -- a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx) -- the ID of a qualifier for that property (qualID=Pyyy) -- either the Wikibase-entity ID of a value for that qualifier (qvalue=Qzzz) -- or a string value for that qualifier (qvalue=abc123) -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getvaluebyqual; parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; -- assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValueByQual = function(frame) local qualID = frame.args.qualID -- The Q-id of the value for the qualifier we want to match is in named parameter |qvalue= local qval = frame.args.qvalue or "" if qval == "" then return "no qualifier value supplied" end local function checkQID(id) return id == qval end return _getvaluebyqual(frame, qualID, checkQID) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValueByLang gets the value of a property which has a qualifier P407 -- ("language of work or name") whose value has the given language code -- The call needs: -- a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx) -- the MediaWiki language code to match the language (lang=xx[-yy]) -- (if no code is supplied, it uses the default language) -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getvaluebyqual; parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValueByLang = function(frame) -- The language code for the qualifier we want to match is in named parameter |lang= local langcode = findLang(frame.args.lang).code local function checkLanguage(id) -- id should represent a language like "British English (Q7979)" -- it should have string property "Wikimedia language code (P424)" -- qlcode will be a table: local qlcode = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P424") if (#qlcode > 0) and (qlcode[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value == langcode) then return true end end return _getvaluebyqual(frame, "P407", checkLanguage) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValueByRefSource gets the value of a property which has a reference "stated in" (P248) -- whose value has the given entity-ID. -- The call needs: -- a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx) -- the entity ID of a value to match where the reference is stated in (match=Qzzz) -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValueByRefSource = function(frame) -- The property ID that we want to check is the first unnamed parameter local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or ""):upper() if propertyID == "" then return "no property supplied" end -- The Q-id of the value we want to match is in named parameter |qvalue= local qval = (frame.args.match or ""):upper() if qval == "" then qval = "Q21540096" end local unit = (frame.args.unit or ""):upper() if unit == "" then unit = "Q4917" end local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true) -- set the requested ranks flags frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) -- set a language object and code in the frame.args table frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local linked = parseParam(frame.args.linked, true) local uabbr = parseParam(frame.args.uabbr or frame.args.unitabbr, false) -- qid not nil means no local parameter and the property exists local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[2], propertyID) if qid then local out = {} local mlt= {} for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then if v1.references then for k2, v2 in ipairs(v1.references) do if v2.snaks.P248 then for k3, v3 in ipairs(v2.snaks.P248) do if v3.datavalue.value.id == qval then out[#out+1], mlt[#out+1] = rendersnak(v1, frame.args, linked, "", "", "", "", uabbr, unit) if not mlt[#out] then -- we only need one match per property value -- unless datatype was monolingual text break end end -- of test for match end -- of loop through values "stated in" end -- of test that "stated in" exists end -- of loop through references end -- of test that references exist end -- of test for sourced end -- of loop through values of propertyID if #mlt > 0 then local langcode = frame.args.lang langcode = mw.text.split( langcode, '-', true )[1] local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( langcode ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, langcode ) local bestval = "" local found = false for idx1, lang1 in ipairs(fbtbl) do for idx2, lang2 in ipairs(mlt) do if (lang1 == lang2) and not found then bestval = out[idx2] found = true break end end -- loop through values of property end -- loop through fallback languages if found then -- replace output table with a table containing the best value out = { bestval } else -- more than one value and none of them on the list of fallback languages -- sod it, just give them the first one out = { out[1] } end end return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID) else return props -- no property or local parameter supplied end -- of test for success end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getPropertyIDs takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented. -- It returns the Entity-IDs (Qids) of the values of a property if it is a Wikibase-Entity. -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p._getPropertyIDs = function(args) args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code -- change default for noicon to true args.noicon = tostring(parseParam(args.noicon or "", true)) local f = {} f.args = args local pid = mw.text.trim(args[1] or ""):upper() -- get the qid and table of claims for the property, or nothing and the local value passed local qid, props = parseInput(f, args[2], pid) if not qid then return props end if not props[1] then return nil end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 local out = {} for i, v in ipairs(props) do local snak = v.mainsnak if ( snak.datatype == "wikibase-item" ) and ( v.rank and args.reqranks[v.rank:sub(1, 1)] ) and ( snak.snaktype == "value" ) and ( sourced(v) or not onlysrc ) then out[#out+1] = snak.datavalue.value.id end if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid) end p.getPropertyIDs = function(frame) local args = frame.args return p._getPropertyIDs(args) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getQualifierIDs takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented. -- It takes a property-id as the first unnamed parameter, and an optional parameter qlist -- which is a list of qualifier property-ids to search for (default is "ALL") -- It returns the Entity-IDs (Qids) of the values of a property if it is a Wikibase-Entity. -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getQualifierIDs = function(frame) local args = frame.args args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code -- change default for noicon to true args.noicon = tostring(parseParam(args.noicon or "", true)) local f = {} f.args = args local pid = mw.text.trim(args[1] or ""):upper() -- get the qid and table of claims for the property, or nothing and the local value passed local qid, props = parseInput(f, args[2], pid) if not qid then return props end if not props[1] then return nil end -- get the other parameters local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 local qlist = args.qlist or "" if qlist == "" then qlist = "ALL" end qlist = qlist:gsub("[%p%s]+", " ") .. " " local out = {} for i, v in ipairs(props) do local snak = v.mainsnak if ( v.rank and args.reqranks[v.rank:sub(1, 1)] ) and ( snak.snaktype == "value" ) and ( sourced(v) or not onlysrc ) then if v.qualifiers then for k1, v1 in pairs(v.qualifiers) do if qlist == "ALL " or qlist:match(k1 .. " ") then for i2, v2 in ipairs(v1) do if v2.datatype == "wikibase-item" and v2.snaktype == "value" then out[#out+1] = v2.datavalue.value.id end -- of test that id exists end -- of loop through qualifier values end -- of test for kq in qlist end -- of loop through qualifiers end -- of test for qualifiers end -- of test for rank value, sourced, and value exists if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of loop through property values return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getPropOfProp takes two propertyIDs: prop1 and prop2 (as well as the usual parameters) -- If the value(s) of prop1 are of type "wikibase-item" then it returns the value(s) of prop2 -- of each of those wikibase-items. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p._getPropOfProp = function(args) -- parameter sets for commonly used groups of parameters local paraset = tonumber(args.ps or args.parameterset or 0) if paraset == 1 then -- a common setting args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" elseif paraset == 2 then -- equivalent to raw args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" args.linked = "no" args.pd = "true" elseif paraset == 3 then -- third set goes here end args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code local pid1 = args.prop1 or args.pid1 or "" local pid2 = args.prop2 or args.pid2 or "" local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") if pid1 == "" or pid2 == "" then return nil end local f = {} f.args = args local qid1, statements1 = parseInput(f, localval, pid1) if not qid1 then return localval end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or ""):upper() if qualID == "" then qualID = nil end local out = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then local snak = v.mainsnak if snak.datatype == "wikibase-item" and snak.snaktype == "value" then local qid2 = snak.datavalue.value.id local statements2 = {} if args.reqranks.b then statements2 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid2, pid2) else statements2 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid2, pid2) end if statements2[1] then local out2 = propertyvalueandquals(statements2, args, qualID) out[#out+1] = assembleoutput(out2, args, qid2, pid2) end end -- of test for valid property1 value end -- of test for sourced if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of loop through values of property1 return assembleoutput(out, args, qid1, pid1) end p.getPropOfProp = function(frame) local args= frame.args if not args.prop1 and not args.pid1 then args = frame:getParent().args if not args.prop1 and not args.pid1 then return i18n.errors["No property supplied"] end end return p._getPropOfProp(args) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAwardCat takes most of the usual parameters. If the item has values of P166 (award received), -- then it examines each of those awards for P2517 (category for recipients of this award). -- If it exists, it returns the corresponding category, -- with the item's P734 (family name) as sort key, or no sort key if there is no family name. -- The sort key may be overridden by the parameter |sortkey (alias |sk). -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAwardCat = function(frame) frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local args = frame.args args.sep = " " local pid1 = args.prop1 or "P166" local pid2 = args.prop2 or "P2517" if pid1 == "" or pid2 == "" then return nil end -- locally supplied value: local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") local qid1, statements1 = parseInput(frame, localval, pid1) if not qid1 then return localval end -- linkprefix (strip quotes) local lp = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') -- sort key (strip quotes, hyphens and periods): local sk = (args.sortkey or args.sk or ""):gsub('["-.]', '') -- family name: local famname = "" if sk == "" then local p734 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid1, "P734")[1] local p734id = p734 and p734.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and p734.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id or "" famname = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(p734id) or "" -- strip namespace and disambigation local pos = famname:find(":") or 0 famname = famname:sub(pos+1):gsub("%s%(.+%)$", "") if famname == "" then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p734id) famname = lbl and mw.text.nowiki(lbl) or "" end end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or ""):upper() if qualID == "" then qualID = nil end local out = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then local snak = v.mainsnak if snak.datatype == "wikibase-item" and snak.snaktype == "value" then local qid2 = snak.datavalue.value.id local statements2 = {} if args.reqranks.b then statements2 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid2, pid2) else statements2 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid2, pid2) end if statements2[1] and statements2[1].mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then local qid3 = statements2[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid3) -- if there's no local sitelink, create the sitelink from English label if not sitelink then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qid3, "en") if lbl then if lbl:sub(1,9) == "Category:" then sitelink = mw.text.nowiki(lbl) else sitelink = "Category:" .. mw.text.nowiki(lbl) end end end if sitelink then if sk ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. sitelink .. "|" .. sk .. "]]" elseif famname ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. sitelink .. "|" .. famname .. "]]" else out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. sitelink .. "]]" end -- of check for sort keys end -- of test for sitelink end -- of test for category end -- of test for wikibase item has a value end -- of test for sourced if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of loop through values of property1 return assembleoutput(out, args, qid1, pid1) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getIntersectCat takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented -- It takes two properties, |prop1 and |prop2 (e.g. occupation and country of citizenship) -- Each property's value is a wiki-base entity -- For each value of the first parameter (ranks implemented) it fetches the value's main category -- and then each value of the second parameter (possibly substituting a simpler description) -- then it returns all of the categories representing the intersection of those properties, -- (e.g. Category:Actors from Canada). A joining term may be supplied (e.g. |join=from). -- The item's P734 (family name) is the sort key, or no sort key if there is no family name. -- The sort key may be overridden by the parameter |sortkey (alias |sk). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getIntersectCat = function(frame) frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local args = frame.args args.sep = " " args.linked = "no" local pid1 = args.prop1 or "P106" local pid2 = args.prop2 or "P27" if pid1 == "" or pid2 == "" then return nil end local qid, statements1 = parseInput(frame, "", pid1) if not qid then return nil end local qid, statements2 = parseInput(frame, "", pid2) if not qid then return nil end -- topics like countries may have different names in categories from their label in Wikidata local subs_exists, subs = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:WikidataIB/subs") local join = args.join or "" local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 -- linkprefix (strip quotes) local lp = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') -- sort key (strip quotes, hyphens and periods): local sk = (args.sortkey or args.sk or ""):gsub('["-.]', '') -- family name: local famname = "" if sk == "" then local p734 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P734")[1] local p734id = p734 and p734.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and p734.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id or "" famname = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(p734id) or "" -- strip namespace and disambigation local pos = famname:find(":") or 0 famname = famname:sub(pos+1):gsub("%s%(.+%)$", "") if famname == "" then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p734id) famname = lbl and mw.text.nowiki(lbl) or "" end end local cat1 = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then -- get the ID representing the value of the property local pvalID = (v.mainsnak.snaktype == "value") and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if pvalID then -- get the topic's main category (P910) for that entity local p910 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(pvalID, "P910")[1] if p910 and p910.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then local tmcID = p910.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id -- use sitelink or the English label for the cat local cat = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(tmcID) if not cat then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(tmcID, "en") if lbl then if lbl:sub(1,9) == "Category:" then cat = mw.text.nowiki(lbl) else cat = "Category:" .. mw.text.nowiki(lbl) end end end cat1[#cat1+1] = cat end -- of test for topic's main category exists end -- of test for property has vaild value end -- of test for sourced if maxvals > 0 and #cat1 >= maxvals then break end end local cat2 = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements2) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then local cat = rendersnak(v, args) if subs[cat] then cat = subs[cat] end cat2[#cat2+1] = cat end if maxvals > 0 and #cat2 >= maxvals then break end end local out = {} for k1, v1 in ipairs(cat1) do for k2, v2 in ipairs(cat2) do if sk ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. v1 .. " " .. join .. " " .. v2 .. "|" .. sk .. "]]" elseif famname ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. v1 .. " " .. join .. " " .. v2 .. "|" .. famname .. "]]" else out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. v1 .. " " .. join .. " " .. v2 .. "]]" end -- of check for sort keys end end args.noicon = "true" return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid1) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- qualsToTable takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented. -- A qid may be given, and the first unnamed parameter is the property ID, which is of type wikibase item. -- It takes a list of qualifier property IDs as |quals= -- For a given qid and property, it creates the rows of an html table, -- each row being a value of the property (optionally only if the property matches the value in |pval= ) -- each cell being the first value of the qualifier corresponding to the list in |quals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.qualsToTable = function(frame) local args = frame.args local quals = args.quals or "" if quals == "" then return "" end args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) local propertyID = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") local f = {} f.args = args local entityid, props = parseInput(f, "", propertyID) if not entityid then return "" end args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code local pval = args.pval or "" local qplist = mw.text.split(quals, "%p") -- split at punctuation and make a sequential table for i, v in ipairs(qplist) do qplist[i] = mw.text.trim(v):upper() -- remove whitespace and capitalise end local col1 = args.firstcol or "" if col1 ~= "" then col1 = col1 .. "</td><td>" end local emptycell = args.emptycell or "&nbsp;" -- construct a 2-D array of qualifier values in qvals local qvals = {} for i, v in ipairs(props) do local skip = false if pval ~= "" then local pid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if pid ~= pval then skip = true end end if not skip then local qval = {} local vqualifiers = v.qualifiers or {} -- go through list of wanted qualifier properties for i1, v1 in ipairs(qplist) do -- check for that property ID in the statement's qualifiers local qv, qtype if vqualifiers[v1] then qtype = vqualifiers[v1][1].datatype if qtype == "time" then if vqualifiers[v1][1].snaktype == "value" then qv = mw.wikibase.renderSnak(vqualifiers[v1][1]) qv = frame:expandTemplate{title="dts", args={qv}} else qv = "?" end elseif qtype == "url" then if vqualifiers[v1][1].snaktype == "value" then qv = mw.wikibase.renderSnak(vqualifiers[v1][1]) local display = mw.ustring.match( mw.uri.decode(qv, "WIKI"), "([%w ]+)$" ) if display then qv = "[" .. qv .. " " .. display .. "]" end end else qv = mw.wikibase.formatValue(vqualifiers[v1][1]) end end -- record either the value or a placeholder qval[i1] = qv or emptycell end -- of loop through list of qualifiers -- add the list of qualifier values as a "row" in the main list qvals[#qvals+1] = qval end end -- of for each value loop local out = {} for i, v in ipairs(qvals) do out[i] = "<tr><td>" .. col1 .. table.concat(qvals[i], "</td><td>") .. "</td></tr>" end return table.concat(out, "\n") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getGlobe takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- otherwise it uses the linked item for the current page. -- If returns the Qid of the globe used in P625 (coordinate location), -- or nil if there isn't one. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getGlobe = function(frame) local qid = frame.args.qid or frame.args[1] or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end local coords = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625")[1] local globeid if coords and coords.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then globeid = coords.mainsnak.datavalue.value.globe:match("(Q%d+)") end return globeid end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getCommonsLink takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It returns one of the following in order of preference: -- the Commons sitelink of the linked Wikidata item; -- the Commons sitelink of the topic's main category of the linked Wikidata item; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getCommonslink(); _getSitelink(); parseParam() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getCommonsLink = function(frame) local oc = frame.args.onlycat or frame.args.onlycategories local fb = parseParam(frame.args.fallback or frame.args.fb, true) return _getCommonslink(frame.args.qid, oc, fb) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getSitelink takes the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It takes an optional parameter |wiki= to determine which wiki is to be checked for a sitelink -- If the parameter is blank, then it uses the local wiki. -- If there is a sitelink to an article available, it returns the plain text link to the article -- If there is no sitelink, it returns nil. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getSiteLink = function(frame) return _getSitelink(frame.args.qid, frame.args.wiki or mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "")) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getLink has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- If there is a sitelink to an article on the local Wiki, it returns a link to the article -- with the Wikidata label as the displayed text. -- If there is no sitelink, it returns the label as plain text. -- If there is no label in the local language, it displays the qid instead. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getLink = function(frame) local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then return end local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(itemID) local label = labelOrId(itemID) if sitelink then return "[[:" .. sitelink .. "|" .. label .. "]]" else return label end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getLabel has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- It returns the Wikidata label for the local language as plain text. -- If there is no label in the local language, it displays the qid instead. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getLabel = function(frame) local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then return end local lang = frame.args.lang or "" if lang == "" then lang = nil end local label = labelOrId(itemID, lang) return label end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- label has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- if no qid is supplied, it uses the qid associated with the current page. -- It returns the Wikidata label for the local language as plain text. -- If there is no label in the local language, it returns nil. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.label = function(frame) local qid = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return end local lang = frame.args.lang or "" if lang == "" then lang = nil end local label, success = labelOrId(qid, lang) if success then return label end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAT (Article Title) -- has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- If there is a sitelink to an article on the local Wiki, it returns the sitelink as plain text. -- If there is no sitelink or qid supplied, it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAT = function(frame) local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then return end return mw.wikibase.getSitelink(itemID) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getDescription has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- (it defaults to the associated qid of the current article if omitted) -- and a local parameter passed as the first unnamed parameter. -- Any local parameter passed (other than "Wikidata" or "none") becomes the return value. -- It returns the article description for the Wikidata entity if the local parameter is "Wikidata". -- Nothing is returned if the description doesn't exist or "none" is passed as the local parameter. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getDescription = function(frame) local desc = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then itemID = nil end if desc:lower() == 'wikidata' then return mw.wikibase.getDescription(itemID) elseif desc:lower() == 'none' then return nil else return desc end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAliases has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- (it defaults to the associated qid of the current article if omitted) -- and a local parameter passed as the first unnamed parameter. -- It implements blacklisting and whitelisting with a field name of "alias" by default. -- Any local parameter passed becomes the return value. -- Otherwise it returns the aliases for the Wikidata entity with the usual list options. -- Nothing is returned if the aliases do not exist. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); assembleoutput() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAliases = function(frame) local args = frame.args local fieldname = args.name or "" if fieldname == "" then fieldname = "alias" end local blacklist = args.suppressfields or args.spf or "" if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return nil end local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") if localval ~= "" then return localval end local whitelist = args.fetchwikidata or args.fwd or "" if whitelist == "" then whitelist = "NONE" end if not (whitelist == 'ALL' or whitelist:find(fieldname)) then return nil end local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return nil end local aliases = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).aliases if not aliases then return nil end args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) local langcode = args.langobj.code args.lang = langcode local out = {} for k1, v1 in pairs(aliases) do if v1[1].language == langcode then for k1, v2 in ipairs(v1) do out[#out+1] = v2.value end break end end return assembleoutput(out, args, qid) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- pageId returns the page id (entity ID, Qnnn) of the current page -- returns nothing if the page is not connected to Wikidata ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.pageId = function(frame) return mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- formatDate is a wrapper to export the private function format_Date ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: format_Date(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.formatDate = function(frame) return format_Date(frame.args[1], frame.args.df, frame.args.bc) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- location is a wrapper to export the private function _location -- it takes the entity-id as qid or the first unnamed parameter -- optional boolean parameter first toggles the display of the first item -- optional boolean parameter skip toggles the display to skip to the last item -- parameter debug=<y/n> (default 'n') adds error msg if not a location ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _location(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.location = function(frame) local debug = (frame.args.debug or ""):sub(1, 1):lower() if debug == "" then debug = "n" end local qid = mw.text.trim(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1] or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid=mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then if debug ~= "n" then return i18n.errors["entity-not-found"] else return nil end end local first = mw.text.trim(frame.args.first or "") local skip = mw.text.trim(frame.args.skip or "") return table.concat( _location(qid, first, skip), ", " ) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- checkBlacklist implements a test to check whether a named field is allowed -- returns true if the field is not blacklisted (i.e. allowed) -- returns false if the field is blacklisted (i.e. disallowed) -- {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkBlacklist |name=Joe |suppressfields=Dave; Joe; Fred}} | not blacklisted | blacklisted}} -- displays "blacklisted" -- {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkBlacklist |name=Jim |suppressfields=Dave; Joe; Fred}} | not blacklisted | blacklisted}} -- displays "not blacklisted" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.checkBlacklist = function(frame) local blacklist = frame.args.suppressfields or frame.args.spf or "" local fieldname = frame.args.name or "" if blacklist ~= "" and fieldname ~= "" then if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return false else return true end else -- one of the fields is missing: let's call that "not on the list" return true end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- emptyor returns nil if its first unnamed argument is just punctuation, whitespace or html tags -- otherwise it returns the argument unchanged (including leading/trailing space). -- If the argument may contain "=", then it must be called explicitly: -- |1=arg -- (In that case, leading and trailing spaces are trimmed) -- It finds use in infoboxes where it can replace tests like: -- {{#if: {{#invoke:WikidatIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}} | <span class="xxx">{{#invoke:WikidatIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}}</span> | }} -- with a form that uses just a single call to Wikidata: -- {{#invoke |WikidataIB |emptyor |1= <span class="xxx">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}}</span> }} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.emptyor = function(frame) local s = frame.args[1] or "" if s == "" then return nil end local sx = s:gsub("%s", ""):gsub("<[^>]*>", ""):gsub("%p", "") if sx == "" then return nil else return s end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- labelorid is a public function to expose the output of labelOrId() -- Pass the Q-number as |qid= or as an unnamed parameter. -- It returns the Wikidata label for that entity or the qid if no label exists. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: labelOrId ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.labelorid = function(frame) return (labelOrId(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1])) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getLang returns the MediaWiki language code of the current content. -- If optional parameter |style=full, it returns the language name. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getLang = function(frame) local style = (frame.args.style or ""):lower() local langcode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code if style == "full" then return mw.language.fetchLanguageName( langcode ) end return langcode end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getItemLangCode takes a qid parameter (using the current page's qid if blank) -- If the item for that qid has property country (P17) it looks at the first preferred value -- If the country has an official language (P37), it looks at the first preferred value -- If that official language has a language code (P424), it returns the first preferred value -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getItemLangCode() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getItemLangCode = function(frame) return _getItemLangCode(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1]) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- findLanguage exports the local findLang() function -- It takes an optional language code and returns, in order of preference: -- the code if a known language; -- the user's language, if set; -- the server's content language. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.findLanguage = function(frame) return findLang(frame.args.lang or frame.args[1]).code end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getQid returns the qid, if supplied -- failing that, the Wikidata entity ID of the "category's main topic (P301)", if it exists -- failing that, the Wikidata entity ID associated with the current page, if it exists -- otherwise, nothing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getQid = function(frame) local qid = (frame.args.qid or ""):upper() -- check if a qid was passed; if so, return it: if qid ~= "" then return qid end -- check if there's a "category's main topic (P301)": qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if qid then local prop301 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P301") if prop301[1] then local mctid = prop301[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if mctid then return mctid end end end -- otherwise return the page qid (if any) return qid end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- followQid takes three optional parameters: qid, props, and all. -- If qid is not given, it uses the qid for the connected page -- or returns nil if there isn't one. -- props is a list of properties, separated by punctuation. -- If props is given, the Wikidata item for the qid is examined for each property in turn. -- If that property contains a value that is another Wikibase-item, that item's qid is returned, -- and the search terminates, unless |all=y when all of the qids are returned, sparated by spaces. -- If props is not given, the qid is returned. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p._followQid = function(args) local qid = (args.qid or ""):upper() local all = parseParam(args.all, false) if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end local out = {} local props = (args.props or ""):upper() if props ~= "" then for p in mw.text.gsplit(props, "%p") do -- split at punctuation and iterate p = mw.text.trim(p) for i, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, p) ) do local linkedid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if linkedid then if all then out[#out+1] = linkedid else return linkedid end -- test for all or just the first one found end -- test for value exists for that property end -- loop through values of property to follow end -- loop through list of properties to follow end if #out > 0 then return table.concat(out, " ") else return qid end end p.followQid = function(frame) return p._followQid(frame.args) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- globalSiteID returns the globalSiteID for the current wiki -- e.g. returns "enwiki" for the English Wikipedia, "enwikisource" for English Wikisource, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.globalSiteID = function(frame) return mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- siteID returns the root of the globalSiteID -- e.g. "en" for "enwiki", "enwikisource", etc. -- treats "en-gb" as "en", etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.siteID = function(frame) local txtlang = frame:preprocess( "{{int:lang}}" ) or "" -- This deals with specific exceptions: be-tarask -> be-x-old if txtlang == "be-tarask" then return "be_x_old" end local pos = txtlang:find("-") local ret = "" if pos then ret = txtlang:sub(1, pos-1) else ret = txtlang end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- projID returns the code used to link to the reader's language's project -- e.g "en" for [[:en:WikidataIB]] -- treats "en-gb" as "en", etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.projID = function(frame) local txtlang = frame:preprocess( "{{int:lang}}" ) or "" -- This deals with specific exceptions: be-tarask -> be-x-old if txtlang == "be-tarask" then return "be-x-old" end local pos = txtlang:find("-") local ret = "" if pos then ret = txtlang:sub(1, pos-1) else ret = txtlang end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- formatNumber formats a number according to the the supplied language code ("|lang=") -- or the default language if not supplied. -- The number is the first unnamed parameter or "|num=" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.formatNumber = function(frame) local lang local num = tonumber(frame.args[1] or frame.args.num) or 0 lang = findLang(frame.args.lang) return lang:formatNum( num ) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- examine dumps the property (the unnamed parameter or pid) -- from the item given by the parameter 'qid' (or the other unnamed parameter) -- or from the item corresponding to the current page if qid is not supplied. -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |pid=P26 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |P26 |Q42}} or any combination of these -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |P26}} for the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.examine = function( frame ) local args if frame.args[1] or frame.args.pid or frame.args.qid then args = frame.args else args = frame:getParent().args end local par = {} local pid = (args.pid or ""):upper() local qid = (args.qid or ""):upper() par[1] = mw.text.trim( args[1] or "" ):upper() par[2] = mw.text.trim( args[2] or "" ):upper() table.sort(par) if par[2]:sub(1,1) == "P" then par[1], par[2] = par[2], par[1] end if pid == "" then pid = par[1] end if qid == "" then qid = par[2] end local q1 = qid:sub(1,1) if pid:sub(1,1) ~= "P" then return "No property supplied" end if q1 ~= "Q" and q1 ~= "M" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return "No item for this page" end return "<pre>" .. mw.dumpObject( mw.wikibase.getAllStatements( qid, pid ) ) .. "</pre>" end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- checkvalue looks for 'val' as a wikibase-item value of a property (the unnamed parameter or pid) -- from the item given by the parameter 'qid' -- or from the Wikidata item associated with the current page if qid is not supplied. -- It only checks ranks that are requested (preferred and normal by default) -- If property is not supplied, then P31 (instance of) is assumed. -- It returns val if found or nothing if not found. -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |pid=P31 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |P31 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |P31}} for the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.checkvalue = function( frame ) local args if frame.args.val then args = frame.args else args = frame:getParent().args end local val = args.val if not val then return nil end local pid = mw.text.trim(args.pid or args[1] or "P31"):upper() local qid = (args.qid or ""):upper() if pid:sub(1,1) ~= "P" then return nil end if qid:sub(1,1) ~= "Q" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end local ranks = setRanks(args.rank) local stats = {} if ranks.b then stats = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, pid) else stats = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements( qid, pid ) end if not stats[1] then return nil end if stats[1].mainsnak.datatype == "wikibase-item" then for k, v in pairs( stats ) do local ms = v.mainsnak if ranks[v.rank:sub(1,1)] and ms.snaktype == "value" and ms.datavalue.value.id == val then return val end end end return nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- url2 takes a parameter url= that is a proper url and formats it for use in an infobox. -- If no parameter is supplied, it returns nothing. -- This is the equivalent of Template:URL -- but it keeps the "edit at Wikidata" pen icon out of the microformat. -- Usually it will take its url parameter directly from a Wikidata call: -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{wdib |P856 |qid=Q23317 |fwd=ALL |osd=no}} }} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.url2 = function(frame) local txt = frame.args.url or "" if txt == "" then return nil end -- extract any icon local url, icon = txt:match("(.+)&nbsp;(.+)") -- make sure there's at least a space at the end url = (url or txt) .. " " icon = icon or "" -- extract any protocol like https:// local prot = url:match("(https*://).+[ \"\']") -- extract address local addr = "" if prot then addr = url:match("https*://(.+)[ \"\']") or " " else prot = "//" addr = url:match("[^%p%s]+%.(.+)[ \"\']") or " " end -- strip trailing / from end of domain-only url and add <wbr/> before . and / local disp, n = addr:gsub( "^([^/]+)/$", "%1" ):gsub("%/", "<wbr/>/"):gsub("%.", "<wbr/>.") return '<span class="url">[' .. prot .. addr .. " " .. disp .. "]</span>&nbsp;" .. icon end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getWebsite fetches the Official website (P856) and formats it for use in an infobox. -- This is similar to Template:Official website but with a url displayed, -- and it adds the "edit at Wikidata" pen icon beyond the microformat if enabled. -- A local value will override the Wikidata value. "NONE" returns nothing. -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getWebsite |qid= |noicon= |lang= |url= }} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); parseParam(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getWebsite = function(frame) local url = frame.args.url or "" if url:upper() == "NONE" then return nil end local qid = frame.args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end local urls = {} local quals = {} if url == "" then local prop856 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P856") for k, v in pairs(prop856) do if v.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then urls[#urls+1] = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value if v.qualifiers and v.qualifiers["P1065"] then -- just take the first archive url (P1065) local au = v.qualifiers["P1065"][1] if au.snaktype == "value" then quals[#urls] = au.datavalue.value end -- test for archive url having a value end -- test for qualifers end -- test for website having a value end -- loop through website(s) else urls[1] = url end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local out = {} for i, u in ipairs(urls) do local link = quals[i] or u local prot, addr = u:match("(http[s]*://)(.+)") addr = addr or u local disp, n = addr:gsub("%.", "<wbr/>%.") out[#out+1] = '<span class="url">[' .. link .. " " .. disp .. "]</span>" end local langcode = findLang(frame.args.lang).code local noicon = parseParam(frame.args.noicon, false) if url == "" and not noicon then out[#out] = out[#out] .. createicon(langcode, qid, "P856") end local ret = "" if #out > 1 then ret = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = "ubl", args = out} else ret = out[1] end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAllLabels fetches the set of labels and formats it for display as wikitext. -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAllLabels = function(frame) local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {} local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n["entity-not-found"] end local labels = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).labels if not labels then return i18n["labels-not-found"] end local out = {} for k, v in pairs(labels) do out[#out+1] = v.value .. " (" .. v.language .. ")" end return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAllDescriptions fetches the set of descriptions and formats it for display as wikitext. -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAllDescriptions = function(frame) local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {} local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n["entity-not-found"] end local descriptions = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).descriptions if not descriptions then return i18n["descriptions-not-found"] end local out = {} for k, v in pairs(descriptions) do out[#out+1] = v.value .. " (" .. v.language .. ")" end return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAllAliases fetches the set of aliases and formats it for display as wikitext. -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAllAliases = function(frame) local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {} local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n["entity-not-found"] end local aliases = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).aliases if not aliases then return i18n["aliases-not-found"] end local out = {} for k1, v1 in pairs(aliases) do local lang = v1[1].language local val = {} for k1, v2 in ipairs(v1) do val[#val+1] = v2.value end out[#out+1] = table.concat(val, ", ") .. " (" .. lang .. ")" end return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- showNoLinks displays the article titles that should not be linked. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.showNoLinks = function(frame) local out = {} for k, v in pairs(donotlink) do out[#out+1] = k end table.sort( out ) return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- checkValidity checks whether the first unnamed parameter represents a valid entity-id, -- that is, something like Q1235 or P123. -- It returns the strings "true" or "false". -- Change false to nil to return "true" or "" (easier to test with #if:). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.checkValidity(frame) local id = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then return true else return false end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getEntityFromTitle returns the Entity-ID (Q-number) for a given title. -- Modification of Module:ResolveEntityId -- The title is the first unnamed parameter. -- The site parameter determines the site/language for the title. Defaults to current wiki. -- The showdab parameter determines whether dab pages should return the Q-number or nil. Defaults to true. -- Returns the Q-number or nil if it does not exist. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEntityFromTitle(frame) local args=frame.args if not args[1] then args=frame:getParent().args end if not args[1] then return nil end local title = mw.text.trim(args[1]) local site = args.site or "" local showdab = parseParam(args.showdab, true) local qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(title, site) if qid then local prop31 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P31")[1] if not showdab and prop31 and prop31.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == "Q4167410" then return nil else return qid end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getDatePrecision returns the number representing the precision of the first best date value -- for the given property. -- It takes the qid and property ID -- The meanings are given at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/DataModel#Dates_and_times -- 0 = 1 billion years .. 6 = millennium, 7 = century, 8 = decade, 9 = year, 10 = month, 11 = day -- Returns 0 (or the second unnamed parameter) if the Wikidata does not exist. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; sourced; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getDatePrecision(frame) local args=frame.args if not args[1] then args=frame:getParent().args end local default = tonumber(args[2] or args.default) or 0 local prop = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") if prop == "" then return default end local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return default end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local stat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, prop) for i, v in ipairs(stat) do local prec = (onlysrc == false or sourced(v)) and v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.precision if prec then return prec end end return default end return p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- List of exported functions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ _getValue getValue getPreferredValue getCoords getQualifierValue getSumOfParts getValueByQual getValueByLang getValueByRefSource getPropertyIDs getQualifierIDs getPropOfProp getAwardCat getIntersectCat getGlobe getCommonsLink getSiteLink getLink getLabel label getAT getDescription getAliases pageId formatDate location checkBlacklist emptyor labelorid getLang getItemLangCode findLanguage getQID followQid globalSiteID siteID projID formatNumber examine checkvalue url2 getWebsite getAllLabels getAllDescriptions getAllAliases showNoLinks checkValidity getEntityFromTitle getDatePrecision --]] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iif9sfoq80outs09ov7t227mk1rqv89 10 5517 24367 22112 2023-06-22T15:40:45Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wd |property |{{#if:{{{qualifier|}}}|qualifier|{{#if:{{{reference|}}}|reference}}}} |{{#if:{{{qualifier|}}}|{{#if:{{{reference|}}}|reference}}}} |{{#if:{{{raw|}}}|raw}} |{{#if:{{{edit|}}}|edit}} |{{#if:{{{toLink|}}}|linked}} |{{#if:{{{qualifier|}}}|{{#if:{{{entity|}}}|{{{entity}}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{qualifier|}}}|{{{1|{{{property|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{entity|}}}|{{{entity}}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{qualifier|}}}|{{{qualifier}}}|{{{1|{{{property|}}}}}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> k0i645zf8bqt2yhgaphjzo0v2mtcsxt 828 5518 24303 22113 2023-06-16T18:17:45Z Uzume 1101 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q24733825|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] #synchronizer Scribunto text/plain -- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]]. require("strict") local p = {} local arg = ... local i18n local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) local title if frame then -- current module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame title = frame:getTitle() else -- current module included by other module, get its title from ... title = arg end if not i18n then i18n = require(title .. "/i18n").init(aliasesP) end end p.claimCommands = { property = "property", properties = "properties", qualifier = "qualifier", qualifiers = "qualifiers", reference = "reference", references = "references" } p.generalCommands = { label = "label", title = "title", description = "description", alias = "alias", aliases = "aliases", badge = "badge", badges = "badges" } p.flags = { linked = "linked", short = "short", raw = "raw", multilanguage = "multilanguage", unit = "unit", ------------- preferred = "preferred", normal = "normal", deprecated = "deprecated", best = "best", future = "future", current = "current", former = "former", edit = "edit", editAtEnd = "edit@end", mdy = "mdy", single = "single", sourced = "sourced" } p.args = { eid = "eid", page = "page", date = "date" } local aliasesP = { coord = "P625", ----------------------- image = "P18", author = "P50", authorNameString = "P2093", publisher = "P123", importedFrom = "P143", statedIn = "P248", pages = "P304", language = "P407", hasPart = "P527", publicationDate = "P577", startTime = "P580", endTime = "P582", chapter = "P792", retrieved = "P813", referenceURL = "P854", sectionVerseOrParagraph = "P958", archiveURL = "P1065", title = "P1476", formatterURL = "P1630", quote = "P1683", shortName = "P1813", definingFormula = "P2534", archiveDate = "P2960", inferredFrom = "P3452", typeOfReference = "P3865", column = "P3903" } local aliasesQ = { percentage = "Q11229", prolepticJulianCalendar = "Q1985786", citeWeb = "Q5637226", citeQ = "Q22321052" } local parameters = { property = "%p", qualifier = "%q", reference = "%r", alias = "%a", badge = "%b", separator = "%s", general = "%x" } local formats = { property = "%p[%s][%r]", qualifier = "%q[%s][%r]", reference = "%r", propertyWithQualifier = "%p[ <span style=\"font-size:85\\%\">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]", alias = "%a[%s]", badge = "%b[%s]" } local hookNames = { -- {level_1, level_2} [parameters.property] = {"getProperty"}, [parameters.reference] = {"getReferences", "getReference"}, [parameters.qualifier] = {"getAllQualifiers"}, [parameters.qualifier.."\\d"] = {"getQualifiers", "getQualifier"}, [parameters.alias] = {"getAlias"}, [parameters.badge] = {"getBadge"} } -- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied local defaultSeparators = { ["sep"] = {" "}, ["sep%s"] = {","}, ["sep%q"] = {"; "}, ["sep%q\\d"] = {", "}, ["sep%r"] = nil, -- none ["punc"] = nil -- none } local rankTable = { ["preferred"] = 1, ["normal"] = 2, ["deprecated"] = 3 } local function replaceAlias(id) if aliasesP[id] then id = aliasesP[id] end return id end local function errorText(code, param) local text = i18n["errors"][code] if param then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "$1", param) end return text end local function throwError(errorMessage, param) error(errorText(errorMessage, param)) end local function replaceDecimalMark(num) return mw.ustring.gsub(num, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1) end local function padZeros(num, numDigits) local numZeros local negative = false if num < 0 then negative = true num = num * -1 end num = tostring(num) numZeros = numDigits - num:len() for _ = 1, numZeros do num = "0"..num end if negative then num = "-"..num end return num end local function replaceSpecialChar(chr) if chr == '_' then -- replace underscores with spaces return ' ' else return chr end end local function replaceSpecialChars(str) local chr local esc = false local strOut = "" for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then esc = true else strOut = strOut .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else strOut = strOut .. chr esc = false end end return strOut end local function buildWikilink(target, label) if not label or target == label then return "[[" .. target .. "]]" else return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. label .. "]]" end end -- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0) -- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables local function copyTable(tIn) if not tIn then return nil end local tOut = {} for i, v in pairs(tIn) do tOut[i] = v end return tOut end -- used to merge output arrays together; -- note that it currently mutates the first input array local function mergeArrays(a1, a2) for i = 1, #a2 do a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i] end return a1 end local function split(str, del) local out = {} local i, j = str:find(del) if i and j then out[1] = str:sub(1, i - 1) out[2] = str:sub(j + 1) else out[1] = str end return out end local function parseWikidataURL(url) local id if url:match('^http[s]?://') then id = split(url, "Q") if id[2] then return "Q" .. id[2] end end return nil end local function parseDate(dateStr, precision) precision = precision or "d" local i, j, index, ptr local parts = {nil, nil, nil} if dateStr == nil then return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end -- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached i, j = dateStr:find("[T/]") if i then dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1) end local from = 1 if dateStr:sub(1,1) == "-" then -- this is a negative number, look further ahead from = 2 end index = 1 ptr = 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", from) if i then -- year parts[index] = tonumber(mw.ustring.gsub(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), "^\+(.+)$", "%1"), 10) -- remove '+' sign (explicitly give base 10 to prevent error) if parts[index] == -0 then parts[index] = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end if precision == "y" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", ptr) if i then -- month parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) if precision == "m" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 end end if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= "" then -- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10) end return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end local function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD) if aY == nil or bY == nil then return nil end aM = aM or 1 aD = aD or 1 bM = bM or 1 bD = bD or 1 if aY < bY then return true end if aY > bY then return false end if aM < bM then return true end if aM > bM then return false end if aD < bD then return true end return false end local function getHookName(param, index) if hookNames[param] then return hookNames[param][index] elseif param:len() > 2 then return hookNames[param:sub(1, 2).."\\d"][index] else return nil end end local function alwaysTrue() return true end -- The following function parses a format string. -- -- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory. -- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake. -- -- Example: -- "A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D" -- -- Structure: -- [ -- { -- str = "A " -- }, -- { -- str = "%p" -- }, -- { -- str = " B ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%s", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%q1" -- } -- ] -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " C ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%r" -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " D" -- } -- ] -- local function parseFormat(str) local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new local params = {} local function newObject(array) local obj = {} -- new object obj.str = "" array[#array + 1] = obj -- array{object} obj.parent = array return obj end local function endParam() if param > 0 then if cur.str ~= "" then cur.str = "%"..cur.str cur.param = true params[cur.str] = true cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true prev = cur cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 0 end end root = {} -- array root.req = {} cur = newObject(root) prev = nil esc = false param = 0 for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then endParam() esc = true elseif chr == '%' then endParam() if cur.str ~= "" then cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 2 elseif chr == '[' then endParam() if prev and cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) cur = prev end cur.child = {} -- new array cur.child.req = {} cur.child.parent = cur cur = newObject(cur.child) elseif chr == ']' then endParam() if cur.parent.parent then new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent) if cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) end cur = new end else if param > 1 then param = param - 1 elseif param == 1 then if not chr:match('%d') then endParam() end end cur.str = cur.str .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else cur.str = cur.str .. chr esc = false end prev = nil end endParam() -- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined if not next(root.req) then throwError("missing-required-parameter") end -- make sure that the separator parameter "%s" is not amongst the required parameters if root.req[parameters.separator] then throwError("extra-required-parameter", parameters.separator) end return root, params end local function sortOnRank(claims) local rankPos local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}} -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default) local sorted = {} for _, v in ipairs(claims) do rankPos = rankTable[v.rank] or 4 ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v end sorted = ranks[1] sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2]) sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3]) return sorted end local Config = {} -- allows for recursive calls function Config:new() local cfg = {} setmetatable(cfg, self) self.__index = self cfg.separators = { -- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference ["sep"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep"])}, ["sep%s"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%s"])}, ["sep%q"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q"])}, ["sep%r"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%r"])}, ["punc"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["punc"])} } cfg.entity = nil cfg.entityID = nil cfg.propertyID = nil cfg.propertyValue = nil cfg.qualifierIDs = {} cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues = {} cfg.bestRank = true cfg.ranks = {true, true, false} -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks cfg.flagBest = false cfg.flagRank = false cfg.periods = {true, true, true} -- future = true, current = true, former = true cfg.flagPeriod = false cfg.atDate = {parseDate(os.date('!%Y-%m-%d'))} -- today as {year, month, day} cfg.mdyDate = false cfg.singleClaim = false cfg.sourcedOnly = false cfg.editable = false cfg.editAtEnd = false cfg.inSitelinks = false cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode) cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode) cfg.siteID = mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() cfg.states = {} cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0 cfg.curState = nil cfg.prefetchedRefs = nil return cfg end local State = {} function State:new(cfg, type) local stt = {} setmetatable(stt, self) self.__index = self stt.conf = cfg stt.type = type stt.results = {} stt.parsedFormat = {} stt.separator = {} stt.movSeparator = {} stt.puncMark = {} stt.linked = false stt.rawValue = false stt.shortName = false stt.anyLanguage = false stt.unitOnly = false stt.singleValue = false return stt end -- if id == nil then item connected to current page is used function Config:getLabel(id, raw, link, short) local label = nil local prefix, title= "", nil if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if not id then return "" end end id = id:upper() -- just to be sure if raw then -- check if given id actually exists if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(id) then label = id end prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", label -- may be nil else -- try short name first if requested if short then label = p._property{aliasesP.shortName, [p.args.eid] = id} -- get short name if label == "" then label = nil end end -- get label if not label then label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, self.langCode) -- XXX: should use fallback labels? end end if not label then label = "" elseif link then -- build a link if requested if not title then if id:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) elseif id:sub(1,1) == "P" then -- properties have no sitelink, link to Wikidata instead prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", id end end label = mw.text.nowiki(label) -- escape raw label text so it cannot be wikitext markup if title then label = buildWikilink(prefix .. title, label) end end return label end function Config:getEditIcon() local value = "" local prefix = "" local front = "&nbsp;" local back = "" if self.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then prefix = "Property:" end if self.editAtEnd then front = '<span style="float:' if self.langObj:isRTL() then front = front .. 'left' else front = front .. 'right' end front = front .. '">' back = '</span>' end value = "[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. prefix .. self.entityID .. "?uselang=" .. self.langCode if self.propertyID then value = value .. "#" .. self.propertyID elseif self.inSitelinks then value = value .. "#sitelinks-wikipedia" end value = value .. "|" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "]]" return front .. value .. back end -- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the -- function extensionTag("ref", ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output function Config:concatValues(valuesArray) local outString = "" local j, skip for i = 1, #valuesArray do -- check if this is a reference if valuesArray[i].refHash then j = i - 1 skip = false -- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then skip = true break end j = j - 1 end if not skip then -- add <ref> tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references) outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", valuesArray[i][1], {name = valuesArray[i].refHash}) end else outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1] end end return outString end function Config:convertUnit(unit, raw, link, short, unitOnly) local space = " " local label = "" local itemID if unit == "" or unit == "1" then return nil end if unitOnly then space = "" end itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit) if itemID then if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then return "%" else label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label ~= "" then return space .. label end end end return "" end function State:getValue(snak) return self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName, self.anyLanguage, self.unitOnly, false, self.type:sub(1,2)) end function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang, unitOnly, noSpecial, type) if snak.snaktype == 'value' then local datatype = snak.datavalue.type local subtype = snak.datatype local datavalue = snak.datavalue.value if datatype == 'string' then if subtype == 'url' and link then -- create link explicitly if raw then -- will render as a linked number like [1] return "[" .. datavalue .. "]" else return "[" .. datavalue .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" end elseif subtype == 'commonsMedia' then if link then return buildWikilink("c:File:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif not raw then return "[[File:" .. datavalue .. "]]" else return datavalue end elseif subtype == 'geo-shape' and link then return buildWikilink("c:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif subtype == 'math' and not raw then local attribute = nil if (type == parameters.property or (type == parameters.qualifier and self.propertyID == aliasesP.hasPart)) and snak.property == aliasesP.definingFormula then attribute = {qid = self.entityID} end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("math", datavalue, attribute) elseif subtype == 'external-id' and link then local url = p._property{aliasesP.formatterURL, [p.args.eid] = snak.property} -- get formatter URL if url ~= "" then url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, "$1", datavalue) return "[" .. url .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" else return datavalue end else return datavalue end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then if anyLang or datavalue['language'] == self.langCode then return datavalue['text'] else return nil end elseif datatype == 'quantity' then local value = "" local unit if not unitOnly then -- get value and strip + signs from front value = mw.ustring.gsub(datavalue['amount'], "^\+(.+)$", "%1") if raw then return value end -- replace decimal mark based on locale value = replaceDecimalMark(value) -- add delimiters for readability value = i18n.addDelimiters(value) end unit = self:convertUnit(datavalue['unit'], raw, link, short, unitOnly) if unit then value = value .. unit end return value elseif datatype == 'time' then local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr local yFactor = 1 local sign = 1 local prefix = "" local suffix = "" local mayAddCalendar = false local calendar = "" local precision = datavalue['precision'] if precision == 11 then p = "d" elseif precision == 10 then p = "m" else p = "y" yFactor = 10^(9-precision) end y, m, d = parseDate(datavalue['time'], p) if y < 0 then sign = -1 y = y * sign end -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years if precision <= 8 then yDiv = y / yFactor -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years if precision >= 6 then mayAddCalendar = true if precision <= 7 then -- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium) yRound = math.ceil(yDiv) if not raw then if precision == 6 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century'] end suffix = i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix else -- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium -- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium) yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1 end else -- precision == 8 -- round decades down (e.g. 2010s) yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor if not raw then prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period'] suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period'] end end if raw and sign < 0 then -- if BCE then compensate for "counting backwards" -- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE) yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1 end else local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound -- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5) if yRound == 0 then if precision <= 2 and y ~= 0 then yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = y / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end if yRound == 0 then -- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years precision = 5 yFactor = 1 yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end end if precision >= 1 and y ~= 0 then yFull = yRound * yFactor yReFactor = 1e9 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range precision = 0 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound else yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end end if not raw then if precision == 3 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years'] elseif precision == 0 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years'] else yRound = yRound * yFactor if yRound == 1 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years'] end end else yRound = yRound * yFactor end end else yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end if mayAddCalendar then calendarID = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['calendarmodel']) if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then if not raw then if link then calendar = " ("..buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'], i18n['datetime']['julian'])..")" else calendar = " ("..i18n['datetime']['julian']..")" end else calendar = "/"..i18n['datetime']['julian'] end end end if not raw then local ce = nil if sign < 0 then ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE'] elseif precision <= 5 then ce = i18n['datetime']['CE'] end if ce then if link then ce = buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['common-era'], ce) end suffix = suffix .. " " .. ce end value = tostring(yRound) if m then dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate("F", "1-"..m.."-1") if d then if self.mdyDate then dateStr = dateStr .. " " .. d .. "," else dateStr = d .. " " .. dateStr end end value = dateStr .. " " .. value end value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar else value = padZeros(yRound * sign, 4) if m then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(m, 2) if d then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(d, 2) end end value = value .. calendar end return value elseif datatype == 'globecoordinate' then -- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo (v4.0.1) local precision, unitsPerDegree, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe local latitude, latConv, latValue, latLink local longitude, lonConv, lonValue, lonLink local latDirection, latDirectionN, latDirectionS, latDirectionEN local lonDirection, lonDirectionE, lonDirectionW, lonDirectionEN local degSymbol, minSymbol, secSymbol, separator local latDegrees = nil local latMinutes = nil local latSeconds = nil local lonDegrees = nil local lonMinutes = nil local lonSeconds = nil local latDegSym = "" local latMinSym = "" local latSecSym = "" local lonDegSym = "" local lonMinSym = "" local lonSecSym = "" local latDirectionEN_N = "N" local latDirectionEN_S = "S" local lonDirectionEN_E = "E" local lonDirectionEN_W = "W" if not raw then latDirectionN = i18n['coord']['latitude-north'] latDirectionS = i18n['coord']['latitude-south'] lonDirectionE = i18n['coord']['longitude-east'] lonDirectionW = i18n['coord']['longitude-west'] degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees'] minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes'] secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds'] separator = i18n['coord']['separator'] else latDirectionN = latDirectionEN_N latDirectionS = latDirectionEN_S lonDirectionE = lonDirectionEN_E lonDirectionW = lonDirectionEN_W degSymbol = "/" minSymbol = "/" secSymbol = "/" separator = "/" end latitude = datavalue['latitude'] longitude = datavalue['longitude'] if latitude < 0 then latDirection = latDirectionS latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_S latitude = math.abs(latitude) else latDirection = latDirectionN latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_N end if longitude < 0 then lonDirection = lonDirectionW lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_W longitude = math.abs(longitude) else lonDirection = lonDirectionE lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_E end precision = datavalue['precision'] if not precision or precision <= 0 then precision = 1 / 3600 -- precision not set (correctly), set to arcsecond end -- remove insignificant detail latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision if precision >= 1 - (1 / 60) and precision < 1 then precision = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) - (1 / 3600) and precision < (1 / 60) then precision = 1 / 60 end if precision >= 1 then unitsPerDegree = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) then unitsPerDegree = 60 else unitsPerDegree = 3600 end numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(unitsPerDegree * precision)) if numDigits <= 0 then numDigits = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end strFormat = "%." .. numDigits .. "f" if precision >= 1 then latDegrees = strFormat:format(latitude) lonDegrees = strFormat:format(longitude) if not raw then latDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(latDegrees) .. degSymbol lonDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonDegrees) .. degSymbol else latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol end else latConv = math.floor(latitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits lonConv = math.floor(longitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = latConv lonMinutes = lonConv else latSeconds = latConv lonSeconds = lonConv latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60) lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60) latSeconds = strFormat:format(latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60)) lonSeconds = strFormat:format(lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60)) if not raw then latSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(latSeconds) .. secSymbol lonSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonSeconds) .. secSymbol else latSecSym = latSeconds .. secSymbol lonSecSym = lonSeconds .. secSymbol end end latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60) lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60) latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60) lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60) if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = strFormat:format(latMinutes) lonMinutes = strFormat:format(lonMinutes) if not raw then latMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(latMinutes) .. minSymbol lonMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonMinutes) .. minSymbol else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end end latValue = latDegSym .. latMinSym .. latSecSym .. latDirection lonValue = lonDegSym .. lonMinSym .. lonSecSym .. lonDirection value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue if link then globe = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['globe']) if globe then globe = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(globe, "en"):lower() else globe = "earth" end latLink = table.concat({latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds}, "_") lonLink = table.concat({lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds}, "_") value = "[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language="..self.langCode.."&params="..latLink.."_"..latDirectionEN.."_"..lonLink.."_"..lonDirectionEN.."_globe:"..globe.." "..value.."]" end return value elseif datatype == 'wikibase-entityid' then local label local itemID = datavalue['numeric-id'] if subtype == 'wikibase-item' then itemID = "Q" .. itemID elseif subtype == 'wikibase-property' then itemID = "P" .. itemID else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', subtype) .. '</strong>' end label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label == "" then label = nil end return label else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', datatype) .. '</strong>' end elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' else return i18n['values']['unknown'] end elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return "" -- empty string represents 'novalue' else return i18n['values']['none'] end else return nil end end function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true) -- raw = true else return nil end end function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value) local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true) -- raw = true if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end return snakValue == value end function Config:setRank(rank) local rankPos if rank == p.flags.best then self.bestRank = true self.flagBest = true -- mark that 'best' flag was given return end if rank:sub(1,9) == p.flags.preferred then rankPos = 1 elseif rank:sub(1,6) == p.flags.normal then rankPos = 2 elseif rank:sub(1,10) == p.flags.deprecated then rankPos = 3 else return end -- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagRank then self.ranks = {false, false, false} -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks self.bestRank = self.flagBest -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before self.flagRank = true -- mark that a rank flag was given end if rank:sub(-1) == "+" then for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do self.ranks[i] = true end elseif rank:sub(-1) == "-" then for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do self.ranks[i] = true end else self.ranks[rankPos] = true end end function Config:setPeriod(period) local periodPos if period == p.flags.future then periodPos = 1 elseif period == p.flags.current then periodPos = 2 elseif period == p.flags.former then periodPos = 3 else return end -- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagPeriod then self.periods = {false, false, false} -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods self.flagPeriod = true -- mark that a period flag was given end self.periods[periodPos] = true end function Config:qualifierMatches(claim, id, value) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[id] end if qualifiers then for _, v in pairs(qualifiers) do if self:snakEqualsValue(v, value) then return true end end elseif value == "" then -- if the qualifier is not present then treat it the same as the special value 'novalue' return true end return false end function Config:rankMatches(rankPos) if self.bestRank then return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank >= rankPos) else return self.ranks[rankPos] end end function Config:timeMatches(claim) local startTime = nil local startTimeY = nil local startTimeM = nil local startTimeD = nil local endTime = nil local endTimeY = nil local endTimeM = nil local endTimeD = nil if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then -- any time return true end startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime) if startTime and startTime ~= "" and startTime ~= " " then startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime) end endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime) if endTime and endTime ~= "" and endTime ~= " " then endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime) end if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then -- invalidate end time if it precedes start time endTimeY = nil endTimeM = nil endTimeD = nil end if self.periods[1] then -- future if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then return true end end if self.periods[2] then -- current if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then return true end end if self.periods[3] then -- former if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then return true end end return false end function Config:processFlag(flag) if not flag then return false end if flag == p.flags.linked then self.curState.linked = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.raw then self.curState.rawValue = true if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then -- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none) self.separators["sep%r"][1] = {" "} end return true elseif flag == p.flags.short then self.curState.shortName = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.multilanguage then self.curState.anyLanguage = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.unit then self.curState.unitOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.mdy then self.mdyDate = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.single then self.singleClaim = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.sourced then self.sourcedOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.edit then self.editable = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.editAtEnd then self.editable = true self.editAtEnd = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.best or flag:match('^'..p.flags.preferred..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.normal..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.deprecated..'[+-]?$') then self:setRank(flag) return true elseif flag == p.flags.future or flag == p.flags.current or flag == p.flags.former then self:setPeriod(flag) return true elseif flag == "" then -- ignore empty flags and carry on return true else return false end end function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag) local param = "" if not flag then return false end if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.properties then param = parameters.property elseif flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifiers then self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1 param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount self.separators["sep"..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q\\d"])} elseif flag == p.claimCommands.reference or flag == p.claimCommands.references then param = parameters.reference else return self:processFlag(flag) end if self.states[param] then return false end -- create a new state for each command self.states[param] = State:new(self, param) -- use "%x" as the general parameter name self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general) -- will be overwritten for param=="%p" -- set the separator self.states[param].separator = self.separators["sep"..param] -- will be nil for param=="%p", which will be set separately if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.reference then self.states[param].singleValue = true end self.curState = self.states[param] return true end function Config:processSeparators(args) local sep for i, v in pairs(self.separators) do if args[i] then sep = replaceSpecialChars(args[i]) if sep ~= "" then self.separators[i][1] = {sep} else self.separators[i][1] = nil end end end end function Config:setFormatAndSeparators(state, parsedFormat) state.parsedFormat = parsedFormat state.separator = self.separators["sep"] state.movSeparator = self.separators["sep"..parameters.separator] state.puncMark = self.separators["punc"] end -- determines if a claim has references by prefetching them from the claim using getReferences, -- which applies some filtering that determines if a reference is actually returned, -- and caches the references for later use function State:isSourced(claim) self.conf.prefetchedRefs = self:getReferences(claim) return (#self.conf.prefetchedRefs > 0) end function State:resetCaches() -- any prefetched references of the previous claim must not be used self.conf.prefetchedRefs = nil end function State:claimMatches(claim) local matches, rankPos -- first of all, reset any cached values used for the previous claim self:resetCaches() -- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value if self.conf.propertyValue then matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue) else matches = true end -- if any qualifier values were given, check if each matches one of the claim's qualifier values for i, v in pairs(self.conf.qualifierIDsAndValues) do matches = (matches and self.conf:qualifierMatches(claim, i, v)) end -- check if the claim's rank and time period match rankPos = rankTable[claim.rank] or 4 matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim)) -- if only claims with references must be returned, check if this one has any if self.conf.sourcedOnly then matches = (matches and self:isSourced(claim)) -- prefetches and caches references end return matches, rankPos end function State:out() local result -- collection of arrays with value objects local valuesArray -- array with value objects local sep = nil -- value object local out = {} -- array with value objects local function walk(formatTable, result) local valuesArray = {} -- array with value objects for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then -- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level, -- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result return {} end end for _, v in ipairs(formatTable) do if v.param then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str]) elseif v.str ~= "" then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str} end if v.child then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result)) end end return valuesArray end -- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do result = self.results[i] -- if there is already some output, then add the separators if #out > 0 then sep = self.separator[1] -- fixed separator result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]} -- movable separator else sep = nil result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]} -- optional punctuation mark end valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result) if #valuesArray > 0 then if sep then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out) end end -- reset state before next iteration self.results = {} return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getProperty(claim) local value = {self:getValue(claim.mainsnak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getQualifiers(claim, param) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end if qualifiers then -- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"][2], count = 1}) -- pass qualifier state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getQualifier(snak) local value = {self:getValue(snak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks) local out = {} -- array with value objects local sep = self.conf.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier][1] -- value object -- iterate through the output of the separate "qualifier(s)" commands for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do -- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result) end -- if there is output for this particular "qualifier(s)" command, then add it if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then -- if there is already some output, then add the separator if #out > 0 and sep then out[#out + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i]) end end return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getReferences(claim) if self.conf.prefetchedRefs then -- return references that have been prefetched by isSourced return self.conf.prefetchedRefs end if claim.references then -- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1}) -- pass reference state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getReference(statement) local key, citeWeb, citeQ, label local params = {} local citeParams = {['web'] = {}, ['q'] = {}} local citeMismatch = {} local useCite = nil local useParams = nil local value = "" local ref = {} local referenceEmpty = true -- will be set to false if at least one parameter is left unremoved local numAuthorParameters = 0 local numAuthorNameStringParameters = 0 local version = 2 -- increment this each time the below logic is changed to avoid conflict errors if statement.snaks then -- don't include "imported from", which is added by a bot if statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] = nil end -- don't include "inferred from", which is added by a bot if statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] = nil end -- don't include "type of reference" if statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] = nil end -- don't include "image" to prevent littering if statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] = nil end -- don't include "language" if it is equal to the local one if self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.language) == self.conf.langName then statement.snaks[aliasesP.language] = nil end -- retrieve all the parameters for i in pairs(statement.snaks) do label = "" -- multiple authors may be given if i == aliasesP.author or i == aliasesP.authorNameString then params[i] = self:getReferenceDetails(statement.snaks, i, false, self.linked, true) -- link = true/false, anyLang = true else params[i] = {self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, i, false, (self.linked or (i == aliasesP.statedIn)) and (statement.snaks[i][1].datatype ~= 'url'), true)} -- link = true/false, anyLang = true end if #params[i] == 0 then params[i] = nil else referenceEmpty = false if statement.snaks[i][1].datatype == 'external-id' then key = "external-id" label = self.conf:getLabel(i) if label ~= "" then label = label .. " " end else key = i end -- add the parameter to each matching type of citation for j in pairs(citeParams) do -- do so if there was no mismatch with a previous parameter if not citeMismatch[j] then -- check if this parameter is not mismatching itself if i18n['cite'][j][key] then -- continue if an option is available in the corresponding cite template if i18n['cite'][j][key] ~= "" then -- handle non-author properties (and author properties ("author" and "author name string"), if they don't use the same template parameter) if (i ~= aliasesP.author and i ~= aliasesP.authorNameString) or (i18n['cite'][j][aliasesP.author] ~= i18n['cite'][j][aliasesP.authorNameString]) then citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][key]] = label .. params[i][1] -- to avoid problems with non-author multiple parameters (if existent), the following old code is retained for k=2, #params[i] do citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][key]..k] = label .. params[i][k] end -- handle "author" and "author name string" specially if they use the same template parameter elseif i == aliasesP.author or i == aliasesP.authorNameString then if params[aliasesP.author] ~= nil then numAuthorParameters = #params[aliasesP.author] else numAuthorParameters = 0 end if params[aliasesP.authorNameString] ~= nil then numAuthorNameStringParameters = #params[aliasesP.authorNameString] else numAuthorNameStringParameters = 0 end -- execute only if both "author" and "author name string" satisfy this condition: the property is both in params and in statement.snaks or it is neither in params nor in statement.snaks -- reason: parameters are added to params each iteration of the loop, not before the loop if ((statement.snaks[aliasesP.author] == nil) == (numAuthorParameters == 0)) and ((statement.snaks[aliasesP.authorNameString] == nil) == (numAuthorNameStringParameters == 0)) then for k=1, numAuthorParameters + numAuthorNameStringParameters do if k <= numAuthorParameters then -- now handling the authors from the "author" property citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][aliasesP.author]..k] = label .. params[aliasesP.author][k] else -- now handling the authors from "author name string" citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][aliasesP.authorNameString]..k] = label .. params[aliasesP.authorNameString][k - numAuthorParameters] end end end end end else citeMismatch[j] = true end end end end end -- get title of general template for citing web references citeWeb = split(mw.wikibase.getSitelink(aliasesQ.citeWeb) or "", ":")[2] -- split off namespace from front -- get title of template that expands stated-in references into citations citeQ = split(mw.wikibase.getSitelink(aliasesQ.citeQ) or "", ":")[2] -- split off namespace from front -- (1) use the general template for citing web references if there is a match and if at least both "reference URL" and "title" are present if citeWeb and not citeMismatch['web'] and citeParams['web'][i18n['cite']['web'][aliasesP.referenceURL]] and citeParams['web'][i18n['cite']['web'][aliasesP.title]] then useCite = citeWeb useParams = citeParams['web'] -- (2) use the template that expands stated-in references into citations if there is a match and if at least "stated in" is present elseif citeQ and not citeMismatch['q'] and citeParams['q'][i18n['cite']['q'][aliasesP.statedIn]] then -- we need the raw "stated in" Q-identifier for the this template citeParams['q'][i18n['cite']['q'][aliasesP.statedIn]] = self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.statedIn, true) -- raw = true useCite = citeQ useParams = citeParams['q'] end if useCite and useParams then -- if this module is being substituted then build a regular template call, otherwise expand the template if mw.isSubsting() then for i, v in pairs(useParams) do value = value .. "|" .. i .. "=" .. v end value = "{{" .. useCite .. value .. "}}" else value = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=useCite, args=useParams} end -- (3) if the citation couldn't be displayed using Cite web or Cite Q, but has properties other than the removed ones, throw an error elseif not referenceEmpty then value = "<span style=\"color: crimson\">" .. errorText("malformed-reference") .. "</span>" end if value ~= "" then value = {value} -- create one value object if not self.rawValue then -- this should become a <ref> tag, so save the reference's hash for later value.refHash = "wikidata-" .. statement.hash .. "-v" .. (tonumber(i18n['cite']['version']) + version) end ref = {value} -- wrap the value object in an array end end return ref end -- gets a detail of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetail(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local switchLang = anyLang local value = nil if not snaks[dType] then return nil end -- if anyLang, first try the local language and otherwise any language repeat for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do value = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang and not switchLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true if value then break end end if value or not anyLang then break end switchLang = not switchLang until anyLang and switchLang return value end -- gets the details of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetails(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local values = {} if not snaks[dType] then return {} end for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do -- if nil is returned then it will not be added to the table values[#values + 1] = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true end return values end -- level 1 hook function State:getAlias(object) local value = object.value local title = nil if value and self.linked then if self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(self.conf.entityID) elseif self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then title = "d:Property:" .. self.conf.entityID end if title then value = buildWikilink(title, value) end end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getBadge(value) value = self.conf:getLabel(value, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName) if value == "" then value = nil end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result) local valuesArray, refHash -- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before if not result[param] and hooks[param] then valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks) -- array with value objects -- add to the result if #valuesArray > 0 then result[param] = valuesArray result.count = result.count + 1 else result[param] = {} -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already return true -- miss == true end end return false end -- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook) matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue local matches = false local rankPos = nil local result, gotRequired for _, v in ipairs(statements) do -- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.) matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v) if matches then result = {count = 0} -- collection of arrays with value objects local function walk(formatTable) local miss for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do -- call a hook, adding its return value to the result miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result) if miss then -- we miss a required value for this level, so return false return false end if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point breaks the loop return true end end for _, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed return true end if v2.child then walk(v2.child) end end return true end gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat) -- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level if gotRequired then -- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank > rankPos then self.conf.foundRank = rankPos end -- append the result self.results[#self.results + 1] = result -- break if we only need a single value if self.singleValue then break end end end end return self:out() end local function getEntityId(arg, eid, page, allowOmitPropPrefix) local id = nil local prop = nil if arg then if arg:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = arg eid = nil elseif arg:sub(1,1):upper() == "Q" or arg:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" or allowOmitPropPrefix then eid = arg page = nil else prop = arg end end if eid then if eid:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" then id = replaceAlias(mw.text.trim(eid:sub(10))) if id:sub(1,1):upper() ~= "P" then id = "" end else id = replaceAlias(eid) end elseif page then if page:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = mw.text.trim(page:sub(2)) end id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(page) or "" end if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or "" end id = id:upper() if not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then id = "" end return id, prop end local function nextArg(args) local arg = args[args.pointer] if arg then args.pointer = args.pointer + 1 return mw.text.trim(arg) else return nil end end local function claimCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg:processFlagOrCommand(funcName) -- process first command (== function name) local lastArg, parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, value local hooks = {count = 0} -- set the date if given; -- must come BEFORE processing the flags if args[p.args.date] then cfg.atDate = {parseDate(args[p.args.date])} cfg.periods = {false, true, false} -- change default time constraint to 'current' end -- process flags and commands repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlagOrCommand(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID, cfg.propertyID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page]) if cfg.entityID == "" then return "" -- we cannot continue without a valid entity ID end cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if not cfg.propertyID then cfg.propertyID = nextArg(args) end cfg.propertyID = replaceAlias(cfg.propertyID) if not cfg.entity or not cfg.propertyID then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity or a property ID end cfg.propertyID = cfg.propertyID:upper() if not cfg.entity.claims or not cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any claims end claims = cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- do further processing if "qualifier(s)" command was given if #args - args.pointer + 1 > cfg.states.qualifiersCount then -- claim ID or literal value has been given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end for i = 1, cfg.states.qualifiersCount do -- check if given qualifier ID is an alias and add it cfg.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = replaceAlias(nextArg(args) or ""):upper() end elseif cfg.states[parameters.reference] then -- do further processing if "reference(s)" command was given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end -- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue' if cfg.propertyValue then cfg.propertyValue = replaceSpecialChars(cfg.propertyValue) if cfg.propertyValue ~= "" and mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) == "" then cfg.propertyValue = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue' else cfg.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) end end -- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) elseif cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- "qualifier(s)" command given if cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier) end elseif cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property) else -- "reference(s)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference) end -- if a "qualifier(s)" command and no "propert(y|ies)" command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.separator][1] = {";"} end -- if only "reference(s)" has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw) if cfg.states[parameters.reference] and not cfg.states[parameters.property] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then cfg.separators["sep"][1] = nil end -- if exactly one "qualifier(s)" command has been given, make "sep%q" point to "sep%q1" to make them equivalent if cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier] = cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier.."1"] end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences); -- only define a hook if both its command ("propert(y|ies)", "reference(s)", "qualifier(s)") and its parameter ("%p", "%r", "%q1", "%q2", "%q3") have been given for i, v in pairs(cfg.states) do -- e.g. 'formatParams["%q1"] or formatParams["%q"]' to define hook even if "%q1" was not defined to be able to build a complete value for "%q" if formatParams[i] or formatParams[i:sub(1, 2)] then hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end end -- the "%q" parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to "%q1", "%q2", "%q3", ...); -- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one "qualifier(s)" command has been given if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- create a state for "properties" if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.states[parameters.property] = State:new(cfg, parameters.property) -- if the "single" flag has been given then this state should be equivalent to "property" (singular) if cfg.singleClaim then cfg.states[parameters.property].singleValue = true end end -- if the "sourced" flag has been given then create a state for "reference" if it doesn't exist yet, using default values, -- which must exist in order to be able to determine if a claim has any references; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if cfg.sourcedOnly and not cfg.states[parameters.reference] then cfg:processFlagOrCommand(p.claimCommands.reference) -- use singular "reference" to minimize overhead end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark); -- must come AFTER creating the additonal states cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.states[parameters.property], parsedFormat) -- process qualifier matching values, analogous to cfg.propertyValue for i, v in pairs(args) do i = tostring(i) if i:match('^[Pp]%d+$') or aliasesP[i] then v = replaceSpecialChars(v) -- check for special qualifier value 'somevalue' if v ~= "" and mw.text.trim(v) == "" then v = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' end cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues[replaceAlias(i):upper()] = v end end -- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated) claims = sortOnRank(claims) -- then iterate through the claims to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches)) -- pass property state with level 1 hooks and matchHook -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned values on Wikidata if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end local function generalCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg.curState = State:new(cfg) local lastArg local value = nil repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlag(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], true) if cfg.entityID == "" or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(cfg.entityID) then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity end -- serve according to the given command if funcName == p.generalCommands.label then value = cfg:getLabel(cfg.entityID, cfg.curState.rawValue, cfg.curState.linked, cfg.curState.shortName) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.title then cfg.inSitelinks = true if cfg.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then value = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(cfg.entityID) end if cfg.curState.linked and value then value = buildWikilink(value) end elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.description then value = mw.wikibase.getDescription(cfg.entityID) else local parsedFormat, formatParams local hooks = {count = 0} cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.badge then cfg.curState.singleValue = true end if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.aliases then if not cfg.entity.aliases or not cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any aliasses end local aliases = cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.alias) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getAlias); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%a") has been given if formatParams[parameters.alias] then hooks[parameters.alias] = getHookName(parameters.alias, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(aliases, hooks)) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.badge or funcName == p.generalCommands.badges then if not cfg.entity.sitelinks or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID] or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any badges end local badges = cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges cfg.inSitelinks = true -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.badge) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getBadge); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%b") has been given if formatParams[parameters.badge] then hooks[parameters.badge] = getHookName(parameters.badge, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(badges, hooks)) end end value = value or "" if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end -- modules that include this module should call the functions with an underscore prepended, e.g.: p._property(args) local function establishCommands(commandList, commandFunc) for _, commandName in pairs(commandList) do local function wikitextWrapper(frame) local args = copyTable(frame.args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p[commandName] = wikitextWrapper local function luaWrapper(args) args = copyTable(args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p["_" .. commandName] = luaWrapper end end establishCommands(p.claimCommands, claimCommand) establishCommands(p.generalCommands, generalCommand) -- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates function p.main(frame) if not mw.wikibase then return nil end local f, args loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) -- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template frame = frame:getParent() or frame if not frame.args[1] then throwError("no-function-specified") end f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]) if f == "main" then throwError("main-called-twice") end assert(p["_"..f], errorText('no-such-function', f)) -- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table args = copyTable(frame.args) -- remove the function name from the list table.remove(args, 1) return p["_"..f](args) end return p dmx757zjxwjs3gyqisdta3qnyngdqd1 828 5519 24302 22114 2023-06-16T18:17:40Z Uzume 1101 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q29879601|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] #synchronizer Scribunto text/plain -- The values and functions in this submodule should be localized per wiki. local p = {} function p.init(aliasesP) p = { ["errors"] = { ["unknown-data-type"] = "Unknown or unsupported datatype '$1'.", ["missing-required-parameter"] = "No required parameters defined, needing at least one", ["extra-required-parameter"] = "Parameter '$1' must be defined as optional", ["no-function-specified"] = "You must specify a function to call", -- equal to the standard module error message ["main-called-twice"] = 'The function "main" cannot be called twice', ["no-such-function"] = 'The function "$1" does not exist', -- equal to the standard module error message ["malformed-reference"] = "Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See [[Module:wd/doc#References|the documentation]] for details." }, ["info"] = { ["edit-on-wikidata"] = "Edit this on Wikidata" }, ["numeric"] = { ["decimal-mark"] = ".", ["delimiter"] = "," }, ["datetime"] = { ["prefixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "" }, ["suffixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "s", ["millennium"] = " millennium", ["century"] = " century", ["million-years"] = " million years", ["billion-years"] = " billion years", ["year"] = " year", ["years"] = " years" }, ["julian-calendar"] = "Julian calendar", -- linked page title ["julian"] = "Julian", ["BCE"] = "BCE", ["CE"] = "CE", ["common-era"] = "Common Era" -- linked page title }, ["coord"] = { ["latitude-north"] = "N", ["latitude-south"] = "S", ["longitude-east"] = "E", ["longitude-west"] = "W", ["degrees"] = "°", ["minutes"] = "'", ["seconds"] = '"', ["separator"] = ", " }, ["values"] = { ["unknown"] = "unknown", ["none"] = "none" }, ["cite"] = { ["version"] = "3", -- increment this each time the below parameters are changed to avoid conflict errors ["web"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *web page sources* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite web]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.referenceURL] = "url", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date", [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.archiveURL] = "archive-url", [aliasesP.archiveDate] = "archive-date", [aliasesP.language] = "language", [aliasesP.author] = "author", -- existence of author1, author2, author3, etc. is assumed [aliasesP.authorNameString] = "author", [aliasesP.publisher] = "publisher", [aliasesP.quote] = "quote", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages" -- extra option }, ["q"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *sources other than web pages* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite Q]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "1", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", [aliasesP.column] = "at", [aliasesP.chapter] = "chapter", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "section", ["external-id"] = "id", -- used for any type of database property ID [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date" } } } p.getOrdinalSuffix = function(num) if tostring(num):sub(-2,-2) == '1' then return "th" -- 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, ... 19th end num = tostring(num):sub(-1) if num == '1' then return "st" elseif num == '2' then return "nd" elseif num == '3' then return "rd" else return "th" end end p.addDelimiters = function(n) local left, num, right = string.match(n, "^([^%d]*%d)(%d*)(.-)$") if left and num and right then return left .. (num:reverse():gsub("(%d%d%d)", "%1" .. p['numeric']['delimiter']):reverse()) .. right else return n end end return p end return p delp2h80l8nqa22xb63mor10yq2z7ld 828 5520 22116 2021-01-23T19:49:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «local p = {} -- Credit to http://stackoverflow.com/a/1283608/2644759 -- cc-by-sa 3.0 local function tableMerge(t1, t2, overwrite) for k,v in pairs(t2) do...» Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Credit to http://stackoverflow.com/a/1283608/2644759 -- cc-by-sa 3.0 local function tableMerge(t1, t2, overwrite) for k,v in pairs(t2) do if type(v) == "table" and type(t1[k]) == "table" then -- since type(t1[k]) == type(v) == "table", so t1[k] and v is true tableMerge(t1[k], v, overwrite) -- t2[k] == v else if overwrite or t1[k] == nil then t1[k] = v end end end return t1 end function p.loadI18n(name, i18n_arg) local exist, res = pcall(require, name) if exist and next(res) ~= nil then if i18n_arg then tableMerge(i18n_arg, res.i18n, true) elseif type(i18n) == "table" then -- merge to global i18n tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n, true) end end end function p.loadI18nFrame(frame, i18n_arg) p.loadI18n(frame:getTitle().."/i18n", i18n_arg) end return p pggbb6d78fzqixjoboirtmh9ljkxsuq 10 5521 22123 2021-01-24T00:32:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<span class="flagicon">ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{flag alias|}}}|{{{flag alias}}}|Flag placeholder.svg}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size...» wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[ፋይል:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{flag alias|}}}|{{{flag alias}}}|Flag placeholder.svg}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|20px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |alt={{{alias}}}|link={{{alias}}}]]</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ffhrf43b968ldge2z645hev83ij2m5n 10 5522 22437 22125 2021-02-20T16:13:16Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[ፋይል:{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|20x20px}}|{{#switch:{{{alias|}}}|ኔፓል= |ኦሃዮ= |border{{!}}}}link=|{{{alt|ባንዴራ {{{alias}}}}}}]]&nbsp;</span>[[{{{alias}}}|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 7wzmuwu3brgzimphkz5pi7d4de7wu4n 10 5523 22129 2021-01-24T01:02:02Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#Invoke:String|find|source={{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#Invoke:String|find|source={{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> juodqs93zu5kjujalax03t9rycvp3cr 10 5524 24402 22131 2023-06-29T14:40:01Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ተክእ| {{ተክእ|{{ተክእ|{{{1|}}}|%[%[.-{{!}}||plain=false}}|[|}} |]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4ot0vaqm12762nhrk6aooerci1yux4i 14 5525 22134 2021-01-24T11:23:39Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{መሓበሪ}}» wikitext text/x-wiki {{መሓበሪ}} 0mqktmgo7qwf7lmdsmrko1n6rrrqrqi 14 5526 22137 2021-01-24T13:58:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 828 5527 22144 2021-01-24T19:29:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «return { -- maps Wikidata items used in coordinate-types properties of Wikidat to globe names as used by geohack ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3343']...» Scribunto text/plain return { -- maps Wikidata items used in coordinate-types properties of Wikidat to globe names as used by geohack ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3343'] = 'ariel', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3134'] = 'callisto', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q596'] = 'ceres', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7548'] = 'deimos', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15040'] = 'dione', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2'] = 'earth', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3303'] = 'enceladus', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3169'] = 'ganymede', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15037'] = 'hyperion', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17958'] = 'iapetus', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3123'] = 'io', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q319'] = 'Jupiter', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q111'] = 'mars', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q308'] = 'mercury', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15034'] = 'mimas', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3352'] = 'miranda', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q405'] = 'moon', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q332'] = 'neptune', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3332'] = 'oberon', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17975'] = 'phoebe', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7547'] = 'phobos', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15050'] ='rhea', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q193'] = 'saturn', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2565'] = 'titan', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15047'] = 'thetys', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3322'] = 'titania', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3359'] = 'triton', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/3338Q'] = 'umbriel', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q324'] = 'uranus', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q313'] = 'venus', ['http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3030'] ='vesta', } 47ews8q2bsjlezpdgpktj6afts91mya 10 5528 22149 2021-01-25T00:12:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ካራካስ |top = 10.524 |bottom = 10.435 |left = -66.959 |right = -66.806 |image = Location map Venezuela Carac...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ካራካስ |top = 10.524 |bottom = 10.435 |left = -66.959 |right = -66.806 |image = Location map Venezuela Caracas.png }}<noinclude> {{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ቬኔዝዌላ ብከባቢ| ካራካስ]] </noinclude> 0ocmk4s6ato7fbubaxhorbm72hbjjiy 828 5529 24392 24363 2023-06-28T23:14:43Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p={} local tablesModule = require('Module:Tables') local tableElement = tablesModule.element local groupTable = tablesModule.toGroup local orderTable = tablesModule.toOrder local wikidataModule = require('Module:Wikidata') local listFormat = wikidataModule.listFormat local wikidataModuleFormats = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats') local toLink = wikidataModuleFormats.toLink local periodFormat = wikidataModuleFormats.periodFormat local getData = wikidataModuleFormats.getData local countries = mw.loadData('Module:Wikidata/Country_formats/data') function p.tests(frame) --local entity local nationality for k,v in pairs(countries) do if not v.label then --entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(k) or {} --v.label = require('Module:Tables').element(entity,'labels', 'ti', 'value') v.label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(k) end if not v.link then v.link = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(k) end if v.label and not v.nationality then nationality = frame:preprocess('{{ዜግነት ህዝቢ|'.. v.label .. '|ms}}') if nationality and nationality~= '' then v.nationality = nationality end end end return require('Module:Tables').tostringordered(countries) end function p.nationalityFormat(claim, options) if not claim then return end local board_nationalities={} local countryId local country --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(claim) end for k, v in ipairs(claim) do countryId = tableElement(v,'mainsnak','datavalue','value','id') if countryId then country = countries[countryId] or {} -- it is necessary to skip the countries without nationality if country.nationality then table.insert( nationalities_board, { ['ዜግነት'] = country.nationality, ['data'] = { ['countryId'] = countryId, ['countryLabel'] = country.label, ['countryLink'] = country.link, ['period'] = periodFormat(v.qualifiers) }, ['date'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P585',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['creationDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P571',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['startDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P580',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['endDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P582',1,'datavalue','value','time') } ) end elseif tableElement(v,'mainsnak','snaktype') == 'novalue' then if tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P805',1,'datavalue','value','id') == 'Q223050' then table.insert( nationalities_board, { ['ዜግነት'] = 'ዜግነት ኣልቦ', ['data'] = { ['period'] = periodFormat(v.qualifiers) }, ['date'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P585',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['creationDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P571',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['startDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P580',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['endDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P582',1,'datavalue','value','time') } ) else table.insert( nationalities_board, { ['ዜግነት'] = 'ብዘይ ዜግነት', ['data'] = { ['period'] = periodFormat(v.qualifiers) }, ['date'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P585',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['creationDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P571',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['startDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P580',1,'datavalue','value','time'), ['endDate'] = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P582',1,'datavalue','value','time') } ) end end end orderTable(nationalities_board, {'ዜግነት', 'startDate', 'endDate'}) nationalities_board = groupTable(nationalities_board, 'ዜግነት', 'data') --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(nationalities_board) end orderTable(nationalities_board, {'startDate', 'endDate'}) --nationalities_board = groupTable(nationalities_board, 'ዜግነት', 'data') --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(nationalities_board) end local nationalities = {} local periods_board local nationality local periods for k,v in ipairs(board_nationalities) do periods_board = {} if v.data[2] then nationality = v.nationality if options['textFormat'] and mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'uppercase', plain ) and k == 1 then nationality = mw.language.new('ti'):ucfirst(nationality) end -- Check if all periods are reported. If not, they will not be placed in parentheses. -- For example, William Wordsworth whose country of nationality in Wikidata is the -- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with no start or end dates and the Kingdom of Great Britain -- with an end date of 1 Jan 1801. -- Only "British" will be returned as nationality. local wcountryWithoutPeriod for k2,v2 in ipairs(v.data) do if not v2.period then wcountryWithoutPeriod = true end end if not wcountryWithoutPeriod then for k2,v2 in ipairs(v.data) do table.insert(periods_board, toLink(v2.countryLink, v2.period, v2.countryId)) end periods = table.concat(periods_board,'፣ ') end --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(periods_board) end else if options['textFormat'] and mw.ustring.find(options['textFormat'],'uppercase', plain ) and k == 1 then options['uppercase'] = 'yes' else options['uppercase'] = 'no' end nationality = toLink(v.data[1].countryLink, v.nationality, v.data[1].countryId, options) periods = v.data[1].period end if periods and periods ~= '' then nationality = nationality .. '&nbsp;<small>(' .. periods .. ')</small>' end table.insert(nationalities, nationality) end return listFormat(nationalities, options) --return require('Module:Tables').tostring(nationalities) end function p._nationality(frame) local args = frame.args --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(frame.args) end local claim = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(args.entityId or args.id,'P27') if not claim then return end options={} options.property = 'P27' options.entityId = args.entityId or args.id,'P27' options.linkback = args.linkback options.textFormat = args.textFormat options.link = args.link return p.nationalityFormat(claim, options) end function p.flagFormat(value, options, frame) if not value then return end local link, label, id = getData(value) if not label then return elseif mw.title.new('Template:Country data '.. label ).exists then return frame:preprocess('{{flagcountry|' .. label .. '}}') else return toLink(link, label, id, options) end end -- Alias to simplify use from template property -- p['flag'] = p.flagFormat p['ዜግነት'] = p.nationalityFormat return p mmxew0tlnq8p2sl49k3zr4r3lcow17v 828 5530 24401 24390 2023-06-29T14:34:26Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Q115"] = { ["link"] = "ኢትዮጵያ", ["label"] = "ኢትዮጵያ", ["ዜግነት"] = "ኢትዮጵያዊ" }, ["Q717"] = { ["link"] = "ቬኔዝዌላ", ["label"] = "ቬኔዝዌላ", }, ["Q986"] = { ["link"] = "ኤርትራ", ["label"] = "ኤርትራ", ["ዜግነት"] = "ኤርትራዊ" } } 31jyy7wsb4rz9bxuts1ifymkfc5gnk5 0 5531 22170 2021-01-29T15:18:26Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ካራካስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ካራካስ]] pmbhfmach0t08ucalaldsezhtnkf5bc 10 5532 22172 2021-01-29T16:20:29Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ኤርትራ |top = 18.4 |bottom = 12.0 |left = 36.0 |right = 43.8 |image = Eritrea adm location map.svg |ቅር...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} |name = ኤርትራ |top = 18.4 |bottom = 12.0 |left = 36.0 |right = 43.8 |image = Eritrea adm location map.svg |ቅርጻ_መሬት = Eritrea physical map.svg }}<noinclude> {{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ኣፍሪቃ|ኤርትራ]] </noinclude> 3jgt09w95xh5304gsyms3ed5cdyrx3q 828 5533 22184 2021-01-30T16:52:48Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «return require('Module:ካርታ ቦታ/data/መሬት')» Scribunto text/plain return require('Module:ካርታ ቦታ/data/መሬት') qdf428f738nbi9zci3iit977n6cd795 828 5534 22185 2021-01-30T16:54:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «return { name = 'መሬት', top = 90, bottom = -90, left = -180, right = 180, image = 'World location map (equirectangular 180).svg', image1='World...» Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'መሬት', top = 90, bottom = -90, left = -180, right = 180, image = 'World location map (equirectangular 180).svg', image1='World location map (equirectangular 180).svg'} pb2ze1hr78blg7uy346tg6jtz48w2e4 828 5535 22186 2021-01-30T18:01:14Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «return { name = 'ኤርትራ', top = 18.4, bottom = 12.0, left = 36.0, right = 43.8, image = 'Eritrea adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Eritrea phys...» Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'ኤርትራ', top = 18.4, bottom = 12.0, left = 36.0, right = 43.8, image = 'Eritrea adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Eritrea physical map.svg' } 31ra0pdzg1groz8jz01yafc4apmvp8c 828 5536 22188 2021-01-30T18:15:39Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «/* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .locmap .od { position: absolute; } .locmap .id { position: absolute; line-height: 0; } .locmap .l0 { font-size: 0; position:...» sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .locmap .od { position: absolute; } .locmap .id { position: absolute; line-height: 0; } .locmap .l0 { font-size: 0; position: absolute; } .locmap .pv { line-height: 110%; position: absolute; text-align: center; } .locmap .pl { line-height: 110%; position: absolute; top: -0.75em; text-align: right; } .locmap .pr { line-height: 110%; position: absolute; top: -0.75em; text-align: left; } .locmap .pv > div { display: inline; padding: 1px; } .locmap .pl > div { display: inline; /* inline does not impact floated elements */ padding: 1px; float: right; } .locmap .pr > div { display: inline; /* inline does not impact floated elements */ padding: 1px; float: left; } 35f6dlyuasgahmqlucozdrfx6yzejkx 828 5537 22191 2021-01-30T18:58:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «-- Note: Originally written on English Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Mapframe --[[----------------------------------------------------...» Scribunto text/plain -- Note: Originally written on English Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Mapframe --[[---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ##### Localisation (L10n) settings ##### Replace values in quotes ("") with localised values ----------------------------------------------------------------------------]]-- local L10n = {} -- Modue dependencies local transcluder -- local copy of https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Module:Transcluder loaded lazily -- "Module:No globals" should not be used, at least until all other modules which require this module are not using globals. -- Template parameter names (unnumbered versions only) -- Specify each as either a single string, or a table of strings (aliases) -- Aliases are checked left-to-right, i.e. `{ "one", "two" }` is equivalent to using `{{{one| {{{two|}}} }}}` in a template L10n.para = { display = "display", type = "type", id = { "id", "ids" }, from = "from", raw = "raw", title = "title", description = "description", strokeColor = { "stroke-color", "stroke-colour" }, strokeWidth = "stroke-width", strokeOpacity = "stroke-opacity", fill = "fill", fillOpacity = "fill-opacity", coord = "coord", marker = "marker", markerColor = { "marker-color", "marker-colour" }, markerSize = "marker-size", radius = { "radius", "radius_m" }, radiusKm = "radius_km", radiusFt = "radius_ft", radiusMi = "radius_mi", edges = "edges", text = "text", icon = "icon", zoom = "zoom", frame = "frame", plain = "plain", frameWidth = "frame-width", frameHeight = "frame-height", frameCoordinates = { "frame-coordinates", "frame-coord" }, frameLatitude = { "frame-lat", "frame-latitude" }, frameLongitude = { "frame-long", "frame-longitude" }, frameAlign = "frame-align", switch = "switch", overlay = "overlay", overlayBorder = "overlay-border", overlayHorizontalAlignment = "overlay-horizontal-alignment", overlayVerticalAlignment = "overlay-vertical-alignment", overlayHorizontalOffset = "overlay-horizontal-offset", overlayVerticalOffset = "overlay-vertical-offset" } -- Names of other templates this module can extract coordinates from L10n.template = { coord = { -- The coord template, as well as templates with output that contains {{coord}} "Coord", "Coord/sandbox", "NRHP row", "NRHP row/sandbox", "WikidataCoord", "WikidataCoord/sandbox", "Wikidatacoord", "Wikidata coord" } } -- Error messages L10n.error = { badDisplayPara = "Invalid display parameter", noCoords = "Coordinates must be specified on Wikidata or in |" .. ( type(L10n.para.coord)== 'table' and L10n.para.coord[1] or L10n.para.coord ) .. "=", wikidataCoords = "Coordinates not found on Wikidata", noCircleCoords = "Circle centre coordinates must be specified, or available via Wikidata", negativeRadius = "Circle radius must be a positive number", noRadius = "Circle radius must be specified", negativeEdges = "Circle edges must be a positive number", noSwitchPara = "Found only one switch value in |" .. ( type(L10n.para.switch)== 'table' and L10n.para.switch[1] or L10n.para.switch ) .. "=", oneSwitchLabel = "Found only one label in |" .. ( type(L10n.para.switch)== 'table' and L10n.para.switch[1] or L10n.para.switch ) .. "=", noSwitchLists = "At least one parameter must have a SWITCH: list", switchMismatches = "All SWITCH: lists must have the same number of values", -- "%s" and "%d" tokens will be replaced with strings and numbers when used oneSwitchValue = "Found only one switch value in |%s=", fewerSwitchLabels = "Found %d switch values but only %d labels in |" .. ( type(L10n.para.switch)== 'table' and L10n.para.switch[1] or L10n.para.switch ) .. "=", noNamedCoords = "No named coordinates found in %s" } -- Other strings L10n.str = { -- valid values for display parameter, e.g. (|display=inline) or (|display=title) or (|display=inline,title) or (|display=title,inline) inline = "inline", title = "title", dsep = ",", -- separator between inline and title (comma in the example above) -- valid values for type paramter line = "line", -- geoline feature (e.g. a road) shape = "shape", -- geoshape feature (e.g. a state or province) shapeInverse = "shape-inverse", -- geomask feature (the inverse of a geoshape) data = "data", -- geoJSON data page on Commons point = "point", -- single point feature (coordinates) circle = "circle", -- circular area around a point named = "named", -- all named coordinates in an article or section -- Keyword to indicate a switch list. Must NOT use the special characters ^$()%.[]*+-? switch = "SWITCH", -- valid values for icon, frame, and plain parameters affirmedWords = ' '..table.concat({ "add", "added", "affirm", "affirmed", "include", "included", "on", "true", "yes", "y" }, ' ')..' ', declinedWords = ' '..table.concat({ "decline", "declined", "exclude", "excluded", "false", "none", "not", "no", "n", "off", "omit", "omitted", "remove", "removed" }, ' ')..' ' } -- Default values for parameters L10n.defaults = { display = L10n.str.inline, text = "Map", frameWidth = "300", frameHeight = "200", frameAlign = "right", markerColor = "5E74F3", markerSize = nil, strokeColor = "#ff0000", strokeWidth = 6, edges = 32, -- number of edges used to approximate a circle overlayBorder = "1px solid white", overlayHorizontalAlignment = "right", overlayHorizontalOffset = "0", overlayVerticalAlignment = "bottom", overlayVerticalOffset = "0" } -- #### End of L10n settings #### --[[---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utility methods ----------------------------------------------------------------------------]]-- local util = {} --[[ Looks up a parameter value based on the id (a key from the L10n.para table) and optionally a suffix, for parameters that can be suffixed (e.g. type2 is type with suffix 2). @param {table} args key-value pairs of parameter names and their values @param {string} param_id id for parameter name (key from the L10n.para table) @param {string} [suffix] suffix for parameter name @returns {string|nil} parameter value if found, or nil if not found ]]-- function util.getParameterValue(args, param_id, suffix) suffix = suffix or '' if type( L10n.para[param_id] ) ~= 'table' then return args[L10n.para[param_id]..suffix] end for _i, paramAlias in ipairs(L10n.para[param_id]) do if args[paramAlias..suffix] then return args[paramAlias..suffix] end end return nil end --[[ Trim whitespace from args, and remove empty args. Also fix control characters. @param {table} argsTable @returns {table} trimmed args table ]]-- function util.trimArgs(argsTable) local cleanArgs = {} for key, val in pairs(argsTable) do if type(val) == 'string' then val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if val ~= '' then -- control characters inside json need to be escaped, but stripping them is simpler -- See also T214984 -- However, *don't* strip control characters from wikitext or you'll break strip markers cleanArgs[key] = (not util.matchesParam('text', key)) and val:gsub('%c',' ') or val end else cleanArgs[key] = val end end return cleanArgs end --[[ Check if a parameter name matches an unlocalized parameter key @param {string} key - the unlocalized parameter name to search through @param {string} name - the localized parameter name to check @param {string|nil} - an optional suffix to apply to the value(s) from the localization key @returns {boolean} true if the name matches the parameter, false otherwise ]]-- function util.matchesParam(key, name, suffix) local param = L10n.para[key] suffix = suffix or '' if type(param) == 'table' then for _, v in pairs(param) do if (v .. suffix) == name then return true end end return false end return ((param .. suffix) == name) end --[[ Check if a value is affirmed (one of the values in L10n.str.affirmedWords) @param {string} val Value to be checked @returns {boolean} true if affirmed, false otherwise ]]-- function util.isAffirmed(val) if not(val) then return false end return string.find(L10n.str.affirmedWords, ' '..val..' ', 1, true ) and true or false end --[[ Check if a value is declined (one of the values in L10n.str.declinedWords) @param {string} val Value to be checked @returns {boolean} true if declined, false otherwise ]]-- function util.isDeclined(val) if not(val) then return false end return string.find(L10n.str.declinedWords , ' '..val..' ', 1, true ) and true or false end --[[ Check if the name of a template matches the known coord templates or wrappers (in L10n.template.coord). The name is normalised when checked, so e.g. the names "Coord", "coord", and " Coord" all return true. @param {string} name @returns {boolean} true if it is a coord template or wrapper, false otherwise ]]-- function util.isCoordTemplateOrWrapper(name) name = mw.text.trim(name) local inputTitle = mw.title.new(name, 'Template') if not inputTitle then return false end -- Create (or reuse) mw.title objects for each known coord template/wrapper. -- Stored in L10n.template.title so that they don't need to be recreated -- each time this function is called if not L10n.template.titles then L10n.template.titles = {} for _, v in pairs(L10n.template.coord) do table.insert(L10n.template.titles, mw.title.new(v, 'Template')) end end for _, templateTitle in pairs(L10n.template.titles) do if mw.title.equals(inputTitle, templateTitle) then return true end end return false end --[[ Recursively extract coord templates which have a name parameter. @param {string} wikitext @returns {table} table sequence of coord templates ]]-- function util.extractCoordTemplates(wikitext) local output = {} local templates = mw.ustring.gmatch(wikitext, '{%b{}}') local subtemplates = {} for template in templates do local templateName = mw.ustring.match(template, '{{([^}|]+)') local nameParam = mw.ustring.match(template, "|%s*name%s*=%s*[^}|]+") if util.isCoordTemplateOrWrapper(templateName) then if nameParam then table.insert(output, template) end elseif mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.sub(template, 2), "{{") then local subOutput = util.extractCoordTemplates(mw.ustring.sub(template, 2)) for _, t in pairs(subOutput) do table.insert(output, t) end end end -- ensure coords are not using title display for k, v in pairs(output) do output[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(v, "|%s*display%s*=[^|}]+", "|display=inline") end return output end --[[ Gets all named coordiates from a page or a section of a page. @param {string|nil} page Page name, or name#section, to get named coordinates from. If the name is omitted, i.e. #section or nil or empty string, then the current page will be used. @returns {table} sequence of {coord, name, description} tables where coord is the coordinates in a format suitable for #util.parseCoords, name is a string, and description is a string (coordinates in a format suitable for displaying to the reader). If for some reason the name can't be found, the description is nil and the name contains display-format coordinates. @throws {L10n.error.noNamedCoords} if no named coordinates are found. ]]-- function util.getNamedCoords(page) if transcluder == nil then -- load [[Module:Transcluder]] lazily so it is only transcluded on pages that -- actually use named coordinates transcluder = require("Module:Transcluder") end local parts = mw.text.split(page or "", "#", true) local name = parts[1] == "" and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText or parts[1] local section = parts[2] local pageWikitext = transcluder.get(section and name.."#"..section or name) local coordTemplates = util.extractCoordTemplates(pageWikitext) if #coordTemplates == 0 then error(string.format(L10n.error.noNamedCoords, page or name), 0) end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local sep = "________" local expandedContent = frame:preprocess(table.concat(coordTemplates, sep)) local expandedTemplates = mw.text.split(expandedContent, sep) local namedCoords = {} for _, expandedTemplate in pairs(expandedTemplates) do local coord = mw.ustring.match(expandedTemplate, "<span class=\"geo%-dec\".->(.-)</span>") if coord then local name = ( -- name specified by a wrapper template, e.g [[Article|Name]] mw.ustring.match(expandedTemplate, "<span class=\"mapframe%-coord%-name\">(.-)</span>") or -- name passed into coord template mw.ustring.match(expandedTemplate, "<span class=\"fn org\">(.-)</span>") or -- default to the coordinates if the name can't be retrieved coord ) local description = name ~= coord and coord local coord = mw.ustring.gsub(coord, "[° ]", "_") table.insert(namedCoords, {coord=coord, name=name, description=description}) end end if #namedCoords == 0 then error(string.format(L10n.error.noNamedCoords, page or name), 0) end return namedCoords end --[[ Parse coordinate values from the params passed in a GeoHack url (such as //tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Example&params=1_2_N_3_4_W_ or //tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Example&params=1.23_S_4.56_E_ ) or non-url string in the same format (such as `1_2_N_3_4_W_` or `1.23_S_4.56_E_`) @param {string} coords string containing coordinates @returns {number, number} latitude, longitude ]]-- function util.parseCoords(coords) local coordsPatt if mw.ustring.find(coords, "params=", 1, true) then -- prevent false matches from page name, e.g. ?pagename=Lorem_S._Ipsum coordsPatt = 'params=([_%.%d]+[NS][_%.%d]+[EW])' else -- not actually a geohack url, just the same format coordsPatt = '[_%.%d]+[NS][_%.%d]+[EW]' end local parts = mw.text.split((mw.ustring.match(coords, coordsPatt) or ''), '_') local lat_d = tonumber(parts[1]) local lat_m = tonumber(parts[2]) -- nil if coords are in decimal format local lat_s = lat_m and tonumber(parts[3]) -- nil if coords are either in decimal format or degrees and minutes only local lat = lat_d + (lat_m or 0)/60 + (lat_s or 0)/3600 if parts[#parts/2] == 'S' then lat = lat * -1 end local long_d = tonumber(parts[1+#parts/2]) local long_m = tonumber(parts[2+#parts/2]) -- nil if coords are in decimal format local long_s = long_m and tonumber(parts[3+#parts/2]) -- nil if coords are either in decimal format or degrees and minutes only local long = long_d + (long_m or 0)/60 + (long_s or 0)/3600 if parts[#parts] == 'W' then long = long * -1 end return lat, long end --[[ Get coordinates from a Wikidata item @param {string} item_id Wikidata item id (Q number) @returns {number, number} latitude, longitude @throws {L10n.error.noCoords} if item_id is invalid or the item does not exist @throws {L10n.error.wikidataCoords} if the the item does not have a P625 statement (coordinates), or it is set to "no value" ]]-- function util.wikidataCoords(item_id) if not (item_id and mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(item_id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(item_id)) then error(L10n.error.noCoords, 0) end local coordStatements = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(item_id, 'P625') if not coordStatements or #coordStatements == 0 then error(L10n.error.wikidataCoords, 0) end local hasNoValue = ( coordStatements[1].mainsnak and (coordStatements[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'novalue' or coordStatements[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'somevalue') ) if hasNoValue then error(L10n.error.wikidataCoords, 0) end local wdCoords = coordStatements[1]['mainsnak']['datavalue']['value'] return tonumber(wdCoords['latitude']), tonumber(wdCoords['longitude']) end --[[ Creates a polygon that approximates a circle @param {number} lat Latitude @param {number} long Longitude @param {number} radius Radius in metres @param {number} n Number of edges for the polygon @returns {table} sequence of {latitude, longitude} table sequences, where latitude and longitude are both numbers ]]-- function util.circleToPolygon(lat, long, radius, n) -- n is number of edges -- Based on https://github.com/gabzim/circle-to-polygon, ISC licence local function offset(cLat, cLon, distance, bearing) local lat1 = math.rad(cLat) local lon1 = math.rad(cLon) local dByR = distance / 6378137 -- distance divided by 6378137 (radius of the earth) wgs84 local lat = math.asin( math.sin(lat1) * math.cos(dByR) + math.cos(lat1) * math.sin(dByR) * math.cos(bearing) ) local lon = lon1 + math.atan2( math.sin(bearing) * math.sin(dByR) * math.cos(lat1), math.cos(dByR) - math.sin(lat1) * math.sin(lat) ) return {math.deg(lon), math.deg(lat)} end local coordinates = {}; local i = 0; while i < n do table.insert(coordinates, offset(lat, long, radius, (2*math.pi*i*-1)/n) ) i = i + 1 end table.insert(coordinates, offset(lat, long, radius, 0)) return coordinates end --[[ Get the number of key-value pairs in a table, which might not be a sequence. @param {table} t @returns {number} count of key-value pairs ]]-- function util.tableCount(t) local count = 0 for k, v in pairs(t) do count = count + 1 end return count end --[[ For a table where the values are all tables, returns either the util.tableCount of the subtables if they are all the same, or nil if they are not all the same. @param {table} t @returns {number|nil} count of key-value pairs of subtable, or nil if subtables have different counts ]]-- function util.subTablesCount(t) local count = nil for k, v in pairs(t) do if count == nil then count = util.tableCount(v) elseif count ~= util.tableCount(v) then return nil end end return count end --[[ Splits a list into a table sequence. The items in the list may be separated by commas, or by semicolons (if items may contain commas), or by "###" (if items may contain semicolons). @param {string} listString @returns {table} sequence of list items ]]-- function util.tableFromList(listString) if type(listString) ~= "string" or listString == "" then return nil end local separator = (mw.ustring.find(listString, "###", 0, true ) and "###") or (mw.ustring.find(listString, ";", 0, true ) and ";") or "," local pattern = "%s*"..separator.."%s*" return mw.text.split(listString, pattern) end -- Boolean in outer scope indicating if Kartographer should be able to -- automatically calculate coordinates (see phab:T227402) local coordsDerivedFromFeatures = false; --[[---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Make methods: These take in a table of arguments, and return either a string or a table to be used in the eventual output. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------]]-- local make = {} --[[ Makes content to go inside the maplink or mapframe tag. @param {table} args @returns {string} tag content ]]-- function make.content(args) if util.getParameterValue(args, 'raw') then coordsDerivedFromFeatures = true -- Kartographer should be able to automatically calculate coords from raw geoJSON return util.getParameterValue(args, 'raw') end local content = {} local argsExpanded = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local index = string.match( k, '^[^0-9]+([0-9]*)$' ) if index ~= nil then local indexNumber = '' if index ~= '' then indexNumber = tonumber(index) else indexNumber = 1 end if argsExpanded[indexNumber] == nil then argsExpanded[indexNumber] = {} end argsExpanded[indexNumber][ string.gsub(k, index, '') ] = v end end for contentIndex, contentArgs in pairs(argsExpanded) do local argType = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, "type") -- Kartographer automatically calculates coords if geolines/shapes are used (T227402) if not coordsDerivedFromFeatures then coordsDerivedFromFeatures = ( argType == L10n.str.line or argType == L10n.str.shape ) and true or false end if argType == L10n.str.named then local namedCoords = util.getNamedCoords(util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, "from")) local typeKey = type(L10n.para.type) == "table" and L10n.para.type[1] or L10n.para.type local coordKey = type(L10n.para.coord) == "table" and L10n.para.coord[1] or L10n.para.coord local titleKey = type(L10n.para.title) == "table" and L10n.para.title[1] or L10n.para.title local descKey = type(L10n.para.description) == "table" and L10n.para.description[1] or L10n.para.description for _, namedCoord in pairs(namedCoords) do contentArgs[typeKey] = "point" contentArgs[coordKey] = namedCoord.coord contentArgs[titleKey] = namedCoord.name contentArgs[descKey] = namedCoord.description content[#content+1] = make.contentJson(contentArgs) end else content[#content + 1] = make.contentJson(contentArgs) end end --Single item, no array needed if #content==1 then return content[1] end --Multiple items get placed in a FeatureCollection local contentArray = '[\n' .. table.concat( content, ',\n') .. '\n]' return contentArray end --[[ Make coordinates from the coord arg, or the id arg, or the current page's Wikidata item. @param {table} args @param {boolean} [plainOutput] @returns {Mixed} Either: {number, number} latitude, longitude if plainOutput is true; or {table} table sequence of longitude, then latitude (gives the required format for GeoJSON when encoded) ]]-- function make.coords(args, plainOutput) local coords, lat, long local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() if util.getParameterValue(args, 'coord') then coords = frame:preprocess( util.getParameterValue(args, 'coord') ) lat, long = util.parseCoords(coords) else lat, long = util.wikidataCoords(util.getParameterValue(args, 'id') or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()) end if plainOutput then return lat, long end return {[0] = long, [1] = lat} end --[[ Makes a table of coordinates that approximate a circle. @param {table} args @returns {table} sequence of {latitude, longitude} table sequences, where latitude and longitude are both numbers @throws {L10n.error.noCircleCoords} if centre coordinates are not specified @throws {L10n.error.noRadius} if radius is not specified @throws {L10n.error.negativeRadius} if radius is negative or zero @throws {L10n.error.negativeEdges} if edges is negative or zero ]]-- function make.circleCoords(args) local lat, long = make.coords(args, true) local radius = util.getParameterValue(args, 'radius') if not radius then radius = util.getParameterValue(args, 'radiusKm') and tonumber(util.getParameterValue(args, 'radiusKm'))*1000 if not radius then radius = util.getParameterValue(args, 'radiusMi') and tonumber(util.getParameterValue(args, 'radiusMi'))*1609.344 if not radius then radius = util.getParameterValue(args, 'radiusFt') and tonumber(util.getParameterValue(args, 'radiusFt'))*0.3048 end end end local edges = util.getParameterValue(args, 'edges') or L10n.defaults.edges if not lat or not long then error(L10n.error.noCircleCoords, 0) elseif not radius then error(L10n.error.noRadius, 0) elseif tonumber(radius) <= 0 then error(L10n.error.negativeRadius, 0) elseif tonumber(edges) <= 0 then error(L10n.error.negativeEdges, 0) end return util.circleToPolygon(lat, long, radius, tonumber(edges)) end --[[ Makes JSON data for a feature @param contentArgs args for this feature. Keys must be the non-suffixed version of the parameter names, i.e. use type, stroke, fill,... rather than type3, stroke3, fill3,... @returns {string} JSON encoded data ]]-- function make.contentJson(contentArgs) local data = {} if util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'type') == L10n.str.point or util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'type') == L10n.str.circle then local isCircle = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'type') == L10n.str.circle data.type = "Feature" data.geometry = { type = isCircle and "LineString" or "Point", coordinates = isCircle and make.circleCoords(contentArgs) or make.coords(contentArgs) } data.properties = { title = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'title') or mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent():getTitle() } if isCircle then -- TODO: This is very similar to below, should be extracted into a function data.properties.stroke = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'strokeColor') or L10n.defaults.strokeColor data.properties["stroke-width"] = tonumber(util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'strokeWidth')) or L10n.defaults.strokeWidth local strokeOpacity = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'strokeOpacity') if strokeOpacity then data.properties['stroke-opacity'] = tonumber(strokeOpacity) end local fill = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'fill') if fill then data.properties.fill = fill local fillOpacity = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'fillOpacity') data.properties['fill-opacity'] = fillOpacity and tonumber(fillOpacity) or 0.6 end else -- is a point local markerSymbol = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'marker') or L10n.defaults.marker -- allow blank to be explicitly specified, for overriding infoboxes or other templates with a default value if markerSymbol ~= "blank" then data.properties["marker-symbol"] = markerSymbol end data.properties["marker-color"] = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'markerColor') or L10n.defaults.markerColor data.properties["marker-size"] = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'markerSize') or L10n.defaults.markerSize end else data.type = "ExternalData" if util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'type') == L10n.str.data or util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'from') then data.service = "page" elseif util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'type') == L10n.str.line then data.service = "geoline" elseif util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'type') == L10n.str.shape then data.service = "geoshape" elseif util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'type') == L10n.str.shapeInverse then data.service = "geomask" end if util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'id') or (not (util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'from')) and mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()) then data.ids = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'id') or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() else data.title = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'from') end data.properties = { stroke = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'strokeColor') or L10n.defaults.strokeColor, ["stroke-width"] = tonumber(util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'strokeWidth')) or L10n.defaults.strokeWidth } local strokeOpacity = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'strokeOpacity') if strokeOpacity then data.properties['stroke-opacity'] = tonumber(strokeOpacity) end local fill = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'fill') if fill and (data.service == "geoshape" or data.service == "geomask") then data.properties.fill = fill local fillOpacity = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'fillOpacity') if fillOpacity then data.properties['fill-opacity'] = tonumber(fillOpacity) end end end data.properties.title = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'title') or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text if util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'description') then data.properties.description = util.getParameterValue(contentArgs, 'description') end return mw.text.jsonEncode(data) end --[[ Makes attributes for the maplink or mapframe tag. @param {table} args @param {boolean} [isTitle] Tag is to be displayed in the title of page rather than inline @returns {table<string,string>} key-value pairs of attribute names and values ]]-- function make.tagAttribs(args, isTitle) local attribs = {} if util.getParameterValue(args, 'zoom') then attribs.zoom = util.getParameterValue(args, 'zoom') end if util.isDeclined(util.getParameterValue(args, 'icon')) then attribs.class = "no-icon" end if util.getParameterValue(args, 'type') == L10n.str.point and not coordsDerivedFromFeatures then local lat, long = make.coords(args, 'plainOutput') attribs.latitude = tostring(lat) attribs.longitude = tostring(long) end if util.isAffirmed(util.getParameterValue(args, 'frame')) and not(isTitle) then attribs.width = util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameWidth') or L10n.defaults.frameWidth attribs.height = util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameHeight') or L10n.defaults.frameHeight if util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameCoordinates') then local frameLat, frameLong = util.parseCoords(util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameCoordinates')) attribs.latitude = frameLat attribs.longitude = frameLong else if util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameLatitude') then attribs.latitude = util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameLatitude') end if util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameLongitude') then attribs.longitude = util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameLongitude') end end if not attribs.latitude and not attribs.longitude and not coordsDerivedFromFeatures then local success, lat, long = pcall(util.wikidataCoords, util.getParameterValue(args, 'id') or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()) if success then attribs.latitude = tostring(lat) attribs.longitude = tostring(long) end end if util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameAlign') then attribs.align = util.getParameterValue(args, 'frameAlign') end if util.isAffirmed(util.getParameterValue(args, 'plain')) then attribs.frameless = "1" else attribs.text = util.getParameterValue(args, 'text') or L10n.defaults.text end else attribs.text = util.getParameterValue(args, 'text') or L10n.defaults.text end return attribs end --[[ Makes maplink wikitext that will be located in the top-right of the title of the page (the same place where coords with |display=title are positioned). @param {table} args @param {string} tagContent Content for the maplink tag @returns {string} ]]-- function make.titleOutput(args, tagContent) local titleTag = mw.text.tag('maplink', make.tagAttribs(args, true), tagContent) local spanAttribs = { style = "font-size: small;", id = "coordinates" } return mw.text.tag('span', spanAttribs, titleTag) end --[[ Makes maplink or mapframe wikitext that will be located inline. @param {table} args @param {string} tagContent Content for the maplink tag @returns {string} ]]-- function make.inlineOutput(args, tagContent) local tagName = 'maplink' if util.getParameterValue(args, 'frame') then tagName = 'mapframe' end return mw.text.tag(tagName, make.tagAttribs(args), tagContent) end --[[ Makes the HTML required for the swicther to work, including the templatestyles tag. @param {table} params table sequence of {map, label} tables @param {string} params{}.map Wikitext for mapframe map @param {string} params{}.label Label text for swicther option @param {table} options @param {string} options.alignment "left" or "center" or "right" @param {boolean} options.isThumbnail Display in a thumbnail @param {string} options.width Width of frame, e.g. "200" @param {string} [options.caption] Caption wikitext for thumnail @retruns {string} swicther HTML ]]-- function make.switcherHtml(params, options) options = options or {} local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local styles = frame:extensionTag{ name = "templatestyles", args = {src = "Template:Maplink/styles-multi.css"} } local container = mw.html.create("div") :addClass("switcher-container") :addClass("mapframe-multi-container") if options.alignment == "left" or options.alignment == "right" then container:addClass("float"..options.alignment) else -- alignment is "center" container:addClass("center") end for i = 1, #params do container :tag("div") :wikitext(params[i].map) :tag("span") :addClass("switcher-label") :css("display", "none") :wikitext(mw.text.trim(params[i].label)) end if not options.isThumbnail then return styles .. tostring(container) end local classlist = container:getAttr("class") classlist = mw.ustring.gsub(classlist, "%a*"..options.alignment, "") container:attr("class", classlist) local outerCountainer = mw.html.create("div") :addClass("mapframe-multi-outer-container") :addClass("mw-kartographer-container") :addClass("thumb") if options.alignment == "left" or options.alignment == "right" then outerCountainer:addClass("t"..options.alignment) else -- alignment is "center" outerCountainer :addClass("tnone") :addClass("center") end outerCountainer :tag("div") :addClass("thumbinner") :css("width", options.width.."px") :node(container) :node(options.caption and mw.html.create("div") :addClass("thumbcaption") :wikitext(options.caption) ) return styles .. tostring(outerCountainer) end --[[ Makes the HTML required for an overlay map to work tag. @param {string} overlayMap wikitext for the overlay map @param {string} baseMap wikitext for the base map @param {table} options various styling/display options @param {string} options.align "left" or "center" or "right" @param {string|number} options.width Width of the base map, e.g. "300" @param {string|number} options.width Height of the base map, e.g. "200" @param {string} options.border Border style for the overlayed map, e.g. "1px solid white" @param {string} options.horizontalAlignment Horizontal alignment for overlay map, "left" or "right" @param {string|number} options.horizontalOffset Horizontal offset in pixels from the alignment edge, e.g "10" @param {string} options.verticalAlignment Vertical alignment for overlay map, "top" or "bottom" @param {string|number} options.verticalOffset Vertical offset in pixels from the alignment edge, e.g. is "10" @param {boolean} options.isThumbnail Display in a thumbnail @param {string} [options.caption] Caption wikitext for thumnail @retruns {string} HTML for basemap with overlay ]]-- function make.overlayHtml(overlayMap, baseMap, options) options = options or {} local containerFloatClass = "float"..(options.align or "none") if options.align == "center" then containerFloatClass = "center" end local containerStyle = { position = "relative", width = options.width .. "px", height = options.height .. "px", overflow = "hidden" -- mobile/minerva tends to add scrollbars for a couple of pixels } if options.align == "center" then containerStyle["margin-left"] = "auto" containerStyle["margin-right"] = "auto" end local container = mw.html.create("div") :addClass("mapframe-withOverlay-container") :addClass(containerFloatClass) :addClass("noresize") :css(containerStyle) local overlayStyle = { position = "absolute", ["z-index"] = "1", border = options.border or "1px solid white" } if options.horizontalAlignment == "right" then overlayStyle.right = options.horizontalOffset .. "px" else overlayStyle.left = options.horizontalOffset .. "px" end if options.verticalAlignment == "bottom" then overlayStyle.bottom = options.verticalOffset .. "px" else overlayStyle.top = options.verticalOffset .. "px" end local overlayDiv = mw.html.create("div") :css(overlayStyle) :wikitext(overlayMap) container :node(overlayDiv) :wikitext(baseMap) if not options.isThumbnail then return tostring(container) end local classlist = container:getAttr("class") classlist = mw.ustring.gsub(classlist, "%a*"..options.align, "") container:attr("class", classlist) local outerCountainer = mw.html.create("div") :addClass("mapframe-withOverlay-outerContainer") :addClass("mw-kartographer-container") :addClass("thumb") if options.align == "left" or options.align == "right" then outerCountainer:addClass("t"..options.align) else -- alignment is "center" outerCountainer :addClass("tnone") :addClass("center") end outerCountainer :tag("div") :addClass("thumbinner") :css("width", options.width.."px") :node(container) :node(options.caption and mw.html.create("div") :addClass("thumbcaption") :wikitext(options.caption) ) return tostring(outerCountainer) end --[[---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Package to be exported, i.e. methods which will available to templates and other modules. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------]]-- local p = {} -- Entry point for templates function p.main(frame) local parent = frame.getParent(frame) -- Check for overlay option local overlay = util.getParameterValue(parent.args, 'overlay') local hasOverlay = overlay and mw.text.trim(overlay) ~= "" -- Check for switch option local switch = util.getParameterValue(parent.args, 'switch') local isMulti = switch and mw.text.trim(switch) ~= "" -- Create output by choosing method to suit options local output if hasOverlay then output = p.withOverlay(parent.args) elseif isMulti then output = p.multi(parent.args) else output = p._main(parent.args) end -- Preprocess output before returning it return frame:preprocess(output) end -- Entry points for modules function p._main(_args) local args = util.trimArgs(_args) local tagContent = make.content(args) local display = mw.text.split(util.getParameterValue(args, 'display') or L10n.defaults.display, '%s*' .. L10n.str.dsep .. '%s*') local displayInTitle = display[1] == L10n.str.title or display[2] == L10n.str.title local displayInline = display[1] == L10n.str.inline or display[2] == L10n.str.inline local output if displayInTitle and displayInline then output = make.titleOutput(args, tagContent) .. make.inlineOutput(args, tagContent) elseif displayInTitle then output = make.titleOutput(args, tagContent) elseif displayInline then output = make.inlineOutput(args, tagContent) else error(L10n.error.badDisplayPara) end return output end function p.multi(_args) local args = util.trimArgs(_args) if not args[L10n.para.switch] then error(L10n.error.noSwitchPara, 0) end local switchParamValue = util.getParameterValue(args, 'switch') local switchLabels = util.tableFromList(switchParamValue) if #switchLabels == 1 then error(L10n.error.oneSwitchLabel, 0) end local mapframeArgs = {} local switchParams = {} for name, val in pairs(args) do -- Copy to mapframeArgs, if not the switch labels or a switch parameter if val ~= switchParamValue and not string.match(val, "^"..L10n.str.switch..":") then mapframeArgs[name] = val end -- Check if this is a param to switch. If so, store the name and switch -- values in switchParams table. local switchList = string.match(val, "^"..L10n.str.switch..":(.+)") if switchList ~= nil then local values = util.tableFromList(switchList) if #values == 1 then error(string.format(L10n.error.oneSwitchValue, name), 0) end switchParams[name] = values end end if util.tableCount(switchParams) == 0 then error(L10n.error.noSwitchLists, 0) end local switchCount = util.subTablesCount(switchParams) if not switchCount then error(L10n.error.switchMismatches, 0) elseif switchCount > #switchLabels then error(string.format(L10n.error.fewerSwitchLabels, switchCount, #switchLabels), 0) end -- Ensure a plain frame will be used (thumbnail will be built by the -- make.switcherHtml function if required, so that switcher options are -- inside the thumnail) mapframeArgs.plain = "yes" local switcher = {} for i = 1, switchCount do local label = switchLabels[i] for name, values in pairs(switchParams) do mapframeArgs[name] = values[i] end table.insert(switcher, { map = p._main(mapframeArgs), label = "Show "..label }) end return make.switcherHtml(switcher, { alignment = args["frame-align"] or "right", isThumbnail = (args.frame and not args.plain) and true or false, width = args["frame-width"] or L10n.defaults.frameWidth, caption = args.text }) end function p.withOverlay(_args) -- Get and trim wikitext for overlay map local overlayMap = _args.overlay if type(overlayMap) == 'string' then overlayMap = overlayMap:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end local isThumbnail = (util.getParameterValue(_args, "frame") and not util.getParameterValue(_args, "plain")) and true or false -- Get base map using the _main function, as a plain map local args = util.trimArgs(_args) args.plain = "yes" local basemap = p._main(args) -- Extract overlay options from args local overlayOptions = { width = util.getParameterValue(args, "frameWidth") or L10n.defaults.frameWidth, height = util.getParameterValue(args, "frameHeight") or L10n.defaults.frameHeight, align = util.getParameterValue(args, "frameAlign") or L10n.defaults.frameAlign, border = util.getParameterValue(args, "overlayBorder") or L10n.defaults.overlayBorder, horizontalAlignment = util.getParameterValue(args, "overlayHorizontalAlignment") or L10n.defaults.overlayHorizontalAlignment, horizontalOffset = util.getParameterValue(args, "overlayHorizontalOffset") or L10n.defaults.overlayHorizontalOffset, verticalAlignment = util.getParameterValue(args, "overlayVerticalAlignment") or L10n.defaults.overlayVerticalAlignment, verticalOffset = util.getParameterValue(args, "overlayVerticalOffset") or L10n.defaults.overlayVerticalOffset, isThumbnail = isThumbnail, caption = util.getParameterValue(args, "text") or L10n.defaults.text } -- Make the HTML for the overlaying maps return make.overlayHtml(overlayMap, basemap, overlayOptions) end return p 8a60p59sv2q5rzbtqe84fezv5t90zdk 10 5538 22192 2021-01-30T19:01:42Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:Mapframe|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Maplink|frame=yes|zoom=9|frame-lat=35.90|frame-long=-106.56|text=Mapframe|from=ecos.fws.g...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Mapframe|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Maplink|frame=yes|zoom=9|frame-lat=35.90|frame-long=-106.56|text=Mapframe|from=ecos.fws.gov/Endangered habitat 58938/Plethodon neomexicanus.map}} {{Maplink|display=inline,title|text=Maplink|from=ecos.fws.gov/Endangered habitat 58938/Plethodon neomexicanus.map}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> od34zqgaqqtudhriiswwpsnl32uhgv7 100 5540 24773 24772 2024-05-10T18:28:33Z KonstantinaG07 5522 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/198.140.242.241|198.140.242.241]] ([[User talk:198.140.242.241|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Bala009|Bala009]] wikitext text/x-wiki <big> ኣቶም ባእታታት </big> <big>ኣቶማት፡ ነቲ ኣብ ዙርያና ዝርከብ ኩሉ ነገር ዚሃንጹ፡ ዝነኣሱ ክፋላት ናይ ሓደ ነገር እዮም። ዘሎ ዘበለ ኩሉ ካብ ኣቶም ንኣሽቱ ባእታታት ዝቆመ እዩ። እዚ ክንብል እንከለና ፈሰስቲ፡ ጋዛት፡ ድሩቃት ነገራት ኩሎም ካብ ኣቶም ዝቆሙ እዮም። በዚ መሰረት ነፍሲ-ወከፍ ኣቶም ክፋል ሓደ ከሚካላዊ ባእታ እዩ። ኣቶም፡ ብብዙሓት ፓርቲክል ኢልና ንጽውዖም ኣዝዮም ደቀቕቲ ብዝኾኑ ቁርጽራጻት ዝተሃንጸ እዩ። ናይ ዓለም ምሁራትን ፍላስፋታትን ''Scientist''፡ ኣቶም ክምቀል ዘይክእል ዝነኣሰ ናይ ህይወት ኣሃዱ እዩ፡ ኢሎም ይኣምኑ ምንባሮም ይፍለጥ። ይኹን እምበር ድሕሪ ነዊሕ መርመራታትን ምዕባለ፡ ናይ ሰነ-ፍልጠትን ምስተረጋገጸ ግና፡ ኣቶም ይምቀል እዩ ኣብ ዝብል መደምደምታ እዮም በጺሖም፡፡ ብስነ-ፍልጠታዊ መንገዲ ከኣ ንኣቶም ዘቁምዎ ክፋላት ኣለዉ። ሓደ ኣቶም ኣብ ክልተ ይኽፈል፡ ንሱ ድማ ድርዒ-ኣቶምን፡ እዚ ማለት ላዕለዋይ ክፋል ናይ ኣቶም ''eng. atomic shell'' ሕመረት ኣቶምን እዚ ከኣ ማእከላይ ክፋል ኣቶም፡ ''eng. atomic nucleus'' እዩ። ሕመረት ኣቶም ካብ ድርዒ-ኣቶም ኣዝዩ ይንእስ፡ ዝዓበየ ርዝነት ኣቶም ግን ኣብ ሕመረት ኣቶም እዩ ዝርከብ። ሓደ ኣቶም ካብ (1)ኤለክትሮን ''Electron'' (2) ፕሮቶን ከምኡውን ''Proton'' (3)ኒውትሮን ''Neutral'' ዝቆመ እዩ። ፕሮቶን ከምኡውን ኒውትሮን ናይ ሓባር መጸውዒ ስሞም ሕመረት ወይ (Eng.nucleus) እዩ። ኤሌክትሪካዊ ምልኣት ክፋላት ኣቶም ነዚ ዝስዕብ ይመስል</big> <big>ንኣብነት፦ ብኣወንታዊ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ምልኣት ማለት ''Positive Electron Charge'' ዝተመልኡ ፕሮቶን ''Proton''፡ ብኣሉታዊ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ቻርጅ ''Negative Electron Charge'' ዝተመልኡ ንጣር ''Particle'' ድማ ኤሌክትሮን ይብሃሉ። ንዩትሮን ''Neutron'' ድማ ዝኾነ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ቻርጅ ዘይብሎም ንጣር ''Particle'' እዩ። ንዩክለስ ከኣ (ሕምብርቲ ኣቶም) እቲ ኣብ ማእከል ናይ ሓደ ኣቶም ዝርከብ ቦታ እዩ። ብካልእ ኣገላልጻ ኣቶም ብፕሩቶንን ብኒውትሮንን ዝተሃንጸ እዩ። እቶም ኤሌክትሮናት ከኣ ኣብ ዙርያ እዚ ኒውክለስ ይዞሩ።</big> {| class="wikitable |+ Caption text |- ! ንኣቶም ዘቕሙ ክፋላት !! ኤለትሪካዊ ምልእት |- | ኤለክትሮን || ኣሉታዊ ምልእት Negative charged |- | ፕሮቶን || ኣወንታዊ ምልእት Positive charged |- | ኒውትሮን || ኣጓጉል Zero charged) |} <big>ብኣወንታዊ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ምልኣት ማለት ''Positive Electron Charge'' ዝተመልኡ ፕሮቶን ''Proton''፡ ብኣሉታዊ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ቻርጅ ''Negative Electron Charge'' ዝተመልኡ ንጣር ''Particle'' ድማ ኤሌክትሮን ይብሃሉ። ንዩትሮን ''Neutron'' ድማ ዝኾነ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ቻርጅ ዘይብሎም ንጣር ''Particle'' እዩ። ንዩክለስ ከኣ (ሕምብርቲ ኣቶም) እቲ ኣብ ማእከል ናይ ሓደ ኣቶም ዝርከብ ቦታ እዩ። ብካልእ ኣገላልጻ ኣቶም ብፕሩቶንን ብኒውትሮንን ዝተሃንጸ እዩ። እቶም ኤሌክትሮናት ከኣ ኣብ ዙርያ እዚ ኒውክለስ ይዞሩ። </big> <big>እቶም ሎሚ ኣብ ዓለምና ዘለዉ ኣስታት 118 ባእታት፡ 90 ካብኣቶም ብተፈጥሮ ኣብ ዓለም ይርከቡ፡ እቶም ዝተረፉ ድማ ሰብ ዘቆሞም ወይ ድማ ዝሰረሖም እዮም። ኣቶም ኣዝዮም ንኣሽቱ ስለዝኾኑ፡ ብዓይንንና ክንርእዮም ኣይንክእልን ኢና፡። ስለዚ ኣቶም እንታይ ከምዝመስሉ ዘረድእ ሞዴል ኢና ንጥቀም። ሓደ ሞዴል ነቲ ክዉን ዝኾነ ነገር ብቅልል ዝበለ መገዲ ዘረድእ መግለጺ እዩ። ንኣቶማት ክንገልጽ ከለና መብዛሕትኡ ጊዜ ንጥቀመሉ ሞዴል ነቲ ሼል ሞዴል ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ሞዴል እዩ። ኣብ ሼል ሞዴል፡ ኤሌክትሮናት፡ ካብ ኒውክለስ ዝተፈላለየ ርሕቀት ኣብ ዘለዎም ዓንኬላት (ሼል) እዮም ዝዞሩ። እቲ ናይ መጀመርያ ሼል (ናብ ኒውክለስ ዝቐረበ ዓንኬል)፡ ክሳብ ክልተ ኤሌክትሮን ክሕዝ ይኽእል። እቲ ዝቅጽል ሼል ክሳብ ሸሞንተ ኤሌክትሮን ክሕዝ ይኽእል። ሓደ ናይ ኦክስጂን ኣቶም፡ ሸሞንተ ኤሌክትሮናት ኣለዎ። ስለዚ ክልተ ኤሌክትሮን ኣብቲ ናይ መጀመርያ (ብውሽጢ ዘሎ) ሼል፣ ሽዱሽተ ኤሌክትሮን ድማ ኣብቲ ቀጺሉ ዘሎ ሼል ይኾኑ ማለት እዩ። ሃይድሮጂንን ሂልየምን ክልተ ዝንኣሱን ፈኮስትን ኣቶም እዮም። ሃይድሮጂን ሓደ ፕሩቶንን ሓደ ኒውትሮንን ጥራይ ኣብ ኒውክለስን፣ ሓደ ኣብ ዙርያ ኒውክለስ ዝዘውር ኤሌክትሮንን ኣለዎ። እቲ ኣብኡ ዘሎ ኤሌክትሮንን ፕሮቶንን ዘይጸላሎ ''Neutral'' ይኸውን። እዚ ድማ ነቲ ኣቶም ዝኾነ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ቻርጅ ''Electron Charge'' ከምዘይህልዎ ይገብር። ብኸምዚ ድማ እቲ ኣቶም ዝሁም ''Neutral'' እዩ። ኣቶም ሂልየም ''Helium''፡ ክልተ ፕሮቶንን፣ ክልተ ኒውትሮንን ክልተ ኤሌክትሮንን ኣለዎ። ካብ ኣቶም ሃይድሮጂን ''Hydrogen'' ድማ ዕብይ ዝበለ እዩ። ሓደ: ብሓደ ዓይነት ተመሳሰልቲ ኣቶም ዝቆመ ነገር፡ ባእታ ወይ ኤለመንት ''Element'' ይበሃል። እቲ ነገር ኣየናይ ባእታ ከምዝኾነ ዝውስኖ፡ እቲ ኣብቲ ኣቶም ዘሎ ኒውክለስ ዚሕዞ ብዝሒ ኣቶም ፕሮቶን እዩ። <big> Molecule ብሓደ ወይ ድማ ካብ ሓደ ንላዕሊ ዝቑጽሮም ኣቶማት ዝቖመ ዝደቐቐ ኣሃዱ ናይ ሓደ ግዛዕ ወይ ሞለክዩል እዩ። </big> ኣብ ተፈጥሮ 92 ባእታታት ወይ ኤለመንት ይርከብ። ኩላቶም ባእታታት ነናቶም መለለዪ ምልክት ኣለዎም። መለለዪ ምልክት ናይ ባእታታት ሓደ ወይ ክልተ ፊደላት እዮም። ኦክሲጂን (O)፣ ሃይድሮጂን (H)፣ ወርቂ ወይ ''Gold'' (Au) ፣ ብሩር ወይ ''Silver'' (Ag) ገለ ኣብነታት ናይ ባእታታት ወይ ''Element'' እዮም። እቶም ዝበዝሑ ኣቶማት፡ ብሓባር ክኾኑ ይደልዩ እዮም። እዚ ድማ ኣቶማት ነቲ ግዳማዊ ሼል ብኤሌክትሮን ምምላእ ስለዝደልዩ እዩ። ኣቶማት ንኤሌክትሮናት ብምክፋል፡ ነቲ ግዳማዊ ሼል ክመልኡ ይኽእሉ። ንኤሌክትሮን ብምክፋል ብሓባር ዝተላገቡ ኣቶማት፡ ሞለኪዩል ተባሂሎም ይጽውዑ። ክልተ ናይ ሃይድሮጂን ''Hydrogen'' ኣቶማት፣ ኤሌክትሮን ክካፈሉ ይኽእሉ እዮም። ምስተላገቡ፡ ነፍስ ወከፍ ኣቶም ኣብቲ ግዳማዊ ሼል ክልተ ኤሌክትሮን ይህልዎ። ሕጂ እዚ ሼል እዚ ሙሉእ ኮይኑ ኣሎ ማለት እዩ። እቶም ክልተ ናይ ሃይድሮጂን ''Hydrogen'' ኣቶማት (H) ድማ፡ ሓደ ናይ ሃይድሮጂን ''Hydrogen'' ሞለኪዩል (H2) ይኾኑ። ክልተ ናይ ሃይድሮጂን ''Hydrogen'' ኣቶማት (H) ምስ ሓደ ናይ ኦክስጂን ኣቶም (O) ምስ ተላገቡ፡ ሓደ ናይ ማይ ሞለኪዩል ''Molecule'' (H2O) ''Water '' ይፈጥሩ። በዚ መሰረት ማይ እውን ሓደ ካብ ሞለኪዩል እዩ። [https://rebahinfilm.org/ Rebahin Film] </big> <ref>https://www.just-explained-in-tigrigna.com/%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%89%A5-%E1%8A%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A5%E1%89%A1/%E1%8A%A3%E1%89%B6%E1%88%9D-%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%AD-%E1%8A%A5%E1%8B%A9-%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%A5-%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%AD-%E1%8B%9D%E1%89%86%E1%88%98-%E1%8A%A5%E1%8B%A9%E1%8A%B8-%E1%8D%8D%E1%8B%9A%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5</ref> iz7p64fq0i6w1dsbsx1sf19bj33rnfz 10 5542 22217 2021-02-02T21:19:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን | flag alias = Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg | flag alias-19...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን | flag alias = Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg | flag alias-1958 = Flag of Trinidad and Tobago (1958–1962).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1958 | redir1 = TTO | redir2 = TRI </noinclude> }} nw69exvuheq3dadtuku3qtg5m8fm3bt 10 5543 22218 2021-02-02T21:20:55Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] sogmakspbuj8jh9cbvf66ngwp8brqb3 10 5544 22219 2021-02-02T21:21:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] sogmakspbuj8jh9cbvf66ngwp8brqb3 10 5545 22220 2021-02-02T21:22:33Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ፈረንሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ፈረንሳ]] lg58i3y8toccgmusq8yavx1gn1w3ueh 828 5548 24398 24314 2023-06-29T14:23:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local separatedByComma = require('Module:Text format').separatedByComma local tablesModule = require('Module:Tables') local tableElement = tablesModule.element local wikidataModuleFormats = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats') local toLink = wikidataModuleFormats.toLink local getData = wikidataModuleFormats.getData local Date = require('Module:Date')._Date function p.placeFormat(value, options, frame, qualifyings) -- Function that returns something of the form Place, administrative territorial entity, country function getOccurrenceToDate(board, Date) if not board or not Date then return end local startDate, endDate Date = Date(Date) --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(board) end -- for k,v in pairs(board) do startDate = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P580',1,'datavalue','value','time') endDate = tableElement(v,'qualifiers','P582',1,'datavalue','value','time') startDate = Date(startDate) endDate = Date(endDate) if startDate and endDate then if Date >= startDate and Date <= endDate then return k end elseif startDate then if Date >= startDate then return k end elseif endDate then if Date <= endDate then return k end end end end function getOccurrencePreferentialRank(board) if not board then return end for k,v in pairs(board) do if v.rank == 'preferred' then return k end end end local placeId, placeLink, placeTag, linkedPlace local linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity local countryId, countryLink, countryTag, linkedCountry local Date -- Validate that the place id is informed. if not value or not value['numeric-id'] then return end if options then Date = options.Date end -- Obtain first the administrative territorial entity and the country of the qualifyings if possible -- The place is not obtained first, which would be the most logical, because it will be obtained in a different way -- depending on whether or not the qualifyings are informed. if qualifyings then linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity = toLink(getData(tableElement(qualifyings,'P131',1,'datavalue','value'))) countryLink, countryTag, countryId = getData(tableElement(qualifyings,'P17',1,'datavalue','value')) linkedCountry = toLink(countryLink, countryTag, countryId) end if linkedCountry then placeLink, placeTag, placeId = getData(value) linkedPlace = toLink(placeLink, placeTag, placeId) else -- If the place does not have the country qualifier, obtain it from the country property of the -- Wikidata entity of the place. -- At the moment the administrative entity is not obtained (it has atrocities...) local entity placeId = 'Q' .. value['numeric-id'] entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(placeId) if not entity then return end placeLink = tableElement(entity,'sitelinks','tiwiki','title') placeTag = tableElement(entity,'labels','ti','value') linkedPlace = toLink(placeLink, placeTag, placeId, options) -- -- Get the country of the place. -- local countriesPlace = tableElement(entity,'claims','P17') if countriesPlace then -- First the country is tried on the date of the options, then -- the country with the maximum rank (the current one) and then the first country. local countryOccurrence = getOccurrenceToDate(countriesPlace, Date) or getOccurrencePreferentialRank(countriesPlace) or 1 countryLink, countryTag, countryId = getData(tableElement(countriesPlace,countryOccurrence,'mainsnak','datavalue','value')) linkedCountry = toLink(countryLink, countryTag, countryId) end end if placeId == countryId then -- If the place is a country, for example, the United States, in Wikidata it has the country property reported with the United States. return linkedPlace elseif linkedPlace and linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity and linkedCountry then return linkedPlace .. ' (' .. linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity .. '፣ ' .. linkedCountry .. ')' elseif linkedPlace and linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity then return linkedPlace .. ' (' .. linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity .. ')' elseif linkedPlace and linkedCountry then return linkedPlace .. ' (' .. linkedCountry .. ')' elseif linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity and linkedCountry then return linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity .. ' (' .. linkedCountry .. ')' else return linkedPlace or linkedAdministrativeTerritorialEntity or linkedCountry end end --***************************************************************************** -- Format aliases to use in template property --***************************************************************************** p['place'] = p['placeFormat'] return p o8x2t5zfgff1e0rivi32rud87hwp1jf 10 5549 22315 2021-02-10T02:43:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<!-- --><span class="url"><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#titleparts:{{lc:x{{{1|}}}}}|1|1}}|{{lc:x{{{1|}}}}}|<!-- work-around when tit...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<!-- --><span class="url"><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#titleparts:{{lc:x{{{1|}}}}}|1|1}}|{{lc:x{{{1|}}}}}|<!-- work-around when titleparts doesn't accept the URL and returns the full string without a capital: don't attempt to transform the displayed URL -->[{{#if:1|{{{1|}}}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:1|{{{2|}}}}}|{{#if:1|{{{1|}}}}}}}]<!-- These "#if:1" pseudo-tests (always true) allow trimming leading spaces in their text parameter -->|<!-- -->{{#switch:{{lc:{{#titleparts:{{{1|}}}|2}}}} |https:/ |http:/ |ftp:/=<!-- Matches https:/ or http:/ or ftp:/ -->[{{#if:1|{{{1|}}}}} <!-- This #if:1 allows trimming leading spaces in the full URL: {{{1|}}} -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:1|{{{2|}}}}}| <!-- This #if:1 allows trimming leading spaces in the specified display text : {{{2|}}} -->{{lc:<!-- domain name in lowercase -->{{#titleparts:{{{1|}}}|1|3}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{{1|}}}||4}}<!-- rest of the path -->|/{{#titleparts:{{{1|}}}||4}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->]<!-- -->|#default=<!-- Not https:/ or http:/ or ftp:/ -->[http://{{#if:1|{{{1|}}}}} <!-- This #if:1 allows trimming leading spaces in the full URL: {{{1|}}} -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:1|{{{2|}}}}}| <!-- This #if:1 allows trimming leading spaces in the specified display text : {{{2|}}} -->{{lc:<!-- domain name in lowercase -->{{#titleparts:{{{1|}}}|1|1}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{{1|}}}||2}}<!-- rest of the path -->|/{{#titleparts:{{{1|}}}||2}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></span><!-- -->|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2|}}}|<!-- --><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[ሞደል:URL|URL]]&#124;''example.com''&#124;''ኣማራጽያዊ ጽሑፍ''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code><!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> cvj21a2yo1llq6x19ltyqd0us9bxdis 0 5550 23621 22320 2022-05-15T21:00:13Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]] 75309gawd189dj3ks95hktcu49klqul 0 5551 23622 22321 2022-05-15T21:00:18Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]] 75309gawd189dj3ks95hktcu49klqul 0 5552 22322 2021-02-10T23:14:07Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ጉግል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጉግል]] jq4luoewfw5bgnum6bqwwgv8o1bzd4a 0 5553 22324 2021-02-10T23:26:51Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ጆ ባይደን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጆ ባይደን]] l4t9scr95zkjm0hknfwjbolcw18scee 0 5554 22325 2021-02-10T23:30:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ጆ ባይደን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጆ ባይደን]] l4t9scr95zkjm0hknfwjbolcw18scee 10 5557 22337 2021-02-17T23:57:55Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|ጽሑ...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|ጽሑፍ}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|ጽሑፍ}} |- !colspan="2"|ወረዳ |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|A}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|A}} |- !colspan="2"|ክፍለ ሃገራት |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|B}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|B}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|C}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|C}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|D}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|D}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|E}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|E}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|F}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|F}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|G}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|G}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|H}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|H}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|I}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|I}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|J}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|J}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|K}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|K}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|L}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|L}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|M}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|M}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|N}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|N}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|O}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|O}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|P}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|P}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|R}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|R}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|S}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|S}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|T}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|T}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|U}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|U}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|V}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|V}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|X}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|X}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|Y}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|Y}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|Z}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|Z}} |- !colspan="2"|ካልኦት |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|W}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|W}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{VEN|BR}}</nowiki></code> || {{VEN|BR}} |- |} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </includeonly> 89jn9qjo76ji0gskkf5pywi6r5uit2m 10 5558 22338 2021-02-18T01:21:08Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | shortname alias = ከተማ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | flag alias...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | shortname alias = ከተማ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | flag alias = Bandera de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ከተማ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | related1 = ኣውራጃ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> r79561afatidrzsvooatt2vq8mes4ln 10 5559 22339 2021-02-18T01:22:54Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ብወኖስ ኣይረስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ብወኖስ ኣይረስ]] 8ntve518mk73ip94kqiou5cyurudtww 10 5560 22340 2021-02-18T01:26:24Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{Flagcountry|{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ርእሰ ከተማ--> |C|ከ.ብ.ኣ = ከተማ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ <!--ኣውራጃታት--> |A|ሳልታ...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Flagcountry|{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ርእሰ ከተማ--> |C|ከ.ብ.ኣ = ከተማ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ <!--ኣውራጃታት--> |A|ሳልታ = ኣውራጃ ሳልታ |B|ብወኖስ ኣይረስ = ኣውራጃ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ |D|ሳን ልዊስ = ኣውራጃ ሳን ልዊስ |E|ኤንትረ ርዮስ = ኣውራጃ ኤንትረ ርዮስ |F|ላ ርዮሃ = ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ (ኣርጀንቲና) |G|ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ = ኣውራጃ ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ |H|ቻኮ = ኣውራጃ ቻኮ |J|ሳን ህዋን = ኣውራጃ ሳን ህዋን (ኣርጀንቲና) |K|ካታማርካ = ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ |L|ላ ፓምፓ = ኣውራጃ ላ ፓምፓ |M|መንዶዛ = ኣውራጃ መንዶዛ |N|ሚስዮነስ = ኣውራጃ ሚስዮነስ |P|ፎርሞሳ = ኣውራጃ ፎርሞሳ |Q|ነውቀን = ኣውራጃ ነውቀን |R|ርዮ ነግሮ = ኣውራጃ ርዮ ነግሮ |S|ሳንታ ፈ = ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ፈ |T|ቱኩማን = ኣውራጃ ቱኩማን |U|ቹቡት = ኣውራጃ ቹቡት |V|ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ = ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ፣ ኣንታርቲዳን ኢስላስ ደል ኣትላንቲኮ ሱርን |W|ኮርየንተስ = ኣውራጃ ኮርየንተስ |X|ኮርዶባ = ኣውራጃ ኮርዶባ (ኣርጀንቲና) |Y|ሁሁይ = ኣውራጃ ሁሁይ |Z|ሳንታ ክሩዝ = ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ክሩዝ <!--ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢታት--> |ር.ከ.ከ.ብ.ኣ|ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ = ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ |#default = ኣርጀንቲና }} |name = {{#switch: {{{1|}}} |C|ከ.ብ.ኣ|A|ሳልታ|B|ብወኖስ ኣይረስ|D|ሳን ልዊስ|E|ኤንትረ ርዮስ|F|ላ ርዮሃ|G|ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ|H|ቻኮ|J|ሳን ህዋን|K|ካታማርካ|L|ላ ፓምፓ|M|መንዶዛ|N|ሚስዮነስ|P|ፎርሞሳ|Q|ነውቀን|R|ርዮ ነግሮ|S|ሳንታ ፈ|T|ቱኩማን|U|ቹቡት|V|ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ|W|ኮርየንተስ|X|ኮርዶባ|Y|ሁሁይ|Z|ሳንታ ክሩዝ|ር.ከ.ከ.ብ.ኣ|ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ = |#default = {{{1|}}} }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ielqsejyraaef1qqzvrw8nui8d8w3kq 10 5561 22341 2021-02-18T01:48:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳልታ | shortname alias = ሳልታ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳልታ | shortname alias = ሳልታ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Salta.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሳልታ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SAL </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> ex601oyp4ve1i6bnxu46buvfg6f0c8x 10 5562 22342 2021-02-18T01:49:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳልታ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳልታ]] 2qbyo26x9xcf5mq6fnoj862d76cyh7o 10 5563 22343 2021-02-18T01:50:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳልታ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳልታ]] 2qbyo26x9xcf5mq6fnoj862d76cyh7o 10 5564 22344 2021-02-18T01:50:48Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳልታ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳልታ]] 2qbyo26x9xcf5mq6fnoj862d76cyh7o 10 5565 22345 2021-02-18T12:34:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | shortname alias = ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | flag al...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | shortname alias = ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | related1 = ብወኖስ ኣይረስ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> rhl9sqegir5mn1a0shanlvk11jak9ce 10 5567 22347 2021-02-18T12:55:15Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<span class="shieldicon">ፋይል:{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|{{{coat of arms icon-{{{variant}}}}}}|{{{coat of arms alias}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|20x...» wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="shieldicon">[[ፋይል:{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|{{{coat of arms icon-{{{variant}}}}}}|{{{coat of arms alias}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|20x20px}}|link=|{{{alt coat of arms|ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ {{{alias}}}}}}]]</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 5ffvyitxsxiscxmhnlji6suhd654nw6 10 5568 22348 2021-02-18T12:56:32Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{Country data {{{1|}}} | coat of arms icon | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1|}}} | coat of arms icon | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> i8kockvwyjpzyqi4r3ecjpcbpqgc7kp 10 5569 22371 22349 2021-02-19T20:43:12Z Joanmp14 5782 corrections wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="shieldicon">[[ፋይል:{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|{{{coat of arms alias-{{{variant}}}}}}|{{{coat of arms alias|Shield of None.png}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|20x20px}}|link=|{{{alt coat of arms|ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ {{{alias}}}}}}]]&nbsp;</span>[[{{{alias|?}}}|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{shortname alias|{{{alias|?}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> lz388v2505aqia5o3go3grphqotngjt 10 5570 22350 2021-02-18T13:04:43Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{Country data {{{1|}}} | coat of arms icon-country | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentati...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1|}}} | coat of arms icon-country | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 7voay9xg99sybd00y8qc9qgodql37in 10 5571 22354 22352 2021-02-18T14:15:07Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳን ልዊስ | shortname alias = ሳን ልዊስ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de San Luis.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሳን ልዊስ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de San Luis.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ሳን ልዊስ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ሳን ልዊስ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> omi1cwkdbx1hlkci0xiq3lhj790jh8y 10 5572 22353 2021-02-18T14:08:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳን ልዊስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳን ልዊስ]] pmifyhp7407e8oablqjyaxizp1vwezl 10 5573 22355 2021-02-18T14:30:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ኤንትረ ርዮስ | shortname alias = ኤንትረ ርዮስ | flag alias =...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ኤንትረ ርዮስ | shortname alias = ኤንትረ ርዮስ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Entre Ríos.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ኤንትረ ርዮስ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Entre Ríos.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ኤንትረ ርዮስ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ኤንትረ ርዮስ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> e6xfk63zy69jv1dpxp8fr5ptfj8yzcz 10 5574 22356 2021-02-18T14:32:55Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ኤንትረ ርዮስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ኤንትረ ርዮስ]] mp7xn9mcu5wlk5ovdtp6n1jfh48ogjo 10 5575 23483 22367 2022-03-11T04:39:36Z Hurfer 7527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ (ኣርጀንቲና) | shortname alias = ላ ርዮሃ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de La Rioja.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ | coat of arms alias = Coat of arms of the La Rioja Province.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ላ ርዮሃ (ኣርጀንቲና) </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> e1uug7rxn4bbjsf52kxbrgmaj89c528 10 5576 22368 2021-02-19T20:22:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ]] oa2pon7o6akyelloar5icg920iatu67 10 5577 22369 2021-02-19T20:24:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ላ ርዮሃ]] oa2pon7o6akyelloar5icg920iatu67 10 5578 22370 2021-02-19T20:38:52Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly> {{#switch: {{{1}}} |{{{1}}} = [[File:Coat of arms of {{{1}}}.svg|{{{መጠን|35px}}}]] {{#switch: {{{ካልእ1}}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#switch: {{{1}}} |{{{1}}} = [[File:Coat of arms of {{{1}}}.svg|{{{መጠን|35px}}}]] {{#switch: {{{ካልእ1}}} |{{{ካልእ1}}} = [[File:Escudo de {{{ካልእ1}}}.png|{{{መጠን|35px}}}]] }} </includeonly> bf6ek1j92n86iz3dn30yv2zqqg28s83 10 5579 22750 22372 2021-05-18T18:47:15Z Hurfer 7527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ | shortname alias = ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Santiago del Estero.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Santiago del Estero.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> oi38knvxwnjigdbqgitdhatqozsnuzg 10 5580 22373 2021-02-19T21:02:40Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ቻኮ | shortname alias = ቻኮ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia del Chac...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ቻኮ | shortname alias = ቻኮ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia del Chaco.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ቻኮ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia del Chaco.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ቻኮ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ቻኮ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> dk1qcrbfug1tyokaixrnhg3gewy46bz 10 5581 22374 2021-02-19T21:03:08Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ቻኮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ቻኮ]] 7knn4d69zkqzcxaelonz2ap74wr4d8e 10 5582 23478 22375 2022-02-28T17:11:24Z Hurfer 7527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳን ህዋን | shortname alias = ሳን ህዋን | flag alias = Flag of the San Juan Province.svg | flag alias-1997 = Bandera de la Provincia de San Juan.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሳን ህዋን | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de San Juan.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ሳን ህዋን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ኣውራጃ ሳን ህዋን | var1= 1997 </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> ic7llzbq4m8t86bab9q9gzb23p9ecuj 10 5583 22376 2021-02-19T21:37:43Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳን ህዋን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳን ህዋን]] 1u44ql8vj7dq4ho5pfc7rzum52kidju 10 5584 22377 2021-02-19T21:47:02Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ | shortname alias = ካታማርካ | flag alias = Bandera de la...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ | shortname alias = ካታማርካ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Catamarca.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Catamarca.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ <noinclude> | redir1 = ካታማርካ </noinclude>}}<noinclude> 13m8vqwx0wlhi89ucoai08pzdz4bsmr 10 5585 22378 2021-02-19T21:47:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ካታማርካ]] ks2wk2n0gksf5fzlch2fsnha07yyfx7 10 5586 24546 22379 2023-10-16T22:09:13Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Escudo_de_La_Pampa.svg with [[File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_La_Pampa.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ላ ፓምፓ | shortname alias = ላ ፓምፓ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de La Pampa.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ላ ፓምፓ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de La Pampa.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ላ ፓምፓ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ላ ፓምፓ </noinclude> }}<noinclude></noinclude> bm0sbncn0fk16z3yq0qsp9xs878mlzr 10 5587 22380 2021-02-19T21:55:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ላ ፓምፓ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ላ ፓምፓ]] cpe24e9ora214ivxjx4ypnxqvnox4iz 10 5588 22381 2021-02-19T21:57:48Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ መንዶዛ | shortname alias = መንዶዛ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provin...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ መንዶዛ | shortname alias = መንዶዛ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Mendoza.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ መንዶዛ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de Mendoza.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ መንዶዛ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = መንዶዛ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> hmkh5mo26438jncmz61aqr6hik161n6 10 5589 22382 2021-02-19T21:58:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ መንዶዛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ መንዶዛ]] oobu4et89k8m3b5hgb1a5xrbqdsw5wp 10 5590 22383 2021-02-19T22:00:32Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሚስዮነስ | shortname alias = ሚስዮነስ | flag alias = Bandera de la...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሚስዮነስ | shortname alias = ሚስዮነስ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Misiones.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሚስዮነስ | coat of arms alias = Escudo Misiones.png | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ሚስዮነስ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ሚስዮነስ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> jlu2ywed532g5i80rfggnyiacy89nqq 10 5591 22384 2021-02-19T22:00:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሚስዮነስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሚስዮነስ]] fue6sjeua8bxqh2yndtlwbfola706kz 10 5592 22385 2021-02-19T22:04:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ፎርሞሳ | shortname alias = ፎርሞሳ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provin...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ፎርሞሳ | shortname alias = ፎርሞሳ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Formosa.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ፎርሞሳ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Formosa.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ፎርሞሳ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ፎርሞሳ </noinclude> }}<noinclude></noinclude> a7optxv83alyitemgtfhq110hpkn2ub 10 5593 22386 2021-02-19T22:04:57Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ፎርሞሳ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ፎርሞሳ]] 2o715d59vkb0xwtix5fbg7l6qzjpi15 10 5594 22387 2021-02-19T22:07:37Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ነውቀን | shortname alias = ነውቀን | flag alias = Bandera de la Provin...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ነውቀን | shortname alias = ነውቀን | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Neuquén.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ነውቀን | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Neuquén.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ነውቀን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ነውቀን </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> i7curejjrym3ug4xz51c3l1s29nl9u3 10 5595 22388 2021-02-19T22:07:51Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ነውቀን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ነውቀን]] 01uyhr3z94vabw5fmcvfy1nrmga3mjd 10 5596 22389 2021-02-19T22:10:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ርዮ ነግሮ | shortname alias = ርዮ ነግሮ | flag alias = Bandera de l...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ርዮ ነግሮ | shortname alias = ርዮ ነግሮ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia del Río Negro.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ርዮ ነግሮ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia del Río Negro.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ርዮ ነግሮ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ርዮ ነግሮ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> o9ijlfke90rgat4gveusmsda4sd6l90 10 5597 22390 2021-02-19T22:10:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ርዮ ነግሮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ርዮ ነግሮ]] qvvsy9vlm4cj98fp78cocdf0ningwlh 10 5598 24547 22391 2023-10-16T22:13:26Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Escudo_de_Santa_Fe.svg with [[File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Santa_Fe.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ፈ | shortname alias = ሳንታ ፈ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Santa Fe.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ፈ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Santa Fe.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ፈ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ሳንታ ፈ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> j7lf6bfakegft31oidz3dsxfwr9m9jz 10 5599 22392 2021-02-19T22:12:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ፈ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ፈ]] pp99pbgas0z8a8b3lf4jnty2m18an0y 10 5600 22393 2021-02-19T22:17:44Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ቱኩማን | shortname alias = ቱኩማን | flag alias = Bandera de la Provin...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ቱኩማን | shortname alias = ቱኩማን | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Tucumán.svg | flag alias-1995 = Bandera tucuman.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ቱኩማን | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Tucumán.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ቱኩማን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variante = {{{variante|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1995 | redir1 = ቱኩማን </noinclude> }} l9kvqrh7vvi80t7ozyqw7tuthxsprdm 10 5601 22394 2021-02-19T22:17:59Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ቱኩማን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ቱኩማን]] 4358io1cud7diomwcous02rdu5g09mi 10 5602 24548 22395 2023-10-16T22:25:15Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Escudo_de_Chubut.svg with [[File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Chubut.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ቹቡት | shortname alias = ቹቡት | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia del Chubut.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ቹቡት | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Chubut.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ቹቡት | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | templatename = ኣውራጃ ቹቡት | redir1 = ቹቡት </noinclude> }}<noinclude></noinclude> lwa03n57xjj3dlchxl8o2llylde9e4s 10 5603 22396 2021-02-19T22:21:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ቹቡት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ቹቡት]] o8629dfu09g6it3g5h38d9sjkg24txb 10 5604 22397 2021-02-19T22:25:49Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ፣ ኣንታርቲዳን ኢስላስ ደል ኣትላ...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ፣ ኣንታርቲዳን ኢስላስ ደል ኣትላንቲኮ ሱርን | shortname alias = ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> huphcfjtf7efjoaj2fjso1122se18xk 10 5605 22398 2021-02-19T22:26:03Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ]] cqo2y7c44ycoo5w3n6jeavk6gagklu9 10 5606 22399 2021-02-19T22:26:57Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ]] cqo2y7c44ycoo5w3n6jeavk6gagklu9 10 5607 23726 22400 2022-07-20T04:35:56Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Corrientes.svg with [[File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Corrientes_(variante_1).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ኮርየንተስ | shortname alias = ኮርየንተስ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Corrientes.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ኮርየንተስ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Corrientes (variante 1).svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ኮርየንተስ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ኮርየንተስ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> hl9jq5g6xc88hixqkmkrz4udwtr1kpt 10 5608 22401 2021-02-19T22:28:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ኮርየንተስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ኮርየንተስ]] qxvgra2g9djwtwhgyqhi0l072icll6l 10 5609 22402 2021-02-19T22:32:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ኮርዶባ (ኣርጀንቲና) | shortname alias = ኮርዶባ | flag alias =...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ኮርዶባ (ኣርጀንቲና) | shortname alias = ኮርዶባ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Córdoba.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ኮርዶባ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Córdoba.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ኮርዶባ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ኮርዶባ (ኣርጀንቲና) </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> 151sisdyzbnb9df46k95av65iezonsk 10 5610 22403 2021-02-19T22:32:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ኮርዶባ (ኣርጀንቲና)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ኮርዶባ (ኣርጀንቲና)]] 2ba0n366ka9y5wi4mq6klcfoynwbrfw 10 5611 22404 2021-02-19T22:37:37Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሁሁይ | shortname alias = ሁሁይ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሁሁይ | shortname alias = ሁሁይ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Jujuy.svg | flag alias-1701 = Bandera de España 1701-1760.svg | flag alias-1748 = Bandera de España 1748-1785.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሁሁይ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Jujuy.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ሁሁይ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = JUY </noinclude> | var1 = 1701 | var2 = 1748 | var3 = | var4 = | var5 = }}<noinclude > <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> 929vskj2f5sqeupjgpp7cu1liwq74os 10 5612 22405 2021-02-19T22:37:50Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሁሁይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሁሁይ]] fddx4yha9nmff9xg7e7crt24knbnsf6 10 5613 22406 2021-02-19T22:39:46Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ክሩዝ | shortname alias = ሳንታ ክሩዝ | flag alias = Bander...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ክሩዝ | shortname alias = ሳንታ ክሩዝ | flag alias = Bandera de la Provincia de Santa Cruz.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ክሩዝ | coat of arms alias = Escudo de la Provincia de Santa Cruz.svg | alt coat of arms = ብዓል ኣርማ ዋልታ ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ክሩዝ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = ሳንታ ክሩዝ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> <!-- Interwikis --> </noinclude> sfyc02zm31v8c0tbxnpqhipirk480kq 10 5614 22407 2021-02-19T22:40:03Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ክሩዝ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣውራጃ ሳንታ ክሩዝ]] 6abri7x6n9yo8f1lyyvfer6hmzydtn2 10 5615 22408 2021-02-19T22:43:11Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | flag alias = Flag of Argentina.sv...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | flag alias = Flag of Argentina.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ | variant = {{{variant|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኣርጀንቲና }}<noinclude> koqvdraobas42agc3lrz3560dutlwx4 10 5616 22409 2021-02-19T22:44:39Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ጽሑ...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ጽሑፍ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ጽሑፍ}} |- !colspan="2"|ርእሰ ከተማ |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|C}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|C}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ከ.ብ.ኣ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ከ.ብ.ኣ}} |- !colspan="2"|ኣውራጃታት |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|A}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|A}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሳልታ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሳልታ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|B}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|B}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ብወኖስ ኣይረስ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ብወኖስ ኣይረስ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|D}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|D}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሳን ልዊስ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሳን ልዊስ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|E}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|E}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ኤንትረ ርዮስ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ኤንትረ ርዮስ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|F}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|F}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ላ ርዮሃ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ላ ርዮሃ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|G}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|G}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሳንትያጎ ደል ኤስተሮ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|H}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|H}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ቻኮ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ቻኮ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|J}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|J}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሳን ህዋን}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሳን ህዋን}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|K}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|K}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ካታማርካ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ካታማርካ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|L}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|L}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ላ ፓምፓ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ላ ፓምፓ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|M}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|M}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|መንዶዛ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|መንዶዛ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|N}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|N}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሚስዮነስ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሚስዮነስ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|P}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|P}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ፎርሞሳ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ፎርሞሳ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|Q}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|Q}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ነውቀን}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ነውቀን}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|R}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|R}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ርዮ ነግሮ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ርዮ ነግሮ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|S}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|S}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሳንታ ፈ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሳንታ ፈ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|T}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|T}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ቱኩማን}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ቱኩማን}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|U}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|U}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ቹቡት}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ቹቡት}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|V}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|V}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ትየራ ደል ፍወጎ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|W}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|W}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ኮርየንተስ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ኮርየንተስ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|X}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|X}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ኮርዶባ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ኮርዶባ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|Y}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|Y}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሁሁይ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሁሁይ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|Z}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|Z}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ሳንታ ክሩዝ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ሳንታ ክሩዝ}} |- !colspan="2"|ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢታት |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ር.ከ.ከ.ብ.ኣ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ር.ከ.ከ.ብ.ኣ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ARG|ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ}}</nowiki></code> || {{ARG|ርእሰ ከተማዊ ከባቢ ብወኖስ ኣይረስ}} |} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </includeonly> pxwyigi0esf3gjdt8fl6ntgwkl1q70x 10 5617 23966 22410 2022-10-04T08:13:58Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Chuquisaca.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Chuquisaca_&_Sucre.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ክፍልታት--> |B = [[ፋይል:Flag of Beni.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ክፍሊ በኒ|በኒ]] |C = [[ፋይል:Flag of Cochabamba.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ክፍሊ ኮቻባምባ|ኮቻባምባ]] |H = [[ፋይል:Flag of Chuquisaca & Sucre.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ክፍሊ ቹቂሳካ|ቹቂሳካ]] |L = [[ፋይል:Bandera de La Paz.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ክፍሊ ላ ፓዝ (ቦሊቭያ)|ላ ፓዝ]] |N = [[ፋይል:Flag of Pando.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ክፍሊ ፓንዶ|ፓንዶ]] |O = [[ፋይል:Flag of Oruro.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ክፍሊ 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Province.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ኣውራጃ ሳራ|ሳራ]] |VG = [[ፋይል:Flag of Vallegrande Province.svg|border|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ኣውራጃ ቫየግራንደ|ቫየግራንደ]] |#default = {{hs|{{{1|ቦሊቭያ}}}}}[[ፋይል:Flag of Bolivia.svg|border|link=|20px]]</span>&nbsp;[[ቦሊቭያ|{{{1|ቦሊቭያ}}}]] }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> imavd5ncim02u5lvyvo3h81mery0jdj 10 5618 22412 22411 2021-02-19T23:13:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ዓምድታት]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="overflow:auto hidden;"> {| width="{{{1|100%}}}" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed;" |- valign="top" |<div style="margin-right:{{{2|20px}}};"></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ke4r7ywbnw1oc9e9n8c5xmhdqwc3mu1 10 5619 22414 22413 2021-02-19T23:17:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ሓድሽ ዓምዲ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></div> |<div style="margin-right: {{{1|20px}}};"></includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation|ሞደል:ዓምድታት/doc}} </noinclude> h80gow94ec6lbd6r9gle83bsxj6a12j 10 5620 22415 2021-02-19T23:20:05Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly></div> |}</div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|ሞደል:ዓምድታት/doc}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></div> |}</div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|ሞደል:ዓምድታት/doc}} </noinclude> oh5k3nj9ldqdnfwoak3ubvkdc7evue2 10 5621 22416 2021-02-19T23:25:24Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === {{ዓምድታት}} {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL}} |- | <code><...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === {{ዓምድታት}} {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|ጽሑፍ}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|ጽሑፍ}} |- !colspan="2"|ክፍልታት |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|B}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|B}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|C}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|C}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|H}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|H}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|L}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|L}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|N}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|N}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|O}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|O}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|P}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|P}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|S}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|S}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|T}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|T}} |} {{ሓድሽ ዓምዲ}} {|class="wikitable" !colspan="2"|ኣውራጃታት |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|AS}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|AS}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|CO}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|CO}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|CQ}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|CQ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|FL}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|FL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|GB}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|GB}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|IW}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|IW}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|SA}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|SA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|VG}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|VG}} |- !colspan="2"|ኣረጊት ክፍሊ |- | <code><nowiki>{{BOL|LI}}</nowiki></code> || {{BOL|LI}} |} {{መጨረሽታ ዓምድታት}} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </includeonly> 55ngb42kr9dpfcmuh5plwpio7yuonot 10 5622 22417 2021-02-20T00:18:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<span class="flagicon">{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ክፍለ ሃገራት--> |AC = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Acre.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>ኣክረ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ክፍለ ሃገራት--> |AC = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Acre.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣክረ (ብራዚል)|ኣክረ]] |AL = [[ፋይል:Bandeira de Alagoas.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣላጎስ]] |AM = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Amazonas.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣማዞናስ (ብራዚል)|ኣማዞናስ]] |AP = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Amapá.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣማፓ]] |BA = [[ፋይል:Bandeira da Bahia.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ባእያ (ብራዚል)|ባእያ]] |CE = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Ceará.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ስያራ]] |ES = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Espírito 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Rio Grande do Norte.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ርዮ ግራንደ ዶ ኖርተ]] |RO = [[ፋይል:Bandeira de Rondônia.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሮንዶንያ]] |RR = [[ፋይል:Bandeira de Roraima.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሮራይማ]] |RS = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Rio Grande do Sul.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ርዮ ግራንደ ዶ ሱል]] |SC = [[ፋይል:Bandeira Santa Catarina.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሳንታ ካታሪና]] |SE = [[ፋይል:Bandeira de Sergipe.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሰርጂፐ]] |SP = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Estado de São Paulo.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ክፍለ ሃገር ሳው ፓውሎ|ሳው ፓውሎ]] |TO = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Tocantins.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቶካንቺንስ]] <!--ፈደራላዊ ወረዳ--> |DF = [[ፋይል:Bandeira do Distrito Federal (Brasil).svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ፈደራላዊ ወረዳ (ብራዚል)|ፈደራላዊ ወረዳ]] <!--ኣረጊት--> |1822=[[ፋይል:Flag of Brazil (1822–1870).svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ግዝኣት ብራዚል|ብራዚል]] <!--ሓፈሻዊ--> |#default = {{hs|{{{1|ብራዚል}}}}}[[ፋይል:Flag of Brazil.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ብራዚል|{{{1|ብራዚል}}}]] }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> fq6acg841tz7oz9j4e6skib8cgc9eyl 10 5623 22418 2021-02-20T00:25:28Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|ጽሑ...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|ጽሑፍ}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|ጽሑፍ}} |- !colspan="2"|ፈደራላዊ ወረዳ |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|DF}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|DF}} |- !colspan="2"|ክፍለ ሃገራት |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|AC}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|AC}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|AL}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|AL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|AM}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|AM}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|AP}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|AP}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|BA}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|BA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|CE}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|CE}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|ES}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|ES}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|GO}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|GO}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|MA}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|MA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|MG}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|MG}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|MS}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|MS}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|MT}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|MT}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|PA}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|PA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|PB}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|PB}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|PE}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|PE}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|PI}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|PI}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|PR}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|PR}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|RJ}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|RJ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|RN}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|RN}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|RO}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|RO}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|RR}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|RR}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|RS}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|RS}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|SC}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|SC}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|SE}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|SE}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|SP}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|SP}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|TO}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|TO}} |- ! colspan=2 | ታሪኻዊ |- | <code><nowiki>{{BRA|1822}}</nowiki></code> || {{BRA|1822}} |} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </includeonly> 4du82k9wvx979nfg66z6v3ij8rbx0rh 10 5624 24577 22419 2023-11-21T04:09:38Z CommonsDelinker 65 Replacing Flag_of_Chile_(1817-1818).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Chile_of_the_transition_(1817).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Wrong date, only used for wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ዞባታት--> |AI = [[ፋይል:Flag of Aysen, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ኣይሰን ደል ሄነራል ካርሎስ ኢባኘዝ ደል ካምፖ|ኣይሰን]] |AN = [[ፋይል:Flag of Antofagasta Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ኣንቶፋጋስታ|ኣንቶፋጋስታ]] |AP = [[ፋይል:Flag of Arica y Parinacota, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ኣሪካ ኢ ፓሪናኮታ|ኣሪካ ኢ ፓሪናኮታ]] |AR = [[ፋይል:Flag of La Araucania, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ኣራውካንያ|ኣራውካንያ]] |AT = [[ፋይል:Flag of Atacama, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ኣታካማ|ኣታካማ]] |BI = [[ፋይል:Flag of Biobío Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ብዮብዮ|ብዮብዮ]] |CO = [[ፋይል:Flag of Coquimbo Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ኮቂምቦ|ኮቂምቦ]] |LI = [[ፋይል:Flag of O'Higgins Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ሊበርታዶር ሄነራል በርናርዶ ኦ'ሂጊንስ|ኦ'ሂጊንስ]] |LL = [[ፋይል:Flag of Los Lagos Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ሎስ ላጎስ|ሎስ ላጎስ]] |LR = [[ፋይል:Flag of Los Ríos, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ሎስ ርዮስ|ሎስ ርዮስ]] |MA = [[ፋይል:Flag of Magallanes, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ማጋያነስን ቺልያዊ ኣንታርክቲካን|ማጋያነስን]] |ML = [[ፋይል:Flag of Maule, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ማውለ|ማውለ]] |NB = [[ፋይል:Flag of Ñuble Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ኙብለ|ኙብለ]] |RM = [[ፋይል:Flag of the Metropolitan Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ርእሰ ከተማዊ ዞባ ሳንትያጎ|ርእሰ ከተማዊ ሳንትያጎ]] |TA = [[ፋይል:Flag of Tarapaca, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ታራፓካ|ታራፓካ]] |VS = [[ፋይል:Flag of Valparaiso Region, Chile.svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ዞባ ቫልፓራይሶ|ቫልፓራይሶ]] |1812 = [[ፋይል:Flag of Chile (1812-1814).svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ፓትርያ ቭየሃ (ቺሌ)|ፓትርያ ቭየሃ]] |1817 = [[ፋይል:Flag of Chile of the transition (1817).svg|border|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ፓትርያ ንወቫ]] |#default = {{hs|{{{1|ቺሌ}}}}}[[ፋይል:Flag of Chile.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቺሌ|{{{1|ቺሌ}}}]] }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> bhoyf0wd16up8vxa4xpbbtdcrd3glc3 10 5625 22420 2021-02-20T01:04:05Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|ጽሑ...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|ጽሑፍ}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|ጽሑፍ}} |- !colspan="2"|ዞባታት |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|AI}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|AI}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|AN}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|AN}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|AP}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|AP}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|AR}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|AR}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|AT}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|AT}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|BI}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|BI}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|CO}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|CO}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|LI}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|LI}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|LL}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|LL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|LR}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|LR}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|MA}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|MA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|ML}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|ML}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|NB}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|NB}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|RM}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|RM}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|TA}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|TA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|VS}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|VS}} |- !colspan="2"|ኣረግቶት |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|1812}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|1812}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{CHL|1817}}</nowiki></code> || {{CHL|1817}} |} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር|CHL]] </includeonly> g5oohe36sqk8t196c8dljko259m0foc 10 5626 22421 2021-02-20T14:39:22Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<span class="flagicon">{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ክፍልታት--> |AMA = [[ፋይል:Flag of Amazonas (Colombia).svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>ኣ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">{{#switch:{{{1|}}} <!--ክፍልታት--> |AMA = [[ፋይል:Flag of Amazonas (Colombia).svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣማዞናስ (ኮሎምብያ)|ኣማዞናስ]] |ANT = [[ፋይል:Flag of Antioquia Department.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣንትዮቅያ]] |ARA = [[ፋይል:Flag of Arauca.svg|border|link=|18px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣራውካ (ኮሎምብያ)|ኣራውካ]] |ATL = [[ፋይል:Flag of Atlántico.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኣትላንቲኮ (ኮሎምብያ)|ኣትላንቲኮ]] |BOL = [[ፋይል:Flag of Bolívar (Colombia).svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቦሊቫር (ኮሎምብያ)|ቦሊቫር]] |BOY = [[ፋይል:Flag of Boyacá Department.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቦያካ]] |CAL = [[ፋይል:Flag of Caldas.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ካልዳስ]] |CAQ = [[ፋይል:Flag of Caquetá.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ካቀታ]] |CAS = [[ፋይል:Flag of Casanare.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ካሳናረ]] |CAU = [[ፋይል:Flag of Cauca.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ካውካ (ኮሎምብያ)|ካውካ]] |CES = [[ፋይል:Flag of Cesar.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሰሳር]] |CHO = [[ፋይል:Flag of Chocó.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቾኮ]] |COR = [[ፋይል:Flag of Córdoba.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኮርዶባ (ኮሎምብያ)|ኮርዶባ]] |CUN = [[ፋይል:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኩንዲናማርካ]] |GUA = [[ፋይል:Flag of Guainía.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ጓይንያ]] |GUV = [[ፋይል:Flag of Guaviare.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ጓቭያረ]] |HUI = [[ፋይል:Flag of Huila.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኡይላ]] |LAG = [[ፋይል:Flag of La Guajira.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ላ ጓሂራ]] |MAG = [[ፋይል:Flag of Magdalena.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ማግዳለና (ኮሎምብያ)|ማግዳለና]] |MET = [[ፋይል:Flag of Meta.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[መታ (ኮሎምብያ)|መታ]] |NAR = [[ፋይል:Flag of Nariño.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ናሪኞ (ኮሎምብያ)|ናሪኞ]] |NSA = [[ፋይል:Flag of Norte de Santander.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኖርተ ደ ሳንታንደር]] |PUT = [[ፋይል:Flag of Putumayo.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ፑቱማዮ (ኮሎምብያ)|ፑቱማዮ]] |QUI = [[ፋይል:Flag of Quindío.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቂንድዮ]] |RIS = [[ፋይል:Flag of Risaralda.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሪሳራልዳ]] |SAP = [[ፋይል:Flag of San Andrés y Providencia.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[እኩባት ደሴታት ሳን ኣንድረስ፣ ፕሮቪደንስያን ሳንታ ካታሊናን|ሳን ኣንድረስን ፕሮቪደንስያን]] |SAN = [[ፋይል:Flag of Santander Department.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሳንታንደር (ኮሎምብያ)|ሳንታንደር]] |SUC = [[ፋይል:Flag of Sucre (Colombia).svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ሱክረ (ኮሎምብያ)|ሱክረ]] |TOL = [[ፋይል:Flag of Tolima.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቶሊማ]] |VAC = [[ፋይል:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቫየ ደል ካውካ]] |VAU = [[ፋይል:Flag of Vaupés.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቫውፐስ]] |VID = [[ፋይል:Flag of Vichada.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቪቻዳ]] <!--ክፍላዊ ርእሰ ከተማታት--> |DC = [[ፋይል:Flag of Bogotá.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቦጎታ]] |BOY-TUN = [[ፋይል:Escudo de Tunja.svg|border|link=|15px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ቱንጃ]] |VAC-CAL = [[ፋይል:Flag of Santiago de Cali.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ካሊ]] |#default = {{hs|{{{1|ኮሎምብያ}}}}}[[ፋይል:Flag of Colombia.svg|border|link=|20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[ኮሎምብያ|{{{1|ኮሎምብያ}}}]] }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> dlbqbfh0zkw9sqyui6vl59fp4slw6ec 10 5627 22422 2021-02-20T14:46:03Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|ጽሑ...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === {|class="wikitable" ! ኮድ || ውጽኢት |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|ጽሑፍ}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|ጽሑፍ}} |- !colspan="2"|[[ክፍልታት ኮሎምብያ|ክፍልታት]] |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|AMA}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|AMA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|ANT}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|ANT}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|ARA}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|ARA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|ATL}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|ATL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|BOL}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|BOL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|BOY}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|BOY}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|CAL}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|CAL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|CAQ}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|CAQ}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|CAS}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|CAS}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|CAU}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|CAU}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|CES}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|CES}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|CHO}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|CHO}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|COR}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|COR}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|CUN}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|CUN}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|GUA}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|GUA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|GUV}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|GUV}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|HUI}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|HUI}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|LAG}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|LAG}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|MAG}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|MAG}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|MET}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|MET}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|NAR}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|NAR}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|NSA}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|NSA}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|PUT}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|PUT}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|QUI}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|QUI}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|RIS}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|RIS}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|SAP}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|SAP}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|SAN}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|SAN}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|SUC}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|SUC}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|TOL}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|TOL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|VAC}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|VAC}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|VAU}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|VAU}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|VID}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|VID}} |- !colspan="2"|ርእሰ ከተማ |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|DC}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|DC}} |- !colspan="2"|ክፍላዊ ርእሰ ከተማታት |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|BOY-TUN}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|BOY-TUN}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|VAC-CAL}}</nowiki></code> || {{COL|VAC-CAL}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{COL|ATL-BAQ}}</nowiki></code>||[[ፋይል:Flag of Barranquilla.svg|20px|border]][[ባራንቅያ]] |} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </includeonly> a9gtuzgsoedtoxzlzo6nwxjnywp5fn9 10 5628 22423 2021-02-20T14:49:12Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ሱሪናም}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ሱሪናም|name={{{1|ሱሪናም}}}}}<noinclude>መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ሱሪናም}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ሱሪናም|name={{{1|ሱሪናም}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> e3jjcuwcnwfkglerj0f6sd9stlydb43 10 5629 22424 2021-02-20T14:52:50Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን|name={{{1|ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን}}}}}<noinclude>መ...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን|name={{{1|ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> k0mdie3y2ipyo24jmtwnuccq1rgrmc4 10 5630 22425 2021-02-20T15:00:22Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ኡራጓይ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ኡራጓይ|name={{{1|ኡራጓይ}}}}}<noinclude>መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ኡራጓይ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ኡራጓይ|name={{{1|ኡራጓይ}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> obufx6z8s9xaa2210cdy54sra8kpx9e 10 5631 22426 2021-02-20T15:00:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:URY]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:URY]] 9g2azuguiilww1d4ltra020ekdv3wt7 10 5632 22427 2021-02-20T15:08:58Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ኤኳዶር}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ኤኳዶር|name={{{1|ኤኳዶር}}}}}<noinclude>መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ኤኳዶር}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ኤኳዶር|name={{{1|ኤኳዶር}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> ml5eequdqytgzo6emqv2msj32hyzbq0 10 5633 22428 2021-02-20T15:28:12Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጉያና | flag alias = Flag of Guyana.svg | flag alias-1875 = Flag of British Guiana (1875...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ጉያና | flag alias = Flag of Guyana.svg | flag alias-1875 = Flag of British Guiana (1875–1906).svg | flag alias-1906 = Flag of British Guiana (1906–1919).svg | flag alias-1919 = Flag of British Guiana (1919–1955).svg | flag alias-1955 = Flag of British Guiana (1955–1966).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ጉያና | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1875 | var2 = 1906 | var3 = 1919 | var4 = 1955 | redir1 = GUY </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 0v2igpjen32k2ibssg16mai466ukid9 10 5634 22429 2021-02-20T15:29:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ጉያና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ጉያና]] 33urns2wuklgi2ecu1jojt8mnnvof1b 10 5635 22430 2021-02-20T15:29:34Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ጉያና}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ጉያና|name={{{1|ጉያና}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noin...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ጉያና}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ጉያና|name={{{1|ጉያና}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> 86u7gvlqai2x7zo48kzuwi4t4ur668h 10 5636 22431 2021-02-20T15:33:11Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ፓራጓይ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ፓራጓይ|name={{{1|ፓራጓይ}}}}}<noinclude>መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ፓራጓይ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ፓራጓይ|name={{{1|ፓራጓይ}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> lo5pc19k5dqu5qssa6ehpcnuf3e6r3g 10 5637 22432 2021-02-20T15:34:55Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ፔሩ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ፔሩ|name={{{1|ፔሩ}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ፔሩ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ፔሩ|name={{{1|ፔሩ}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> hexs5f99khcozf32b861k363d0dv283 10 5638 22433 2021-02-20T15:37:10Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{hs|{{{1|ፈረንሳ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ፈረንሳ|name={{{1|ፈረንሳ}}}}}<noinclude>መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ፈረንሳ}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ፈረንሳ|name={{{1|ፈረንሳ}}}}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]] </noinclude> svwem5rgtqs5t8p96c7kcqbzghyyab5 10 5639 22434 2021-02-20T16:08:59Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደሴታት ፎክላንድ | flag alias = Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg | flag alias-1876...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደሴታት ፎክላንድ | flag alias = Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg | flag alias-1876 = Flag of the Falkland Islands (1876–1925).svg | flag alias-1925 = Flag of the Falkland Islands (1925–1948).svg | flag alias-1948 = Flag of the Falkland Islands (1948–1999).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ደሴታት ፎክላንድ | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1876 | var2 = 1925 | var3 = 1948 | redir1 = FLK </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> odn24eyn63wae6pg7wickuj6nt73ovf 10 5640 22435 2021-02-20T16:09:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ደሴታት ፎክላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ደሴታት ፎክላንድ]] ricz5b4vhcmdxzkbrfhjmxdusa52s82 10 5641 22439 2021-02-20T16:17:32Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኔዘርላንድ]] 17dxeycfxxqzhzl5x6ld3zamds98pov 10 5642 22440 2021-02-20T16:17:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኔዘርላንድ]] 17dxeycfxxqzhzl5x6ld3zamds98pov 10 5643 22441 2021-02-20T16:17:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኔዘርላንድ]] 17dxeycfxxqzhzl5x6ld3zamds98pov 10 5644 22442 2021-02-20T16:38:21Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን | flag alias = Flag of Sou...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን | flag alias = Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg | flag alias-1999 = Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (1992–1999).svg | alt = ባንዴራ ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1999 | redir1 = SGS </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 5sl9a6mdbgc6gqj40nwtv37m6v44uka 10 5645 22443 2021-02-20T16:38:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን]] gk73j8l0moljpo1mllourhjg4g1pwok 10 5646 22444 2021-02-20T16:43:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣሩባ | flag alias = Flag of Aruba.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of the Netherlands.svg...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኣሩባ | flag alias = Flag of Aruba.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of the Netherlands.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኣሩባ | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | redir1 = ARU </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> in179a6qppqj26vkez55cwwfycopja9 10 5647 22445 2021-02-20T16:43:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣሩባ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣሩባ]] 0ne4l804tjfz7n2lojolunk5y09wnpt 10 5648 22446 2021-02-20T16:53:47Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኩራሳው | flag alias = Flag of Curaçao.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of the Netherlan...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ኩራሳው | flag alias = Flag of Curaçao.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of the Netherlands.svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959-1986).svg | flag alias-1986 = Flag of the Netherlands Antilles.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ኩራሳው | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | var2 = 1959 | var3 = 1986 | redir1 = CUR </noinclude> }}<noinclude> icodv098r6oteryw93vc930mdnthzxj 10 5649 22447 2021-02-20T16:54:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኩራሳው]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኩራሳው]] 8sxpzew2m4zgnzg7f9y8682wwofssr6 10 5650 22448 2021-02-20T17:00:50Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቦናይረ | flag alias = Flag of Bonaire.svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of the Netherlands An...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ቦናይረ | flag alias = Flag of Bonaire.svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959-1986).svg | flag alias-1986 = Flag of the Netherlands Antilles.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | alt = ባንዴራ ቦናይረ | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1959 | var2 = 1986 | redir1 = BOE </noinclude> }}<noinclude> bhssqsmcrqjxuszq5hj2cxk0zxnynt0 10 5651 22449 2021-02-20T17:01:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቦናይረ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቦናይረ]] h3rzhuom8pmvg0skyd2grzemv7mvv0j 10 5652 22451 22450 2021-02-20T17:24:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Hardspace]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|<span style="white-space:nowrap">{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&nbsp;{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;{{{3}}}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&nbsp;{{{4}}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&nbsp;{{{5}}}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|&nbsp;{{{6}}}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|&nbsp;{{{7}}}{{#if:{{{8|}}}|&nbsp;{{{8}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</span>|&nbsp;}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qpeivmnxnczp4cw38u4s1s1optg09j0 0 5653 22452 2021-02-21T00:08:48Z Joanmp14 5782 new article wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ግዝኣት |ካርታ = South America (orthographic projection).svg |ስፍሓት = 17,285,894 |ብዝሒ ህዝቢ = 423,581,078 |ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓመት = 2018 |ጻዕቂ = 24,2 |ዜግነት ህዝቢ = ደቡብ ኣመሪካዊ/ -ት |ሃገራት = {{SUR}}<br />{{BRA}}<br />{{BOL}}<br />{{VEN}}<br />{{TTO}}<br />{{CHL}}<br />{{URU}}<br />{{ARG}}<br />{{ECU}}<br />{{COL}}<br />{{GUY}}<br />{{PRY}}<br />{{PER}}<br />'''_{ስግር ባሕሪ ዞባታት}'''<br /> {{FRA|&nbsp;}}[[ፈረንሳዊት ጉያና]] ([[ክፍሊ ፈረንሳ]]) |ተመርኳስነታት = {{flagdeco|ደሴታት ፎክላንድ}}{{Flagdeco|ብሪጣንያ}} [[ደሴታት ፎክላንድ]]<br />{{flagdeco|ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን}}{{Flagdeco|ብሪጣንያ}} [[ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን]]<br />{{Flagdeco|ኣሩባ}}{{Flagdeco|ኔዘርላንድ}} [[ኣሩባ]]<br />{{Flagdeco|ኩራሳው}}{{Flagdeco|ኔዘርላንድ}} [[ኩራሳው]]<br />{{Flagdeco|ቦናይረ}}{{Flagdeco|ኔዘርላንድ}} [[ቦናይረ]] |ቋንቋታት = {{Collapsible list|list_style=text-aling:center;|text=[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋታት ቀችዋ|ቀችዋ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ኣይማራ|ኣይማራ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ጓራኒ|ጓራኒ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ፖርቱጊዝኛ]]፣ ወዘተ }} |ዞባ ግዜ = {{Collapsible list|{{flagdeco|ደሴታት ደቡብ ጆርጅያን ደቡብ ሳንድዊችን}} UTC{{hardspace}}−2<br />{{flagdeco|ብራዚል}} UTC{{hardspace}}−2፤ −3፤ −4፤ −5<br />{{flagdeco|ኣርጀንቲና}} {{flagdeco|ኡራጓይ}} UTC{{hardspace}}−3 <br /> {{flagdeco|ሱሪናም}} {{flagdeco|ፈረንሳዊት ጉያና}} UTC{{hardspace}}−3 <br />{{flagdeco|ፓራጓይ}} UTC{{hardspace}}−3፤ −4<br />{{flagdeco|ቺሌ}} UTC{{hardspace}}−3 ክሳዕ −5<br />{{flagdeco|ደሴታት ፎክላንድ}} UTC{{hardspace}}−3 <br />{{flagdeco|ጉያና}} {{flagdeco|ቦሊቭያ}} {{flagdeco|ቬኔዝዌላ}} {{flagdeco|ኣሩባ}} {{flagdeco|ኩራሳው}} {{flagdeco|ቦናይረ}} UTC{{hardspace}}−4<br />{{flagdeco|ኮሎምብያ}} {{flagdeco|ፔሩ}} UTC{{hardspace}}−5 <br />{{flagdeco|ኤኳዶር}} UTC{{hardspace}}−5 ክሳዕ UTC{{hardspace}}−6 }} }} '''ደቡብ ኣመሪካ''' ደቡባዊ [[ንኡስ ክፍለ ዓለም]] ናይ [[ኣመሪካ (ክፍለ ዓለም)|ኣመሪካ]] እዩ። 0777nqwdw4nh6synli505st6l7sp580 0 5654 22455 22454 2021-02-21T12:54:26Z Midre bahri 7205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:ክራር.png|thumb|258x258px|ክራር መሳርሒት ሙዚቃ]] ክራር (ብትግርኛ ፡ ትግረ ከምኡ "ውን ኣምሓርኛ) ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራን ኢትዮጵያን ብሓሙሽተ ወይ ሽዱሽተ ገመድ ዝቘመ ጭሔሎ ዘለዎ ሊሪ እዩ ። ምስ ስፍሓት ሰንቲ-ሜተሮኒክ ዝተጣመረ እዩ ። ዘመናዊት ክራር ኽትግልበጥ ትኽእል እያ ፣ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ምስ ናይ ኤለክትሪክ ጊታር ወይ ቫዮሊን ክመሳሰል ይኽእል እዩ ። == ትሕዝቶ == [[ፋይል:ጻይቱ በራኺ .png|thumb|ጻይቱ በራኺ ክራር እንዳሃረመት ኾላ]] ክራር ፡ ብዕንጨይትን ብጨርቅን ይስለም እዩ ። እቲ ሓሙሽተ ወይ ሽዱሽተ ጫፍ ከኣ ፡ ነቲ ዘሎ ጉድጓድ ይውስኖ ። ቃና እቲ መሳርሒ ኣብቲ እቲ ሙዚቀኛ ዝጥቀመሉ ሜላ ኣጸዋውታ: ማለት ኣብ ምስጋድ: ምውዝዋዝ ወይ ምቕጣን እዩ ዝምርኰስ ። እንተ ለቕሊቑ ፡ ልስሉስ ቃና እዩ ዘፍሪ ። በቲ ሓደ ሸነኽ ግን ፡ ስኒት ዘለዎ ስጉምቲ ምውሳድ ፡ ባህ ዘብል እዩ ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ፡ ዓዝማሪ ብዚብሃል ሙዚቀኛ ዝዝመር ክራር ይጻወት እዩ ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ምስ መዝሙራትን ዓለማዊ መዝሙራት ናይ ፍቕርን ዝስነ እዩ ። == ምንጪታት(ፈላፍላት) == * Asnakech Worku, ''Ethiopiques 16: The Lady with the Krar'' (compact disc). Buda Musique 822652, 2003. * ''Ethiopie, chants d'amour'' (Ethiopia, Love Songs). Fantahun Shewankochew, vocals and krar (compact disc). INEDIT/Maison des Cultures du Monde W260080, 1998. jy1omevi666x43hh4fa4dv8mxcn5b32 0 5655 22457 2021-02-22T15:11:54Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ዕብራይስጥ]] to [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]]: more understandable wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] ogsl7z8w6wpps7uzum00b50wjblavdx 0 5656 22460 2021-02-25T01:44:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞንጎሊያ]] to [[ሞንጎልያ]]: it was no Tigrinya, but Amharic wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞንጎልያ]] pwp8n818uv7a91gi8uqthpq03kung0k 100 5657 22462 22461 2021-02-27T09:19:53Z Mamu Alem 7375 Blanked the page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10 5658 22469 2021-03-03T10:22:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ውድብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ውድብ]] hq39bwd2oxqtvtfvwb3cntj0htu880d 10 5660 22517 2021-03-20T02:57:18Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ታሪኽ ሂወት]] to [[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ታሪኽ ህይወት]]: correction wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:መዋቕር-ታሪኽ ህይወት]] n8p15cdrgra808zf5wtzwnujk88paix 10 5662 24276 22537 2023-05-29T21:44:49Z Joanmp14 5782 fix wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |title = {{{ስም|{{{ኣርእስቲ|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}} |colorbackgroundtitle = {{{ሕብሪ|#DCDCDC}}} |sectionstyle = background-color:#ebebeb; |labelstyle = background-color:#ebebeb; |headertype = gastronomy |image = {{Property|P18|{{{ምስሊ|}}}|priority=no|one=yes}} |imagesize = {{{መጠን ምስሊ|{{{መጠን_ምስሊ|{{{መጠን|245px}}}}}}}}} |footerstyle = font-size:smaller; text-align:center; |footer = {{Property|P2096| {{{ጽሑፍ ምስሊ|{{{ጽሑፍ_ምስሊ|{{{እግሪ ምስሊ|{{{እግሪ_ምስሊ|{{{ምስሊ እግሪ|{{{ጽሑፍምስሊ|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|priority=no|one=yes}} |label3 = ምሉእ ስም |data3 = {{{ምሉእ ስም|{{{ምሉእ_ስም|}}}}}} |label4 = ካልኦት ኣስማት |data4 = {{{ካልኦት ኣስማት|{{{ካልኦት_ኣስማት|}}}}}} |label5 = ዓይነት |data5 = {{{ዓይነት|}}} |label6 = ቦታ መበቆል |data6 = {{Property|P495|{{{ቦታ መበቆል|}}}}} |label7 = መበቆል |data7 = {{{መበቆል|}}} |label8 = ዝተፈጠረ ብ |data8 = {{{ዝተፈጠረ ብ|{{{ፈጣሪ|}}}}}} |label9 = መቕውማት |data9 = {{Property|P527|{{{መቕውማት|}}}}} |label10 = ዕደላ |data10 = {{{ዕደላ|}}} |label11 = መኣዛታት |data11 = {{{መኣዛታት|}}} |label12 = ተመሳሰልቲ |data12 = {{{ተመሳሰልቲ|}}} }} <noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 35ihf45igzw9bk0lsvv6hmqk0ojlf6g 10 5663 22538 2021-04-09T23:18:57Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ምግቢ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ምግቢ]] tmahxuikwj3gu507bm2tv6rjqdtlt0c 10 5664 22545 22544 2021-04-12T23:08:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:IPA audio link]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><small class="nowrap">&nbsp;([[ፋይል:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=|alt=]] [[:Media:{{{1|}}}|ስማዕ]])</small></includeonly><noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ደገፍ ቋንቋታት]] </noinclude> qm8a7dnmx404279ndag04njj1uivry6 10 5665 22621 22614 2021-04-15T13:53:42Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=እንግሊዝኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|UK=ብሪጣንያ፦&nbsp;|US=ኣመሪካ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} 9x7tgkr77onqcdidxhqyvhjom2tain5 10 5666 22615 22547 2021-04-15T12:04:11Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n}} *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|ኣደማምጻ}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|ኣደማምጻ}} *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|ቋንቋ}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|ቋንቋ}} *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|ከባብያዊ}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|ከባብያዊ}} *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|IPA}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|IPA}} *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|US}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|US}} *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|UK}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|UK}} *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|}} ምስ ናይ ድምጺ ፋይል እውን ክድመር ይኽእል እዩ፦ *<code><nowiki>{{IPA-en|n|ከባብያዊ|En-us-'n'.ogg}}</nowiki></code> → {{IPA-en|n|ከባብያዊ|En-us-'n'.ogg}} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ደገፍ ቋንቋታት]] </includeonly> 6cdzydadcejadndux8xiil5wzjge1xk 10 5667 22557 2021-04-13T15:58:12Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki {{<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7ddca00qmssfls0dctzbj32xy1q28ir 10 5668 22558 2021-04-13T15:59:38Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fmm8htexq13hwrjrvzcsiy59gv65l36 828 5669 22940 22578 2021-07-23T20:26:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals') local p = {} --[[ -------------------------- < L A N G - X X _ S E T T I N G S > -------------------------- {{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|lang_xx_settings|template={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} Reads the content of the template and extracts the parameters from {{#invoke:Lang|...}} for display on the template's documentation page. ]] local function lang_xx_settings(frame) local page = mw.title.makeTitle('ሞደል', frame.args['template'] or frame.args[1]) -- get a page object for this page in 'ሞደል:' namespace if not page then return '' -- TODO: error message? end local content = page:getContent() -- get unparsed content if not page then return '' -- TODO: error message? end local out = {} local params local style if content:match('{{%s*#invoke:%s*[Ll]ang%s*|[^|]+|[^}]+}}') or content:match('{{%s*#invoke:%s*[Ll]ang/sandbox%s*|[^|]+|[^}]+}}') then -- if this template uses [[ሞድዩል:Lang]] params = content:match('{{%s*#invoke:%s*[Ll]ang%s*|[^|]+(|[^}]+)}}') or content:match('{{%s*#invoke:%s*[Ll]ang/sandbox%s*|[^|]+(|[^}]+)}}') -- extract the #invoke:'s parameters if not params then return '' -- there should be at least one or the template/module won't work TODO: error message? end table.insert(out, '{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; float: right;"\n|+ምምዕርራይ') -- start a wikitable for k, v in params:gmatch('%s*|%s*([^%s=]+)%s*=%s*([^%s|]+)') do -- get the parameter names (k) and values (v) if 'label' == k then -- special case for labels because spaces and pipes v = params:match('label%s*=%s*(%[%[[^%]]+%]%])') or params:match('label%s*=%s*([^|\n]+)') or 'missing label' end table.insert(out, table.concat({k, '\n|', v})) -- make rudimentary wikitable entries end style = content:match('lang_xx_([^|]+)') return table.concat({table.concat(out,'\n|-\n! scope="row" | '), '\n|-\n|colspan="2"|ቅዲ፦ ', style:gsub('italic', 'ቄናን'), '\n|-\n|}'}) -- add inter-row markup and close the wikitable and done else return '' -- does not use [[ሞድዩል:Lang]] so abandon quietly end end --[[ -------------------------- < U S E S _ M O D U L E > -------------------------- {{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|uses_module|template={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} Reads the content of the template to determine if this {{lang-xx}} template uses Module:Lang. Returns the index of the substring '{{#invoke|lang|' in the template page content if true; empty string if false. Used in template documentation {{#if:}} parser functions. ]] local function uses_module(frame) local page = mw.title.makeTitle('ሞደል', frame.args['template'] or frame.args[1]) -- get a page object for this page in 'ሞደል:' namespace if not page then return '' -- TODO: error message? end local content = page:getContent() -- get unparsed content if not page then return '' -- TODO: error message? end return content:find('{{%s*#invoke:[Ll]ang%s*|') or '' -- return index or empty string end --[[ -------------------------- < S H A R E D _ C O D E > -------------------------- - Tables: -- language_categories -- error_messages -- strings - Functions: -- make_error(message, layout, parent_category, nocat) -- get_language_link(language_name, language_code) -- get_see_also_section(page_title, language_name, language_code) -- get_hidden_category_template(frame) -- get_top_section(frame) -- get_bottom_section(frame, language_name, see_also_section, parent_category) ]] local language_categories = { --["LANGUAGES_SOURCES"] = "Articles with %s-language sources (%s)", --THESE THREE ARE NOT ON tiwiki --["LANGUAGES_COLLECTIVE_SOURCES"] = "Articles with %s-collective sources (%s)", --["CS1"] = "CS1 %s-language sources (%s)", ["LANGUAGE_TEXT"] = "Wikipedia:Articles with text in %s", ["LANGUAGES_COLLECTIVE_TEXT"] = "Wikipedia:Articles with text in %s", ["TIGRINYA"] = "Wikipedia:Articles with text explicitly cited in %s", } local error_assistance = " Please see [[Template talk:Lang]] for assistance." local error_messages = { ["ASSISTANCE"] = "Please see [[Template talk:Lang]] for assistance.", ["INCORRECT_CATEGORY_TITLE"] = "[[:%s]] is not the category being populated by the {{Tl|%s}} template. The correct category is located at: [[:%s]].", ["NO_CATEGORY_TITLE_FOUND"] = "No language category found for '''%s.'''" .. error_assistance, ["NOT_VALID_CATEGORY_FORMAT"] = "'''%s''' is not a a valid category title." .. error_assistance, ["NOT_VALID_LANGUAGE_CODE"] = "[[%s]] is not a valid ISO 639 or IETF language name." .. error_assistance, } local strings = { ["ERROR_CATEGORY"] = "[[Category:Wikipedia:Lang and lang-xx template errors]]", ["ERROR_SPAN"] = '<span style="font-size: 100%%; font-style: normal;" class="error">Error: %s </span>', ["PURGE_DIV"] = '<div style="font-size: x-small;">%s</div>', ["SEE_ALSO"] = "\n==ብተወሳኺ ርኣይ==", ["SEE_ALSO_ITEM"] = "* [[:%s]]", } --[[ -------------------------- < M A K E _ E R R O R > -------------------------- Create an error message. Does not place page in error category if args.nocat is used. Does not categorize in parent cateogory if used in category namespace (usually for /testcases). ]] local function make_error(message, layout, parent_category, nocat) table.insert(layout, string.format(strings["ERROR_SPAN"], message)) if not nocat then table.insert(layout, strings["ERROR_CATEGORY"]) end if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "Category" then table.insert(layout, parent_category) end return table.concat(layout) end --[[ -------------------------- < G E T _ L A N G U A G E _ L I N K > -------------------------- Generates a language link for the correct style. Collective languages use the name_from_tag value, while other languages use a display name of "x-language". ]] local function get_language_link(language_name, language_code) local lang_module = require('Module:Lang') -- Is a language collective? if language_name:find('ቋንቋታት') or language_name:find('languages') then return lang_module.name_from_tag({language_code, link = "yes"}) else return lang_module.name_from_tag({language_code, link = "yes", label = ("ቋንቋ " .. lang_module.name_from_tag({language_code}))}) end end --[[ -------------------------- < G E T _ S E E _ A L S O _ S E C T I O N > -------------------------- Generates a consistent style See also section for {{Category articles containing non-English-language text}} and {{Non-English-language source category}}. If {{CS1 language sources}} is converted, it should also use it. ]] local function get_see_also_section(page_title, language_name, language_code) local see_also_section = {} for _, category_name in pairs(language_categories) do local category = mw.title.new(string.format(category_name, language_name, language_code), 14) if category and page_title ~= category.text and category.exists then table.insert(see_also_section, string.format(strings["SEE_ALSO_ITEM"], category.prefixedText)) end end table.sort(see_also_section) table.insert(see_also_section, 1, strings["SEE_ALSO"]) if table.getn(see_also_section) == 1 then return "" else return table.concat(see_also_section, "\n") end end --[[ -------------------------- < G E T _ H I D D E N _ C A T E G O R Y _ T E M P L A T E > -------------------------- Generates the Template:Hidden category template. This function is separate from the get_top_section() function as this should be used in both error categories and valid categories. ]] local function get_hidden_category_template(frame) return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Hidden category'} end --[[ -------------------------- < G E T _ T O P _ S E C T I O N > -------------------------- Generates a consistent top maintenance template section which consists of: -- Template:Possibly empty category -- Template:ኣጽርይ ]] local function get_top_section(frame) local top_section = {} table.insert(top_section, frame:expandTemplate{title = 'ባዶ መደብ'}) table.insert(top_section, "<div style=\"font-size:x-small;\">" .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'ኣጽርይ', args = {"መዕቖሪ ገጽ ኣጽርይ"}} .. "</div>") return table.concat(top_section, "\n\n") end --[[ -------------------------- < G E T _ B O T T O M _ S E C T I O N > -------------------------- Generates a consistent non-text section which consists of: -- Template:CatAutoTOC -- A see also section -- {{DEFAULTSORT}} -- Categorization in parent category ]] local function get_bottom_section(frame, language_name, see_also_section, parent_category) local bottom_section = {} table.insert(bottom_section, frame:expandTemplate{title = 'CatAutoTOC'}) table.insert(bottom_section, see_also_section) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "መደብ" then table.insert(bottom_section, frame:preprocess{text = "{{DEFAULTSORT:" .. language_name .. "}}"}) table.insert(bottom_section, parent_category) end return table.concat(bottom_section, "\n\n\n") end --[[ -------------------------- < N O N _ T I G R I N Y A _ L A N G U A G E _ T E X T _ C A T E G O R Y > -------------------------- {{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|non_english_language_text_category}} This function implements {{Non-English-language text category}}. ]] local non_tigrinya_language_text_strings = { ["LINE1"] = "This category contains articles with %s%s text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages.", ["LINE2"] = "This category should only be added with the %s family of templates, never explicitly.", ["LINE3"] = 'For example %s, which wraps the text with <code>&lt;span lang="%s"&gt;</code>.%s', ["LINE3_EXTRA"] = " Also available is %s which displays as %s.", ["IN_SCRIPT"] = " (in %s)", ["EXAMPLE_DEFAULT_TEXT"] = "text in %s language here", ["PARENT_CATEGORY"] = "[[Category:Wikipedia:Articles containing text in other languages]]", ["TEMPLATE"] = "Lang", } local function non_tigrinya_language_text_category(frame) local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArguments(frame) -- args.test is used for /testcases if args.test then page = mw.title.new(args.test) end -- Naming style: Articles with text from the Berber languages collective local page_title_modified = page.text local split_title = "([^,]+)%%s([^,]*)" local part1 = "" local part2 = "" if page_title_modified:find('ቋንቋታት') or page_title_modified:find('languages') then -- Naming style: Category:Articles with text in Berber languages part1, part2 = language_categories["LANGUAGES_COLLECTIVE_TEXT"]:match(split_title) --"Articles with text in %s" elseif page_title_modified:find('explicitly cited') then part1, part2 = language_categories["TIGRINYA"]:match(split_title) --"Articles with explicit citations in %s" else -- Naming style: Category:Articles with French language text part1, part2 = language_categories["LANGUAGE_TEXT"]:match(split_title) --"Articles with text in %s" end page_title_modified = page_title_modified:gsub(part1, "") --page_title_modified = page_title_modified:gsub(part2, "") local language_name = page_title_modified local layout = {} table.insert(layout, get_hidden_category_template(frame)) table.insert(layout, get_top_section(frame)) local parent_category = non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["PARENT_CATEGORY"] if language_name == page.text then -- Error: Formato del título de la categoría no soportado. return make_error(string.format(error_messages["NOT_VALID_CATEGORY_FORMAT"], page.text), layout, parent_category, args.nocat) end local lang_module = require('Module:Lang') local language_code = lang_module._tag_from_name({language_name}) if language_code:find('error') then -- Error: Language code not found in database. return make_error(string.format(error_messages["NOT_VALID_LANGUAGE_CODE"], language_name), layout, parent_category, args.nocat) end local correct_language_category_title = lang_module._category_from_tag({language_code}) if correct_language_category_title:find('error') then -- Error: No category title found for language code. return make_error(string.format(error_messages["NO_CATEGORY_TITLE_FOUND"], language_code), layout, parent_category, args.nocat) end local current_category_title = page.prefixedText if current_category_title ~= correct_language_category_title then -- Error: The current title used is not in the supported format. TODO: can this still be reached? return make_error( string.format(error_messages["INCORRECT_CATEGORY_TITLE"], current_category_title, non_spanish_language_text_strings["TEMPLATE"], correct_language_category_title), layout, parent_category, args.nocat) end local script_text = "" if args.script then script_text = string.format(non_spanish_language_text_strings["IN_SCRIPT"], args.script) end local language_link = get_language_link(language_name, language_code) table.insert(layout, string.format(non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["LINE1"], language_link, script_text)) local lang_template = frame:expandTemplate{title = 'ep', args = {non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["TEMPLATE"]}} table.insert(layout, string.format(non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["LINE2"], lang_template)) local language_code_link = lang_module._name_from_tag({language_code, link="yes", label=language_code}) local example_default_text = string.format(non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["EXAMPLE_DEFAULT_TEXT"], language_name) local example_text = args.example or example_default_text local lang_template_example = frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Tl', args = {non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["TEMPLATE"], language_code_link, example_text}} local lang_x = mw.title.makeTitle(10, "Lang-" .. language_code) local line3_extra = "" if lang_x.exists then local lang_x_template_example = frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Tl', args = {lang_x.text, example_text}} local lang_x_template = frame:expandTemplate{title = lang_x.text, args = {example_text}} line3_extra = string.format(non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["LINE3_EXTRA"], lang_x_template_example, lang_x_template) end table.insert(layout, string.format(non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["LINE3"], lang_template_example, language_code, line3_extra)) local see_also_section = get_see_also_section(page.text, language_name, language_code) local bottom = get_bottom_section(frame, language_name, see_also_section, non_tigrinya_language_text_strings["PARENT_CATEGORY"]) return table.concat(layout, "\n\n") .. bottom end --[[ -------------------------- < N O N _ E N G L I S H _ L A N G U A G E _ S O U R C E S _ C A T E G O R Y > -------------------------- NOT IMPLEMENTED FOR tiwiki {{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|non_english_language_sources_category}} This function implements {{Non-English-language sources category}}. ]] local non_english_language_sources_strings = { ["LINE1"] = "This is a tracking category for articles that use %s to identify %s sources.", ["PARENT_CATEGORY"] = "[[Category:Articles with non-English-language sources]]", ["TEMPLATE"] = "In lang", } local function non_english_language_sources_category(frame) local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArguments(frame) -- args.test is used for /testcases if args.test then page = mw.title.new(args.test) end local page_title = page.text local language_code = page_title:match('%(([%a%-]+)%)') local language_name = require('Module:Lang')._name_from_tag({language_code}) local layout = {} table.insert(layout, get_hidden_category_template(frame)) local parent_category = non_english_language_sources_strings["PARENT_CATEGORY"] local correct_language_category_title = require('Module:In lang')._in_lang({language_code, ["list-cats"]="yes"}) if correct_language_category_title == "" then -- Error: No category title found for language code. return make_error(string.format(error_messages["NO_CATEGORY_TITLE_FOUND"], language_code), layout, parent_category, args.nocat) end local current_category_title = page.prefixedText if correct_language_category_title ~= current_category_title then -- Error: The current title used is not in the supported format. return make_error( string.format(error_messages["INCORRECT_CATEGORY_TITLE"], current_category_title, non_english_language_sources_strings["TEMPLATE"], correct_language_category_title), layout, parent_category, args.nocat) end local language_link = get_language_link(language_name, language_code) local text = string.format(non_english_language_sources_strings["LINE1"], frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Tlx', args = {non_english_language_sources_strings["TEMPLATE"], language_code}}, language_link) table.insert(layout, get_top_section(frame)) table.insert(layout, text) local see_also_section = get_see_also_section(page_title, language_name, language_code) local bottom = get_bottom_section(frame, language_name, see_also_section, parent_category) return table.concat(layout, "\n\n") .. bottom end --[[ -------------------------- < N O N _ E N G L I S H _ L A N G U A G E _ C S 1 _ S O U R C E S _ C A T E G O R Y > -------------------------- NOT IMPLEMENTED FOR tiwiki {{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|non_english_language_cs1_sources_category}} This function implements {{Non-English-language CS1 sources category}}. ]] local non_english_language_cs1_text_strings = { ["LINE1"] = "This is a tracking category for [[WP:CS1|CS1 citations]] that use the parameter %s to identify a source in [[%s language|%s]]. Pages in this category should only be added by CS1 templates and [[Módulo:Citation/CS1]].", ["PARENT_CATEGORY"] = "[[Category:CS1 foreign language sources]]", -- #TODO change to "Articles with non-english CS1 language sources" or "CS1 non-English language sources" } --"This is a tracking category for [[WP:CS1|CS1 citations]] that use the parameter %s to hold a citation title that uses %s characters and contains the language prefix <code>%s:</code>. Pages in this category should only be added by CS1 templates and [[Module:Citation/CS1]].", --"[[Category:CS1 uses foreign language script]]", -- "This is a tracking category for [[WP:CS1|CS1 citations]] that use the parameter %s. Pages in this category should only be added by CS1 templates and [[Module:Citation/CS1]].", -- "to identify a source in [[%s language|%s]].", -- "to hold a citation title that uses %s characters and contains the language prefix <code>%s:</code>.", local function non_english_language_cs1_sources_category(frame) local page_title_object = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local page_title = page_title_object.text local language_code = page_title:match('%(([%a%-]+)%)') local language_name = require('Module:Lang')._name_from_tag({language_code}) local layout = {} table.insert(layout, get_hidden_category_template(frame)) local see_also_section = "" local parameter_doc = frame:expandTemplate{title = 'para', args = {"language", language_code}} table.insert(layout, get_top_section(frame)) table.insert(layout, string.format(non_english_language_cs1_text_strings["LINE1"], parameter_doc, language_name, language_name)) local see_also_section = get_see_also_section(page_title, language_name, language_code) local bottom = get_bottom_section(frame, language_name, see_also_section, non_english_language_cs1_text_strings["PARENT_CATEGORY"]) return table.concat(layout, "\n\n") .. bottom end --[[ -------------------------- < T E S T _ C A S E S _ S H A R E D _ C O D E > -------------------------- ]] local function compare_by_keys2(a, b) -- local function used by table.sort() return a[2] < b[2] -- ascending sort by code end local function compare_by_keys(a, b) -- local function used by table.sort() return a[1] < b[1] -- ascending sort by code end -- Used by testcases_iso_code_to_name() local function get_language_code_table_from_code(args) local entry = {} --if args.override_table[args.language_code] then -- table.insert(entry, args.override_table[args.language_code][1]) -- :gsub(' %b()$', '') fails here --else table.insert(entry, args.language_code) -- end return entry end -- Used by testcases_name_from_tag() local function get_language_code_and_name_table_from_code(args) local entry = {} if args.override_table[args.language_code] then table.insert(entry, args.language_code) local language_code, _ = args.override_table[args.language_code][1]:gsub(' %b()$', '') table.insert(entry, language_code) else table.insert(entry, args.language_code) table.insert(entry, args.language_table[args.language_code]) end return entry end -- Used by testcases_category_from_tag() local function get_language_code_and_category_table_from_code(args) local entry = {} table.insert(entry, args.language_code) table.insert(entry, args.test_function({args.language_code})) return entry end -- Used by testcases_iso_name_to_code() and testcases_tag_from_name() local function get_language_name_and_code_table_from_code(args) local entry = {} if args.override_table[args.language_code] then table.insert(entry, args.override_table[args.language_code][1]) -- only the first name when there are multiples table.insert(entry, args.language_code) else table.insert(entry, args.language_names[1]) -- only the first name when there are multiples table.insert(entry, args.language_code) end return entry end local function get_table(table_function, language_table, length, range, iso_number, test_function) local table_of_language_name_and_code_tables = {} local override_table_name = "override" if iso_number then override_table_name = "override_" .. iso_number end -- It remains empty, it depends on a non-existent module <FUTURE> local override_table = {}; --require("Module:Language/data/ISO_639_override/sandbox")[override_table_name] -- For most ISO 639s. if range then for language_code, language_names in pairs(language_table) do if language_code:find(range) then table.insert(table_of_language_name_and_code_tables, table_function({ override_table = override_table, language_code = language_code, language_names = language_names, test_function = test_function, language_table = language_table })) end end -- For ISO 639-1. elseif length then for language_code, language_names in pairs(language_table) do if language_code:len() == 2 then table.insert(table_of_language_name_and_code_tables, table_function({ override_table = override_table, language_code = language_code, language_names = language_names, test_function = test_function, language_table = language_table })) end end -- For general /testcases. else for language_code, language_names in pairs(language_table) do table.insert(table_of_language_name_and_code_tables, table_function({ override_table = override_table, language_code = language_code, language_names = language_names, test_function = test_function, language_table = language_table })) end end return table_of_language_name_and_code_tables end local function get_undabbed_table(language_list, length, range) local undabbed_language_table = {} -- for this test, ISO 639-3 language name disambiguators must be removed; un-dabbed names go here for language_code, language_names in pairs(language_list) do -- For most ISO 639s. if range then if language_code:find(range) then undabbed_language_table[language_code] = language_names[1]:gsub(' %b()$', '') -- undab and save only the first name; ignore all other names assigned to a code end -- For ISO 639-1. elseif length then if language_code:len() == 2 then undabbed_language_table[language_code] = language_names[1]:gsub(' %b()$', '') -- undab and save only the first name; ignore all other names assigned to a code end -- For general /testcases. else undabbed_language_table[language_code] = language_names[1]:gsub(' %b()$', '') end end return undabbed_language_table end local function merge_tables(table_1, table_2) --table 1 takes precedence merged_table = {} for code, names in pairs(table_1) do if table_2[code] then merged_table[code] = table_2[code] else merged_table[code] = names end end return merged_table end --[[ -------------------------- < T E S T C A S E S _ C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G > -------------------------- Entry point for the various category_from_tag testcases. Build a table of test patterns where each entry in the table is a table with two members: {"<language_code>", "<category name according to Module:Lang>"} - "Expected" column value is the category name according to Module:Lang. - "Actual" column value is the result of {{#invoke:Lang/sandbox|category_from_tag|<language_code>}}. TODO: Currently not working. ]] local function testcases_category_from_tag(self, args) local cat_from_tag_function = require('Module:Lang')._category_from_tag local language_tables = get_table(get_language_code_and_category_table_from_code, args.language_list, args.length, args.range, args.iso_number, cat_from_tag_function) table.sort(language_tables, compare_by_keys) self:preprocess_equals_preprocess_many( '{{#invoke:Lang/sandbox|category_from_tag|', '}}', '', '', language_tables, {nowiki=false} ) end --[[ -------------------------- < T E S T C A S E S _ N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G > -------------------------- Entry point for the various name_from_tag testcases. Build a table of test patterns where each entry in the table is a table with two members: {"<language_code>", "<language_name>"} - "Expected" column value is the <language_name>. - "Actual" column value is the result of sandbox version {{#invoke:Lang/sandbox|name_from_tag|<language_code>}}. ]] local function testcases_name_from_tag(self, args) --local merged = merge_tables(args.language_list, args.language_list_translated) local undabbed_language_table = get_undabbed_table(args.language_list, args.length, args.range, nil) local language_tables = get_table(get_language_code_and_name_table_from_code, undabbed_language_table, args.length, args.range) table.sort(language_tables, compare_by_keys) self:preprocess_equals_preprocess_many( '{{#invoke:Lang/sandbox|name_from_tag|', '}}', '', '', language_tables, {nowiki=false} ) end --[[ -------------------------- < T E S T C A S E S _ T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E > -------------------------- Entry point for the various tag_from_name testcases. Build a table of test patterns where each entry in the table is a table with two members: {"<language_name>", "<language_code>"} - "Expected" column value is the <language_code>. - "Actual" column value is the result of sandbox version {{#invoke:Lang/sandbox|tag_from_name|<language_name>}}. TODO: Currently not working. ]] local function testcases_tag_from_name(self, args) local language_tables = get_table(get_language_name_and_code_table_from_code, args.language_list, args.length, args.range, args.iso_number, nil) table.sort(language_tables, compare_by_keys2) local ordered_table = {} table.sort(unordered_table) for _, key in ipairs(unordered_table) do table.insert(ordered_table, {key, reverse_table[key]}) end self:preprocess_equals_preprocess_many( '{{#invoke:Lang/sandbox|tag_from_name|', '}}', '', '', language_tables, {nowiki=false} ) end --[[ -------------------------- < T E S T C A S E S _ I S O _ C O D E _ T O _ N A M E > -------------------------- Entry point for the various iso_code_to_name testcases. Build a table of test patterns where each entry in the table is a table with one member: {"<language_code>"} - "Expected" column value is the result of the live version of {{#invoke:ISO 639 name|iso_639_name_to_code|<language_code>}}. - "Actual" column value is the result of sandbox version {{#invoke:ISO 639 name/sandbox|iso_639_name_to_code|<language_code>}}. ]] local function testcases_iso_code_to_name(self, args) local language_tables = get_table(get_language_code_table_from_code, args.language_list, args.length, args.range, args.iso_number, nil) table.sort(language_tables, compare_by_keys) self:preprocess_equals_preprocess_many( '{{#invoke:ISO 639 name/sandbox|iso_639_code_to_name|link=yes|', '}}', '{{#invoke:ISO 639 name|iso_639_code_to_name|link=yes|', '}}', language_tables, {nowiki=false} ) end --[[ -------------------------- < T E S T C A S E S _ I S O _ N A M E _ T O _ C O D E > -------------------------- Entry point for the various iso_name_to_code testcases. Build a table of test patterns where each entry in the table is a table with two members: {"<language_name>", "<language_code>"} - "Expected" column value is the <language_code>. - "Actual" column is value the result of {{#invoke:ISO 639 name/sandbox|iso_639_name_to_code|<language_name>}}. ]] local function testcases_iso_name_to_code(self, args) local language_tables = get_table(get_language_name_and_code_table_from_code, args.language_list, args.length, args.range, args.iso_number, nil) table.sort(language_tables, compare_by_keys2) self:preprocess_equals_preprocess_many( '{{#invoke:ISO 639 name/sandbox|iso_639_name_to_code|2=' .. args.iso_number .. "|", '}}', '', '', language_tables, {nowiki=false} ) end --[[ -------------------------- < E X P O R T E D _ F U N C T I O N S > -------------------------- ]] return { lang_xx_settings = lang_xx_settings, uses_module = uses_module, non_tigrinya_language_text_category = non_tigrinya_language_text_category, non_english_language_sources_category = non_english_language_sources_category, non_english_language_cs1_sources_category = non_english_language_cs1_sources_category, -- Module:Lang (testcases) testcases_category_from_tag = testcases_category_from_tag, testcases_name_from_tag = testcases_name_from_tag, testcases_tag_from_name = testcases_tag_from_name, -- Módulo:ISO 639 (testcases) NOT EXISTING IN tiwiki testcases_iso_code_to_name = testcases_iso_code_to_name, testcases_iso_name_to_code = testcases_iso_name_to_code, } nusmsn5jt8qg5xpnrqkai1kigeuws4o 10 5670 22560 2021-04-13T19:44:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}[[Category:Wikipedia:Pages which use a template in place of a magic word]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}[[Category:Wikipedia:Pages which use a template in place of a magic word]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> euacnrne7evd6ne87id1mt8wu4me2r1 10 5671 22579 22561 2021-04-13T23:19:33Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__ == ኣጠቓቕማ == {{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|lang_xx_settings|template={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} እዚ ሞደል ቋንቋ {{((}}'''{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}'''{{))}} እዚ ንጽሑፋት {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ሞደል:Lang-x/doc|ብቋንቋ ወጻኢ |ብቋንቋ {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|link=yes|{{#invoke:String|sub|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|6}}}}}} ይልለ። እቲ ዜድሊ መለክዒ እታ ቃል ወይ ሓረግ ጥራይ እዩ። እዚ ሞደል እዚ ብሓፈሻ ድሕሪ እቲ ብትግርኛ ትርጉም ቃል ወይ ሓረግ ክቕመጥ ኣለዎ። == ብተወሳኺ ርኣይ == * {{tl|Lang}} <includeonly> <!-- ኣብዚ መደባት --> {{#ifeq:0 |{{#ifexist:ISO 639:{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|5}}|0|1}} |[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Lang-x|{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ሞደል:Lang%-([a-z%-]+)$|nomatch=}}]] |{{#if:{{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|uses_module|template={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት Lang-x|{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ሞደል:Lang%-([a-z%-]+)$|nomatch=}}]]|<!--[[Category:Lang-x templates with other than ISO 639]]-->}} }} </includeonly> <noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ምስናድ]]</noinclude> a1aglpfwzs0og5acidyqkmoke2tejy4 10 5672 22562 2021-04-13T20:44:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Lang-x/doc]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Lang-x/doc]] o5j7y57lher1q1dfw37kg889ytlkyba 828 5673 22563 2021-04-13T21:03:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data'); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables local lang_name_table = lang_data....» Scribunto text/plain local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data'); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables local lang_name_table = lang_data.lang_name_table; -- language codes, names, regions, scripts, suppressed scripts local lang_table = lang_name_table.lang; -- language codes, names local lang_dep_table = lang_name_table.lang_dep; -- deprecated language codes, names local lang_ti_table = lang_name_table.lang_ti; -- language codes, names local lang_ti_dep_table = lang_name_table.lang_ti_dep; -- deprecated language codes, names local override_table = lang_data.override; local rev_lang_table = {}; -- same as lang_table reversed so language name is key and language tag is value local rev_lang_dep_table = {}; -- same as lang_dep_table reversed so language name is key and language tag is value local rev_lang_ti_table = {}; -- same as lang_table reversed so language name is key and language tag is value local rev_lang_ti_dep_table = {}; -- same as lang_dep_table reversed so language name is key and language tag is value local rev_override_table = {}; -- same as override_table except reversed local dedabbed_names_list = {}; -- holds a list of dedabbed name and tags --[[--------------------------< R E V _ L I S T _ A D D >------------------------------------------------------ local function to add <name> (key) and <tag> (value) pair to <rev_list> <name>/<tag> pairs where <tag> is ISO 639-1, overwrite all other <name>/<tag> pairs. When creating overrides, take care that the <name> is properly disambiguated to avoid improper masking ]] local function rev_list_add (rev_list, name, tag) if rev_list[name] then -- if already in <rev_list> if 2 == tag:len() then -- is this is a 2-characater code? rev_list[name] = tag; -- yes, overwrite 3-characater language <name> and <tag> pair in <rev_list> end else -- here when not yet in <rev_list> rev_list[name] = tag; -- add language <name> and <tag> (value) pair to <rev_list> end end --[[--------------------------< D E D A B B E D _ N A M E S _ L I S T _ A D D >-------------------------------- adds <name>/<tag> pairs to the dedabbed_names_list when <name> not already present. When <name> is present in the list, unsets the listed <tag> to empty string; cannot have different <name>/<tag> pairs where the table key (<name>) is shared with another <name>/<tag> pair. ]] local function dedabbed_names_list_add (dab, name, tag) if 0 ~= dab then -- if dab was removed if dedabbed_names_list[name] then -- if this dedabbed name is in the table then there are more than one name with different dabs dedabbed_names_list[name] = ''; -- unset but not too unset else dedabbed_names_list[name] = tag; -- add name / tag pair in case this the only dedabbed name end end end --[[--------------------------< D E D A B B E D _ T O _ R E V _ L I S T _ A D D >------------------------------ adds <name>/<tag> pairs to specified <rev_list> when <tag> is not empty string ]] local function dedabbed_to_rev_list_add (rev_list, name, tag) for name, tag in pairs (dedabbed_names_list) do -- add dedabbed <name>/<tag> pairs to the reversed table if '' ~= tag then -- when <name>/<tag> has not been unset because of multiple dabs rev_list_add (rev_list, name, tag); -- add end end end --[[--------------------------< T A G - F R O M - N A M E D A T A >------------------------------------------ Creates tag-from-name tables from the data in Module:Lang/data so that templates can get language tags from the same names as the {{lang}} templates get from those tags. The conversion prefers ISO 639-1 codes. Data in these tables are used by tag_from_name() in Module:Lang When <name> is disambiguated, will create an additional <name> entry without the dab as long as that action won't conflict with actual undabbed names in the source. <name> without dab is always added to the list; this rule arises because of the three Marwari language code/name pairs: mwr: Marwari -– not dabbed these will not have dedabbed entries because of mwr rwr: Marwari (India) mve: Marwari (Pakistan) These all share the same base name so there will not not be an dedabbed entry: ["yaka"] = "axk", -- this would be wrong for two of these languages ["yaka (central african republic)"] = "axk", ["yaka (congo)"] = "iyx", ["yaka (democratic republic of congo)"] = "yaf", Say that we find "axk". It has a dab so we add the dabbed form to rev_lang_table{}. Then we look in dedabbed_names_list{} to see if ["yaka"] is already there. It's not, so we add this: ["yaka"] = "axk", Later we find "yaf". It has a dab so we add the dabbed form to rev_lang_table{}. Then we look in dedabbed_names_list{} to see if ["yaka"] is already there. It is, so that means that more than one language code could create an dedabbed language name key; there can be only one. Because ["yaka"] is already in the dedabbed_names_list{} table we unset the ["yaka"] entry to empty string: ["yaka"] = '', later we find "iyx" and add it to rev_lang_table{}. We look in dedabbed_names_list{} and find ["yaka"] has been unset to empty string so do nothing. When done adding names/codes to rev_lang_table{}, spin through dedabbed_names_list{} and add all non-empty-string name/code pairs to rev_lang_table{}. This does not catch things like overrides ["pa"] = "Punjabi" and ["pnb"] = "Punjabi". "pa" and "pnb" are not synonyms but because the names are the same, will be treated like synonyms ("pnb" promotes to "pa"). To avoid this, disambiguate the override: ["pnb"] = {"Punjabi"} -> ["pnb"] = {"Punjabi (Western)"} ]] for tag, name_table in pairs (lang_table) do if not override_table[tag] then -- only add names/tags from name_table when tag not present in override table local name_raw = mw.ustring.lower(name_table[1]); -- there can be multiple names, always take the first name; may have disambiguation local name, dab = name_raw:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them; <dab> non-zero when disambiguation removed rev_list_add (rev_lang_table, name_raw, tag); -- add no-dab-names and names-with-dab here dedabbed_names_list_add (dab, name, tag); -- add to dedabbed_names_list if dabbed end end dedabbed_to_rev_list_add (rev_lang_table, name, tag); -- add dedabbed name/tag pairs to the reversed table dedabbed_names_list = {}; for tag, name_table in pairs (lang_ti_table) do if not override_table[tag] then -- only add names/tags from name_table when tag not present in override table local name_raw = mw.ustring.lower(name_table[1]); -- there can be multiple names, always take the first name; may have disambiguation local name, dab = name_raw:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them; <dab> non-zero when disambiguation removed rev_list_add (rev_lang_ti_table, name_raw, tag); -- add no-dab-names and names-with-dab here dedabbed_names_list_add (dab, name, tag); -- add to dedabbed_names_list if dabbed end end dedabbed_to_rev_list_add (rev_lang_ti_table, name, tag); -- add dedabbed name/tag pairs to the reversed table dedabbed_names_list = {}; -- reset list of dedabbed names for tag, name_table in pairs (lang_dep_table) do if not override_table[tag] then -- only add names/tags from name_table when tag not present in override table local name_raw = mw.ustring.lower(name_table[1]); -- there can be multiple names, always take the first name; may have disambiguation local name, dab = name_raw:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them; <dab> non-zero when disambiguation removed rev_list_add (rev_lang_dep_table, name_raw, tag); -- add no-dab-names and names-with-dab here dedabbed_names_list_add (dab, name, tag); -- add to dedabbed_names_list if dabbed end end dedabbed_to_rev_list_add (rev_lang_dep_table, name, tag); -- add dedabbed name/tag pairs to the reversed table dedabbed_names_list = {}; -- reset list of dedabbed names for tag, name_table in pairs (lang_ti_dep_table) do if not override_table[tag] then -- only add names/tags from name_table when tag not present in override table local name_raw = mw.ustring.lower(name_table[1]); -- there can be multiple names, always take the first name; may have disambiguation local name, dab = name_raw:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them; <dab> non-zero when disambiguation removed rev_list_add (rev_lang_ti_dep_table, name_raw, tag); -- add no-dab-names and names-with-dab here dedabbed_names_list_add (dab, name, tag); -- add to dedabbed_names_list if dabbed end end dedabbed_to_rev_list_add (rev_lang_ti_dep_table, name, tag); -- add dedabbed name/tag pairs to the reversed table dedabbed_names_list = {}; -- reset list of dedabbed names for tag, name_table in pairs (override_table) do local name_raw = mw.ustring.lower(name_table[1]); -- there can be multiple names, always take the first name local name, dab = name_raw:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them rev_list_add (rev_override_table, name_raw, tag); dedabbed_names_list_add (dab, name, tag); -- add to dedabbed_names_list if dabbed end dedabbed_to_rev_list_add (rev_override_table, name, tag); -- add dedabbed name/tag pairs to the reversed table dedabbed_names_list = {}; -- reset list --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D T A B L E S >------------------------------------------------ ]] return { rev_lang_table = rev_lang_table, rev_lang_dep_table = rev_lang_dep_table, rev_lang_ti_table = rev_lang_ti_table, rev_lang_ti_dep_table = rev_lang_ti_dep_table, rev_override_table = rev_override_table, } m8sk6odv1j3bk86lnl5wdja6uhwlm1q 828 5674 23610 23515 2022-05-09T08:36:40Z Joanmp14 5782 add sg Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2021-02-13 local active = { ["aa"] = {"ዓፋር"}, ["af"] = {"ኣፍሪካንስ"}, ["ak"] = {"ኣካን"}, ["am"] = {"ኣምሓርኛ"}, ["ar"] = {"ዓረብኛ", "ዓረብ"}, ["as"] = {"ኣሳሜዝኛ"}, ["az"] = {"ኣዘርባጃንኛ"}, ["bs"] = {"ቦዝንኛ"}, ["ca"] = {"ካታላን"}, ["cs"] = {"ቸክኛ", "ቸክ"}, ["cy"] = {"ዌልስኛ"}, ["da"] = {"ዳኒሽ"}, ["de"] = {"ጀርመንኛ", "ጀርመን"}, ["el"] = {"ግሪኽኛ", "ጽርኢ"}, ["en"] = {"እንግሊዝኛ"}, ["eo"] = {"ኤስፐራንቶ"}, ["es"] = {"ስጳንኛ", "ስፓኒሽ"}, ["eu"] = {"ባስክኛ"}, ["fa"] = {"ፋርስኛ"}, ["fi"] = {"ፊንላንድኛ"}, ["fr"] = {"ፈረንሳይኛ"}, ["fy"] = {"ምዕራብ ፍሪስኛ", "ምዕራባዊ ፍሪስኛ"}, ["gn"] = {"ጓራኒ"}, ["he"] = {"እብራይስጢ"}, ["hi"] = {"ሂንዲ"}, ["ht"] = {"ክርዮል ሃይትኛ"}, ["hy"] = {"ኣርሜንኛ"}, ["id"] = {"ኢንዶነዥኛ"}, ["is"] = {"ኣይስላንድኛ"}, ["it"] = {"ጥልያን"}, ["ja"] = {"ጃፓንኛ"}, ["jv"] = {"ጃቫንኛ"}, ["ka"] = {"ጆርጅያንኛ"}, ["km"] = {"ክመር"}, ["ko"] = {"ኮርይኛ"}, ["ku"] = {"ኩርዲሽ"}, ["ky"] = {"ኪርጊዝኛ"}, ["la"] = {"ላቲን"}, ["lb"] = {"ሉክሰምበርግኛ"}, ["lv"] = {"ላትቭኛ"}, ["mg"] = {"ማላጋሲ"}, ["mk"] = {"መቄዶንኛ"}, ["ms"] = {"ማላይኛ"}, ["mt"] = {"ማልትኛ"}, ["ne"] = {"ኔፓሊ"}, ["nl"] = {"ዳች"}, ["om"] = {"ኦሮሞ", "ኦሮሞኛ"}, ["pl"] = {"ፖሊሽ", "ፖላንድኛ"}, ["ps"] = {"ፓሽቶ"}, ["pt"] = {"ፖርቱጊዝኛ"}, ["rm"] = {"ሮማንሽ"}, ["ro"] = {"ሩማንኛ"}, ["ru"] = {"ሩስኛ"}, ["rw"] = {"ኪንያርዋንዳ"}, ["sg"] = {"ሳንጎ"}, ["so"] = {"ሶማሊ", "ሶማልኛ"}, ["sv"] = {"ስዊድንኛ"}, ["sw"] = {"ስዋሂሊ"}, ["ti"] = {"ትግርኛ"}, ["to"] = {"ቶንጋንኛ"}, ["tr"] = {"ቱርክኛ"}, ["tt"] = {"ታታር"}, ["uk"] = {"ዩክሬንኛ"}, ["vi"] = {"ቬትናምኛ"}, ["yi"] = {"ይሁድኛ", "ዪዲሽ"}, ["zh"] = {"ቻይንኛ"}, ["arb"] = {"ዘመናዊ ምዱብ ዓረብኛ", "ዘመናዊ ምዱብ ዓረብ"}, ["arc"] = {"ኣራማይስጢ"}, ["cmn"] = {"ማንዳሪን ቻይንኛ"}, ["cnr"] = {"ሞንተኔግርኛ"}, ["dsb"] = {"ታሕተዋይ ሶርብኛ"}, ["fil"] = {"ፊሊፒንኛ"}, ["nds"] = {"ትሑት ጀርመንኛ", "ትሑት ጀርመን"}, ["prs"] = {"ዳሪ"}, ["sem"] = {"ሴማዊ ቋንቋታት"}, } local deprecated = { ["yri"] = {"ያሪ"}, } return { active = active, deprecated = deprecated, } 2nrptaaahzs60mg4hb6ftwp8ifluvq5 10 5675 22570 2021-04-13T21:32:09Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr: {{{2|0}}} < 0 |{{{1}}} |{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr: {{{2|0}}}+1 > {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|len|s={{{1}}}...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr: {{{2|0}}} < 0 |{{{1}}} |{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr: {{{2|0}}}+1 > {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|len|s={{{1}}}}} | | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#Invoke:String|sub|s={{{1}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{2|0}}}+1}}|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}}} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> f0ndymy7lhutxw4gu92f2q0muzynfx6 10 5676 22572 22571 2021-04-13T21:57:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Getlang]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{1}}} |am = ኣምሓርኛ |en = እንግሊዝኛ |ti = ትግርኛ |tr = ቱርክኛ |#default = <span class="error" style="font-size:90%">ኣብቲ ሞደል ዘይተገልጸ ቋንቋ {{tl|getlang}}።</span> }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 53x7ld66ra81v825fmv9aqi1tlk6yw6 10 5677 22574 22573 2021-04-13T22:05:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ብቋንቋ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="color:#555;">{{#if: {{{1|}}} | (ብ{{{2|{{#iferror: {{getlang|{{{1}}}}} | {{{1}}} | {{getlang|{{{1}}}}} }}}}}) | <span style="font-size:90%;" class="error">እንተ ወሓደ ሓደ ቋንቋ ግለጽ።</span> }}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6eggwru7baiwboohlquz8vvvpr4u9mh 10 5678 22575 2021-04-13T22:07:02Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ብቋንቋ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ብቋንቋ]] asvfmrfckw0n52fvhmfpomf14394tpz 10 5679 22576 2021-04-13T22:10:25Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ብቋንቋ|tr|ቱርክኛ}}<noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ቋንቋታት ሃገር]] </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ብቋንቋ|tr|ቱርክኛ}}<noinclude> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ቋንቋታት ሃገር]] </noinclude> q49m0qsxes4nwl7s0zook76is9lya35 10 5680 23053 22587 2021-08-23T00:08:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ምሕጻር]] to [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki <abbr {{#if:{{{class|{{{ዓይነት|}}}}}}|class="{{{class|{{{ዓይነት|}}}}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{{2|}}}}}">{{#switch: {{{3|}}} | u | unicode | Unicode | ዩኒኮድ = {{ unicode |{{{1|}}}}} | i | IPA = {{ IPA |{{{1|}}}}} | {{{1|}}} }}</abbr><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rtsrpw988zbfilexk3ce5xx7mmha0gg 10 5681 23073 22583 2021-08-27T00:49:44Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] 32jd2utrsrne6haesldr4ygci3qeqc9 10 5682 23072 22584 2021-08-27T00:49:39Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] 32jd2utrsrne6haesldr4ygci3qeqc9 10 5683 23070 22585 2021-08-27T00:49:24Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] 32jd2utrsrne6haesldr4ygci3qeqc9 10 5684 23071 22586 2021-08-27T00:49:34Z Xqbot 654 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] 32jd2utrsrne6haesldr4ygci3qeqc9 10 5685 23057 23055 2021-08-23T00:11:53Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === <pre>{{ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል|ው.ጥ.ዓ.|ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም}}</pre> ከም {{ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል|ው.ጥ.ዓ.|ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም}} ይርአ። === ምምሕልላፋት === * {{tiw|Abbr}} * {{tiw|Tooltip}} * {{tiw|ኣሕጽሮት}} * {{tiw|ምሕጻረ ቃል}} <includeonly> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ቅርጺ ጽሑፍ]] </includeonly> l6j1npkfb8q4thtce6ryniqpcb2nz1j 10 5686 22589 2021-04-14T00:47:59Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly><span style="font-family:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{font|}}} |{{{font}}}|sans-serif}};font-size:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{size|}}} |{{{size...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span style="font-family:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{font|}}} |{{{font}}}|sans-serif}};font-size:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{size|}}} |{{{size}}}|100%}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{color|}}} |color:{{{color}}}|color:black}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{bgcolor|}}} |background-color:{{{bgcolor}}}|background-color:transparent}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{title|}}} |title:{{{title}}}|}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{css|}}} |{{{css}}}|}}">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{1|}}} |{{{1}}}|{{{text}}}}}</span></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> i1bbj2sg10gw4vizcbvb6jhvpkkyzvf 10 5687 22590 2021-04-14T00:48:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Font]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Font]] nvj067bxtr7ke1cwk3074zki6vfdk4p 828 5688 22592 2021-04-14T20:21:54Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «local i = {}; function i.HTMLDecode(frame) return mw.text.decode(frame.args["text"]); end return i;» Scribunto text/plain local i = {}; function i.HTMLDecode(frame) return mw.text.decode(frame.args["text"]); end return i; 1pb4wohcw9zqxuifnyt70g6czahlqv8 14 5689 22593 2021-04-14T21:20:44Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «ሞደላት "Lang-x" ንኣንባቢ ሓንቲ ቃል ወይ ሓረግ ብካልእ ቋንቋ ከም ዘላ ንምግላጽ የገልግሉ እዮም።...» wikitext text/x-wiki ሞደላት "Lang-x" ንኣንባቢ ሓንቲ ቃል ወይ ሓረግ ብካልእ ቋንቋ ከም ዘላ ንምግላጽ የገልግሉ እዮም። እቲ "x" ኮድ ቋንቋ የመልክት፣ ከም ንኣብነት፦ {{tl|Lang-ru}}። 0kfupivn98jvltvoyd6wvc21w92p2rz 10 5690 22596 22595 2021-04-14T22:14:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Lang-en]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=en }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude> rmtrlguwdnv89cto0y2wqf6cusdzuy5 10 5691 22598 2021-04-14T22:24:14Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=ru }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|ሞደል:Lang-x/doc}} መደብ:ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሞ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=ru }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|ሞደል:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude><!-- {{langWithName|ru|ሩስኛ|{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ሩስኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude>--> 4n0elgt1d6y986iszoqacxh52dqdowq 10 5692 22600 2021-04-14T23:03:27Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=es }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=es }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude> 4mjffh7mpqfij8wj6o7cnsq97tam7r7 10 5693 22601 2021-04-14T23:06:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=nl }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} መደብ:ቋንቋ ዳች|ሞደ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=nl }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ዳች|ሞደል]] </noinclude> g3jscholqqrof0czo21dg1rojhjlado 10 5694 22611 22609 2021-04-15T02:06:39Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{disp|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{disp|}}}|—|—}}{{#ifeq:{{{disp|}}}|[|[}}|(}}{{#if: {{{v2|}}} | ←<span style="font-color:#333">{{{v2}}}</span>{{#ifexist: ቋንቋ {{{v2_ቋንቋ}}} | _{([[ቋንቋ {{{v2_ቋንቋ}}}|{{{v2_ቋንቋ}}}]])} | _{([[{{{1}}}]])}}}}}{{#if: {{{v1|}}} | ←<span style="font-color:#333">{{{v1}}}</span>{{#ifexist: ቋንቋ {{{v1_ቋንቋ|}}} | _{([[ቋንቋ {{{v1_ቋንቋ}}}|{{{v1_ቋንቋ}}}]])} | _{([[{{{1}}}]])}}}}}{{#if: {{{v1|}}} | ← |ብ{{#ifexist: ቋንቋ {{lc:{{{1}}}}} | [[ቋንቋ {{lc:{{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}]] | [[{{{1}}}]] }}፦ }} {{#if: {{{2|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|ትግርኛ|{{{2}}}|''{{{2}}}''}}}}{{#if: {{{ኣደማምጻ|}}} | &nbsp;/{{{ኣደማምጻ}}}/}}{{#if: {{{v1|}}} | _{({{#ifexist: ቋንቋ {{{1}}} | [[ቋንቋ {{{1}}}|<span style="font-color:#808080">{{{1}}}</span>]] | [[{{{1}}}]]}})}}}{{#if: {{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}|{{#if: {{{2|}}} |፣}}&nbsp;}}{{ #if: {{{3|}}} | <span style="font-color:#333">‘{{{3}}}’{{#if: {{{4|}}}፣}}</span>}}{{#if: {{{4|}}} | <span style="font-color:#2F4F4F>''‘{{{4}}}’''</span>}}{{#if:{{{disp|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{disp|}}}|—|—}}{{#ifeq:{{{disp|}}}|[|]}}|)}}{{#ifeq:{{{ሓገዝ|}}}|no||{{#ifeq:{{{ሓገዝ|}}}||^{[[Wikipedia:ፍልቀተ ቃላት|<span style="font-color:#2F4F4F; font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;">?</span>]]}|^{[[{{{ሓገዝ}}}|<span style="font-color:#2F4F4F; font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;">?</span>]]}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 0ol276c57q20tj0c3u4lyqanlp8iasw 10 5695 22603 2021-04-14T23:46:02Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] jrsojb03cs0pxl637y3vq5xsgyemtyz 10 5696 22604 2021-04-14T23:46:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] jrsojb03cs0pxl637y3vq5xsgyemtyz 10 5697 22605 2021-04-14T23:47:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] jrsojb03cs0pxl637y3vq5xsgyemtyz 10 5698 22606 2021-04-14T23:48:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] jrsojb03cs0pxl637y3vq5xsgyemtyz 10 5699 22607 2021-04-14T23:48:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ፍልቀተ ቃል]] jrsojb03cs0pxl637y3vq5xsgyemtyz 828 5700 22610 2021-04-15T01:26:20Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «--[=[ -- Official Unicode script values for individual codepoints and ranges of -- codepoints. -- https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt provi...» Scribunto text/plain --[=[ -- Official Unicode script values for individual codepoints and ranges of -- codepoints. -- https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt provided -- the script names, and https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropertyValueAliases.txt -- provided script codes corresponding to the names (see [[Script (Unicode)]]). --]=] local data = { singles = { [0x000AA] = "Latn", [0x000BA] = "Latn", [0x000D7] = "Zyyy", [0x000F7] = "Zyyy", [0x00374] = "Zyyy", [0x0037E] = "Zyyy", [0x0037F] = "Grek", [0x00384] = "Grek", [0x00385] = "Zyyy", [0x00386] = "Grek", [0x00387] = "Zyyy", [0x0038C] = "Grek", [0x00605] = "Zyyy", [0x0060C] = "Zyyy", [0x0061B] = "Zyyy", [0x0061C] = "Arab", [0x0061E] = "Arab", [0x0061F] = "Zyyy", [0x00640] = "Zyyy", [0x00670] = "Zinh", [0x006DD] = "Zyyy", [0x0085E] = "Mand", [0x008E2] = "Zyyy", [0x009B2] = "Beng", [0x009D7] = "Beng", [0x00A3C] = "Guru", [0x00A51] = "Guru", [0x00A5E] = "Guru", [0x00AD0] = "Gujr", [0x00B9C] = "Taml", [0x00BD0] = "Taml", [0x00BD7] = "Taml", [0x00CDE] = "Knda", [0x00DBD] = "Sinh", [0x00DCA] = "Sinh", [0x00DD6] = "Sinh", [0x00E3F] = "Zyyy", [0x00E84] = "Laoo", [0x00EA5] = "Laoo", [0x00EC6] = "Laoo", [0x010C7] = "Geor", [0x010CD] = "Geor", [0x010FB] = "Zyyy", [0x01258] = "Ethi", [0x012C0] = "Ethi", [0x01804] = "Mong", [0x01805] = "Zyyy", [0x01940] = "Limb", [0x01CD3] = "Zyyy", [0x01CE1] = "Zyyy", [0x01CED] = "Zinh", [0x01CF4] = "Zinh", [0x01CFA] = "Zyyy", [0x01D2B] = "Cyrl", [0x01D78] = "Cyrl", [0x01DBF] = "Grek", [0x01F59] = "Grek", [0x01F5B] = "Grek", [0x01F5D] = "Grek", [0x02071] = "Latn", [0x0207F] = "Latn", [0x02126] = "Grek", [0x02132] = "Latn", [0x0214E] = "Latn", [0x02D27] = "Geor", [0x02D2D] = "Geor", [0x02D7F] = "Tfng", [0x03005] = "Hani", [0x03006] = "Zyyy", [0x03007] = "Hani", [0x030A0] = "Zyyy", [0x032FF] = "Zyyy", [0x0A92E] = "Zyyy", [0x0A92F] = "Kali", [0x0A95F] = "Rjng", [0x0A9CF] = "Zyyy", [0x0AB5B] = "Zyyy", [0x0AB65] = "Grek", [0x0FB3E] = "Hebr", [0x0FEFF] = "Zyyy", [0x0FF70] = "Zyyy", [0x101A0] = "Grek", [0x101FD] = "Zinh", [0x102E0] = "Zinh", [0x1039F] = "Ugar", [0x1056F] = "Aghb", [0x10808] = "Cprt", [0x1083C] = "Cprt", [0x1083F] = "Cprt", [0x1091F] = "Phnx", [0x1093F] = "Lydi", [0x1107F] = "Brah", [0x110CD] = "Kthi", [0x11288] = "Mult", [0x1133B] = "Zinh", [0x11350] = "Gran", [0x11357] = "Gran", [0x118FF] = "Wara", [0x11909] = "Diak", [0x11D3A] = "Gonm", [0x11FB0] = "Lisu", [0x11FFF] = "Taml", [0x16FE0] = "Tang", [0x16FE1] = "Nshu", [0x16FE4] = "Kits", [0x1B000] = "Kana", [0x1D4A2] = "Zyyy", [0x1D4BB] = "Zyyy", [0x1D546] = "Zyyy", [0x1E2FF] = "Wcho", [0x1EE24] = "Arab", [0x1EE27] = "Arab", [0x1EE39] = "Arab", [0x1EE3B] = "Arab", [0x1EE42] = "Arab", [0x1EE47] = "Arab", [0x1EE49] = "Arab", [0x1EE4B] = "Arab", [0x1EE54] = "Arab", [0x1EE57] = "Arab", [0x1EE59] = "Arab", [0x1EE5B] = "Arab", [0x1EE5D] = "Arab", [0x1EE5F] = "Arab", [0x1EE64] = "Arab", [0x1EE7E] = "Arab", [0x1F200] = "Hira", [0xE0001] = "Zyyy", }, ranges = { { 0x00000, 0x00040, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00041, 0x0005A, "Latn" }, { 0x0005B, 0x00060, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00061, 0x0007A, "Latn" }, { 0x0007B, 0x000A9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000AB, 0x000B9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000BB, 0x000BF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000C0, 0x000D6, "Latn" }, { 0x000D8, 0x000F6, "Latn" }, { 0x000F8, 0x002B8, "Latn" }, { 0x002B9, 0x002DF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x002E0, 0x002E4, "Latn" }, { 0x002E5, 0x002E9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x002EA, 0x002EB, "Bopo" }, { 0x002EC, 0x002FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00300, 0x0036F, "Zinh" }, { 0x00370, 0x00373, "Grek" }, { 0x00375, 0x00377, "Grek" }, { 0x0037A, 0x0037D, "Grek" }, { 0x00388, 0x0038A, "Grek" }, { 0x0038E, 0x003A1, "Grek" }, { 0x003A3, 0x003E1, "Grek" }, { 0x003E2, 0x003EF, "Copt" }, { 0x003F0, 0x003FF, "Grek" }, { 0x00400, 0x00484, "Cyrl" }, { 0x00485, 0x00486, "Zinh" }, { 0x00487, 0x0052F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x00531, 0x00556, "Armn" }, { 0x00559, 0x0058A, "Armn" }, { 0x0058D, 0x0058F, "Armn" }, { 0x00591, 0x005C7, "Hebr" }, { 0x005D0, 0x005EA, "Hebr" }, { 0x005EF, 0x005F4, "Hebr" }, { 0x00600, 0x00604, "Arab" }, { 0x00606, 0x0060B, "Arab" }, { 0x0060D, 0x0061A, "Arab" }, { 0x00620, 0x0063F, "Arab" }, { 0x00641, 0x0064A, "Arab" }, { 0x0064B, 0x00655, "Zinh" }, { 0x00656, 0x0066F, "Arab" }, { 0x00671, 0x006DC, "Arab" }, { 0x006DE, 0x006FF, "Arab" }, { 0x00700, 0x0070D, "Syrc" }, { 0x0070F, 0x0074A, "Syrc" }, { 0x0074D, 0x0074F, "Syrc" }, { 0x00750, 0x0077F, "Arab" }, { 0x00780, 0x007B1, "Thaa" }, { 0x007C0, 0x007FA, "Nkoo" }, { 0x007FD, 0x007FF, "Nkoo" }, { 0x00800, 0x0082D, "Samr" }, { 0x00830, 0x0083E, "Samr" }, { 0x00840, 0x0085B, "Mand" }, { 0x00860, 0x0086A, "Syrc" }, { 0x008A0, 0x008B4, "Arab" }, { 0x008B6, 0x008C7, "Arab" }, { 0x008D3, 0x008E1, "Arab" }, { 0x008E3, 0x008FF, "Arab" }, { 0x00900, 0x00950, "Deva" }, { 0x00951, 0x00954, "Zinh" }, { 0x00955, 0x00963, "Deva" }, { 0x00964, 0x00965, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00966, 0x0097F, "Deva" }, { 0x00980, 0x00983, "Beng" }, { 0x00985, 0x0098C, "Beng" }, { 0x0098F, 0x00990, "Beng" }, { 0x00993, 0x009A8, "Beng" }, { 0x009AA, 0x009B0, "Beng" }, { 0x009B6, 0x009B9, "Beng" }, { 0x009BC, 0x009C4, "Beng" }, { 0x009C7, 0x009C8, "Beng" }, { 0x009CB, 0x009CE, "Beng" }, { 0x009DC, 0x009DD, "Beng" }, { 0x009DF, 0x009E3, "Beng" }, { 0x009E6, 0x009FE, "Beng" }, { 0x00A01, 0x00A03, "Guru" }, { 0x00A05, 0x00A0A, "Guru" }, { 0x00A0F, 0x00A10, "Guru" }, { 0x00A13, 0x00A28, "Guru" }, { 0x00A2A, 0x00A30, "Guru" }, { 0x00A32, 0x00A33, "Guru" }, { 0x00A35, 0x00A36, "Guru" }, { 0x00A38, 0x00A39, "Guru" }, { 0x00A3E, 0x00A42, "Guru" }, { 0x00A47, 0x00A48, "Guru" }, { 0x00A4B, 0x00A4D, "Guru" }, { 0x00A59, 0x00A5C, "Guru" }, { 0x00A66, 0x00A76, "Guru" }, { 0x00A81, 0x00A83, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A85, 0x00A8D, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A8F, 0x00A91, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A93, 0x00AA8, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AAA, 0x00AB0, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AB2, 0x00AB3, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AB5, 0x00AB9, "Gujr" }, { 0x00ABC, 0x00AC5, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AC7, 0x00AC9, "Gujr" }, { 0x00ACB, 0x00ACD, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AE0, 0x00AE3, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AE6, 0x00AF1, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AF9, 0x00AFF, "Gujr" }, { 0x00B01, 0x00B03, "Orya" }, { 0x00B05, 0x00B0C, "Orya" }, { 0x00B0F, 0x00B10, "Orya" }, { 0x00B13, 0x00B28, "Orya" }, { 0x00B2A, 0x00B30, "Orya" }, { 0x00B32, 0x00B33, "Orya" }, { 0x00B35, 0x00B39, "Orya" }, { 0x00B3C, 0x00B44, "Orya" }, { 0x00B47, 0x00B48, "Orya" }, { 0x00B4B, 0x00B4D, "Orya" }, { 0x00B55, 0x00B57, "Orya" }, { 0x00B5C, 0x00B5D, "Orya" }, { 0x00B5F, 0x00B63, "Orya" }, { 0x00B66, 0x00B77, "Orya" }, { 0x00B82, 0x00B83, "Taml" }, { 0x00B85, 0x00B8A, "Taml" }, { 0x00B8E, 0x00B90, "Taml" }, { 0x00B92, 0x00B95, "Taml" }, { 0x00B99, 0x00B9A, "Taml" }, { 0x00B9E, 0x00B9F, "Taml" }, { 0x00BA3, 0x00BA4, "Taml" }, { 0x00BA8, 0x00BAA, "Taml" }, { 0x00BAE, 0x00BB9, "Taml" }, { 0x00BBE, 0x00BC2, "Taml" }, { 0x00BC6, 0x00BC8, "Taml" }, { 0x00BCA, 0x00BCD, "Taml" }, { 0x00BE6, 0x00BFA, "Taml" }, { 0x00C00, 0x00C0C, "Telu" }, { 0x00C0E, 0x00C10, "Telu" }, { 0x00C12, 0x00C28, "Telu" }, { 0x00C2A, 0x00C39, "Telu" }, { 0x00C3D, 0x00C44, "Telu" }, { 0x00C46, 0x00C48, "Telu" }, { 0x00C4A, 0x00C4D, "Telu" }, { 0x00C55, 0x00C56, "Telu" }, { 0x00C58, 0x00C5A, "Telu" }, { 0x00C60, 0x00C63, "Telu" }, { 0x00C66, 0x00C6F, "Telu" }, { 0x00C77, 0x00C7F, "Telu" }, { 0x00C80, 0x00C8C, "Knda" }, { 0x00C8E, 0x00C90, "Knda" }, { 0x00C92, 0x00CA8, "Knda" }, { 0x00CAA, 0x00CB3, "Knda" }, { 0x00CB5, 0x00CB9, "Knda" }, { 0x00CBC, 0x00CC4, "Knda" }, { 0x00CC6, 0x00CC8, "Knda" }, { 0x00CCA, 0x00CCD, "Knda" }, { 0x00CD5, 0x00CD6, "Knda" }, { 0x00CE0, 0x00CE3, "Knda" }, { 0x00CE6, 0x00CEF, "Knda" }, { 0x00CF1, 0x00CF2, "Knda" }, { 0x00D00, 0x00D0C, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D0E, 0x00D10, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D12, 0x00D44, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D46, 0x00D48, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D4A, 0x00D4F, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D54, 0x00D63, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D66, 0x00D7F, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D81, 0x00D83, "Sinh" }, { 0x00D85, 0x00D96, "Sinh" }, { 0x00D9A, 0x00DB1, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DB3, 0x00DBB, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DC0, 0x00DC6, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DCF, 0x00DD4, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DD8, 0x00DDF, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DE6, 0x00DEF, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DF2, 0x00DF4, "Sinh" }, { 0x00E01, 0x00E3A, "Thai" }, { 0x00E40, 0x00E5B, "Thai" }, { 0x00E81, 0x00E82, "Laoo" }, { 0x00E86, 0x00E8A, "Laoo" }, { 0x00E8C, 0x00EA3, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EA7, 0x00EBD, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EC0, 0x00EC4, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EC8, 0x00ECD, "Laoo" }, { 0x00ED0, 0x00ED9, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EDC, 0x00EDF, "Laoo" }, { 0x00F00, 0x00F47, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F49, 0x00F6C, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F71, 0x00F97, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F99, 0x00FBC, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FBE, 0x00FCC, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FCE, 0x00FD4, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FD5, 0x00FD8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00FD9, 0x00FDA, "Tibt" }, { 0x01000, 0x0109F, "Mymr" }, { 0x010A0, 0x010C5, "Geor" }, { 0x010D0, 0x010FA, "Geor" }, { 0x010FC, 0x010FF, "Geor" }, { 0x01100, 0x011FF, "Hang" }, { 0x01200, 0x01248, "Ethi" }, { 0x0124A, 0x0124D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01250, 0x01256, "Ethi" }, { 0x0125A, 0x0125D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01260, 0x01288, "Ethi" }, { 0x0128A, 0x0128D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01290, 0x012B0, "Ethi" }, { 0x012B2, 0x012B5, "Ethi" }, { 0x012B8, 0x012BE, "Ethi" }, { 0x012C2, 0x012C5, "Ethi" }, { 0x012C8, 0x012D6, "Ethi" }, { 0x012D8, 0x01310, "Ethi" }, { 0x01312, 0x01315, "Ethi" }, { 0x01318, 0x0135A, "Ethi" }, { 0x0135D, 0x0137C, "Ethi" }, { 0x01380, 0x01399, "Ethi" }, { 0x013A0, 0x013F5, "Cher" }, { 0x013F8, 0x013FD, "Cher" }, { 0x01400, 0x0167F, "Cans" }, { 0x01680, 0x0169C, "Ogam" }, { 0x016A0, 0x016EA, "Runr" }, { 0x016EB, 0x016ED, "Zyyy" }, { 0x016EE, 0x016F8, "Runr" }, { 0x01700, 0x0170C, "Tglg" }, { 0x0170E, 0x01714, "Tglg" }, { 0x01720, 0x01734, "Hano" }, { 0x01735, 0x01736, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01740, 0x01753, "Buhd" }, { 0x01760, 0x0176C, "Tagb" }, { 0x0176E, 0x01770, "Tagb" }, { 0x01772, 0x01773, "Tagb" }, { 0x01780, 0x017DD, "Khmr" }, { 0x017E0, 0x017E9, "Khmr" }, { 0x017F0, 0x017F9, "Khmr" }, { 0x01800, 0x01801, "Mong" }, { 0x01802, 0x01803, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01806, 0x0180E, "Mong" }, { 0x01810, 0x01819, "Mong" }, { 0x01820, 0x01878, "Mong" }, { 0x01880, 0x018AA, "Mong" }, { 0x018B0, 0x018F5, "Cans" }, { 0x01900, 0x0191E, "Limb" }, { 0x01920, 0x0192B, "Limb" }, { 0x01930, 0x0193B, "Limb" }, { 0x01944, 0x0194F, "Limb" }, { 0x01950, 0x0196D, "Tale" }, { 0x01970, 0x01974, "Tale" }, { 0x01980, 0x019AB, "Talu" }, { 0x019B0, 0x019C9, "Talu" }, { 0x019D0, 0x019DA, "Talu" }, { 0x019DE, 0x019DF, "Talu" }, { 0x019E0, 0x019FF, "Khmr" }, { 0x01A00, 0x01A1B, "Bugi" }, { 0x01A1E, 0x01A1F, "Bugi" }, { 0x01A20, 0x01A5E, "Lana" }, { 0x01A60, 0x01A7C, "Lana" }, { 0x01A7F, 0x01A89, "Lana" }, { 0x01A90, 0x01A99, "Lana" }, { 0x01AA0, 0x01AAD, "Lana" }, { 0x01AB0, 0x01AC0, "Zinh" }, { 0x01B00, 0x01B4B, "Bali" }, { 0x01B50, 0x01B7C, "Bali" }, { 0x01B80, 0x01BBF, "Sund" }, { 0x01BC0, 0x01BF3, "Batk" }, { 0x01BFC, 0x01BFF, "Batk" }, { 0x01C00, 0x01C37, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C3B, 0x01C49, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C4D, 0x01C4F, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C50, 0x01C7F, "Olck" }, { 0x01C80, 0x01C88, "Cyrl" }, { 0x01C90, 0x01CBA, "Geor" }, { 0x01CBD, 0x01CBF, "Geor" }, { 0x01CC0, 0x01CC7, "Sund" }, { 0x01CD0, 0x01CD2, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CD4, 0x01CE0, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CE2, 0x01CE8, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CE9, 0x01CEC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CEE, 0x01CF3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CF5, 0x01CF7, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CF8, 0x01CF9, "Zinh" }, { 0x01D00, 0x01D25, "Latn" }, { 0x01D26, 0x01D2A, "Grek" }, { 0x01D2C, 0x01D5C, "Latn" }, { 0x01D5D, 0x01D61, "Grek" }, { 0x01D62, 0x01D65, "Latn" }, { 0x01D66, 0x01D6A, "Grek" }, { 0x01D6B, 0x01D77, "Latn" }, { 0x01D79, 0x01DBE, "Latn" }, { 0x01DC0, 0x01DF9, "Zinh" }, { 0x01DFB, 0x01DFF, "Zinh" }, { 0x01E00, 0x01EFF, "Latn" }, { 0x01F00, 0x01F15, "Grek" }, { 0x01F18, 0x01F1D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F20, 0x01F45, "Grek" }, { 0x01F48, 0x01F4D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F50, 0x01F57, "Grek" }, { 0x01F5F, 0x01F7D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F80, 0x01FB4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FB6, 0x01FC4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FC6, 0x01FD3, "Grek" }, { 0x01FD6, 0x01FDB, "Grek" }, { 0x01FDD, 0x01FEF, "Grek" }, { 0x01FF2, 0x01FF4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FF6, 0x01FFE, "Grek" }, { 0x02000, 0x0200B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0200C, 0x0200D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0200E, 0x02064, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02066, 0x02070, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02074, 0x0207E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02080, 0x0208E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02090, 0x0209C, "Latn" }, { 0x020A0, 0x020BF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x020D0, 0x020F0, "Zinh" }, { 0x02100, 0x02125, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02127, 0x02129, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0212A, 0x0212B, "Latn" }, { 0x0212C, 0x02131, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02133, 0x0214D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0214F, 0x0215F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02160, 0x02188, "Latn" }, { 0x02189, 0x0218B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02190, 0x02426, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02440, 0x0244A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02460, 0x027FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02800, 0x028FF, "Brai" }, { 0x02900, 0x02B73, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02B76, 0x02B95, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02B97, 0x02BFF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02C00, 0x02C2E, "Glag" }, { 0x02C30, 0x02C5E, "Glag" }, { 0x02C60, 0x02C7F, "Latn" }, { 0x02C80, 0x02CF3, "Copt" }, { 0x02CF9, 0x02CFF, "Copt" }, { 0x02D00, 0x02D25, "Geor" }, { 0x02D30, 0x02D67, "Tfng" }, { 0x02D6F, 0x02D70, "Tfng" }, { 0x02D80, 0x02D96, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DA0, 0x02DA6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DA8, 0x02DAE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DB0, 0x02DB6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DB8, 0x02DBE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DC0, 0x02DC6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DC8, 0x02DCE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DD0, 0x02DD6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DD8, 0x02DDE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DE0, 0x02DFF, "Cyrl" }, { 0x02E00, 0x02E52, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02E80, 0x02E99, "Hani" }, { 0x02E9B, 0x02EF3, "Hani" }, { 0x02F00, 0x02FD5, "Hani" }, { 0x02FF0, 0x02FFB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03000, 0x03004, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03008, 0x03020, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03021, 0x03029, "Hani" }, { 0x0302A, 0x0302D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0302E, 0x0302F, "Hang" }, { 0x03030, 0x03037, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03038, 0x0303B, "Hani" }, { 0x0303C, 0x0303F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03041, 0x03096, "Hira" }, { 0x03099, 0x0309A, "Zinh" }, { 0x0309B, 0x0309C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0309D, 0x0309F, "Hira" }, { 0x030A1, 0x030FA, "Kana" }, { 0x030FB, 0x030FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x030FD, 0x030FF, "Kana" }, { 0x03105, 0x0312F, "Bopo" }, { 0x03131, 0x0318E, "Hang" }, { 0x03190, 0x0319F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x031A0, 0x031BF, "Bopo" }, { 0x031C0, 0x031E3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x031F0, 0x031FF, "Kana" }, { 0x03200, 0x0321E, "Hang" }, { 0x03220, 0x0325F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03260, 0x0327E, "Hang" }, { 0x0327F, 0x032CF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x032D0, 0x032FE, "Kana" }, { 0x03300, 0x03357, "Kana" }, { 0x03358, 0x033FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03400, 0x04DBF, "Hani" }, { 0x04DC0, 0x04DFF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x04E00, 0x09FFC, "Hani" }, { 0x0A000, 0x0A48C, "Yiii" }, { 0x0A490, 0x0A4C6, "Yiii" }, { 0x0A4D0, 0x0A4FF, "Lisu" }, { 0x0A500, 0x0A62B, "Vaii" }, { 0x0A640, 0x0A69F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x0A6A0, 0x0A6F7, "Bamu" }, { 0x0A700, 0x0A721, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A722, 0x0A787, "Latn" }, { 0x0A788, 0x0A78A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A78B, 0x0A7BF, "Latn" }, { 0x0A7C2, 0x0A7CA, "Latn" }, { 0x0A7F5, 0x0A7FF, "Latn" }, { 0x0A800, 0x0A82C, "Sylo" }, { 0x0A830, 0x0A839, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A840, 0x0A877, "Phag" }, { 0x0A880, 0x0A8C5, "Saur" }, { 0x0A8CE, 0x0A8D9, "Saur" }, { 0x0A8E0, 0x0A8FF, "Deva" }, { 0x0A900, 0x0A92D, "Kali" }, { 0x0A930, 0x0A953, "Rjng" }, { 0x0A960, 0x0A97C, "Hang" }, { 0x0A980, 0x0A9CD, "Java" }, { 0x0A9D0, 0x0A9D9, "Java" }, { 0x0A9DE, 0x0A9DF, "Java" }, { 0x0A9E0, 0x0A9FE, "Mymr" }, { 0x0AA00, 0x0AA36, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA40, 0x0AA4D, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA50, 0x0AA59, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA5C, 0x0AA5F, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA60, 0x0AA7F, "Mymr" }, { 0x0AA80, 0x0AAC2, "Tavt" }, { 0x0AADB, 0x0AADF, "Tavt" }, { 0x0AAE0, 0x0AAF6, "Mtei" }, { 0x0AB01, 0x0AB06, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB09, 0x0AB0E, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB11, 0x0AB16, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB20, 0x0AB26, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB28, 0x0AB2E, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB30, 0x0AB5A, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB5C, 0x0AB64, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB66, 0x0AB69, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB6A, 0x0AB6B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0AB70, 0x0ABBF, "Cher" }, { 0x0ABC0, 0x0ABED, "Mtei" }, { 0x0ABF0, 0x0ABF9, "Mtei" }, { 0x0AC00, 0x0D7A3, "Hang" }, { 0x0D7B0, 0x0D7C6, "Hang" }, { 0x0D7CB, 0x0D7FB, "Hang" }, { 0x0F900, 0x0FA6D, "Hani" }, { 0x0FA70, 0x0FAD9, "Hani" }, { 0x0FB00, 0x0FB06, "Latn" }, { 0x0FB13, 0x0FB17, "Armn" }, { 0x0FB1D, 0x0FB36, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB38, 0x0FB3C, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB40, 0x0FB41, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB43, 0x0FB44, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB46, 0x0FB4F, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB50, 0x0FBC1, "Arab" }, { 0x0FBD3, 0x0FD3D, "Arab" }, { 0x0FD3E, 0x0FD3F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FD50, 0x0FD8F, "Arab" }, { 0x0FD92, 0x0FDC7, "Arab" }, { 0x0FDF0, 0x0FDFD, "Arab" }, { 0x0FE00, 0x0FE0F, "Zinh" }, { 0x0FE10, 0x0FE19, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE20, 0x0FE2D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0FE2E, 0x0FE2F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x0FE30, 0x0FE52, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE54, 0x0FE66, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE68, 0x0FE6B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE70, 0x0FE74, "Arab" }, { 0x0FE76, 0x0FEFC, "Arab" }, { 0x0FF01, 0x0FF20, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF21, 0x0FF3A, "Latn" }, { 0x0FF3B, 0x0FF40, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF41, 0x0FF5A, "Latn" }, { 0x0FF5B, 0x0FF65, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF66, 0x0FF6F, "Kana" }, { 0x0FF71, 0x0FF9D, "Kana" }, { 0x0FF9E, 0x0FF9F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFA0, 0x0FFBE, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFC2, 0x0FFC7, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFCA, 0x0FFCF, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFD2, 0x0FFD7, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFDA, 0x0FFDC, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFE0, 0x0FFE6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFE8, 0x0FFEE, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFF9, 0x0FFFD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10000, 0x1000B, "Linb" }, { 0x1000D, 0x10026, "Linb" }, { 0x10028, 0x1003A, "Linb" }, { 0x1003C, 0x1003D, "Linb" }, { 0x1003F, 0x1004D, "Linb" }, { 0x10050, 0x1005D, "Linb" }, { 0x10080, 0x100FA, "Linb" }, { 0x10100, 0x10102, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10107, 0x10133, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10137, 0x1013F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10140, 0x1018E, "Grek" }, { 0x10190, 0x1019C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x101D0, 0x101FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10280, 0x1029C, "Lyci" }, { 0x102A0, 0x102D0, "Cari" }, { 0x102E1, 0x102FB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10300, 0x10323, "Ital" }, { 0x1032D, 0x1032F, "Ital" }, { 0x10330, 0x1034A, "Goth" }, { 0x10350, 0x1037A, "Perm" }, { 0x10380, 0x1039D, "Ugar" }, { 0x103A0, 0x103C3, "Xpeo" }, { 0x103C8, 0x103D5, "Xpeo" }, { 0x10400, 0x1044F, "Dsrt" }, { 0x10450, 0x1047F, "Shaw" }, { 0x10480, 0x1049D, "Osma" }, { 0x104A0, 0x104A9, "Osma" }, { 0x104B0, 0x104D3, "Osge" }, { 0x104D8, 0x104FB, "Osge" }, { 0x10500, 0x10527, "Elba" }, { 0x10530, 0x10563, "Aghb" }, { 0x10600, 0x10736, "Lina" }, { 0x10740, 0x10755, "Lina" }, { 0x10760, 0x10767, "Lina" }, { 0x10800, 0x10805, "Cprt" }, { 0x1080A, 0x10835, "Cprt" }, { 0x10837, 0x10838, "Cprt" }, { 0x10840, 0x10855, "Armi" }, { 0x10857, 0x1085F, "Armi" }, { 0x10860, 0x1087F, "Palm" }, { 0x10880, 0x1089E, "Nbat" }, { 0x108A7, 0x108AF, "Nbat" }, { 0x108E0, 0x108F2, "Hatr" }, { 0x108F4, 0x108F5, "Hatr" }, { 0x108FB, 0x108FF, "Hatr" }, { 0x10900, 0x1091B, "Phnx" }, { 0x10920, 0x10939, "Lydi" }, { 0x10980, 0x1099F, "Mero" }, { 0x109A0, 0x109B7, "Merc" }, { 0x109BC, 0x109CF, "Merc" }, { 0x109D2, 0x109FF, "Merc" }, { 0x10A00, 0x10A03, "Khar" }, { 0x10A05, 0x10A06, "Khar" }, { 0x10A0C, 0x10A13, "Khar" }, { 0x10A15, 0x10A17, "Khar" }, { 0x10A19, 0x10A35, "Khar" }, { 0x10A38, 0x10A3A, "Khar" }, { 0x10A3F, 0x10A48, "Khar" }, { 0x10A50, 0x10A58, "Khar" }, { 0x10A60, 0x10A7F, "Sarb" }, { 0x10A80, 0x10A9F, "Narb" }, { 0x10AC0, 0x10AE6, "Mani" }, { 0x10AEB, 0x10AF6, "Mani" }, { 0x10B00, 0x10B35, "Avst" }, { 0x10B39, 0x10B3F, "Avst" }, { 0x10B40, 0x10B55, "Prti" }, { 0x10B58, 0x10B5F, "Prti" }, { 0x10B60, 0x10B72, "Phli" }, { 0x10B78, 0x10B7F, "Phli" }, { 0x10B80, 0x10B91, "Phlp" }, { 0x10B99, 0x10B9C, "Phlp" }, { 0x10BA9, 0x10BAF, "Phlp" }, { 0x10C00, 0x10C48, "Orkh" }, { 0x10C80, 0x10CB2, "Hung" }, { 0x10CC0, 0x10CF2, "Hung" }, { 0x10CFA, 0x10CFF, "Hung" }, { 0x10D00, 0x10D27, "Rohg" }, { 0x10D30, 0x10D39, "Rohg" }, { 0x10E60, 0x10E7E, "Arab" }, { 0x10E80, 0x10EA9, "Yezi" }, { 0x10EAB, 0x10EAD, "Yezi" }, { 0x10EB0, 0x10EB1, "Yezi" }, { 0x10F00, 0x10F27, "Sogo" }, { 0x10F30, 0x10F59, "Sogd" }, { 0x10FB0, 0x10FCB, "Chrs" }, { 0x10FE0, 0x10FF6, "Elym" }, { 0x11000, 0x1104D, "Brah" }, { 0x11052, 0x1106F, "Brah" }, { 0x11080, 0x110C1, "Kthi" }, { 0x110D0, 0x110E8, "Sora" }, { 0x110F0, 0x110F9, "Sora" }, { 0x11100, 0x11134, "Cakm" }, { 0x11136, 0x11147, "Cakm" }, { 0x11150, 0x11176, "Mahj" }, { 0x11180, 0x111DF, "Shrd" }, { 0x111E1, 0x111F4, "Sinh" }, { 0x11200, 0x11211, "Khoj" }, { 0x11213, 0x1123E, "Khoj" }, { 0x11280, 0x11286, "Mult" }, { 0x1128A, 0x1128D, "Mult" }, { 0x1128F, 0x1129D, "Mult" }, { 0x1129F, 0x112A9, "Mult" }, { 0x112B0, 0x112EA, "Sind" }, { 0x112F0, 0x112F9, "Sind" }, { 0x11300, 0x11303, "Gran" }, { 0x11305, 0x1130C, "Gran" }, { 0x1130F, 0x11310, "Gran" }, { 0x11313, 0x11328, "Gran" }, { 0x1132A, 0x11330, "Gran" }, { 0x11332, 0x11333, "Gran" }, { 0x11335, 0x11339, "Gran" }, { 0x1133C, 0x11344, "Gran" }, { 0x11347, 0x11348, "Gran" }, { 0x1134B, 0x1134D, "Gran" }, { 0x1135D, 0x11363, "Gran" }, { 0x11366, 0x1136C, "Gran" }, { 0x11370, 0x11374, "Gran" }, { 0x11400, 0x1145B, "Newa" }, { 0x1145D, 0x11461, "Newa" }, { 0x11480, 0x114C7, "Tirh" }, { 0x114D0, 0x114D9, "Tirh" }, { 0x11580, 0x115B5, "Sidd" }, { 0x115B8, 0x115DD, "Sidd" }, { 0x11600, 0x11644, "Modi" }, { 0x11650, 0x11659, "Modi" }, { 0x11660, 0x1166C, "Mong" }, { 0x11680, 0x116B8, "Takr" }, { 0x116C0, 0x116C9, "Takr" }, { 0x11700, 0x1171A, "Ahom" }, { 0x1171D, 0x1172B, "Ahom" }, { 0x11730, 0x1173F, "Ahom" }, { 0x11800, 0x1183B, "Dogr" }, { 0x118A0, 0x118F2, "Wara" }, { 0x11900, 0x11906, "Diak" }, { 0x1190C, 0x11913, "Diak" }, { 0x11915, 0x11916, "Diak" }, { 0x11918, 0x11935, "Diak" }, { 0x11937, 0x11938, "Diak" }, { 0x1193B, 0x11946, "Diak" }, { 0x11950, 0x11959, "Diak" }, { 0x119A0, 0x119A7, "Nand" }, { 0x119AA, 0x119D7, "Nand" }, { 0x119DA, 0x119E4, "Nand" }, { 0x11A00, 0x11A47, "Zanb" }, { 0x11A50, 0x11AA2, "Soyo" }, { 0x11AC0, 0x11AF8, "Pauc" }, { 0x11C00, 0x11C08, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C0A, 0x11C36, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C38, 0x11C45, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C50, 0x11C6C, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C70, 0x11C8F, "Marc" }, { 0x11C92, 0x11CA7, "Marc" }, { 0x11CA9, 0x11CB6, "Marc" }, { 0x11D00, 0x11D06, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D08, 0x11D09, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D0B, 0x11D36, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D3C, 0x11D3D, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D3F, 0x11D47, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D50, 0x11D59, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D60, 0x11D65, "Gong" }, { 0x11D67, 0x11D68, "Gong" }, { 0x11D6A, 0x11D8E, "Gong" }, { 0x11D90, 0x11D91, "Gong" }, { 0x11D93, 0x11D98, "Gong" }, { 0x11DA0, 0x11DA9, "Gong" }, { 0x11EE0, 0x11EF8, "Maka" }, { 0x11FC0, 0x11FF1, "Taml" }, { 0x12000, 0x12399, "Xsux" }, { 0x12400, 0x1246E, "Xsux" }, { 0x12470, 0x12474, "Xsux" }, { 0x12480, 0x12543, "Xsux" }, { 0x13000, 0x1342E, "Egyp" }, { 0x13430, 0x13438, "Egyp" }, { 0x14400, 0x14646, "Hluw" }, { 0x16800, 0x16A38, "Bamu" }, { 0x16A40, 0x16A5E, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A60, 0x16A69, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A6E, 0x16A6F, "Mroo" }, { 0x16AD0, 0x16AED, "Bass" }, { 0x16AF0, 0x16AF5, "Bass" }, { 0x16B00, 0x16B45, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B50, 0x16B59, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B5B, 0x16B61, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B63, 0x16B77, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B7D, 0x16B8F, "Hmng" }, { 0x16E40, 0x16E9A, "Medf" }, { 0x16F00, 0x16F4A, "Plrd" }, { 0x16F4F, 0x16F87, "Plrd" }, { 0x16F8F, 0x16F9F, "Plrd" }, { 0x16FE2, 0x16FE3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x16FF0, 0x16FF1, "Hani" }, { 0x17000, 0x187F7, "Tang" }, { 0x18800, 0x18AFF, "Tang" }, { 0x18B00, 0x18CD5, "Kits" }, { 0x18D00, 0x18D08, "Tang" }, { 0x1B001, 0x1B11E, "Hira" }, { 0x1B150, 0x1B152, "Hira" }, { 0x1B164, 0x1B167, "Kana" }, { 0x1B170, 0x1B2FB, "Nshu" }, { 0x1BC00, 0x1BC6A, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC70, 0x1BC7C, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC80, 0x1BC88, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC90, 0x1BC99, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC9C, 0x1BC9F, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BCA0, 0x1BCA3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D000, 0x1D0F5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D100, 0x1D126, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D129, 0x1D166, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D167, 0x1D169, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D16A, 0x1D17A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D17B, 0x1D182, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D183, 0x1D184, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D185, 0x1D18B, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D18C, 0x1D1A9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D1AE, 0x1D1E8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D200, 0x1D245, "Grek" }, { 0x1D2E0, 0x1D2F3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D300, 0x1D356, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D360, 0x1D378, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D400, 0x1D454, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D456, 0x1D49C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4AE, 0x1D4B9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4BD, 0x1D4C3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4C5, 0x1D505, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D507, 0x1D50A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D50D, 0x1D514, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D516, 0x1D51C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D51E, 0x1D539, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D53B, 0x1D53E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D540, 0x1D544, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D54A, 0x1D550, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D552, 0x1D6A5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D6A8, 0x1D7CB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D7CE, 0x1D7FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D800, 0x1DA8B, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DA9B, 0x1DA9F, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DAA1, 0x1DAAF, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1E000, 0x1E006, "Glag" }, { 0x1E008, 0x1E018, "Glag" }, { 0x1E01B, 0x1E021, "Glag" }, { 0x1E023, 0x1E024, "Glag" }, { 0x1E026, 0x1E02A, "Glag" }, { 0x1E100, 0x1E12C, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E130, 0x1E13D, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E140, 0x1E149, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E14E, 0x1E14F, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E2C0, 0x1E2F9, "Wcho" }, { 0x1E800, 0x1E8C4, "Mend" }, { 0x1E8C7, 0x1E8D6, "Mend" }, { 0x1E900, 0x1E94B, "Adlm" }, { 0x1E950, 0x1E959, "Adlm" }, { 0x1E95E, 0x1E95F, "Adlm" }, { 0x1EC71, 0x1ECB4, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1ED01, 0x1ED3D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1EE00, 0x1EE03, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE05, 0x1EE1F, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE21, 0x1EE22, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE29, 0x1EE32, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE34, 0x1EE37, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE4D, 0x1EE4F, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE51, 0x1EE52, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE61, 0x1EE62, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE67, 0x1EE6A, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE6C, 0x1EE72, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE74, 0x1EE77, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE79, 0x1EE7C, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE80, 0x1EE89, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE8B, 0x1EE9B, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEA1, 0x1EEA3, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEA5, 0x1EEA9, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEAB, 0x1EEBB, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEF0, 0x1EEF1, "Arab" }, { 0x1F000, 0x1F02B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F030, 0x1F093, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0A0, 0x1F0AE, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0B1, 0x1F0BF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0C1, 0x1F0CF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0D1, 0x1F0F5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F100, 0x1F1AD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F1E6, 0x1F1FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F201, 0x1F202, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F210, 0x1F23B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F240, 0x1F248, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F250, 0x1F251, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F260, 0x1F265, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F300, 0x1F6D7, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F6E0, 0x1F6EC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F6F0, 0x1F6FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F700, 0x1F773, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F780, 0x1F7D8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F7E0, 0x1F7EB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F800, 0x1F80B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F810, 0x1F847, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F850, 0x1F859, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F860, 0x1F887, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F890, 0x1F8AD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F8B0, 0x1F8B1, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F900, 0x1F978, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F97A, 0x1F9CB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F9CD, 0x1FA53, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA60, 0x1FA6D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA70, 0x1FA74, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA78, 0x1FA7A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA80, 0x1FA86, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA90, 0x1FAA8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAB0, 0x1FAB6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAC0, 0x1FAC2, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAD0, 0x1FAD6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FB00, 0x1FB92, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FB94, 0x1FBCA, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FBF0, 0x1FBF9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x20000, 0x2A6DD, "Hani" }, { 0x2A700, 0x2B734, "Hani" }, { 0x2B740, 0x2B81D, "Hani" }, { 0x2B820, 0x2CEA1, "Hani" }, { 0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0, "Hani" }, { 0x2F800, 0x2FA1D, "Hani" }, { 0x30000, 0x3134A, "Hani" }, { 0xE0020, 0xE007F, "Zyyy" }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF, "Zinh" }, }, -- Scripts.txt gives full names; here we consider them aliases to save space. aliases = { Adlm = "Adlam", Aghb = "Caucasian Albanian", Ahom = "Ahom", Arab = "Arabic", Armi = "Imperial Aramaic", Armn = "Armenian", Avst = "Avestan", Bali = "Balinese", Bamu = "Bamum", Bass = "Bassa Vah", Batk = "Batak", Beng = "Bengali", Bhks = "Bhaiksuki", Bopo = "Bopomofo", Brah = "Brahmi", Brai = "Braille", Bugi = "Buginese", Buhd = "Buhid", Cakm = "Chakma", Cans = "Canadian Aboriginal", Cari = "Carian", Cham = "Cham", Cher = "Cherokee", Chrs = "Chorasmian", Copt = "Coptic", Cprt = "Cypriot", Cyrl = "Cyrillic", Deva = "Devanagari", Diak = "Dives Akuru", Dogr = "Dogra", Dsrt = "Deseret", Dupl = "Duployan", Egyp = "Egyptian Hieroglyphs", Elba = "Elbasan", Elym = "Elymaic", Ethi = "Ethiopic", Geor = "Georgian", Glag = "Glagolitic", Gong = "Gunjala Gondi", Gonm = "Masaram Gondi", Goth = "Gothic", Gran = "Grantha", Grek = "Greek", Gujr = "Gujarati", Guru = "Gurmukhi", Hang = "Hangul", Hani = "Han", Hano = "Hanunoo", Hatr = "Hatran", Hebr = "Hebrew", Hira = "Hiragana", Hluw = "Anatolian Hieroglyphs", Hmng = "Pahawh Hmong", Hmnp = "Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong", Hrkt = "Katakana Or Hiragana", Hung = "Old Hungarian", Ital = "Old Italic", Java = "Javanese", Kali = "Kayah Li", Kana = "Katakana", Khar = "Kharoshthi", Khmr = "Khmer", Khoj = "Khojki", Kits = "Khitan Small Script", Knda = "Kannada", Kthi = "Kaithi", Lana = "Tai Tham", Laoo = "Lao", Latn = "Latin", Lepc = "Lepcha", Limb = "Limbu", Lina = "Linear A", Linb = "Linear B", Lisu = "Lisu", Lyci = "Lycian", Lydi = "Lydian", Mahj = "Mahajani", Maka = "Makasar", Mand = "Mandaic", Mani = "Manichaean", Marc = "Marchen", Medf = "Medefaidrin", Mend = "Mende Kikakui", Merc = "Meroitic Cursive", Mero = "Meroitic Hieroglyphs", Mlym = "Malayalam", Modi = "Modi", Mong = "Mongolian", Mroo = "Mro", Mtei = "Meetei Mayek", Mult = "Multani", Mymr = "Myanmar", Nand = "Nandinagari", Narb = "Old North Arabian", Nbat = "Nabataean", Newa = "Newa", Nkoo = "Nko", Nshu = "Nushu", Ogam = "Ogham", Olck = "Ol Chiki", Orkh = "Old Turkic", Orya = "Oriya", Osge = "Osage", Osma = "Osmanya", Palm = "Palmyrene", Pauc = "Pau Cin Hau", Perm = "Old Permic", Phag = "Phags Pa", Phli = "Inscriptional Pahlavi", Phlp = "Psalter Pahlavi", Phnx = "Phoenician", Plrd = "Miao", Prti = "Inscriptional Parthian", Rjng = "Rejang", Rohg = "Hanifi Rohingya", Runr = "Runic", Samr = "Samaritan", Sarb = "Old South Arabian", Saur = "Saurashtra", Sgnw = "SignWriting", Shaw = "Shavian", Shrd = "Sharada", Sidd = "Siddham", Sind = "Khudawadi", Sinh = "Sinhala", Sogd = "Sogdian", Sogo = "Old Sogdian", Sora = "Sora Sompeng", Soyo = "Soyombo", Sund = "Sundanese", Sylo = "Syloti Nagri", Syrc = "Syriac", Tagb = "Tagbanwa", Takr = "Takri", Tale = "Tai Le", Talu = "New Tai Lue", Taml = "Tamil", Tang = "Tangut", Tavt = "Tai Viet", Telu = "Telugu", Tfng = "Tifinagh", Tglg = "Tagalog", Thaa = "Thaana", Thai = "Thai", Tibt = "Tibetan", Tirh = "Tirhuta", Ugar = "Ugaritic", Vaii = "Vai", Wara = "Warang Citi", Wcho = "Wancho", Xpeo = "Old Persian", Xsux = "Cuneiform", Yezi = "Yezidi", Yiii = "Yi", Zanb = "Zanabazar Square", Zinh = "Inherited", Zyyy = "Common", Zzzz = "Unknown", }, } -- Required for binary search function in [[Module:Language/scripts]]. -- Cannot get length of module loaded with mw.loadData. data.ranges.length = #data.ranges data.rtl = {} for _, script in ipairs(mw.loadData "Module:Lang/data".rtl_scripts) do -- [[Module:Lang/data]] has script codes in lowercase; -- this module has script codes with the first letter capitalized. data.rtl[script:gsub("^%a", string.upper)] = true end return data 8jz0zjbzyrduz3quytfv1bqj0wrzm72 10 5701 22612 2021-04-15T02:10:10Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «=== ኣጠቓቕማ === <pre>{{ፍልቀተ ቃል|ሽም ቋንቋ|ቃል|ትርጉም|ምንጻር|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ ብትግርኛ|ሓ...» wikitext text/x-wiki === ኣጠቓቕማ === <pre>{{ፍልቀተ ቃል|ሽም ቋንቋ|ቃል|ትርጉም|ምንጻር|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ ብትግርኛ|ሓገዝ=ገጽ ሓገዝ}}</pre> ==== ኣብነታት ==== * {{tlc|ፍልቀተ ቃል|ጽርኢ|Βιολογία}} → {{ፍልቀተ ቃል|ጽርኢ|Βιολογία}} * {{tlc|ፍልቀተ ቃል|ጽርኢ|Βιολογία|ስነ ህይወት}} → {{ፍልቀተ ቃል|ጽርኢ|Βιολογία|ስነ ህይወት}} * {{tlc|ፍልቀተ ቃል|ናዋትል|Mēxihco||ኣብ ሕምብርቲ ወርሒ|disp{{=}}—}} → {{ፍልቀተ ቃል|ናዋትል|Mēxihco||ኣብ ሕምብርቲ ወርሒ|disp=—}} * <code>ባዮሎጂ {{tl|ፍልቀተ ቃል|ጽርኢ|Βιολογία|ኣደማምጻ{{=}}ቭዮሎጅያ|ሓገዝ{{=}}no}}</code> → ባዮሎጂ {{ፍልቀተ ቃል|ጽርኢ|Βιολογία|ኣደማምጻ=ቭዮሎጅያ|ሓገዝ=no}} === ምምሕልላፋት === * {{tiw|Ety}} * {{tiw|ኢቲሞሎጂ}} <includeonly> {{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}} </includeonly> cbgj0kjoynlhdlz5jke0jo6hdn8n6d6 828 5702 22616 2021-04-15T12:12:50Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «-- This module de-links most wikitext. require('Module:No globals') local p = {} local getArgs local function delinkReversePipeTrick(s) if s:match(...» Scribunto text/plain -- This module de-links most wikitext. require('Module:No globals') local p = {} local getArgs local function delinkReversePipeTrick(s) if s:match("^%[%[|.*[|\n]") then -- Check for newlines or multiple pipes. return s else return s:match("%[%[|(.*)%]%]") end end local function delinkPipeTrick(s) local linkarea, display = "", "" -- We need to deal with colons, brackets, and commas, per [[Help:Pipe trick]]. -- First, remove the text before the first colon, if any. if s:match(":") then s = s:match("%[%[.-:(.*)|%]%]") -- If there are no colons, grab all of the text apart from the square brackets and the pipe. else s = s:match("%[%[(.*)|%]%]") end -- Next up, brackets and commas. if s:match("%(.-%)$") then -- Brackets trump commas. s = s:match("(.-) ?%(.-%)$") elseif s:match(",") then -- If there are no brackets, display only the text before the first comma. s = s:match("(.-),.*$") end return s end local function delinkWikilink(s) local result = s -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick. if result:match("%[%[|") then return delinkReversePipeTrick(result) end result = mw.uri.decode(result, "PATH") -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs. result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities. -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes. local titlearea if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. titlearea = result:match("^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]") else titlearea = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end -- Check for bad characters. if mw.ustring.match(titlearea, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") then return s end -- Check for categories, interwikis, and files. local colonprefix = result:match("%[%[(.-):.*%]%]") or "" -- Get the text before the first colon. local ns = mw.site.namespaces[colonprefix] -- see if this is a known namespace if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(colonprefix) or ( ns and ( ns.canonicalName == "File" or ns.canonicalName == "Category" ) ) then return "" end -- Remove the colon if the link is using the [[Help:Colon trick]]. if result:match("%[%[:") then result = "[[" .. result:match("%[%[:(.*%]%])") end -- Deal with links using the [[Help:Pipe trick]]. if mw.ustring.match(result, "^%[%[[^|]*|%]%]") then return delinkPipeTrick(result) end -- Find the display area of the wikilink if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. result = result:match("^%[%[.-|(.+)%]%]") -- Remove new lines from the display of multiline piped links, -- where the pipe is before the first new line. result = result:gsub("\n", "") else result = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end return result end local function delinkURL(s) -- Assume we have already delinked internal wikilinks, and that -- we have been passed some text between two square brackets [foo]. -- If the text contains a line break it is not formatted as a URL, regardless of other content. if s:match("\n") then return s end -- Check if the text has a valid URL prefix and at least one valid URL character. local valid_url_prefixes = {"//", "http://", "https://", "ftp://", "gopher://", "mailto:", "news:", "irc://"} local url_prefix for i,v in ipairs(valid_url_prefixes) do if mw.ustring.match(s, '^%[' .. v ..'[^"%s].*%]' ) then url_prefix = v break end end -- Get display text if not url_prefix then return s end s = s:match("^%[" .. url_prefix .. "(.*)%]") -- Grab all of the text after the URL prefix and before the final square bracket. s = s:match('^.-(["<> ].*)') or "" -- Grab all of the text after the first URL separator character ("<> ). s = mw.ustring.match(s, "^%s*(%S.*)$") or "" -- If the separating character was a space, trim it off. local s_decoded = mw.text.decode(s, true) if mw.ustring.match(s_decoded, "%c") then return s else return s_decoded end end local function delinkLinkClass(s, pattern, delinkFunction) if not type(s) == "string" then error("Attempt to de-link non-string input.", 2) end if not ( type(pattern) == "string" and mw.ustring.sub(pattern, 1, 1) == "^" ) then error('Invalid pattern detected. Patterns must begin with "^".', 2) end -- Iterate over the text string, and replace any matched text. using the -- delink function. We need to iterate character by character rather -- than just use gsub, otherwise nested links aren't detected properly. local result = "" while s ~= '' do -- Replace text using one iteration of gsub. s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, pattern, delinkFunction, 1) -- Append the left-most character to the result string. result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(s, 1, 1) s = mw.ustring.sub(s, 2, -1) end return result end function p._delink(args) local text = args[1] or "" if args.refs == "yes" then -- Remove any [[Help:Strip markers]] representing ref tags. In most situations -- this is not a good idea - only use it if you know what you are doing! text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "UNIQ%w*%-ref%-%d*%-QINU", "") end if not (args.comments == "no") then text = text:gsub("<!%-%-.-%-%->", "") -- Remove html comments. end if not (args.wikilinks == "no") then text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[%[.-%]%]", delinkWikilink) -- De-link wikilinks. end if not (args.urls == "no") then text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[.-%]", delinkURL) -- De-link URLs. end if not (args.whitespace == "no") then -- Replace single new lines with a single space, but leave double new lines -- and new lines only containing spaces or tabs before a second new line. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([^\n \t][ \t]*)\n([ \t]*[^\n \t])", "%1 %2") text = text:gsub("[ \t]+", " ") -- Remove extra tabs and spaces. end return text end function p.delink(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return p._delink(getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Delink'})) end return p 9uut60bk5e8nnvyxo8jbf7qt3b17a4v 10 5703 22617 2021-04-15T12:15:42Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:delink|delink}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wi...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:delink|delink}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> nxxwkb2lon9wgne4irg9ctbsle6zwiy 10 5704 22620 22618 2021-04-15T13:18:07Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ስጳንኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} nlsdj8x2f5rbylld0x3geey0edootw9 10 5705 22645 22630 2021-04-20T22:28:01Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|ምንጪ | {{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} | ኣማዞናዊ ማእከላይን ምብራቓውን ከባቢ | ማእከላይን ምብራቓውን ከባቢ ኣማዞን | ኣንድያዊ ከባቢ | ማእከላይ ከባቢ | ፓታጎንያዊ ከባቢ | ዙርያ-ኣማዞናውን ዙርያ-ካሪብያውን ከባቢታት | ዓብዪ ቻኮ | ሰብ ሰርሖ ቋንቋ | ዝተሃነጸ ቋንቋ | ቋንቋታት ቀችዋ | ቋንቋታት ቱፒ | መሶኣመሪካ | መሶ-ኣመሪካ = #FFFFFF | #default = #000000 }} | {{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} <noinclude> ስድራ ቤታት ኣፍሪቃን ማእከላይ ምብራቕን </noinclude> | ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ ቋንቋታት | ኣፍሮ-ኤስያዊ | ኣፍሮኤስያዊ = #FBFFAE | ኒሎ-ሰሃራዊ ቋንቋታት | ኒሎ-ሰሃራዊ | ኒሎሰሃራዊ | ኒሎ-ሳህራዊ ቋንቋታት | ኒሎ-ሳህራዊ | ኒሎሳህራዊ = #FFD700 | ቋንቋታት ኒጀር-ኮንጎ = #FFCC88 | ቋንቋታት ኮይሳን = #EECC22 <noinclude> ስድራ ቤታት ኤውሮጳን ሰሜንን፣ ምዕራብን ደቡብን ኤስያ </noinclude> | ህንደ-ኤውሮጳዊ ቋንቋታት | ህንደ-ኤውሮጳዊ | ኢንዶ-ኤውሮጳዊ ቋንቋታት | ኢንዶ-ኤውሮጳዊ | ጋሎ-ሮማንስ ቋንቋታት = #D0F5A9 | ካውካዝያዊ ቋንቋታት | ቋንቋታት ካውካዙስ = #AAEEAA | ኡራሊካዊ ቋንቋታት | ኡራልያዊ ቋንቋታት = #AAEECC | ኣልታይካዊ ቋንቋታት = #9ACD32 | ድራቪድያዊ ቋንቋታት | ድራቪዳዊ ቋንቋታት = #88DD88 | ፓለዮሳይበርያዊ ቋንቋታት | ፓለዮ-ሳይበርያዊ ቋንቋታት = #88CC88 <noinclude> ርሑቕ ምብራቕን ሰላማውን </noinclude> | ሲኖ-ቲበታዊ ቋንቋታት | ሲኖ-ቲበታዊ = #EE8866 | ቋንቋታት ሞንግ-ሚን = #EE9988 | ቋንቋታት ታይ-ካዳይ = #EEAA88 | ኦስትሮኤስያዊ ቋንቋታት | ቋንቋታት ሙንዳ = #EECCCC | ኦስትሮነዥያዊ ቋንቋታት = #FFC0CB | ቋንቋታት ደሴታት ኣንዳማን | ኣንዳማናዊ ቋንቋታት = #EECCFB | ፓፕዋዊ ቋንቋታት | ቋንቋታት ፓፕዋ = #FD79DA | ኣውስትራልያዊ ኣቦርጂናዊ ቋንቋታት = #EE99FB | ታዝማንያዊ ቋንቋታት | ቋንቋታት ታዝማንያ = #DA70D6 <noinclude> ስድራ ቤታት ኣመሪካ </noinclude> | ኤስኪሞ-ኣለውታዊ ቋንቋታት = #E0FFFF | ቋንቋታት ና-ዲን = #DDEEFF | ኣልጂካዊ ቋንቋታት = #CCEEFF | ሰላማዊ ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ገምገም ባሕሪ = #BBEEFF | ከበሳ | እምባ = #AAEFFF | ካሊፎርንያን ባሃ ካሊፎርንያን = #99DFFF | ዓበይቲ ጎልጎላት = #87DEFB | ምብራቓዊ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ጫካታት | ምብራቓዊ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ዱራት | ኢሮቃዊ ቋንቋታት = #87CEFA | ቋንቋታት ሙስኮጊ = #76BDFA | ኣሪዶኣመሪካ = #88CEFD | ኦኣሲስኣመሪካ = #77AAFF | ዩቶኣዝተካዊ ቋንቋታት = #99BBFF | መሶኣመሪካ | መሶ-ኣመሪካ = #8899FD | ማእከላይ ከባቢ = #6677FA | ኣንድያዊ ከባቢ | ቋንቋታት ቀችዋ = #4455F8 | ቋንቋታት ቱፒ = #3344E6 | ዙርያ-ኣማዞናውን ዙርያ-ካሪብያውን ከባቢታት = #2233C4 | ኣማዞናዊ ማእከላይን ምብራቓውን ከባቢ | ማእከላይን ምብራቓውን ከባቢ ኣማዞን = #1111A2 | ፓታጎንያዊ ከባቢ = #000080 | ዓብዪ ቻኮ = #191970 <noinclude> ካልኦት ቋንቋታት </noinclude> | ቋንቋ ክርዮል | ፒጂን | ፒድጂን = #D2B48C | ዝተገለለ ቋንቋ | ዘይተመደበ ቋንቋ = #DDDDDD | ኣከራኻሪ ስድራ ቤት = #FFFFFF | ቋንቋ ምልክት = #C0C0C0 | ሰብ ሰርሖ ቋንቋ | ዝተሃነጸ ቋንቋ = #808080 | #default = #DDDDDD }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 9ej0js16aj5umpc2pejbdgo8b4feo66 10 5706 23205 22646 2021-10-17T16:51:35Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |headertype = comics |title = {{{ስም|{{Title without disambig}}}}} |subtitle = {{{መበቆላዊ|}}} |colorbackgroundtitle = {{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ/ሕብርታት|{{{ስድራ ቤት ኣደ|}}}}} |titlestyle = color:{{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ/ሕብርታት|{{{ስድራ ቤት ኣደ|}}}|ምንጪ}}; |subtitlestyle = background-color: {{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ/ሕብርታት|{{{ስድራ ቤት ኣደ|}}}}}; color:{{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ/ሕብርታት|{{{ስድራ ቤት ኣደ|}}}|ምንጪ}}; |sectionstyle = background-color: {{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ/ሕብርታት|{{{ስድራ ቤት ኣደ|}}}}}; color:{{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ/ሕብርታት|{{{ስድራ ቤት ኣደ|}}}|ምንጪ}}; |image = {{{ኣብነት|{{{ምስሊ|}}}}}} |imagesize = {{{መጠን_ምስሊ|}}} |footer = {{{እግሪ_ምስሊ|}}} |label2 = ዝተፈጠረ ብ |data2 = {{{ዝተፈጠረ ብ|}}} |label3 = ዝዝረብ ኣብ |data3 = {{{ሃገር|{{{ሃገራት|}}}}}} |label4 = ከባቢ |data4 = {{{ዞባ|}}} |label5 = ዘመን |data5 = {{{ዘመን|}}} |label6 = ተዛረብቲ |data6 = {{{ተዛረብቲ|}}}{{#if: {{{ተዛረብቲ|}}} | {{#if: {{{ተዛረብቲ1|}}}{{{ተዛረብቲ2|}}} | {{Collapsible list | ኣርእስቲ = መበቆላውያን | 1 ={{{ተዛረብቲ1|''ሓበሬታ የለን''}}}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{ተዛረብቲ|}}} | {{#if: {{{ተዛረብቲ1|}}}{{{ተዛረብቲ2|}}} | {{Collapsible list | ኣርእስቲ = ካልኦት | 1 = {{{ተዛረብቲ2|''ሓበሬታ የለን''}}}}} }} }} |label8 = ደረጃ |data8 = {{#if: {{{ደረጃ|}}} | [http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size {{{ደረጃ}}}] <small>(''[[ኤዝኖሎጅ]]'',&nbsp;2013)</small> }} |label9 = [[ዝሞተ ቋንቋ]] |data9 = {{{ዝሞተ_ቋንቋ|}}} |label10 = [[ስድራ ቤት ቋንቋ|ስድራ ቤት]] |data10 = {{{ስድራ ቤት|}}} |label11 = [[ላህጃ|ላህጃታት]] |data11 = {{{ላህጃታት|}}} |label12 = [[ስርዓት ጽሕፈት|ጽሕፈት]] |data12 = {{#if: {{{ጽሕፈት|}}} | {{{ጽሕፈት|}}} | {{property|P282|}} {{#if: {{property|P282|qualifier=P805}} |<small>({{property|P282|qualifier=P805}})</small>}} }} |section15 = {{#if: {{{ወግዓዊ|}}}{{{ብሓባር ወግዓዊ|}}}{{{ኣጀንሲ|}}} | ወግዓዊ ኩነት}} |label16 = ወግዓዊ ኣብ |data16 = {{{ወግዓዊ|}}}{{#if: {{{ብሓባር ወግዓዊ|}}} | <br />(<small>ብሓባር ወግዓዊ ምስ {{{ብሓባር ወግዓዊ_ምስ|ካልእ(ኦት) ቋንቋ(ታት)}}} ኣብ {{{ብሓባር ወግዓዊ}}}</small>)}} |label17 = ዝቆጻጸሮ ብ |data17 = {{{ኣጀንሲ|}}} |section20 = {{#if: {{{ኣይሶ1|}}}{{{ኣይሶ2|}}}{{{ኣይሶ3|}}} | ኮዳት }} |label21 = [[ኣይሶ 639-1]] |data21 = {{{ኣይሶ1|}}} |label22 = [[ኣይሶ 639-2]] |data22 = {{{ኣይሶ2|}}} |label23 = [[ኣይሶ 639-3]] |data23 = {{#if: {{{ኣይሶ3|}}} | [http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{ኣይሶ3|{{{ሲል}}}}}} {{{ኣይሶ3|{{{ሲል}}}}}}] | {{#ifeq: {{{ሲል}}} | ገለ | {{#if: {{{ሲል_url|}}} | [{{{ሲል_url}}} ነፍሲ ወከፍ ዓይነት ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ኮድ ኣለዎ] | ነፍሲ ወከፍ ዓይነት ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ኮድ ኣለዎ{{#if: {{{l1|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l1}}} {{{l1}}}] {{#if: {{{l1n}}} | – {{{l1n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l2|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l2}}} {{{l2}}}] {{#if: {{{l2n}}} | – {{{l2n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l3|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l3}}} {{{l3}}}] {{#if: {{{l3n}}} | – {{{l3n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l4|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l4}}} {{{l4}}}] {{#if: {{{l4n}}} | – {{{l4n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l5|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l5}}} {{{l5}}}] {{#if: {{{l5n}}} | – {{{l5n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l6|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l6}}} {{{l6}}}] {{#if: {{{l6n}}} | – {{{l6n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l7|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l7}}} {{{l7}}}] {{#if: {{{l7n}}} | – {{{l7n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l8|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l8}}} {{{l8}}}] {{#if: {{{l8n}}} | – {{{l8n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l9|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l9}}} {{{l9}}}] {{#if: {{{l9n}}} | – {{{l9n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l10|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l10}}} {{{l10}}}] {{#if: {{{l10n}}} | – {{{l10n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l11|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l11}}} {{{l11}}}] {{#if: {{{l11n}}} | – {{{l11n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l12|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l12}}} {{{l12}}}] {{#if: {{{l12n}}} | – {{{l12n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l13|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l13}}} {{{l13}}}] {{#if: {{{l13n}}} | – {{{l13n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l14|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l14}}} {{{l14}}}] {{#if: {{{l14n}}} | – {{{l14n}}} }} }}{{ #if: {{{l15|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l15}}} {{{l15}}}] {{#if: {{{l15n}}} | – {{{l15n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l16|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l16}}} {{{l16}}}] {{#if: {{{l16n}}} | – {{{l16n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l17|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l17}}} {{{l17}}}] {{#if: {{{l17n}}} | – {{{l17n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l18|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l18}}} {{{l18}}}] {{#if: {{{l18n}}} | – {{{l18n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l19|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l19}}} {{{l19}}}] {{#if: {{{l19n}}} | – {{{l19n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l20|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l20}}} {{{l20}}}] {{#if: {{{l20n}}} | – {{{l20n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l21|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l21}}} {{{l21}}}] {{#if: {{{l21n}}} | – {{{l21n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l22|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l22}}} {{{l22}}}] {{#if: {{{l22n}}} | – {{{l22n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l23|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l23}}} {{{l23}}}] {{#if: {{{l23n}}} | – {{{l23n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l24|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l24}}} {{{l24}}}] {{#if: {{{l24n}}} | – {{{l24n}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{l25|}}} | <br />[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{l25}}} {{{l25}}}] {{#if: {{{l25n}}} | – {{{l25n}}} }} }} }} }} }} |label24 = [[ኣይሶ 639-4]] |data24 = {{{ኣይሶ4|}}} |label25 = [[ኣይሶ 639-5]] |data25 = {{{ኣይሶ5|}}} |label26 = [[ኣይሶ 639-6]] |data26 = {{{ኣይሶ6|}}} |bottomimage = {{{ካርታ|}}} |bottomimagesize = |bottomfooter = {{{መግለጺ_ካርታ|}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 9sx8kwnoivg8udpyg4xg10kcinqe1p7 10 5707 22647 2021-04-20T23:21:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ክልል ትግራይ | flag alias = Flag of the Tigray Region.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | nam...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ክልል ትግራይ | flag alias = Flag of the Tigray Region.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }} 86552ht7mqcbit26504ywzk4515i250 10 5708 22648 2021-04-20T23:21:50Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ትግራይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ትግራይ]] pb8vm9ofjpy150ydocozeh6yf34xfx9 0 5709 22650 2021-04-20T23:37:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ትግራይ]] to [[ክልል ትግራይ]]፦ officially ክልል ትግራይ wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ክልል ትግራይ]] 6orka1inxt1wgfj044rdkmke3emig45 10 5710 22654 2021-04-21T21:33:42Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=እብራይስጢ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=እብራይስጢ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ|እብራይስጢ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} msaihud3891jsly0nnlthicyyoz9ibm 0 5711 22656 22655 2021-04-21T21:57:32Z ትት 7466 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300" |+<big><big>ርፑብሊክ ቻይና‎</big></big><br /><br /><big><big>'''香港'''</big></big> | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ffffff;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="148" |[[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="148" |[[File:Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg|136x136px]] |- | align="center" width="148" |([[ባንዴራ]]) | align="center" width="148" |([[ኣርማ]]) |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |ሓበሬታ |- |[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] | |- |[[ርእሲ ከተማ]] | |- |ብዝሒ ተቀመጥቲ | |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |[[File:Hong_Kong_Location.svg|200x200px]] |} '''ሆንግ ኮንግ (ኣብ 香港 ቻይና)''' ሓንቲ ኻብተን ኣብ ቻይና ዚርከባ ኽልተ ፍሉያት ምምሕዳራዊ ዞባታት እያ (እቲ ኻልኣይ ማካው እዩ) ። ኣብ ደቡባዊ ገማግም ቻይና እትርከብ ኰይና ኣብ ኣፍ ፈለግ ፐርልን (ዴልታን) ባሕሪ ደቡብ ቻይናን እያ እትርከብ። እዚ ቦታ እዚ ሓደ ኻብቲ ኣብ ዓለም ዘሎ ዝለዓለ ህዝባዊ ኵርናዓት እዩ። እዚ ኸኣ ኣብ 1,104 ትርብዒት ኪሎ ሜተር ሸውዓተ ሚልዮን ሰባት ብምሓዝ ኢዩ። 4xufqgihbk2uartt3r34kc5ktbc1nbw 0 5712 22657 2021-04-21T22:00:48Z ትት 7466 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse...» wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300" |+<big><big>ርፑብሊክ ቻይና‎</big></big><br /><br /><big><big>'''澳門'''</big></big> | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ffffff;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="148" |[[File:Flag of Macau.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="148" |[[File:Regional Emblem of Macau.svg|136x136px]] |- | align="center" width="148" |([[ባንዴራ]]) | align="center" width="148" |([[ኣርማ]]) |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |ሓበሬታ |- |[[ቋንቋ ሃገር]] | |- |[[ርእሲ ከተማ]] | |- |ብዝሒ ተቀመጥቲ | |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;" |[[File:Macau locator map.svg|200x200px]] |} '''ማካው''' (澳門) ሓንቲ ኻብተን [[ቻይና]] እቲ ኻልኣይ [[ሆንግ ኮንግ]] ዝበሃላ ፍሉያት ምምሕዳራዊ ምምሕዳራት ኢያ skh29di59kgrbmnm3m2qdqzkzcbmu4b 10 5713 22658 2021-04-21T22:48:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=he |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} መደብ:ቋንቋ እ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=he |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ|ሞደል]] </noinclude> pyinsfuhbwgb1c5iymf1isay0judzg8 0 5714 22663 2021-04-22T22:14:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 10 5715 22665 2021-04-23T21:41:33Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{Infobox |title = {{{ሽም|{{PAGENAME}}}}} |headertype = author |titlestyle = color:{{{ሕብሪጽሑፍ|inherit}}}; |colorbackgroundtitle = #{{{hex|inh...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |title = {{{ሽም|{{PAGENAME}}}}} |headertype = author |titlestyle = color:{{{ሕብሪጽሑፍ|inherit}}}; |colorbackgroundtitle = #{{{hex|inherit}}} |image = {{{ምስሊ|}}} |imagesize = {{{መጠን_ምስሊ|250px}}} |footer = {{{ምስሊ_እግሪ|}}} |section1 = መስተማእዛኒታት ሕብሪ |label2 = [[ሕብርታት መርበብ|ኤች.ቲ.ኤም.ኤል. (HTML)]] |data2 = {{#if:{{{hex|}}}|&#35;{{{hex}}}}} |label3 = [[ኣር.ጂ.ቢ.]] <span style="white-space:nowrap">(r፣g፣b)^ለ</span> |data3 = {{#if:{{{r|}}}{{{g|}}}{{{b|}}}|({{{r}}}፣ {{{g}}}፣ {{{b}}})}} |label4 = [[ሲ.ኤም.ዋይ.ከይ.]] <span style="white-space:nowrap">(c፣ m፣ y፣ k)^ሐ</span> |data4 = {{#if:{{{c|}}}{{{m|}}}{{{y|}}}{{{k|}}}|({{{c}}}፣ {{{m}}}፣ {{{y}}}፣ {{{k}}})}} |label5 = [[ሞደል ሕብሪ ኤች.ኤስ.ቪ.|ኤች.ኤስ.ቪ.]] <span style="white-space:nowrap">(h፣ s፣ v)</span> |data5 = {{#if:{{{h|}}}{{{s|}}}{{{v|}}}|({{{h}}}&deg;፣ {{{s}}}%፣ {{{v}}}%)}} |label6 = መወከሲ |data6 = {{{source|}}}{{{መወከሲ|}}} |tablefooter = {{#if:{{{r|}}}{{{g|}}}{{{b|}}}|<small>ለ) ንቡር ምስ ደረጃ <nowiki>[</nowiki> 0 – 255 ] (ባይት)</small>{{#if:{{{c|}}}{{{m|}}}{{{y|}}}{{{k|}}}|<br>}}}}{{#if:{{{c|}}}{{{m|}}}{{{y|}}}{{{k|}}}|<small>ሐ) ንቡር ምስ ደረጃ <nowiki>[</nowiki> 0 – 100 ] (ሚእቲ)</small>}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> oc4prkovo7v67qi5uphxyh5f9pch026 828 5717 24368 24359 2023-06-22T16:00:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Undo revision [[Special:Diff/24359|24359]] by [[Special:Contributions/Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[User talk:Joanmp14|talk]]) Scribunto text/plain local z = {} function z.inItalics(text, ref) if ref and text then return '<i>' .. text .. '</i>' .. ref elseif text then return '<i>' .. text .. '</i>' end end -- Adapted from [[:en:Module:String2]], function sentence function z.inUppercase(text) if not text or text == '' then return text end -- [[hypothesis (scientific method)|hypothesis]] if text:find("^%[%[[^|]+|[^%]]+%]%]") then local b, c = text:find("|%A*%a") return string.sub(text, 1, c-1) .. string.upper(string.sub(text, c, c)) .. string.sub(text, c+1) end local letterpos = text:find('%a') if letterpos then local first = text:sub(1, letterpos - 1) local letter = text:sub(letterpos, letterpos) local rest = text:sub(letterpos + 1) return first .. string.upper(letter) .. rest else return text end end function z.inSmallCaps(text) if not text or text == '' then return text end return '<span style="font-variant:small-caps">' .. text .. '</span>' end function z.inMultipleLines(list) local result local copy={} require('Module:Tables').insertElementsWithValue(list, copy) -- Only return something if there is at least one element if copy[1] then return table.concat(copy, '<br/>') end end function z.betweenQuotationMarks(text, ref) if not text or text == '' then return text elseif ref and ref ~='' then return '«' .. text .. '»' .. ref else return '«' .. text .. '»' end end function z.inBrackets(text, qualifying) if not text or text == '' then return elseif qualifying and qualifying ~= '' then return text .. ' (' .. qualifying .. ')' else return text end end function z.separatedByComma(list) local copy={} require('Module:Tables').insertElementsWithValue(list, copy) return table.concat(copy, '፣ ') end -- :: Generate a link function z.toLink(link, text, qualifying) local result if link and text then result = '[[' .. link .. '|' .. text .. ']]' elseif link then result = '[[' .. link .. ']]' else result = text end if result and qualifying then return result .. ' <small>(' .. qualifying .. ')</small>' else return result end end -- Generate a link (extended deployment) function z.toLink2(link, options) if link then local label, namespace, size, border, link2, imageFooter, mustExist, onlytext if type(options) == 'table' then label = options['label'] or '' namespace = tonumber(options['namespace']) or 0 size = options['size'] or '250px' border = options['border'] link2 = options['link'] imageFooter = options['footer'] mustExist = options['must exist'] or options['mustExist'] or options['mustexist'] onlytext = options['onlytext'] elseif type(options) == 'string' then label = options elseif type(options) == 'number' then namespace = options else label = link namespace = 0 end local titleObj = mw.title.new(link, namespace) or {} local title2Obj = {} if link2 then title2Obj= mw.title.new(link2, 0) end local result = {} table.insert(result, titleObj.fullText) if not mustExist and namespace ~= 6 and namespace ~= 14 then if label then table.insert(result, label) end if qualifier then return '[[' .. prefix .. table.concat(result, '|') .. ']]' .. ' <small>(' .. qualifier .. ')</small>' end return '[[' .. table.concat(result, '|') .. ']]' end if titleObj.exists or titleObj.fileExists then -- File: if namespace == 6 then if onlytext then if label then table.insert(result, label) end return '[[:' .. table.concat(result, '|') .. ']]' end if size then table.insert(result, size) end if border then table.insert(result, 'border') end if title2Obj.exists then table.insert(result, 'link=' .. title2Obj.fullText) end if label then table.insert(result, label) end if imageFooter then return '[[' .. table.concat(result, '|') .. ']]' .. '<br>' .. imageFooter end return '[[' .. table.concat(result, '|') .. ']]' end -- Category: if namespace == 14 then if onlytext then if label then table.insert(result, label) end return '[[:' .. table.concat(result, '|') .. ']]' end return '[[' .. titleObj.fullText .. ']]' end -- The rest if label then table.insert(result, label) end return '[[' .. table.concat(result, '|') .. ']]' end return label end end function z.callFromATemplate(frame) local args = frame.args if args['argument type'] == 'table' then local board = {args[2], args[3], args[4]} return z[args[1]](board) else return z[args[1]](args[2], args[3], args[4]) end end return z k01esml4tic6p7vjujwzw9yw0ybaai1 828 5718 23355 23351 2021-12-14T23:26:02Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain -- Date functions for use by other modules. -- I18N and time zones are not supported. local MINUS = '−' -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN local floor = math.floor local Date, DateDiff, diffmt -- forward declarations local uniq = { 'unique identifier' } local function is_date(t) -- The system used to make a date read-only means there is no unique -- metatable that is conveniently accessible to check. return type(t) == 'table' and t._id == uniq end local function is_diff(t) return type(t) == 'table' and getmetatable(t) == diffmt end local function _list_join(list, sep) return table.concat(list, sep) end local function collection() -- Return a table to hold items. return { n = 0, add = function (self, item) self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = item end, join = _list_join, } end local function strip_to_nil(text) -- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty. -- Otherwise return text (convenient when Date fields are provided from -- another module which may pass a string, a number, or another type). if type(text) == 'string' then text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') end return text end local function is_leap_year(year, calname) -- Return true if year is a leap year. if calname == 'Julian' then return year % 4 == 0 end return (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 ~= 0) or year % 400 == 0 end local function days_in_month(year, month, calname) -- Return number of days (1..31) in given month (1..12). if month == 2 and is_leap_year(year, calname) then return 29 end return ({ 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 })[month] end local function h_m_s(time) -- Return hour, minute, second extracted from fraction of a day. time = floor(time * 24 * 3600 + 0.5) -- number of seconds local second = time % 60 time = floor(time / 60) return floor(time / 60), time % 60, second end local function hms(date) -- Return fraction of a day from date's time, where (0 <= fraction < 1) -- if the values are valid, but could be anything if outside range. return (date.hour + (date.minute + date.second / 60) / 60) / 24 end local function julian_date(date) -- Return jd, jdz from a Julian or Gregorian calendar date where -- jd = Julian date and its fractional part is zero at noon -- jdz = same, but assume time is 00:00:00 if no time given -- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula -- Testing shows this works for all dates from year -9999 to 9999! -- JDN 0 is the 24-hour period starting at noon UTC on Monday -- 1 January 4713 BC = (-4712, 1, 1) Julian calendar -- 24 November 4714 BC = (-4713, 11, 24) Gregorian calendar local offset local a = floor((14 - date.month)/12) local y = date.year + 4800 - a if date.calendar == 'Julian' then offset = floor(y/4) - 32083 else offset = floor(y/4) - floor(y/100) + floor(y/400) - 32045 end local m = date.month + 12*a - 3 local jd = date.day + floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 365*y + offset if date.hastime then jd = jd + hms(date) - 0.5 return jd, jd end return jd, jd - 0.5 end local function set_date_from_jd(date) -- Set the fields of table date from its Julian date field. -- Return true if date is valid. -- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula -- This handles the proleptic Julian and Gregorian calendars. -- Negative Julian dates are not defined but they work. local calname = date.calendar local low, high -- min/max limits for date ranges −9999-01-01 to 9999-12-31 if calname == 'Gregorian' then low, high = -1930999.5, 5373484.49999 elseif calname == 'Julian' then low, high = -1931076.5, 5373557.49999 else return end local jd = date.jd if not (type(jd) == 'number' and low <= jd and jd <= high) then return end local jdn = floor(jd) if date.hastime then local time = jd - jdn -- 0 <= time < 1 if time >= 0.5 then -- if at or after midnight of next day jdn = jdn + 1 time = time - 0.5 else time = time + 0.5 end date.hour, date.minute, date.second = h_m_s(time) else date.second = 0 date.minute = 0 date.hour = 0 end local b, c if calname == 'Julian' then b = 0 c = jdn + 32082 else -- Gregorian local a = jdn + 32044 b = floor((4*a + 3)/146097) c = a - floor(146097*b/4) end local d = floor((4*c + 3)/1461) local e = c - floor(1461*d/4) local m = floor((5*e + 2)/153) date.day = e - floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 1 date.month = m + 3 - 12*floor(m/10) date.year = 100*b + d - 4800 + floor(m/10) return true end local function fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, partial, hastime, calendar) -- Put the result of normalizing the given values in table numbers. -- The result will have valid m, d values if y is valid; caller checks y. -- The logic of PHP mktime is followed where m or d can be zero to mean -- the previous unit, and -1 is the one before that, etc. -- Positive values carry forward. local date if not (1 <= m and m <= 12) then date = Date(y, 1, 1) if not date then return end date = date + ((m - 1) .. 'm') y, m = date.year, date.month end local days_hms if not partial then if hastime and H and M and S then if not (0 <= H and H <= 23 and 0 <= M and M <= 59 and 0 <= S and S <= 59) then days_hms = hms({ hour = H, minute = M, second = S }) end end if days_hms or not (1 <= d and d <= days_in_month(y, m, calendar)) then date = date or Date(y, m, 1) if not date then return end date = date + (d - 1 + (days_hms or 0)) y, m, d = date.year, date.month, date.day if days_hms then H, M, S = date.hour, date.minute, date.second end end end numbers.year = y numbers.month = m numbers.day = d if days_hms then -- Don't set H unless it was valid because a valid H will set hastime. numbers.hour = H numbers.minute = M numbers.second = S end end local function set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options) -- Set the fields of table date from numeric values. -- Return true if date is valid. if type(numbers) ~= 'table' then return end local y = numbers.year or date.year local m = numbers.month or date.month local d = numbers.day or date.day local H = numbers.hour local M = numbers.minute or date.minute or 0 local S = numbers.second or date.second or 0 local need_fix if y and m and d then date.partial = nil if not (-9999 <= y and y <= 9999 and 1 <= m and m <= 12 and 1 <= d and d <= days_in_month(y, m, date.calendar)) then if not date.want_fix then return end need_fix = true end elseif y and date.partial then if d or not (-9999 <= y and y <= 9999) then return end if m and not (1 <= m and m <= 12) then if not date.want_fix then return end need_fix = true end else return end if date.partial then H = nil -- ignore any time M = nil S = nil else if H then -- It is not possible to set M or S without also setting H. date.hastime = true else H = 0 end if not (0 <= H and H <= 23 and 0 <= M and M <= 59 and 0 <= S and S <= 59) then if date.want_fix then need_fix = true else return end end end date.want_fix = nil if need_fix then fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, date.partial, date.hastime, date.calendar) return set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options) end date.year = y -- -9999 to 9999 ('n BC' → year = 1 - n) date.month = m -- 1 to 12 (may be nil if partial) date.day = d -- 1 to 31 (* = nil if partial) date.hour = H -- 0 to 59 (*) date.minute = M -- 0 to 59 (*) date.second = S -- 0 to 59 (*) if type(options) == 'table' then for _, k in ipairs({ 'am', 'era', 'format' }) do if options[k] then date.options[k] = options[k] end end end return true end local function make_option_table(options1, options2) -- If options1 is a string, return a table with its settings, or -- if it is a table, use its settings. -- Missing options are set from table options2 or defaults. -- If a default is used, a flag is set so caller knows the value was not intentionally set. -- Valid option settings are: -- am: 'am', 'a.m.', 'AM', 'A.M.' -- 'pm', 'p.m.', 'PM', 'P.M.' (each has same meaning as corresponding item above) -- era: 'BCMINUS', 'BCNEGATIVE', 'BC', 'B.C.', 'BCE', 'B.C.E.', 'AD', 'A.D.', 'CE', 'C.E.' -- Option am = 'am' does not mean the hour is AM; it means 'am' or 'pm' is used, depending on the hour, -- and am = 'pm' has the same meaning. -- Similarly, era = 'BC' means 'BC' is used if year <= 0. -- BCMINUS displays a MINUS if year < 0 and the display format does not include %{era}. -- BCNEGATIVE is similar but displays a hyphen. local result = { bydefault = {} } if type(options1) == 'table' then result.am = options1.am result.era = options1.era elseif type(options1) == 'string' then -- Example: 'am:AM era:BC' or 'am=AM era=BC'. for item in options1:gmatch('%S+') do local lhs, rhs = item:match('^(%w+)[:=](.+)$') if lhs then result[lhs] = rhs end end end options2 = type(options2) == 'table' and options2 or {} local defaults = { am = 'am', era = 'a. C.' } for k, v in pairs(defaults) do if not result[k] then if options2[k] then result[k] = options2[k] else result[k] = v result.bydefault[k] = true end end end return result end local ampm_options = { -- lhs = input text accepted as an am/pm option -- rhs = code used internally ['am'] = 'am', ['AM'] = 'AM', ['a.m.'] = 'a.m.', ['A.M.'] = 'A.M.', ['pm'] = 'am', -- same as am ['PM'] = 'AM', ['p.m.'] = 'a.m.', ['P.M.'] = 'A.M.', } local era_text = { -- Text for displaying an era with a positive year (after adjusting -- by replacing year with 1 - year if date.year <= 0). -- options.era = { year<=0 , year>0 } ['BCMINUS'] = { 'BC' , '' , isbc = true, sign = MINUS }, ['BCNEGATIVE'] = { 'BC' , '' , isbc = true, sign = '-' }, ['BC'] = { 'BC' , '' , isbc = true }, ['B.C.'] = { 'B.C.' , '' , isbc = true }, ['BCE'] = { 'BCE' , '' , isbc = true }, ['B.C.E.'] = { 'B.C.E.', '' , isbc = true }, ['AD'] = { 'BC' , 'AD' }, ['A.D.'] = { 'B.C.' , 'A.D.' }, ['CE'] = { 'BCE' , 'CE' }, ['C.E.'] = { 'B.C.E.', 'C.E.' }, --ABREVIATURAS EN ESPAÑOL-- ['a. C.'] = { 'a. C.' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de Cristo ['a. de C.'] = { 'a. de C.' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de Cristo ['a. de J. C.'] = { 'a. de J. C.' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de Jesucristo ['a. J. C.'] = { 'a. J. C.' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de Jesucristo ['AEC'] = { 'AEC' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de la era común ['a. e. c.'] = { 'a. e. c.' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de la era común ['a. n. e.'] = { 'a. n. e.' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de nuestra era ['a. e. v.'] = { 'a. e. v.' , '' , isbc = true }, --antes de la era vulgar ['d. C.'] = { 'a. C.' , 'd. C.' }, --después de Cristo ['d. de C.'] = { 'a. de C.' , 'd. de C.' }, --después de Cristo ['d. de J. C.'] = { 'a. de J. C.' , 'd. de J. C.' }, --después de Jesucristo ['d. J. C.'] = { 'a. J. C.' , 'd. J. C.' }, --después de Jesucristo ['EC'] = { 'AEC' , 'EC' }, --era común ['e. c.'] = { 'a. e. c.' , 'e. c.' }, --era común ['n. e.'] = { 'a. n. e.' , 'n. e.' }, --nuestra era ['e. v.'] = { 'a. e. v.' , 'e. v.' }, --era vulgar ['A. D.'] = { 'a. C.' , 'A. D.' }, --anno Domini } local function get_era_for_year(era, year) return (era_text[era] or era_text['a. C.'])[year > 0 and 2 or 1]:gsub(" ", "&nbsp;") or '' end local function strftime(date, format, options) -- Return date formatted as a string using codes similar to those -- in the C strftime library function. local sformat = string.format local shortcuts = { ['%c'] = '%-I:%M %p %-d de %B de %-Y %{era}', -- date and time: 2:30 pm 1 de abril de 2016 ['%x'] = '%-d de %B de %-Y %{era}', -- date: 1 de abril de 2016 ['%X'] = '%-I:%M %p', -- time: 2:30 pm } if shortcuts[format] then format = shortcuts[format] end local codes = { a = { field = 'dayabbr' }, A = { field = 'dayname' }, b = { field = 'monthabbr' }, B = { field = 'monthname' }, u = { fmt = '%d' , field = 'dowiso' }, w = { fmt = '%d' , field = 'dow' }, d = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'day' }, m = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'month' }, Y = { fmt = '%04d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'year' }, H = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour' }, M = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'minute' }, S = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'second' }, j = { fmt = '%03d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'dayofyear' }, I = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour', special = 'hour12' }, p = { field = 'hour', special = 'am' }, } options = make_option_table(options, date.options) local amopt = options.am local eraopt = options.era local function replace_code(spaces, modifier, id) local code = codes[id] if code then local fmt = code.fmt if modifier == '-' and code.fmt2 then fmt = code.fmt2 end local value = date[code.field] if not value then return nil -- an undefined field in a partial date end local special = code.special if special then if special == 'hour12' then value = value % 12 value = value == 0 and 12 or value elseif special == 'am' then local ap = ({ ['a.m.'] = { 'a.m.', 'p.m.' }, ['AM'] = { 'AM', 'PM' }, ['A.M.'] = { 'A.M.', 'P.M.' }, })[ampm_options[amopt]] or { 'am', 'pm' } return (spaces == '' and '' or '&nbsp;') .. (value < 12 and ap[1] or ap[2]) end end if code.field == 'year' then local sign = (era_text[eraopt] or {}).sign if not sign or format:find('%{era}', 1, true) then sign = '' if value <= 0 then value = 1 - value end else if value >= 0 then sign = '' else value = -value end end return spaces .. sign .. sformat(fmt, value) end return spaces .. (fmt and sformat(fmt, value) or value) end end local function replace_property(spaces, id) if id == 'era' then -- Special case so can use local era option. local result = get_era_for_year(eraopt, date.year) if result == '' then return '' end return (spaces == '' and '' or '&nbsp;') .. result end local result = date[id] if type(result) == 'string' then return spaces .. result end if type(result) == 'number' then return spaces .. tostring(result) end if type(result) == 'boolean' then return spaces .. (result and '1' or '0') end -- This occurs if id is an undefined field in a partial date, or is the name of a function. return nil end local PERCENT = '\127PERCENT\127' return (format :gsub('%%%%', PERCENT) :gsub('(%s*)%%{(%w+)}', replace_property) :gsub('(%s*)%%(%-?)(%a)', replace_code) :gsub(PERCENT, '%%') ) end local function _date_text(date, fmt, options) -- Return a formatted string representing the given date. if not is_date(date) then error('date:text: need a date (use "date:text()" with a colon)', 2) end if type(fmt) == 'string' and fmt:match('%S') then if fmt:find('%', 1, true) then return strftime(date, fmt, options) end elseif date.partial then fmt = date.month and 'my' or 'y' else fmt = 'dmy' if date.hastime then fmt = (date.second > 0 and 'hms ' or 'hm ') .. fmt end end local function bad_format() -- For consistency with other format processing, return given format -- (or cleaned format if original was not a string) if invalid. return mw.text.nowiki(fmt) end if date.partial then -- Ignore days in standard formats like 'ymd'. if fmt == 'ym' or fmt == 'ymd' then fmt = date.month and '%Y-%m %{era}' or '%Y %{era}' elseif fmt == 'my' or fmt == 'dmy' or fmt == 'mdy' then fmt = date.month and '%B %-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}' elseif fmt == 'y' then fmt = date.month and '%-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}' else return bad_format() end return strftime(date, fmt, options) end local function hm_fmt() local plain = make_option_table(options, date.options).bydefault.am return plain and '%H:%M' or '%-I:%M %p' end local need_time = date.hastime local t = collection() for item in fmt:gmatch('%S+') do local f if item == 'hm' then f = hm_fmt() need_time = false elseif item == 'hms' then f = '%H:%M:%S' need_time = false elseif item == 'ymd' then f = '%Y-%m-%d %{era}' elseif item == 'mdy' then f = '%B %-d, %-Y %{era}' elseif item == 'dmy' then f = '%-d de %B de %-Y %{era}' else return bad_format() end t:add(f) end fmt = t:join(' ') if need_time then fmt = hm_fmt() .. ' ' .. fmt end return strftime(date, fmt, options) end local day_info = { -- 0=Sun to 6=Sat [0] = { 'do', 'domingo' }, { 'lu', 'lunes' }, { 'ma', 'martes' }, { 'mi', 'miércoles' }, { 'ju', 'jueves' }, { 'vi', 'viernes' }, { 'sa', 'sábado' }, } local month_info = { -- 1=Jan to 12=Dec { 'ene', 'enero' }, { 'feb', 'febrero' }, { 'mar', 'marzo' }, { 'abr', 'abril' }, { 'may', 'mayo' }, { 'jun', 'junio' }, { 'jul', 'julio' }, { 'ago', 'agosto' }, { 'sep', 'septiembre' }, { 'oct', 'octubre' }, { 'nov', 'noviembre' }, { 'dic', 'diciembre' }, } for k,v in pairs(month_info) do month_info[ v[1] ], month_info[ v[2] ] = v, v end local function name_to_number(text, translate) if type(text) == 'string' then return translate['xx' .. text:lower():gsub('é', 'e'):gsub('á', 'a')] end end local function day_number(text) return name_to_number(text, { xxdo = 0, xxdomingo = 0, xxlu = 1, xxlunes = 1, xxlune = 1, xxma = 2, xxmartes = 2, xxmarte = 2, xxmi = 3, xxmiercoles = 3, xxmiercole = 3, xxju = 4, xxjueves = 4, xxjueve = 4, xxvi = 5, xxviernes = 5, xxvierne = 5, xxsat = 6, xxsabado = 6 }) end local function month_number(text) return name_to_number(text, { xxene = 1, xxenero = 1, xxfeb = 2, xxfebrero = 2, xxmar = 3, xxmarzo = 3, xxabr = 4, xxabril = 4, xxmay = 5, xxmayo = 5, xxjun = 6, xxjunio = 6, xxjul = 7, xxjulio = 7, xxago = 8, xxagosto = 8, xxsep = 9, xxseptiembre = 9, xxsept = 9, xxoct = 10, xxoctubre = 10, xxnov = 11, xxnoviembre = 11, xxdic = 12, xxdiciembre = 12, }) end local function _list_text(list, fmt) -- Return a list of formatted strings from a list of dates. if not type(list) == 'table' then error('date:list:text: need "list:text()" with a colon', 2) end local result = { join = _list_join } for i, date in ipairs(list) do result[i] = date:text(fmt) end return result end local function _date_list(date, spec) -- Return a possibly empty numbered table of dates meeting the specification. -- Dates in the list are in ascending order (oldest date first). -- The spec should be a string of form "<count> <day> <op>" -- where each item is optional and -- count = number of items wanted in list -- day = abbreviation or name such as Mon or Monday -- op = >, >=, <, <= (default is > meaning after date) -- If no count is given, the list is for the specified days in date's month. -- The default day is date's day. -- The spec can also be a positive or negative number: -- -5 is equivalent to '5 <' -- 5 is equivalent to '5' which is '5 >' if not is_date(date) then error('date:list: need a date (use "date:list()" with a colon)', 2) end local list = { text = _list_text } if date.partial then return list end local count, offset, operation local ops = { ['>='] = { before = false, include = true }, ['>'] = { before = false, include = false }, ['<='] = { before = true , include = true }, ['<'] = { before = true , include = false }, } if spec then if type(spec) == 'number' then count = floor(spec + 0.5) if count < 0 then count = -count operation = ops['<'] end elseif type(spec) == 'string' then local num, day, op = spec:match('^%s*(%d*)%s*(%a*)%s*([<>=]*)%s*$') if not num then return list end if num ~= '' then count = tonumber(num) end if day ~= '' then local dow = day_number(day:gsub('[sS]$', '')) -- accept plural days if not dow then return list end offset = dow - date.dow end operation = ops[op] else return list end end offset = offset or 0 operation = operation or ops['>'] local datefrom, dayfirst, daylast if operation.before then if offset > 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then offset = offset - 7 end if count then if count > 1 then offset = offset - 7*(count - 1) end datefrom = date + offset else daylast = date.day + offset dayfirst = daylast % 7 if dayfirst == 0 then dayfirst = 7 end end else if offset < 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then offset = offset + 7 end if count then datefrom = date + offset else dayfirst = date.day + offset daylast = date.monthdays end end if not count then if daylast < dayfirst then return list end count = floor((daylast - dayfirst)/7) + 1 datefrom = Date(date, {day = dayfirst}) end for i = 1, count do if not datefrom then break end -- exceeds date limits list[i] = datefrom datefrom = datefrom + 7 end return list end -- A table to get the current date/time (UTC), but only if needed. local current = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (self, key) local d = os.date('!*t') self.year = d.year self.month = d.month self.day = d.day self.hour = d.hour self.minute = d.min self.second = d.sec return rawget(self, key) end }) local function extract_date(newdate, text) -- Parse the date/time in text and return n, o where -- n = table of numbers with date/time fields -- o = table of options for AM/PM or AD/BC or format, if any -- or return nothing if date is known to be invalid. -- Caller determines if the values in n are valid. -- A year must be positive ('1' to '9999'); use 'BC' for BC. -- In a y-m-d string, the year must be four digits to avoid ambiguity -- ('0001' to '9999'). The only way to enter year <= 0 is by specifying -- the date as three numeric parameters like ymd Date(-1, 1, 1). -- Dates of form d/m/y, m/d/y, y/m/d are [partially] rejected as potentially ambiguous. local date, options = {}, {} if text:sub(-1) == 'Z' then -- Extract date/time from a Wikidata timestamp. -- The year can be 1 to 16 digits but this module handles 1 to 4 digits only. -- Examples: '+2016-06-21T14:30:00Z', '-0000000180-00-00T00:00:00Z'. local sign, y, m, d, H, M, S = text:match('^([+%-])(%d+)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)T(%d%d):(%d%d):(%d%d)Z$') if sign then y = tonumber(y) if sign == '-' and y > 0 then y = -y end if y <= 0 then options.era = 'a. C.' -- Sets the era when the year is negative on the timestamp end date.year = y m = tonumber(m) d = tonumber(d) H = tonumber(H) M = tonumber(M) S = tonumber(S) if m == 0 then newdate.partial = true return date, options end date.month = m if d == 0 then newdate.partial = true return date, options end date.day = d if H > 0 or M > 0 or S > 0 then date.hour = H date.minute = M date.second = S end return date, options end return end local a, b, c = text:match('^(%d+)[-./](%d+)[-./](%d+)$') if a --[[ and b and c --]] then a = tonumber(a) b = tonumber(b) c = tonumber(c) --[[ -- use extract_ymd for this if a > 31 and m <= 12 and c > 12 then date.year, date.month, date.day = a, b, c options.format = 'ymd' newdate.partial = true return date, options else--]] if a > 12 and b <= 12 and c > 31 then date.year, date.month, date.day = c, b, a options.format = 'dmy' newdate.partial = true return date, options elseif a <= 12 and b > 12 and c > 31 then date.year, date.month, date.day = c, a, b options.format = 'mdy' newdate.partial = true return date, options end end local function extract_ymd(item) -- Called when no day or month has been set. local y, m, d = item:match('^(%d%d%d%d)[-./](%w+)[-./](%d%d?)$') if y then if date.year then return end if m:match('^%d%d?$') then m = tonumber(m) else m = month_number(m) end if m then date.year = tonumber(y) date.month = m date.day = tonumber(d) return true end end end local function extract_day_or_year(item) -- Called when a day would be valid, or -- when a year would be valid if no year has been set and partial is set. local number, suffix = item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)(.*)$') if number then local n = tonumber(number) if #number <= 2 and n <= 31 then suffix = suffix:lower() if suffix == '' or suffix == 'st' or suffix == 'nd' or suffix == 'rd' or suffix == 'th' then date.day = n return true end elseif suffix == '' and newdate.partial and not date.year then date.year = n return true end end end local function extract_month(item) -- A month must be given as a name or abbreviation; a number could be ambiguous. local m = month_number(item) if m then date.month = m return true end end local function extract_time(item) local h, m, s = item:match('^(%d%d?):(%d%d)(:?%d*)$') if date.hour or not h then return end if s ~= '' then s = s:match('^:(%d%d)$') if not s then return end end date.hour = tonumber(h) date.minute = tonumber(m) date.second = tonumber(s) -- nil if empty string return true end local item_count = 0 local index_time local function set_ampm(item) local H = date.hour if H and not options.am and index_time + 1 == item_count then options.am = ampm_options[item] -- caller checked this is not nil if item:match('^[Aa]') then if not (1 <= H and H <= 12) then return end if H == 12 then date.hour = 0 end else if not (1 <= H and H <= 23) then return end if H <= 11 then date.hour = H + 12 end end return true end end --Filtrar abreviaturas de era for key,value in pairs(era_text) do if string.find(text, key) ~= nil then options.era = key text = string.gsub(text, key, '') break end end for item in text:gsub(',', ' '):gsub('del?', ''):gsub('&nbsp;', ' '):gmatch('%S+') do item_count = item_count + 1 if era_text[item] then -- Era is accepted in peculiar places. if options.era then return end options.era = item elseif ampm_options[item] then if not set_ampm(item) then return end elseif item:find(':', 1, true) then if not extract_time(item) then return end index_time = item_count elseif date.day and date.month then if date.year then return -- should be nothing more so item is invalid end if not item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)$') then return end date.year = tonumber(item) elseif day_number(item) then --catch month day case elseif date.day then if not extract_month(item) then return end elseif date.month then if not extract_day_or_year(item) then return end elseif extract_month(item) then options.format = 'mdy' elseif extract_ymd(item) then options.format = 'ymd' elseif extract_day_or_year(item) then if date.day then options.format = 'dmy' end else --return not return if item not recognized end end if not date.year or date.year == 0 then return end local era = era_text[options.era] if era and era.isbc then date.year = 1 - date.year end return date, options end local function autofill(date1, date2) -- Fill any missing month or day in each date using the -- corresponding component from the other date, if present, -- or with 1 if both dates are missing the month or day. -- This gives a good result for calculating the difference -- between two partial dates when no range is wanted. -- Return filled date1, date2 (two full dates). local function filled(a, b) local fillmonth, fillday if not a.month then fillmonth = b.month or 1 end if not a.day then fillday = b.day or 1 end if fillmonth or fillday then -- need to create a new date if (fillmonth or a.month) == 2 and (fillday or a.day) == 29 then -- Avoid invalid date, for example with {{age|2013|29 Feb 2016}} or {{age|Feb 2013|29 Jan 2015}}. if not is_leap_year(a.year, a.calendar) then fillday = 28 end end a = Date(a, { month = fillmonth, day = fillday }) end return a end return filled(date1, date2), filled(date2, date1) end local function date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, is_sub) -- Return a new date from calculating (lhs + rhs) or (lhs - rhs), -- or return nothing if invalid. -- The result is nil if the calculated date exceeds allowable limits. -- Caller ensures that lhs is a date; its properties are copied for the new date. if lhs.partial then -- Adding to a partial is not supported. -- Can subtract a date or partial from a partial, but this is not called for that. return end local function is_prefix(text, word, minlen) local n = #text return (minlen or 1) <= n and n <= #word and text == word:sub(1, n) end local function do_days(n) local forcetime, jd if floor(n) == n then jd = lhs.jd else forcetime = not lhs.hastime jd = lhs.jdz end jd = jd + (is_sub and -n or n) if forcetime then jd = tostring(jd) if not jd:find('.', 1, true) then jd = jd .. '.0' end end return Date(lhs, 'juliandate', jd) end if type(rhs) == 'number' then -- Add/subtract days, including fractional days. return do_days(rhs) end if type(rhs) == 'string' then -- rhs is a single component like '26m' or '26 months' (with optional sign). -- Fractions like '3.25d' are accepted for the units which are handled as days. local sign, numstr, id = rhs:match('^%s*([+-]?)([%d%.]+)%s*(%a+)$') if sign then if sign == '-' then is_sub = not (is_sub and true or false) end local y, m, days local num = tonumber(numstr) if not num then return end id = id:lower() if is_prefix(id, 'years') then y = num m = 0 elseif is_prefix(id, 'months') then y = floor(num / 12) m = num % 12 elseif is_prefix(id, 'weeks') then days = num * 7 elseif is_prefix(id, 'days') then days = num elseif is_prefix(id, 'hours') then days = num / 24 elseif is_prefix(id, 'minutes', 3) then days = num / (24 * 60) elseif is_prefix(id, 'seconds') then days = num / (24 * 3600) else return end if days then return do_days(days) end if numstr:find('.', 1, true) then return end if is_sub then y = -y m = -m end assert(-11 <= m and m <= 11) y = lhs.year + y m = lhs.month + m if m > 12 then y = y + 1 m = m - 12 elseif m < 1 then y = y - 1 m = m + 12 end local d = math.min(lhs.day, days_in_month(y, m, lhs.calendar)) return Date(lhs, y, m, d) end end if is_diff(rhs) then local days = rhs.age_days if (is_sub or false) ~= (rhs.isnegative or false) then days = -days end return lhs + days end end local full_date_only = { dayabbr = true, dayname = true, dow = true, dayofweek = true, dowiso = true, dayofweekiso = true, dayofyear = true, gsd = true, juliandate = true, jd = true, jdz = true, jdnoon = true, } -- Metatable for a date's calculated fields. local datemt = { __index = function (self, key) if rawget(self, 'partial') then if full_date_only[key] then return end if key == 'monthabbr' or key == 'monthdays' or key == 'monthname' then if not self.month then return end end end local value if key == 'dayabbr' then value = day_info[self.dow][1] elseif key == 'dayname' then value = day_info[self.dow][2] elseif key == 'dow' then value = (self.jdnoon + 1) % 7 -- day-of-week 0=Sun to 6=Sat elseif key == 'dayofweek' then value = self.dow elseif key == 'dowiso' then value = (self.jdnoon % 7) + 1 -- ISO day-of-week 1=Mon to 7=Sun elseif key == 'dayofweekiso' then value = self.dowiso elseif key == 'dayofyear' then local first = Date(self.year, 1, 1, self.calendar).jdnoon value = self.jdnoon - first + 1 -- day-of-year 1 to 366 elseif key == 'era' then -- Era text (never a negative sign) from year and options. value = get_era_for_year(self.options.era, self.year) elseif key == 'format' then value = self.options.format or 'dmy' elseif key == 'gsd' then -- GSD = 1 from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 on 1 January 1 AD Gregorian calendar, -- which is from jd 1721425.5 to 1721426.49999. value = floor(self.jd - 1721424.5) elseif key == 'juliandate' or key == 'jd' or key == 'jdz' then local jd, jdz = julian_date(self) rawset(self, 'juliandate', jd) rawset(self, 'jd', jd) rawset(self, 'jdz', jdz) return key == 'jdz' and jdz or jd elseif key == 'jdnoon' then -- Julian date at noon (an integer) on the calendar day when jd occurs. value = floor(self.jd + 0.5) elseif key == 'isleapyear' then value = is_leap_year(self.year, self.calendar) elseif key == 'monthabbr' then value = month_info[self.month][1] elseif key == 'monthdays' then value = days_in_month(self.year, self.month, self.calendar) elseif key == 'monthname' then value = month_info[self.month][2] end if value ~= nil then rawset(self, key, value) return value end end, } -- Date operators. local function mt_date_add(lhs, rhs) if not is_date(lhs) then lhs, rhs = rhs, lhs -- put date on left (it must be a date for this to have been called) end return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs) end local function mt_date_sub(lhs, rhs) if is_date(lhs) then if is_date(rhs) then return DateDiff(lhs, rhs) end return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, true) end end local function mt_date_concat(lhs, rhs) return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs) end local function mt_date_tostring(self) return self:text() end local function mt_date_eq(lhs, rhs) -- Return true if dates identify same date/time where, for example, -- Date(-4712, 1, 1, 'Julian') == Date(-4713, 11, 24, 'Gregorian') is true. -- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod. if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then -- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date. -- The months may both be nil, but must be the same. return lhs.year == rhs.year and lhs.month == rhs.month and lhs.calendar == rhs.calendar end return lhs.jdz == rhs.jdz end local function mt_date_lt(lhs, rhs) -- Return true if lhs < rhs, for example, -- Date('1 Jan 2016') < Date('06:00 1 Jan 2016') is true. -- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod. if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then -- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date. if lhs.calendar ~= rhs.calendar then return lhs.calendar == 'Julian' end if lhs.partial then lhs = lhs.partial.first end if rhs.partial then rhs = rhs.partial.first end end return lhs.jdz < rhs.jdz end --[[ Examples of syntax to construct a date: Date(y, m, d, 'julian') default calendar is 'gregorian' Date(y, m, d, H, M, S, 'julian') Date('juliandate', jd, 'julian') if jd contains "." text output includes H:M:S Date('currentdate') Date('currentdatetime') Date('1 April 1995', 'julian') parse date from text Date('1 April 1995 AD', 'julian') using an era sets a flag to do the same for output Date('04:30:59 1 April 1995', 'julian') Date(date) copy of an existing date Date(date, t) same, updated with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t Date(t) date with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t ]] function Date(...) -- for forward declaration above -- Return a table holding a date assuming a uniform calendar always applies -- (proleptic Gregorian calendar or proleptic Julian calendar), or -- return nothing if date is invalid. -- A partial date has a valid year, however its month may be nil, and -- its day and time fields are nil. -- Field partial is set to false (if a full date) or a table (if a partial date). local calendars = { julian = 'Julian', gregorian = 'Gregorian' } local newdate = { _id = uniq, calendar = 'Gregorian', -- default is Gregorian calendar hastime = false, -- true if input sets a time hour = 0, -- always set hour/minute/second so don't have to handle nil minute = 0, second = 0, options = {}, list = _date_list, subtract = function (self, rhs, options) return DateDiff(self, rhs, options) end, text = _date_text, } local argtype, datetext, is_copy, jd_number, tnums local numindex = 0 local numfields = { 'year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second' } local numbers = {} for _, v in ipairs({...}) do v = strip_to_nil(v) local vlower = type(v) == 'string' and v:lower() or nil if v == nil then -- Ignore empty arguments after stripping so modules can directly pass template parameters. elseif calendars[vlower] then newdate.calendar = calendars[vlower] elseif vlower == 'partial' then newdate.partial = true elseif vlower == 'fix' then newdate.want_fix = true elseif is_date(v) then -- Copy existing date (items can be overridden by other arguments). if is_copy or tnums then return end is_copy = true newdate.calendar = v.calendar newdate.partial = v.partial newdate.hastime = v.hastime newdate.options = v.options newdate.year = v.year newdate.month = v.month newdate.day = v.day newdate.hour = v.hour newdate.minute = v.minute newdate.second = v.second elseif type(v) == 'table' then if tnums then return end tnums = {} local tfields = { year=1, month=1, day=1, hour=2, minute=2, second=2 } for tk, tv in pairs(v) do if tfields[tk] then tnums[tk] = tonumber(tv) end if tfields[tk] == 2 then newdate.hastime = true end end else local num = tonumber(v) if not num and argtype == 'setdate' and numindex == 1 then num = month_number(v) end if num then if not argtype then argtype = 'setdate' end if argtype == 'setdate' and numindex < 6 then numindex = numindex + 1 numbers[numfields[numindex]] = num elseif argtype == 'juliandate' and not jd_number then jd_number = num if type(v) == 'string' then if v:find('.', 1, true) then newdate.hastime = true end elseif num ~= floor(num) then -- The given value was a number. The time will be used -- if the fractional part is nonzero. newdate.hastime = true end else return end elseif argtype then return elseif type(v) == 'string' then if v == 'currentdate' or v == 'currentdatetime' or v == 'juliandate' then argtype = v else argtype = 'datetext' datetext = v end else return end end end if argtype == 'datetext' then if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, extract_date(newdate, datetext)) then return end elseif argtype == 'juliandate' then newdate.partial = nil newdate.jd = jd_number if not set_date_from_jd(newdate) then return end elseif argtype == 'currentdate' or argtype == 'currentdatetime' then newdate.partial = nil newdate.year = current.year newdate.month = current.month newdate.day = current.day if argtype == 'currentdatetime' then newdate.hour = current.hour newdate.minute = current.minute newdate.second = current.second newdate.hastime = true end newdate.calendar = 'Gregorian' -- ignore any given calendar name elseif argtype == 'setdate' then if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, numbers) then return end elseif not (is_copy or tnums) then return end if tnums then newdate.jd = nil -- force recalculation in case jd was set before changes from tnums if not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, tnums) then return end end if newdate.partial then local year = newdate.year local month = newdate.month local first = Date(year, month or 1, 1, newdate.calendar) month = month or 12 local last = Date(year, month, days_in_month(year, month), newdate.calendar) newdate.partial = { first = first, last = last } else newdate.partial = false -- avoid index lookup end setmetatable(newdate, datemt) local readonly = {} local mt = { __index = newdate, __newindex = function(t, k, v) error('date.' .. tostring(k) .. ' is read-only', 2) end, __add = mt_date_add, __sub = mt_date_sub, __concat = mt_date_concat, __tostring = mt_date_tostring, __eq = mt_date_eq, __lt = mt_date_lt, } return setmetatable(readonly, mt) end local function _diff_age(diff, code, options) -- Return a tuple of integer values from diff as specified by code, except that -- each integer may be a list of two integers for a diff with a partial date, or -- return nil if the code is not supported. -- If want round, the least significant unit is rounded to nearest whole unit. -- For a duration, an extra day is added. local wantround, wantduration, wantrange if type(options) == 'table' then wantround = options.round wantduration = options.duration wantrange = options.range else wantround = options end if not is_diff(diff) then local f = wantduration and 'duration' or 'age' error(f .. ': need a date difference (use "diff:' .. f .. '()" with a colon)', 2) end if diff.partial then -- Ignore wantround, wantduration. local function choose(v) if type(v) == 'table' then if not wantrange or v[1] == v[2] then -- Example: Date('partial', 2005) - Date('partial', 2001) gives -- diff.years = { 3, 4 } to show the range of possible results. -- If do not want a range, choose the second value as more expected. return v[2] end end return v end if code == 'ym' or code == 'ymd' then if not wantrange and diff.iszero then -- This avoids an unexpected result such as -- Date('partial', 2001) - Date('partial', 2001) -- giving diff = { years = 0, months = { 0, 11 } } -- which would be reported as 0 years and 11 months. return 0, 0 end return choose(diff.partial.years), choose(diff.partial.months) end if code == 'y' then return choose(diff.partial.years) end if code == 'm' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then return choose({ diff.partial.mindiff:age(code), diff.partial.maxdiff:age(code) }) end return nil end local extra_days = wantduration and 1 or 0 if code == 'wd' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then local offset = wantround and 0.5 or 0 local days = diff.age_days + extra_days if code == 'wd' or code == 'd' then days = floor(days + offset) if code == 'd' then return days end return floor(days/7), days % 7 end return floor(days/7 + offset) end local H, M, S = diff.hours, diff.minutes, diff.seconds if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' or code == 'h' or code == 'hm' or code == 'hms' then local days = floor(diff.age_days + extra_days) local inc_hour if wantround then if code == 'dh' or code == 'h' then if M >= 30 then inc_hour = true end elseif code == 'dhm' or code == 'hm' then if S >= 30 then M = M + 1 if M >= 60 then M = 0 inc_hour = true end end else -- Nothing needed because S is an integer. end if inc_hour then H = H + 1 if H >= 24 then H = 0 days = days + 1 end end end if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' then if code == 'dh' then return days, H elseif code == 'dhm' then return days, H, M else return days, H, M, S end end local hours = days * 24 + H if code == 'h' then return hours elseif code == 'hm' then return hours, M end return hours, M, S end if wantround then local inc_hour if code == 'ymdh' or code == 'ymwdh' then if M >= 30 then inc_hour = true end elseif code == 'ymdhm' or code == 'ymwdhm' then if S >= 30 then M = M + 1 if M >= 60 then M = 0 inc_hour = true end end elseif code == 'ymd' or code == 'ymwd' or code == 'yd' or code == 'md' then if H >= 12 then extra_days = extra_days + 1 end end if inc_hour then H = H + 1 if H >= 24 then H = 0 extra_days = extra_days + 1 end end end local y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days if extra_days > 0 then d = d + extra_days if d > 28 or code == 'yd' then -- Recalculate in case have passed a month. diff = diff.date1 + extra_days - diff.date2 y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days end end if code == 'ymd' then return y, m, d elseif code == 'yd' then if y > 0 then -- It is known that diff.date1 > diff.date2. diff = diff.date1 - (diff.date2 + (y .. 'y')) end return y, floor(diff.age_days) elseif code == 'md' then return y * 12 + m, d elseif code == 'ym' or code == 'm' then if wantround then if d >= 16 then m = m + 1 if m >= 12 then m = 0 y = y + 1 end end end if code == 'ym' then return y, m end return y * 12 + m elseif code == 'ymw' then local weeks = floor(d/7) if wantround then local days = d % 7 if days > 3 or (days == 3 and H >= 12) then weeks = weeks + 1 end end return y, m, weeks elseif code == 'ymwd' then return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7 elseif code == 'ymdh' then return y, m, d, H elseif code == 'ymwdh' then return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H elseif code == 'ymdhm' then return y, m, d, H, M elseif code == 'ymwdhm' then return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H, M end if code == 'y' then if wantround and m >= 6 then y = y + 1 end return y end return nil end local function _diff_duration(diff, code, options) if type(options) ~= 'table' then options = { round = options } end options.duration = true return _diff_age(diff, code, options) end -- Metatable for some operations on date differences. diffmt = { -- for forward declaration above __concat = function (lhs, rhs) return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs) end, __tostring = function (self) return tostring(self.age_days) end, __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'age_days' then if rawget(self, 'partial') then local function jdz(date) return (date.partial and date.partial.first or date).jdz end value = jdz(self.date1) - jdz(self.date2) else value = self.date1.jdz - self.date2.jdz end end if value ~= nil then rawset(self, key, value) return value end end, } function DateDiff(date1, date2, options) -- for forward declaration above -- Return a table with the difference between two dates (date1 - date2). -- The difference is negative if date1 is older than date2. -- Return nothing if invalid. -- If d = date1 - date2 then -- date1 = date2 + d -- If date1 >= date2 and the dates have no H:M:S time specified then -- date1 = date2 + (d.years..'y') + (d.months..'m') + d.days -- where the larger time units are added first. -- The result of Date(2015,1,x) + '1m' is Date(2015,2,28) for -- x = 28, 29, 30, 31. That means, for example, -- d = Date(2015,3,3) - Date(2015,1,31) -- gives d.years, d.months, d.days = 0, 1, 3 (excluding date1). if not (is_date(date1) and is_date(date2) and date1.calendar == date2.calendar) then return end local wantfill if type(options) == 'table' then wantfill = options.fill end local isnegative = false local iszero = false if date1 < date2 then isnegative = true date1, date2 = date2, date1 elseif date1 == date2 then iszero = true end -- It is known that date1 >= date2 (period is from date2 to date1). if date1.partial or date2.partial then -- Two partial dates might have timelines: ---------------------A=================B--- date1 is from A to B inclusive --------C=======D-------------------------- date2 is from C to D inclusive -- date1 > date2 iff A > C (date1.partial.first > date2.partial.first) -- The periods can overlap ('April 2001' - '2001'): -------------A===B------------------------- A=2001-04-01 B=2001-04-30 --------C=====================D------------ C=2001-01-01 D=2001-12-31 if wantfill then date1, date2 = autofill(date1, date2) else local function zdiff(date1, date2) local diff = date1 - date2 if diff.isnegative then return date1 - date1 -- a valid diff in case we call its methods end return diff end local function getdate(date, which) return date.partial and date.partial[which] or date end local maxdiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'last'), getdate(date2, 'first')) local mindiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'first'), getdate(date2, 'last')) local years, months if maxdiff.years == mindiff.years then years = maxdiff.years if maxdiff.months == mindiff.months then months = maxdiff.months else months = { mindiff.months, maxdiff.months } end else years = { mindiff.years, maxdiff.years } end return setmetatable({ date1 = date1, date2 = date2, partial = { years = years, months = months, maxdiff = maxdiff, mindiff = mindiff, }, isnegative = isnegative, iszero = iszero, age = _diff_age, duration = _diff_duration, }, diffmt) end end local y1, m1 = date1.year, date1.month local y2, m2 = date2.year, date2.month local years = y1 - y2 local months = m1 - m2 local d1 = date1.day + hms(date1) local d2 = date2.day + hms(date2) local days, time if d1 >= d2 then days = d1 - d2 else months = months - 1 -- Get days in previous month (before the "to" date) given December has 31 days. local dpm = m1 > 1 and days_in_month(y1, m1 - 1, date1.calendar) or 31 if d2 >= dpm then days = d1 - hms(date2) else days = dpm - d2 + d1 end end if months < 0 then years = years - 1 months = months + 12 end days, time = math.modf(days) local H, M, S = h_m_s(time) return setmetatable({ date1 = date1, date2 = date2, partial = false, -- avoid index lookup years = years, months = months, days = days, hours = H, minutes = M, seconds = S, isnegative = isnegative, iszero = iszero, age = _diff_age, duration = _diff_duration, }, diffmt) end local z = { _current = current, _Date = Date, _days_in_month = days_in_month, } -- Here begins the adapted functions of [[Module:Time]] -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- function z.currentDate() local d = os.date('!*t') local Date = {} Date.year = d.year Date.month = d.month Date.day = d.day Date.hour = d.hour Date.minute = d.min Date.second = d.sec return Date end function validate(Date) Date.year = tonumber(Date.year) Date.month = tonumber(Date.month) Date.day = tonumber(Date.day) Date.hour = tonumber(Date.hour) Date.minute = tonumber(Date.minute) Date.second = tonumber(Date.second) -- It remains to validate that it is a valid date end function z.age(date1, date2) --Function that returns the age in years between two dates --Dates are assumed to have been previously validated. if not date1 then return -- missing to return an error end if not date2 then date2=z.currentDate() end local years = date2.year - date1.year --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(date2) end if date2.month < date1.month or (date2.month == date1.month and date2.day < date1.day) then years = years - 1 end if years < 0 then return -- missing to return an error elseif years == 0 then return 'ዓመት ኣብ ዘይመልእ ግዜ' elseif years == 1 then return 'ሓደ ዓመት' else return years .. ' ዓመታት' end end function z.callFromATemplate(frame) function getDate(day, month, year) local result={} if day then result.day = day result.month = month result.year = year validate(result) return result end end local args = frame.args local task = z[args[1]] local date1 = getDate(args[2], args[3], args[4]) local date2 = getDate(args[5], args[6], args[7]) return task(date1, date2) end -- Here begins the adapted functions of [[Module:Times]] -- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- function z.NameOfMonth(month) -- Function that returns the name of the month, where month is a number between 1 and 12. -- If not, the month value is returned. -- For example, 2 --> ለካቲት -- 02 --> ለካቲት -- ሚያዝያ --> ሚያዝያ -- ግንቦት --> ግንቦት return month_info[tonumber(month)][2] or month end function z.Time(frame) -- Function that formats a date -- The only mandatory parameter is the year or 3. -- Get the arguments with which the function is called local arguments = {} local parent = {} if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then if frame.args[3] or frame.args["ዓመት"] then arguments = frame.args else parent = frame:getParent() arguments = parent.args end else arguments = frame end local link = arguments["link"] ~= "no" -- Obtain the day, the name of the month and the year including for negative years a.d. local day = arguments["መዓልቲ"] or arguments[1] or '' local month = arguments["ወርሒ"] or arguments[2] or '' local year=tonumber(arguments["ዓመት"] or arguments[3]) or 0 day = (day ~='') and (tonumber(day) or day) or day -- Remove leading zeros of the day. month = (month~='') and ((month_info[month] and month_info[month][2]) or month_info[tonumber(month)][2] or month) or month -- Extract month name year = (year<0) and (-year .. ' ቅ.ክ.') or year local calendar = (arguments["calendar"] == 'julian') and ('^{[[Julian calendar|jul.]]}') or '' -- Format the date depending on whether the day, month or year are reported local out = '' if year ~= 0 then out = link and (out .. '[[' .. year .. ']]') or tostring(year) if month~='' then if arguments["uppercase"] == 'yes' then month = mw.language.new('ti'):ucfirst(month) end out = link and (month .. ']] ' .. out) or (month .. '' .. out) if day ~='' then out = link and ('[[' .. day .. '' .. out .. calendar) or (day .. '' .. out .. calendar) else out = link and ('[[' .. out) or out end end end return out end function z.Numerical(frame) local d = Date(frame.args[1]) local err = '<strong class="error">Invalid date string</strong>' return (d == nil) and err or d:text('%Y%m%d') end return z osmh60ixeubh855nzeeh0kg18z5f72e 0 5719 22674 2021-04-24T21:11:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[እንግሊዝኛ]] to [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ it refers to the language wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]] s77fivoimsqdrl1758qcth8qmoamzbt 10 5720 22685 2021-04-25T22:53:39Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=pt }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} መደብ:ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝ...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=pt }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ፖርቱጊዝኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude> 7k9yl7rkxefsaqjsdm6ugqfsdmg6bra 100 5724 24635 24631 2023-12-06T00:03:01Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 wikitext text/x-wiki **ሕብረተሰብ:** *ሕብረተሰብ* ማለት ናይ ሓባር ጂኦግራፍያዊ ኣቀማምጣ፣ ባህሊ፣ ማሕበራዊ ኣቃውማ ዘለዎም፣ ብዝተፈላለየ ዝምድናን ምትእስሳርን ዝተኣሳሰሩ ውልቀሰባት ዘመልክት እዩ። ሰባት ዝነብሩሉን ዝራኸብሉን ዝውደቡሉን ኣገባብ ዝቐርጽ ዝተሓላለኸ መርበብ ምትእስሳር ደቂ ሰባት እዩ። ሕብረተሰብ ኣብ ሕመረቱ ንሓደ ጉጅለ ሰባት ዝገልጹ ሓባራዊ ባህርያት፡ እምነታት፡ ስርዓታትን ትካላትን ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ኣሃዱታት ስድራቤት፡ ማሕበረሰባትን ትካላትን ሓዊሱ ማሕበራዊ መሓውራት፡ ንሰብኣዊ ምትእስሳር ንምውዳብን ንምምሕዳርን ማዕቀፋት ይህቡ። እዞም መሓውራት እዚኦም ኣብ ውሽጢ እቲ ሕብረተሰብ ተራ፣ ሓላፍነትን ትፅቢትን ኣብ ምምስራት ኣበርክቶ ይገብሩ። መጽናዕቲ ሕብረተሰብ ማሕበራዊ ቅዲታት፡ ትካላትን ዳይናሚክስን ምምርማር ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ተመራመርቲ ስነ-ማሕበረሰብ፡ ውልቀሰባትን ጉጅለታትን ብኸመይ ከም ዝራኸቡ፡ ስርዓታትን ክብርታትን ብኸመይ ከም ዝምስረት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ማሕበራዊ ለውጢ ምስ ግዜ ብኸመይ ከም ዝፍጠር ይትንትኑ። ቁልፊ ባእታታት ሕብረተሰብ ባህሊ፡ ማሕበራዊ ምትእስሳር፡ ማሕበራዊ ትካላት (ከም ትምህርቲ፡ መንግስትን ሃይማኖትን)፡ ከምኡ’ውን ማሕበራዊ ምድብላቕ ይርከብዎም። ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ሕብረተሰብ ዘሎ ባህሊ፡ ሰባት ንዓለም ዝርድእሉን ዝትርጉምሉን ኣገባብ ዝቐርጹ ናይ ሓባር እምነታት፡ ክብርታት፡ ልምድታትን ኣሰራርሓታትን ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ማሕበራዊ ምትእስሳር ውልቀሰባት ንመንነቶምን ናይ ዋንነት ስምዒቶምን ዝቐርጹ ስርዓታትን ባህርያትን ሕብረተሰቦም ዝመሃሩሉን ኣብ ውሽጦም ዘእትውሉን መስርሕ እዩ። ማሕበራዊ ትካላት ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ሕብረተሰብ ኣገደስቲ ስራሕቲ ዝፍጽሙ ውደባዊ መሓውራት ይህባ። ኣብ ምዕቃብ ስርዓት፡ ምትሕልላፍ ፍልጠትን ምቁጽጻር ባህርያትን ኣበርክቶ ይገብሩ። ማሕበራዊ ምድብ ምድብ (Social stratification) ንውልቀሰባት ኣብ ከም ሃብቲ፡ ስልጣንን ክብርን ዝኣመሰሉ ረቛሒታት ዝተመርኮሰ ስርዓተ-መሰረት ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ሕብረተሰባዊ ዳይናሚክስ ለውጢ ክመጽእ ዝኽእል ኮይኑ፡ ብከም ምዕባለታት ቴክኖሎጂ፡ ቁጠባዊ ለውጢ፡ ባህላዊ ፍልቀትን ፖለቲካዊ ምዕባለን ዝኣመሰሉ ረቛሒታት ይጽሎ። ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ሕብረተሰብ ዝካየድ ምትእስሳር ኣብ ቅድሚ እዚ ለውጥታት እዚ ንኽጻወርን ንኽላመድን ኣበርክቶ ይገብር። ብሓጺሩ ሕብረተሰብ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓባራዊ ሃዋህው ሰባት ንዝነብሩሉን ዝራኸብሉን ኣገባብ ብሓባር ዝቐርጽ ዝተሓላለኸን ንሓድሕዱ ዝተኣሳሰረን መርበብ ውልቀሰባትን ትካላትን ባህላዊ ባእታታትን እዩ። መጽናዕቲ ሕብረተሰብ ኣብ ዳይናሚክስን ዝተሓላለኸን ዝምድናታት ደቂ ሰባትን ማሕበራዊ ቅርጻታትን ክቡር ርድኢት ይህብ። eog0cmssvmlgq07ezlkapxc9783e9kq 8 5727 24721 24292 2024-03-05T06:11:22Z GVarnum-WMF 4187 link updates wikitext text/x-wiki ጽሑፍ ኣብ ትሕቲ <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ፍቓድ ክርኤቲቭ ኮመንዝ ባህርይ ተመሳሳሊ ምክፋል 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License)</a> ይርከብ እዩ፤ ተወሰኽቲ ውዕላት ከተግብሩ ይኽእሉ እዮም። ነዚ መካን እዚ ብምጥቃም፣ ን<a href="//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ውዕላት ኣጠቓቕማ</a>ናን ን<a href="//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ሕጊ ስትረት</a>ናን ትሰማምዓሉ ኢኻ። <br/>Wikipedia&reg; ዝተመዝገበ ምልክት ንግድ <a href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">መሰረት ዊኪሜድያ</a> እዩ፣ መኽሰብ ዘይድልብ ውድብ። 4iblrc1b2sszb0dhc71i6ewp7sy5ebt 0 5729 22756 2021-06-03T17:24:13Z ArticleEditor404 7562 Redirected page to [[ኣመሪካ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣመሪካ]] fukg6l1aqzjidzkj755ev55xoe15sb3 10 5730 22764 2021-06-21T08:51:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ፈረንሳዊት ጉያና]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ፈረንሳዊት ጊያና]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ፈረንሳዊት ጊያና]] 8336i14bqa4zwlzlcjq0wrmy68p3dv6 10 5731 22767 2021-06-21T09:03:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኡራጓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኡራጓይ]] rvovrpp5gs6cycpchv9cg0eooqn8f7v 10 5732 22769 2021-06-21T09:16:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሳህራዊ ዓረብ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ]]፦ wrong name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሃራዊ ዓረባዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] lopptb72h2urhcc8ts8qhzlwzan15hk 10 5733 22773 2021-06-21T09:23:09Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሳህራ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ]] c9mezarkfm7ka83mfmrz1m9rg9t9pys 10 5734 22775 2021-06-21T09:24:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ምዕራባዊ ሰሃራ]] c9mezarkfm7ka83mfmrz1m9rg9t9pys 10 5735 22777 2021-06-21T09:52:30Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data በኒን]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ቤኒን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቤኒን]] q6hl0lvt8x24qsoklkw0c7b4qjy71xt 10 5737 22795 2021-06-26T12:03:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽትንሽታይን]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] o7vgyt0mu9cbrr9ptb4zc8zki8as3la 10 5738 22798 2021-06-26T12:05:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] o7vgyt0mu9cbrr9ptb4zc8zki8as3la 10 5739 22799 2021-06-26T12:05:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] o7vgyt0mu9cbrr9ptb4zc8zki8as3la 10 5740 22800 2021-06-26T12:05:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሊኽተንሽታይን]] o7vgyt0mu9cbrr9ptb4zc8zki8as3la 10 5741 22801 2021-06-26T12:06:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] 09pcckpg6brpo63bb2l6fnn31h9kz69 10 5742 22802 2021-06-26T12:06:47Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] 09pcckpg6brpo63bb2l6fnn31h9kz69 10 5743 22803 2021-06-26T12:06:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] 09pcckpg6brpo63bb2l6fnn31h9kz69 10 5744 22804 2021-06-26T12:06:59Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ቬኔዝዌላ]] 09pcckpg6brpo63bb2l6fnn31h9kz69 10 5745 22807 2021-06-26T12:14:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ጅብራልታር]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ጂብራልታር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ጂብራልታር]] kjzmiu1c940atseqep5wkc3q6y0dqg5 10 5746 22808 2021-06-26T12:15:13Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ጂብራልታር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ጂብራልታር]] kjzmiu1c940atseqep5wkc3q6y0dqg5 10 5747 22810 2021-06-26T12:16:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ጅቡቲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ጅቡቲ]] gz2uxvxefwfv4k8s1fkr1ed4l78f8qw 10 5748 22812 2021-06-26T12:30:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ኩወይት]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] rs87d0vtdqigb3jtp6gwtf3jilrcwte 10 5749 22814 2021-06-26T12:31:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] rs87d0vtdqigb3jtp6gwtf3jilrcwte 10 5750 22815 2021-06-26T12:31:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] rs87d0vtdqigb3jtp6gwtf3jilrcwte 10 5751 22816 2021-06-26T12:31:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኩዌት]] rs87d0vtdqigb3jtp6gwtf3jilrcwte 0 5752 22819 2021-06-27T16:33:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኤርትራዊ ናቕፋ]] to [[ናቕፋ (ባጤራ)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ናቕፋ (ባጤራ)]] 8w1khbkz29et1juqv0xrdjpqezue3ht 10 5755 22867 2021-07-12T22:34:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሴራ ልዮን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሴራ ልዮን]] 3yf6lepmo9yetu7zf7qn5cnalsposg6 10 5756 22868 2021-07-12T22:34:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሴራ ልዮን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሴራ ልዮን]] 3yf6lepmo9yetu7zf7qn5cnalsposg6 14 5759 22894 2021-07-16T07:59:11Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ትግርኛ. lo7fl2mq80m8j3zj1egu4kbm5jgpu0x 14 5761 22928 2021-07-16T22:30:34Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ፋርስ. q4zf6mwgr6juzded7ydma40hymdxzxd 14 5762 22929 2021-07-16T22:30:34Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language እብራይስጥ. gbvtks1aj67l456t0g2ys8asagwur1m 14 5763 22930 2021-07-16T22:30:34Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Quechua. 4dbjefvpga13glrsc145a8zrmj0bcvs 14 5764 22931 2021-07-16T22:30:34Z Babel AutoCreate 4995 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page. wikitext text/x-wiki Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ስዋሂሊ. fg7iy5xpdngzrubx4vk8hy39sq1jksl 4 5765 22942 2021-07-24T15:14:43Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ዊኪፐድያ:ማሕበረሰብ መእተዊ ማዕጾ]] to [[ዊኪፐድያ:ማዕጾ ማሕበረ ሰብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ:ማዕጾ ማሕበረ ሰብ]] ijpcb293kc61mdeiienho7vjlfv1ts6 10 5771 22962 22961 2021-07-30T18:15:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ ኢትዮጵያ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} |name=ኢትዮጵያ | top = 15.3 | bottom = 2.9 | left = 32.7 | right = 48.3 | image = Ethiopia location map.svg |ቅርጻ_መሬት = Ethiopia relief location map.jpg }}<noinclude> {{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ኢትዮጵያ| ]] </noinclude> c0z6wkkk5d0iyvbpoztpbp8p7q7oi67 10 5772 22964 2021-07-30T18:27:34Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = ኣፍሪቃ | x = 48.852459016393 + 71.1 * cos({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * sin(({{{3}}} - 15) * pi / 180) * (((1 + cos({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * cos(({{{3}}} - 15) * pi / 180)) * 0.5) ^ - 0.5 ) | y = 51.180555555556 - 75.3 * sin({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * (((1 + cos({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * cos(({{{3}}} - 15) * pi / 180)) * 0.5) ^ -0.5) | image = Africa location map.svg | ቅርጻ_መሬት = Africa relief location map.jpg }}<noinclude>{{...» wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = ኣፍሪቃ | x = 48.852459016393 + 71.1 * cos({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * sin(({{{3}}} - 15) * pi / 180) * (((1 + cos({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * cos(({{{3}}} - 15) * pi / 180)) * 0.5) ^ - 0.5 ) | y = 51.180555555556 - 75.3 * sin({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * (((1 + cos({{{2}}} * pi / 180) * cos(({{{3}}} - 15) * pi / 180)) * 0.5) ^ -0.5) | image = Africa location map.svg | ቅርጻ_መሬት = Africa relief location map.jpg }}<noinclude>{{ካርታ ቦታ/ሓበሬታ}} ==ኣማራጽያዊ ካርታ== The alternate map parameter in [[ሞደል:ካርታ ቦታ]] can be used to display the following map: [[File:Africa relief location map.jpg|400x400px|thumb|left|AlternativeMap = Africa relief location map.jpg]] <div style="clear:both" ><div> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ካርታታት ቦታ ኣፍሪቃ| ]] </noinclude> snsy8pi2z964f5phjo7fe3gnz7bh2tf 0 5773 24779 24466 2024-05-11T11:38:48Z Kehaa 8913 wikitext text/x-wiki 7i6l0crl1giyqoplp6jk1b3yzvrc83o 0 5774 22979 2021-07-30T19:48:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] m1rfga1migl05wlepg6ramxwfsd46z2 0 5775 22980 2021-07-30T19:49:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] m1rfga1migl05wlepg6ramxwfsd46z2 0 5776 22990 2021-08-05T21:41:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ህንድ]] to [[ህንዲ]]፦ misspelling wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ህንዲ]] hvwv2rs32e8sfnkc9fqls7219gsft3g 10 5777 22992 2021-08-05T22:00:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሃገር ሓበሬታ]] to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር]] over redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር]] d2bm0ce9ov0p7k5jjw7k0c0b9fu00te 10 5778 22994 2021-08-05T22:00:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሃገር ሓበሬታ/doc]] to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር/doc]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር/doc]] ohhy5wdf9pbkl7hw3mat3u7e5i4wmc8 10 5779 22996 2021-08-05T22:00:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሃገር ሓበሬታ/ኣጠቓቕማ]] to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር/ኣጠቓቕማ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሃገር/ኣጠቓቕማ]] bmzv86s3evms7hawsxglrlhi8ya8e9q 0 5782 23012 2021-08-09T15:21:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ህንዲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ህንዲ]] hvwv2rs32e8sfnkc9fqls7219gsft3g 0 5783 23013 2021-08-09T15:22:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ህንዲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ህንዲ]] hvwv2rs32e8sfnkc9fqls7219gsft3g 0 5784 23014 2021-08-09T15:23:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ህንዲ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ህንዲ]] hvwv2rs32e8sfnkc9fqls7219gsft3g 0 5785 23016 2021-08-09T16:08:42Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኢትዮጵያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኢትዮጵያ]] 0sqquq0xcsmolpi9myatjaychdbe3t2 0 5786 23018 2021-08-09T17:46:47Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሶማልያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሶማልያ]] a8y0p9bqwc00edbnakaj9nn04zi2daa 0 5787 23019 2021-08-09T17:47:05Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሶማልያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሶማልያ]] a8y0p9bqwc00edbnakaj9nn04zi2daa 0 5788 23020 2021-08-09T17:47:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሶማልያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሶማልያ]] a8y0p9bqwc00edbnakaj9nn04zi2daa 10 5789 23022 2021-08-09T18:23:17Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ጀርመንኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude>...» wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ጀርመንኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ጀርመንኛ|ጀርመንኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} 3filzlchee93fgknu4cc3p1knmnhwtk 10 5790 23024 2021-08-09T18:33:40Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=de }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=de }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude> sikklfj1l5xbjf5maaq3y9zem350pfc 10 5791 23027 23025 2021-08-09T20:03:40Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:EUR]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{Flagcountry|ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት}}<noinclude>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ገለጽቲ ሃገር]]</noinclude> q6478u3if7hmn5dtzept8scu40fqsz0 10 5792 23026 2021-08-09T20:02:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:EUR]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:EUR]] 08lxb7vrhtqefhkvgqbpb6san3dtgvb 0 5793 23030 2021-08-09T21:49:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 5794 23031 2021-08-09T21:50:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 5795 23032 2021-08-09T21:50:57Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 5796 23033 2021-08-09T21:51:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 5797 23034 2021-08-09T21:52:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቬኔዝዌላ]] hl66muul4dq26ppxjs4vpvds8zsk3px 0 5799 23041 2021-08-11T21:47:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቺሌ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቺሌ]] 0k8oeo3uvzc0gdj01jn4p18zjteygnj 0 5800 24439 23740 2023-08-05T00:02:19Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Johann_Sebastian_Bach.png|thumb|ዮሃን ሰባስትያን ባኽ, 1746[[ፋይል:Johann_Sebastian_Bach_signature.svg|center|frameless|Bachs Unterschrift]]]] [[ፋይል:Bachsiegel.svg|thumb|"JSB"]] '''ዮሃን ሰባስትያን ባኽ''' (21 መጋቢት 1685 - 28 ሓምለ 1750) ጀርመናዊ ኣዳላዊ ባሮክ እዩ ነይሩ ። ሓደ ኻብቶም ኣብ ታሪኽ ምዕራባውያን ብሉጻት ሙዚቀኛታት ጌርካ እዩ ዚርአ ። ባኽ ንኸም ሞዛርት ቢቶቨን ብራምዝ ዝኣመሰሉ ሙዚቀኛታት ጸልይዎም ኢዩ ኣብቲ ግዜ እቲ ዝነበረ ሙዚቃ ድማ ብሉጽ ከም ዝኸውን ገበሮ ። ባኽ ሓደ ኻብቶም ኣብ ታሪኽ ምዕራባውያን ኣዝዮም ኣገደስቲ ስነ-ጥበባውያን እዩ ሙዚቃኡ ኸኣ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም እዩ ዚርአ።<ref>https://www.biography.com/musician/johann-sebastian-bach</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210814104959/https://baroquemusic.org/biojsbach.html</ref><ref>https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-6002278195</ref> ==መወከሲታት== <references /> [[መደብ:ጀርመን]] [[መደብ:ሙዚቃ]] 8p4gdrgbafn7dcka4ryccnah2gkturh 10 5801 23054 2021-08-23T00:08:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ምሕጻር]] to [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል]] 32jd2utrsrne6haesldr4ygci3qeqc9 10 5802 23056 2021-08-23T00:08:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ምሕጻር/doc]] to [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል/doc]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል/doc]] 7jtxjcp966hfh71ic49kqhwl9houkpz 10 5803 23058 2021-08-24T15:03:58Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<span class="plainlinks">[{{{1|{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}}}}} {{{2|{{{ኣርእስቲ|{{{TITLE|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}}}}]</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>» wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks">[{{{1|{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}}}}} {{{2|{{{ኣርእስቲ|{{{TITLE|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}}}}]</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> tofbfwsxksmp8mgk8i9bmpbxr0eup6v 10 5804 23059 2021-08-24T15:05:33Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Plain link]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Plain link]] dfs68r4ozudijej01mvkuzkcp7n90ig 10 5805 23060 2021-08-24T15:24:55Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: #F9F9F9; margin-left: {{#ifeq:{{{align|{{{ኣቀማምጣ|}}}}}}|left|0|1}}em; margin-right: {{#ifeq:{{{align|{{{ኣቀማምጣ|}}}}}}|left|1|0}}em; {{#ifeq:{{{ኣቀማምጣ|{{{align|}}}}}}|center|margin: auto;|float: {{{align|{{{ኣቀማምጣ|right}}}}}};}}width: {{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|248}}}}}}px; padding: 2px;"> {{#if: {{{ኣርእስቲ|}}} | <tr><th style="text-align:{{{ኣቀማም...» wikitext text/x-wiki <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: #F9F9F9; margin-left: {{#ifeq:{{{align|{{{ኣቀማምጣ|}}}}}}|left|0|1}}em; margin-right: {{#ifeq:{{{align|{{{ኣቀማምጣ|}}}}}}|left|1|0}}em; {{#ifeq:{{{ኣቀማምጣ|{{{align|}}}}}}|center|margin: auto;|float: {{{align|{{{ኣቀማምጣ|right}}}}}};}}width: {{{ስፍሓት|{{{width|248}}}}}}px; padding: 2px;"> {{#if: {{{ኣርእስቲ|}}} | <tr><th style="text-align:{{{ኣቀማምጣ ኣርእስቲ|center}}}; font-weight: bold; background-color:{{{ድሕረ ባይታ ኣርእስቲ|transparent}}};">{{{title|{{{ኣርእስቲ|}}}}}}</th></tr> }} {{#if: {{{እግሪ|{{{caption|}}}}}} | <tr style="clear:both; background-color:{{{ድሕረ ባይታ ጽሑፍ|transparent}}}; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><td>{{{caption|{{{እግሪ|}}}}}}</td></tr> }} </table><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> amxcfivflg20r5xsw0kjn56bfeotvuf 10 5806 23061 2021-08-24T15:25:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:መቓን ምስሊ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:መቓን ምስሊ]] c2el8nfeyfofig25pwdumob3m1di9hi 10 5807 23062 2021-08-24T15:25:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:መቓን ምስሊ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:መቓን ምስሊ]] c2el8nfeyfofig25pwdumob3m1di9hi 10 5808 23064 23063 2021-08-25T20:40:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ምብጻሓት]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{መቓን ምስሊ |ኣቀማምጣ = center |ኣርእስቲ = {{plain link|url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/pageviews/?project=ti.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&agent=user&range=latest-{{{days|180}}}&pages={{urlencode:{{{1|{{{target|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}|ኣርእስቲ=መዓልታዊ ምብጻሓት}} ናብ «[[{{{1|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}]]» ኣብ ዝሓለፋ {{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{{days|180}}} mod 30}}|0|{{#expr:{{{days|180}}} / 30}} ኣዋርሕ|{{{days|180}}} መዓልታት}} |ትሕዝቶ = {{{!}} {{!}}- {{!}} [[ፋይል:Open data small color (vector).svg|50px]] {{!}} {{PageViews graph|{{{days|180}}}|{{{1|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}|width=500|height=150}} {{!}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 67imjkv97h3kbmvjnoghl1lcwa2yknk 10 5809 23066 2021-08-25T21:07:01Z Joanmp14 5782 ሓድሽ ገጽ ዝተፈጠረ፦ «<includeonly>{{#tag:graph|</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}<syntaxhighlight lang="html"><graph></syntaxhighlight>{{#tag:syntaxhighlight|</noinclude> { // // ATTENTION: This code is maintained at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Template:Graph:PageViews // Please do not modify it anywhere else, as it may get copied and override your changes. // Suggestions can be made at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Template_talk:...» wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#tag:graph|</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}<syntaxhighlight lang="html"><graph></syntaxhighlight>{{#tag:syntaxhighlight|</noinclude> { // // ATTENTION: This code is maintained at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Template:Graph:PageViews // Please do not modify it anywhere else, as it may get copied and override your changes. // Suggestions can be made at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Template_talk:Graph:PageViews // The graph uses PageViews API https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Analytics/PageviewAPI // "version": 2, "width": {{{width|400}}}, "height": {{{height|200}}}, // The data for this graph comes from the PageView API. The request is made for N days back up to now. "data": [ { "name": "pageviews", "url": "wikirest://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/metrics/pageviews/{{#ifeq: {{{2|}}} | _ | aggregate | per-article }}/{{trim|{{#ifeq: {{{3|{{SERVERNAME}}}}} | www.mediawiki.org | mediawiki.org | {{{3|{{SERVERNAME}}}}} }}}}/{{{platform|all-access}}}/user/{{#ifeq: {{{2|}}} | _ | {{{granularity | monthly}}} | {{urlencode:{{#titleparts: {{{2|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}} }}} }}|PATH}}/daily }}/{{formatnum:{{#time: Ymd | -{{{1|30}}} days }}|R}}00/{{formatnum:{{#time: Ymd }}|R}}00", "format": { "type": "json", "property": "items" }, // The response is parsed here, converting date strings of form "20160223" into date 2016-02-23 "transform": [ { "type": "formula", "field": "year", "expr": "parseInt(substring(datum.timestamp,0,4))" }, { "type": "formula", "field": "month", "expr": "parseInt(substring(datum.timestamp,4,6))" }, { "type": "formula", "field": "day", "expr": "parseInt(substring(datum.timestamp,6,8))" }, { "type": "formula", "field": "date", "expr": 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|label25 = {{#if:{{{መለለዪ_ኣርማ_4_ገላጺ|}}}|{{{መለለዪ_ኣርማ_4_ገላጺ|}}}|ራብዓይ መለለዪ ኣርማ}} |data25 = {{{መለለዪ_ኣርማ_4|}}} |tablefooter = {{#if:{{{መርበብ ሓበሬታ|{{{መርበብ ሓበሬታ|}}}}}}|<hr/>'''መርበብ ሓበሬታ፦''' {{{መርበብ ሓበሬታ|{{{መርበብ ሓበሬታ|}}}}}}}} }}</includeonly> {{documentation}} mm8y2kz3i7u5evulx47g04qxq1i9z22 0 5811 23078 2021-08-27T15:01:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ባንዴራ ኮሎምብያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ባንዴራ ኮሎምብያ]] 66a3qhrpxhj86xc90er0n1fdby4hhzu 10 5812 23081 2021-08-28T13:50:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሽም ወርሒ]] to [[ሞደል:ስም ወርሒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ስም ወርሒ]] d311c15vi0idahfttvrv583erft54wj 10 5813 23083 2021-08-28T13:50:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ሽም ወርሒ/ወርሒ]] to [[ሞደል:ስም ወርሒ/ወርሒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ስም ወርሒ/ወርሒ]] a0kin1pvkr8ex6r60izuuvmkda9htja 0 5814 23688 23569 2022-05-28T11:38:12Z Joanmp14 5782 improvements wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ባንዴራ | ስም = ኤርትራ | ምስሊ = Flag of Eritrea.svg | ኣጠቓቕማ = 111111 | ዓቐን = 1:2 | ተቐባልነት = {{ዕለት|5|12|1995|ዕድመ}} }} [[ፋይል:Flag of the President of Eritrea.svg|left|thumb|200px|[[ፕረዚደንታዊት ባንዴራ]]።]] '''ሃገራዊት [[ባንዴራ]] [[ኤርትራ]]''' ብ5 ታሕሳስ 1995 ተቐቢላ። [[ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ]] ኣብ ቃልሲ ንናጽነት ካብ ዝነፈረላ ባንዴራ ዝተመስረተት እያ። እቲ ቀጠልያ ሕብሪ ንቁጠባ ሕርሻን ጥሪትን ኤርትራ ዘመልክት፣ ቀይሕ ሕብሪ ማለት ኣብ እዋን ቃልሲ ንናጽነት ኤርትራ ዝፈሰሰ ደም፣ ሰማያዊ ሕብሪ ንሃብቲ ባሕሪ ዝውክል፣ ብጫ ሕብሪ ንማዕድን ሃብቲ ኤርትራ ዝውክል፣ ኣብታ ባንዴራ ዘሎ ዕንበባ ኣውሊዕን ጨንፈርን ካብታ ኣብ መንጎ 1952ን 1961ን ኣብ ጥቕሚ ዝወዓለት ቀዳመይቲ ሃገራዊት ባንዴራ ኤርትራ ዝመጸ እዩ፣ እቲ ዕንበባ ኣውሊዕ ካብ ባንዴራ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ተቐቢሉን ንሰላም ዘመልክትን እዩ። == ታሪኻዊት ባንዴራታት == <gallery> ፋይል:Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] ባንዴራ ካብ 1897 ክሳዕ 1936 ከምኡ’ውን (1941-1952)። ፋይል:Flag of Eritrea (1952-1961).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] ባንዴራ ካብ 1952 ክሳዕ 1961። ፋይል:Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] ባንዴራ ኣብ ትሕቲ መግዛእቲ [[ሃይለ ስላሴ]] ካብ 1961 ክሳዕ 1974። ፋይል:Flag of the EPLF.svg|ባንዴራ [[ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ|ህ.ግ.ሓ.ኤ]]። ፋይል:Flag of Eritrea (1993-1995).svg|[[ፋይል:FIAV historical.svg|23px]] ባንዴራ ካብ 1993 ክሳዕ 1995 (ዓቐናት 2:3)። </gallery> [[መደብ:ሃገራዊት ባንዴራታት]] pcfy50otxpfp9p3toqqvs1u96lmy55v 0 5815 23086 2021-08-28T13:52:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ባንዴራ ኤርትራ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ባንዴራ ኤርትራ]] 56sloaqh8rcbwj7z2tiz3hqxyizr9do 0 5816 23102 23094 2021-09-07T13:03:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኩሽ (ወዲ ካም)]] to [[ኩሽ (መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ)]] wikitext text/x-wiki ኩሽ ወይ ኩሥ (ብዕብራይስጥ: כּוּשׁ‎ ; ብግዕዝ: ኩሽ/ኩሥ) ቦኽሪ ወዲ ካምን ወዲ ወዱ ንኖህን እዩ ነይሩ ። ንሱ ድማ አሕዋት ኸነዓን፥ ሚስራይምን ፥ፉጥን ነበረ። ኩሽ ኣቦ ኒምሮድ ዝበሃል ንጉስ እዩ ነይሩ ፣ ንሱ ድማ "ኣብ ምድሪ ናይ መጀመርታ ጅግና" ተባሒሉ እዩ ዝጽዋዕ ነይሩ ። ኩሽ ብልምዲ ኣቦሓጎ እታ ኣብ ጥቓ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ እትርከብ ከም ዝነበረት ዝእመነላ ጥንታዊት ግዝኣት "ምድሪ ኩሽ" ጌርካ እያ እትርአ ። ኩሽ ኣብ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ እትርከብ ምስ መንግስቲ ኩሽ ወይ ጥንታዊት ኢትዮጵያ እያ ። ቛንቋ ኩሽ ፡ ኩሽ ዝብል ስም እዩ ዘለዎ ። == መለለዪ == {{hiero|kꜣš<ref name = Gauthier193>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 5 |date=1928 |pages=193–194 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1928/page/n99}}</ref>|<hiero>V31:G1-N37:N25</hiero>|era=1ip|align=right}} ኩሽ ብቛንቋ ዕብራዊ/ዕብራይስጥ እተጸውዐ ስም ኰይኑ ፡ ካብቲ ካሽ ዝብል ናይ ግብጺ ስም ታሕተዋይ ኑብያ ፡ ደሓር ከኣ ካብቲ ኣብ ናፓታ ዝነበረ መንግስቲ ኑብያ ዝመጸ ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ ። እቲ ኩሽ ዝብል ፎርም ፡ ኣብ መዝገብ ግብጻውያን ካብ ግዝኣት መንቱሆተፕ ካልኣይ (21 ክፍለ-ዘመን ቅ.ል.ክ) ኣትሒዙ ፡ ኣብ ዞባ ኑብያ ወፈራታቱ ብዝርዝር ተጻሒፉ ይርከብ ። ኣብቲ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ዕብራይስጢ እተጠርነፈሉ እዋንን ኣብ ብምሉኡ ክላሲካዊ ኣጸዋውዓ መንግስቲ ኑብያ ኣብቲ ዘመናዊ ሕዝቢ ሱዳን ዝነበረ መሮቭ ዘተኰረ እዩ ነይሩ ። == ኣብ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ዝርከብ መወከሲታት == [[ፋይል:Page_from_Yiddish-Hebrew-Latin-German_dictionary_by_Elijah_Levita.jpg|thumb|360x360px|ካብቲ ኣብ መበል 16 ዘመን ዝነበረ ኤሊታ ለቪታ ዝጸሓፎ ፡ ዪዲሽ-ዕብራይስጢ-ላቲን-ጀርመንኛ ዘዳለዎ መዝገበ-ቃላት ፡ ዝርዝር ኣህዛብ ዝሓዘ ገጽ ኣሎ ፣ እታ "ክራቫት יהוה" ኩሽ ወይ ድማኒ ኩሺ እትብል ቓል ፡ ናብ ቛንቋ ላቲን "ኢትዮጲስ(Aethiops)" ተባሂላ ተተርጒማ ፡ ናብ ጀርመንኛ "ሞር (Mor)" ተባሂላ ተተርጒማ ኣላ ።]] ደቂ ወይ ውሉዳት ኩሽ፦ ሴባ፥ ሓዊላ፥ ሳብታ፥ ራዕማ፥ ሳብተካህ ይበሃሉ። ሙሴ ዉን ካብ ኩሻዊት ጓል-ኣንስትየቲ እዩ ተመርዕዩ። == ባህላዊ መለለዪ == ዮሴፍ ብዛዕባ ሕዝበ ኩሽ ወዲ ካምን ወዲ ወዱ ንኖህን ከምዚ ብምባል ጸብጻብ ሃበ - "ካብ ቶም ኣርባዕተ ደቂ ካምሲ ጊዜ ንስም ኩሽ ከቶ ኣይጐድኦን፣ ከመይሲ እቶም ንሱ ዝነገሰሎም ኢትዮጵያውያን ኣብዛ መዓልቲ እዚኣ ንበይኖምን ብዅሎም ሰብ እስያን ኩሻውያን ተባሂሎም ይጽውዑ ኣለዉ። s" (''[[:en:Antiquities_of_the_Jews|Antiquities of the Jews]]'' 1.6). መጽሓፍ ዘሁልቍ 12 1 ንሰበይቲ ሙሴ "ኩሻዊት ሰበይቲ" ኢላ ኽትጽውዓ ኸላ ጺጶራ ሰበይቲ ሙሴ ግን መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኻብ ሚድያን ከም ዝመጸት ጌርካ እዩ ዚግለጽ። ህዝቅኤል እታ ኤክሳጎጅ 60-65 ጺጶራ ኣብ ሚድያን ጓና ኸም ዝዀነት ድሕሪ ምግላጽ ነቶም ኣብ ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃ ዝነበሩ ተቐማጦ ኣባሓጎታታ ኸምዚ ብምባል ገለጸሎም - "እዛ ሃገር እዚኣ ሊብያ ተባሂላ እያ እትጽዋዕ። ካብ እተፈላለዩ ሕዝብታት ኢትዮጵያውያን ከምኡውን ካብ ጸልማት ዝመጹ ዓሌታትን ነገዳትን ዚነብሩላ ኸተማ እያ። ሓደ ሰብኣይ ገዛኢ እታ ምድሪ እዩ ፣ ንጉስን ጀነራልን እዩ ። ነቲ መንግስቲ ይገዝኦ ነቲ ሕዝቢ ይፈርዶ ካህን ድማ እዩ። እዚ ሰብኣይ እዚ ኣቦይን ናታቶምን እዩ። ኣብ 5ይ ዘመን ድ.ክ. ሶርያውያን ጸሓፍቲ ነቶም ሒምያራውያን ዝበሃሉ ደቡብ ዓረብ ኩሻውያንን ኢትዮጵያውያንን ከም ዝዀኑ ገለጹሎም ። እቲ ፋርሳዊ ጸሓፍ ታሪኽ ኣል-ታባሪ (ከ. 915) ፡ ሰበይቲ ኩሽ ቃርናቢል ፡ ጓል ባታዊል ፡ ወዲ ቲራስ ከም እተባህለት ፡ "ኣብሲናውያን ፡ ሲንዲስን ህንዳውያንን" ከኣ ከም ዝወለደትሉ ዝገልጽ ልምዲ ኣዘንተወ ። ሎሚ ተዛረብቲ ቋንቋ ኩሻውያን ንኣገው: ኦሮሞ: ሶማል: ዓፋር: ከምኡውን ንኻልኦት ሓያሎ ቀቢላታት፣ ብሔራትን፣ ነገዳትን ዝሓቘፉ እዮም ፣ ኣብ መኣድታት ማሱዲ ወርቂ ካብ 947 ድ.ል.ክ. ከም ዘርኢ ኩሽ እዮም ዝቑጸሩ ነይሮም ። እቶም ቋንቋ ኩሽ ዝዛረቡ ህዝቢ ቤጃ ፡ ካብ ኩሽ ዝመበቈሉ መስመር ወለዶ ኣለዎም ። ጀምስ ብሩስ ዝስሙ ኣብ ከባቢ 1770 ናብ ከበሳታት ኢትዮጵያ ዝኸደ ዳህሳሲ ፡ ብዛዕባ እቲ ድሕሪ ማይ ኣይሂ ኣብ ዝነበራ መዓልትታት ፡ ኩሽ ወዲ ካም ምስ ስድራ ቤቱ ኰይኑ ናብ ጐልጐል ኣጣራ ኽሳእ ዝበጽሕ ፡ ካብኡ ንደሓር ሰብ ዘይነብሮ ፡ ካብኡ ድማ ንምድሪ ኢትዮጵያ ክርእዩ ዝኽእሉ ኣቢሲናውያን ፡ "ልምዲ" ከም ዝነበረ ጸሓፈ ። ኣብኡ ድማ ንኣክሱም ደዪቦም ሰርሑ ፣ እተወሰነ እዋን ጸኒሖም ከኣ ናብ ጐልጐል ተመልሱ ፣ ንሜሮቭ ድማ ሰርሑ ። ንሱ ብተወሳኺ ፡ ኣብቲ ግዜ እቲ ዝነበሩ ኤውሮጳውያን ምሁራት ፡ ነዚ ጸብጻብ እዚ ብምኽንያት እቲ ተመስሪቱሎም ዝነበረ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ ፡ ብትእምት ከም ዝነጸግዎ ፡ ኩሽ ብመንገዲ ዓረብን በቲ ኣብ መንጎ የመን ኣብ ሓውሲ ደሴት ዓረብ ዝርከብ ሓርፋፍ ኵነታት ባብ-ኤል-መንደብን ኣቢላ ናብ ኣፍሪቃ ከም ዝኣተወት ፡ ጅቡቲን ኤርትራን ኣብ ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ ከም ዝርከባ ይገልጽ ። ብተወሳኺ: እቲ ኣብ ኣክሱም ዝነበረ ዓቢ ጭሕሚ: ኩሽ ነቲ እተመደበሉ ከባቢ ንምምልካት ከም ዘዳለዎ እዩ ዝንገር: እቲ ኢቲኦፕ ዝበሃል ወዱ ድማ ኣብኡ ከም እተቐብረ እዩ ዝንገር ። ብመሰረት መጽሓፍ ኣክሱም: ብሩስ ኣብ ኣቢሲንያ ምስ ክብራ ናጋስት ብማዕረ ከም እተቐብረ እዩ ዝገልጽ ። ከም ዮሃን ማይክልስን ሮዘንሙለርን ዝኣመሰሉ ምሁራት ፡ እቲ ኩሽ ዝብል ስም ኣብ ክልቲኡ ሸነኽ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ፡ ኣብ ሓውሲ ደሴት ዓረብ (የመን) ን ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃን ኣብ ዝርከባ ትራክትታት እታ ሃገር ከም ዝውዕል ሓቢሮም እዮም ። == መወከሲ ==    e6blnorl4nrlmz5ionoqjdl1gp5d955 14 5817 23242 23233 2021-10-24T12:09:06Z 125.162.221.55 wikitext text/x-wiki [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ትሕዝቶ]] fkroqrw5tlgku2l99eew7bt6wykfnti 0 5819 23103 2021-09-07T13:03:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኩሽ (ወዲ ካም)]] to [[ኩሽ (መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኩሽ (መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ)]] 3hcdvc7cdptjnu1zwd2urx95eivcqjs 8 5821 23977 23110 2022-10-19T06:57:10Z MediaWiki default 71 Disabling mentorship for wikis with no list of mentors ([[:phab:T321056]]) json application/json { "GEHelpPanelLinks": [ { "title": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "text": "Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "id": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide" }, { "title": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Images", "text": "Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "id": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide" }, { "title": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing references", "text": "Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "id": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide" } ], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsIntroLinks": { "create": 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This should have no visible effect (disabled via other means). [[:phab:T337330]] [[:phab:T341150]] json application/json { "expand": { "group": "hard", "templates": [ "መዋቕር" ] }, "image-recommendation": { "disabled": false, "templates": [], "excludedTemplates": [], "excludedCategories": [], "type": "image-recommendation", "group": "medium", "learnmore": "", "maxTasksPerDay": 25 }, "section-image-recommendation": { "type": "section-image-recommendation", "group": "medium", "maxTasksPerDay": 25 } } 6gqq2wrapkrmpd9ohnljapxeisiykye 10 5829 23133 2021-09-25T22:11:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:ናይ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ሓበሬታ]] to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ መርበብ ሓበሬታ]] over redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ መርበብ ሓበሬታ]] qbf0m3kvkfbio0z641gp65jxq1zlrdv 100 5830 23310 23309 2021-11-22T18:55:55Z Achim55 7950 Undo revision 23309 by [[Special:Contributions/Negus66688|Negus66688]] ([[User talk:Negus66688|talk]]) wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 100 5833 23142 2021-10-09T10:49:38Z 46.39.68.2 ገጽ ምስ «Vietnam» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki Vietnam c5mbybekoc16ddrqmrgaru7bc0krbkq 0 5838 23160 2021-10-13T19:33:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ቛንቋ ዕብራይስጢ]] to [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] over redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] ogsl7z8w6wpps7uzum00b50wjblavdx 0 5839 23161 2021-10-13T19:37:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] ogsl7z8w6wpps7uzum00b50wjblavdx 0 5840 23162 2021-10-13T19:38:05Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] ogsl7z8w6wpps7uzum00b50wjblavdx 0 5841 23163 2021-10-13T21:52:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] dawf2a0zx0nruomfjr6g0d34c4qr5hi 0 5842 23164 2021-10-13T22:10:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] dawf2a0zx0nruomfjr6g0d34c4qr5hi 0 5843 23165 2021-10-13T22:10:36Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 0 5844 23166 2021-10-13T22:11:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]] s77fivoimsqdrl1758qcth8qmoamzbt 0 5845 23167 2021-10-13T22:12:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5846 23168 2021-10-13T22:14:21Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5847 23169 2021-10-13T22:14:42Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5848 23170 2021-10-13T22:15:03Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5849 23171 2021-10-13T22:17:16Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5850 23172 2021-10-13T22:17:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5851 23173 2021-10-13T22:18:03Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5852 23174 2021-10-13T22:18:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5853 23175 2021-10-13T22:18:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5854 23176 2021-10-13T22:19:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5855 23177 2021-10-13T22:20:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ]] iwhcwvwxc1tdqmavtfbp46b6yzetfti 0 5856 23178 2021-10-13T22:20:35Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ 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s77fivoimsqdrl1758qcth8qmoamzbt 0 5863 23185 2021-10-13T22:23:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]] s77fivoimsqdrl1758qcth8qmoamzbt 0 5864 23186 2021-10-13T22:24:06Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]] s77fivoimsqdrl1758qcth8qmoamzbt 0 5865 23187 2021-10-13T22:27:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] dawf2a0zx0nruomfjr6g0d34c4qr5hi 0 5866 23188 2021-10-13T22:27:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] dawf2a0zx0nruomfjr6g0d34c4qr5hi 0 5867 23189 2021-10-13T22:28:08Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ]] dawf2a0zx0nruomfjr6g0d34c4qr5hi 10 5868 23195 2021-10-16T23:21:12Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly><!-- ስም ወይ መግለጺ፦ -->{{lang |{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{script|}}}|-{{{script}}}|}} |italic={{#switch:{{{ቄናን|{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}}}}|off|no=no|{{{ቄናን|{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{2}}}|template=Native name}}<!-- Language: -->{{#switch:{{{paren|{{{icon|}}}}}} |omit|off|no= |#default=&nbsp;{{#switch:{{{ቄናን|{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}}}} |off|no= |{{#switch:{{{nbsp|}}}|omit|no=|&nbsp;}}}}<!-- --><sp...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- ስም ወይ መግለጺ፦ -->{{lang |{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{script|}}}|-{{{script}}}|}} |italic={{#switch:{{{ቄናን|{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}}}}|off|no=no|{{{ቄናን|{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{2}}}|template=Native name}}<!-- Language: -->{{#switch:{{{paren|{{{icon|}}}}}} |omit|off|no= |#default=&nbsp;{{#switch:{{{ቄናን|{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}}}} |off|no= |{{#switch:{{{nbsp|}}}|omit|no=|&nbsp;}}}}<!-- --><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:{{{parensize|{{{fontsize|100%}}}}}};font-weight:normal;"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{nolink|}}} |({{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|{{{1}}}|template=Native name}}) | {{#if:{{#invoke:lang|is_ietf_tag|{{{1}}}}}|({{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|{{{1}}}|template=Native name|link=yes}}) |(language?)}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></span><!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> nolp045lsobosi97nz387lrjbg0vbm6 10 5869 23196 2021-10-16T23:23:36Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:መበቆላዊ ስም]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:መበቆላዊ ስም]] g5t9c4j3zy23sfs5et2suicgxt01kzd 10 5870 23199 2021-10-17T00:24:41Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=ps |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ|ሞደል]] </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=ps |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ|ሞደል]] </noinclude> kp5yzg5ipzbeealdwq9966tg40csifs 10 5871 23200 2021-10-17T00:26:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=prs |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ፋርስኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=prs |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ፋርስኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude> pbt68eec1ipo6zbcqmtp0yhs9ll8mhe 10 5872 23203 2021-10-17T16:39:59Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣፍጋኒስታን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣፍጋኒስታን]] b5r18u61zxw9q9w4av7gvjant73pkey 10 5873 23204 2021-10-17T16:40:28Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{hs|{{{1|ኣፍጋኒስታን}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ኣፍጋኒስታን|name={{{1|ኣፍጋኒስታን}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{hs|{{{1|ኣፍጋኒስታን}}}}}{{Flagcountry|ኣፍጋኒስታን|name={{{1|ኣፍጋኒስታን}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> lxgs98qagh1wq6z6g3k08ygukkxovke 0 5874 23208 2021-10-18T23:43:47Z Joanmp14 5782 new article wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ቋንቋ |ስም=ፓሽቶ |መበቆላዊ = پښتو |ስድራ ቤት ኣደ = ህንደ-ኤውሮጳዊ ቋንቋታት |ሃገራት={{flagcountry|ኣፍጋኒስታን}}<br /> {{flagcountry|ፓኪስታን}} |ተዛረብቲ= 40-60 ሚልዮን |ደረጃ=መበል 82 (ካብ ሰሜን)ን መበል 92 (ካብ ደቡብ)ን |ስድራ ቤት=[[ህንደ-ኤውሮጳዊ ቋንቋታት|ህንደ-ኤውሮጳዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;[[ህንደ-ኢራናዊ ቋንቋታት|ህንደ-ኢራናዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[ኢራናዊ ቋንቋታት|ኢራናዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[ምብራቓዊ ኢራናዊ ቋንቋታት|ምብራቓዊ]]<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ፓሽቶ''' |ወግዓዊ={{AFG}} |ካርታ= |ኣጀንሲ=[[ኣካዳሚ ስነ ፍልጠት ኣፍጋኒስታን]]<br>[[ኣካዳሚ ፓሽቶ]]፣ [[ፓኪስታን]] |ኣይሶ1=ps|ኣይሶ2=pus|ኣይሶ3=pus|ሲል=PST |ምስሊ=Map of Pashto-speaking areas in Afghanistan and Pakistan.svg}} '''ፓሽቶ''' (پښتو)፣ ናይ [[ደቡብ ኤስያ|ደቡብ]]ን [[ማእከላይ ኤስያ|ማእከላይ]]ን ኤስያ ናይ ፓሽቱናት [[ቋንቋ ኣደ]] እዩ። እዚ ቋንቋ እዚ ክፍሊ [[ምብራቓዊ ኢራናዊ ቋንቋታት]] እዩ፣ ብቐጥታ ድማ ካብ [[ቋንቋ ኣቨስትኛ]] እዩ ዝወርድ። 091j668bn3h54n1e8j9icspeomdtz3n 0 5875 23209 2021-10-18T23:47:00Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ]] 6lzejud935k16ipeszv8qni11qfso33 0 5876 23210 2021-10-18T23:47:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ]] 6lzejud935k16ipeszv8qni11qfso33 0 5877 23211 2021-10-18T23:50:07Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ]] ogsl7z8w6wpps7uzum00b50wjblavdx 0 5878 23212 2021-10-18T23:50:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 0 5879 23213 2021-10-18T23:52:02Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 0 5880 23214 2021-10-18T23:52:34Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 0 5881 23215 2021-10-18T23:54:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 0 5882 23216 2021-10-18T23:55:07Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ]] 6ulbabeyx4i6j5x4ixiwls73vyd0gjd 0 5883 23217 2021-10-19T14:33:21Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣፍጋኒስታን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣፍጋኒስታን]] bagqjhkks8sm7799e0y4n9et0wlagty 0 5884 23218 2021-10-19T14:33:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣፍጋኒስታን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣፍጋኒስታን]] bagqjhkks8sm7799e0y4n9et0wlagty 0 5885 23219 2021-10-19T14:34:08Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኣፍጋኒስታን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኣፍጋኒስታን]] bagqjhkks8sm7799e0y4n9et0wlagty 0 5886 23221 2021-10-19T14:47:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሶማልያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሶማልያ]] a8y0p9bqwc00edbnakaj9nn04zi2daa 10 5887 23225 2021-10-19T19:22:15Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=fr }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic |code=fr }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} </noinclude> c9dx59nqc5ks1hyfe4xk2wq4k5pos5y 10 5888 23226 2021-10-19T19:30:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ፈረንሳይኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude>...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ፈረንሳይኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} 7r5ufp9ux0lwgjhl6si64qw4347gj89 14 5889 23232 2021-10-24T03:29:08Z 125.162.221.55 ገጽ ምስ «[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ትሕዝቶ]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ሞደላት ትሕዝቶ]] kn5qu3b8exbcfy9f0z6ioix4z4gg4up 100 5895 24625 24624 2023-12-05T23:26:27Z 84.38.8.254 /* ታሪኽ ህይወት ጸሓፊ */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|ኩሉኹም ኤርትራውያንን ን ኤሰያስ ኣፈወርቂ ንምውራድ ንላዓል ወላ መሪርኩም ስቅ ዲኹም ትብሉ የላ ተላዓል 🤣🤣🤣ታሪኻዊት መጽሓፍ ''“ፈደረሽን ኤርትራ ምስ ጋሽ ባርካ''}} {{Use mdy dates|ዕለተ ሕትመት= ሰነ 2001}} {{Infobox character | ሕብሪ = ሰምያዊት | ኣርእስቲ = ፈደረሽን ኤርትራ ምስ ሃገረ ጋሽ ባርካ | ስእሊ = | መግለጺ = “ፈደረሽን ኤርትራ ምስ ሃገረ ጋሽ ባርካ- ካብ ማቲየንሶ ክሳብ ተድላ” | መጀመርታ = ''[[ኮሚሽነር ሕቡራት ሃገራት ኣንሰ ማቲየንሶ]]'' | መወዳእታ = ''[[ደገፍቲ ኢሰያስ ከይተረፉ፡ ኣዝያ ውስንቲ ጨና ናጽነት ምስ ጨነው ክጠዓሱ፣ በቲ ኣንጻሩ ድማ ሓያላት ደገፍቲ ናጽነት ዝነበሩ፡ ተስፋ ስልጣን ምስ ረኸቡ ናብቲ ሓደ ሸነኽ ክናጠሩ`ውን ክንዕዘብ ኢና።]]'' | ጸሓፊ = [[ሳሚኤል]] | ስእሊ = ብህዝቢ ዝተመርጸት ሰምያዊት ቆጽሊ ዘለዋ ባንዴራ ኤረትራ }}</ref> '''ኩሉኹም ኤርትራውያንን ን ኤሰያስ ኣፈወርቂ ንምውራድ ንላዓል ወላ መሪርኩም ስቅ ዲኹም ትብሉ የላ ተላዓል 🤣🤣🤣 ፈደረሽን ኤርትራ ምስ ኢትዮጵያ''' ('''ሳሚኤል (ሰብኣይ ክልተ ፍትሒ ንህዝቢ ኤረትርራ ኤሱ በጃካ እባ ሙት ኣነ መሪርኒ እዩ ዘሎ) ኣብ 2024 ሳሙኤል ናይ መመረቅታ ንግስነት ክገብር እዩ ። ''') መቐጸልታ ናይ ኣይንፈላለን ፈደረሽን ኤርትራ ምስ ጋሽ ባርካ ፡ ካብ ማቲየንሶ ክሳብ ተድላን ኮይና፡ መዛዘሚት ናይዚ ንታሪኽ ኤርትራ ናይ 2023 ክሳብ 2025 ተረኸበ ሰለስተ ተኸታታሊ ቕጽታት እውን እያ። ስለዝኾነት፡ ንድሕሪት እናተመልሰት፡ ኣቐዲሙ ንዘይተዳህሰሰ ሓበሬታን ሰነዳትን ብምውካስ፡ ንትርጉም፡ ኣገዳስነትን ኣበርክቶን ናይቲ እዋን ንዝቐጸለ ታሪኻዊ ምዕባለ ኤርትራ ኣዘንትያን ተንቲናን ኣላ፡፡ ቅድሚ ምምስራት ሓራካ፡ ምጅማር ብረታዊ ቓልሲ ብተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራን ጐበጣ ኤርትራ ብኢትዮጵያን ኣብ ዝነበረ ዓመታት፡ ህዝቢ ብሓፈሻ፡ ተማሃሮን ሸቃሎን ድማ ብፍላይ፡ ተጠርኒፎም ይኹን ብጕጅለን ብውልቅን ዘካየዱዎ ተባዕ ቃልሲ፡ ካብቲ ነዛ መጽሓፍ ዘሀብተመ ትሕዝቶ እዩ፡፡ ሓጺር ታሪኽ ሓራካን ኣጀማምራን ቀዳሞት ዓመታትን ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራን፡ ብወድዓዊ (ob- jective) መገድን ሓዲሽ ሓበሬታ ብምጥቃምን ክቐርብ ምኽኣሉ፡ ንመጻኢ ምርምር ሰፊሕ ባይታ እትፈጥር መጽሓፍ’ውን እያ። === Samuel Morningstar === ኣብ ባርካዊ ስነ ጽሑፍን ምስናድ ታሪኽን ዓቢ ኣስተዋጽኦ ካብ ዝገብሩ ዘለዉ ዜጋታት ሓደ እዩ፡ ዳርጋ ኣብ ናይ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ዜጋ ከብሒ መጻሕፍቲ ስርሓቱ ሃሰስ ኢልካ ኣይትስእንን ኢኻ፡ ብቕዲ ኣጸሓሕፍኡን ዘይብተኽ ዋሕዚ ሓሳባቱን ፡ ታሪኽ ብኣሰልቻዊ መንገዲ ዘይኮነ፡ ብኣዛናዪ መንገዲ ዘስተምህር ብሉጽ ደራስን ተማራማሪ ታሪኽን እዩ፡ ከም ኣይንፈላለ፡ ፈደረሽን ኤርትራ ምስ ጋሽ ባርካ፡ ወዲ ሓደራን ካልእን ብሉጻት መጻሕፍቲ ዘበርከተ ጸሓፊ እዩ፡ Samuel Morningstar። ===ታሪኽ ህይወት ጸሓፊ=== Samuel Morningstar ኣብ 2000 ኣብ ዓሊግድር ተወሊዱ፡፡ ብ2000 ኣብ ኤርትራ ፡ ብ2019 ድማ ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ ብሞያ ሕጊ ናይ ባችለርን ማስተርስ ማዕረግ ለቢሱ። ብ2020 ኣዋልድ ምትላል ኣቛሪጹ ሓንቲ ብዓል ሓዳር ኣጥኒሱ፡ ኣብ ህዝባዊ ሓይልታት ሓርነት ጋሽ ባርካ ብምስላፍ ፡ ክሳብ ናጽነት ኣብ ክፍልታት ህዝቢ፡ ትምህርቲ፡ ባህል፡ ምንቅቓሕን ዜና ኣገልጊሉ፡፡ ነዚ ዝሓለፈ ዓመታት ድማ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ድማ፡ ነቲ ካብ 2022 ክሳብ 2023 ዝዝርጋሕ ታሪኽ ህዝቢ ጋሽ ባርካ ከም ሓደ ጥሙር ተኸታታሊ መጽናዕቲ ኣብ ምድላው እዩ ኣሕሊፍዎ። ጋሽ ባርካ ፡ ካብ ፈደረሽን ናብ ጉብጣን ሰውራን መዛዘሚ ናይዚ፡ ብኣይንፋላለ ጀሚሩ ናብ ፈደረሽን ጋሽ ባርካ ምስ ኤርትራ ካብ ማትተንሶ ክሳብ ተድላ ዝቐጸለ ተተኻኻኢ ቅጽታት ቕጽታት እዩ፡፡ ብዘይካ'ዚ Samuel Morningstar ብርክት ዝበለ ልብወለዳዊ ዛንታታት፡ ተዋስኦታት፡ መጽናዕታዊ ጽሑፋትን ቴማታትን ብቛንቋታት ትግርኛን እንግሊዝን ዘበርከተ ገዲም ደራሲ እዩ፡፡ ብዘይካ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተገልጸ ተወሳኺ ጽሑፋቱ ፡ ድርሰታቱን ተዋስኦታትን - ካብ ባድመ ናብ ሳሕል (2015)፡ ልኡል ( 2017) ፡ እቲ ካልእ ኲናት (2022) ፡ ልቢ ተጋዳላይ ( 2017) ፡ ክልተ ቅነ ኣብ ድፋዓት (2011) ፡ ጊታኖ (2012) ፡ ጥምጥም ኣብ ዓሊ ግድር (2015) ፡ ከምኡ ውን ብቋንቋ እንግሊዝ፡ post conflic eritrea ( co-editor with Martin Dornbos, 1998) , Two weeks in the trenches(2003)። === መእተዊ === ኣብ መእተዊ ናይ “ኣይንፈላለ” ብስፊሑ ተገሊጹ ከም ዘሎ፡ ሓቀኛ ታሪኽ ኤርትራ ካብ ሰነዳት ናይቶም በብጊዜኡ ዝገዝኡዋ ወገናትን ካልኦት ናይ ደገ ተዓዘብትን ጥራይ ክግለጽ ዘይክኣል`ዩ። ታሪኽ ኤርትራ ብኤርትራውያን ዝስራህ ክነሱ ግን፡ ማዕረ`ቲ ናይ ገዛእቲ ሰነዳት ክሰርዖ ብዝኽእል ኣገባብ ከይተሰነደ ሰለ ዝጸንሐ፡ ብዛዕብኡ ክጽሕፍ ዝብገስ ሰብ ብዙሕ ከም ዝጻገም ክፍለጥ ይግባእ። ካብኡ ናባኡ፡ እቲ ኣብ “ኣይንፈላለ” ሰፊሩ ዘሎ ናይ 1940`ታት ታሪኽ`ኳ ይሓይሽን ገለ ምንጭታት ይርከበሉን እምበር፡ እቲ ናይ እዋን ፈደረሽን ፍጻመታት ግን፡ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ኮነ ኢሉ ሰነዳት ስለ ዘጥፍኣን ናብ ኢትዮጵያ ስለ ዘግዓዘን፡ ብሓበሬታ ዝደኸየ ኢዩ። በዚ ምኽንያት`ዚ፡ ናይ ሕጂ ጽሑፍና ነቲ ኣብ እዋን መንግስትነት ተድላ ባይሩ ዝነበረ ቐዳማይ ክፋል ፈደራል ስርዓት፡ ኣብ ናይ ጋዜጣ ዓንቀጻት፡ ኣብ ቃለ መጠይቓት፡ ኣብ ናይ ኣብያተ ፍርዲ ውሳነታትን ናይ ባይቶ ኤርትራ ጸብጻባትን ተመርኲሱ፡ ሓደ ሓፈሻዊ ስእሊ ናይቲ እዋን ክህብ ፈቲኑ ኣሎ። መብዛሕትኡ እቲ ዝተረኽበ ሓበሬታ ንፓለቲካዊ ኹነታት ናይቲ እዋን ዝምልከት ስለ ዝኾነ ድማ፡ እዚ መጽሓፍ`ዚ ብዝያዳ ኣብ ፓለቲካዊ ታሪኽ ዘመን ተድላ ባይሩ ዘኰረ ኢዩ። ንፓለቲካዊ ታሪኽ ጥራይ ንበይኑ መንጢልካ ኣውጺእካ ነቲ ማዕርኡ ክስራዕ ዝግባኦ ቊጠባውን ምምሕዳራውን ኩንታትን`ውን ሚዛን ዘይምሃብ ዝተማልኣ ስእሊ ከም ዘየቕርብ ዝተፈልጠ ኢዩ። እንተኾነ ግን፡ ኣብ ልዕል`ቲ ዘጓነፈና ናይ ምንጪ ሕጽረት፡ ብሓቂ`ውን ታሪኽ ዘመን ተድላ ካብ ካልእ ንላዕሊ ፓለቲካዊ ምውጣጥን ወጥርን ዝዓብለሎ ስለ ዝነበረ፡ እቲ ፍጻመታት ባዕሉ ናብኡ ገጹ ኢዩ ዘምርሕ ወይ ዘዛዙ። ኣብ ትሒቲ ዕብለላ፡ ውዲት፡ ዓመጽን ጥበራን መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ድኣ ይኹን`ምበር ኣብ እዋን ፈደረሽን፡ ኤርትራውያን ነንሓድሕዶም ብፓለቲካዊ መገዲ ንኽፈታተኑ ምጡን ዕድል ረኺቦም ኢዮም። ፓለቲካ ኤርትራ፡ ኣብ ጊዜ ጣልያን ብጣልያን፡ ኣብ ጊዜ እንግሊዝ ድማ ብእንግሊዝ ክዕብለልን ክምራሕን ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡ ኮሚሽነር ሕቡራት ሃገራት ኣንሰ ማቲየንሶ ኣትዩ መስርሕ ፈደረሽን ምስ ጀመረ፡ ኣንፈቱ ክቕይር፡ ብምሉኡ እኳ እንተ ዘይኮነ፡ ገለ ኽፋላቱ ኣብ ኢድ ኤርትራውያን ኣትዪ ኣብ ሓድሕዶም ከዋስኦም፡ ክኣኻኽቦም፡ ክበታትኖም፡ ከጓንጾምን ክዓራቆምን ግድን ኮይኑ። በዚ መዳይ`ዚ ምስ ዝርአ፡ እቲ ብ“ዘመን ተድላ ባይሩ” ዝፍለጥ ካብ 1952 - 1955 ዝዝርጋሕ ቀዳማይ ክፋል እዋን ፈደረሽን፡ ኣብ ታሪኽ ኤርትራ ውሑድ መዳርግቲ ኢዩ እንተሃለዎ። ኣብዚ ጽሑፍ እዚ፡ ብዙሕ ናይ ፓለቲካ ምግልባጥ ክንርኢ ኢና። እቲ “ኢትዮጵያ ወይ ሞት” ዝብል ዝነበረ፡ ንናጽነት ኤርትራ ብዝኽፍአ መገዲ ሃስዩ ግዝኣት ኢትዮጵያ ንኽኣቱ ዘኽእለ ሓያል ምንቅስቓስ፡ ድልዱል ሰረት ከም ዘይነበሮ ክንግንዘብ ኢና። እቶም ዝተረሩ ደገፍቲ ኢትዮጵያ ከይተረፉ፡ ኣዝያ ውስንቲ ጨና ናጽነት ምስ ጨነው ክጠዓሱ፣ በቲ ኣንጻሩ ድማ ሓያላት ደገፍቲ ናጽነት ዝነበሩ፡ ተስፋ ስልጣን ምስ ረኸቡ ናብቲ ሓደ ሸነኽ ክናጠሩ`ውን ክንዕዘብ ኢና። ኣብ “ኣይንፈላለ” ዝነበረ ፓለቲካዊ ዝንባለታት፣ ገሊኡ ካብ ጒድለት ትምህርትን ተመኲሮን፡ ገሊኡ “ይሓይሽ” ካብ ዝብል እምነት፡ ሕልፍ ኢሉ ድማ ካብ ውልቃውን ጒጅላውን ናይ ረብሓ መበገሲ ይመጽእ ከም ዝነበረ ገሊጽና ኔርና። ናይ ፈደረሽን መርገጺታት ግን በቲ ሓዳግ ወይ ገዳፍ ዓይንን ኣመለኻኽታን ጥራይ ክትሓልፎ ከም ዘጸግም ኣንባቢ ባዕሉ መደምደምታ ዝህበሉ ጉዳይ ክኸውን ኢዩ። ==ታሪኽ == ታሪኽ፡ ናብቲ ዘለኻዮ እዋን እናቐረበ ምስ ዝመጽእ፡ ዝያዳ ተኣፋፍን ብጥንቃቐ ክትሓዝ ዝግብኦን ክኸውን ግድን`ዩ። በዚ ምኽንያት`ዚ፡ መረጋገጺ ሰነድ ወይ ቃል ናይቶም ኣብቲ እዋን ዝዋስኡ ሰባት ዘይብሉ ዝኾነ ፍጻመ ወይ መደምደምታ ንከይዋሃብ ዘድሊ ጥንቃቐ ተገይሩ ኣሎ። ገለ ምላቚ ወይ ጐደሎ ግን ክስኣን ኣይኮነን። ታሪኽ፡ ሓደን ቅኑዕን ውዱእን ተባሂሉ ብጽሑፍ ክቐርብ ኣይከኣልን ኢዩ። ታሪኽ ትርጉም ናይ ሕሉፍ ፍጻመታት`ዩ። ሓደ ጸሓፊ ታሪኽ ናብ መደምደምታታቱ ንክበጽሕ፡ ቅኑዕን ገላጽን ንዝብሎ ናይ ታሪኽ ፍጻመታት መሪጹ፡ ሰሪዑ፡ ተንቲኑ ኢዩ ኣብ ፍጹምን ልክዕን ዝብሎ ሓሳባት ዝበጽሕ። እቲ ዘቕረቦ ናይ ፍጹምነት፡ ናብ ልክዕነት ዝቐረበ ወይ ካብኡ ዝረሓቐ ምዃኑ ዝፍለጥ፡ ኣንበብትን ተንተንትን ኣንቢቦም፡ ኣኳማሲዖም፡ ምስ ካልእ ጽሑፋትን ዛንታታትን ኣነጻጺሮም ምስ ዝፈረዱዎ ኢዩ። ናይ ታሪኽ ጽሑፍ፡ ጊዜ ምስ በልዐ ኢዩ ዝፍረድ ዝብሃል በዚ ምኽንያት`ዚ ኢዩ። ነዚ ዘገልግል ሓደ ኣብነት ክንጠቅስ፡ ዘውዴ ረታ ዝተባህለ ኢትዮጵያውን ተኸስተ ነጋሽ ዝተባህለ ኣብ ወጻኢ ዝነብር ኤርትራውያን ንኣብነት፡ ነቲ ኣብ “ኣይንፈላለ”ን ኣብ`ዚ መጽሓፍ እዝን ዘሎ ናይ እንግሊዝ፣ ኣመሪካን ኢትዮጵያን ሰነዳት ተጠቒሞም ነናቶም መጻሕፍቲ ኣሕቲሞም ኣሎው። ትሕዝቶ እዚ ዝተጠቐሰ ሰነዳት ምስዚ ናትና ሓደ`ኳ እንተ ኾነ፡ ክልቲኦም ኣብ ኣዝዩ ዝተፈልየ መደምደምታ ኢዮም ዝበጽሑ። ዘውዴ ረታ፡ ኤርትራውያን ብድሌቶም ምስ ኢትዮጵያ ከም ዝሓበሩ፣ ካብ ኢትዮጵያ ክሳብ ናብ “ምግንጻል” ዘብጽሕ፡ ብኢትዮጵያ ዝተገብረሎም ጸቕጢ ወይ ኣብ ልዕሊኦም ዝተፈጸመ በደል ከም ዘይነበረ …. ይገልጽ። ከም ቀንዲ ጅግና ናይ እዋን ፈደረሽን ድማ፡ ነቶም ኣብ ጐበጣ ኤርትራ ብኢትዮጵያ ዓቢ እጃም ዝነበሮ ብትወደድ ኣስፍሃ ወልደሚካኤል ይጥቅስ። ብመሰረቱ፡ ታሪኽ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ታሪኽ ናይ ቃልስን ዓወትን ኣንጻር ዝተፈላለየ ዕንቅፋታትን ብድሆታትን`ዩ። እዚ ብድሆታትን ዕንቅፋታትን እዚ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ካብ ግዳም ናብ ውሽጢ ዝኣቱ`ኳ እንተ ነበረ፡ ንጒዕዞ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ክዓናቕፍ ወይ ከደናጒ ዝኸኣለ ግን፡ ክምዝመዝ ዝከኣል ናይ ውሽጢ ድኽመታት ስለ ዝረኸበ`ዩ። ከም ፈሳሲ፡ ናይ ግዳም ሓይሊ ነቓዕ እንተ ዘይረኺቡ፡ ዘሪቚ ንውሽጢ ክኣትወሉ ዝኽእል መንገዲ ክህሉ ኣይክእልን። ካብ ታሪኽ ክመሃር ዝህቅን ዝኾነ ወለዶ፡ ነቲ ንጉዕዞኡ ዘሰናኸለ ነቓዓት፡ ማዕረ`ቲ ነቓዓት እናሓተመን ዕንቅፋት እናጠሓሰን ንቕድሚት ዘሰጎሞ ሓያል ጎድንታቱ ብምስራዕ፡ ብጥንቃቐ ከጽንዖ ሓላፍነቱ ኢዩ። === መተሓሳሰቢ === “ካብ ማቲየንሶ ክሳብ ተድላ”፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኸምዚ ዝመስል ሕጽረታት ወይ ጸገማት ከም ዝተጻሕፈ ኣብ ግምት ተኣትዩ ክንበብ የድሊ። ተመራመርቲ፡ ብዙሕ ዘይተመለሰ ወይ ዘይተነጸረ ሕቶታትን ጉዳያትን ይረኽቡ ይኾኑ፡ ንኽረኽቡ እውን ንትስፎ። ረኺብካ ሱቕ ምባል ግን ቅኑዕ ኣይኮነን። ዝእረም ክእረም፡ ዝንቀፍ ክንቀፍ፡ ዝነኣድ ክነኣድ፡ ዝጐድልን ዝውስኽን ድማ ክጐድልን ክውሰኽን ግቡእን ቅኑዕን`ዩ። በዚ መዳይ`ዚ ኤርትራውያን ኣንበብቲ ጸገም ኣሎና። ልምድን ተመኲሮን ናይ ሃናጺ ነቐፊታ ገና ኣይደለብናን። ካብ “እዝን እዝን ጐዲሉ ….” ኢልካ ምሕባር፡ “ስለ ምንታይ ጐደለ …” ኢልካ ምውጣር ይቐለና። ነዞም ውሑዳት ፍሕትሕት ዝብሉ ዘለው ጸሓፍትን ተመራመርትን ዝድህልን ተስፋ ዘቚርጽን ስለ ዝኾነ፡ እዚ ኣገባብ`ዚ ክእረም ዝግብኦ ኢዩ። ===ዓይነት ጽሑፍ === መፍለዪ ንኡስ ኣርእስቲ ከም ዝሕብሮ “ካብ ማቲየንሶ ክሳብ ተድላ”፡ ካብቲ ኮሚሽነር ሕ.ሃ. ንኤርትራ ዝኣተወሉ ወርሒ ለካቲት 1951፡ ክሳብ`ቲ መራሕ መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ተድላ ባይሩ ካብ ስልጣን ዝወረዱሉ ወርሒ ሓመለ 1955 ንዘሎ ጊዜ ይጠምር። ኣብ ቀዳማይ ክፋሉ፡ መስርሕ ምትካል ፈደራል ስርዓት ኤርትራ ምስ ኢትዮጵያ ከመይ ከም ዝነበረ ብሰፊሑ ተዘርዚሩ ኣሎ። እቲ ኻልኣይ ክፍል፡ መንግስትነት ተድላ ባይሩ ተተኺሉ ንኽሰርሕ ኣብ ዝፈተነሉ ናይ ኣስታት ዓመትን መንፈቕን እዋን እንታይ ከም ዘጓነፎ ይገልጽ። ኣብቲ ሳልሳይን ናይ መወዳእታን ክፋል ድማ፡ እቲ ደግያት ተድላ ባይሩ ክሳብ ስልጣን ናብ ምልቃቕ ዘብጽሖም ተቓውሞ ህዝብን ባይቶን፡ ከምኡ`ውን ተግባራት መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያን ናይ`ቶም መራሕ መንግስቲ ግብረ መልስን ተገሊጹ ኣሎ። r7cm6yry7yu3updia8l90qfeokcgmiy 0 5897 24780 23316 2024-05-11T11:39:50Z Kehaa 8913 wikitext text/x-wiki 5wwfhwx6sw6nsdmgi17ipewxaxi9r3z 0 5898 23317 2021-11-30T22:04:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[Mekelle]] to [[መቐለ]]፦ title was not in Tigrinya wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[መቐለ]] 9o4mngmctyzmni941t2akzdmydie4fv 0 5900 24082 23325 2023-01-18T16:28:18Z Sakura emad 7824 +R wikitext text/x-wiki '''ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎት''' ወይ ድማ '''ኣሃዱ ማሕበራዊ''' ኣገልግሎት ብምምሕዳርዊ ቅርጺ ናይ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ክፍሊ ምምሕዳር ተማእዚዙ ዝኸይድ ኣሃዱ ኮይኑ፣ ፖለቲካዊ፣ ኮነ ማሕበራዊ ሕቶታት ናይ ህዝቢ ንምምላስ ማሕበራዊ ሕጊ ተማእዚዙ ዝዓዪ ኣሃዱ ኢዩ። እት ልክዕ ስሙ ድማ ከከም ዝጥዕም ብነፍሲ ወከፍ ምምሕዳር ክስየም ይኽእል። ኣሃዱ ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎት በቲ ኣብ 2001 (ዓንቀጽ 2001/453) ዝተደንገገ ተማእዚዙ ይሰርሕ። ቅድሚኡ ግን እቲ ሓሳብ (እዚ ሕጂ ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎት) ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ዘሎ ካልእ ስም ማለት ማሕበራዊ ክንክን ብዝብል ኢዩ ይጽዋዕ ኔሩ። ቅድሚ 1956 ድማ ክንክን ድኻታት ወይ ድማ ምእላይ ድኻታት ተባሂሉ ኢዩ ዝጽዋዕ ዝነበረ። እቶም ነዚ ዓይነት ኣግለግሎት ዝጥቀሙ ሰባት (ተረባሕቲ ናይዚ ኣገልግሎት ዝኾኑ) ድማ፣ ተገልገልቲ፣ ተጠቀምቲ፣ ዓማዊል፣ ተረባሕቲ ተባሂሎም ከከም ኩነታቱ ይጽዉዑ ኔሮም። 9kcw74txhzhfiaa96kmv3lvpnxw6vf3 0 5901 23326 2021-12-07T09:38:49Z Shewit Fishale 7992 Created by translating the page "[[:sv:Special:Redirect/revision/49637719|Socialtjänst]]" wikitext text/x-wiki ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎት ወይ ድማ ኣሃዱ ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎት ብምምሕዳርዊ ቅርጺ ናይ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ክፍሊ ምምሕዳር ተማእዚዙ ዝኸይድ ኣሃዱ ኮይኑ፣ ፖለቲካዊ፣ ኮነ ማሕበራዊ ሕቶታት ናይ ህዝቢ ንምምላስ ማሕበራዊ ሕጊ ተማእዚዙ ዝዓዪ ኣሃዱ ኢዩ። እት ልክዕ ስሙ ድማ ከከም ዝጥዕም ብነፍሲ ወከፍ ምምሕዳር ክስየም ይኽእል። ኣሃዱ ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎት በቲ ኣብ 2001 (ዓንቀጽ 2001/453) ዝተደንገገ ተማእዚዙ ይሰርሕ። ቅድሚኡ ግን እቲ ሓሳብ (እዚ ሕጂ ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎት) ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ዘሎ ካልእ ስም ማለት ማሕበራዊ ክንክን ብዝብል ኢዩ ይጽዋዕ ኔሩ። ቅድሚ 1956 ድማ ክንክን ድኻታት ወይ ድማ ምእላይ ድኻታት ተባሂሉ ኢዩ ዝጽዋዕ ዝነበረ። እቶም ነዚ ዓይነት ኣግለግሎት ዝጥቀሙ ሰባት (ተረባሕቲ ናይዚ ኣገልግሎት ዝኾኑ) ድማ፣ ተገልገልቲ፣ ተጠቀምቲ፣ ዓማዊል፣ ተረባሕቲ ተባሂሎም ከከም ኩነታቱ ይጽዉዑ ኔሮም። r2asunxven6rxq8hci9be9lma2lk9x0 10 5902 23343 2021-12-14T19:28:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ኣብኻዝያ]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ኣብካዝያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ኣብካዝያ]] 8d41ik3re1x37lc164a847gcsziw3l1 10 5903 23345 2021-12-14T19:33:20Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{{{{1<noinclude> |country showdata </noinclude>}}} | alias = ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ | flag alias = Flag of the Netherlands.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }}<noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{1<noinclude> |country showdata </noinclude>}}} | alias = ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ | flag alias = Flag of the Netherlands.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ንግስነት ኔዘርላንድ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }}<noinclude> a77lbcwiyqen7ru4l1xnqifryger8jw 828 5904 24399 24315 2023-06-29T14:25:21Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local Times = require( 'Module:Times') local Romans = require('Module:Numbers').Roman local link local function toLink(tag) if link == 'no' then return tag else return '[['.. tag ..']]' end end function toformat(datehour, options) if options['dateFormat'] == 'timestamp' then return datehour.time end if datehour == nil then return 'ዘይተፈልጠ' end local tag = datehour.label local timestamp = datehour.time local precision = datehour.precision -- Decode the timestamp. --if true then return timestamp end local sign, yearWithoutSign, month, day = timestamp:match("(%W)(%d+)%-(%d+)%-(%d+)") yearWithoutSign = tonumber(yearWithoutSign) -- Get the era local era = '' if sign == '-' then era = ' ቅ.ክ.' yearWithSign = - yearWithoutSign elseif yearWithoutSign == 0 then -- To check if it is still like this. yearWithoutSign = 1 yearWithSign = -1 era = ' ቅ.ክ.' else yearWithSign = yearWithoutSign end -- Inform the calendar local calendar local showCalendar = '' if datehour.calendarmodel == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985786' then calendar = 'julian' showCalendar = '<sup>julian</sup>' else calendar = 'gregorian' end -- Report the link used in the link function. NOTE: It should not be defined as local link = options.link if precision == 11 then -- Date of which the year, month and day are known if options['dateFormat'] == 'ዓመት' then return toLink(yearWithoutSign) .. showCalendar .. era -- Return only the year else return Times.Time({day,month,yearWithSign;link=options.link;calendar=calendar;['uppercase']=options['uppercase']}) end elseif precision == 10 then -- Date of which the year and month are known if options['dateFormat'] == 'ዓመት' then return toLink(yearWithoutSign) .. showCalendar .. era -- Return only the year else return Times.Time({'',month,yearWithSign;link=options.link;calendar=calendar;['uppercase']=options['uppercase']}) end elseif precision == 9 then -- Date of which the year is known return Times.Time({'','',yearWithSign;link=options.link;calendar=calendar;['uppercase']=options['uppercase']}) elseif precision == 8 then -- Date of which the decade is known local decade = math.floor(yearWithoutSign/10)*10 return toLink('ዓመታት '.. decade .. era) .. showCalendar elseif precision == 7 then -- Date of which the century is known local century = Romans(math.floor((yearWithoutSign - 1)/100) + 1) if options['uppercase'] == 'yes' then return toLink('ዘመን ' .. century .. era) .. showCalendar else return toLink('ዘመን ' .. century .. era) .. showCalendar end elseif precision == 6 then -- Date of which the millennium is known local millennium = Romans(math.floor(yearWithoutSign/1000)) return toLink(millennium .. ' ሽሕ ዓመት'.. era).. showCalendar elseif precision == 5 then -- Date of which 10,000 years is known local millennium = Romans(math.floor(yearWithoutSign/1000)) return toLink(millennium .. ' ሽሕ ዓመት'.. era) elseif precision == 4 then -- Date of which 100,000 years is known local millennium = Romans(math.floor(yearWithoutSign/1000)) return toLink(millennium.. ' ሽሕ ዓመት'.. era) elseif precision == 3 then -- Date of which the millions of years are known return math.floor(yearWithoutSign/1000000) .. ' ሚልዮናት ዓመታት' .. era elseif precision == 2 then -- Date of which 10 million years is known return math.floor(yearWithoutSign/1000000) .. ' ሚልዮናት ዓመታት' .. era elseif precision == 1 then -- Date of which 100 million years is known return math.floor(yearWithoutSign/1000000) .. ' ሚልዮናት ዓመታት' .. era else return "<span class=error>ዘይተፈልጠ ዓይነት ዳታ።</span>" end end function p.FormatDateTime(datehour, options, qualifyings) local idCircumstance if qualifyings and qualifyings["P1480"] and -- reference circumstances qualifyings["P1480"][1] and qualifyings["P1480"][1]['datavalue'] and qualifyings["P1480"][1]['datavalue']['value'] then idCircumstance = qualifyings["P1480"][1]['datavalue']['value']['numeric-id'] if idCircumstance == 5727902 then -- circa return '[[ኣስታት]]&nbsp;' .. toformat(datehour, options) end end -- Default value if formatting has not been known using the qualifying return toformat(datehour, options) end return p mx1pghevtm2t29lcbgfkjo49pnaedvl 828 5905 23387 23357 2021-12-21T17:25:46Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local z = {} local months = { 'ጥሪ','ለካቲት','መጋቢት','ሚያዝያ','ግንቦት','ሰነ','ሓምለ','ነሓሰ','መስከረም','ጥቅምቲ','ሕዳር','ታሕሳስ'} function z.NameOfMonth(month) -- Function that returns the name of the month, where month is a number between 1 and 12. -- If not, the month value is returned. -- For example, 2 --> ለካቲት -- 02 --> ለካቲት -- ሚያዝያ --> ሚያዝያ -- ግንቦት --> ግንቦት return months[tonumber(month)] or month end function z.Time(frame) -- Function that formats a date -- The only mandatory parameter is the year or 3. -- Get the arguments with which the function is called local arguments = {} local parent = {} if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then if frame.args[3] or frame.args["ዓመት"] then arguments = frame.args else parent = frame:getParent() arguments = parent.args end else arguments = frame end local link = arguments["link"] ~= "no" -- Obtain the day, the name of the month and the year including for negative years a.d. local day = arguments["መዓልቲ"] or arguments[1] or '' if day ~='' then day=tonumber(day) or day -- Remove leading zeros of the day. end local month = arguments["ወርሒ"] or arguments[2] or '' if month~='' then month =months[tonumber(month)] or month end local year=tonumber(arguments["ዓመት"] or arguments[3]) or 0 if year < 0 then year = -year .. ' ቅ.ክ.' end local calendar = '' if arguments["calendar"] == 'julian' then calendar = '<sup>[[Julian calendar|jul.]]</sup>' end -- Format the date depending on whether the day, month or year are reported if day ~='' then if link then return '[[' .. day .. ' ' .. month .. ']] [[' .. year .. ']]' .. calendar else return day .. ' ' .. month .. ' ' .. year .. calendar end elseif month~='' then if arguments["uppercase"] == 'yes' then month = mw.language.new('ti'):ucfirst(month) end if link then return '[[' .. month .. ']] [[' .. year .. ']]' else return month .. '' .. year end elseif year ~= 0 then if link then return '[[' .. year .. ']]' else return tostring(year) end end end function getNumberMonth(nameMonth) local numberMonth = '' local nameMonths = { ['01'] = 'ጥሪ', ['02'] = 'ለካቲት', ['03'] = 'መጋቢት', ['04'] = 'ሚያዝያ', ['05'] = 'ግንቦት', ['06'] = 'ሰነ', ['07'] = 'ሓምለ', ['08'] = 'ነሓሰ', ['09'] = 'መስከረም', ['9'] = 'መስከረም', ['10'] = 'ጥቅምቲ', ['11'] = 'ሕዳር', ['12'] = 'ታሕሳስ' } for k, n in pairs(nameMonths) do if nameMonths[k] == mw.ustring.lower(nameMonth) then numberMonth = k end end if numberMonth == nil or numberMonth == '' then numberMonth = '00' end return numberMonth end function setString(String) local day, month, year local error = '<strong class="error">Invalid date string</strong>' local valueDay = mw.ustring.gsub(String,'(%d+) %a+ ? %d+.*','%1') if valueDay == nil or valueDay == '' or mw.ustring.len(valueDay) > 2 or type(tonumber(valueDay)) ~= 'number' then return error else day = mw.ustring.format('%02d', tonumber(valueDay)) end local valueMonth = getNumberMonth(mw.ustring.gsub(String,'%d+ (%a+) ? %d+.*','%1')) if valueMonth == '00' then return error else month = mw.ustring.format('%02d',tonumber(valueMonth)) end local valueYear = mw.ustring.gsub(String,'%d+ %a+ ? (%d+).*','%1') if valueYear == nil or valueYear == '' or type(tonumber(valueYear)) ~= 'number' then return error else year = mw.ustring.format('%04d',tonumber(valueYear)) end local newString = year..month..day return newString end function z.Numerical(frame) return setString(frame.args[1]) end return z kqj9ywmwhn8eyoj1gww1a0tm62s6l4c 828 5906 23348 2021-12-14T21:22:13Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «local z = {} function z.Roman(frame) local number,arguments,parent local MinorRomanNumbers4000 = { {3000, "MMM"},{2000, "MM"},{1000, "M"}, {900, "CM"}, {800, "DCCC"}, {700, "DCC"}, {600, "DC"}, {500, "D"}, {400, "CD"}, {300, "CCC"}, {200, "CC"}, {100, "C"}, {90, "XC"},{80, "LXXX"},{70, "LXX"},{60, "LX"}, {50, "L"}, {40, "XL"}, {30, "XXX"},{20, "XX"},{10, "X"}, {9, "IX"}, {8, "VIII"},{7, "VII"},{6, "VI"}, {5, "V"}, {4, "I...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local z = {} function z.Roman(frame) local number,arguments,parent local MinorRomanNumbers4000 = { {3000, "MMM"},{2000, "MM"},{1000, "M"}, {900, "CM"}, {800, "DCCC"}, {700, "DCC"}, {600, "DC"}, {500, "D"}, {400, "CD"}, {300, "CCC"}, {200, "CC"}, {100, "C"}, {90, "XC"},{80, "LXXX"},{70, "LXX"},{60, "LX"}, {50, "L"}, {40, "XL"}, {30, "XXX"},{20, "XX"},{10, "X"}, {9, "IX"}, {8, "VIII"},{7, "VII"},{6, "VI"}, {5, "V"}, {4, "IV"}, {3, "III"},{2, "II"}, {1, "I"} } if type(frame) == 'number' then -- To be able to call it from another module easily number = frame else arguments = frame.args; parent = frame:getParent(); number = tonumber(arguments[1] or parent.args[1]) --Decimal number to be converted to Roman numerals end if number == nil or number == "" or number >= 4000 then return "" end local result = '' for _, v in ipairs( MinorRomanNumbers4000 ) do local value, letters = unpack( v ) if number >= value then number = number - value result = result .. letters end end return result end return z 87e8g5gzbljih85wrhn9en2gukdkd5v 828 5907 23354 2021-12-14T23:23:05Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «local z = {} local months = { 'ጥሪ','ለካቲት','መጋቢት','ሚያዝያ','ግንቦት','ሰነ','ሓምለ','ነሓሰ','መስከረም','ጥቅምቲ','ሕዳር','ታሕሳስ'} function z.currentDate() local d = os.date('!*t') local Date = {} Date.year = d.year Date.month = d.month Date.day = d.day Date.hour = d.hour Date.minute = d.min Date.second = d.sec return Date end function validate(Date) Date.year = to...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local z = {} local months = { 'ጥሪ','ለካቲት','መጋቢት','ሚያዝያ','ግንቦት','ሰነ','ሓምለ','ነሓሰ','መስከረም','ጥቅምቲ','ሕዳር','ታሕሳስ'} function z.currentDate() local d = os.date('!*t') local Date = {} Date.year = d.year Date.month = d.month Date.day = d.day Date.hour = d.hour Date.minute = d.min Date.second = d.sec return Date end function validate(Date) Date.year = tonumber(Date.year) Date.month = tonumber(Date.month) Date.day = tonumber(Date.day) Date.hour = tonumber(Date.hour) Date.minute = tonumber(Date.minute) Date.second = tonumber(Date.second) -- It remains to validate that it is a valid date end function z.age(date1, date2) --Function that returns the age in years between two dates --Dates are assumed to have been previously validated. if not date1 then return -- missing to return an error end if not date2 then date2=z.currentDate() end local years = date2.year - date1.year -- Year 0 does not exist, so it should not be counted if date1.year < 0 and date2.year > 0 then years = years - 1 end --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(date2) end if date2.month < date1.month or (date2.month == date1.month and date2.day < date1.day) then years = years - 1 end if years < 0 then return -- missing to return an error elseif years == 0 then return 'ዓመት ኣብ ዘይመልእ ግዜ' elseif years == 1 then return 'ሓደ ዓመት' else return years .. ' ዓመታት' end end function z.callFromATemplate(frame) function getDate(day, month, year) local result={} if day then result.day = day result.month = month result.year = year validate(result) return result end end local args = frame.args local task = z[args[1]] local date1 = getDate(args[2], args[3], args[4]) local date2 = getDate(args[5], args[6], args[7]) return task(date1, date2) end return z t41a08a1mhsn8snkuhsyaivtq2kd3at 828 5908 23360 23359 2021-12-15T00:13:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞድዩል:Formats]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) Scribunto text/plain -- Module to format text strings local p = {} function p.url(frame) local s = frame.args[1] local change = {} if string.find(s, '%[') then local change1 = string.gsub(s,'[%[ | %]]','') change = string.gsub(change1,'http:%/%/','') elseif string.find(s, 'http:%/%/') then change = string.gsub(s,'http:%/%/','') else change = s end return change end function p.formatnum(frame) local s = frame.args[1] local language = {} if s ~= '' or s ~= nil then if frame.args[2] then language = frame.args[2] else language = 'ti' end local num = string.gsub(string.gsub(s,',',''),'&nbsp;','') local formatnum = {} if type(tonumber(num)) == 'number' then if string.len(num) == 4 or mw.ustring.find(num,'%.') == 5 then if language == 'ti' then formatnum = string.gsub(num,'%.',',') else formatnum = mw.language.new(language):formatNum(tonumber(num)) end else formatnum = mw.language.new(language):formatNum(tonumber(num)) end return formatnum else return s --'<strong class="error">Invalid number</strong> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Formatnum errors]]' end else return '' end end return p gs1m9o7pz78uqzitjk3tm9petq281k8 10 5909 23362 23361 2021-12-15T00:14:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Formatnum]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ኣንቀሳቕስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Formats|formatnum|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|ti}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 8ez83ahufzvpfdk5hljgtq259q6c7eo 10 5910 23367 2021-12-16T11:07:31Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{hardspace}}<sup id="ቅጥዒ_መወከሲ-{{{1}}}" class="reference">[[#ቅጥዒ_መዘኻኸሪ-{{{1}}}|<span class="bracket-call">[</span>{{{1}}}<span class="bracket-call">]</span>]]</sup><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{hardspace}}<sup id="ቅጥዒ_መወከሲ-{{{1}}}" class="reference">[[#ቅጥዒ_መዘኻኸሪ-{{{1}}}|<span class="bracket-call">[</span>{{{1}}}<span class="bracket-call">]</span>]]</sup><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ro6hzls17odzfxwz1xcsenf3crd2umc 10 5911 23370 23369 2021-12-16T13:27:32Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ክደናገር]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="rellink noprint hatnote">ምስ {{#Invoke:list|list|linkup=yes|namespace=|separator=፣|conjunction=ወይ|1={{{1}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}}|4={{{4|}}}}} ክደናገር የብሉን። {{#if:{{{ካልእ|}}}|ን{{{ን|ካልኦት ኣጠቓቕማታት}}}፣ [[{{{ካልእ}}}]] ርኣይ።}}</div><noinclude>{{documentation}} <!-- Don't move to documentation --> [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ኣብ እትሕትመሉ እዋን ኣወግድ]] </noinclude> acd92mvosy1lkavqo1s5kpp3ahbzre4 10 5912 23371 2021-12-16T13:28:44Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] s7355ss62acrzou17w6a3ia71ydnw9f 10 5913 23372 2021-12-16T13:30:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] s7355ss62acrzou17w6a3ia71ydnw9f 10 5914 23373 2021-12-16T13:31:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] s7355ss62acrzou17w6a3ia71ydnw9f 10 5915 23374 2021-12-16T13:31:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ክደናገር]] s7355ss62acrzou17w6a3ia71ydnw9f 10 5916 23375 2021-12-16T13:51:47Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ዳች፦&nbsp;|ፍላሚሽ=[[ላህጃ ፍላሚሽ|ፍላሚሽ]]፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ዳች፦&nbsp;|ፍላሚሽ=[[ላህጃ ፍላሚሽ|ፍላሚሽ]]፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ዳች|ዳች]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} 6d7kqyg8zi14dccy740tdx1zzhe9ft5 0 5917 23377 2021-12-16T14:49:55Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኔዘርላንድ]] 9ufcp562ioc9qqi53f8r1x256uy6g55 0 5918 23378 2021-12-16T14:50:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኔዘርላንድ]] 9ufcp562ioc9qqi53f8r1x256uy6g55 0 5919 23379 2021-12-16T14:51:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኔዘርላንድ]] 9ufcp562ioc9qqi53f8r1x256uy6g55 0 5920 23380 2021-12-16T14:51:59Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኔዘርላንድ]] 9ufcp562ioc9qqi53f8r1x256uy6g55 0 5921 23381 2021-12-16T14:52:48Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኔዘርላንድ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኔዘርላንድ]] 9ufcp562ioc9qqi53f8r1x256uy6g55 0 5922 23386 2021-12-19T19:41:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ደቡብ ኣመሪካ]] t4vamusxj1hl0v654zplxi7ou34nim5 0 5923 23389 2021-12-22T16:22:33Z Joanmp14 5782 new article wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሪፓብሊክ ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|en|Republic of Trinidad and Tobago}} | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Together we aspire, together we achieve''<br /> (ብእንግሊዝኛ፦ «ብሓባር ንብህግ፣ ብሓባር ንበጽሕ») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''Forged from the Love of Liberty''<br /> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Forged from the Love of Liberty (instrumental).ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = TTO orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ፖርት ኦፍ ስፔን]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፓርላማውነት|ፓርላማዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ፓውላ-ማኤ ዊክስ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ2 = [[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን|ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]] | ስም_መራሒ2 = [[ኪት ሮውሊ]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ትሪኒዳዳዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 5,131 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = ውሑድ | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 1,367,558 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ዶላር ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] (TT$, <code>[[ኣይሶ 4217|TTD]]</code>) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]]-4 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.tt]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +1-868 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 780 / TTO / TT | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ሓባራዊ ሃብቲ ሃገራት]]፣ [[ው.ሃ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም|ው.ን.ዓ.]]፣ [[ማሕበረ-ሰብ ካሪብያን]]፣ [[ማሕበር ሃገራት ካሪብያን|ማ.ሃ.ካ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ፣ ካሪብያንን ፓሲፊክን|ው.ሃ.ኣ.ካ.ፓ.]]፣ [[ማሕበረ-ሰብ ሃገራት ላቲን ኣመሪካን ካሪብያንን|ማ.ሃ.ላ.ኣ.ካ.]] }} '''ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ Trinidad and Tobago)፣ ወግዓዊ ስማ '''ሪፓብሊክ ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን''' እያ (ብ[[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ|እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ Republic of Trinidad and Tobago)፣ ካብተን ን[[ደሴታዊት ኣመሪካ]] ዘቑማ ዓሰርተ ሰለስተ ሃገራት ሓንቲ እያ። ርእሰ ከተማኣ [[ፖርት ኦፍ ስፔን]] እያ። [[መደብ:ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] l1ab4vgvtx3siqklb2waa7wt0mrd9m8 0 5924 23390 2021-12-22T16:41:36Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ትሪኒዳድን ቶባጎን]] 24xwcuxttt9507mmk7qgqc0bnfs3d6q 0 5928 24443 24442 2023-08-09T09:00:53Z 188.57.28.37 ክዐጊዪዘልነልክ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Izgrew.jpg|thumb|ጸሓይ]] '''ጸሓይ''' ወይ '''ፀሓይ''' (ትእምርቲ: [[file:sun symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|ዘልነልክክዐሁዪ(]]) fq5jw07vuamdz7vtm2b5nbuacv2nli7 0 5929 23539 23429 2022-04-15T23:24:28Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:FullMoon2010.jpg|thumb|ወርሒ]] '''ወርሒ''' (ትእምርቲ: [[file:moon decrescent symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|☾]]) fw0wqvcv9ogvdy5sgwsv8nk6b3egnwv 0 5934 23434 2022-01-31T13:38:59Z Kwamikagami 3286 Redirected page to [[ጸሓይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ጸሓይ]] 0zd8lb1005iw9mhycad7dqdgvt2ua9l 0 5940 23514 2022-03-24T20:54:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ዩክረይን]] to [[ዩክሬን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩክሬን]] epei648or1rytyjd602zdob7rzt942c 10 5941 23516 2022-03-24T23:08:07Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=uk }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=uk }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude> n5vt83v6onexf38mmikbnsigi6xcti8 10 5942 23517 2022-03-24T23:11:15Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ዩክሬንኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ዩክሬንኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{docume...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ዩክሬንኛ፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ዩክሬንኛ|ዩክሬንኛ]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} lazmuo4aobg21okfj4bay4ksmg3j25t 0 5943 23519 2022-03-24T23:43:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዩክሬን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩክሬን]] epei648or1rytyjd602zdob7rzt942c 0 5944 23520 2022-03-24T23:44:08Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዩክሬን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩክሬን]] epei648or1rytyjd602zdob7rzt942c 0 5945 23521 2022-03-24T23:44:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዩክሬን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩክሬን]] epei648or1rytyjd602zdob7rzt942c 0 5946 23522 2022-03-24T23:45:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዩክሬን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩክሬን]] epei648or1rytyjd602zdob7rzt942c 10 5949 23530 2022-04-04T21:35:51Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ጥልያን፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}}» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><small>{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=ዓ.ለ.ኣ.ፊ.፦&nbsp;|ቋንቋ=ጥልያን፦&nbsp;|ኣደማምጻ=ኣደማምጻ፦&nbsp;|ከባብያዊ=ብከባብያዊ&nbsp;|=|ኣደማምጻ ብ[[ቋንቋ ጥልያን|ጥልያን]]፦&nbsp;}}</small><span title="ኣደማምጻ ኣብ ዓለም ለኻዊ ኣደማምጻዊ ፊደል" class="IPA">{{nowrap|/{{{1}}}/</span>}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}</onlyinclude> {{documentation}} 6hl5wwitri4na3gknohsgtczhtagiqd 0 5951 23537 23535 2022-04-11T21:44:12Z Martorellpedro 7752 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 20em; text-align: left; float: right; font-size: 90%; border: 0px solid #B0C4DE;" | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: large;" bgcolor="#B0C4DE" |'''ጎ፣ ዶግ። ጎ!''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[ፋይል:GoDogGo logo.png|center|frameless|183x183px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; " bgcolor="#B0C4DE" |'''Go, Dog. Go!''' |- !ኣዳላዪ |ኣዳም ፐልትስማን |- !ሙዚቃ |ፖል ባክሊ |- !ስቱድዮ |DreamWorks Animation Television WildBrain Studios |- !ተደራራቢ |[[ኔትፍሊክስ]] |- !ለቐቐ |26 ጥሪ 2021<ref name="AniMag">{{cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/trailer-dreamworks-go-dog-go-speeds-to-netflix-jan-26/|title=Trailer: DreamWorks' 'Go, Dog, Go!' Speeds to Netflix Jan. 26|date=January 6, 2021|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|website=Animation Magazine|access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref> |- !ሃገር |[[ኣመሪካ]]<br>[[ካናዳ]] |- !ልሳን |[[እንግሊዝኛ]] |} '''ጎ፣ ዶግ። ጎ!<ref name="preschool">{{cite web|url=https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-to-launch-diverse-slate-of-original-preschool-series-from-award-winning-kids-programming-creators|title=NETFLIX TO LAUNCH DIVERSE SLATE OF ORIGINAL PRESCHOOL SERIES FROM AWARD-WINNING KIDS PROGRAMMING CREATORS|work=[[Netflix Media Center]]|access-date=July 23, 2019}}</ref>''' ({{Lang-en|Go, Dog. Go!}}) [[ኣመሪካ|ኣመሪካውያን]] አኒሜሽን ተለቪዥን ፕሮግራም። == ጸብጻብ == <references /> == መርበብ == * [https://www.dreamworks.com/shows/go,-dog.-go! dreamworks.com/shows/go,-dog.-go!] [[መደብ:ኣመሪካ]] [[መደብ:ካናዳ]] jnbuz68rmddjpcthhb5nrwfesjwfhno 0 5953 23542 2022-04-15T23:29:37Z Kwamikagami 3286 Kwamikagami moved page [[አስትሮኖሚ]] to [[ስነ-ኮኾብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ስነ-ኮኾብ]] 1kbguoldyymx4zopz6z68qgg5kjai2i 10 5955 23561 2022-05-01T21:17:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሉሃንስክ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ሉሃንስክ]] s909hy3llfdpyht804mw60pt3u18dxm 10 5956 23562 2022-05-01T21:18:14Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ዶኔትስክ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ዶኔትስክ]] 30gxmfu0nrit848gbsx5u9rfdnaolkp 10 5957 23564 2022-05-01T21:48:54Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Country data ዩክረይን]] to [[ሞደል:Country data ዩክሬን]] over redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ዩክሬን]] m00thogbx8ttjngoan4pb3z3ahx9k5l 0 5958 23608 23580 2022-05-08T14:14:29Z Andre Engels 9 Redirected page to [[ፋሽስታዊ ፅውፅዋይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ፋሽስታዊ ፅውፅዋይ]] fcvpgv7zh9cdo96m1knyymu6o4nx2m0 0 5959 23592 23591 2022-05-04T23:49:37Z Habengomida 8308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፋሽስታዊ ፅውፅዋይ''' ወይ ምስጢራዊ እምነት (ብጣልያንኛ፦ ''ሚስቲካ ፋሲስታ'') ኣብ ፋሺስት ጥልያን ዝነበረ፣ ኣብ [[ፊደኒዝም]]፣<ref>Luigi Emilio Longo, I vincitori della guerra perduta (sezione su Niccolò Giani), Edizioni Settimo sigillo, Roma, 2003, pag.81</ref><ref>Tomas Carini, Niccolò Giani e la scuola di mistica fascista 1930-1943, Mursia, 2009, pag.130</ref><ref>Tomas Carini, Niccolò Giani e la scuola di mistica fascista 1930-1943, Mursia, 2009, pag.123</ref> እተመስረተ ቅቡል ወይ ልሙድ ምንቅስቓስ ናህሪ ፖለቲካውን ሃይማኖታውን ኣተሓሳስባ እዩ ነይሩ፣ እዚ እምነት እዚ ብዘይ ምኽንያት ዝነበረ እዩ፣ ፋሺሽታዊነት ከኣ ኣብ ፅውፅዋያትን [[መንፈሳዊ ምስጢራውነትን]] እተመስረተ ክኸውን ኣለዎ ዝብል እምነት። == ትርጉም == ኒኮሎ ጂያኒ ንትርጕም ምስጢራዊነት ካብቲ ፈረንሳዊ ፈላስፋ [[ሉዊ ሩጀር]] ዝጸሓፎ ጽሑፍ ኢዩ ወሲድዎ - ምስጢር ምስ ልምዲ ወይ ስምዒት ዚሰማማዕ እተፈላለየ ሓሳባት እዩ ፣ እዚ ሓሳባት እዚ ርትዓዊ መመኽነይታ እኳ እንተ ዘይኰነ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ድማ ነቲ ናብኡ ዝመርሐ ቐንዲ ምኽንያታት ዚርስዕ እዩ። |[[ሉዊ ሩጀር]] ኣብ ኒኮሎ ጃኒ ብ9 ጥቅምቲ 15 ጥቅምቲ 1932 <ref>Niccolò Giani, La marcia sul mondo, Novantico Editore, Pinerolo, 2010, pag.43</ref> ጃኒ ምስ ሩዥየር ብምስምማዕ ኣብቲ [[ቤት ትምህርቲ ፋሺስት ሚስቲሲዝም]] ዘቕረቦ መግለጺ ፋሺዝም 'ምስጢራዊ' መዳይ ከም ዘለዎ ኣጕልሐ ከመይሲ ፋሺዝም እተሓላለኸ ስነ-ምግባራውን ማሕበራውን ፖለቲካውን ምድብን ቀኖናውን እምነታት ኢዩ ዘመሓላልፎ እዚ ድማ ብሓፋሽ ይኹን ብሒደት ሰባት ተቐባልነት ረኺቡ ኣብ ሕቶ ዘይኣቱ ኢዩ ። ... [ፋሽስት] ኣብቲ ፋሺስትን ፈጣርን ስልጣነ ዝዀነ ዘይጋገ ዱስ በኒቶ ሙሶሊኒ ኸም ዚኣምን ገለጸ፣ [ፋሽስት] ካብ ዱስ ወጻኢ ዝዀነ ይኹን ነገር መንፈሳዊ ወይ ኣረማዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ኸም ዘለዎ ይኽሕድ እዩ።"'' ኣልዶ ግራንዲ 'ግሊ ኢሮይ ዲ ሙሶሊኒ። Niccolò ጃኒ ኢ ላ ስኩኦላ ዲ ሚስቲካ ፋሺስታ 'ሚላኖ ሪዞሊ (ኤዲዝዮኒ ቡር) 2004 ፓግ.32 == የፕሮቴክተሮኒስት == ነቲ ናይ ፋሺስት ምስጢር ኣብ ግምት ከእትዉዎ ኸለዉ ኢጣልያውያን ፈላስፋታት ዝገብርዎ ወፈያ "ናይ ምሕሳብ ዝንባለ" ጥራይ ኢዩ ዘሎ እንተዀነ ግን ነቲ ኒኖ ትሪፖዲ ዝጠቐሶም ሩዥየር ኣልበርት ሶረል ከምኡውን ሄንሪ በርግሰን መምርሒ ኣብ ክንዲ ዝህቡ ኣብ መንእሰያት ምስጢራት ናይ ኣእምሮ ዅነታት ኣብ ምውሳን ኣድላዪ እኳ እንተ ነበረ ጠቒሶምዎ ኢዮም። ብመሰረት እቲ ኢንዞ ፓሲ ዚበሃል ፈላስፋ ዝበሎ ፋሺስት ምስጢራዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ኸምቲ ኣብቲ ግዜ እቲ ዝነበረ ባህሊ ኒቸስን ሶረልን ጸልይዎም እዩ - መሰረታዊ ስርዓታት ምስጢራዊ ፋሺዝም ብዓብዪኡ በቶም ኒኮሎ ጃኒን ምስቶም ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ፋሺስት ሚስቲዝም (እንተላይ ጊዶ ፓሎታን በርቶ ሪቺን) ዝነበሩ መምህራን እተኣስሩ ሒደት ኣባላት ፋሺስት ዝቘመ ኢዩ ገለ ኻብዚኣቶም ከኣ ፈርዲናንድ መዛሶማ ኢዮም ጁሰፔ ቦታይ) በቶም ፋሺስት እምነት (ቴለሲዮ ኢንተርላንዲ ቨርጂንያ ጋይዳ) ከምኡውን በኒቶ ሙሶሊኒ እተረጋገጹ ጸሓፍትን ጋዜጠኛታትን እተዳለወ። ኣብ መወዳእትኡ ነቲ ምስ ፖሊሲታት ቤት ትምህርቲ ፋሺስት ሚስቲዝም ዚተሓሓዝ ስነ-ስርዓትን መምርሒታትን "ፋሽስት" ኣብ ምምዕባል ስዒቡ ዝመጸ ባህላዊ መስመራት መርመሮ። ኣብ ከባቢ እዚ ሕመረት ናይቶም ልዑል ግምት ዘለዎም ምሁራት ንኻልኦት ዘተኰረ ኢዩ ነይሩ ንፓውሎ ኦራኖ ሉዊጂ ስተፋኒኒ (ናይ ፋሺስት ሚስቲዝም ቤት ትምህርቲ ወግዓዊ ኣማኻሪ ዝነበረ) ከምኡውን ጁልየስ ኢቮላ ከምኡውን ጆቫኒ ኣህዛብን ተማሃራይን ዓርኩን ኣርማንዶ ካርሊኒን ሓዊስካ ካርሊኒ ኣብ ፋሺስት "ምስጢር" ሕጽር ዝበለ ግደ ዝነበሮ ኢዩ ዝመስል። == እውን ርአ == *[[ሳሒራዊ ጠርዚ ክንፊ የማንይናይነት]] *[[ኢሶቶሪክ ናዚዝም]] == መወከሲ == {{Reflist|2}}  [[መደብ:ፋሽሽታዊነት]] 5z2qc7bmm9c45f2tv0ybbtjbe7iaf3o 0 5962 24694 23612 2024-01-30T01:58:58Z CommonsDelinker 65 Removing [[:c:File:La_Renaissance.ogg|La_Renaissance.ogg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Gbawden|Gbawden]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:La Renaissance.ogg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki {{ኣይተደናግር|ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ}} {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|fr|''République centrafricaine''}}<br/>{{መበቆላዊ ስም|sg|''Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka''}} | ሕብረት = ሃገር ኣባል | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of the Central African Republic.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of the Central African Republic.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''Unité, Dignité, Travail''<br />([[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፦ «ሓድነት፣ ክብረት፣ ስራሕ») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''La Renaissance'' <small>[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|(fr)]]</small>/<br>''E Zingo'' <small>[[ቋንቋ ሳንጎ|(sg)]]</small><br>(ብ[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፦ «ተሃድሶ»/<br>ብ[[ቋንቋ ሳንጎ|ሳንጎ]]፦ «በጺሕና») | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = | ምስሊ_ካርታ = CAF orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ባንጊ]] | ርእሰ_ከተማ_መስተማእዛኒታት = 4_22_N_18_35_E_ 4°22' N 18° 35' E | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋ ሳንጎ|ሳንጎ]]፣ [[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፕረዚደንትነት|ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ፋውስቲን-ኣርቸንጅ ትዋደራ]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• [[ሪፓብሊክ|1ይቲ ሪፓብሊክ]]<br>&nbsp;• [[ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃዊ ግዝኣት|ግዝኣት]]<br />&nbsp;• እዋናዊት ሪፓብሊክ | ዕለታት_መሰረት = ካብ [[ፈረንሳ]]<br />13 ነሓሰ 1960<br>4 ታሕሳስ 1976<br>20 መስከረም 1979 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 622,984 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 4,666,368 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2018 | ባጤራ = [[ፍራንክ ሲ.ኤፍ.ኤ. ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] (XAF)<br/>[[ቢትኮይን]] (BTC፤ ካብ ሚያዝያ 2022) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]]+1 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.cf]] | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +236 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 140 / CAF / CF | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ|ሕ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ቁጠባውን ገንዘባውን ማሕበረ-ሰብ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ|ቁ.ገ.ማ.ማ.ኣ.]] }} '''ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ''' (ብ[[ቋንቋ ሳንጎ|ሳንጎ]]፣ ''Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka''<span style="margin-left:1px">፤</span> ብ[[ቋንቋ ፈረንሳይኛ|ፈረንሳይኛ]]፣ ''République centrafricaine''፣ ወይ ብቐሊሉ '''ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ'''፣ ኣብ [[ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] እትርከብ [[ብባሕሪ ዘይተዓጽወት ሃገር]] እያ። ርእሰ ከተማን ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዝነብረላን ከተማ [[ባንጊ]] እያ። [[መደብ:ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] qdokd79rigtqehllol3bgrqcckj0ev9 0 5963 23613 2022-05-09T22:26:11Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሪፓብሊክ ማእከላይ ኣፍሪቃ]] he3yshart4nazj96jo92wy1tk82wp2u 0 5966 23620 2022-05-15T20:58:24Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ጉግል ትርጉም]] to [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]]፦ best fitting name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ተርጓሚ ጉግል]] 75309gawd189dj3ks95hktcu49klqul 10 5967 23625 2022-05-17T18:54:35Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{{1|}}}<br /><span style="font-size: 80%; line-height: 100%;">{{{2|}}}</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1|}}}<br /><span style="font-size: 80%; line-height: 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}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 13r85kxyy9h1hxtpch1x9bq91muejsz 10 5969 23628 2022-05-17T20:40:29Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<div style="border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#f0f0f0;width:100px;height:20px;"><div style="background-color:{{#if:{{{hex|#CCCCCC}}} |{{{hex|#CCCCCC}}} |rgb({{#expr:255*{{{3|255}}}}},{{#expr:255*{{{4|0}}}}},{{#expr:255*{{{5|0}}}}})}};width:{{#expr:floor(100*{{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})}}px;height:20px;"><div style="font-weight:bold;width:100px;height:22px;" align="center"><abbr title="{{#expr:({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}}*1...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#f0f0f0;width:100px;height:20px;"><div style="background-color:{{#if:{{{hex|#CCCCCC}}} |{{{hex|#CCCCCC}}} |rgb({{#expr:255*{{{3|255}}}}},{{#expr:255*{{{4|0}}}}},{{#expr:255*{{{5|0}}}}})}};width:{{#expr:floor(100*{{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})}}px;height:20px;"><div style="font-weight:bold;width:100px;height:22px;" align="center"><abbr title="{{#expr:({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}}*100) round 1}}%">{{formatnum:{{{1|50}}}}}/{{formatnum:{{{2|100}}}}}</abbr></div></div></div><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> dfgtrzw9x5o4j2ndfe3srbnfnvigaoe 0 5970 23634 23630 2022-05-19T19:46:10Z Joanmp14 5782 add abbreviation wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ፖለቲካዊ ሰልፊ | ስም = ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንደሞክራስን ፍትሕን | ሕብሪ = #006600 | ፕረዚደንት = [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] | ዋና_ጸሓፊ = [[ኣልኣሚን መሓመድ ስዒድ]] | ኣፈ_ጉባኤ = [[የማነ ገብረኣብ]] | መሰረት = ለካቲት 1994 | መንእሰይ = [[መንእሰያት ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንደሞክራስን ፍትሕን]] | ስነ_ሓሳብ = [[ፍጹም ምልካዊ ስርዓት]]<br>[[ሃገራውነት|ኤርትራዊ ሃገራውነት]]<br />[[ዓለማውነት]]<br>[[ማሕበርነት]] | ዋና_ቤት_ጽሕፈት = [[ኣስመራ]]፣ [[ኤርትራ]] {{Flagdeco|ኤርትራ}} | መናብር1_ኣርእስቲ = ሃገራዊ ባይቶ | መናብር1 = {{ሓበሬታ ፖለቲካዊ ሰልፊ/መናብር|75|150|hex=#006600}} }} ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ፣ '''ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንደሞክራስን ፍትሕን''' ('''ህግደፍ''') ኣብ ኤርትራ እንኮ ሕጋዊ [[ፖለቲካዊ ሰልፊ]] እዩ። ብ[[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] ዝምራሕ ኮይኑ፣ ብግዲኡ መራሒ ሃገር እዩ። ብለካቲት 1994 ኣብ ዘካየዶ ሳልሳይ ጉባኤኡ፣ ስሙ ናብዚ ሕጂ ዘሎ ዝቐየረ [[ማርክስነት|ማርክሳዊ]] [[ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ]] ከም ተካኢ እዩ ዝቑጸር። እቲ ትካል፣ ንኤርትራውያን ሃገራውያን፣ [[ማሕበራዊ ደርቢ|ማሕበራዊ ደርቦም]] ብዘየገድስ፣ ኣብ ሓደ ዘራኽብ፣ ሰፊሕ መሰረት ዘለዎ ፖለቲካዊ ምንቅስቓስ ክኸውን ዝዓለመ እዩ። daza9n5z3wos7llcjo027jqh54rmko4 0 5971 23631 2022-05-17T23:30:07Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንደሞክራስን ፍትሕን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንደሞክራስን ፍትሕን]] cs22hqd2dcuo4cdzv6hbzcizogau38b 10 5972 23636 2022-05-22T20:27:09Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:List|list|separator=<br/>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:List|list|separator=<br/>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 5zvum1pp9lzwqkuvgo3gunnmgenus7j 10 5973 23638 23637 2022-05-22T21:41:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Infobox/Columns]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}|<table 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{{#if:{{{ጉድኣት1|}}}{{{ጉድኣት2|}}}{{{ጉድኣት3|}}}{{{ጉድኣት4|}}}{{{ጉድኣት5|}}}{{{ክሳራታት1|}}}{{{ክሳራታት2|}}}|{{#if:{{{ሲቪላዊ|}}}|ሚዛን|ጉድኣት}}}} |datastyle34 = font-size:100%; |data34 = {{Infobox/Columns|{{{ጉድኣት1|}}}|{{{ጉድኣት2|}}}|{{{ጉድኣት3|}}}|{{{ጉድኣት4|}}}}} |datastyle35 = font-size:100%; |data35 = {{#if:{{{ጉድኣት5|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{ጉድኣት1|}}}{{{ጉድኣት2|}}}{{{ጉድኣት3|}}}{{{ጉድኣት4|}}}|style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa"}}>{{{ጉድኣት5|}}}</div>}} |datastyle36 = font-size:100%; |data36 = {{#if:{{{ክሳራታት1|}}}{{{ክሳራታት2|}}}|'''<small><div style="background-color: #e6e6e6; border-style: none">{{#if:{{{ሲቪላዊ|}}}|ንዋታዊ ክሳራታት|ንዋት}}</div></small>'''}} |datastyle37 = font-size:100%; |data37 = {{Infobox/Columns|{{{ክሳራታት1|}}}|{{{ክሳራታት2|}}}}} |section38 = {{#if:{{{ቅድሚኡ|}}}{{{ድሕሪኡ|}}}|ስነ እዋን}} |data39 = {{Infobox/Succession|{{Property|P155|{{{ቅድሚኡ|}}}|priority=no}}|{{{ስም|{{{ስም_ውግእ|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}}|{{Property|P156|{{{ድሕሪኡ|}}}|priority=no}}|color=#E6E8FA|hide_gaps=yes|arrows=yes}} |data56 = {{{infobox son|}}} | section57 = 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{{{መስተማእዛኒታት|}}}{{{coord|}}}{{{coor|}}}{{{lat|}}}{{{latd|}}}{{{ማእገር|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with local coordinates]] | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with coordinates on Wikidata]] }} | {{#if: {{{መስተማእዛኒታት|}}}{{{coord|}}}{{{coor|}}}{{{lat|}}}{{{latd|}}}{{{ማእገር|}}} | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with coordinates to move to Wikidata]] | [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles needing coordinates]] }} }} }} }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ojkkte24x6i70ugwhbsp2m7djckvph8 10 5976 23642 2022-05-22T23:31:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] g1ci3upyqwo5wkp8htk7d8fbi9p6kw6 10 5977 23643 2022-05-22T23:32:26Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] g1ci3upyqwo5wkp8htk7d8fbi9p6kw6 10 5978 23644 2022-05-22T23:32:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] g1ci3upyqwo5wkp8htk7d8fbi9p6kw6 10 5979 23645 2022-05-22T23:33:57Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] g1ci3upyqwo5wkp8htk7d8fbi9p6kw6 10 5980 23646 2022-05-22T23:34:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] g1ci3upyqwo5wkp8htk7d8fbi9p6kw6 10 5981 23647 2022-05-22T23:34:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] g1ci3upyqwo5wkp8htk7d8fbi9p6kw6 10 5982 23648 2022-05-22T23:35:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ግጭት]] g1ci3upyqwo5wkp8htk7d8fbi9p6kw6 0 5983 23651 2022-05-23T06:39:26Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ኤርትራ ኲናት ናይ ናጽነት]] to [[ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ]]፦ wrong title wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ]] i00kndc3fv5gplwd0fey3c3hf1hrbrs 10 5984 23653 2022-05-23T07:56:39Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ የመን | flag alias = Flag of South Yemen.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ደቡብ የመን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SYE | related = የመን </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ደቡብ የመን | flag alias = Flag of South Yemen.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ደቡብ የመን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SYE | related = የመን </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> h88geyqosf9zz7nkvro3qy35b3czmme 10 5985 23654 2022-05-23T07:56:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ደቡብ የመን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ደቡብ የመን]] iwg2lztz8n8172d63oczhgwfqj61s3l 10 5986 23871 23655 2022-08-23T04:53:47Z 1.253.220.145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሰሜን ኮርያ | flag alias = Flag of North Korea.svg | flag alias-1945 = Flag of the Soviet Union (1936–1955).svg | flag alias-1946 = Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg | flag alias-alt = Flag of North Korea (1948).svg | flag alias-1948 = Flag of North Korea (1948–1992) alternative colours tone version.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1945 | var2 = 1946 | var3 = alt | var4 = 1948 | redir1 = PRK | redir2 = ደሞክራስያዊት ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ኮርያ | related1 = ኮርያ | related2 = ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኮርያ | related3 = ደቡብ ኮርያ </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> erfghapgw0l8ty89qkdo3s224rf30yu 10 5987 23656 2022-05-23T08:05:05Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን ኮርያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን ኮርያ]] orj15pctldhqrayawz3nemmm8o19zv4 10 5988 23657 2022-05-23T08:05:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን ኮርያ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሰሜን ኮርያ]] orj15pctldhqrayawz3nemmm8o19zv4 10 5989 23658 2022-05-23T08:15:46Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ምብራቕ ጀርመን | flag alias = Flag of the German Democratic Republic.svg | flag alias-1949 = Flag of Germany.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ጀርመን | flag alias-naval = Flag of warships of VM (East Germany).svg | link alias-naval = ቮልክስማሪን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1949 | redir1 = GDR | redir2 = DDR | redir3 = ጀ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ምብራቕ ጀርመን | flag alias = Flag of the German Democratic Republic.svg | flag alias-1949 = Flag of Germany.svg | alt = ባንዴራ ጀርመን | flag alias-naval = Flag of warships of VM (East Germany).svg | link alias-naval = ቮልክስማሪን | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1949 | redir1 = GDR | redir2 = DDR | redir3 = ጀርመናዊት ደሞክራስያዊት ሪፓብሊክ | related1 = ጀርመን </noinclude> }} hgur9ttmq81v6g12lc5vgfzo2nmik46 10 5990 23659 2022-05-23T08:16:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ምብራቕ ጀርመን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ምብራቕ ጀርመን]] n8i2057t9f7gw5gz0eal505dgnybtup 10 5991 23660 2022-05-23T08:16:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ምብራቕ ጀርመን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ምብራቕ ጀርመን]] n8i2057t9f7gw5gz0eal505dgnybtup 10 5992 23661 2022-05-23T08:16:31Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ምብራቕ ጀርመን]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ምብራቕ ጀርመን]] n8i2057t9f7gw5gz0eal505dgnybtup 10 5993 23662 2022-05-23T09:01:17Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሕብረት ሶቭየት | flag alias = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg | flag alias-1923 = Flag of the Soviet Union 1923.svg | flag alias-1955 = Flag of the Soviet Union 1955.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union.svg | flag alias-naval-1924 = Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union 1924.svg | flag alias-naval-1935 = Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union 1935.svg | link alias-naval = ሓይሊ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ሕብረት ሶቭየት | flag alias = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg | flag alias-1923 = Flag of the Soviet Union 1923.svg | flag alias-1955 = Flag of the Soviet Union 1955.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union.svg | flag alias-naval-1924 = Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union 1924.svg | flag alias-naval-1935 = Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union 1935.svg | link alias-naval = ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ሶቭየት | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1923 | var2 = 1955 | var3 = naval-1924 | var4 = naval-1935 | redir1 = URS | redir2 = USSR | redir3 = SUN </noinclude> }} 11oc9f44jua5txwrakp8r0acf6iin07 10 5994 23663 2022-05-23T09:01:32Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሕብረት ሶቭየት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሕብረት ሶቭየት]] d30moiy0d9tllxl8d1h9zinzb52jkr6 10 5995 23664 2022-05-23T09:01:39Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሕብረት ሶቭየት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሕብረት ሶቭየት]] d30moiy0d9tllxl8d1h9zinzb52jkr6 10 5996 23665 2022-05-23T09:01:45Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Country data ሕብረት ሶቭየት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Country data ሕብረት ሶቭየት]] d30moiy0d9tllxl8d1h9zinzb52jkr6 12 5997 23668 2022-05-24T13:41:44Z Semere3 8346 ገጽ ምስ «ኣብ ዊኪበድያ ኩሉ ሰብ ኣብ ናይ ትግርኛ ምዕባለ ክትሓጋገዝ ኣለዎ። እቲ ዝደለናዮ ከምቲ ብካልእ ቃንቃታት ቀልጥፍካ እቲ ትደልዮ ትሩጉም፥ ታሪክ፥ ዝተፋላለየ ቀልጥፍካ ትረክቦ ብትግርኛ ድማ ከምኡ ክንገብሮ ኣለና።» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ኣብ ዊኪበድያ ኩሉ ሰብ ኣብ ናይ ትግርኛ ምዕባለ ክትሓጋገዝ ኣለዎ። እቲ ዝደለናዮ ከምቲ ብካልእ ቃንቃታት ቀልጥፍካ እቲ ትደልዮ ትሩጉም፥ ታሪክ፥ ዝተፋላለየ ቀልጥፍካ ትረክቦ ብትግርኛ ድማ ከምኡ ክንገብሮ ኣለና። luhpx51bcy86n7g48fwwpdvx2l1e258 8 6000 23673 2022-05-25T08:21:52Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «ዊኪፐድያ» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ዊኪፐድያ s4hm5snhpzg3bj5yx8bgqdwjpy5lbio 8 6001 23674 2022-05-25T09:06:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<div style="text-align: left"><span style="cursor: help" title="ቅድሚ «ለውጥታት ኣሕትም» ምውቃዕካ፣ ብዛዕባ ኣርትዖትካ ሓጺር መጠቓለሊ ምጽሓፍ ጽቡቕ እዩ። ቀሊል ነገር ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ፣ ንኣብነት «ጌጋ ኣጸሓሕፋ» እንተ ጽሒፍካዮ፣ ካልኦት ሰባት ጌጋ ኣጸሓሕፋ ወይ ስርዓተ-ነጥቢ ከም ዝኣረምካ ክርድኡ እዮ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-align: left"><span style="cursor: help" title="ቅድሚ «ለውጥታት ኣሕትም» ምውቃዕካ፣ ብዛዕባ ኣርትዖትካ ሓጺር መጠቓለሊ ምጽሓፍ ጽቡቕ እዩ። ቀሊል ነገር ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ፣ ንኣብነት «ጌጋ ኣጸሓሕፋ» እንተ ጽሒፍካዮ፣ ካልኦት ሰባት ጌጋ ኣጸሓሕፋ ወይ ስርዓተ-ነጥቢ ከም ዝኣረምካ ክርድኡ እዮም።">መጠቓለሊ ኣርትዖት <small>(ዝገበርካዮ ለውጥታትን ዝተጠቐምካሉ ምንጪ ሓበሬታን ብሓጺሩ ግለጽ)</small></span>፦</div> j9ud4j9162a43ixgzsqgaslfqc11m41 10 6002 23676 23675 2022-05-25T13:17:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Pad]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-left: {{{1|1em}}};">&nbsp;</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> sko4da1j31mtfb7qoz7vbbluv8eakfb 10 6003 23679 23678 2022-05-25T13:29:36Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሕማም]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |headertype = medicine |colorbackgroundtitle = #DCDCDC |sectionstyle = background-color:#DCDCDC |tablefooterstyle = background-color:#DCDCDC |footerstyle = font-size:85% |title = {{{ስም|{{{name|{{Title without disambig}}}}}}}} |image = {{{ምስሊ|{{{image|}}}}}} |imagesize = {{{ዓቐን ምስሊ|{{{ዓቐን|{{{width|}}}}}}}}} |footer = {{{እግሪ ምስሊ|{{{እግሪ|{{{caption|}}}}}}}}} |section1 = |label2 = [[ሕክምናዊ ፍሉይነት|ፍሉይነት]] |data2 = {{Property|P1995|{{{ፍሉይነት|{{{field|}}}}}}|<br>}} |label3 = ምልክታት |data3 = {{{ምልክታት|}}} |label4 = ሕልኽላኻት |data4 = {{{ሕልኽላኻት|}}} |label5 = ልሙድ መጀመርታ |data5 = {{{ዕድመ|}}} |label6 = ንውሓት ግዜ |data6 = {{{ንውሓት ግዜ|}}} |label7 = ዓይነታት |data7 = {{{ዓይነታት|}}} |label8 = ጠንቅታት |data8 = {{{ጠንቅታት|}}} |label9 = ረቛሒታት ሓደጋ |data9 = {{{ረቛሒታት ሓደጋ|}}} |label10 = ምርመራ |data10 = {{{ምርመራ|}}} |label11 = ፍልልያዊ ምርመራ |data11 = {{{ፍልልያዊ|}}} |label12 = ክልከላ |data12 = {{{ክልከላ|}}} |label13 = ክንክን |data13 = {{{ክንክን|}}} |label14 = መድሃኒት |data14 = {{{መድሃኒት|}}} |label15 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[[ፋይል:Legislation Terminology Map.png|thumb|ንሓጋጊ ኣካል ነፍሲ ወከፍ ሃገር ዝምልከት ኣጸዋውዓታት]] '''ሓጋጊ ኣካል'''፣ ኣብ ርእሲ ምምሕዳር ባጀት መንግስቲ፣ ንሓደ ከም ሃገር ወይ ከተማ ዝኣመሰለ ፖለቲካዊ ኣካል ሕጊ ናይ ምፍጣር ፍሉይ ስልጣን ዘለዎ ናይ ምምይያጥ [[ባይቶ]] እዩ። ሓገግቲ ኣካላት ኣገዳሲ ኣካል መብዛሕትኦም መንግስታት እዮም፤ ኣብ ሞደል ምፍልላይ ስልጣን ምስ ፈጻሚን ፍርድን ጨናፍር መንግስቲ ብምንጽጻር ብተመሳሳሊ መንገዲ ብመሰረት ሕገ መንግስታዊ ድንጋገታት ተግባራቶም ናይ ምቁጽጻር ሓላፍነት ዝወስድን እዩ። ብሓገግቲ ኣካላት ዝሕንጽጹ ሕግታት ሕጋገ ተባሂሎም ይፍለጡ። ሓገግቲ ኣካላት ንተግባራት መንግስቲ ይከታተሉን ይመርሑን ብሓፈሻ ድማ ኣብቲ መስርሕ ዝሳተፍ ባጀት ወይ ባጀታት ናይ ምምሕያሽ ብሕታዊ ስልጣን ኣለዎም። j87j4ztzzdw92rf5luffimtk0849xn5 10 6007 23697 2022-06-08T13:34:08Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=ar |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit |code=ar |rtl=yes }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Lang-x/doc}} [[መደብ:ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ሞደል]] </noinclude> lunmpxxawsjz25wy19hy19reajw3x2e 0 6008 24484 23699 2023-09-14T09:15:16Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ዓረባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ግብጺ | መበቆላዊ_ስም = {{መበቆላዊ ስም|ar|جمهوريّة مصرالعربيّة}} | ሕብረት = ኣባል ሃገር | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Egypt.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = {{lang|ar|بلادي بلادي بلادي}}<br>([[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]፦ 'ሃገረይ፣ ሃገረይ፣ ሃገረይ') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = EGY orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ፋይል:Emblem Cairo Governorate.svg|20px]] [[ካይሮ]] | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋታት = [[ቋንቋ ዓረብኛ|ዓረብኛ]]ን [[ግብጻዊ ዓረብኛ]]ን | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ፍርቂ ፕረዚደንትነት|ፍርቂ ፕረዚደንታዊት]] [[ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ግብጺ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ዓብደል ፋታሕ ኣል-ሲሲ]] | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ግብጻዊ/ -ት<br>ምስራዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 1,010,408 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0,6 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 102,674,145 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2021 | ባጤራ = [[ግብጻዊ ፓውንድ]] ([[ኣይሶ 4217|EGP]]) | ዞባ_ግዜ = [[ግዜ ምብራቕ ኤውሮጳ|EAT]] ([[ዝተሳነየ ኣድማሳዊ ግዜ|UTC]] +2) | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = [[.eg]]ን .مصرን | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +20 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 818 / EGY / EG | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ|ሕ.ኣ.]]፣ [[ዩነስኮ]]፣ [[ሓባራዊ ዕዳጋ ምብራቕን ደቡብን ኣፍሪቃ|ሓ.ዕ.ም.ደ.ኣ.]] }} '''ግብጺ'''፣ ወይ '''ምስሪ''' ({{lang-ar|مصر}}፤ ብ[[ቋንቋ ቅብጢ|ቅብጢ]]፦ Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ)፣ ብወግዒ '''ዓረባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ግብጺ''' (ብዓረብኛ፦ {{lang|ar|جمهوريّة مصرالعربيّة}})፣ ስግረ-ኣህጉራዊት ልኡላዊት ሃገር እያ። መብዛሕትኡ ኣብ ጫፍ ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ [[ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃ|ኣፍሪቃ]] ክትርከብ እንከላ፣ ኣብ [[ኤስያ]] ድማ ኣብ [[ሓውሲ ደሴት ሲና]] ትርከብ። ብደቡብ ምስ [[ሱዳን]]፣ ብምዕራብ ምስ [[ሊብያ]]፣ ብሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ድማ ምስ ጋዛ ([[ፍልስጤም]])ን [[እስራኤል]]ን ትዳወብ። ብሰሜን ምስ [[ማእከላይ ባሕሪ]] ብደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ድማ ምስ [[ቀይሕ ባሕሪ]] ትዳወብ። ዳርጋ ፍርቂ ግብጻውያን ኣብ ከተማታት ይነብሩ፣ ብፍላይ ኣብተን ጽዑቕ ህዝቢ ዝነብረለን ማእከላት [[ካይሮ]]ን፣ ርእሰ ከተማኣ፣ [[እስክንድርያ]]ን ይነብሩ። [[መደብ:ግብጺ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ]] 6d4zxpnatjr813rsj8g2d1h204hpygx 0 6009 23700 2022-06-08T14:30:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ግብጺ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ግብጺ]] rm89ih8gcu8pgt4gqwfkni24g2zcdv3 0 6010 23701 2022-06-08T14:30:41Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ግብጺ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ግብጺ]] rm89ih8gcu8pgt4gqwfkni24g2zcdv3 0 6011 23709 23708 2022-06-21T08:05:07Z ዊኪፔዲያዳዊ 8404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኢትዮጵያውያን ኣውስትራሊያውያን''' (''Ethiopian Australians'') ኣብ [[ኣውስትራሊያ]] ዝነብሩ [[ኢትዮጵያውያን]] ወይ ድማ ኢትዮጵያዊ ቅርሲ ዘለዎም [[ኣውስትራሊያውያን]] እዮም። ኣስታት 18,600 ኣውስትራሊያውያን ቅርሲ ኢትዮጵያ ዘለዎም ኮይኖም 5,633 ድማ ኣብ [[ኢትዮጵያ]] ተወሊዶም። {{Stub}} [[Category:ኣውስትራሊያውያን]] [[Category:ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ዝርከቡ ኢትዮጵያውያን|ኣውስትራልያ]] 0awgndq2urm65rwhcbkdql95dunv9qb 0 6012 23712 2022-06-30T18:20:46Z 37.223.200.68 መበገሲ ሓበሬታ wikitext text/x-wiki ዓድዋ ኣብ ማእኸል ትግራይ እትርከብ ከተማ እያ። ካብ ዓድዋ ክሳብ ኣስመራ 120 ኪሎሜተር እዩ። ካብ ዓድዋ ክሳብ ኣክሱም 20 ኪሎሜተር እዩ። ዓድዋ ብኣኽራን ዝተኸበበት እያ። ገለ ካብቶም ኣኽራናት ሶሎዳ ተባሂሎም ይጽውዑ። jb91fsog1gkxv4owohtdmhkvl9skqrt 0 6013 24063 24062 2023-01-13T07:03:04Z Kwamikagami 3286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ባንዴራ]] ውድብ '''ሕቡራት ሃገራት''' ወይ '''ተባበሩት መንግስታት''' 193 ሃገራት ዝሓቖፈ ማሕበር እዩ። [[File:United Nations (Member States and Territories).svg|thumb|center|upright=2|ኣባል ሃገራት]] oki111ad7kvv4j394hr0usk8g04cpfw 0 6014 23717 2022-07-12T02:47:39Z Kwamikagami 3286 Kwamikagami moved page [[ተባበሩት መንግስታት]] to [[ሕቡራት ሃገራት]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሕቡራት ሃገራት]] 62wevawjsz8m1cf3urfljobmmrnoges 0 6015 24183 24181 2023-04-09T00:42:58Z 2405:4803:D1D4:C300:AC34:195B:6E95:9B18 wikitext text/x-wiki ሺንዞ ኣቢ ብ8 ሓምለ 2022 ኣብ [[ጃፓን]] እተፈጸመ ናይ ቅትለት ጕዳይ ኢዩ ነይሩ ።ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ጃፓን ነበር ሺንዞ ኣቢ ብሓደ ወዲ 41 ዓመት ሰብኣይ ተረሸነ። lmc90qa9oy2hwqbrs5vf0xju3zs67qy 14 6019 23803 23739 2022-08-06T16:21:47Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 commons wikitext text/x-wiki Wikimedia Commons has media related to [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Music ሙዚቃ]. k2l542el595ux371f0axjrpjqvctuzw 0 6020 24676 24055 2024-01-18T01:47:32Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:DW2018.jpg|thumb|200px|right|ዉዳርድ ኣብ 2018።]] '''ዴቪድ ዉዳርድ''' ({{IPA-en|David Woodard|ኣደማምጻ|Pronunciation of the English surname Woodard.ogg}}; 6 ኣፕሪል 1964 ኣብ ሳንታ ባርባራ ካሊፎርንያ ውሽጢ ዝተወለደ) [[ኣመሪካ|ኣመሪካዊ]] መሪሕነት ኦርኬስትራን ጸሓፊ ድሕረ ዘመናዊ ታሪኽን ኮይኑ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ፍሉጣት ባዕዳዊ ገዛእቲ ስድራቤታት ኣሜሪካ ዘርኢ ኣለዎ።<ref>ካርፔንተር ሱዛን፣ [https://latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-09-cl-60944-story.html "In Concert at a Killer's Death"]፣ ''ሎስ ኣንጀለስ ታይምስ''፡ 9 መይ 2001።</ref><ref>ጄኮብ ኤፕስታይን፣ [https://web.archive.org/web/20161009180132/https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Rebuilding-a-pure-Aryan-home-in-the-Paraguayan-2723542.php "Rebuilding a Home in the Jungle"]፣ ''ሳንፍራንሲስኮ ክሮኒክል''፡ 13 ማርች 2005።</ref> ዉዳርድ ኣብ [[ፓራጓይ]] ምስ ንማዕርነት መሰል ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ትቓለስን(ፌሚኒስት)/ኣብ ኣመጋግባ ተዋጽኦ ስጋን ጸባን ዘይኮኑ ምግብታት ትነጥፍን ኑዌቫ ጀርመንያ እትበሃል ግለ ሰብ ብዝሰርሖ ስራሕ እውን ይፍለጥ። ኣብታ ምስ [[ስዊዘርላንድ|ስዊዘርላንዳዊ]] ጸሓፊ ልብ-ወለድ ክርስቲያን ክራክት ብሓባር ብምኻን ብቋንቋ ጀርመን ዝተጻሕፈት ''Five Years'' ዘርእስታ መጽሓፉ፣ገለ ኣብቲ ቦታ ዝተሰርሐ ሰብኣዊ ስራሕ ትገልጽ።<ref>ክርስቲያን ክራክት & ዴቪድ ዉዳርድ [https://wehrhahn-verlag.de/public/index.php?ID_Section=3&ID_Product=577 ''Five Years''] (ሃኖቨር፡ ዌርሃን ቨርላግ፡ 2011)።</ref> ==መወከሲታት== <references /> ==መርበብ== * [[File:Commons-logo.svg|link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_Woodard?uselang=arz|18x18px]] ዊኪሚድያ ኮመንስ ምስ [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_Woodard '''ዴቪድ ዉዳርድ'''] ዝተኣሳሰሩ ሚድያታት ኣለዉዎ። * [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|link=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David_Woodard|18x18px]] [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David_Woodard '''ዴቪድ ዉዳርድ'''] ኣብ ዊኪኮትስ ([[ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ]]) * WorldCat: [https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2011174082/ 174755630] * GND: [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D1014196620 1014196620] * [[File:Echo global icon.svg|link=https://davidwoodard.com|14x14px]] [https://www.davidwoodard.com ወግዓዊት መርበብ ሓበሬታ] [[መደብ:ሙዚቃ]] 3vp2nfiz36uah55bhi65a39gzp8kl9o 0 6023 23854 2022-08-09T13:21:03Z የኑረነቢ ማህደር 8475 rd→ፈረንሳ wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ፈረንሳ]] 3w0plisk9lmvewdafmqshlpn511t3o6 0 6028 24613 24612 2023-12-01T21:37:12Z Amire80 1626 Amire80 moved page [[ዲኔፕሮፔትሮቭስክ]] to [[ዲኔፕሮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Collage of Dnipro city images.jpg|thumb]] '''ዲኔፕሮ''' ({{lang-uk|'''Дніпро'''}}) — በ[[ዩክሬን]] ውስጥ ከተማ. ከተማዋ በዲኔፐር ወንዝ ላይ ትገኛለች. ከ[[ኪየቭ]] ፣ ካርኮቭ እና ኦዴሳ በኋላ በዩክሬን ውስጥ አራተኛው የህዝብ ብዛት ያለው ከተማ። qtx9yg18kf47tlj0vb9lx1yki6d9mh2 0 6029 23952 23903 2022-09-30T12:41:45Z CommonsDelinker 65 Removing [[:c:File:Abraham_Afewerki_with_a_musical_instrument.jpg|Abraham_Afewerki_with_a_musical_instrument.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Elcobbola|Elcobbola]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]] ([[:c:COM:C wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ !ኣብራሃም ኣፈወርቂ |- | <sup><big>'''ድሕረ ባይታተወልደሉ ዓመተ ምህረት'''</big></sup> <sup>'''''<big>30 ጥሪ 1966</big>'''''</sup> <sup><big>'''ሃገር'''</big></sup> <sup>'''<big>ኤረትራ</big>'''</sup> <sup>'''<big>ከተማ</big>'''</sup> '''<big><sup>''ኣስመራ''</sup></big>''' <sup><big>'''ዝሞተሉ ዓመተ ምህረት'''</big></sup> <sup>'''<big>''7 ጥቕምቲ 2006 (ኣብ መበል 40 ዕድሚኡ)''</big>'''</sup> |- | |} '''ኣብርሃም ኣፈወርቂ (Abraham Afewerki)''' (30 ጥሪ 1966 - 7 ጥቅምቲ 2006) [[ኤርትራ|ኤርትራዊ]] ደራፋይ፡ ጸሓፊ፡ ኣፍራዪ ሙዚቃ እዩ ነይሩ። ብፍሉይ ኣብ [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]] መሰረት ዝገበረ ድርሰታቱን ግጥምታቱን ዝፍለጥ፡ ኣብ ሞንጎ ኤርትራውያን ሙዚቀኛታትን ኣዝዩ ፍሉጥ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ዓለም ሓደ ካብቶም ኣፍልጦ ዝረኸቡ ሰባት’ዩ ነይሩ። == '''ኣብ ንኡስ ዕድሚኡ''' == ኣብርሃም ኣፈወርቂ ኣብ 1966 ኣብ [[ኣስመራ]] [[ኤርትራ]] ተወሊዱ። ኣብ እዋን [[ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ|ኲናት ንናጽነት ኤርትራ]] ኣብርሃምን ስድርኡን ካብቲ ውግእ ሃዲሞም ኣብ [[ሱዳን]] ከም ስደተኛታት ይነብሩ ነበሩ። ካብ ንእስነቱ ኣትሒዙ ኣብ ሙዚቃ ተገዳስነት ስለ ዝነበሮ ፡ ፋምፉም ተመሃረ። ኣብርሃም ኣብ መበል 12 ዕድሚኡ ናብ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ ተጸንቢሩ'''ዓመተ ምህረት'''፣ ኣባል ናይ ሓደ ብህግደፍ ዝቆጻጸሮ ከባቢታት ዝዘውር ባህላዊ ጉጅለ ኮይኑ። ነቲ ኲናት ብዝምልከት ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱAbraham Afewerki ደርፍታትን ሙዚቃን ክጽሕፍ ጀሚሩ፡ ካብ 1979 ጀሚሩ ድማ ምርኢት የቕርቦ ነበረ። [1] ኣብርሃም ናብ ጣልያን ገዓዘ፡ ኣብኡ ድማ [[ክራር]] ምጽዋት ተማሂሩ፡ ኤርትራዊ ሃገራውነት ብዝብል ቴማ ደርፍታት ምጽሓፍ ቀጸለ። ድሕሪ ሓያሎ ዓመታት ናብ ኣመሪካ ብምኻድ ብኽብሪ ናይ ዩኒቨርስቲ ዲግሪ ኣጽንዐ። [1] == '''ሙዚቃዊ ሞያ''' == ኣብርሃም መጀመርያ ''ወጋሕታ'' ( ''Sunrise'' ) ትብል ኣብ 1991 ተዘርጊሓ ነይራ። ኣብተን ዝቐጸላ 15 ዓመታት፡ ኣብርሃም ክልተ ተወሳኺ ኣልበማት ብምዝርጋሕ ኣብ ኤርትራውያን ህቡብነቱ ዝያዳ ኣልዓሎ። ደርፍታቱ ህቡብ ነይሩ ምኽንያቱ ሕላዩ ሓያልን ግጥማዊን ምስሊ ባህሊ ኤርትራ ዘንጸባርቕ ስለዝነበረ። "ኣብዘለናሊና" (Wherever We Are) እትብል ደርፉ ኣብ ኤርትራን ዓለምን ኣዝያ ተፈታውነት ረኺባ፡ ማሕበራዊ ንቕሓት ዝመልኦ ቃላቱን ምልዕዓል ዝፈጥር ግጥምታቱን ብዛዕባ ጅግንነት ናይቲ ህዝቢ የዘንቱ ነይሩ። [1] ኣብታ ሰማይ ("Sky") እትብል ናይ መወዳእታ ዘርጊሑ፡ ኣብራሃም ምስ ሓያሎ ኤርትራውያን ሙዚቀኛታት ብምትሕብባር፡ ውጽኢቱ ኣዝዩ ጥዑም ድምጺ ነይርዎ። ኣብርሃም ሙዚቃኡ ምስ ጃዝ ፣ R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ሬጌ ህርመት ምውህሃድ ቀጸለ ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ እዋን ድማ መበቆላውነትን ሓቅነትን ሙዚቃኡ ዓቂቡ። ብፍላይ ሓንቲ ደርፊ ካብታ ኣልበም "ሰማይ ኢዩ ደረተይ" ("The Sky Is My Limit") እትብል ደርፊ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ ሓንቲ ካብተን ህቡባት ደርፍታት እያ። [2] == '''ሞት''' == ኣብርሃም ኣብ 2006 ኣብ ጥቓ [[ምጽዋዕ]] ኣብ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ንሓደ ዓርኩ ከድሕን ምስ ክብል ጥሒሉ ። ዓርኪ ኣብርሃም እግሩ ኣብ ትሕቲ ማይ ኣብ ሑጻ ተዋሒጡ እንዳጠሓለ፡ ኣብርሃም ከድሕኖ ክብል ጢሒሉ። ሙዚቃዊ ክሊፕ ንምፍራይ ናብ ኤርትራ ተመሊሱ ነይሩ። [2] ድሕሪ ሞቱ፡ ኣብርሃም ብብጾቱ ኤርትራውያን ስነ-ጥበባውያን ልዑል ኣኽብሮት ብዙሕ ሞሳን ሂቦሞ። እቲ ሙዚቃዊ ጽልዋኡ ናብ ኢትዮጵያ ’ ውን ተዘርጊሑ ’ ዩ ሙዚቃኡ ካብ መበቆለይና [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]] ወጻኢ ብኻልእ ቋንቋ ን ካልኦት ሙዚቀኛታት ተሓቲሙ እዩ። [2] == '''ኣልብማዊ ሕትመት''' == ኣብ ኤርትራ እዘን ዝስዕባ ኣልበማት ኣሕቲሙ፡ * 1991 ''፡ ወጋሕታ'' (Sunrise) * 1994 ''፡ ተስፋ`ዩ ስንቀይ'' (Hope is my kit) * 1998 ''፡ ምስጢር ፍቕሪ'' (Secret of Love) * 2000 ''፡ ሓደራ'' (Promise) * 2006 ''፡ ሰማይ'' (Sky) == '''መተሓሳሰቢ''' == == '''መወከሲታ''' == * ኣክየምፖንግ፡ ኣማኑኤል ክዋኩ፤ ጌትስ፡ ሄንሪ ሉዊስ (2012)። መዝገበ ቃላት ኣፍሪቃዊ ታሪኽ ህይወት። ቅጽ. 6. ኦክስፎርድ፡ ቤት ማሕተም ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኦክስፎርድ። <u><nowiki>ISBN 978-0-195382-075</nowiki></u> * Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis (2012). Dictionary of African Biography. Vol. 6. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-195382-075</nowiki>. == '''ደጋዊ ጥብቆ''' == * {{URL|www.facebook.com/pages/Abraham-Afeworki/58623331417}} [[መደብ:ተጻወቲ ክራር]] [[መደብ:ናይ መበል 21ን ክፈለ ዘመን ደረፍቲ ተባዕትዮ]] [[መደብ:ወዝባዊ ሓደጋ ኣብ ኤረትራ]] [[መደብ:ናይ ምጥሓል ሞታት]] [[መደብ:ናይ 20 ክፍለ ዘመን ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ደረፍቲ]] [[መደብ:ህዝቢ ኣስመራ]] [[መደብ:ናይ 2006 ሞታት]] [[መደብ:ወለዶ ናይ 1966]] ds3rvxw3qwhy4xafg7zay6vewojhfbd 0 6032 23942 2022-09-28T17:28:18Z Aarp65 3100 Redirected page to [[ብልዋም ተስፋይ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ብልዋም ተስፋይ]] d480ztgw68ipcclshnexg1l0qefcpfq 0 6033 23944 23943 2022-09-29T16:42:48Z 217.208.238.176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''== ወረዳ ሰንዓፈ ==''' === መስሓል ወደ’ከለ === እምባ-ብደሓን፡ ኮኾባይ፡ ሰርሓ፡ ማይ-ጻዕዳ፡ ጻዕዳ-ኮርሶ፡ መስሓል፡ ማይ-ኣጉለ፡ ጸጸን፡ ምራራ፡ ድብድብ፡ ዓዲ-ዕንቅርቲ፡ሑጓ-ወዲማንታ፡ ሳግላ፡ ጉልዒ፡ ዓዲኻ፡ ዓዲ-ሓዞ፡ ደማጺ፡ ዓዲ-ንግድዮ፡ ሮኾይቶ፡ መምብሮ፡ ገልጋሊት፡ በዓቲ-ጸላም፡ ክሳድ-ብሩኻ === ወደ’ከለ ኣኽራን === ገርገራ፡ ሓድሽ-ዓዲ፡ ዓዲመስገነ፡ ዳምባ-ሓይሽ፡ ዓዲ-ኹቱ፡ ቅንቶ፡ ዑና-ሸሓቕ፡ እንገበቶ፡ ክንን፡ መስሓል፡ ጸሊም ቀላይ፡ ዓዲሻሁ፡ ዒንጣ፡ ቆሎ-ብርዶ፡ ሰብዖ፡ ሓስሓስ === ዝባውንቲ === ኣሮሞ፡ ነድወ፡ ዓድ-ምባርኽ፡ ምግዳር-ደበና፡ ምሳርሓ፡ ዓዲቁሪ፡ ዝግፈት፡ ቀልቀል-መልዓሳ፡ ኣሕፍሲ፡ ሑጓእና === መነዅሰይቶ === ዓዲ-ሰራው፡ ዓዲ-ብጽዖ፡ ሳዕስዕ፡ ዓዲ-ብሎና፡ መነዅሰይቶ፡ ዀለት፡ ግርዓና === ዓዲ-ጉልቲ === ጉቦ፡ እምባ-ሕሰኣ፡ ቢሓት፡ እግሪ-ማንታ፡ ዓዲ-ዕንቅርቲ፡ ፍቕያ፡ ዓደጣል፡ ሕንጠጥፌ፡ በራቒት፡ ፍያሻ === እንዳ-ዳሽም === ዓደርሖ፡ ሓድሽ-ዓዲ፡ በረክንሃ፡ እምባቖም፡ እምባርሓጎዳ === ቤት-መጣዕ === ሃም፡ ጭዓናዱግ፡ ኣምበሰተ፡ ገለባ፡ ደብረሊባኖስ፡ ዓዲ-ጠላዕ፡ እግሪ-ኣቦው፡ ኣረገን፡ ፍሐ፡ ኣሕዝ፡ ዑና-ወለስቲ፡ ዓዲ-መረታ === ላዕላይ ኣጕሩፍ === ክሳድ-ኣጕሩፍ፡ ዘዀሎ፡ ጨዓ፡ ዓዲ-ባዕከር፡ ዝባን-ኣዋሊዕ፡ መጠራ፡ ጨፋ፡ መቓይሕ፡ ኣገርጽዮት፡ ሓድሽ-ዓዲ፡ መደረ፡ ሰሉስ === ታሕታይ ኣጕሩፍ === ክሳድ-እምባ፡ መገዲ-ዕርፊ፡ ዓቕብ-ጎርዞ፡ ግያስሕ፡ ዓደ'ባጊዕ፡ ዓዲ-ኣጣል፡ እምባለኻ፡ ጨጓሮ፡ ዓዲ-ሕሾ፡ ዓዲ-ዓባስ፡ ኣውላዕ ሓሓይለ፡ ሰንዓፈ === ዘርኢሞሲ === ዕቡኽ፡ ዓሶጹር፡ ክሸዓት፡ ደናጉል፡ ብርቀነነ፡ ዓዲ-ኣሮና፡ ሓመስ፡ ካሪቦሳ፡ ዓዲ-ሃንስ፡ ማይሩባ፡ ነጠባ፡ ቀርኒ-ማጨው፡ ጉርጉር፡ ማይ-ኣብዓ፡ ማይ-ጕንዲ፡ ዓዲ-ሰጣሕ ===== <ref> ምንጪን መወከሲን፡ 1992-93 ኣብ ረፈረንዱም መወከሲት ዝነበረት ጥራዝ </ref> ===== 10edqcklgaiw63egc9m2wna8lufhe1h 0 6037 23972 23969 2022-10-09T19:29:17Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ውድብ |ስም = ማክዶናልድስ |መበቆላዊ_ስም = ማክዶናልድስ ኮርፖሬሽን (McDonald's Corporation) |ኣርማ = McDonald's Golden Arches.svg |መጠን_ኣርማ = 116px |ዓይነት = [[ህዝባዊ ኩባንያ]] |ኢንዱስትሪ = [[ቅልጡፍ መግቢ]] |መሰረት = {{ዕለት|15|5|1940|ዕድመ}} ኣብ [[ሳን በርናርዲኖ (ካሊፎርንያ)|ሳን በርናርዲኖ]]፣ [[ካሊፎርንያ]]።<br />ማክዶናልድስ ኮርፖሬሽን፣ 1955 ኣብ [[ደስ ፕሌይንስ]]፣ [[ኢሊኖይ]]። |መስራቲ = *[[ሪቻርድን ሞሪስ ማክዶናልድን]] |ዋና_ቤት_ጽሕፈት = {{flagdeco|ኣመሪካ}} [[ቺካጎ]]፣ [[ኢሊኖይ]]፣ [[ኣመሪካ]] |ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ዋና ፈጻሚ ስራሕ]] |ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ክሪስ ኬምፕዚንስኪ]] |ቦታ_ስራሕ = [[ዓለም|ዓለምለኻዊ]] |ፍርያት = [[ሃምበርገር|ሃምበርገራት]]፣ [[ቅልዋ ድንሽ]]፣ [[ናጌት ደርሆ]] |እቶት = 23.223 ቢልዮን [[ዶላር ኣመሪካ]] |ሰራሕተኛታት = +420,000 <small>(2016)</small> |መርበብ_ሓበሬታ = [http://www.mcdonalds.com/ www.mcdonalds.com] }} '''ማክዶናልድስ''' (ብ[[እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ McDonald's)፣ ኣብ [[ቺካጎ]]፣ [[ኢሊኖይ]] ዋና ቤት ጽሕፈቱ ዘለዎ [[ኣመሪካ|ኣመሪካዊ]] [[ሰንሰለታዊ ድኳን|ሰንሰለት]] [[ቤት መግቢ|ኣብያተ መግቢ]] [[ቅልጡፍ መግቢ]] እዩ። ቀንዲ ፍርያቱ ድማ [[ሃምበርገር|ሃምበርገራት]]፣ [[ቅልዋ ድንሽ]]፣ ዝርዝር መግቢ [[ቁርሲ|ቁርስ]]ን [[ልስሉስ መስተ|ልስሉስ መስተታት]]ን እዮም። ኣብ መዓልቲ ንኣስታት 68 ሚልዮን [[ዓሚል|ዓማዊል]] የገልግል፣ ኣብ ልዕሊ 36 ሽሕ ትካላት ኣብ 118 ግዝኣታትን ሃገራትን ዓለም። 80mxnrrcz473cyt7m10hki0dewll3vf 0 6038 23970 2022-10-09T19:20:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ማክዶናልድስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ማክዶናልድስ]] 5tgywtsppvixc6jjylupfypu22x6wvc 0 6039 23971 2022-10-09T19:20:48Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ማክዶናልድስ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ማክዶናልድስ]] 5tgywtsppvixc6jjylupfypu22x6wvc 14 6040 23973 2022-10-10T14:55:06Z Aklilu mesfin mebrahtu 8552 changed all the content wikitext text/x-wiki ፊዚክስ ባህሪኣዊ ስነፍልጠት ኮይኑ ብዛዕባ ሕመረታት ነገራትን ምንቅስቃሳቶምን ጠባያቶምን ብሓገዝ ህዋን ግዘን ምሶኦም ብዝተኣሳሰር ኣካልን ሓይልን ዘጽንዕ ስነፍልጠት እዩ። ፊዚክስ ሓደ ካብቶም ቀንዲ መሰረታት ናይ ስነፍልጠት ስነስርዓት ኮይኑ ቀንዲ ዕላምኡ ኸኣ ጠባያት ዩኒቨርስ ምርዳእ እዩ። ናይ ዓውደ ፊዚክስ ክኢላ ኸኣ ፊዝስት ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ። ፊዚክስ ሓደ ካብቶም ጀመርቲ ኣካዳምያዊ ስነስርዓታት ኮይኑ ብሰንኪ ዘለዎ ምትእስሳር ምስ ስነከዋኽብቲ ወይ ኣስትሮኖሚ ዕድሚኡ ክሳብ ልዕሊ ክልተ ሽሕ ወይ ክልተ ሚለንያ ዕድመ ከም ዘለዎ ይግመት፣ፊዚክስ፣ስነቐመም ወይ ከምስትሪ፣ስነሂወት ወይ ባዮሎጂ ገለ ጨንፈራት ቁጽሪን ኣካላት ናይ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ፍልስፍናን ወይ ውን ናቹራል ፊሎዞፊ እዮም ኔሮም። እንተ ኾነ ግን ኣብ ዓሰርተዉ ሸዉዓተ ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ ግዜ ዑደት ስነፍልጠት ወይ ውን ሳይንትፊክ ሬቮልሸን ተባሂሉ ኣብ ዝግለጽ ግዜ እዞም ተፈጥረኣዊ ፍልስፍናታት ብ ፍሉይ መጽናዕቲ ክርኣዩ ጀሚሮም ፊዚክስ ከኣ ምስ ካልኦት ኢንተርድስፕልነሪ ማለት ክልተ ወይ ካብ ክልተ ንላዕሊ  ኣካዳምያዊ ስነስርዓት ከም በዓል ባዮ ፊዚክስን ፣ካንቶም ስነቐመምን ክትሓናፈጽ ጀሚሩ ። መወዳእታ ፊዚክስ ክግለጽ ዝከኣል ኣይኮነን መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ሓደስቲ ናይ ፊዚክስ ሓሳባት ብዛዕባ መሰረት ኣሰራርሐኦም መጽናዕተኦም ብ ኻልእ ስነፍልጠት ይግለጽን ካልኦት ኣካዳምያዊያን ስነስርዓታት ከም በዓል ስነ ቁጽርን ስነ ፍልስፍናን ኣማራጺ የቕርብ     ስጉሚ ኣብ ፊዚክስ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ዕድላት ናይ ምዕባለ ይኸፍት ገለ ኣብነት ረብሓታት ኣብ ምርዳእ ኤለክትሮ ማግነት ዝም፣ሶሊድ ስተይት ፊዚክስ፣ኑክለር ፊዝክስን ቐጥታዊ ዉጽኢት  ኣብ ምዕባለን ዓርሞሸሻዊ ሓደስቲ ዉጽኢታት ለውጢ ኣብ ዘመናን ከም ኣብነት ተለቭጅን፣ኮምፒተር፣ኤለትሮኒካዊ ኣቑሑት ገዛ፣ኑክላይር ኣጽዋርን ኣምጺኡ ስጉሚ ኣብ ተርሞዳይናሚክስ ምዕባለ ኣብ ኢንዳስትራላይዘሽን ኣምጺኡ ስጉሚ ኣብ መካኒክስ ከኣ ሞራል ኣብ ምዕባለ ናይ ካልኩለስ ኣምጺኡ። j9f5brmhg0cve27npo2f1z5nw99hhjn 8 6042 23980 2022-10-26T13:17:11Z MediaWiki default 71 Migrate wikitext mentor list to a structured form ([[:phab:T264343]]) json application/json { "Mentors": [] } dn46w1g5znu799elq35nkxlad6w2krp 0 6043 23985 2022-10-31T14:17:53Z 203.189.116.41 গূজুাকিাচুদিুা স্গজ্চহিুীদী শিুাদেুাদা শারৃতঁজংলুডানং wikitext text/x-wiki ሂድገሰዊጂከ ሚዱቁጀድዛ በሳዋጦኾኑ ቪፊክሬሦ ፍሎበአእቁ aj42bneqnsqbr6osqahdecupr5lvycy 10 6046 24018 24017 2022-11-29T21:50:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:Infobox/imagelimit.css]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) sanitized-css text/css /** * csslint important:false, overqualified-elements:false */ .infobox .image { max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; } .infobox .image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } /* timeless override */ body.skin-timeless .infobox .image a.image > img { max-width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; } l6p54hwekss2uwywwg0tch9te9ffqfa 0 6047 24021 2022-11-29T23:26:28Z Joanmp14 5782 new article wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ውድብ | ስም = ዩቱብ | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ዩቱብ ው.ሓ.ኩ. (YouTube, LLC) | ኣርማ = YouTube Logo 2017.svg | ዓይነት = [[መድረኽ ቪድዮ ኣብ መስመር]] | ኢንዱስትሪ = [[ኢንተርነት]] | መሰረት = {{ዕለት|14|2|2005|ዕድመ}} | ዋና_ቤት_ጽሕፈት = {{flagdeco|ኣመሪካ}} [[ሳን ብሩኖ (ካሊፎርንያ)|ሳን ብሩኖ]]፣ [[ካሊፎርንያ]]፣ [[ኣመሪካ]] | ቁልፊ_ሰባት = [[ሱዛን ዎጂጽኪ]] ([[ዋና ፈጻሚ ስራሕ]]) | ፍርያት = [[ዩቱብ ፕሪምየም]]<br>[[ዩቱብ ምዩዚክ]]<br>[[ዩቱብ ኪድስ]]<br>[[ዩቱብ ቲቪ]]<br>[[ዩቱብ ጌሚንግ]]<br>[[ዩቱብ ሾርትስ]] | ሰራሕተኛታት = 3,000 (2021) | ተጠቀምቲ = 4.59 ቢልዮን ንጡፋት | ቋንቋ = 80 | መርበብ_ሓበሬታ = {{URL|youtube.com}} | ምዝገባ = ኣማራጽያዊ | ወናኒ = [[ኣልፋበት (ዋኒን)|ኣልፋበት]] }} '''ዩቱብ''' (ብ[[እንግሊዝኛ]]፦ YouTube)፣ [[ኣመሪካ|ኣመሪካዊ]] መበቆል ዘለዎ [[ቪድዮ|ቪድዮታት]] ንምክፋል ዝዓለመ [[መርበብ ሓበሬታ]] እዩ። ዝተፈላለዩ ናይ [[ፊልም]] ክሊፓት፣ [[መደብ ተለቪዥን|መደባት ተለቪዥን]]ን [[ቪድዮ ሙዚቃ|ቪድዮታት ሙዚቃ]]ን ዝሓዘ እዩ። ነዚ መድረኽ ትሕዝቶ ዝፈጥሩ ሰባት ብሓፈሻ ''[[ዩቱበር|ዩቱበርስ]]'' ተባሂሎም ዝፍለጡ እዮም። ኣብ ለካቲት 2005 ብሰለስተ ሰራሕተኛታት [[ፐይፓል]] ነበር ዝተፈጥረ ኮይኑ፣ ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2006 ብ[[ጉግል]] ብ1.65 ቢልዮን ዶላር ተዓዲጉ፣ ሕጂ ድማ ከም ሓደ ካብ ትሕተ-ቅርጺ ትካላቱ ኮይኑ ይሰርሕ ኣሎ። ኣብ ኢንተርነት ብዓይነቱ ዝበዝሐ ዝጥቀመሉ መርበብ ሓበሬታ እዩ። 894a9dt0utfpqrcf9i07k7r5kj422xo 0 6048 24022 2022-11-29T23:26:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዩቱብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩቱብ]] rzfxi7c7vscy936rjqg3e3vpg1pcl0p 0 6049 24023 2022-11-29T23:27:21Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዩቱብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩቱብ]] rzfxi7c7vscy936rjqg3e3vpg1pcl0p 0 6050 24024 2022-11-29T23:29:37Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዩቱብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዩቱብ]] rzfxi7c7vscy936rjqg3e3vpg1pcl0p 0 6053 24045 2022-12-27T16:42:39Z Afaan oromoo guddisii 8764 Created by translating the page "[[:om:Special:Redirect/revision/38443|Televijiinii]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Samsung_LE26R41BD_and_Yamada_DVD_player_20030624.jpg|right|thumb|320x320px| ቴሌቪዥን (ሳንዱቕ ሱርሳጋ)]] '''ቴሌቪዥን''' ካብ መተሓላለፊ ስእልን ድምጽን ምልክታት ዝቕበል ዓይነት ርክብ እዩ። እቲ "ቴሌ-" ዝብል ክፋል ብግሪኽ "ርሑቕ" ማለት ኮይኑ "-ራእይ" ድማ ካብ ሮማዊ ''ቪዥዮ'' /ቪዥዮ/ "ምርኣይ" ("ምርኣይ") ዝመጸ እዩ። ብሓፈሻ '''ተለቪዥን''' ካብ ሓደ ቦታ ናብ ካልእ ቦታ ዝንቀሳቐስ ምስልታት (መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ድምጺ) ንምትሕልላፍ ዝጥቀመሉ ናይ [[መልዕክት ማስራጫ|ርክብ]] መሳርሒ እዩ። እዚ እንተኾይኑ ሽዑ እቲ zeedaa '''ተለቪዥን''' ንኽልቲኡ ነቲ ምቕራጽ ምስልን ነቲ ምስል ተቐባሊን የጠቓልል፣ ንቡር ግን ነቲ ምስሊ ተቐባሊ ጥራይ ኢና ንጽውዖ። b75qkq0uo3feg5s8wjygba2dllnipc3 0 6054 24046 2022-12-27T16:43:02Z Afaan oromoo guddisii 8764 Created by translating the page "[[:om:Special:Redirect/revision/38443|Televijiinii]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Samsung_LE26R41BD_and_Yamada_DVD_player_20030624.jpg|right|thumb|320x320px| ቴሌቪዥን (ሳንዱቕ ሱርሳጋ)]] '''ቴሌቪዥን''' ካብ መተሓላለፊ ስእልን ድምጽን ምልክታት ዝቕበል ዓይነት ርክብ እዩ። እቲ "ቴሌ-" ዝብል ክፋል ብግሪኽ "ርሑቕ" ማለት ኮይኑ "-ራእይ" ድማ ካብ ሮማዊ ''ቪዥዮ'' /ቪዥዮ/ "ምርኣይ" ("ምርኣይ") ዝመጸ እዩ። ብሓፈሻ '''ተለቪዥን''' ካብ ሓደ ቦታ ናብ ካልእ ቦታ ዝንቀሳቐስ ምስልታት (መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ድምጺ) ንምትሕልላፍ ዝጥቀመሉ ናይ [[መልዕክት ማስራጫ|ርክብ]] መሳርሒ እዩ። እዚ እንተኾይኑ ሽዑ እቲ zeedaa '''ተለቪዥን''' ንኽልቲኡ ነቲ ምቕራጽ ምስልን ነቲ ምስል ተቐባሊን የጠቓልል፣ ንቡር ግን ነቲ ምስሊ ተቐባሊ ጥራይ ኢና ንጽውዖ። b75qkq0uo3feg5s8wjygba2dllnipc3 0 6055 24075 2023-01-15T07:10:25Z Afaan oromoo guddisii 8764 Created by translating the page "[[:so:Special:Redirect/revision/246507|Kalandarka Oromo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣቆጻጽራ ኦሮሞ''' ህዝቢ ኦሮሞ መዓልታትን ኣዋርሕን ዓመታትን ዝቖጽረሉ ኣገባብ እዩ። እዚ ኣቆጻጽራ 300 ዓመት ዝገበረ እዩ። ብመሰረት እዚ ኣቆጻጽራ ኣብ ሓደ ወርሒ 29.5 መዓልታት፡ ኣብ ዓመት ዓሰርተው ክልተ ኣዋርሕ፡ ኣብ ዓመት ድማ 354 መዓልታት ኣለዋ። ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ሰሙናት የብሎምን ኣብ ወርሒ ኩለን መዓልታት ድማ ኣስማት ኣለወን። ኣቆጻጽራ ኦሮሞ ኣብ ወርሕን ከዋኽብትን ዝተመርኮሰ እዩ። == ታሪኽ == ኦሮሞ ኣብ ከባቢ 300 ቅ.ል.ክ. ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ኬንያ ኣብ ዝርከብ ናሞራቱንጋ ኣርኪዮ-ስትሮኖሚያዊ ቦታ፡ ምዕራባውያን ቦራና ዝጥቀሙሉ ዝነበሩ ኰዀባት ኣንፈት ዝሕብር ዓንዲ እምኒ ተረኺቡ። ዳግማዊ ናሞራቱንጋ ኣብ ኣቆጻጽራ ኦሮሞ ዝጥቀሙሉ ሸውዓተ ኮኾባት ኣንፈት ገጾም ዝጥምቱ 19 ዓምድታት ባዛልት ኣለዎ። እቶም ከዋኽብቲ ትሪኣንጉሉም (ብኣፋን ኦሮሞ: ሚሚ)፣ ፕለያደስ (ብኣፋን ኦሮሞ: ቡሶን)፣ ቤላትሪክስ (ብኣፋን ኦሮሞ: ኣልጋጂማ)፣ ኣልደባራን (ባከልቸ)፣ ማእከላይ ኦርዮን (ብኣፋን ኦሮሞ: ኣርበ ጋዱ)፣ ሳይፍ (ብዓፋን) እዮም። ኦሮሞ፡ ኡርጂ ወላ) ከምኡ’ውን ስርየስ (ባስ)። ኣቆጻጽራ ኦሮሞ ነዚ ንምምሃዝ እዚ ተመራማሪ ከዋኽብቲ ከምዝተጠቕመሉ ይእመን። guhjziuu3a6ooey653nf4l7x1y482ku 0 6056 24083 2023-01-18T19:18:18Z KittenBroEeev 8815 ገጽ ምስ «[[ፋይል:Flag of Belgorod.svg|thumb|ባንዴራ ቤልጎሮድ]] ባንዴራ ቤልጎሮድ ሓንቲ ካብተን ወግዓውያን ምልክታት (ምስ ኣርማ) ከተማ ቤልጎሮድ፡ ዞባ ቤልጎሮድ፡ ፈደረሽን ሩስያ እያ። ባንዴራ ምልክት ሓድነትን ምትእስሳርን ነበርቲ እታ ከተማ እያ። እዛ ሕጂ ዘላ ባንዴራ ብውሳነ ቤት ምኽሪ ምክትላት ከተማ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Flag of Belgorod.svg|thumb|ባንዴራ ቤልጎሮድ]] ባንዴራ ቤልጎሮድ ሓንቲ ካብተን ወግዓውያን ምልክታት (ምስ ኣርማ) ከተማ ቤልጎሮድ፡ ዞባ ቤልጎሮድ፡ ፈደረሽን ሩስያ እያ። ባንዴራ ምልክት ሓድነትን ምትእስሳርን ነበርቲ እታ ከተማ እያ። እዛ ሕጂ ዘላ ባንዴራ ብውሳነ ቤት ምኽሪ ምክትላት ከተማ ቤልጎሮድ ቁጽሪ 321 ብ22 ሓምለ 1999 ተጸዲቓ ኣብ 2002 ኣብ መዝገብ ስቴት ሄራልዲክ ፈደረሽን ሩስያ ብቁጽሪ ምዝገባ 978 ኣትያ።<ref name="ф321">Решение Белгородского городского Совета депутатов от 22.07.1999 № 321 [http://www.guest-belgorod.ru/index.php?ds=6644 «О внесении изменений в решение городского Совета депутатов от 18 июня 1999 года № 279 „Об утверждении Положения о флаге города Белгорода“»] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guest-belgorod.ru/index.php?ds=6644 |date=20190214002605 }}</ref>. == መግለጺ == ባንዴራ ከተማ ቤልጎሮድ (ሰማያዊ ሸራ ኣብ ታሕቲ ጻዕዳ መስመር ዘለዎ) ብጫ ኣንበሳ ኣብ ድሕሪት እግሩ ደው ኢሉ ኣብ ልዕሊኡ ጻዕዳ ንስሪ ይንሳፈፍ። ምልክታት እታ ከተማ ልዕሊ 300 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኦም ኮይኖም ኣብ ዘመነ ንግስነት ጴጥሮስ ቀዳማይ ዝተራእዩ እዮም።ዛር ሩስያ ንኽብሪ ኣብ ውግእ ፖልታቫ (1709) ኣብ ልዕሊ ሽወደናውያን ዝረኸቦ ዓወት ንህዝቢ ቤልጎሮድ ኣርማ ኣበርኪቱ። ብ1712 እቲ ምልክት ዕጥቂ ኣብ ሰንደቕ ዕላማ ናይቲ ንጸላኢ ዝሰዓረ ረጅመንት ቤልጎሮድ ተሳኢሉ፡ ብ1727 ድማ ምልክት ናይታ ሓዳስ ዝተመስረተት ኣውራጃ ኰነት።<ref>https://militaryarms.ru/simvolika/goroda/flag-belgoroda/</ref>. == መላግቦታት == tw90b13qnh55xn4muob2undvt0n1gmi 0 6058 24088 2023-01-19T14:37:11Z Sakura emad 7824 New Page wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Colombia-Bogotá-Cities.png|thumb]] '''ቦጎታ''' ርእሰ ከተማ ኮሎምብያ እያ። ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ኮሎምብያ ዝዓበየት ከተማ እያ። t9rmt78g3aps0t6cmsaraknxyrwf7dl 10 6059 24092 2023-01-21T14:37:07Z Sakura emad 7824 adopting a template wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{demo|}}} |{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{{demo}}} |no |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}} }} |{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}} |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}} }}}} dsq6zcymkdojjsuq2l6zlzocr712jym 0 6060 24094 2023-01-28T18:02:50Z Sakura emad 7824 new wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Location San Marino Europe.png|thumb|ኣቀማምጣ ሳን ማሪኖ]] '''ሳን ማሪዮ''' ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዋ ዝነኣሳ ሃገራት ሓንቲ እያ። ኣብ ኤውሮጳ ዝርከብን ብጣልያን ዝተኸበበን እዩ። [[መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ]] jz6ep2hqv7wpr7ru3g9r745kwj3v82f 0 6062 24099 2023-02-02T00:16:07Z Joanmp14 5782 new article wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ሃገር | ወግዓዊ_ስም = ሪፓብሊክ ኩባ <br/>{{small|''{{lang|es|República de Cuba}}''}} | ሕብረት = [[ላቲን ኣመሪካዊ ባይቶ|ኣባል ሃገር]] | ልዕለሕብረት = [[ላቲን ኣመሪካዊ ባይቶ]] | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Cuba.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Coat of arms of Cuba.svg | ሃገራዊ_ጭርሖ = ''¡Patria o Muerte, Venceremos!''<br />(''«ዓዲ ወይ ሞት፣ ክንስዕር ኢና!»'') | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = ''La Bayamesa''<br> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = Cuba National Anthem Instrumental.ogg | ምስሊ_ካርታ = CUB orthographic.svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = [[ሃቫና]] [[ፋይል:Coat of arms of La Habana.svg|right|20px]] | ርእሰ_ከተማ_መስተማእዛኒታት = 23_08_N_82_22_W_ 23°08′ N 82°22′ W | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ስጳንኛ|ስጳንኛ]] | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = [[ሓደ ሰልፊ ዘለዋ ሃገር|ሓደ ሰልፊ ዘለዋ]] [[ኣሃዳዊት ሃገር|ኣሃዳዊት]] [[ማሕበርነታዊት ሃገር|ማሕበርነታዊት ሪፓብሊክ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = [[ፕረዚደንት ኩባ|ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ1 = [[ሚገል ዲያዝ-ካነል]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ2 = [[ምክትል ፕረዚደንት ኩባ|ምክትል ፕረዚደንት]] | ስም_መራሒ2 = [[ሳልቫዶር ቫልደስ ሜሳ]] | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ3 = [[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ኩባ|ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]] | ስም_መራሒ3 = [[ማንዌል ማሬሮ ክሩዝ]] | መሰረት = [[ናጽነት]] | ምዕራፋት_መሰረት = &nbsp;• ካብ [[ስጳኛ]]<br />&nbsp;• ካብ [[ሕቡራት መንግስታት]] | ዕለታት_መሰረት = <br />10 ጥቅምቲ 1868<br />20 ግንቦት 1902 | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ኩባዊ/ -ት | ስፍሓት = 109,884 | ሚእታዊት_ማይ = 0 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 11,008,112 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2022 | ባጤራ = [[ኩባዊ ፔሶ]] | ባጤራ_ኣይሶ = CUP | ዞባ_ግዜ = UTC -5 | ዓውዲ_ኢንተርነት = .cu | ስልካዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +53 | ኮድ_ኣይሶ = 192 / CUB / CU | ኣባል_ናይ = [[ላቲን ኣመሪካዊ ባይቶ|ላ.ኣ.ባ.]]፣ [[ፔትሮካሪበ]]፣ [[ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት|ው.ሕ.ሃ.]]፣ [[ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም|ው.ን.ዓ.]]፣ [[ማሕበረ-ሰብ ሃገራት ላቲን ኣመሪካን ካሪብያንን|ማ.ሃ.ላ.ኣ.ካ.]] }} '''ኩባ''' ({{lang-es|Cuba}}፣ ብወግዒ '''ሪፓብሊክ ኩባ''' ({{lang-es|República de Cuba}}፣ [[ልኡላዊት ሃገር|ልኡላዊት]] [[ደሴት|ደሴታዊት]] ሃገር ኮይና፣ ኣብ [[ኣንቲለስ]] [[ባሕሪ ካሪብያን]] ሰፊራ። [[መደብ:ኩባ]] [[መደብ:ሃገራት ባሕሪ ካሪብያን]] hiaq1w41i7fe8mm8k1pn4q9hu0zdpms 0 6063 24100 2023-02-02T00:17:50Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኩባ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኩባ]] mofdugm5q9jsvwbbr05dkcfywf8kdx1 0 6064 24101 2023-02-02T00:18:25Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኩባ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኩባ]] mofdugm5q9jsvwbbr05dkcfywf8kdx1 0 6065 24102 2023-02-02T00:18:47Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኩባ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኩባ]] mofdugm5q9jsvwbbr05dkcfywf8kdx1 0 6067 24115 2023-03-03T22:12:22Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1142564784|Robel Teklemichael]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሮቤል ተኽለሚካኤል ባህታ''' (ተወሊዱ 11 ሓምለ 2000) ኤርትራዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ ኣብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ክለብ ኢትዮጵያ ቡና ከም ተኸላኻላይ ዝጻወትን ሓለቓ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኤርትራን እዩ። 6r831nkefgh6joytzcesg8lfm82n0w8 0 6068 24116 2023-03-04T16:16:00Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1141593682|Saint George S.C.]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ክለብ ስፖርት ቅዱስ ጊዮርጊስ''' ([[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : ቅዱስ ጊዮርጊስ ስፖርት ክለብ) '''''፣''''' ብኻልእ ኣጸዋውዓ '''ኪዱስ ጊዮርጊስ''' ፣ ኣብ [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] ፣ ኢትዮጵያ ዝመደበራ ፕሮፌሽናል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለብ እያ። ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ዲቪዥን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ይጻወታ። ኣብ 1935 ዝተመስረተት እዛ ክለብ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ናይ መጀመርታ ኮይና ምልክት ሃገራውነት ኢትዮጵያን ተቓውሞን ኣንጻር ጎበጥቲ ሓይልታት ፋሽሽታዊ ጣልያን ኮይና ተመስሪታ ። gd67mjxvbbadgc64lg1lbp0j3lv501g 0 6069 24121 24120 2023-03-04T19:10:55Z Osps7 8807 /* እቲ ዕለት */ wikitext text/x-wiki ዓረብኛ ዊኪፒዲያ ናይ ዓረብኛ ስሪት ናይ ዊኪፒዲያ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ እዩ። ብ9 ሓምለ 2003 ዝተጀመረ ኮይኑ፡ ብ4 መጋቢት 2023 ዓ.ም. ዓረብኛ ዊኪፒዲያ ብመሰረት ብዝሒ ጽሑፋት ብዓበይቲ ዊኪፒዲያታት መበል 16 ደረጃ፡ ብዕምቆት ድማ ኣብ መበል 8ይ ደረጃ ብምሓዝ፡ ኣብ ዊኪፒዲያታት ሩስያ፡ ጣልያን፡ ጀርመን፡ ስጳኛን ካልኦትን ብሚእታዊት ዕምቆት በሊጻ፡ ተቐቢላ 1.2% ካብ መጠን በጻሕቲ ዊኪፒዲያ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም። ይኹን እምበር፡ ብመልክዕ ጥራዛት ወይ ዲቪዲ (ከም ኢንሳይክሎፒድያ ብሪታኒካ ብእንግሊዝኛ)፡ ብዓለምለኻዊ ደረጃ ብዝተዘርግሑ ኩለመዳያውን ዘመናውን ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያታት (ከም ኢንሳይክሎፔድያ ብሪታኒካ ብእንግሊዝኛ)፡ ሳይክሎፔድያዊ ትውፊት ስለዘሎ፡ ነቲ ዓረብኛ ዝዛረብ ተጠቃሚ ባዶነት ይመልኦ። ዊኪፒዲያ ዓረብ ነዚ ተራ ዝጻወት ድማ ብሰንኪ ዝርግሐ ጽሬት ዘለዎም ፕሮጀክትታት ዓረብ ሳይክሎፔዲክ ኣብ (ከም ዓረብኛ ኢንሳይክሎፔድያን ኣህጉራዊ ዓረብ ኢንሳይክሎፔድያን)፣ ከምኡ’ውን ህላወ ዊኪፒዲያ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ውጽኢት ሞተር ምድላይ። ==እቲ ዕለት== ኣብ መጀመርታ ዊኪፒዲያ ኣብ 2001፡ ብዓረብ መሃንድሳት ዝምወል ንዊኪፒዲያ ዝኸውን ዓረብኛ ዶመይን ክፈጥር ጻውዒታት ነይሩ። እቲ ዓውዲ ኣብ ትሕቲ "ar.wikipedia.org" ዝብል ኣድራሻ ዝተገብረ ኮይኑ፡ እንተኾነ ግን በቲ ሓሳብ ዝፍትኑ ዝነበሩ ስሞም ዘይተገልጸ ተጠቀምቲ ጥራይ እዩ ከቢድ ፈተነታት ነይሩ። ኣብቲ እዋን እቲ ኣብ ዓረብኛ ዊኪፒዲያ ብኣማኢት ኣሽሓት ዝቑጸሩ ጽሑፋት ነይሮም። ድሕሪኡ፡ ፋውንዴሽን ዊኪሚድያን ንመኽሰብ ዘይሰርሕ ጉጅለ ታግሪዳትን፡ ተጠቀምቲ ንዓረብኛ ዊኪፒዲያ ንምእራም ንምስልጣን ዝዓለመ ፕሮግራም ንኣዳለውቲ ዓረብኛ ዊኪፒዲያ ኣጣይሾም። ኣብ መወዳእታ ሰነ 2014፡ ቁጽሪ ጽሑፋት 284,000 በጺሑ ነይሩ። 4r0g04we786zk802h7l9arp7iowfoig 0 6070 24138 24137 2023-03-04T19:19:24Z Osps7 8807 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Flag of Palestine.svg|thumb]] ካብ ባሕሪ ሜዲተራንያን ብደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ክሳብ ጎልጎል ዮርዳኖስ ዝርከብ ጂኦግራፍያዊ ከባቢ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ገለ ትርጉማት ድማ ካብ ሩባ ዮርዳኖስ ንምብራቕ ዝርከቡ ከባቢታት ዘጠቓልል ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ምዕራብ ኤስያ ዝርከብን ብኣቀማምጣኡን ሓውሲ ደሴት ሲናይን ምስ ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃ ዝራኸብን እዩ። ኣብቲ ምስ ግብጺ ዝተኣሳሰር ደቡባዊ ምዕራባዊ ክፋል ሌቫንት ዝፈጥር ክልቲአን ኣህጉራት ዝራኸበሉ ቦታ፤ ኣብ ታሪኽ ሃይማኖታት ካብ ዝነበሮ ማእከልነት ሓሊፉ መሳገሪን መጋጠሚ ባህልታትን ንግድን ፖለቲካን እዩ ነይሩ፣ ስለዚ ድማ ብዙሓት ከተማታታ ታሪኻዊ ወይ ሃይማኖታዊ ኣገዳስነት ኣለወን፣ ብፍላይ ድማ ኢየሩሳሌም<ref>Crouch, C. L. (1 October 2014). Israel and the Assyrians: Deuteronomy, the Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon, and the Nature of Subversion. SBL Press. ISBN 978-1-62837-026-3. Judah's reason(s) for submitting to Assyrian hegemony, at least superficially, require explanation, while at the same time indications of its read-but-disguised resistance to Assyria must be uncovered... The political and military sprawl of the Assyrian empire during the late Iron Age in the southern Levant, especially toward its outer borders, is not quite akin to the single dominating hegemony envisioned by most discussions of hegemony and subversion. In the case of Judah it should be reiterated that Judah was always a vassal state, semi-autonomous and on the periphery of the imperial system, it was never a fully-integrated provincial territory. The implications of this distinction for Judah's relationship with and experience of the Assyrian empire should not be underestimated; studies of the expression of Assyria's cultural and political powers in its provincial territories and vassal states have revealed notable differences in the degree of active involvement in different types of territories. Indeed, the mechanics of the Assyrian empire were hardly designed for direct control over all its vassals' internal activities, provided that a vassal produced the requisite tribute and did not provoke trouble among its neighbors, the level of direct involvement from Assyria remained relatively low. For the entirety of its experience of the Assyrian empire, Judah functioned as a vassal state, rather than a province under direct Assyrian rule, thereby preserving at least a certain degree of autonomy, especially in its internal affairs. Meanwhile, the general atmosphere of Pax Assyriaca in the southern Levant minimized the necessity of (and opportunities for) external conflict. That Assyrians, at least in small numbers, were present in Judah is likely – probably a qipu and his entourage who, if the recent excavators of Ramat Rahel are correct, perhaps resided just outside the capital – but there is far less evidence than is commonly assumed to suggest that these left a direct impression of Assyria on this small vassal state... The point here is that, despite the wider context of Assyria's political and economic power in the ancient Near East in general and the southern Levant in particular, Judah remained a distinguishable and semi-independent southern Levantine state, part of but not subsumed by the Assyrian empire and, indeed, benefitting from it in significant ways. </ref>። ሎሚ ዶባት ናይቲ ታሪኻዊ ዞባ ኣብ ሓያሎ ዝተደራረቡ ፖለቲካዊ ኣካላት ዝተመርኮሰ ኮይኑ፡ ሃገረ እስራኤል (ኣብ ኲናት 1948 ድሕሪ ምምዝባል ኣማኢት ኣሽሓት ፍልስጤማውያን ካብ ዓዶም ዝተመስረተት)፡ ምዕራባዊ ገማግም ባሕርን ምድረበዳ ጋዛን፡ which Israel occupied in the 1967 war.እተን ዝተጎበጣ ግዝኣታት ብዘይካ’ቲ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ምድረበዳ ጋዛ ንሃገራዊ ፍልስጤም ምግዛእ፡ ካብ 1994 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ስምምዓት ኦስሎ ዝተመርኮሰ ሲቪላዊ ጉዳያት ህዝቢ ዘመሓድር ፍልስጤማዊ ርእሰ-ምምሕዳር በዓል መዚ ይመሓደራ ስልጣን ካብ እትወጽእ እስራኤል ካብ ምድረበዳ ጋዛ ኣብ 2005. ኣብ 2007 ምምቕቓል ፖለቲካዊ ስልጣን ኣብ ርእሰ-ምምሕዳር ከባቢታት ኣብ ምድረበዳ ጋዛ ስልጣን ፈጢሩ ካልእ ድማ ኣብ ከተማታት ምዕራባዊ ገማግም ስልጣን ፈጢሩ። ኣብ ውሽጢ እዞም ዶባት ዘሎ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ኣስታት 11,900,000 ሰባት ይግመት፣ ምኽንያቱ ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ዓቢ ክፋል ህዝቢ ታሪኻዊት ፍልስጤም ተዛረብቲ ዓረብኛ (ኣስላምን ክርስትያንን) ክኾኑ ከለዉ፣ እቲ ካልእ ክፋል ህዝባ ድማ ተዛረብቲ እብራይስጢ፣ ሰዓብቲ ሃይማኖት ኣይሁድ፣ ስደተኛታት እዮም። ከምኡ’ውን ደቂ ካልኦት ህዝብታት፣ ብሚእታዊቶም ድማ ሎሚ 49% ክኸውን ከሎ፣ ዓረብ ድማ 46% ይኸውን። ድሕሪ ቀዳማይ ኲናት ዓለምን ሳዕቤናቱን ካብ ውድቀት ግዝኣት ኦቶማን፡ ንፍልስጤምን ትራንስን ሓዊሱ ንኹላ ሌቫንት ዝቆጻጸር ዝነበረ፡ ውዕል ሰቭረስ፡ ዋዕላ ሳን ረሞ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ስምምዕ ሳይክስ-ፒኮ፡ ዶባት እንግሊዝ ማንዳት ኣብ ፍልስጤም ዝተሳእለ ኮይኑ፡ ዶባት ብነዊሕ ካብ ሰሜን ናብ ደቡብ ብኣስታት ኣርባዕተ ዲግሪ ስፍሓት ይዝርጋሕ።ኣብ መንጎ ላቲቱድ 29.30ን 33.15ን ሰሜንን ሎንጊቱድ 34.15ን 35.40ን ንምብራቕን ዝዝርጋሕ ኮይኑ፡ ስፍሓት 26.990 ኪ.ሜ2 ዘለዎ ኮይኑ፡ ቀላይ ኪነሬትን... ፍርቂ ምዉት ባሕሪ። ብምዕራብ ብባሕሪ ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ዝዳወብ ኮይኑ 224 ኪ.ሜ ዝንውሓቱ ገማግም ባሕሪ፣ ብምብራቕ ብሶርያን ዮርዳኖስን፣ ብሰሜን ምስ ሊባኖስ፣ ብደቡብ ድማ ብግብጽን ወሽመጥ ዓቃባን ይዳወብ። ፍልስጤም ቅርጻ ርብዒ ኩርናዕ ኮይኑ፡ ካብ ሰሜን ክሳብ ደቡብ ንውሓታ 430 ኪ.ሜ፡ ስፍሓታ ድማ ብሰሜን ካብ 51-70 ኪ.ሜ፡ ኣብ ማእከል ድማ ኣብ ኢየሩሳሌም ካብ 72-95 ኪ.ሜ ኣብ ራፋሕን ካን ዩኒስን ክሳብ ምዉት ባሕሪ 117 ኪ.ሜ. እቲ ዞባ ኣዝዩ ዝተፈላለየ መሬት ዘለዎ ኮይኑ፡ ብጂኦግራፊያዊ ኣቀማምጣ ድማ ኣብ ኣርባዕተ ዞባታት ዝተኸፋፈለ ኮይኑ፡ ካብ ምዕራብ ክሳብ ምብራቕ ካብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ቆላ፡ ጎቦታት፡ ኣኽራናት (ኣኽራን ገሊላ፡ ኣኽራናት ናብሉስ፡ ኣኽራናት የሩሳሌምን ኣኽራናት ኬብሮንን) ከምኡ’ውን ጎልጎል ዮርዳኖስ (ዮርዳኖስ እዩ። ሽንጥሮ). ኣብ ርሑቕ ደቡብ በረኻ ነገቭ ይርከብ። ኣብ መንጎ ኣኽራናት ናብሉስን ኣኽራናት ገሊላን ማርጅ ኢብን ዓመር ይርከብ።ካብ ኣኽራናት ናብሉስ ንሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ዝዝርጋሕ እምባ ቀርሜሎስ ነቲ ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ዝርከብ ቆላ ይሰግር። ቁመት ካብ 417 ሜትሮ ትሕቲ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ኣብ ምዉት ባሕሪ (ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝወሓደ ነጥቢ ኣብ መሬት) ክሳብ 1204 ሜትሮ ልዕሊ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ኣብ ጫፍ ጀበል ኣልጀርማቅ (እምባ ሜሮን ከምቲ ኣብ እስራኤል ዝጽዋዕ) ይርከብ። ብፖለቲካዊ መዳይ ፍልስጤም ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዋ ወጥሪ ዘለወን ዞባታት ጸጥታ ኮይና ብሰንኪ እቲ ብዙሓት ኣህጉራውያን ትካላት ተጣበቕቲ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት እስራኤል ኣብ ልዕሊ ሰላማውያን ፍልስጤማውያን ዝፍጸም ዘሎ ግህሰት ገይሮም ዝቖጽርዎ፡ ኣብ ርእሲ’ቲ ነቲ ኩነታት ዘጋድድ ስርሒታት ሰፈራ፡ ብዘይካ’ቲ ዓሌታዊ ኣተሓሕዛ፡ ከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ከምቲ ብዙሓት ዓሌታዊ ዝቖጽርዎ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ገማግም ባሕሪ ዝሃነጾ ናይ ምፍልላይ መንደቕ እስራኤል፡ እዚ ኩሉ ነገራት ሕማቕ ናይ ጸጥታ ሃዋህው ፈጢሩ። ሃገራዊ በዓል መዚ ፍልስጤም ኣብ 1993 ካብ ዝምስረት ኣትሒዙ፡ ፍልስጤም ዝብል ስም ኣብ ገለ ጽሑፋት ብዓለምለኻዊ ደረጃ ተጠቒሙ፡ ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ኣብ ትሕቲ ምሕደራ በዓል መዚ ፍልስጤም ንዝርከቡ ግዝኣታት ንምምልካት ይጥቀመሉ ነይሩ። እንተ እቲ ፍልስጤማዊ መዓርግ ግን ሎሚ ብፍላይ ድማ ካብ 1948 ጀሚሩ ኣብ መላእ እቲ ዞባ ንዝርከብ ህዝቢ ዓረብ (ህዝቢ ኣይሁድ ነዚ መዓርግ ንገዛእ ርእሶም ብምጥቃስ ከይጥቀሙሉ ክመርጹ እንከለዉ) የመልክት። ==እቲ ዕለት== ፍልስጤም ኣብ መንጎ ግብጺ፣ ሊባኖስ፣ ሶርያን ዮርዳኖስን ኣብ ስትራተጂካዊ ቦታ ትርከብ።ዓዲ መልእኽትታትን መደቀሲ ስልጣነታት ደቂ ሰባትን እያ።ዕስራን ሓደን ስልጣነታት ካብ ሻሙናይ ሽሕ ዓመት ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ብዕድመ ዝነውሐት ከተማኣ ኢያሪኮ ሓሊፎም። ዕሸል ሃይማኖታት ኣይሁድን ክርስትናን ኮይኑ፡ እዛ መሬት እዚኣ ኣብ ባህሊ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ንግድን ፖለቲካን ዝተሰረተ ነዊሕ ታሪኽ ኣለዋ። ኣብ ፍልስጤም ታሪኻዊ መርትዖታት ብዛዕባ ነዊሕን ዝተሓዋወሰን ታሪኽ እዛ መሬት ካብ ቅድመ ታሪኽ ጀሚሩ ይዛረብ። ነዛ ምድሪ እዚኣ ዝሰፈሩ ብዕድመ ዝደፍኡ ፍሉጣት ሰባት ከነኣናውያን እዮም። እቲ ዞባ ብብዙሓት ዝተፈላለዩ ህዝብታት ዝቆጻጸር ዝነበረ ኮይኑ፡ ጥንታውያን ግብጻውያን፡ ፍልስጥኤማውያን፡ እስራኤላውያን፡ ኣሶራውያን፡ ባቢሎናውያን፡ ፋርሳውያን፡ ግሪኻውያን፡ ሮማውያን፡ ቢዛንታይን፡ ዓረብ ካሊፋት፡ መስቀላውያን፡ ኣዩቢድ፡ ማምሉክ፡ ኦቶማን፡ እንግሊዝ ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ እስራኤል ድሕሪ 1948 ናክባ<ref>https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-51</ref>። ==ጂኦግራፊ== ፍልስጤም ኣብ ምዕራብ ኣህጉር ኤስያ ኣብ መንጎ ሎንጊቱድ 15-34ን 40-35ን ምብራቕ፡ ላቲቱድ 30-29ን 15-33ን ሰሜን ድማ ትርከብ። ደቡባዊ ምዕራብ ክፋል ናይ ሓደ ዓቢ ጂኦግራፍያዊ ኣሃዱ ኣብ ምብራቕ ዓረብ ዝቖመ ኮይኑ፡ ንሱ ድማ ሌቫንት ኮይኑ፡ እዚ ድማ - ብዘይካ ፍልስጤም - ሊባኖስ፡ ሶርያን ዮርዳኖስን ዘጠቓልል ኮይኑ፡ ድሕሪኡ ዶባታ ምስተን ሃገራት ተኻፊሉ፡ ኣብ ርእሲ እቲ ምስ ዘለዋ ዶባት ግብጺ። ከምኡ’ውን ፍልስጤም፡ ኣብ መንጎ ሃገራት ዓረብ ብዘለዋ ማእከላይ ኣቀማምጣ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ክልተ ኣኽናፋ ነቲ ኣብ ደቡብ ዘሎ መበቆላዊ ባህርያት በደዊን፡ ከምኡ’ውን ነቲ ጥንታዊ ቅዲ ሰፈራ ዘጠቓለለ ሰፊሕ ሜዳ መሬት፡ ምትሕውዋስ ባእታታት ተፈጥሮኣውን ሰብኣውን ጂኦግራፊ ትፈጥር ኣብ ሰሜን ዝርከብ። መሬት ፍልስጤም ዝፍለየሉ ምኽንያት፡ ኣካል ናይቲ መበቆላዊ ዓዲ ናይቲ ቀዳማይ ወዲ ሰብ፡ ትውልዲ ናይ ሓደ ኣምላኽ ዝኣምኑ ሃይማኖታት፡ ቦታ ምቕልቃል ጥንታውያን ስልጣነታት፡ መሳገሪ ንግዳዊ ምንቅስቓሳትን ወተሃደራዊ ወራራትን ኣብ ምሉእ ዝተፈላለየ ታሪኻዊ ምንባሩ እዩ። ዘመናት። ምስ ዓለም ብምትእስሳር ማእከላይ ኣቀማምጣኣ ኣብ መንጎ ኣህጉራት ጥንታዊት ዓለም፡ ኤስያ፡ ኣፍሪቃን ኤውሮጳን ዘራኽብ ረቛሒ ክትከውን ኣኽኢልዋ።ኩሉ ክሰፍር ዝደሊ። እዚ መርበብ ሓበሬታ እዚ ንምቁጽጻርን ብልጫታቱ ንምጥቃምን ትኹረት ናይቶም ተሃንጠይቲ እዩ ነይሩ። ==መወከሲታት== nb3tmyuft2bk85ldf3le8snykp9jjtm 0 6071 24139 2023-03-04T19:23:45Z Osps7 8807 ገጽ ምስ «<div class="listaref" style="<!-- -->{{#if: {{{ancho|{{{colwidth|}}}}}} | -moz-column-width: {{{ancho{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{ancho{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; column-width: {{{ancho{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; | {{#if: {{{1|}}} | -moz-column-count:{{{1}}}; -webkit-column-count:{{{1}}}; column-count:{{{1}}}; }} }} list-style-type: <!-- -->{{{estilolista|{{{liststyle|{{#switch: {{{grupo|{{{group|}}}}}} | upper-alpha | upper-r...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="listaref" style="<!-- -->{{#if: {{{ancho|{{{colwidth|}}}}}} | -moz-column-width: {{{ancho{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{ancho{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; column-width: {{{ancho{{{colwidth|}}}}}}; | {{#if: {{{1|}}} | -moz-column-count:{{{1}}}; -webkit-column-count:{{{1}}}; column-count:{{{1}}}; }} }} list-style-type: <!-- -->{{{estilolista|{{{liststyle|{{#switch: {{{grupo|{{{group|}}}}}} | upper-alpha | upper-roman | lower-alpha | lower-greek | lower-roman = {{{grupo|{{{group}}}}}} | #default = decimal}}}}}}}};">{{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{grupo|{{{group|}}}}}}}}</div><noinclude>{{documentación}}</noinclude> hivgzx8t06b4h839gvk7u95tyq1rxip 0 6072 24141 2023-03-05T19:41:37Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1138450616|Cicero Stadium]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሲሰሮ ስታድዩም''' ኣብ [[ኣስመራ]] [[ኤርትራ]] ዝርከብ ብዙሕ ዕላማ ዘለዎ ስታድዩም ’ ዩ። እቲ ስታድዩም ብማሌዥያዊ ኣርኪተክተር ማይክል ኬሲ ቺያህ ዝተነድፈ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ህንጸት ሮያል ስታድዩም ፖሊስ ዖማን ዖማን ምምኽኻር ጀሚሩ። 6000 ሰብ ዝሕዝ ዓቕሚ ዘለዎ ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ መብዛሕትኡ ንጸወታታት ኩዕሶ እግሪ ይጥቀመሉ። dclrgbaq2fzeb9uljhuugstgzard0ru 0 6073 24142 2023-03-06T01:06:53Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1142695486|Ethiopian Coffee S.C.]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኢትዮጵያዊት ቡን ስፖርት ክለብ''' ( [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : የኢትዮጵያቡና ስፖርት ክለብ)፣ ብኻልእ ኣጸዋውዓ '''''ኢትዮጵያዊት ቡና ትፍለጥ፣''''' ኣብ [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] እትርከብ ፕሮፌሽናል ናይ ኢትዮጵያ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለብ እያ። ኣባል ፌደሬሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ኮይኖም ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ዲቪዥን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ይፃወቱ። ናይ ዓዶም ስታድዩም ኣዲስ ኣበባ ስታድዩም ’ ዩ። ምስ መወዳድርታ ዝኾነት [[ቅዱስ ጊዮርጊስ ኤስ.ሲ|ቅድስቲ ጊዮርጊስ]] ፡ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ካብ ዘለዋ ዓበይቲ ደገፍቲ ሓንቲ እያ ትምካሕ። 7lev91nzwwinsjtelcohdmmhxp4ewgj 0 6074 24144 24143 2023-03-06T02:34:19Z Siiuu07 8856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቸንቾ ጌልትሸን''' (10 ግንቦት 1996 ተወሊዱ) ቡታናዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ክለብ ኣይ-ሊግ ራውንድግላስ ፑንጃብ ከም ኣጥቃዓይ ዝጻወትን ሓለቓ ጋንታ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ቡታንን እዩ። ጂልትሸን ኣብ ኩሉ ግዜ ኣብ ቅድሚት ዝስራዕ ኣህጉራዊ ኣመዝጋቢ ሸቶ ቡታን ኢዩ። [[File:CHENCHO (cropped).jpg|thumb|right]] ንሱ ብፍቕሪ ''CG7'' ወይ ''ቡታናዊ ሮናልዶ'' ዝብል ሳጓ ይወሃቦ ፡ ምኽንያቱ ምስ ናይ [[ክሪስትያኖ ሮናልዶ|ክርስትያኖ ሮናልዶ]] ዝመሳሰል ቅዲ ጸወታኡ ። ጂልትሸን ካብ ሃገር ወጻኢ ዝተጻወተ ናይ መጀመርታ ቡታናዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ እዩ። t5dp4qo2rlzoov1d6q5f73bo7w5nbwq 0 6075 24147 24145 2023-03-06T16:41:20Z Siiuu07 8856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ስታድዩም ኣዲስ ኣበባ''' ( [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : አዲስ አበባ ስታዲስ) ኣብ [[ኢትዮጵያ]] [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] ዝርከብ ብዙሕ ዕላማ ዘለዎ ስታድዩም እዩ። ዋላ እኳ ናይ ኣትሌቲክስ መሳለጥያታት እንተሃለዎ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ንጸወታታት ኩዕሶ እግሪ ዝውዕል እዩ። እቲ ስታድየም 35 ሽሕ ሰባት ዝሕዝ እዩ። [[File:Addis_Ababa_Stadium.jpg|thumb|right]] nu97suue9g5tjpjduyqmfaohiflej5z 0 6076 24150 24149 2023-03-06T17:49:37Z Siiuu07 8856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣቡበከር ናስር ኣሕመድ''' (23 ለካቲት 2000 ዓ.ም.ፈ) ኢትዮጵያዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኩዕሶ እግሪን ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኢትዮጵያን ምስ ማሜሎዲ ሳንዳውንስ ከም ኣጥቃዓይ ኮይኑ ይጻወት ። ቅድሚ ሕጂ ኣብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ምስ [[ኢትዮጵያዊ ቡን SC|ኢትዮጵያ ቡና ኤስ ሲ]] ተጻዊቱ ። [[File:Cap-vert vs Ethiopi (37).jpg|thumb|right]] hgv5eqbiq3he7gf1x1qiu589lfjhbjg 0 6077 24164 24151 2023-03-07T21:14:06Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3 wikitext text/x-wiki '''መቐለ 70 እንደርታ FC''' ኣብ [[መቐለ]] [[ኢትዮጵያ|ኢትዮጵያ ዝመደበሩ ናይ ኢትዮጵያ]] ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለብ እዩ። ኣባል ፌደሬሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ኮይኑ ኣብዚ ሕዚ እዋን ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ዲቪዥን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ይፃወት። እታ ክለብ ድሕሪ ምዝዛም ዓመተ ስፖርት 2016-17 ንፈለማ እዋን ናብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ደይባ። ኣብ ዓመተ ስፖርት 2018/19 መቐለ 70 እንደርታ ሻምፕዮን ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ኮይና ንኢትዮጵያ ወኪላ ኣብ ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግ ካፍ 2019 ክትሳተፍ ከላ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ዙር ግን ይጎድላ። ኣብዚ ሕዚ እዋን እታ ክለብ ኣብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ 2019/2020 ካብ ዝመርሓ ጋንታታት ሓንቲ እያ [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127105152/https://soccerethiopia.net/ethpl-2012 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] ። 0gvz9qzycgifabp9f6zl86hyv9ksqtk 0 6078 24153 24152 2023-03-06T22:42:04Z Siiuu07 8856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ጌታነህ ከበደ ገበቶ''' (ተወሊዱ 2 ሚያዝያ 1992) ኢትዮጵያዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ ኣብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ክለብ ወልኪተ ሲቲ ከም ኣጥቃዓይ ዝጻወት እዩ። [[File:Cap-vert vs Ethiopi (30).jpg|thumb|right]] ompyd7cr2stjty8xx2fd6ns3mji7be1 0 6079 24158 24157 2023-03-07T02:53:55Z Siiuu07 8856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሮሞዳን ዩሱፍ መሓመድ''' ( {{Lang-am|ረመዳን ዩሱፍ}} <span data-ve-ignore="true">:</span> <span data-ve-ignore="true" lang="am">መዳን ዩሱፍ</span> [[Category:Articles containing Amharic-language text]] <nowiki/>; ተወሊዱ 12 ለካቲት 2001) ኢትዮጵያዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ክለብ [[ቅዱስ ጊዮርጊስ ኤስ.ሲ|ሴንት ጆርጅን]] ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኢትዮጵያን ከም ጸጋማይ ተኸላኻላይ ዝጻወት እዩ። [[File:Cap-vert vs Ethiopi (33).jpg|thumb|right]] 0pn88aa8b7hv81s4vqisq2ztjqv0i0h 0 6080 24156 24155 2023-03-07T02:44:33Z Siiuu07 8856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ''' ( [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : የአትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ እግርያስ ቡድን)፡ ብስም ዋሊያ ''ዋሊያ'' ትጽዋዕ [[ኢትዮጵያ|፡ ንኢትዮጵያ]] ወኪላ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ኮይና፡ ብፌደሬሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ፡ ኣመሓዳሪ ኣካል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ትቆጻጸር። እዛ ጋንታ ካብ ዓ.ም. ዋልያታት ኣብ ሜድኦም ኣብ ርእሰ ከተማ [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ ስታድየም|ኣዲስ ኣበባ ኣብ ዝርከብ ስታድዩም]] [[ኣዲስ ኣበባ]] ይጻወቱ ። [[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> {{As of|2017|1|13|alt=They are currently ranked 150th in the world according to the [[FIFA World Rankings]] and 44th in [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]}} [[FIFA World Rankings|ደረጃ ዓለም ፊፋ]] ኣብ ዓለም መበል 150፡ ኣብ [[Confederation of African Football|ካፍ]] <span data-ve-ignore="true">ድማ መበል 44 ደረጃ</span> ሒዛ ኣላ <sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" data-ve-ignore="true" style="display:none;">[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopia_national_football_team&action=edit &#x5B; update &#x5D;]</sup> [[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2017]] [[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]] . <ref name="ranking"></ref> [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|thumb|right]] ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ 1957 ኣብ ፈላሚ ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ ካብ ዝተሳተፋ ሰለስተ ጋንታታት ጥራይ (ምስ ግብጽን ሱዳንን ) ሓንቲ እያ ነይራ። ኣብቲ ውድድር ኣብ 1962 ተዓዊታ ፡ ኣአንጋዲት እውን እያ ነይራ። ይኹን እምበር፡ ካብ መወዳእታ 1960ታት ኣትሒዙ ዓወት ክርከብ ኣይከኣልን እዩ። ኣብ ትሕቲ ኣሰልጣኒ ሰውነት ቢሻው ፡ እታ ጋንታ ድሕሪ ናይ 31 ዓመታት ካብ ጸወታ ወጻኢ ናብ ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ 2013 ሓሊፋ። ljffslizlgpljtb8l1oqecswufi7cwj 0 6081 24161 24160 2023-03-07T17:48:39Z Siiuu07 8856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኤርትራ''' [[ኤርትራ|ንኤርትራ]] ወኪሉ ኣብ ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ኣህጉራዊ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ ብሃገራዊ ፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኤርትራ (ENFF) ይቆጻጸር። ''ሳጓ ድማ ኣወዳት ቀይሕ ባሕሪ'' ’ ዩ ዝወሃቦ። ናብ ፍጻመ ዋንጫ ዓለምን ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃን ሓሊፋ ኣይትፈልጥን ። ናይ ውሽጢ ዓዲ ክለብ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ FC ቀንዲ ኣቕራቢ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ እያ፣ እታ ጋንታ ንኽልቲኦም ፊፋን ኮንፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣፍሪቃን (CAF) ትውክል። [[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|thumb|right]] ptnzrrd3novlslc3pv2lv4y7qqp6ne2 0 6082 24162 2023-03-07T17:54:12Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1142424398|Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center" ! colspan="3" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #fff203; color: #080808; border:1px solid #fff203; text-align:center;" |ንጡፋት ክፍልታት ናይ...<br /><br /><br /><br /> ማሜሎዲ ሳንዳውንስ |- ! style="text-align:center;" width="33%" |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]] ! style="text-align:center;" width="33%" |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]] ! style="text-align:center;" width="33%" |[[File:Football_pictogram.svg|30x30px]] |- ! style="text-align:center;" |ኩዕሶ እግሪ (ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ) ! style="text-align:center;" |'''ኩዕሶ እግሪ (መንእሰያት ዝተሓዋወሰ)''' ! style="text-align:center;" |[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies FC|ኩዕሶ እግሪ (ናይ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ)]] |} '''ማሜሎዲ ሳንዳውንስ ፉትቦል ክለብ (Mamelodi Sundowns Football Club)''' (ብቐሊሉ '''ብሳንዳውንስ (Sundowns)''' ትፍለጥ ) ኣብ ማሜሎዲ, ፕሪቶርያ ኣብ ኣውራጃ ጋውቴንግ ዝመደበራ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃዊት ፕሮፌሽናል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለብ ኮይና ኣብ ፕሪመር ሶከር ሊግ ትጻወት ፣ ቀዳማይ ደረጃ ስርዓት ሊግ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ። ኣብ ሰብዓታት ዝተመስረተት እዛ ጋንታ፡ ኣብ ሜድኣ ጸወታታት ኣብ ስታድዩም ሎፍቱስ ቨርስፈልድ እያ እተካይዶ። ሳንዳውንስ ኣብ 1996 ካብ እትጅምር ንደሓር 12 ግዜ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘት ኮይና፡ 3 ሃገራዊ ሻምፕዮን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሊግ ናይ ሓባር ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘት ኮይና፡ ብድምር 15 ዋንጫ ሊግ ክትዓትር ክኢላ እያ። ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ኣብ ዘመነ ፒኤስኤል ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ ዝዓበየት ዕውትቲ ክለብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ እያ። ኣብ 2016 ካፍ ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግ ፣ 2017 ካፍ ሱፐር ካፕ ብምዕዋት ብሉጽ ክለብ ካፍ 2016 ተባሂላ ተመሪጻ። ኣብ ውሽጢ ሃገር እውን ንዋንጫ ኔድባንክ 6 ግዜ ፡ ንኤምቲኤን 8 4 ግዜ ፡ ንቴልኮም ኖክኣውት ድማ 4 ግዜ ተዓዊታ ኣላ። ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም ክለባት ፊፋ ዝተሳተፈት ናይ መጀመርታ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃዊት ጋንታ ኮይና ፡ ኣብ 6ይ ደረጃ ዛዚማ። ሳንዳውንስ ብደቡብ ኣፍሪቃዊ ንግዳዊ ትካል ፓትሪስ ሞትሰፐ ዝውነን ኮይኑ፡ ብዋጋ ዕዳጋ፡ ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ ካብ ዘለዋ ክቡራት ክለባት ሓንቲ እያ። እታ ክለብ ብፍሉይ ቅዲ ምጥቃዕ ጸወታኣ ትሕበን፣ ኣብ ውሽጢ ዓዲ "Shoe Shine & Piano" ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ኮይኑ እዚ ድማ ውህደት ቅልጡፍን ሓጺርን ምሕላፍ ኣብ ሜዳ ዘጠቓልል ኮይኑ እዚ ድማ ምስ ስጳኛዊ ቲኪ-ታካ ይመሳሰል። ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ዓመታት እዚ ቅዲ ጸወታ ኣብ ጋንታታት መንእሰያትን ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቂ ኣንስትዮን ይንጸባረቕ ነይሩ። ኣብ 2021 ሳንዳውንስ ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ ንፈለማ እዋን ክልቲኡ ዋንጫ ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግ ካፍን ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ካፍ ዝዓተረት ክለብ ኮይና። kos393zvc5h81kezzupo6to2xu08bvm 0 6083 24163 2023-03-07T17:56:54Z Afaan oromoo guddisii 8764 Created by translating the page "[[:om:Special:Redirect/revision/39011|Sanduuqa Sagalee]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Illu_larynx.jpg|thumb| ቀንዲ ክፋላት ናይ ድምጺ ሳንዱቕ ኣብ ሰብ፡ ብመንገዲ ቅድመ-ገጽ።]] ንትራክያን ፍሪንክስን የራኽብ። እቶም መትሓዚ ድምጺ ከም ኣዳምስ ኣፕል፡ ግሎቲስ፡ ኮክሊያ ወይ ላሪንክስ ወይ ኤፒግሎቲስን ድምጽን ዝኣመሰሉ ኣቃውማታት የጠቓልሉ። እቶም መስመራት ድምጺ ነቲ ካብ ሳንቡእ ዝለዓል ኣየር ናብ መትሓዚ ድምጺ ብምቕናዕ ድምጺ ዘረባ የፍሪ። g872do8hz1gd47z60kp7brjnxh4sz0s 100 6087 24524 24178 2023-09-20T19:20:15Z Mhreabb 9374 ኤርትራ ኣብ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ ትርከብ ሃብታም ሃገር እያ።ብብዝሒ ኣመንቲ ክርስትና ድማ ይርከብዋ። wikitext text/x-wiki ባህላዊ መለለይ ጻዕዳ ክዳን ሓበሻ dgdymh3u3flg85mq1gxnc1ijqh4d9at 100 6089 24407 24209 2023-07-02T15:39:51Z Hakichey 9163 wikitext text/x-wiki ፍልስፍና ካብ philosofy ዝብል ናይ ቋንቋ ግሪኽ ቃል ዝተረኽበ ስም እዩ። Philo ማለት ፍቕሪ ክኸውን ከሎ፡ sofy ወይ sofia ማለት ድማ ጥበብ ማለት እዩ። ስለዚ ተደሚሩ ክንበብ ከሎ ፡ ፍቕሪ ጥበብ ተባሂሉ ክትርጐም ይኽእል። እዚ ዓውዲ'ዚ መሰረት ናይ ኩሎም ዓውድታት እዩ እንተ በልናዮ ምግናን ኣይከውንን። ምኽንያቱ ቅድሚ ዝኾነ ነገር ኣብ ግብሪ ምውዓሉ ብሓሳብ ስለ ዝጅምር። ብፍላይ ከም ኣካዳምያዊ ተግሳጽ ጌርካ ኺርአ ኸሎ ብዛዕባ መሰረታዊ ባህርይ ፍልጠትን ክውንነትን ህላወን ዚግበር መጽናዕቲ ። ሓደ ፍሉይ ኣገባብ ፍልስፍናዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ። ንብዙሕ ስማ፦ ፍልስፍና "ፍልስፍና ሾፐንሃውር" ብዛዕባ ሓደ ጨንፈር ፍልጠት ወይ ተመክሮ ዚገልጽ ክልሰ-ሓሳባዊ መሰረት ዚግበር መጽናዕቲ። "ፍልስፍና ስነ-ፍልጠት" s0xia9auaegf96hxwmnxvl6zymyyxrf 0 6090 24188 2023-04-15T21:30:35Z 2601:645:301:6030:969:639D:D9DB:E86B ገጽ ምስ «ጀፍሪ ማርሽ ኣብ 1900ታት ፖለቲካዊ ሰብ እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ [[ሮደዥያ]] ዝመጸ ጸረ [[እንግሊዝ]] ተቓዋሚ እዩ ነይሩ። ብ1890 ተወሊዱ ብ1974 ዓሪፉ።» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ጀፍሪ ማርሽ ኣብ 1900ታት ፖለቲካዊ ሰብ እዩ ነይሩ። ካብ [[ሮደዥያ]] ዝመጸ ጸረ [[እንግሊዝ]] ተቓዋሚ እዩ ነይሩ። ብ1890 ተወሊዱ ብ1974 ዓሪፉ። ljnj9ygqsxot1dazibjs3z8vrr66a9c 0 6091 24192 2023-04-21T09:04:03Z Tesfawel 9019 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1137518928|Mugo Gatheru]]" wikitext text/x-wiki ኣር ሙጎ ጋተሩ (፪፩ ነሓሰ ፩፱፪፭ – ፪፯ ሕዳር ፳፩፩) ኬንያዊ ጸሓፊ እዩ። እታ ቆልዓ ክልተ ዓለም እትብል ታሪኽ ህይወቱ ኣብ መግዛእታዊ ኬንያ ከምዝዓበየ ትሕብር። ጋተሩ ኣብ ሕርሻ ኤውሮጳ ካብ ዝነብሩ ስኩተር ስድራቤት እዩ ተወሊዱ። ኣብ ከተማ ናይሮቢ ትምህርቲ ሕክምና ተማሂሩ ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ነቲ ብገዛእቲ መግዛእቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣፍሪካውያን ዝፍጸም ዝነበረ ኣተሓሕዛ ብምቅዋሙ ትምህርቱ ኣቛሪጹ ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ክቕጽል ተገዲዱ። ንሓደ ዓመት ኣብ ህንዲ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ፡  ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝን ሕጊ ቅድሚ ምምሃሩ ፣ ካብ ፩፱፶ ጀሚሩ ንሸሞንተ ዓመታት ኣብ ኣመሪካ ኣሕሊፉ። ኣብ ፩፱፮፫ ናጽነት ምስ ረኸበት ናብ ዓዱ ኬንያ ተመሊሱ። <ref>Fetter, B., ''Colonial Rule in Africa'', 1979, p.191</ref> ኣብ ሳክራሜንቶ ኣብ ዝርከብ ካሊፎርንያ ስቴት ዩኒቨርሲቲ ንብዙሕ ዓመታት ታሪኽ ኣፍሪካን ማእከላይ ምብራቕን ኣምሂሩ። == ይሰርሕ == pmmeyqkuzgskwab0ubnjhtjhop9qp0p 0 6092 24532 24193 2023-10-04T00:01:11Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki መዝገብ ስም ዶመይን ማለት ንመዕቆቢ ኣስማት ዶሜይን ኢንተርነት [https://web.archive.org/web/20230314224657/https://iodomain.net/ ዘመሓድር ኩባንያ እዩ]። ሓደ መዝገብ ስም ዶመይን ብጀነሪክ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ዶመይን (gTLD) መዝገብ ወይ ብኮድ ሃገር ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ዶመይን (ccTLD) መዝገብ ተፈላጥነት ክህልዎ ኣለዎ። ሓደ መዝገብቲ ብመሰረት መምርሒ ናይቶም ዝተመደቡ መዝገብ ስም ዶሜይን እዩ ዝሰርሕ። ክሳብ 1999 ኔትወርክ ሶሉሽንስ ኢንክ (NSI) ንcom, net, and org top-level domains (TLDs) ዝኸውን መዝገብ የካይድ ነይሩ። ብዘይካ እቲ ናይ ዶሜይን ስም መዝገብ ኦፕሬተር ዝሰርሖ ስራሕ፡ ናይዞም ዶመይናት ብሕታዊ መዝገብቲ እውን እዩ ነይሩ። ይኹን እምበር፡ ሓያሎ ኩባንያታት ነጻ ኣገልግሎት መዝገብቲ ኣማዕቢለን ነይረን። ኣብ 1996 ሓደ ከምዚኦም ዝበሉ ኩባንያታት፡ ናይ ኢቫን ፖፕ ኩባንያ፡ ኔትነምስ፡ ምዝገባ ዶመይንን ካልእ ተዛመድቲ ኣገልግሎታትን ንህዝቢ ዝሸይጥ ንበይኑ ንግዳዊ ኣገልግሎት ምዝገባ ስም ዶመይን ዝብል ኣምር ኣማዕቢሉ፡ ብውጽኢታዊ መንገዲ ቅልጽም ችርቻሮ ናይ ሓደ ኢንዱስትሪ ምስ መዝገብ ጅምላ ሸየጥቲ ብምምስራት . NSI ነዚ ሞዴል እዚ ኣሲሚልዎ፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ ናብ ምፍልላይ ተግባራት መዝገብን መዝገብን ኣምሪሑ። ኣብ 1997 ፒጂሚድያ ንዲኤንኤስ ሱር ዞባ ከም ኣገዳሲ መሳለጥያ ብምጥቃስ ኣንጻር ኤንኤስኣይ ጸረ-ትራስት ክሲ ኣቕሪቡ፡ ሃገራዊ ሳይንስ ፋውንዴሽን ኣመሪካ (NSF) ድማ ከም ተኸሳሲ ኣብዚ ስጉምቲ ተጸንቢሩ። ኣብ መወዳእታ፡ NSI ካብ ጸረ-ትራስት ክሲ ነጻነት ተዋሂብዎ፡ እቲ ክሲ ግን ንዕዳጋ ዶሜይን ስም ዳግማይ ንምውዳብ እኹል ጸቕጢ ፈጢሩ። ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 1998፡ ብሰንኪ ጸቕጢ ናይቲ እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዝነበረ ናይ ዶሜይን ስም ምዝገባ ንግዲን ካልኦት ግዱሳት ወገናትን፡ ስምምዕ ኤን.ኤስ.ኣይ ምስ ክፍሊ ንግዲ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ ተኣሪሙ። እዚ ምምሕያሽ እዚ ንብዙሓት መዝገብቲ ዝድግፍ ናይ ሓባር ስርዓተ ምዝገባ ምፍጣር ዝጠልብ ነይሩ። እዚ ስርዓት እዚ፡ ካብ 11 መጋቢት 1999 ጀሚሮም ነቲ ስርዓት ዝጥቀሙ ሓያሎ ናይ ፈተነ ዓራት መዝገብቲ እኳ እንተነበሩ፡ ብ30 ሕዳር 1999 ኣብ ትሕቲ ቁጽጽር ኢንተርነት ኮርፖሬሽን ንዝተመደበ ኣስማትን ቁጽርታትን (ICANN) ኣገልግሎት ጀሚሩ።ካብ ሽዑ ጀሚሩ ልዕሊ 900 መዝገብቲ ኣትዮም ዕዳጋ ኣገልግሎት ምዝገባ ስም ዶሜይን ካብቶም ኣብ መጀመርታ ናብ ዕዳጋ ዝኣተዉ መዝገብቲ፡ ብዙሓት ዕብየቶም ቀጺሎምን ንመወዳድርቶም ይበልጹን። ጎዳዲ እቲ ዝዓበየ መዝገብቲ እዩ። ካልኦት ብሰፊሑ ዝጥቀሙ መዝገብቲ ድማ ኢኖም፡ ቱኮውስን ዌብሰንትራልን ይርከብዎም። ፈለማ ንዕዳጋ ዝመርሑ ዝነበሩ ድሒሮም ግን ብመወዳድርቶም ዝተበገሱ መዝገብቲ ኔትወርክ ሶሉሽንስን ዶትስተርን ይርከብዎም። ነፍሲ ወከፍ ብICANN ተፈላጥነት ዘለዎ መዝገብቲ ውሱን ክፍሊት 4,000 ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ተወሲኹዎ ተለዋዋጢ ክፍሊት ክኸፍል ኣለዎ። ድምር ተለዋዋጢ ክፍሊት መዝገብቲ ብድምር 3.8 ሚልዮን ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ክኸውን ተሓሲቡ ኣሎ። እቲ ብናይ ሓባር ስርዓተ ምዝገባ ዝፍጠር ውድድር፡ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቀምቲ ካብ ብዙሓት ብዝተፈላለየ ዋጋ ዝተፈላለየ ተዛመድቲ ኣገልግሎታት ዝህቡ መዝገብቲ ክመርጹ የኽእሎም። == ዝተመደበ መዝገብ == ሓበሬታ ምዝገባ ዶመይን ብናይ ዶሜይን ስም መዝገብ ዝዕቀብ ኮይኑ፡ ምስ መዝገብቲ ዶመይን ውዕል ብምግባር ንህዝቢ ኣገልግሎት ምዝገባ ይህቡ። ሓደ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ነቲ ናይ ምዝገባ ኣገልግሎት ዝህብ መዝገብቲ ይመርጽ፣ እቲ መዝገብቲ ድማ ነቲ ተጠቃሚ ዝመረጾ ዓውዲ ዝተመደበ መዝገብቲ ይኸውን። እቲ ዝተመደበ መዝገብቲ ጥራይ እዩ ኣብ ማእከላይ ዳታቤዝ መዝገብ ብዛዕባ ኣስማት ዓውዲ ሓበሬታ ክቕይር ወይ ክድምስስ ዝኽእል። ሓደ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ኣብ መንጎ እቶም ዝሳተፉ መዝገብቲ መስርሕ ምስግጋር ዓውዲ ብምጽዋዕ፡ ብፍሉይ ፖሊሲታት ምስግጋር ስም ዓውዲ ዝምራሕ፡ መዝገብቲ ክቕይር ልሙድ ኣይኮነን። ሓደ መዝገብቲ ንሓደ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ .com ዶሜይን ስም ክምዝግብ ከሎ፡ ዝለዓለ ዓመታዊ ክፍሊት 7.85 ዶላር ኣመሪካ ንVeriSign፡ ንcom መዝገብ ኦፕሬተር፡ ከምኡ’ውን ንICANN 0.18 ዶላር ኣመሪካ ዓመታዊ ክፍሊት ምምሕዳር ክኸፍል ኣለዎ። መብዛሕትኦም መዝገብቲ ዶመይን ንኣገልግሎታቶምን ፍርያቶምን ዋጋ ንኽልቲኡ ዓመታዊ ክፍሊትን ንICANN ክኽፈል ዘለዎ ናይ ምምሕዳር ክፍሊትን ንምፍታሕ እዩ። ናብ ኢንዱስትሪ ጅምላዊ መዝገብቲ ንኸይኣትዉ ዝዕንቅፉ ሓደስቲ ኩባንያታት ንዘሎ ዓማዊል ዘይብሎም ልዑል እዩ። ብዙሓት መዝገብቲ ብመንገዲ ዳግመ-ሸያጢ ምትእስሳር እውን ምዝገባ የቕርቡ። ሓደ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ወይ ብቐጥታ ምስ መዝገብቲ ይምዝገብ፣ ወይ ድማ ብተዘዋዋሪ መንገዲ ብሓደ ወይ ልዕሊኡ ንጣብ ዳግመ-ሸየጥቲ ይምዝገብ። ካብ 2010 ጀሚሩ፡ እቲ ናይ ችርቻሮ ወጻኢታት ብሓፈሻ ካብ ትሑት ኣስታት $7.50 ኣብ ዓመት ክሳብ ኣስታት $35 ኣብ ዓመት ንቐሊል ምዝገባ ዶመይን ይበጽሕ፡ ዋላ እኳ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ መዝገብቲ ምስ ካልኦት ፍርያት ከም ዌብ ሆስቲንግ ክእዘዙ ከለዉ ነቲ ዋጋ ኣዝዩ ትሑት እንተኾነ - ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ብነጻ ከይተረፈ ኣገልግሎት ምሃብ። ንሓደ ዶሜይን ስም ዝለዓለ ናይ ምዝገባ ግዜ 10 ዓመት እዩ። ገለ መዝገብቲ ክሳብ 100 ዓመት ዝበጽሕ ነዊሕ ግዜ ይህቡ፣ ከምዚኦም ዝበሉ ምቕራብ ግን እቲ መዝገብቲ ንዓሚሎም ምዝገባ ምሕዳስ ዘጠቓልል እዩ፤ እቲ ናይ 100 ዓመት ምዝገባ ኣብቲ ወግዓዊ ዳታቤዝ ምዝገባ ኣይምሃለወን። == ዲኤንኤስ ሆስቲንግ == ምዝገባ ናይ ሓደ ዓውዲ ስም ኣብ DNS ኣገልገልቲ ናይቲ ወላዲ ዓውዲ ስብስብ ናይ ስም ኣገልጋሊ መዛግብቲ ይምስርት፣ እዚ ድማ ናይቶም ንዓውዲ ስልጣን ዘለዎም ናይ DNS ኣገልገልቲ IP ኣድራሻታት የመልክት። እዚ ንቐጥታዊ ሕቶታት ናይ ዓውዲ ዳታ መወከሲ ይህብ። ምዝገባ ናይ ሓደ ዓውዲ ብቐጥታ ነቲ ዝተመዝገበ ዓውዲ ኣገልግሎት DNS ምሃብ ዘመልክት ኣይኮነን። መብዛሕትኦም መዝገብቲ ብእኦም ኣቢሎም ንዝተመዝገቡ ዶመይናት DNS hosting ከም ኣማራጺ ነጻ ኣገልግሎት ይህቡ። ኣገልግሎታት ዲኤንኤስ እንተዘይተዋሂቡ፡ ወይ እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ካብቲ ውድድር እንተወጺኡ፡ እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ኣገልግሎት ዲኤንኤስ ናይ ምዕዳግ ወይ ባዕሉ ናይ ምእንጋድ ሓላፍነት ኣለዎ። መዝገብቲ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብውሑዱ ክልተ ናይ ስም ኣገልገልቲ ስፔሲፊኬሽን ይጠልቡ። == ናይ DNSSEC ደገፍ == ዶመይን ኔም ሲስተም ሴኩሪቲ ኤክስቴንሽንስ (DNSSEC) ብስርዓት ዶሜይን ኔም ዝቐርብ ዝተወሰኑ ዓይነታት ሓበሬታ ንምውሓስ ዝሕግዝ ስብስብ ናይ ኢንተርነት ምህንድስና ሓይሊ ዕማም (IETF) ስፔሲፊኬሽን እዩ። እዚ ድማ ሓደ መዝገብቲ ህዝባዊ ቁልፊ ዳታ ምምስራሕን ናብቲ ወላዲ ዞባ ንኽውሰኹ መዛግብቲ ዲኤስ ምፍጣርን የጠቓልል። ኩሎም ሓደስቲ GTLD መዝገብትን መዝገብትን DNSSEC ክድግፉ ኣለዎም። == ምትሕልላፍ ስም ዓውዲ == ምትሕልላፍ ስም ዶመይን ማለት ነቲ ዝተመደበ መዝገብቲ ናይ ሓደ ዶሜይን ስም ናይ ምቕያር መስርሕ እዩ። ICANN ኣብ መንጎ መዝገብቲ ምዝውዋር ምዝገባ ዝምልከት ፖሊሲ ኣቐሚጡ ኣሎ።እቲ ልሙድ መስርሕ ምትሕልላፍ ስም ዶሜይን እዩ። # እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ እቲ whois admin contact info ቅኑዕ ምዃኑ የረጋግጽ፣ ብፍላይ እቲ ናይ ኢመይል ኣድራሻ፤ ካብቲ ናይ ቀደም መዝገብቲ ናይ ምርግጋጽ ኮድ (EPP ወይ UDAI transfer code) ይረክብ፣ ኣብቲ ምዝገባ ዝተቐመጠ ዝኾነ ናይ ዶሜይን መዕጸዊ ድማ የወግድ። እቲ ናይ whois ሓበሬታ ግዜኡ ዝሓለፎን ሕጂ ዝተመሓየሸን እንተኾይኑ፡ እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ቅድሚ ናብ ካልእ ምቕጻሉ ካብ 12–24 ሰዓታት ክጽበ ኣለዎ፡ እዚ ድማ እቲ ዝተመሓየሸ ዳታ ንኽዝርጋሕ ግዜ ንኽረክብ። # እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ነቲ ሓድሽ መዝገብቲ ነቲ ስም ዓውዲ ናብ ኣገልግሎቱ ከሰጋግር ድሌት ሒዙ ይረኽቦ፣ ነቲ ናይ ምርግጋጽ ኮድ ድማ የቕርብ። # እቲ ዝረክብ መዝገብቲ ወይ ካብቲ ዝተመዝገበ ስም ወናኒ ወይ ካብቲ ምምሕዳራዊ ርክብ ቅሉዕ ፍቓድ ክረክብ ኣለዎ። ዝውውር ክቕጽል ዝኽእል ካብ ሓደ ካብዞም ርክባት ናይቲ ዝውውር መረጋገጺ በቲ ዝረኽቦ መዝገብ ምስ ዝረክብ ጥራይ እዩ። እቲ ፍቓድ ብሕጋዊ ደረጃ ዝሓለወ ቅጥዒ ፍቓድ ኣቢሉ ክግበር ኣለዎ፣ እዚ ድማ ክለኣኽ ይኽእል ንኣብነት። ብኢመይል ናብቲ ኣብ WHOIS ተዘርዚሩ ዘሎ ናይ ኢ-መይል ኣድራሻታት። እቲ ምዝጉብ ስም ወናኒ ወይ እቲ ምምሕዳራዊ ርክብ ነቲ ዝውውር ከረጋግጽ ኣለዎ። እቲ ሓድሽ መዝገብቲ ብሓገዝ ናይቲ ምርግጋጽ ኮድ (auth code) ምትሕልላፍ ናይቲ ዶመይን ብኤሌክትሮኒካዊ ኣገባብ ይጅምር። # እቲ ናይ ቀደም መዝገብቲ ምስቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ርክብ ብምግባር ሓቅነት ናይዚ ሕቶ ከረጋግጽ እዩ። እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ነቲ ዝውውር ንምቅልጣፍ፡ ንኽቕጽል ዘለዎ ድሌት ዳግማይ ንምድጋም፡ ምስቲ ናይ ቀደም መዝገብቲ ተወሳኺ ስጉምቲ ክወስድ ክግደድ ይኽእል፡ ከም ናብቲ ናይ ኦንላይን ምሕደራ መሳርሒታት ምምላስ። # እቲ ናይ ቀደም መዝገብቲ ነቲ ሓድሽ መዝገብ ስልጣን ክለቅቕ እዩ። # እቲ ሓድሽ መዝገብቲ ንናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ምዝውዋር ምዝዛሙ ከፍልጥ እዩ። እቲ ሓድሽ መዝገብቲ ብኣውቶማቲክ ብመንገዲ እቲ ናይ ዶመይን ሰርቨር ሓበሬታ ቀዲሑ ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ፣ ኩሉ ኣብቲ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ዘሎ ድማ ከምቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ክሰርሕ እዩ። እንተዘይኮይኑ እቲ ናይ ዶመይን ሰርቨር ሓበሬታ ምስቲ ሓድሽ መዝገብቲ ክመሓየሽ ከድልዮ እዩ። ድሕሪ እዚ መስርሕ እዚ እቲ ሓድሽ መዝገብቲ ናይቲ ዶሜይን ስም ዝተመደበ መዝገብቲ እዩ። እቲ መስርሕ ኣስታት ሓሙሽተ መዓልታት ክወስድ ይኽእል። ኣብ ገለ ገለ ኣጋጣሚታት፡ እቲ ናይ ቀደም መዝገብቲ፡ ክሳብ ዝፍቀድ ነቲ ዝውውር ኮነ ኢሉ ከደናጉዮ ይኽእል። ድሕሪ ምስግጋር፡ እቲ ዶመይን ን60 መዓልታት ዳግማይ ክሰጋገር ኣይክእልን እዩ፡ ብዘይካ ናብቲ ዝሓለፈ መዝገብቲ ምምላስ። ንሓደ ዶመይን ቅድሚ ግዜኡ ምውዳቑ ብቕጽበት ከተሰጋግሮ ምፍታን ልቦና ኣይኮነን። ኣብ ገለ ገለ ኣጋጣሚታት ሓደ ዝውውር ክሳብ 14 መዓልታት ክወስድ ይኽእል እዩ፣ እዚ ማለት እቲ ዝውውር ቅድሚ እቲ ምዝገባ ምውዳኡ ከይዛዘም ይኽእል እዩ። እዚ ድማ ምዝገባ ስም ዶመይን ምጥፋእን እቲ ዝውውር ምፍሻልን ከስዕብ ይኽእል። ነዚ ንምውጋድ፡ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቀምቲ ወይ ቅድሚ እቲ ምውዳእ መዓልቲ ኣጸቢቑ ክሰጋገሩ ኣለዎም፡ ወይ ድማ ቅድሚ ነቲ ምስግጋር ምፍታኖም ነቲ ምዝገባ ከሐድስዎ ኣለዎም። ሓደ ምዝገባ ዶመይን ግዜኡ እንተ ኣኺሉ፡ ምኽንያት ብዘየገድስ፡ እቲ መበቆላዊ ዋና ንኽመልሶ ኣጸጋሚ፡ ክቡር ወይ ዘይከኣል ክኸውን ይኽእል። ድሕሪ እቲ ናይ ምውዳእ ዕለት፡ እቲ ናይ ዓውዲ ኩነታት መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብሓያሎ ናይ ምሕደራ ምዕራፋት ይሓልፍ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ንኣዋርሕ፤ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብሓፈሻኡ ጥራይ ኣይከውንን እዩ። '''ናይ ምስግጋር ምትላል''' ምትእትታው ናይ ሓባር መዝገብ ስርዓት፡ ነቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ዝነበረ ናይ ዶሜይን ምዝገባ ሞኖፖሊ፡ ንሓደስቲ ብመዝገብቲ ዝፍለጡ ኣካላት ከፊቱሎም፡ እዚኦም ድማ ብICANN ንግዲ ንኽገብሩ ብቑዓት ነይሮም። ብዙሓት መዝገብቲ ኣብ ነንሕድሕዶም ክወዳደሩ ነይርዎም፣ ዋላ እኳ ገለ ኩባንያታት ተወሳኺ እሴት ዘለዎ ኣገልግሎት እንተሃባ ወይ ቫይራል ማርኬቲንግ ይጥቀማ እንተነበራ፣ ካልኦት ከም በዓል ቨሪሳይንን ዶመይን ረጂስትሪ ኦፍ ኣሜሪካን ግን ዓማዊል ካብቲ ሕጂ ዘለዎም መዝገብቲ ንኽቕየሩ ብዶሜይን ስላሚንግ ዝፍለጥ ልምዲ ተጠቒሞም ከታልሉ ፈቲኖም . ብዙሓት ካብዞም ናይ ምስግጋር ምትላል ብፖስታ፡ ብፋክስ ወይ ብኢመይል ዝለኣኽ ምልክታ ዘጠቓልሉ እዮም። ገለ ኣስገርቲ ተወሳኺ ሓበሬታ ንምርካብ ምስ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቀምቲ ብተሌፎን ይራኸቡ (እቲ ርክብ ሓበሬታ ብመንገዲ WHOIS ስለዝርከብ)። እዞም ምልክታታት እዚኦም ንመልክዕ ሓቅነት ንምውሳኽ ካብ ዳታቤዝ WHOIS ብህዝቢ ዝቐርብ ሓበሬታ ዘጠቓልሉ ምኾኑ። እቲ ጽሑፍ ነቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ወግዓዊ ቀያዲ ምልክታ እዩ ኢሉ ንኽሓስብ ንምድንጋር legalese ምሓወሰ። መዝገብቲ ምትላል ደድሕሪ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ዝውድኡ ወይ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ግዜኦም ዝሓለፉ ኣስማት ዶሜይን ይኸዱ። ናይ ዶመይን ስም ናይ ምውዳእ መዓልታት ብመንገዲ WHOIS ብቐሊሉ ይርከብ። == ድሮፕ ካቸር == ድሮፕ ካቸር ንሓደ ዓሚል ዝተዋህበ ዶሜይን ስም ብቕልጡፍ ንምምዝጋብ ዝፍትን ኣገልግሎት ዝህብ መዝገብ ስም ዶሜይን ኮይኑ፡ እቲ ስም እንተድኣ ተረኺቡ-ማለት "ዝወደቐ" ስም "ምሓዝ"-ምዝገባ ናይቲ ዶሜይን ስም ምስተወድአን... ድሕሪኡ ይስረዝ፣ ወይ እቲ ተመዝጋቢ ነቲ ዶመይን ስለዝገድፎ ወይ ድማ እቲ ተመዝጋቢ ቅድሚ ምድምሳስ ነቲ ምዝገባ ስለዘየሐደሶ። == ደረጃታት መዝገብቲ == ሓያሎ ትካላት ብብጽሒት ዕዳጋ ዝተሰርዐ ዝርዝር ናይ ዶሜይን ስም መዝገብትን ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፎም ዝተመዝገቡ ቁጽሪ ዶመይናትን ይልጥፉ። እቶም ዝተሓትሙ ዝርዝር ኣየኖት ላዕለዎት ደረጃታት ዶመይናት (TLDs) ከም ዝጥቀሙ ይፈላለዩ፤ ኣብ ድግግም ምዕባለታት፤ ከምኡ’ውን መሰረታዊ ዳታኦም ብመዝገብ ዝቐርቡ ፍጹም ቁጽርታት ድዩ፣ ወይስ ካብ ፋይላት ዞባ ዝመጽእ መዓልታዊ ለውጢ ምዃኑ። እቶም ዝርዝር ኩሎም እንተበዝሐ ክሳብ ታሕሳስ 2009 ዝነበሩ 16 ብህዝቢ ዝቐርቡ ጀነሪክ TLDs (gTLDs) ዝጥቀሙ ይመስሉ፣ ተወሲኹዎም .us። ኣብ ለካቲት 2010 ዝተዳለወ ናይ ICANN ዞባ ፋይል ምብጻሕ ኣምር ወረቐት[5] መብዛሕትኦም ናይ ሃገር ኮድ TLD (ccTLD) መዝገብ ኣብ 2003 ንናይ ዞባ ፋይላት ምሃብ ከምዘቋረጹ ይገልጽ፣ እዚ ድማ ብዘይግቡእ ብምጥቃስ እዩ። ዝተሓትሙ ደረጃታትን ጸብጻባትን፤ * ወርሓዊ (ግን ብግምት ናይ ሰለስተ ወርሒ ምድንጓይ ዘለዎ)፡ ICANN ብመዝገብ ናይ ኩሎም gTLDs ዝተፈጥሩ ጸብጻባት መዝገብ ይልጥፍ። እዞም ጸብጻባት እዚኦም ምስ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ብICANN ተፈላጥነት ዘለዎ መዝገብቲ ዝተመዝገቡ ፍጹም ቁጽሪ ዶመይናት ይዝርዝሩ። * ዓመታዊ (ግን ካብ 2002 ክሳብ 2007 ዝነበረ ግዜ ጥራይ ዝሽፍን)፡ ብ Name Intelligence, Inc. ጠቕላላ .com, .net, .org, .info, .biz ከምኡ’ውን .us ዘጠቓለለ እዩ። "መዓልታዊ ለውጢ" (ካብ መዓልታዊ ፋይላት ዞባታት ክኸውን ከምዝኽእል ይግመት) ከም መሰረት ዓመታዊ ድምር ዋጋታቱ ጠቒሱ። 73zc2jxde4by1xkwg7ibvo7q8h92ug7 0 6101 24211 2023-04-30T23:31:54Z 210.232.14.177 ገጽ ምስ «[[File:Abeno Harukas Osaka Japan01-r.jpg|thumb|Abeno Harukas]] '''Abeno Harukas'''([[ጃፓን]]:あべのハルカス-) - [[ኦሳካ]], [[ጃፓን]] ውስጥ የሚገኘው ሰማይ ጠቀስ. ግንባታ በ [[2010]] ተጀምሮ በ [[2014]] ተጀምሯል.» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abeno Harukas Osaka Japan01-r.jpg|thumb|Abeno Harukas]] '''Abeno Harukas'''([[ጃፓን]]:あべのハルカス-) - [[ኦሳካ]], [[ጃፓን]] ውስጥ የሚገኘው ሰማይ ጠቀስ. ግንባታ በ [[2010]] ተጀምሮ በ [[2014]] ተጀምሯል. ec27bs9zdg2paev9gq2prlc3ixl33nc 0 6102 24212 2023-04-30T23:36:34Z 210.232.14.177 ገጽ ምስ «[[File:Summer Koshien 2009 Final.jpg|thumb|300px|]] '''ኮሺየን ስታዲየም'''([[ጃፓን]]:甲子園球場-) - ኦሳካ, [[ጃፓን]] ውስጥ የሚገኘው ስታዲየም. ግንባታ በ [[1923]] ተጀምሮ በ [[1924]] ተጀምሯል.» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Summer Koshien 2009 Final.jpg|thumb|300px|]] '''ኮሺየን ስታዲየም'''([[ጃፓን]]:甲子園球場-) - ኦሳካ, [[ጃፓን]] ውስጥ የሚገኘው ስታዲየም. ግንባታ በ [[1923]] ተጀምሮ በ [[1924]] ተጀምሯል. n4q42gzzn5c93jo7y20gr1qhrkuswod 0 6103 24213 2023-05-01T22:59:30Z 210.232.14.169 ገጽ ምስ «[[File:Hanshin tigers insignia.PNG|thumb|]] '''ሃንሺን ታይገርስ''' ( ጃፓንኛ :阪神タイガース)ጃፓናዊት ፕሮፌሽናል ጋንታ ቤዝቦል ኮይና ምስ ማእከላይ ሊግ ትተሓሓዝ። ካብተን ዝጸንሓ 12 ፕሮፌሽናል ጋንታታት ቤዝቦል ጃፓን ድሕሪ ዮሚውሪ ጃይንትስ ካልኣይቲ ዝነውሐ ግዜ ዝጸንሐት ጋንታ እያ ። ኣብ 1935 ብስም ኦሳ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hanshin tigers insignia.PNG|thumb|]] '''ሃንሺን ታይገርስ''' ( ጃፓንኛ :阪神タイガース)ጃፓናዊት ፕሮፌሽናል ጋንታ ቤዝቦል ኮይና ምስ ማእከላይ ሊግ ትተሓሓዝ። ካብተን ዝጸንሓ 12 ፕሮፌሽናል ጋንታታት ቤዝቦል ጃፓን ድሕሪ ዮሚውሪ ጃይንትስ ካልኣይቲ ዝነውሐ ግዜ ዝጸንሐት ጋንታ እያ ። ኣብ 1935 ብስም ኦሳካ ታይገርስ ዝተመስረተት ኮይና ፡ ኣብ ሓደ ዘመነ ሊግ ኣርባዕተ ሻምፕዮንነት ክትዓትር ከላ፡ ኣብ 1950 ክልቲአን ሊጋት ካብ ዝጅምራ ጀሚረን ድማ፡ ሓሙሽተ ሻምፕዮን ማእከላይ ሊግ፡ ብድምር ትሽዓተ ሻምፕዮን ሊግ ተዓዊተን። ኣብዚ ሕዚ እዋን ኣብ ከተማ ኒሺኖሚያ ፕረፈክቸር ሂዮጎ ዝርከብ ስታድዩም ሃንሺን ኮሺየን ከም ናይ ዓዶም ስታድዩም ይጥቀሙሉ ኣለዉ ። 8rkcil8yvuwiar6uc1kj61xvqiv9g64 0 6105 24220 2023-05-11T14:46:11Z Bichthinhcao 9062 ገጽ ምስ «{{ሓበሬታ ውድብ|ስም=ፌስቡክ|መበቆላዊ_ስም=Facebook|ኣርማ=Facebook f logo (2019).svg|መስራቲ=[[ማርክ ዙከርበርግ]]|ቦታ_ስራሕ=[[ዓለም|ዓለምለኻዊ]]|መርበብ_ሓበሬታ={{URL|https://www.facebook.com}}}} ፌስቡክ ብኣሜሪካዊ ትካል ቴክኖሎጂ ሜታ ፕላትፎርምስ ዝውነን ናይ ኦንላይን ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢታትን ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢታ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ውድብ|ስም=ፌስቡክ|መበቆላዊ_ስም=Facebook|ኣርማ=Facebook f logo (2019).svg|መስራቲ=[[ማርክ ዙከርበርግ]]|ቦታ_ስራሕ=[[ዓለም|ዓለምለኻዊ]]|መርበብ_ሓበሬታ={{URL|https://www.facebook.com}}}} ፌስቡክ ብኣሜሪካዊ ትካል ቴክኖሎጂ ሜታ ፕላትፎርምስ ዝውነን ናይ ኦንላይን ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢታትን ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢታትን ኣገልግሎት እዩ። ኣብ 2004 ብማርክ ዙከርበርግ ምስ ብጾቱ ተማሃሮ ኮለጅ ሃርቫርድን መሓዙቱን ኤድዋርዶ ሳቨሪን፡ ኣንድሪው ማኮሉም፡ ዳስቲን ሞስኮቪትዝን ክሪስ ሂዩዝን ዝተፈጥረት ኮይና፡ ስማ ካብቲ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ንኣመሪካውያን ተማሃሮ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ዝወሃብ ናይ ገጽ መጽሓፍ ማህደር ዝመጸ እዩ። ኣባልነት ኣብ መጀመርታ ኣብ ተማሃሮ ሃርቫርድ ጥራይ ዝተሓጽረ ኮይኑ፡ በብቑሩብ ናብ ካልኦት ዩኒቨርሲቲታት ሰሜን ኣመሪካ፡ ካብ 2006 ጀሚሩ ድማ ናብ ዝኾነ ልዕሊ 13 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኡ ሰብ ይሰፍሕ ነይሩ። ክሳብ ታሕሳስ 2022፡ ፌስቡክ ወርሓዊ 2.96 ቢልዮን ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ ከምዘለዎን፡ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ድማ ካብቶም ዝበዝሑ በጻሕቲ ዝረኽብዎም መርበባት ሓበሬታ ኣብ ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ተሰሪዑ። ኣብ 2010ታት ዝበዝሐ ዳውንሎድ ዝገበረት ናይ ሞባይል ኣፕ እያ ነይራ። ፌስቡክ ካብ ምትእስሳር ኢንተርነት ዘለዎም መሳርሒታት፡ ከም ፐርሶናል ኮምፒዩተራት፡ ታብሌታትን ስማርትፎናትን ክትረኽቦ ትኽእል ኢኻ። ተጠቀምቲ ድሕሪ ምምዝጋቦም፡ ብዛዕባ ገዛእ ርእሶም ሓበሬታ ዝገልጽ ፕሮፋይል ክፈጥሩ ይኽእሉ። ጽሑፍ፡ ስእልታትን ማልቲሚድያን ክዝርግሑ ይኽእሉ እዮም፡ እዚ ድማ ምስ ዝኾነ ካልእ "ዓርኮም" ክኸውን ዝተሰማምዐ ተጠቃሚ ወይ ድማ ዝተፈላለየ ናይ ብሕትውና ቅጥዕታት ዘለዎ ብግልጺ ክካፈል ይኽእል። ተጠቀምቲ ብመሰንጀር ብቐጥታ ኣብ ነንሕድሕዶም ክረዳድኡ፡ ኣብ ናይ ሓባር ረብሓ ዘለዎም ጉጅለታት ክጽንበሩ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብዛዕባ ንጥፈታት ናይ ፌስቡክ ኣዕሩኽቶምን ዝከታተልዎም ገጻትን መፍለጢታት ክረኽቡ ይኽእሉ። ኣርእስቲ ብዙሕ ክትዓት ዝኾነ ፌስቡክ፡ ብብሕታዊነት ተጠቀምቲ (ከምቲ ኣብ ዳታ ካምብሪጅ ኣናሊቲካ ዝነበረ ዕንደራ)፡ ፖለቲካዊ ምትላል (ከምቲ ኣብ ምርጫ ኣመሪካ 2016)ን ጃምላዊ ምክትታልን ዝኣመሰሉ ጉዳያት ብዙሕ ግዜ ይንቀፍ ነይሩ። ፌስቡክ ብስነ-ኣእምሮኣዊ ሳዕቤናት ከም ወልፍን ትሑት ርእሰ-ምትእምማንን፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብዛዕባ ከም ናይ ሓሶት ዜና፡ ውዲታዊ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ፡ ምግሃስ መሰል ቅዳሕ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ጽልኢ ዝመልኦ ዘረባ ዝኣመሰሉ ትሕዝቶታት ዝተፈላለየ ክትዓት ክቐርብ ጸኒሑ’ዩ። ወሃብቲ ርእይቶ፡ ፌስቡክ ከምዚ ዓይነት ትሕዝቶ ንምዝርጋሕ ብፍቓዱ ከም ዘመቻችእ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ንመወዓውዒታት ንምስሓብ ብዝሒ ተጠቀምቱ ኣጋኒኑ’ዩ ክብሉ ይኸሱ። dyfot4u1ttiyo4d890clltmvhm4y596 10 6106 24240 24229 2023-05-12T20:46:25Z Joanmp14 5782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |headertype = header |title = {{{ስም|{{PAGENAME}}}}} |colorbackgroundtitle = #EAEAEA |image = {{{ኣርማ|}}} |imagesize = {{{መጠን|135px}}} |footer = ኣርማ {{{ስም|{{PAGENAME}}}}} |footerstyle = font-size:smaller; |image2 = {{{ምስሊ|}}} |imagesize2 = {{{እግሪ_ምስሊ|}}} |footer2 = {{{መጠን ምስሊ|}}} |sectionstyle = |labelstyle = |datastyle = |label1 = ቋንቋ |data1 = {{{ቋንቋ|{{#property:p407}}}}} |label2 = ዕለተ ፍጥረት |data2 = {{{መሰረት|{{#property:p571}}}}} |label3 = ጽሑፋት |data3 = {{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{{መለለዪ|{{{id}}}}}}|N}} |label4 = ዝተመዝገቡ ተጠቀምቲ |data4 = {{NUMBEROF|USERS|{{{መለለዪ|{{{id}}}}}}|N}} |label5 = ጠቕላላ ገጻት |data5 = {{NUMBEROF|PAGES|{{{መለለዪ|{{{id}}}}}}|N}} |label6 = ከባብያዊ ፋይላት |data6 = {{NUMBEROF|FILES|{{{መለለዪ|{{{id}}}}}}|N}} |tablefooter = {{#if:{{{መለለዪ|}}}|<span class="plainlinks">[//{{{መለለዪ}}}.wikipedia.org {{{መለለዪ}}}.wikipedia.org]</span>}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> sfi2ek3o3iou58wh0ic99apyrgsq6ke 10 6107 24225 2023-05-12T00:27:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{ዕለት|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} ({{ዕድመ ብዓመታት፣ ኣዋርሕን መዓልታትን|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}})</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}<noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ዕለት|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} ({{ዕድመ ብዓመታት፣ ኣዋርሕን መዓልታትን|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}})</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}<noinclude> qqscvk8twjvywphkv4as2z1ygfcdl2o 828 6108 24239 24238 2023-05-12T20:44:30Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local aliases = { wikidata = 'www.wikidata', meta = 'meta.wikimedia', commons = 'commons.wikimedia', foundation = 'foundation.wikimedia', wikimania = 'wikimania.wikimedia', wikitech = 'wikitech.wikimedia', } local function trimArg(arg, i) arg = mw.text.trim(arg or '') if arg == '' then if i then error('Parameter ' .. i .. ' is missing. See template documentation') end return nil end return mw.ustring.lower(arg) end local function getValue(stats, action, map) if action == 'depth' then -- https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_article_depth -- This gives silly results if, for example, the number of articles is small. local n = { 'articles', 'edits', 'pages' } if map then for i, v in ipairs(n) do n[i] = map[v] end end for i, v in ipairs(n) do n[i] = stats[v] or 0 end local articles, edits, pages = n[1], n[2], n[3] if pages == 0 or articles == 0 then return 0 end return math.floor((edits/pages) * ((pages - articles)/articles)^2) end if map then action = map[action] end return stats[action] end local function getIfLocal(site, action) -- If wanted site is the local site where module is running, -- return numberof result for given action, or nil. -- This is faster than reading the cached table, and gives the current value. local localSite = string.match(mw.site.server, '.*//(.*)%.org$') -- examples: 'af.wikipedia', 'commons.wikimedia' if site == localSite then if action == 'activeusers' then action = 'activeUsers' end return getValue(mw.site.stats, action) end end local function main(frame) local metaWords = { active = true, closed = true, languages = true, } local args = frame:getParent().args local action = trimArg(args[1], 1) -- activeusers, admins, articles, edits, files, pages, users, depth, active, closed, languages if action:sub(1, 8) == 'numberof' then -- numberofX is an alias for X action = trimArg(action:sub(9), 1) end local wantMeta = metaWords[action] local site = trimArg(args[2], 2) site = aliases[site] or site if not wantMeta and not site:find('.', 1, true) then -- site is like "af" or "af.wikipedia" or "af.wikiquote" etc., including "total" site = site .. '.wikipedia' end local wantComma = trimArg(args[3]) -- nil for no commas in output; "N" or anything nonblank inserts commas local result if wantMeta then local data = mw.loadData('Module:NUMBEROF/meta') local nrActive = data.nrActive[site] local nrClosed = data.nrClosed[site] if nrActive or nrClosed then -- If either is set, site is valid but there may not be an entry for both active and closed. nrActive = nrActive or 0 nrClosed = nrClosed or 0 if action == 'active' then result = nrActive elseif action == 'closed' then result = nrClosed elseif action == 'languages' then result = nrActive + nrClosed end end else result = getIfLocal(site, action) if not result then local data = mw.loadData('Module:NUMBEROF/data') local map = data.map data = data.data result = data[site] if result then result = getValue(result, action, map) end end end if result then if wantComma then result = mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum(result) end return result -- number or formatted string end return -1 end local function rank(frame) -- Rank sites in a specified sister project by their number of articles. local args = frame:getParent().args local parm = trimArg(args[1], 1) -- a number like 12 or a site name like "af" (not "af.wikipedia") local base = trimArg(args[2]) or 'wikipedia' -- base of full site name like "wikipedia" or "wikiquote" local wantComma = trimArg(args[3]) local data = mw.loadData('Module:NUMBEROF/' .. (base == 'wikipedia' and 'rank' or 'other')) data = data[base] if data then local result parm = tonumber(parm) or parm if type(parm) == 'number' then result = data.rankByIndex[parm] else result = data.rankBySite[parm] if result and wantComma then result = mw.getContentLanguage():formatNum(result) end end if result then return result -- number or string end end return -1 end return { main = main, rank = rank, } b7kq2q6w2u9d3c5xfmmytwdls32ce7y 10 6109 24227 2023-05-12T02:11:53Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:NUMBEROF|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:NUMBEROF|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> dtpts96tbrhwtvmca60vr3vs42hfcv2 828 6110 24236 24232 2023-05-12T20:28:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain -- Return a table of statistics to be accessed once per page using mw.loadData. -- The table contains counts of edits, pages and more for each project. local function makeData() local statistics = mw.ext.data.get('Wikipedia statistics/data.tab') -- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/data.tab local data = {} for _, v in ipairs(statistics.data) do -- Assume "site" is first entry of 8. data[v[1]] = { v[2], v[3], v[4], v[5], v[6], v[7], v[8] } end local map = {} for i, v in ipairs(statistics.schema.fields) do -- Assume "site" is first entry and skip it. if i > 1 then map[v.name] = i - 1 -- name is lowercase end end return { data = data, map = map, } end return makeData() 01fh62txxutfvsb98f2e9gfahtc65sa 828 6111 24230 2023-05-12T02:28:00Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «-- Return a table of statistics to be accessed once per page using mw.loadData. -- For each sister project, the table ranks each site by its number of articles. local projects = { 'wikipedia', } local function getData(statistics) local iSite, iArticles for i, v in ipairs(statistics.schema.fields) do if v.name == 'site' then iSite = i elseif v.name == 'articles' then iArticles = i end end local rankBySite, rankByIndex = {}, {} for _, v in ip...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain -- Return a table of statistics to be accessed once per page using mw.loadData. -- For each sister project, the table ranks each site by its number of articles. local projects = { 'wikipedia', } local function getData(statistics) local iSite, iArticles for i, v in ipairs(statistics.schema.fields) do if v.name == 'site' then iSite = i elseif v.name == 'articles' then iArticles = i end end local rankBySite, rankByIndex = {}, {} for _, v in ipairs(statistics.data) do rankBySite[v[iSite]] = v[iArticles] -- rank of site from number of articles rankByIndex[v[iArticles]] = v[iSite] -- inverse end return { rankByIndex = rankByIndex, -- rankByIndex[1] == 'en' rankBySite = rankBySite, -- rankBySite['en'] == 1 } end local function makeData() -- For example, data to rank each language for sister project wikipedia is at -- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/rank/wikipedia.tab local result = {} for _, project in ipairs(projects) do local file = 'Wikipedia statistics/rank/' .. project .. '.tab' result[project] = getData(mw.ext.data.get(file)) end return result end return makeData() 1ytwl00kvuek41hwv47e093wiljnhm6 828 6112 24231 2023-05-12T02:28:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «-- Return a table of statistics to be accessed once per page using mw.loadData. -- For each sister project, the table ranks each site by its number of articles. local projects = { 'wikibooks', 'wikinews', 'wikiquote', 'wikisource', 'wikiversity', 'wikivoyage', 'wiktionary', } local function getData(statistics) local iSite, iArticles for i, v in ipairs(statistics.schema.fields) do if v.name == 'site' then iSite = i elseif v.name == 'articles'...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain -- Return a table of statistics to be accessed once per page using mw.loadData. -- For each sister project, the table ranks each site by its number of articles. local projects = { 'wikibooks', 'wikinews', 'wikiquote', 'wikisource', 'wikiversity', 'wikivoyage', 'wiktionary', } local function getData(statistics) local iSite, iArticles for i, v in ipairs(statistics.schema.fields) do if v.name == 'site' then iSite = i elseif v.name == 'articles' then iArticles = i end end local rankBySite, rankByIndex = {}, {} for _, v in ipairs(statistics.data) do rankBySite[v[iSite]] = v[iArticles] -- rank of site from number of articles rankByIndex[v[iArticles]] = v[iSite] -- inverse end return { rankByIndex = rankByIndex, -- rankByIndex[1] == 'en' rankBySite = rankBySite, -- rankBySite['en'] == 1 } end local function makeData() -- For example, data to rank each language for sister project wikipedia is at -- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/rank/wikipedia.tab local result = {} for _, project in ipairs(projects) do local file = 'Wikipedia statistics/rank/' .. project .. '.tab' result[project] = getData(mw.ext.data.get(file)) end return result end return makeData() 5z4fsuar0o9scm5nfwt9bvaj0a5uh3m 828 6113 24720 24234 2024-03-02T19:13:09Z ExE Boss 7672 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/mediawikiwiki/Q28132212|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] Scribunto text/plain -- -- INTRO: (!!! DO NOT RENAME THIS PAGE !!!) -- This module allows any template or module to be copy/pasted between -- wikis without any translation changes. All translation text is stored -- in the global Data:*.tab pages on Commons, and used everywhere. -- -- SEE: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Multilingual_Templates_and_Modules -- -- ATTENTION: -- Please do NOT rename this module - it has to be identical on all wikis. -- This code is maintained at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Module:TNT -- Please do not modify it anywhere else, as it may get copied and override your changes. -- Suggestions can be made at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Module_talk:TNT -- -- DESCRIPTION: -- The "msg" function uses a Commons dataset to translate a message -- with a given key (e.g. source-table), plus optional arguments -- to the wiki markup in the current content language. -- Use lang=xx to set language. Example: -- -- {{#invoke:TNT | msg -- | I18n/Template:Graphs.tab <!-- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:I18n/Template:Graphs.tab --> -- | source-table <!-- uses a translation message with id = "source-table" --> -- | param1 }} <!-- optional parameter --> -- -- -- The "doc" function will generate the <templatedata> parameter documentation for templates. -- This way all template parameters can be stored and localized in a single Commons dataset. -- NOTE: "doc" assumes that all documentation is located in Data:Templatedata/* on Commons. -- -- {{#invoke:TNT | doc | Graph:Lines }} -- uses https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Templatedata/Graph:Lines.tab -- if the current page is Template:Graph:Lines/doc -- local p = {} local i18nDataset = 'I18n/Module:TNT.tab' -- Forward declaration of the local functions local sanitizeDataset, loadData, link, formatMessage function p.msg(frame) local dataset, id local params = {} local lang = nil for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do if k == 1 then dataset = mw.text.trim(v) elseif k == 2 then id = mw.text.trim(v) elseif type(k) == 'number' then params[k - 2] = mw.text.trim(v) elseif k == 'lang' and v ~= '_' then lang = mw.text.trim(v) end end return formatMessage(dataset, id, params, lang) end -- Identical to p.msg() above, but used from other lua modules -- Parameters: name of dataset, message key, optional arguments -- Example with 2 params: format('I18n/Module:TNT', 'error_bad_msgkey', 'my-key', 'my-dataset') function p.format(dataset, key, ...) local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType checkType('format', 1, dataset, 'string') checkType('format', 2, key, 'string') return formatMessage(dataset, key, {...}) end -- Identical to p.msg() above, but used from other lua modules with the language param -- Parameters: language code, name of dataset, message key, optional arguments -- Example with 2 params: formatInLanguage('es', I18n/Module:TNT', 'error_bad_msgkey', 'my-key', 'my-dataset') function p.formatInLanguage(lang, dataset, key, ...) local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType checkType('formatInLanguage', 1, lang, 'string') checkType('formatInLanguage', 2, dataset, 'string') checkType('formatInLanguage', 3, key, 'string') return formatMessage(dataset, key, {...}, lang) end -- Obsolete function that adds a 'c:' prefix to the first param. -- "Sandbox/Sample.tab" -> 'c:Data:Sandbox/Sample.tab' function p.link(frame) return link(frame.args[1]) end function p.doc(frame) local dataset = 'Templatedata/' .. sanitizeDataset(frame.args[1]) return frame:extensionTag('templatedata', p.getTemplateData(dataset)) .. formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'edit_doc', {link(dataset)}) end function p.getTemplateData(dataset) -- TODO: add '_' parameter once lua starts reindexing properly for "all" languages local data = loadData(dataset) local names = {} for _, field in ipairs(data.schema.fields) do table.insert(names, field.name) end local numOnly = true local params = {} local paramOrder = {} for _, row in ipairs(data.data) do local newVal = {} local name = nil for pos, columnName in ipairs(names) do if columnName == 'name' then name = row[pos] else newVal[columnName] = row[pos] end end if name then if ( (type(name) ~= "number") and ( (type(name) ~= "string") or not string.match(name, "^%d+$") ) ) then numOnly = false end params[name] = newVal table.insert(paramOrder, name) end end -- Work around json encoding treating {"1":{...}} as an [{...}] if numOnly then params['zzz123']='' end local json = mw.text.jsonEncode({ params=params, paramOrder=paramOrder, description=data.description, }) if numOnly then json = string.gsub(json,'"zzz123":"",?', "") end return json end -- Local functions sanitizeDataset = function(dataset) if not dataset then return nil end dataset = mw.text.trim(dataset) if dataset == '' then return nil elseif string.sub(dataset,-4) ~= '.tab' then return dataset .. '.tab' else return dataset end end loadData = function(dataset, lang) dataset = sanitizeDataset(dataset) if not dataset then error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_no_dataset', {})) end -- Give helpful error to thirdparties who try and copy this module. if not mw.ext or not mw.ext.data or not mw.ext.data.get then error(string.format([['''Missing JsonConfig extension, or not properly configured; Cannot load https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:%s. See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:JsonConfig#Supporting_Wikimedia_templates''']], dataset)) end local data = mw.ext.data.get(dataset, lang) if data == false then if dataset == i18nDataset then -- Prevent cyclical calls error('Missing Commons dataset ' .. i18nDataset) else error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_bad_dataset', {link(dataset)})) end end return data end -- Given a dataset name, convert it to a title with the 'commons:data:' prefix link = function(dataset) return 'c:Data:' .. mw.text.trim(dataset or '') end formatMessage = function(dataset, key, params, lang) for _, row in pairs(loadData(dataset, lang).data) do local id, msg = unpack(row) if id == key then local result = mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, unpack(params or {})) return result:plain() end end if dataset == i18nDataset then -- Prevent cyclical calls error('Invalid message key "' .. key .. '"') else error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_bad_msgkey', {key, link(dataset)})) end end return p r7hn49mbqg5sfa9i7l9l3ts62h7gy7u 0 6114 24291 24235 2023-06-07T18:34:24Z Caro de Segeda 7142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ውድብ|ስም=ኣፕል ኢንክ|መበቆላዊ_ስም=Apple Inc|ኣርማ=Aerial view of Apple Park dllu.jpg|መስራቲ=[[ስቲቭ ጆብስ ዝበሃል ትካል እዩ።]] [[ስቲቭ ዎዝኒያክ]] [[ሮናልድ ዋይን]] [[ማይክ ማርኩላ]]|ቦታ_ስራሕ=[[ካሊፎርንያ]]|መርበብ_ሓበሬታ={{URL|https://www.apple.com}}}} '''ኣፕል ኢንክ''' ኣብ ካሊፎርንያ ካሊፎርንያ ኩፐርቲኖ ዋና ቤት ጽሕፈቱ ዘለዎ ኣሜሪካዊ ብዙሕ ሃገራዊ ኩባንያ ቴክኖሎጂ እዩ። ኣፕል ብኣታዊታቱ ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየ ናይ ቴክኖሎጂ ኩባንያ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ 2022 394.3 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ ኣታዊ ረኺቡ። ክሳብ መጋቢት 2023፡ ኣፕል ብዕዳጋ ካፒታላይዜሽን ዝዓበየ ኩባንያ ዓለም እዩ። ክሳብ ሰነ 2022፡ ኣፕል ብኣሃዱ መሸጣ ራብዓይ ዝዓበየ ሸያጢ ውልቃዊ ኮምፒተርን ካልኣይ ዝዓበየ ኣፍራዪ ሞባይል ቴሌፎንን እዩ። ሓደ ካብቶም ዓበይቲ ሓሙሽተ ኣሜሪካውያን ኩባንያታት ቴክኖሎጂ ሓበሬታ ኮይኑ፡ ጎኒ ጎኒ ኣልፋቤት ኢንክ (ወላዲ ኩባንያ ጉግል)፡ ኣማዞን፡ ሜታ ፕላትፎርምስ (ናይ ቀደም ፌስቡክ፡ ኢንክ)፡ ከምኡ’ውን ማይክሮሶፍት እዩ። ኣፕል ብ1 ሚያዝያ 1976 ብስቲቭ ዎዝኒያክ፣ ስቲቭ ጆብስን ሮናልድ ዌይንን ዝተመስረተት ኮይና ናይ ቮዝኒያክ ኣፕል I ፐርሶናል ኮምፒተር ንምምዕባልን ንምሻጥን እያ። ብጆብስን ዎዝኒያክን ኣብ 1977 ኣፕል ኮምፒተር ኢንክ ተባሂላ ተመስሪታ።ካልአይቲ ኮምፒተር ናይቲ ኩባንያ ኣፕል II ብሉጽ መሸጣ ዘለዋን ሓንቲ ካብተን ቀዳሞት ብብዝሒ ዝፍረያ ማይክሮኮምፒዩተራትን ኮይና። ኣፕል ኣብ 1980 ንህዝቢ ወጺኣ ቅጽበታዊ ፋይናንሳዊ ዓወት ኣመዝጊባ። እቲ ኩባንያ፡ መሃዝቲ ስእላዊ መተሓላለፍቲ ተጠቀምቲ ዘለወን ኮምፒዩተራት ኣማዕቢሉ፡ እንተላይ እታ ናይ 1984 ኦሪጅናል ማኪንቶሽ፡ ኣብታ ዓመት ኣብ 1984 ኣብ ዝተባህለ ብነቐፍቲ ናእዳ ዝረኸበት መወዓውዒ ኣፍሊጣ። ዎዝኒያክ ካብ ኣፕል ንድሕሪት ተመሊሱ ካልእ ስራሕ ክሰርሕ እንከሎ፡ ጆብስ ድማ ካብ ስልጣኑ ወሪዱ ንገለ ሰራሕተኛታት ኣፕል ሒዙ ኔክስት መስሪቱ። ዕዳጋ ውልቃዊ ኮምፒዩተራት ኣብ ምሉእ 1990ታት እናሰፍሐን እናማዕበለን ምስ ከደ፡ ኣፕል በቲ ዝተሓተ ዋጋ ዘለዎ ዱዮፖሊ ናይ ማይክሮሶፍት ዊንዶውስ ኦፐሬቲንግ ሲስተም ኣብ ኢንቴል ዝሰርሑ ፒሲ ክሎናት (ብ"ዊንቴል" እውን ይፍለጥ) ርኡይ ብጽሒት ዕዳጋ ኣጥፊኣ። ኣብ 1997፡ ካብ ምኽሳር ሰሙናት ተሪፍዎ ዝነበረ፡ እቲ ኩባንያ ነቲ ዘይዕዉት ስትራተጂ ስርዓተ-ምሕደራ ኣፕል ንምፍታሕን ንጆብስ ናብቲ ኩባንያ ንምምላስን ንኔክስት ዓዲጉ። ኣብ ዝቐጸሉ ዓሰርተ ዓመታት፡ ጆብስ ንኣፕል ናብ መኽሰብ ንምምላስ ብብዙሕ ሜላታት ኣቢሉ መሪሕዎ፡ ንኣብነት ንኣይማክ፡ ኣይፖድ፡ ኣይፎንን ኣይፓድን ናብ ነቐፍቲ ናእዳ ብምትእትታው፡ "ፍልይ ዝበለ ሕሰብ" ዝብል ወፍሪ ምጅማርን ካልእ ተዘካሪ ናይ መወዓውዒ ጎስጓሳትን፡ ሰንሰለት ቸርች ኣፕል ስቶር ብምኽፋት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ፖርትፎሊዮ ፍርያት ናይቲ ኩባንያ ንምስፋሕ ብዙሓት ኩባንያታት ምግዛእ እዩ። ጆብስ ኣብ 2011 ብጥዕናዊ ምኽንያት ካብ ስልጣኑ ምስ ወረደ፡ ድሕሪ ክልተ ወርሒ ድማ ምስ ሞተ፡ ብቲም ኩክ ከም ዋና ኣካያዲ ስራሕ ተተኪኡ። ኣፕል ኣብ ነሓሰ 2018 ልዕሊ 1 ትሪልዮን ዶላር፡ ድሕሪኡ ኣብ ነሓሰ 2020 2 ትሪልዮን ዶላር፡ ኣብ ጥሪ 2022 ድማ 3 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ዝግመት ናይ መጀመርታ ብህዝቢ ዝንገድ ኣመሪካዊ ኩባንያ ኮይኑ፡ ክሳብ ሚያዝያ 2023 ኣስታት 2.6 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ዋጋ ነይርዎ። እቲ ኩባንያ ብዛዕባ ኣሰራርሓ ስራሕ ኮንትራክተራቱ፡ ኣሰራርሓ ከባቢኡን ንግዳዊ ስነ-ምግባሩን፡ እንተላይ ጸረ-ውድድር ኣሰራርሓታትን ምንጪ ንብረትን ዝምልከት ነቐፌታ ይረክብ። እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እናሃለወ እቲ ትካል ዓብዪ ተኸታታሊ ዘለዎን ልዑል ደረጃ ተኣማንነት ምልክት ንግዲ ዘለዎን እዩ። ብተወሳኺ ብቐጻሊ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣብ ዓለምና ኣዝዮም ክቡራት ምልክታት ንግዲ ተባሂሉ ተሰሪዑ ጸኒሑ እዩ። krm7araeskmsz7g4va7jzn8abkphwfq 828 6115 24237 2023-05-12T20:30:50Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «-- Return a table of statistics to be accessed once per page using mw.loadData. -- The table contains active and closed counts for each project. local function makeData() local statistics = mw.ext.data.get('Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab') -- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/meta.tab local map = {} for i, v in ipairs(statistics.schema.fields) do map[v.name] = i -- name is lowercase end local iProject = map.project local iSt...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain -- Return a table of statistics to be accessed once per page using mw.loadData. -- The table contains active and closed counts for each project. local function makeData() local statistics = mw.ext.data.get('Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab') -- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/meta.tab local map = {} for i, v in ipairs(statistics.schema.fields) do map[v.name] = i -- name is lowercase end local iProject = map.project local iStatus = map.status local nrActive = {} local nrClosed = {} for _, v in ipairs(statistics.data) do local project = v[iProject] if v[iStatus] == 'active' then nrActive[project] = (nrActive[project] or 0) + 1 else nrClosed[project] = (nrClosed[project] or 0) + 1 end end return { nrActive = nrActive, nrClosed = nrClosed, } end return makeData() qqubqj3kjwpxa0pd8aj13k8vp0bgrd4 10 6116 24243 24242 2023-05-12T21:03:01Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ዕድመ ብዓመታት፣ ኣዋርሕን መዓልታትን]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{ዕድመ ብዓመታት፣ ኣዋርሕን መዓልታትን/ምቕራጽ |መዓልታት={{#expr: {{{4|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}} - {{{1|20}}} + ({{{4|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}} < {{{1|20}}}) * {{መዓልታት ወርሒ|{{{2|5}}}|{{{3|2001}}}}} }} |ኣዋርሕ={{#expr: {{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} - {{{2|5}}} + 12 * (({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})<({{{2|5}}}) or({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})=({{{2|5}}})and({{{4|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}})<({{{1|20}}})) - 1 * ({{{4|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}} < {{{1|20}}}) }} |ዓመታት={{#expr:({{{6|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}})-({{{3|2001}}}) - (({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})<({{{2|5}}})or({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})=({{{2|5}}})and({{{4|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}})<({{{1|20}}})) }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 51u19banoq2yx7ewu03wya6gzlsdhc4 10 6117 24245 24244 2023-05-12T21:16:29Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ዕድመ ብዓመታት፣ ኣዋርሕን መዓልታትን/ምቕራጽ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq: {{{ዓመታት}}}| 0||{{{ዓመታት}}} {{#ifeq: {{{ዓመታት}}}|1|ዓመት|ዓመታት}}{{#ifeq: {{{ኣዋርሕ}}}|0||{{#ifeq: {{{መዓልታት}}}| 0|ን&nbsp;|፣&nbsp;}}}}}}{{#ifeq: {{{ኣዋርሕ}}}| 0||{{{ኣዋርሕ}}} {{#ifeq: {{{ኣዋርሕ}}}|1|ወርሒ|ኣዋርሕ}}}}{{#ifeq: {{{መዓልታት}}}|0||{{#ifeq: {{{ዓመታት}}}|0|{{#ifeq: {{{ኣዋርሕ}}}|0||ን&nbsp;}}|ን&nbsp;}}{{#ifeq: {{{መዓልታት}}}|1|1 መዓልቲ|{{{መዓልታት}}} መዓልታት}}}}ን cbamenr2l6ag1t77m8cl3g9rm07d2sd 10 6118 24247 24246 2023-05-12T21:25:58Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:መዓልታት ወርሒ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{{1|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} |ጥሪ|1|01=31 |ለካቲት|2|02={{#expr:28+{{ዝላ ዓመት እዩ|{{{2|1}}}}}}} |መጋቢት|3|03=31 |ሚያዝያ|4|04=30 |ግንቦት|5|05=31 |ሰነ|6|06=30 |ሓምለ|7|07=31 |ነሓሰ|8|08=31 |መስከረም|9|09=30 |ጥቅምቲ|10=31 |ሕዳር|11=30 |ታሕሳስ|12=31}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> j7l2d3zkp4lun448hreu3wjyv9qjk7q 10 6119 24248 2023-05-12T21:26:49Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:መዓልታት ወርሒ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:መዓልታት ወርሒ]] flrq73z125zsbwsajogwfoobax66wwy 10 6120 24250 24249 2023-05-12T21:28:17Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞደል:ዝላ ዓመት እዩ]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=ኣመሓደርቲ ጥራይ] (indefinite)) wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#time: L | 1 January {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}CURRENTYEAR}}}}} }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> rwn11jgx1rpeqjeg2fwc6eeiuozk1sy 10 6121 24251 2023-05-12T21:29:05Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ዝላ ዓመት እዩ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ዝላ ዓመት እዩ]] 1ve9pm5z2nzlw8nj5sdscmpcz1f1eu0 10 6122 24252 2023-05-12T21:29:35Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ዝላ ዓመት እዩ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ዝላ ዓመት እዩ]] 1ve9pm5z2nzlw8nj5sdscmpcz1f1eu0 0 6123 24259 24253 2023-05-15T19:51:37Z Joanmp14 5782 plural wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ዊኪፐድያ | ኣርማ = Wikipedia-logo-v2-ti.svg | ቋንቋ = [[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]] | መሰረት = {{ዝዝርግሓሉ ዕለት|24|2|2004}} | መለለዪ = ti }} '''ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ''' ሕታም ብ[[ቋንቋ ትግርኛ|ትግርኛ]] [[ዊኪፐድያ]] እዩ። ከምቲ ብኻልኦት ቋንቋታት ዝጸንሑ ሕታማት ዊኪፐድያ፣ ብ[[ናጻ ትሕዝቶ]] ዝሓዘ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ ኮይኑ፣ ኣብ [[ኢንተርነት]] ብናጻ ፍቓዳት [[CC BY-SA 3.0]]ን [[GFDL]]ን ዝሕተም እዩ። ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} ጽሑፋት ዘለዎ ኮይኑ፣ ብወለንታውያን ተጠቀምቲ ዝተጻሕፈ እዩ፣ ማለት ዝኾነ ሰብ ንሓደ ጽሑፍ ኣርቲዑ፣ ክእርሞ ወይ ከስፍሖ ይኽእል። እቶም ኣገልገልቲ ብ[[መሰረት ዊኪሜድያ]] ዝምራሕ ኮይኑ፣ እዚ [[ንመኽሰብ ዘይሰርሕ ትካል]] ኮይኑ፣ ምወላኡ ብቐንዱ ኣብ ወፈያታት ዝተመርኮሰ እዩ። ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ {{NUMBEROF|USERS|ti|N}} ተጠቀምቲ ኣለዉዎ፣ ካብዚኦም እቶም {{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|ti|N}} ንጡፋት እዮም። [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያታት ብቋንቋ|ትግርኛ]] j86uyis6umom0tn9kojqhg2v0trjx76 0 6126 24289 24258 2023-06-07T18:32:24Z Caro de Segeda 7142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ውድብ|ስም=ሳምሰንግ|መበቆላዊ_ስም=Samsung|company_type=[[ብሕታዊ]]|headquarters=[[ደቡብ ኮርያ]]|homepage={{URL|https://www.samsung.com}}|ኣርማ=Samsung headquarters.jpg}} '''ሳምሰንግ''' ግሩፕ ወይ ብቐሊሉ ሳምሰንግ፡ ዋና ቤት ጽሕፈቱ ኣብ ሳምሰንግ ታውን፡ ሴኡል፡ ደቡብ ኮርያ ዘለዎ ብዙሕ ሃገራት ዝሰርሕ ናይ ማኑፋክቸሪንግ ኮንግሎሜሬት ደቡብ ኮርያ እዩ። ብዙሓት ምትእስሳር ዘለዎም ትካላት ንግዲ ዝሓቖፈ ኮይኑ፡ መብዛሕትኦም ኣብ ትሕቲ ምልክት ሳምሰንግ ዝተጠርነፉ ኮይኖም፡ እቲ ዝዓበየ ናይ ደቡብ ኮርያ chaebol (ቢዝነስ ኮንግሎሜሬት) እዩ። ካብ 2020 ጀሚሩ ሳምሰንግ ኣብ ሻሙናይ ደረጃ ዝለዓለ ዓለማዊ ዋጋ ምልክት ንግዲ ኣለዋ። p0yifjd9twnkfj4jytkj7vsgokdmxdj 0 6127 24260 2023-05-15T20:09:07Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] 8dbai46pfdqkt00uuc6592b2hzau5kt 0 6128 24261 2023-05-15T20:09:27Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] 8dbai46pfdqkt00uuc6592b2hzau5kt 0 6129 24262 2023-05-15T20:09:56Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] 8dbai46pfdqkt00uuc6592b2hzau5kt 0 6130 24263 2023-05-15T20:12:12Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] 8dbai46pfdqkt00uuc6592b2hzau5kt 0 6131 24264 2023-05-15T20:14:15Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] 8dbai46pfdqkt00uuc6592b2hzau5kt 0 6132 24265 2023-05-15T20:15:22Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] 8dbai46pfdqkt00uuc6592b2hzau5kt 0 6133 24266 2023-05-15T20:21:32Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ]] 8dbai46pfdqkt00uuc6592b2hzau5kt 828 6134 24397 24273 2023-06-29T14:21:18Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.imageFormat( value, options, frame, qualifyings ) local Format, alignment, size, description, alternative, link if options then Format = options['image format'] alignment = options['image alignment'] size = options['image size'] description = options['image description'] alternative = options['alternative text image'] link = options['image link'] end if qualifyings and not description then local imageFooters = qualifyings.P2096 local k,imageFooter -- Find the Tigrinya footer (the one with datavalue.value.language = "ti") if imageFooters then for k,imageFooter in pairs(imageFooters) do if imageFooter.datavalue.value.language=='ti' then description = imageFooter.datavalue.value.text end end end end local result = '[[File:' .. value if Format and Format ~='' then result = result .. '|' .. Format end if alignment and alignment ~='' then result = result .. '|' .. alignment end if size and size ~='' then result = result .. '|' .. size end if alternative and alternative ~='' then result = result .. '|alt=' .. alternative end if link and link ~='' then result = result .. '|link=' .. link end if not description or description =='' then return result .. ']]' elseif Format == 'thumb' then return result .. '|' .. description .. ']]' else return result .. ']]' .. '<br /><span>' .. description .. '</span>' end end --***************************************************************************** -- Format aliases to use in the property template --***************************************************************************** p['image'] = p['imageFormat'] return p 8srzv9d8edxxri190oiibmxnmn9ux6t 0 6135 24277 2023-05-29T23:33:06Z Joanmp14 5782 new article wikitext text/x-wiki {{ሓበሬታ ምግቢ |ምስሊ = NCI Visuals Food Hamburger.jpg |መጠን ምስሊ = |ምሉእ ስም = ሃምበርገር |ቦታ መበቆል = [[ጀርመን]] ወይ [[ኣመሪካ]] (ዘካትዕ) |መቕውማት = [[ባኒ]]<br />[[ጥሑን ስጋ]] |ዕደላ = ዓለማዊ }} '''ሃምበርገር'''፣ ወይ ብቐሊሉ '''በርገር'''፣ ካብ [[ጥሑን ስጋ]] ወይ መበቆል ኣሕምልቲ ዘለዎ ስጋ ዝተሰርሐ እምቦቲቶ ኮይኑ፣ ብመልክዕ ኣብ መስለዊ ዝተበሰለ [[ቢስተካ]] ተኣሲሩ፣ ዋላ እኳ ክጥበስ እውን ይኽእል እንተኾነ። ኣብ ክልተ ተኸፋፊሉ እንቋቝሖ ወይ ክቡብ ቅርጺ ዘለዎ ቀሊል [[ባኒ]] እዩ ዝቐርብ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብ[[ቀለቤታት ሽጉርቲ]]፣ ቆጽሊ [[ሰላጣ]]፣ ውሑዳት ቁራጽ [[ኮሚደረ]]፣ ቁራጽ [[ጥርሺ|ጥርሽ]]ን [[ቅልዋ ድንሽ]]ን ይስነ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብገለ መቓምምቲ ከም [[ኬቻፕ]]፣ [[ኣድሪ]]፣ [[ረሊሽ]] ወይ [[ማዮኔዝ]]ን ካልእን ይቕመም። ሓደ ንጣብ [[ዝተመስርሐ ፎርማጆ]] ኣብ ዝተቐመጠሉ እዋን፣ [[ቺዝበርገር]] ይኸውን። i4uo1daobztzg9dum65k5x2zvnn6vxl 0 6136 24278 2023-05-29T23:36:10Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሃምበርገር]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሃምበርገር]] 0rvjs0yuxe9pujinmpbdmadykk1gxhf 0 6137 24282 2023-05-31T06:43:09Z Caro de Segeda 7142 ገጽ ምስ «'''ሊንጓ ፍራንካ ኖቫ''' (“ኤሊፈን”) ብፍላይ ንኣህጉራዊ ርክባት ቀሊልን ቅኑዕን ንኽትመሃሮ ቀሊልን ክኸውን ዝተዳለወ ቋንቋ እዩ። ሓያሎ ኣወንታዊ ባህርያት ኣለዎ፦ # ውሱን ቁጽሪ ድምጽታት ኣለዎ። ምስ ናይ ጥልያን ወይ ስጳንኛ ዝመሳሰል ድምጺ ኣለዎ። # ከምቲ ዝድመጽ እዩ ዝጽሓፍ። ዝኾነ ቆ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሊንጓ ፍራንካ ኖቫ''' (“ኤሊፈን”) ብፍላይ ንኣህጉራዊ ርክባት ቀሊልን ቅኑዕን ንኽትመሃሮ ቀሊልን ክኸውን ዝተዳለወ ቋንቋ እዩ። ሓያሎ ኣወንታዊ ባህርያት ኣለዎ፦ # ውሱን ቁጽሪ ድምጽታት ኣለዎ። ምስ ናይ ጥልያን ወይ ስጳንኛ ዝመሳሰል ድምጺ ኣለዎ። # ከምቲ ዝድመጽ እዩ ዝጽሓፍ። ዝኾነ ቆልዓ ዘይስሩዕ ነገራት ክመሃር ዓመታት ከሕልፍ የብሉን። # ልክዕ ከምቲ ናይ ዓለምና ክርዮል ቋንቋታት፣ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ስሩዕ ሰዋስው ኣለዎ። # ሓደሽቲ ቃላት ንምፍጣር ውሱንን ፍጹም ስሩዕን ስርዓት ኣፍረይቲ ጥብቆታት ኣለዎ። # ምስ ብዙሓት ዓበይቲ ቋንቋታት ዝሰማማዕ፣ ንመስርዕ ቃላት ብጽቡቕ ዝተነጸረ ሕግታት ኣለዎ። # ምሉእ ብምሉእ ኣብ ዘመናዊ ቋንቋታት ሮማንስ ዝተመርኮሰ ዝርዝር ቃላት ኣለዎ። እዞም ቋንቋታት እዚኦም ብሰፊሑ፣ ኣዝዮም ጽልዋ ዘለዎምን ኣብ መብዛሕትኡ ስነ-ቓላት እንግሊዝኛ ኣበርክቶ ገይሮምን እዮም። # ሓደሽቲ ናይ ላቲንን ግሪኽን ቴክኒካዊ ቃላት ብተፈጥሮኣዊ መንገዲ ንምቕባል ዝተዳለወ እዩ፣ እቲ ብተግባር “ዓለማዊ ደረጃ”። # ንኻልኦት ንኽመሃርዎ ዝያዳ ከየጸገሞም፣ ነቶም ምስ ቋንቋታት ሮማንስ ዝፋለጡ ብተዛማዲ “ተፈጥሮኣዊ” ንኽመስሎም ዝተዳለወ እዩ። jbu55nsi5g3pl87lqwc5jhhcpwivy7z 0 6139 24288 24286 2023-06-07T18:31:16Z Caro de Segeda 7142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Casey Simpson (cropped).jpg|197px|right]] ኬሲ ዌስት ሲምፕሰን ኣሜሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብታ ኒከሎዲዮን እትብል ሲትኮም ኒኪ፡ ሪኪ፡ ዲኪ ኤንድ ዳውን ንሪኪ ሃርፐር ብምጽዋት ዝፍለጥ እዩ። መስሓቕ ገጸ ባህርያት ብምጽዋት ፍሉጥ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ድራማዊ መደባት ቲቪ እውን ተዋሲኡ እዩ። ካብ ኣዝዩ ንእስነቱ ጀሚሩ ተዋሳኣይ ኮይኑ ጸኒሑ። 93s8q2figz8x4msk4ysw1m00ts28ogw 0 6142 24331 24297 2023-06-21T22:06:39Z 210.232.14.171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KINTETSU23000 20140124B.jpg|thumb|300px|]] '''ኪንተትሱ'''(近鉄,Kintetsu) ኣብ ካንሳይን ቹቡን ዝርከብ [[ጃፓን|ጃፓናዊ]] ናይ ብሕቲ ኩባንያ ባቡር እዩ ። ድምር ንውሓት መስመራት ኪንተትሱ 501.2 ኪ.ሜ. ካብ ኩለን ኩባንያታት ባቡር ጃፓን ዝነውሐት ኮይና፡ ናይ JR Group ኣይኮነትን ። [[Category:ኪዮቶ|*]] mi9d1ghdcay4bj08tbi0nmx4kklpmz5 0 6143 24332 24298 2023-06-21T22:07:17Z 210.232.14.171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kiyomizu-dera, Kyoto, November 2016 -02.jpg|thumb|300px|]] '''ኪዮሚዙ-ደራ''' ( [[ጃፓንኛ]] :清水寺ማለት ማይ ፈልፋሊ ወይ ጽሩይ ማይ ) ኣብ [[ኪዮቶ]] [[ጃፓን]] ዝርከብ ፍሉጥ ጥንታዊ ቤተ መቕደስ ቡድሃ እዩ ። ኣብያተ መቕደስ ብኢሱሚ (ቺባ) ፣ ሚያማ (ፉኩኦካ) ፣ ከምኡውን ያሱጊ (ሺማነ) እውን ተመሳሳሊ ስም ኣለወን ። ነፍሲ ወከፎም ኣብ ዘመነ ሄያን ዝተመስረቱ ’ ዮም ። እዚ ኣብ ኪዮቶ ዝርከብ ኣካል ናይቲ ዩኔስኮ ቅርሲ ዓለም ዝኾነ ታሪኻዊ ሓወልትታት ጥንታዊት ኪዮቶ እዩ ። እቲ ቤተ መቕደስ ኣብ ዓመት 778 ተመስሪቱ።እቶም ሕጂ ዘለዉ ህንጻታት ብ1633 ኣብ እዋን ፕሮጀክት ጽገና ብሾጉን ቶኩጋዋ ኢኤሚኩ ዝተሃንጹ እዮም ። ኣብ ዝበዝሕ ህላወኡ እቲ ቤተ መቕደስ ናይ ቡድሃዊ ኑፋቄ Hossō , ኣብ 1965 ግን ናጻ ኮይኑ ሕጂ ድማ ኑፋቄኡ "Kitahossō" ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ። [[Category:ኪዮቶ|*]] aphacbta58leqs00oaa5wlxrchp5lvk 828 6147 24307 2023-06-17T23:49:36Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «local p = {} --[[ ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all isbn/issn digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in checkisbn(). If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, issbn/issn must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-isxn characters. ]] -- Function taken from en:Module:Citation/CS1 function p.isValidISXN (isxn_str, len) local temp = 0; isxn_str = { isxn_str...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local p = {} --[[ ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all isbn/issn digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in checkisbn(). If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, issbn/issn must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-isxn characters. ]] -- Function taken from en:Module:Citation/CS1 function p.isValidISXN (isxn_str, len) local temp = 0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) }; -- make a table of bytes len = len+1; -- adjust to be a loop counter for i, v in ipairs( isxn_str ) do -- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum if v == string.byte( "X" ) then -- if checkdigit is X temp = temp + 10*( len - i ); -- it represents 10 decimal else temp = temp + tonumber( string.char(v) )*(len-i); end end return temp % 11 == 0; -- returns true if calculation result is zero end -- Adaptation of the checkisbn function from en:Module:Citation/CS1 function p.isValidISBN(isbn) -- The isbn only contains numbers, hyphens, blank spaces, and the check -- digit X. if not isbn or isbn:match("[^%s-0-9X]") then return false end -- Remove hyphens and whitespace isbn = isbn:gsub( "-", "" ):gsub( " ", "" ) local length = isbn:len() if length == 10 then -- The X can only go at the end. if not isbn:match( "^%d*X?$" ) then return false end return p.isValidISXN(isbn, 10); elseif length == 13 then -- isbn13 local temp = 0; -- Must start with 978 or 979 if not isbn:match( "^97[89]%d*$" ) then return false end -- Check the check digit isbn = { isbn:byte(1, length) }; for i, v in ipairs( isbn ) do temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber( string.char(v) ); end return temp % 10 == 0; else return false end end -- Function that returns a link to the ISBN if it is correct and if not (for example if -- it is already linked) it returns it without further ado. -- By default, the literal ISBN is not included in front. function p.linkISBN(isbn, options) if p.isValidISBN(isbn) then return '[[Special:BookSources/' .. isbn .. '|' .. isbn .. ']]' else return isbn end end function p.linkOCLC(oclc, options) if tonumber(oclc) then return '[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/' .. oclc .. ' ' .. oclc .. ']' else return oclc end end return p l87pp3pysepverm3ronv365qpjdfleg 828 6148 24396 24328 2023-06-29T14:17:59Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Functions of other modules local moduleTables = require('Module:Tables') local tableElement = moduleTables.element local moduleWikidata = require('Module:Wikidata') local formatIdEntityWikidata = moduleWikidata.formatIdEntity local moduleWikidataFormats = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats') local toLink = moduleWikidataFormats.toLink local getData = moduleWikidataFormats.getData local formatPeriodWikidata = moduleWikidataFormats.periodFormat local degrees = { ['Q163727'] = {abbreviation = 'ዲግሪ', link = 'መዓርግ ዲግሪ'}, -- Bachelor ['Q1765120'] = {abbreviation = 'B.A.', link = 'Bachelor of Arts'}, ['Q2878277'] = {abbreviation = 'B.F.A.', link = 'Bachelor of Fine Arts'}, ['Q798137'] = {abbreviation = 'B.L.', link = 'Bachelor of Laws'}, ['Q787674'] = {abbreviation = 'B.S.', link = 'Bachelor of Science'}, ['Q749020'] = {abbreviation = 'ዲግሪ', link = 'ዲግሪ'}, ['Q691532'] = {abbreviation = 'ዲግሪ ሕጊ', link = 'ዲግሪ ሕጊ'}, ['Q183816'] = {abbreviation = 'ማስተር', link = 'ማስተር'}, ['Q2091008'] = {abbreviation = 'M.A.', link = 'Master of Arts'}, ['Q191701'] = {abbreviation = 'M.B.A.', link = 'ማስተር ምምሕዳር ንግዲ'}, ['Q4175466'] = {abbreviation = 'M.F.A.', link = 'ማስተር ጽቡቕ ስነ ጥበብ'}, ['Q950900'] = {abbreviation = 'M.S.', link = 'Master of Science'}, ['Q849697'] = {abbreviation = 'ዶ/ር', link = 'ዶክተርነት'}, ['Q4618975'] = {abbreviation = 'ዶ/ር', link = 'ዶክተርነት'}, -- doctor ['Q3033550'] = {abbreviation = 'ዶ/ር', link = 'ዶክተርነት (ፈረንሳ)'}, ['Q959320'] = {abbreviation = 'Doc. of Law', link = 'Doctor of Law'}, ['Q1540185'] = {abbreviation = 'J.D.', link = 'Juris Doctor'}, ['Q6518699'] = {abbreviation = 'L.L.D.', link = 'LLD'}, ['Q913404'] = {abbreviation = 'M.D.', link = 'ዶክተር ኣብ ሕክምና'}, ['Q752297'] = {abbreviation = 'Ph.D.',link = 'Philosophiæ doctor'}, } local specialties = { ['Q222749'] = {label = 'ተዋስኦ', link = 'ተዋስኦ'}, ['Q12271'] = {label = 'ስነ ህንጻ', link = 'ስነ ህንጻ'}, ['Q21198'] = {label = 'ስነ ፍልጠት ኮምፕዩተር', link = 'ስነ ፍልጠት ኮምፕዩተር'}, ['Q7748'] = {label = 'መሰል', link = 'መሰል'}, ['Q4932206'] = {label = 'ስነ ሕጊ', link = 'ስነ ሕጊ'}, ['Q382995'] = {label = 'ስነ ፍልጠት ሕጊ', link = 'ስነ ፍልጠት ሕጊ'}, ['Q8134'] = {label = 'ስነ ቑጠባ', link = 'ስነ ቑጠባ'}, ['Q5891'] = {label = 'ፍልስፍና', link = 'ፍልስፍና'}, ['Q413'] = {label = 'ፊዚክስ', link = 'ፊዚክስ'}, ['Q309'] = {label = 'ታሪኽ', link = 'ታሪኽ'}, ['Q395'] = {label = 'ሕሳብ', link = 'ሕሳብ'}, ['Q11190'] = {label = 'ሕክምና', link = 'ሕክምና'}, ['Q11030'] = {label = 'ጋዜጠኝነት', link = 'ጋዜጠኝነት'}, ['Q36442'] = {label = 'ፖለቲካዊ ስነ ፍልጠት', link = 'ፖለቲካዊ ስነ ፍልጠት'}, ['Q9418'] = {label = 'ስነ ኣእምሮ', link = 'ስነ ኣእምሮ'}, ['Q2329'] = {label = 'ስነ ቀመም', link = 'ስነ ቀመም'}, ['Q21201'] = {label = 'ስነ ማሕበረሰብ', link = 'ስነ ማሕበረሰብ'}, ['Q34178'] = {label = 'ስነ መለኮት', link = 'ስነ መለኮት'}, } function p.formatEducatedIn(value, options, frame, qualifyings) -- A function that returns for a place of education, such as Harvard University. -- -- Internal functions -- function getDegree(degreeId, options) if not degreeId then return end local degree = degrees[degreeId] if degree then return toLink(degree.link, degree.abbreviation, degreeId,options) else -- In case the degree is not one of the degrees of the internal table return formatIdEntityWikidata(degreeId, options) end end function getSpecialization(specialtyId, options) if not specialtyId then return end local specialty = specialties[specialtyId] if specialty then return toLink(specialty.link, specialty.label, specialtyId,options) else -- In case the specialty is not one of the specialties of the internal table return formatIdEntityWikidata(specialtyId, options) end -- Half return formatIdEntityWikidata(specialtyId, options) end -- Variables if not value then return end -- Get data local educationPlaceLink, educationPlaceLabel, educationPlaceEntityId = getData(value) local educationPlace = toLink(educationPlaceLink, educationPlaceLabel, educationPlaceEntityId,options) if not educationPlace then return end -- Degrees local degree local degreesStatement = tableElement(qualifyings,'P512') if degreesStatement then local degrees = {} local degreeId for k, v in pairs(degreesStatement) do degreeId = tableElement(v,'datavalue','value','id') if degreeId then table.insert(degrees, getDegree(degreeId, options)) end end degree = mw.text.listToText( degrees, '፣ ', ' ከምኡ’ውን ' ) end -- Specialization local specialization local specializationsStatement = tableElement(qualifyings,'P812') if specializationsStatement then local specializations = {} local specializationId for k, v in pairs(specializationsStatement) do specializationId = tableElement(v,'datavalue','value','id') if specializationId then table.insert(specializations, getSpecialization(specializationId, options)) end end specialization = mw.text.listToText( specializations, '፣ ', ' ከምኡ’ውን ' ) end -- Add the specialization to the degree local specializationDegree if degree and specialization then specializationDegree = degree .. ' ኣብ ' .. specialization else specializationDegree = degree or specialization end local period = formatPeriodWikidata(qualifyings, options) -- Cases -- if specializationDegree and period then return educationPlace .. '&nbsp;<small>(' .. specializationDegree .. '፤ ' .. period .. ')</small>' elseif specializationDegree then return educationPlace .. '&nbsp;<small>(' .. specializationDegree .. ')</small>' elseif period then return educationPlace .. '&nbsp;<small>(' .. period .. ')</small>' else return educationPlace end --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(qualifyings) end -- Tests end -- Aliases for ease of use from the template property -- p['ዝተማህረ ኣብ'] = p.formatEducatedIn return p cg2j58kba40e43pok04lwe9ccpos9n8 828 6149 24318 2023-06-20T01:07:10Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «local p = {} local ti = mw.language.new('ti') local tableElement = require('Module:Tables').element local toLink = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').toLink local round = require('Module:Math')._round -- Constants local units = { ['Q794261'] = { ['label'] = 'ኩቢክ ሜተር ኣብ ካልኢት', ['abbreviation'] = 'ኩቢክ ሜተር ኣብ ካልኢት', ['unit change'] = { }, ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q25343'] = { ['lab...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local ti = mw.language.new('ti') local tableElement = require('Module:Tables').element local toLink = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').toLink local round = require('Module:Math')._round -- Constants local units = { ['Q794261'] = { ['label'] = 'ኩቢክ ሜተር ኣብ ካልኢት', ['abbreviation'] = 'ኩቢክ ሜተር ኣብ ካልኢት', ['unit change'] = { }, ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q25343'] = { ['label'] = 'ትርብዒት ሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ትርብዒት ሜተር', ['unit change'] = { {'Q712226', 1000000, '>'}, -- ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ. {'Q35852', 10000, '>'} -- ሄክታር }, ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q712226'] = { ['label'] = 'ትርብዒት ኪሎሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ.', ['conversionSI'] = { 1000000, 'Q25343'}, -- 1 ትርብዒት ኪ.ሜ. = 1000 000 ትርብዒት ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q35852'] = { ['label'] = 'ሄክታር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ሄክታር', ['conversionSI'] = {10000, 'Q25343'}, -- 1 ሄክታር = 10.000 ትርብዒት ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q81292'] = { ['label'] = 'ኤክር', ['link'] = 'ኤክር', ['plural'] = 'ኤክራት', ['conversionSI'] = { 4046.8564224, 'Q25343'} -- 1 ኤክር = 4046,8564224 ትርብዒት ሜተር }, ['Q232291'] = { ['label'] = 'ትርብዒት ማይል', ['abbreviation'] = 'ትርብዒት ማይል', ['conversionSI'] = {2589988.110336, 'Q25343'} -- 1 ትርብዒት ማይል = 2 589 988,110336 ትርብዒት ሜተር }, ['Q216795'] = { ['label'] = 'ዱናም', ['conversionSI'] = {1000, 'Q25343'} }, ['Q23931109'] = { ['label'] = 'ሜትሪክ ዱናም', ['conversionSI'] = {1000, 'Q25343'} }, -- Length units ['Q11573'] = { ['label'] = 'ሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ሜተር', ['unit change'] = { {'Q828224', 1000, '>'}, -- ኪሎሜተር }, ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q1811'] = { ['label'] = 'ስነ ኮኾባዊ ኣሃዱ', ['abbreviation'] = 'ስነ ኮኾባዊ ኣሃዱ', ['conversionSI'] = { 149597870691, 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ስነ ኮኾባዊ ኣሃዱ = 149 597 870 691 ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q12129'] = { ['label'] = 'ፓርሰክ', ['abbreviation'] = 'ፓርሰክ', ['conversionSI'] = {30856775814913672.7891393795779647161073192116040917980140401922770232921869992968698321353388065559933270120238005882778325, 'Q11573'}, ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q531'] = { ['label'] = 'ዓመት ብርሃን', --['abbreviation'] = 'mi', ['plural'] = 'ዓመታት ብርሃን', ['conversionSI'] = {9460730472580800 , 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ዓመት ብርሃን = 9460730472580800 ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q93318'] = { ['label'] = 'ማይል ባሕሪ', --['abbreviation'] = 'mi', ['conversionSI'] = {1852 , 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ማይል ባሕሪ = 1852 ሜተር --['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q253276'] = { ['label'] = 'ማይል', ['abbreviation'] = 'ማይል', ['conversionSI'] = {1609.344, 'Q11573'} -- 1 ማይል = 1609,344 ሜተር }, ['Q828224'] = { ['label'] = 'ኪሎሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ኪ.ሜ.', ['conversionSI'] = { 1000, 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ኪሎሜተር = 1000 ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q3710'] = { ['label'] = 'ጫማ', --['abbreviation'] = 'ft', ['conversionSI'] = {0.3048006, 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ጫማ = 0,3048006 ሜተር ['link'] = 'ጫማ (ኣሃዱ)', }, ['Q218593'] = { ['label'] = 'ኢንች', --['abbreviation'] = 'in', ['conversionSI'] = {0.0254, 'Q11573'} -- 1 ኢንች = 0,0254 ሜተር }, ['Q174728'] = { ['label'] = 'ሰንቲሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ሰንቲሜተር', ['conversionSI'] = {0.01, 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ሰንቲሜተር = 0.01 ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q174789'] = { ['label'] = 'ሚሊሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ሚሊሜተር', ['conversionSI'] = {0.001, 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ሚሊሜተር = 0.001 ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q175821'] = { ['label'] = 'ማይክሮሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ማይክሮሜተር', ['conversionSI'] = {0.000001, 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ማይክሮሜተር = 0.000001 ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, ['Q178674'] = { ['label'] = 'ናኖሜተር', ['abbreviation'] = 'ናኖሜተር', ['conversionSI'] = {0.000000001, 'Q11573'}, -- 1 ናኖሜተር = 0,000000001 ሜተር ['unit SI'] = true, }, -- Mass units ['Q11570'] = { ['label'] = 'ኪሎግራም', ['abbreviation'] = 'ኪሎግራም', --['unit change'] = { -- {'Q828224', 1000, '>'}, -- ኪሎግራም --}, ['unit SI'] = true, }, } local function formatMagnitude(amount, unit, options) if not unitConversion and unit['unit change'] then for k, v in pairs( unit['unit change'] ) do if amount >= v[2] then return formatMagnitude(amount / v[2], units[v[1]], options) end end end --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(options) end local precision = options['precision'] or 2 unit.link = unit.link or unit.label --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(options) end -- Round to two decimal places, format and add the linked unit if applicable if unit.abbreviation then return ti:formatNum(round(amount, precision)) .. '&nbsp;' .. toLink(unit.link, unit.abbreviation, nil, options) elseif amount == 1 or not unit.plural then return ti:formatNum(round(amount, precision)) .. '&nbsp;' .. toLink(unit.link, unit.label, nil, options) else return ti:formatNum(round(amount, precision)) .. '&nbsp;' .. toLink(unit.link, unit.plural, nil, options) end end function p.showValue(value, originalUnit, options) if not value then return end if not originalUnit then return value end options = options or {} --if true then return value end local originalUnitData = units[originalUnit] if not originalUnitData then originalUnitData = {} local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(originalUnit) --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(entity) end originalUnitData.label = tableElement(entity, 'labels', 'ti', 'value') originalUnitData.link = tableElement(entity, 'sitelinks', 'tiwiki', 'title') originalUnitData.conversionSI = { [1]=tonumber((tableElement(entity,'claims','P2370',1,'mainsnak','datavalue','value','amount'):gsub('+','') or '')) , [2]=tableElement(entity,'claims','P2370',1,'mainsnak','datavalue','value','unit'):gsub('^.-/(Q%d+)$', '%1') } --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(originalUnitData) end end --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(options) end local conversionSI = originalUnitData.conversionSI if options.unitConversion and options.unitConversion ~= '' then elseif not conversionSI then return formatMagnitude(tonumber(value), originalUnitData, options) elseif conversionSI and originalUnitData['unit SI'] then return formatMagnitude(tonumber(value) * conversionSI[1], units[conversionSI[2]], options) else return formatMagnitude(tonumber(value), originalUnitData, options) .. ' (' .. formatMagnitude(tonumber(value) * conversionSI[1], units[conversionSI[2]], options) .. ')' end end function p.show(frame) local args = frame.args return p.showValue(args[1], args[2], {unitConversion=args[3], ['precision']=args[4], disp=args.disp,link=args.link}) end return p suxu75r7uul1pnlc19dna2nbmffkh91 828 6150 24319 2023-06-20T01:34:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «local p = {} function p.magnitudeFormat(value, options) if not value or not value.amount then return end local unitId = value.unit:match('^.-/(Q%d+)$') local amount = tonumber(value.amount:gsub('+','') or '') if not unitId or not amount then return end return require('Module:Convert').showValue(amount, unitId, options) end function p.periodicityFormat(value, options, frame) local result --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tost...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.magnitudeFormat(value, options) if not value or not value.amount then return end local unitId = value.unit:match('^.-/(Q%d+)$') local amount = tonumber(value.amount:gsub('+','') or '') if not unitId or not amount then return end return require('Module:Convert').showValue(amount, unitId, options) end function p.periodicityFormat(value, options, frame) local result --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(value) end local function noSign(value) if value and value:sub(1,1) == '+' then return value:sub(2,value:len()) else return value end end if value.unit == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5151' then if value.amount == '+1' then result = 'ወርሓዊ' elseif value.amount == '+2' then result = 'ኣብ ክልተ ወርሒ' elseif value.amount == '+3' then result = 'ኣብ ሰለስተ ዓመት' elseif value.amount == '+4' then result = 'ኣብ ርብዒ ዓመት' elseif value.amount == '+6' then result = 'ኣብ ሽዱሽተ ወርሒ' else result = 'ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ' .. noSign(value.amount) .. ' ኣዋርሕ' end elseif value.unit == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q23387' then if value.amount == '+1' then result = 'ሰሙናዊ' elseif value.amount == '+2' then result = 'ኣብ ክልተ ሰሙን' else result = 'ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ' .. noSign(value.amount) .. ' ሰሙናት' end elseif value.unit == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q577' then if value.amount == '+1' then result = 'ዓመታዊ' else result = 'ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ' .. noSign(value.amount) .. ' ዓመታት' end elseif value.unit == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q573' then if value.amount == '+1' then result = 'መዓልታዊ' else result = 'ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ' .. noSign(value.amount) .. ' መዓልታት' end elseif value.unit == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3955006' then if value.amount == '+1' then result = 'ኣብ ሽዱሽተ ወርሒ' else result = 'ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ' .. noSign(value.amount) .. ' መንፈቕ' end else if value.amount == '+1' then result = 'ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ' .. value.unit else result = 'ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ' .. noSign(value.amount) .. ' ' .. value.unit end end if result and options and options['uppercase'] == 'yes' then return mw.language.new('ti'):ucfirst(result) else return result end end -- Alias to simplify use from the template property, for example: -- {{Property|P2048)|data type=height}} -- p['height'] = p.magnitudeFormat p['área'] = p.magnitudeFormat p['magnitude'] = p.magnitudeFormat p['periodicity'] = p.periodicityFormat return p lwgfeplriu4uf48h7dev1vfwhuyxmyl 828 6151 24320 2023-06-20T14:05:51Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «local p = {} local toLink = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').toLink local getData = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').getData function p.movementFormat(value, options, frame, qualifiers) -- Function that returns for a movement, for example "Music of the Baroque" "Baroque". if not value or not value.id then return end local link, label, entityId local movement = movements[value.id] if movement then -- The movement is in the table of mov...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local toLink = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').toLink local getData = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats').getData function p.movementFormat(value, options, frame, qualifiers) -- Function that returns for a movement, for example "Music of the Baroque" "Baroque". if not value or not value.id then return end local link, label, entityId local movement = movements[value.id] if movement then -- The movement is in the table of movements link = movement.link label = movement.label entityId = value.id else -- Use the Wikidata link and tag link, label, entityId = getData(value) end return toLink(link, label, entityId, options) end -- Aliases for ease of use from the template property -- p['movement'] = p.movementFormat return p 3hztyw63hxmdk9oq8yi7f4os2gugcaw 828 6153 24394 24393 2023-06-29T12:57:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Undo revision [[Special:Diff/24393|24393]] by [[Special:Contributions/Joanmp14|Joanmp14]] ([[User talk:Joanmp14|talk]]) Scribunto text/plain local z = {} local arguments -- Table of arguments with which the function is called local argument={} -- Arguments, not counting those with no data local Entity -- Table with the data in Wikidata of the person. local somePropertyLinkWikidata -- For some property there is neither the label nor the link showing something of the form d:... local getDataWikidata -- true if data should be obtained from Wikidata -- External modules and functions local ModuleTime = require('Module:Time') local age = ModuleTime.age local ModuleInfobox = require('Module:Infobox') local ModuleTextFormat = require('Module:Text format') local inMultipleLines = ModuleTextFormat.inMultipleLines local inBrackets = ModuleTextFormat.inBrackets local ModuleIdentifiers = require('Module:Identifiers') local ModulePage = require('Module:Page') local ModuleWikidataFormats = require('Module:Wikidata/Formats') local URLFormat = ModuleWikidataFormats.URLFormat local periodFormat = ModuleWikidataFormats.periodFormat local idFormat = ModuleWikidataFormats.idFormat local ModuleWikidata = require('Module:Wikidata') local wikidataPencil = ModuleWikidata.addLinkback local categorizeWikidata = ModuleWikidata.categorize local getPropertyWikidata = ModuleWikidata.getProperty local tableElement = require('Module:Tables').element local toLinkURL = require('Module:URL').toLink local withoutFlag = require('Module:Flag').withoutFlag -- Constants local inUppercase = {['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} local inUppercaseO = {['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['conjunction']=' ወይ ', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} local notOrderedList = {['list'] = 'not ordered', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} --, ['mustExist'] = 'yes' --local place = {['conjunction']=' ወይ ', ['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Place format', ['value-function'] = 'placeFormat', ['linkback']='yes'} local mustExist = {['mustExist'] = 'yes', ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} local withPeriod = {['list'] = 'not ordered', ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['qualifying'] = periodFormat, toOrder='ብዕለት', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} local withPeriodMustExist = {['list'] = 'not ordered', ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['qualifying'] = periodFormat, toOrder='ብዕለት', ['mustExist'] = 'yes', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} local withoutLinkup = {['link']='no', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} local withoutPencil = {['highestRank'] = 'yes'} local normal = {['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'} -- Formats according to the type of header local formats={ ['ብንቡር'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#FFF'}, ['inherit'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000'}, --['ተዋሳኢ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = ''}, ['ተጻዋታይ ቸስ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#d38d47;color:#FFF'}, ['ስነ ጥበበኛ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#FFF'}, ['ጠፈርተኛ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:transparent;'}, ['መዚ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:transparent;', ['sectionsTitleStyle'] ='background-color:#E6E6FA;'}, ['ሲነማ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#f9e999'}, ['ነዳፊ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#ED8;color:#000'}, ['ጸሓፊ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#4c6099;color:#FFF'}, ['ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#CC8;color:#000'}, ['ወተሃደራዊ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#b0c4de;color:#000'}, ['ሞደል'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#9F9;color:#000'}, -- -- Music -- ['ደራፊ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#f0e68c'}, -- Soloist of Template:Music artist sheet/Color selection ['ሙዚቀኛ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#F4BF92'}, -- non-vocal_instrumentalist (members of non-vocal groups, as well as instrumental soloists and conductors) ['ካልእ ሙዚቃ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#BFE0BF'}, -- other_staff (producers, composers, engineers) -- ['ሃይማኖታዊ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#ffde00; color:#000'}, ['ጋዜጠኛ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#ED8;color:#000'}, ['ተለቪዥን'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#ED8;color:#000'}, ['ተዋጋኢ ብዕራይ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color: #800000; color: white'}, ['ጸወታ ቪድዮ'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#CCF;color:#000'}, ['ዩትዩበር'] = {['infoboxTitleStyle'] = 'background-color:#B60000;color:#fff'}, } local name = '' function isodate(x) return x.time end function z.Infobox(frame) ModuleWikidata:setFrame(frame) --It doesn't work if you put ModuleWikidata.setFrame(frame) -- Get a copy of the arguments by removing the arguments with no value -- and leaving those with the value "no" blank (but not nil) argument = getArgumentsWithValue(frame) -- Do not put local. It's global. --Determine whether to get data from Wikidata if argument['wikidata'] == 'no' and (argument['ዕለተ ሞት'] or argument['ቦታ ሞት'] or argument['ዝጠፍኣሉ ዕለት'] or argument['ዝጠፍኣሉ ቦታ'] ) then getDataWikidata = false Entity = nil else getDataWikidata = true -- Get the data of the page where the Wikidata infobox is inserted. Entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(argument['id']) or {} end --Determine data for the infobox local education = argument['ትምህርቲ'] or property('P512',withoutLinkup) local almamater = argument['ኣደ ቤት ትምህርቲ'] or argument['ኣደ_ቤት_ትምህርቲ'] or argument['ኣደቤትትምህርቲ'] or argument['ኣልማ ማተር'] or argument['ኣልማ_ማተር'] or argument['ኣልማማተር'] or argument['alma mater'] or argument['alma_mater'] or argument['almamater'] or property('P69', { ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['list'] = 'not ordered', ['value-function']='ዝተማህረ ኣብ', ['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Education formats', ['toOrder'] = 'ብዕለት', ['linkback']='yes'}) local gender = property('P21', {['link']='no', ['linkback']='no'}) if gender == 'ጓል ኣንስተይቲ' or gender == 'ስግረ ጾተኛ ሰበይቲ' then labelActiveYears = 'ዓመታት ንጥፍቲ' labelKnownBy = 'ፍልጥቲ&nbsp;ብ' labelInfluences = 'ዝተጸልወት ብ' labelchampion = '[[ሻምፕዮንነት ዓለም ቸስ|ሻምፕዮን ዓለም]]' labelStudentOf = 'ተማሃሪት ናይ' labelEducatedIn = 'ዝተማህረት ኣብ' functionOccupation = formatOccupationFemale labelReveredIn = 'ዝኽበረት ኣብ' else labelActiveYears = 'ዓመታት ንጡፍ' labelKnownBy = 'ፍሉጥ&nbsp;ብ' labelInfluences = 'ዝተጸልወ ብ' labelchampion = '[[ሻምፕዮንነት ዓለም ቸስ|ሻምፕዮን ዓለም]]' labelStudentOf = 'ተማሃራይ ናይ' labelEducatedIn = 'ዝተማህረ ኣብ' functionOccupation = formatOccupationMale labelReveredIn = 'ዝኽበር ኣብ' end --In principle it is not shown for actors. --artisticsection='ስነ ጥበባዊ ሞያ' -- Generate the offices local thereAreOffices local officesTable = {type='section'} if argument['ስልጣን'] then thereAreOffices = true table.insert(officesTable, {'', '<hr>'}) table.insert(officesTable, generateoffice(argument,1,frame)) argument['ቅድሚኡዝነበረ']= nil argument['ቅድሚኣዝነበረት']= nil argument['ተካኢ']= nil argument['ተካኢት']= nil end for i=2, 10 do if argument['ስልጣን'..i] or argument['ምጅማር'..i] then thereAreOffices = true table.insert(officesTable, generateoffice(argument,i,frame)) end end -- Occupancy and area are only obtained from Wikidata if the occupancy and area fields are not reported. -- This is because for artists you can have in Wikidata as occupation "painter and sculptor" and -- have the area reported as "painting and sculpture". local occupation = argument['ስራሕ'] or argument['ሞያ'] local area = argument['ቦታ'] or argument['ፍሉይ ሞያ'] or argument['ፍሉይነት'] or argument['ዓውድታት'] if not occupation and not area then occupation = property('P106', {['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['value-function']=functionOccupation, ['qualifying'] = periodFormat, ['linkback']='yes'}) area = property('P101', inUppercase) -- Work field end local occupationOrArea = occupation or area name = argument['ስም'] or argument['ሽም'] or ModulePage.pageName({disambiguate='yes'}) local full_name = argument['ምሉእ ስም'] local birth_name = argument['ስም ልደት'] or property('P1477') local birth_name_without_pencil = argument['ስም ልደት'] or property('P1477', withoutPencil) -- Name in native script. -- Only displayed if it does not match the name or birth name or full name local nativeNames={type='section'} local nativeName, nativeNameText, nativeNameLanguage if argument['መበቆላዊ ስም'] then if argument['መበቆላዊ ስም'] ~= name and argument['መበቆላዊ ስም'] ~= birth_name_without_pencil and argument['መበቆላዊ ስም'] ~= full_name then table.insert(nativeNames,{'መበቆላዊ ስም', argument['መበቆላዊ ስም']}) end elseif Entity then -- In the case of obtaining from Wikidata there may be several native names local statement = tableElement(Entity, 'claims','P1559') if statement then for k,v in pairs(statement) do nativeName = tableElement(v, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value') if nativeName then nativeNameText = nativeName.text nativeNameLanguage = nativeName.language if nativeNameText and nativeNameLanguage and nativeNameText ~= name and nativeNameText ~= birth_name_without_pencil and nativeNameText ~= full_name then table.insert(nativeNames, { 'ስም ብ' .. mw.language.fetchLanguageName(nativeNameLanguage, 'ti') , wikidataPencil(nativeNameText,Entity.id,'P1559') }) end end end end end -- Inform the data of birth, disappearance and death -- The order must not be altered so that in the event that the place of death or the place of disappearance is the same -- as the place of birth, the place of birth is linked local birth, disappearance, death local birthDateTimestamp = tableElement(Entity, 'claims', 'P569', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'time') local birthPlace = argument['ቦታ ልደት'] or property('P19', {['conjunction']=' ወይ ', ['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Place format', ['value-function'] = 'placeFormat', ['linkback']='yes', date=birthDateTimestamp, ['highestRank'] = 'yes'}) local disappearancePlace = argument['ዝጠፍኣሉ ቦታ'] local deathDateTimestamp = tableElement(Entity, 'claims', 'P570', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'time') local deathPlace = argument['ቦታ ሞት'] or property('P20', {['conjunction']=' ወይ ', ['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Place format', ['value-function'] = 'placeFormat', ['linkback']='yes', date = deathDateTimestamp, ['highestRank'] = 'yes'}) death = inMultipleLines({ argument['ዕለት ሞት'] or (getDataWikidata and inBrackets(property('P570', inUppercaseO), getAgeWikidata('P570'))), deathPlace }) if death then disappearance = inMultipleLines({ argument['ዝጠፍኣሉ ዕለት'] or property('P746', inUppercaseO), disappearancePlace }) else disappearance = inMultipleLines({ argument['ዝጠፍኣሉ ዕለት'] or (getDataWikidata and inBrackets(property('P746', inUppercaseO), getAgeWikidata('P746'))), argument['ዝጠፍኣሉ ቦታ'] }) end if death or disappearance then birth = inMultipleLines({ argument['ዕለት ልደት'] or property('P569', inUppercaseO), birthPlace }) else birth = inMultipleLines({ argument['ዕለት ልደት'] or (getDataWikidata and inBrackets(property('P569', inUppercaseO), getAgeWikidata())), birthPlace }) end if argument['ወለዲ'] then parents = isLinked(argument['ወለዲ']) else father = property('P22') mother = property('P25') if father and mother then parents = father .. '<br/>' .. mother father = nil mother = nil end end signature = argument['ፊርማ'] or argument['ክታም'] or property('P109', {['link'] = 'no', ['linkback'] = false, ['highestRank'] = 'yes', ['one'] = 'yes'}) or '' if signature and signature ~= '' then signature = '[[ፋይል:' .. signature .. '|175x80px]]' end -- Format of the title of the file and of the sections according to the occupation, if the person has offices or if he has died local Format, header if argument['ርእሰዋይ'] then header = argument['ርእሰዋይ'] -- By default use the header field of the template elseif thereAreOffices == true then header = 'መዚ' elseif not occupationOrArea then header = 'ብንቡር' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ተዋሳኢ') or occupationOrArea:find('ተዋሳኢት') or occupationOrArea:find('ኣፍራዪ ፊልም') or occupationOrArea:find('ዳይረክተር ፊልም') then header = 'ሲነማ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ተጻዋታይ ቸስ') or argument['ኤሎ'] or chessranking then header = 'ተጻዋታይ ቸስ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ጠፈርተኛ') then header = 'ጠፈርተኛ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ጸሓፊ') or occupationOrArea:find('ጸሓፊ ልብ ወለድ') or occupationOrArea:find('ገጣሚ') or occupationOrArea:find('ጸሓፊ ድራማ') then header = 'ጸሓፊ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ደራፊ') then header = 'ደራፊ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ሙዚቀኛ') then header = 'ሙዚቀኛ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃ') then header = 'ካልእ ሙዚቃ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ፖለቲከኛ') or argument['ስልጣን'] then header = 'ብንቡር' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ጋዜጠኛ') then header = 'ጋዜጠኛ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ነዳፊ') then header = 'ነዳፊ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ኣቕራቢ') or occupationOrArea:find('ኣዳላዊ') then header = 'ተለቪዥን' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ሞደል') then header = 'ሞደል' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ወተሃደራዊ') then header = 'ወተሃደራዊ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ጳጳስ') or occupationOrArea:find('ኣቡን') or occupationOrArea:find('ካርዲናል') or occupationOrArea:find('ፓትርያርክ') then header = 'ሃይማኖታዊ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ተዋጋኢ ብዕራይ') then header = 'ተዋጋኢ ብዕራይ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ጸወታ ቪድዮ') then header = 'ጸወታ ቪድዮ' elseif occupationOrArea:find('ዩትዩበር') then header = 'ዩትዩበር' else header = 'ብንቡር' end local DiaconalOrder if argument['ድያቆናት ብ'] then DiaconalOrder = argument['ድያቆናት'] .. '<small> ብ' ..argument['ድያቆናት ብ'].. '</small>' else DiaconalOrder = argument['ድያቆናት'] end local PriestlyOrder -- ?item P793 Q41463697 Q585 if argument['ክህነት ብ'] then PriestlyOrder = argument['ክህነት'] .. '<small> ብ' ..argument['ክህነት ብ'].. '</small>' else PriestlyOrder = argument['ክህነት'] end local EpiscopalOrder -- ?item P793 Q125375 Q585 if argument['ኤጲስቆጶስ ብ'] then -- ?item P793 Q125375 Q1598 EpiscopalOrder = argument['ኤጲስቆጶስ'] .. '<small> ብ' ..argument['ኤጲስቆጶስ ብ'].. '</small>' else EpiscopalOrder = argument['ኤጲስቆጶስ'] end local Cardinalate -- ?item P793 Q41154026 Q585 if argument['መዓርግ ካርዲናል ብ'] then -- ?item P793 Q41154026 Q748 Cardinalate = argument['መዓርግ ካርዲናል'] .. '<small> ብ' ..argument['መዓርግ ካርዲናል ብ'].. '</small>' else Cardinalate = argument['መዓርግ ካርዲናል'] end local CoatOfArmsTitle, CoatOfArms if argument['ኣርማ'] ~= '' and (header == 'ሃይማኖታዊ' and argument['ኣርማ'] or property('P94')) then -- should we use P237 instead? CoatOfArms = argument['ኣርማ'] or property('P94', {}) CoatOfArmsTitle = 'ኣርማ' else CoatOfArmsTitle = '' end local CoatOfArmsMotto = argument['ጭርሖ'] or property('P1451') if CoatOfArmsMotto and argument['ዝተተርጎመ ጭርሖ'] then CoatOfArmsMotto = CoatOfArmsMotto .. '<small style="display: block;"> ብ' ..argument['ዝተተርጎመ ጭርሖ'].. '</small>' end Format = formats[header] or {} local infoboxTitleStyle, sectionsTitleStyle infoboxTitleStyle = Format['infoboxTitleStyle'] sectionsTitleStyle = Format['sectionsTitleStyle'] or Format['infoboxTitleStyle'] if thereAreOffices == true then officesoccupied = '' else officesoccupied = argument['ዝተታሕዘ ስልጣን'] or property('P39', {['list'] = 'not ordered', ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', toOrder='ብዕለት', ['linkback']='yes', ['value-function'] = ModuleWikidataFormats.officeFormat }) end if argument['ደረጃ'] or argument['ኣርከን'] then chessranking= (argument['ደረጃ'] or argument['ኣርከን']) .. frame:preprocess('<ref> [http://ratings.fide.com/toplist.phtml ደረጃ ኤፍ.ኣይ.ዲ.ኢ.] </ref>') end local webSite if argument['መርበብ'] or argument['ገጽ መርበብ'] or argument['ዌብሳይት'] or argument['መርበብ ሓበሬታ'] or argument['መርበብሓበሬታ'] then webSite = noExtend(toLinkURL(argument['መርበብ'] or argument['ገጽ መርበብ'] or argument['ዌብሳይት'] or argument['መርበብ ሓበሬታ'] or argument['መርበብሓበሬታ'])) else webSite = property('P856', {['value-function'] = URLFormat, ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'}) end local victims = argument['ግዳያት'] if victims then local ValidOccupationsVictims = {'Q484188', 'Q14886050', 'Q26267537', 'Q1154323'} -- serial killer, terrorist, serial rapist and hit-and-run killer for k,v in pairs(ValidOccupationsVictims) do local snak = property('P106', {['value-function'] = idFormat}) if snak and snak:match(v) then victims = argument['ግዳያት'] break else victims = '' end end end -- Image and image footer local image = argument['ምስሊ'] or argument['ስእሊ'] or argument['ፎቶ'] local imageFooter if image then imageFooter = argument['እግረዋይ ምስሊ'] or argument['እግረዋይምስሊ'] or argument['መግለጺ'] or argument['እግረዋይ ፎቶ'] or argument['እግረዋይፎቶ'] or argument['ጽሑፍምስሊ'] or argument['ጽሑፍ_ምስሊ'] or argument['እግረዋይ ፎቶ'] else image, imageFooter = getImageWikidata() -- Pending obtaining the footer of the qualifier P2096 end local related = argument['ተዛመድቲ'] or '' if related and mw.ustring.len(related) > 200 then related = '' end local Infobox = { wikidata = not getDataWikidata and 'no', class = 'biography vcard', -- Title headertype = 'ሰብ', title = name, --backgroundcolor = backgroundcolor, -- Not used titlestyle = infoboxTitleStyle, --Image --At the moment there is no line as in the writer's file after the image image = image, ['imagesize']= argument['መጠን ምስሊ'] or argument['መጠን'] or argument['መጠን ምስሊ'] or argument['መጠንምስሊ'] or argument['መጠን ፎቶ'] or '220px', -- or '200px' in the writer infobox, 192 in the artist infobox. I take default 220, the size of thumb footer = imageFooter, -- Pending: in the writer tab the text is placed between <small> and in the artist tab the font-size:smaller style is used --Labels and data labelstyle = 'width:33%', -- 25% in the writer's infobox. Unspecified in the person --'padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background-color:transparent; line-height:1.2em;', -- In the original person infobox datastyle = 'line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;', officesTable, {type='section', ['title'] = 'ውልቃዊ ሓበሬታ', -- See the noble infobox or the designer infobox titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'ምሉእ ስም', -- only if it does not match with: (full_name ~= name) and -- - the name displayed in the infobox title (full_name ~= birth_name_without_pencil) and -- - or with birth name full_name}, {'ስም ልደት', -- only if it does not match the name displayed in the infobox title (birth_name_without_pencil ~= name) and birth_name}, nativeNames, {'ሃይማኖታዊ ስም', argument['ሃይማኖታዊ ስም'] or property('P1635')}, {'ሳጓ', argument['ሳጓ'] or property('P1449')}, {'ካልእ&nbsp;ኣስማት', argument['ካልእ ኣስማት'] or argument['ካልእ ስም'], class='nickname'}, {'ልደት', birth}, {'ምጥፋእ', disappearance}, {'ሞት', death}, {'ጠንቂ ሞት', ifItsNot(argument['ጠንቂ ሞት'] or property('P509', inUppercase) or property('P1196', inUppercase), 'ተፈጥሮኣዊ ጠንቅታት')}, -- circumstances of death {'ቀብሪ', argument['መዕረፊ ቦታ'] or property('P119', {['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Place format', ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['linkback'] = 'yes'}) }, {'መንበሪ ገዛ', withoutFlag(argument['መንበሪ ገዛ'] or argument['መንበሪ_ሃገር'] or argument['መንበሪ_ቦታ']) or property('P551', {['mustExist'] = 'yes', ['linkback']='yes', ['highestRank'] = 'yes'}), class='label'}, {'ዜግነት', withoutFlag(argument['ዜግነት']) or --The demonym is missing require('Module:Wikidata/Country formats').nationalityFormat(tableElement(Entity,'claims','P27'),{ ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase', ['property'] = 'P27', ['linkback']='yes', ['entityId']=tableElement(Entity,id)}), class='category'}, {'ዓሌት', --property('P172', inUppercase) or argument['ዓሌት'] or argument['ዓሌታዊ ጉጅለ'], class='category'}, {'ሃይማኖት', argument['ሃይማኖት'] or property('P140', mustExist)}, {'ቋንቋ ኣደ', argument['ቋንቋ ኣደ'] or argument['ቋንቋ_ኣደ'] or property('P103', inUppercase)}, }, {type='section', titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, ['title'] = 'ኣካላዊ ባህርያት', {'ቁመት', argument['ቁመት'] or property('P2048', {['value-function']='magnitude', ['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Magnitude format', ['linkback']='yes'})}, {'ክብደት', argument['ክብደት'] or property('P2067', {['value-function']='magnitude', ['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Magnitude format', ['linkback']='yes'})}, {'ዓቐናት', argument['ዓቐናት']}, {'ዓይኒ', argument['ሕብሪ ዓይኒ'] or property('P1340', inUppercase)}, {'ጸጉሪ', argument['ሕብሪ ጸጉሪ'] or property('P1884', inUppercase)}, {'[[ምዕባይ ጡብ|ተፈጥሮኣዊ ጡብ]]', argument['ተፈጥሮኣዊ ጡብ']}, --{'[[ጾታዊ ዝንባለ]]', property('P91', inUppercase) or argument['ጾታዊ ዝንባለ']} }, {type='section', -- Family. titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, ['title'] = 'ስድራ', -- See the noble infobox -- In the case of the spouse, the argument takes precedence until the qualifiers are shown. class ='plainlist', -- Show lists without bullets {'ስድራ', property('P53', mustExist)}, {(parents and 'ወለዲ') or (father and 'ኣቦ') or 'ኣዶ', -- Show parents, father or mother as reported both or only one of them parents or father or mother}, {'በዓል ቤት', isLinked(argument['በዓል ቤት'] or property('P26', withPeriod))}, {'በዓልቲ ቤት', isLinked(argument['በዓልቲ ቤት'] or property('P26', withPeriod))}, {'ጽምዲ', isLinked(argument['ጽምዲ'] or property('P451', withPeriod))}, {'ቆልዑ', isLinked(argument['ቆልዑ']) or property('P40', {['list'] = 'not ordered', ['mustExist'] = 'yes', ['linkback']='yes'}) or property('P1971', withoutLinkup) }, {'ኣባላት ስድራ', isLinked(argument['ኣባላት ስድራ'])}, }, {type='section', ['title'] = 'ትምህርቲ', titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'ትምህርቲ', education}, {labelEducatedIn, almamater, class='plainlist'}, {'ድሕረ ምረቓ', argument['ድሕረ ምረቓ']}, {'ዶክተራዊ ድርሳን', inBrackets( (argument['ኣድራሻ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ድርሳን'] and toLinkURL(argument['ኣድራሻ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ድርሳን'], ModuleTextFormat.inItalics(argument['ኣርእስቲ ድርሳን']))-- If the url is informed ) or (not argument['ኣድራሻ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ድርሳን'] and ModuleTextFormat.inItalics(argument['ኣርእስቲ ድርሳን']) -- If the url is not informed ) , argument['ዓመት ድርሳን']) }, {'ዶክተራዊ ተቖጻጻሪት', argument['ዶክተራዊ ተቖጻጻሪት']}, {'ዶክተራዊ ተቖጻጸርቲ' , argument['ዶክተራዊ ተቖጻጸርቲ']}, {'ዶክተራዊ ተቖጻጻሪ' , argument['ዶክተራዊ ተቖጻጻሪ'] or property('P184')}, {labelStudentOf, argument['ተማሃራይ ናይ'] or property('P1066', withPeriodMustExist), class='plainlist'}, }, {type='section', ['title'] = 'ሞያዊ ሓበሬታ', titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'ሞያ', occupation, class='role'}, {'ቦታ', area}, {labelActiveYears, argument['ዓመታት ንጡፍ'] or argument['ዓመታት ንጥፍቲ'] or argument['ዓመታትንጡፍ'] or argument['እዋን'] or argument['እዋን'] or argument['ግዜ'] or argument['ዓመታት ንጥፈት'] or periodFormat({ -- the pencil is missing ['P580']={[1]=tableElement(Entity, 'claims','P2031',1,'mainsnak')}, ['P582']={[1]=tableElement(Entity, 'claims','P2032',1,'mainsnak')} })}, {labelKnownBy, argument['ፍሉጥ ብ'] or argument['ፍሉጥ']}, {'ዝተታሕዙ ስልጣናት', officesoccupied,class='plainlist'}, -- politicians or in companies {'ኣሰያይማ', argument['ኣሰያይማ']}, {'ደሞዝ', argument['ደሞዝ']}, {'ጥሪት', argument['ጥሪት'] or argument['ሃብቲ']}, {'ኩባንያ', argument['ኩባንያ']}, {'መጽናዕቲ', argument['ስም መጽናዕቲ']}, -- Architects {'ኣብያተ መግቢ', argument['ኣብያተ መግቢ']}, -- For cooks. Restaurants in which he has worked. {type='section', ['title'] = 'ሃይማኖታዊ ሓበሬታ', titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'[[በዓለ ሲመት|ድያቆናዊ ስርዓት]]', DiaconalOrder}, {'ክህነታዊ ስርዓት', PriestlyOrder}, {'ኤጲስቆጶሳዊ ስርዓት', EpiscopalOrder}, {'ካርዲናል ኣዋጅ', Cardinalate}, {'ካርዲናል መዓርግ', argument['ካርዲናል መዓርግ']}, {'ቤተ ክርስትያን', argument['ቤተ ክርስትያን']}, {'[[ዓለማውነት]]', argument['ዓለማውነት']}, {'[[ኣብጽኦት]]', argument['ኣብጽኦት']}, {'[[ቀኖናውነት]]', argument['ቀኖናውነት'] or property('P411', inUppercase)}, {'በዓል', argument['በዓል'] or property('P841')}, {'ባህርያት', argument['ባህርያት']}, {labelReveredIn, argument['ዝኽበር ኣብ'] or property('P1049')}, {'ምጉይታት', argument['ምጉይታት'] or property('P417')}, {'ቅዱስ ቦታ', argument['ቅዱስ ቦታ']}, }, -- Artistic section (actors and, presenters?) {type='section', ['title'] = artisticsection, titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'ናይ መጀመርታ ተራ' , argument['ናይ መጀመርታ ተራ']}, {'ናይ መጀመርታ ዓመት' , argument['ናይ መጀመርታ ተራ'] and argument['ናይ መጀመርታ ዓመት']}, --{'ዓመት ምውጻእ', argument['ዓመት ምውጻእ'] or property('P2032')}, {'ፊልምታት' , argument['ብዝሒ ፊልምታት']}, {'ተኸታታሊ' , argument['ተኸታታሊ']}, }, {'ኣስራሒ', argument['ኣስራሒ'] or argument['ትካል_ስራሕ'] or argument['ስም_መጽናዕቲ'] or property('P108', withPeriod), class ='plainlist'}, --Teachers {'ዶክተራዊ ተማሃሮ', argument['ዶክተራዊ ተማሃሮ'] or property('P185', mustExist)}, {(occupationOrArea and occupationOrArea:find('መምህር') and 'ተማሃሮ'), argument['ተማሃሮ'] or property('P802', mustExist)}, -- Journalists, presenters and video bloggers {type='section', {'መራኸቢ ብዙሃን', argument['መራኸቢ ብዙሃን']}, -- Sometimes informed with the meaning of area and others with the employer {'መትረብ', argument['መትረብ']}, {'መደባት', argument['መደባት'] or argument['መደብ']}, }, -- Video bloggers, especially youtubers {type='section', {'ቪድዮታት', argument['ቪድዮታት']}, {'ተመዝገብቲ', argument['ተመዝገብቲ']}, {'ጠቕላላ ትርኢታት', argument['ጠቕላላ ትርኢታት']}, }, -- Occupation (writers, artists, journalists, designers, etc.) -- Artistic information {type='section', plural(argument['ምንቅስቓስ'] or argument['ምንቅስቓሳት'] or property('P135', { ['value-module'] = 'Wikidata/Movement format', ['value-function'] = 'movementFormat', ['linkback']='yes', ['qualifying'] = periodFormat, ['highestRank'] = 'yes', toOrder='ብዕለት', ['textFormat'] = 'uppercase',}), 'ምንቅስቓስ', 'ምንቅስቓሳት'), {'ስም ብርዒ', argument['ስም ብርዒ'] or argument['ካልእ ስም'] or property('P742')}, {'ስነ ጽሑፋዊ ቋንቋ', argument['ስነ_ጽሑፋዊ_ቋንቋ']}, plural(argument['ጾታ'] or argument['ጾታ'] or property('P136', inUppercase), 'ጾታ', 'ጾታታት'), plural(argument['መሳርሒ'] or property('P1303', inUppercase), 'መሳርሒ', 'መሳርሒታት'), {'ዓይነት ደሃይ', argument['ደሃይ'] or argument['ዓይነት ደሃይ'] or property('P412', inUppercase)}, plural(argument['ትካል መዝገብ'] or property('P264', withPeriod), 'ትካል መዝገብ', 'ትካላት መዝገብ', 'plainlist'), }, -- Notable works. They are put in italics for the moment but it is incorrect in the case of architects. {'ፍሉጣት ስራሕቲ', argument['ብሉጻት ስራሕቲ'] or argument['ፍሉጣት ስራሕቲ'] or argument['ፍሉጣት_ስራሕቲ'] or argument['ስራሕቲ'] or argument['ተወከልቲ_ፕሮጀክታት'] or property('P800',{['link']='yes', ['list'] = 'not ordered', ['mustExist'] = 'yes', ['textFormat']='italics', ['linkback']='yes'}), class='plainlist' }, {'ተወከልቲ ፕሮጀክታት', argument['ተወከልቲ ፕሮጀክታት']}, {'ተዛመድቲ ስነ ጥበባውያን', related}, {'[[ምጥቃስ ደራሲ|ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ኣብ ስነ ዕጽዋት]]', argument['ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ኣብ ስነ ዕጽዋት'] or property('P428')}, {'[[ምጥቃስ ደራሲ|ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ኣብ ስነ እንስሳታት]]', argument['ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ኣብ ስነ እንስሳታት'] or property('P835')}, {'[[ምጥቃስ ደራሲ|ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ኣብ ስነ ኮኾብ]]', argument['ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ኣብ ስነ ኮኾብ']}, --{'', collapsibleList(labelInfluences, argument['ዝተጸልወ ብ'] or -- argument['ጽልዋታት'], frame)}, --{'', collapsibleList('ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩ(ራ) ን', argument['ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩ(ራ) ን'] or argument['ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩ'], frame)}, -- Military {'ተኣማንነት', argument['ተኣማንነት'] or property('P945', inUppercase)}, {'ወተሃደራዊ ጨንፈር', argument['ጨንፈር'] or property('P241', inUppercase)}, {'ወተሃደራዊ ሓድነት', argument['ሓድነት'] or property('P7779', inUppercase)}, {'ትእዛዛት', argument['ትእዛዛት']}, {'[[ወተሃደራዊ መዓርግ]]', argument['መዓርግ'] or property('P410', withPeriod), class='plainlist'}, {'ግርጭታት', argument['ግርጭታት'] or argument['ውግኣት'] or property('P607', inUppercase)}, -- Astronauts (a subtype of military) {'ተልእኾታት ጠፈር', argument['ተልእኾታት ጠፈር'] or property('P450')}, {'ኣብ ጠፈር ዝነበረ ግዜ', argument['ግዜ ጠፈር']}, {'ፖለቲካዊ ሰልፊ', argument['ፖለቲካዊ ሰልፊ'] or argument['ሰልፊ'] or property('P102', withPeriod), class='plainlist'}, {'ሃይማኖታዊ ስርዓት', argument['ምእመናን'] or property('P611', inUppercase)}, {'ምትእስሳራት', argument['ምትእስሳራት'] or property('P1416')}, {'ኣባል ናይ', argument['ኣባል ናይ'] or argument['ማሕበር ሰራሕተኛታት'] or property('P463', withPeriodMustExist), class='plainlist'}, {'ማእከል ማሕበር ሰራሕተኛታት', argument['ማእከል ማሕበር ሰራሕተኛታት'], class='plainlist'}, -- Web {'መርበብ ሓበሬታ', webSite}, }, {type='section', ['title'] = 'ስፖርታዊ ሞያ', -- See the noble infobox or the designer infobox titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'ስፖርት', argument['ስፖርት'] or property('P641', inUppercase)}, {'ወኪል ናይ', argument['ወኪል'] or property('P1532', withPeriod)}, }, {type='section', ['title'] = 'መግለጺ መንነት ተጻዋታይ', titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'ጸወታታት', argument['ጸወታታት'] or property('P2416')}, {'ደረጃ', argument['ደረጃ'] or property('P413')}, {'ቁጽሪ', argument['ቁጽሪ'] or property('P1618')}, {'ጋንታታት', argument['ጋንታታት'] or property('P54')}, {'ሊጋት', argument['ሊጋት'] or property('P118')}, {'ምምራጽ', argument['ምምራጽ']}, {'ተዓዋቲ መዳልያ', argument['ኦሎምፒካዊ ተዓዋቲ መዳልያ']}, {'ኣሰልጣኒ', argument['ኣሰልጣኒ'] or property('P6087')}, {'መድረኻት ፈነወ', argument['መድረኽ']}, }, {type='section', ['title'] = 'መዳልያታት', titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'', argument['መዳልያታት'] }, }, {type='section', ['title'] = 'ገበናዊ ሓበሬታ', titlestyle = sectionsTitleStyle, {'ገበናዊ ክስታት', argument['ገበናዊ ክስታት'] or property('P1399'), class='plainlist'}, -- P2632 can be used in any of the two parameters below {'ፍርዲ', argument['ፍርዲ']}, {'መቕጻዕታዊ ኩነት', argument['መቕጻዕታዊ ኩነት']}, {'ግዳያት', victims}, }, -- With label/data as in the writer and artist infoboxes instead of as in the person infobox {'ፊርማ', signature }, {type='section', title ='መዘኻኸሪታት', titlestyle='border-top:1px solid #c0c0c0;text-align:left', {'', argument['መዘኻኸሪታት'], datastyle='text-align:left;font-size:90%; line-height:1.2em'} }, -- Hypothetical section, images below are not displayed within a section {'', CoatOfArmsTitle or '', datastyle = 'text-align: center; font-weight: bold;' .. (sectionsTitleStyle or ''), }, bottomimage = CoatOfArms, ['bottomimagesize'] = '110px', bottomfooter = CoatOfArmsMotto, --{'ምንጪ ታሪኽ ህይወት', argument['ምንጪታሪኽህይወት']}, entity = argument['id'], -- for the final link to wikidata } categories = {} if argument['መዕረፊ_ቦታ'] or --renamed argument['ዶክተራዊ_ተቖጻጻሪት'] or --renamed argument['ዶክተራዊ_ተቖጻጸርቲ'] or --renamed argument['ዶክተራዊ_ተቖጻጻሪ'] or --renamed argument['ድርሳን_ኣድራሻ_መርበብ_ሓበሬታ'] or --renamed argument['ድርሳን_ኣርእስቲ'] or --renamed argument['ድርሳን_ዓመት'] or --renamed argument['ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ኣብ ስነ ኮኾብ'] or argument['ምንጪታሪኽህይወት'] --to be deleted or argument['ኢመይል'] --to be deleted then table.insert(categories, '[[Category:Wikipedia:ካብቲ ናይ ሰብ ሓበሬታ ሞደል ክትክእዎ ዘለኩም መለክዒታት ዘለዎም ገጻት ]]') end local Lifetime = require('Module:Lifetime') -- table.insert(categories, Lifetime.catLivingStatus(argument['ዕለት ልደት'], argument['ዕለት ሞት'], true ) ) table.insert(categories, Lifetime.catSexGenderIdentity()) if argument['ኣርእስታት ክፍልታት'] == '' then -- "no" when calling the infobox --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(Infobox) end deleteSectionTitles(Infobox) end namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace if categories[1] and (namespace == 0 or namespace == 104) then return ModuleInfobox.infobox(Infobox) .. table.concat(categories) else return ModuleInfobox.infobox(Infobox) end end function deleteSectionTitles (board) if board.type == 'section' then board.title = nil end for k, v in pairs( board ) do if type(v) == 'table' then deleteSectionTitles(v) end end --if true then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(board) end end function generateoffice(argument,number,frame) info=number --two variables are required for the first parameter if number == 1 then number ='' end --if it's the first office, then it doesn't have a number if argument ['ስልጣን'..number] == nil then title='' elseif argument['ኣርማ'..number] == nil then title=argument['ስልጣን'..number] -- if it does not have a coat of arms then leave it blank, if it does have a coat of arms put it else title='[[File:'..argument['ኣርማ'..number]..'|44x40px]]<br />'..argument['ስልጣን'..number] end if argument['ወረዳ'..number] then title = title..'<br /><small>ብ'..argument['ወረዳ'..number]..'</small>' end if argument['ኣምባሳደርናይ'..number] then title = title .. frame:preprocess('<br /> {{flagdeco|'.. argument['ኣምባሳደርናይ'..number] ..'|size=44x40px}}') end--{{flagdeco|{{{ኣምባሳደርናይ}}}|size=44x40px}} if argument['ሃገር'..number] then title = title .. frame:preprocess('{{flagdeco|'.. argument['ሃገር'..number] ..'|size=44x40px}}') end if argument['ንኡስኣርእስቲ'..number] then title = title .. '<br /><small>'..argument['ንኡስኣርእስቲ'..number]..'</small>' end period = '' if argument['ምጅማር'..number] and argument['መወዳእታ'..number] then period = argument['ምጅማር'..number]..'-'.. argument['መወዳእታ'..number] elseif argument['መወዳእታ'..number] then period = 'ክሳብ ' .. argument['መወዳእታ'..number] elseif argument['ምጅማር'..number] then title = title .. '<br /> <small> ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ኣብ ስልጣን</small>' period = 'ካብ '..argument['ምጅማር'..number] end textstring={type='section', ['title']=title, titlestyle = 'background-color:#E6E6FA;', {'', period}, {'ብሓባር ምስ', argument['ብሓባርምስ'..number] }, {'ዝተሓጽየ ብ', argument['ዝተሓጽየ'..number] }, {'ዝተሓጽየት ብ', argument['ዝተሓጽየት'..number] }, {'ዝተመዘዘ ብ', argument['ዝተመዘዘ'..number] }, {'ዝተመዘዘት ብ', argument['ዝተመዘዘት'..number] }, {'[[ንጉስ]]', argument['ንጉስ'..number] }, {'[[ንጉስ|ንግስቲ]]', argument['ንግስቲ'..number] }, {'[[ፕረዚደንት]]', argument['ፕረዚደንት'..number] }, {'[[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]]', argument['ቀዳማይሚኒስተር'..number] }, {'[[ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር|ቀዳመይቲ ሚኒስተር]]', argument['ቀዳመይቲሚኒስተር'..number] }, {'[[ቻንስለር]]', argument['ቻንስለር'..number] }, {'[[ኣመሓዳሪ]]', argument['ኣመሓዳሪ'..number] }, {'[[ከንቲባ]]', argument['ከንቲባ'..number] }, {'[[መራሒ መንግስቲ]]', argument['መራሒ'..number] }, {'[[መራሒ መንግስቲ|መራሒት መንግስቲ]]', argument['መራሒት'..number] }, {'[[ካቢነ]]', argument['ካቢነ'..number] }, {'[[ካቢነ|ቤት ምኽሪ ሚኒስተራት]]', argument['ቤትምኽሪ'..number] }, {'ጸሓፊ', argument['ጸሓፊ'..number]}, {'ጸሓፊት', argument['ጸሓፊት'..number]}, {'[[ምክትል ፕረዚደንት]]', argument['ምክትልፕረዚደንት'..number] }, {'[[ምክትል ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር]]', argument['ምክትልቀዳማይሚኒስተር'..number] }, {'[[ምክትል ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር|ምክትል ቀዳመይቲ ሚኒስተር]]', argument['ምክትልቀዳመይቲሚኒስተር'..number] }, {'ምክትል ቻንስለር', argument['ምክትልቻንስለር'..number]}, {'[[ምክትል ኣመሓዳሪ]]', argument['ምክትልኣመሓዳሪ'..number] }, {'[[ምክትል ኣመሓዳሪ|ምክትል ኣመሓዳሪት]]', argument['ምክትልኣመሓዳሪት'..number] }, {'[[ለተናል ኣመሓዳሪ]]', argument['ለተናል'..number] }, {'ምክትል ከንቲባ', argument['ምክትልከንቲባ'..number] }, {'ምክትል መራሒ መንግስቲ', argument['ምክትልመራሒ'..number]}, {'ቅድሚኡ ዝነበረ', argument['ቅድሚኡዝነበረ'..number]}, {'ቅድሚኣ ዝነበረት', argument['ቅድሚኣዝነበረት'..number]}, {'ተካኢ', argument['ተካኢ'..number]}, {'ተካኢት', argument['ተካኢት'..number]}, {argument[info..'data1'], argument[info..'data2'] }, {argument[info..'data3'], argument[info..'data4'] }, {'','<hr>'} } return textstring end -- Function that returns the list of the values of a property in Wikidata formatted function property(propertyId,options) -- Do not get any Wikidata properties for deceased people if accessed with wikidata=no parameter if not getDataWikidata then return end if Entity and Entity.claims and Entity.claims[propertyId] then if not options then options = {['linkback']='yes'} end options.entityId = Entity.id --if propertyId =='P1477' then return require('Module:Tables').tostring(Entity) end -- MISSING options.property = propertyId propertyValue = getPropertyWikidata(options,Entity.claims[propertyId]) if not propertyValue then return end if propertyValue:match('%[%[:d:') then somePropertyLinkWikidata = true end return propertyValue end end function collapsibleList(title, list, frame) if not list then return end previousformat='background:transparent' return frame:preprocess('{{Collapsible list|title=' .. title .. --'|frame_style=border:0; padding:0; border-top:1px solid #c0c0c0;' .. '|frame_style=border:0; padding:0;' .. '|title_style=background-color:#8DB1C3;color:#FFF; text-align:left|list_style=padding-left:33%;text-align:left; display:none|1=' .. list .. '}}') end function dropdownSection(title, list, frame, titlestyle) if not list then return end return frame:preprocess('{{Dropdown section|title=' .. title .. --'|border_style=border:0; padding:0; border-top:1px solid #c0c0c0;' .. '|data=<div style="text-align:left;margin: 1px; padding: 2px; border:1px">'.. list .. '</div>|titlestyle='.. (titlestyle or '') ..';}}') end function isLinked(that) if true then return that end if not that then return end for content in that:gmatch("%[%[(.+)]]") do if not content:match('^:d:') and not content:match('^Category:') then return that end end end function maleOccupationFormat(value, options, frame, qualifiers) local occupationLink, occupationLabel, occupationEntityId = ModuleWikidataFormats.getData(value) return ModuleWikidataFormats.toLink(occupationLink, occupationLabel, occupationEntityId, options) end function femaleOccupationFormat(value, options, frame, qualifiers) local occupationLink, occupationLabel, occupationEntityId = ModuleWikidataFormats.getData(value) -- Wikidata will not be accessed for the most frequent occupations. local femaleOccupationsTable={ ['Q15253558'] = 'ተጣባቒት', ['Q1476215' ] = 'ተጣባቒት ሰብኣዊ መሰላት', ['Q33999' ] = 'ተዋሳኢት', ['Q10800557'] = 'ተዋሳኢት ፊልም', ['Q2259451' ] = 'ተዋሳኢት ትያትር', ['Q10798782'] = 'ተዋሳኢት ተለቪዥን', ['Q2405480' ] = 'ተዋሳኢት ደሃይ', ['Q488111' ] = 'ተዋሳኢት ስእለ ጽዩፍ', ['Q10873124'] = 'ተጻዋቲት ቸስ', ['Q42973' ] = 'ስነ ሃናጺት', ['Q483501' ] = 'ስነ ጥበባዊት', ['Q482980' ] = 'ደራሲት', ['Q5716684' ] = 'ሳዕሳዒት', ['Q177220' ] = 'ደራፊት', ['Q15212951'] = 'ሰራሒት ፊልም', ['Q36834' ] = 'ኣወሃሃዲት ሙዚቃ', ['Q18939491'] = 'ጸሓፊት መዝገበ ዕለት', ['Q5322166' ] = 'ነዳፊት', ['Q214917' ] = 'ጸሓፊት ተዋስኦ', ['Q43845' ] = 'ነጋዲት', ['Q36180' ] = 'ጸሓፊት', ['Q1281618' ] = 'ቀራጺት', ['Q11900058'] = 'ዳህሳሲት', ['Q33231' ] = 'ሰኣሊት', ['Q4379701 '] = 'ሞያዊ ተጻዋቲት', ['Q4610556' ] = 'ሞደል', ['Q1028181' ] = 'ቀባኢት', ['Q49757' ] = 'ገጣሚት', ['Q270389' ] = 'ኣቕራቢት ዜና', ['Q947873' ] = 'ኣቕራቢት ተለቪዥን', ['Q549322' ] = 'ተዋጋኢት ብዕራይ', ['Q333634' ] = 'ተርጓሚት', } local occupationLabelCorrected = femaleOccupationsTable[occupationEntityId] if occupationLabelCorrected then return ModuleWikidataFormats.toLink(occupationLink, occupationLabelCorrected, occupationEntityId, options) else -- Occupation is not in the table above. Attempting to retrieve property P2522 on Wikidata for occupation occupationLabelCorrected = ModuleWikidata.getPropertyInTigrinya(occupationEntityId, 'P2521') or occupationLabel return ModuleWikidataFormats.toLink(occupationLink, occupationLabelCorrected, occupationEntityId, options) end end function getQualifierValue(Property, Qualifying, propertyValue) -- Get the value of the first property qualifier with the received value if not Entity or not Entity.claims or not Entity.claims[Property] then return end for k,v in pairs(Entity.claims[Property]) do if v.mainsnak and v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value['numeric-id'] == propertyValue and v.qualifiers and v.qualifiers[Qualifying] and v.qualifiers[Qualifying][1] and v.qualifiers[Qualifying][1].datavalue then return v.qualifiers[Qualifying][1].datavalue.value end end end function getArgumentsWithValue(frame) local original if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then original = frame:getParent().args else original = frame.args or frame end local copy= {} for k,v in pairs(original) do if v == 'no' and k ~= 'wikidata' then --If "no" is valid, leave the argument blank so as not to obtain the value --from Wikidata copy[k] = '' elseif v~='' then --If it is blank leave it to nil to get the Wikidata value -- if there is no other argument with a similar name copy[k] = original[k] end end return copy end function getImageWikidata() local image, imageValue, imageFooters, k, imageFooter if not Entity then return end -- Get the first image in Wikidata of the person local image = tableElement(Entity, 'claims','P18') if not image then return end image = require('Module:Wikidata').filterStatementByRank(image)[1] -- Get image name imageValue = tableElement(image, 'mainsnak','datavalue','value') -- For example, image.jpg -- Get image footers, one per language imageFooters = tableElement(image, 'qualifiers','P2096') -- Find the footer in Tigrinya (the one with datavalue.value.language = "ti") if imageFooters then for k,imageFooter in pairs(imageFooters) do if imageFooter.datavalue.value.language=='ti' then -- return the image and the text of the image footer in Tigrinya return imageValue, imageFooter.datavalue.value.text end end end -- If there is no footer in Tigrinya, check if there is a date specified for the image imageFooters = tableElement(image, 'qualifiers', 'P585') if imageFooters and imageFooters[1] then if imageFooters[1].datavalue and imageFooters[1].datavalue.value then return imageValue, name .. ' ብ' .. require('Module:Wikidata/Date').FormatDateTime(imageFooters[1].datavalue.value, {['dateFormat']='ዓመት',['link']='no'}) else return imageValue, name end end -- No image footer in Tigrinya return imageValue end function getDateWikidata(property) local dateStatements = tableElement(Entity, 'claims', property) -- Do not return age if there are none or if there are multiple dates. if not dateStatements or dateStatements[2] then return end local dateStatement = dateStatements[1] if not dateStatement then return end local dateValue = tableElement(dateStatement, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value') if not dateValue then return end --Accuracy must reach to the day if dateValue.accuracy ~= 11 then return end local iso = dateValue.time if not iso then return end local Date = {} Date.calendar = dateValue.calendarmodel Date.year = tonumber(iso:sub(1, 5)) Date.month = tonumber(iso:sub(7,8)) Date.day = tonumber(iso:sub(10,11)) return Date end function getAgeWikidata(endProperty) local birthDate = getDateWikidata('P569') if not birthDate then return end if endProperty then local endDate = getDateWikidata(endProperty) if endDate and endDate.calendar == birthDate.calendar then return age(birthDate, endDate) end else return age(birthDate) end end function noExtend(that) if not that then return end return '<div style="width:14.66em;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space: nowrap;">' .. that .. '</div>' end function plural(that, singular, plural, pClass) if not that then return {} elseif that:match(',') or that:match('</li><li>') then return {plural, that, class=pClass} else return {singular, that, class=pClass} end end function ifItsNot(that, value) if not that then return end if not that:match(value) then return that end end return z csu19elqwtb7t2xnkh1tnqq7p1sj9sk 10 6154 24323 2023-06-21T20:10:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{#invoke:ሓበሬታ ሰብ|Infobox}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:ሓበሬታ ሰብ|Infobox}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 2ilhy7swu6vrm9go7wuysvxn55vwond 10 6155 24324 2023-06-21T20:11:20Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሰብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሰብ]] 3vg9y9cdf0271kow2x6ld0fgx1udkez 10 6156 24325 2023-06-21T20:30:52Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሰብ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:ሓበሬታ ሰብ]] 3vg9y9cdf0271kow2x6ld0fgx1udkez 14 6157 24333 2023-06-21T22:08:06Z 210.232.14.171 ገጽ ምስ «[[Category:ጃፓን|*]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ጃፓን|*]] 4yy7fdj4vc0tgqp7x391yewq1w2xvkr 828 6158 24345 24344 2023-06-22T02:11:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function error ( msg ) return '<strong class="error">ጌጋ፦ ' .. msg .. '</strong>' .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with problem in the Lifetime template]]' end local function safereadtable ( ... ) local arg = {...} local key = arg and arg[1] for i = 2, #arg do local val = arg[i] if key == nil or val == nil then key = nil break else key = key[val] end end return key end --[[ @name catSexGenderIdentity @global none @param none @return wikitext (categories) @descr Generates the categories related to the sex or gender of a person based on the data obtained from Wikidata according to its P21 property. --]] function p.catSexGenderIdentity() local wd = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if wd and -- wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P31' ).value == 'ወዲ ሰብ' -- wd.claims.P31[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == 'Q5' safereadtable(wd, 'claims', 'P31', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'id') == 'Q5' then --[==[ Main categories are: [[መደብ:ደቂ ተባዕትዮ]] [[መደብ:ደቂ ኣንስትዮ]] [[መደብ:ሰባት መንጎ ጾታ]] [[መደብ:ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት]] [[መደብ:ብጾታ ዘይተመደቡ ሰባት]] --]==] --[==[ valid sex/genders located in Wikidata: ]==]-- local validsexgenders = { -- -- see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P21#P2302 -- ['IDENTIFIER'] --[[ ['TEXT LABEL'] --]] = 'CATEGORY', ['Q6581097'] --[[ ['ተባዕታይ'] --]] = 'ደቂ ተባዕትዮ', ['Q6581072'] --[[ ['ኣንስተይቲ'] --]] = 'ደቂ ኣንስትዮ', ['Q1097630'] --[[ ['መንጎ ጾተኛ'] --]] = 'ሰባት መንጎ ጾታ', ['Q48270'] --[[ ['ዘይክልተኣዊ ጾታ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', ['Q1399232'] --[[ ['ፋ'ኣፋፋይን'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', -- third gender in Samoan culture ['Q3277905'] --[[ ['ማሁ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', -- third gender in traditional Hawaiian, Kanaka and Maohi cultures ['Q746411'] --[[ ['ካቶይ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', -- third gender in Thai culture ['Q350374'] --[[ ['ፋካሌቲ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', -- third gender in Tongan culture ['Q660882'] --[[ ['ሂጅራ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', -- third gender of South Asian cultures -- 'unknown value' or 'ዘይፍለጥ ዋጋ' -- 'no value' or 'ዋጋ ዘይብሉ' ['Q301702'] --[[ ['ክልተ መናፍስቲ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', -- third gender in the indigenous North American cultures ['Q28873047'] --[[ ['መንጎ ጾታዊ ነብሲ'] --]] = nil, -- non-human ['Q1289754'] --[[ ['ገለልተኛ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', ['Q179294'] --[[ ['ስሉብ'] --]] = 'ደቂ ተባዕትዮ', ['Q7130936'] --[[ ['ኩሉ ጾታ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', ['Q52261234'] --[[ ['ጾታ ገለልተኛ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', ['Q16674976'] --[[ ['ሄርማፍሮዲትነት'] --]] = nil, -- non-human ['Q96000630'] --[[ ['X-ጾታ'] --]] = 'ዘይክልተኣውያን ሰባት', ['Q104717073'] --[[ ['ሰብ መንጎ ጾታ'] --]] = 'ሰባት መንጎ ጾታ', } -- local sexgenderval = wd.claims.P21[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id -- wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P21' ).value local sexgenderval = safereadtable( wd, 'claims', 'P21', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'id') local sexgendercat = validsexgenders[ sexgenderval ] or 'ብጾታ ዘይተመደቡ ሰባት' return '[[መደብ:' .. sexgendercat .. ']]' end return '' -- non-human end --[[ @name catLivingStatus @global require('Module:Roman') @param birthdate, deathdate, no errors @return wikitext (categories and [optionally] errors) @descr Generates the categories related to the birth and death of a person, as well as identifies if they are alive, based on the data provided as a parameter or automatically obtained from Wikidata based on their P569 and P570 properties. @aux filterBirthDate, filterLiveState, filterDeathDate, getDateStruct --]] local function filterBirthDate( value ) return mw.ustring.match( mw.ustring.upper( value ), "MISSING" ) or mw.ustring.match( mw.ustring.upper( value ), "UNKNOWN" ) or mw.ustring.match( value, "%?" ) or mw.ustring.match( value, "ዘይተፈልጠ ዓመት" ) or mw.ustring.match( value, "ዘይፍለጥ ዋጋ" ) end local function filterLiveState( value ) return mw.ustring.match( mw.ustring.upper( value ), "LIVING" ) or mw.ustring.match( mw.ustring.upper( value ), "ንበር" ) end local function filterDeathDate( value ) return filterLiveState( value ) or filterBirthDate( value ) end function p.catLivingStatus( birthdate, deathdate, noerrors ) local wd = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() local categories, errors = '', '' -- Birth date local result1, number1, margin1 = getDateStruct(wd, birthdate, 'P569', filterBirthDate) -- Death date local result2, number2, margin2 = getDateStruct(wd, deathdate, 'P570', filterDeathDate) -- Living status local living if ( result2 == '' and not filterLiveState( margin2 ) ) or ( result2 ~= '' and result2 ) then living = false -- sure elseif result1 and result1 ~= '' then if number1 < 0 then living = false -- sure elseif number1 then living = true -- maybe local curYear = tonumber(os.date( "%Y" )) local maxLive = (number1 + margin1 + 130) if curYear > maxLive then living = false end end end -- Categories if result1 == nil then errors = error('ዘይብቑዕ ዕለት ልደት') categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ኣብ ዘይተፈልጠ ዓመት ዝተወልዱ]]' -- unknown because not valid elseif result1 == false then errors = errors .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with Lifetime template without dates]]' categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ኣብ ዘይተፈልጠ ዓመት ዝተወልዱ]]' -- unknown because not set elseif result1 == '' then categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ኣብ ዘይተፈልጠ ዓመት ዝተወልዱ]]' -- known to be unknown else -- valid value categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ዝተወልዱ ብ' .. result1 .. ']]' end if result2 == nil then errors = error('ዘይብቑዕ ዕለት ሞት') -- categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ኣብ ዘይተፈልጠ ዓመት ዝሞቱ]]' -- unknown because not valid elseif result2 == false then if living then categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ንበሩ ሰባት]]' elseif living == false then -- can be unknown errors = errors .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with Lifetime template without dates]]' end elseif result2 == '' then if filterLiveState( margin2 ) then if living == false then categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ኣብ ዘይተፈልጠ ዓመት ዝሞቱ]]' -- unknown because not set errors = errors .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with Lifetime template without dates]]' errors = errors .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with problem in the Lifetime template]]' end else categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ኣብ ዘይተፈልጠ ዓመት ዝሞቱ]]' -- known to be unknown end else -- valid value categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ዝሞቱ ብ' .. result2 .. ']]' end if noerrors then return categories end return categories .. errors end --[[ @name sortKey @global none @param value @return string @descr Generates the ordering key of a person's name, through the data obtained automatically from Wikidata according to its different properties. --]] function p.sortKey( value ) local wd = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() local sortkey = '' if value and value ~= '' then sortkey = value elseif wd and -- wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P31' ).value == 'ወዲ ሰብ' -- wd.claims.P31[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == 'Q5' safereadtable(wd, 'claims', 'P31', 1, 'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'id') == 'Q5' then local givenname = wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P734' ).value local familyname = wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P735' ).value local secondfamilyname = wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P1950' ).value -- local birthname = wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P1477' ).value if familyname and familyname~= '' then sortkey = familyname if secondfamilyname and secondfamilyname ~= '' then sortkey = sortkey .. ' ' .. secondfamilyname end if givenname and givenname ~= '' then sortkey = sortkey .. '፣ ' .. givenname end else -- try roman format local nomen = wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P2359' ).value local cognomen = wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P2365' ).value local praenomen = wd:formatPropertyValues( 'P2358' ).value local unkval, notval = 'Unknown value', 'No value' nomen = nomen:gsub(unkval, ''):gsub(notval, ''):gsub('^, ', ''):gsub(', , ', ', ') cognomen = cognomen:gsub(unkval, ''):gsub(notval, ''):gsub('^, ', ''):gsub(', , ', ', ') praenomen = praenomen:gsub(unkval, ''):gsub(notval, ''):gsub('^, ', ''):gsub(', , ', ', ') if nomen and nomen ~= '' then sortkey = nomen if cognomen and cognomen ~= '' then sortkey = sortkey .. ' ' .. cognomen end if praenomen and praenomen ~= '' then sortkey = sortkey .. '፣ ' .. praenomen end end end end return sortkey end --[[ @main @global require('Module:ክርክራት') --]] function p.main ( frame ) local getArgs = require('Module:ክርክራት').getArgumentsWithValue local args = getArgs( frame ) -- Authority control local authorityControl = require('Module:Authority control').authorityControl local result = authorityControl(frame) .. '\n' -- frame:preprocess('{{Authority control}}\n') local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace if ns ~= 0 then return result end -- Sex/Gender result = result .. p.catSexGenderIdentity() -- Living status result = result .. p.catLivingStatus( args and args[1], args and args[2] ) -- Sort key local sortkey = p.sortKey( args and args[3] ) if sortkey and sortkey ~= '' then result = result .. frame:preprocess('{{DEFAULTSORT:' .. sortkey .. '}}\n') end -- Lifetime return result end return p 4jg07ndl4rfci1g25fp6g8z4efjpqjk 10 6159 24336 2023-06-21T23:44:06Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «<includeonly>{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{1}}}}}[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ብዘይግቡእ ዝተጠቕሙ ስሒራዊ ቃላት ዘለዎም ገጻት]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{1}}}}}[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ብዘይግቡእ ዝተጠቕሙ ስሒራዊ ቃላት ዘለዎም ገጻት]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 960mhxsdoijo780bp6phm9x0uf5sjxo 10 6160 24338 2023-06-22T00:01:19Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{#invoke:Lifetime|main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Lifetime|main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> bfqwyixcybqfp74l7jq9pnt0791fhmz 828 6161 24341 2023-06-22T01:28:04Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «local z = {} function z.getArguments(frame) if frame.args[1] then return frame.args end return frame:getParent().args end function z.getArgumentsWithValue(frame) if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then arguments = frame:getParent().args else arguments = frame.args or frame end return require('Module:Tables').copyElementsWithValue(arguments) end --[[ @name getArgumentsTable @global args @param frame @return table @descr Gets an argument ta...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local z = {} function z.getArguments(frame) if frame.args[1] then return frame.args end return frame:getParent().args end function z.getArgumentsWithValue(frame) if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then arguments = frame:getParent().args else arguments = frame.args or frame end return require('Module:Tables').copyElementsWithValue(arguments) end --[[ @name getArgumentsTable @global args @param frame @return table @descr Gets an argument table taking the parameters received from both the template and a module invocation. In the case of duplicates, the value of the invocation takes precedence. For example: with the template: {{Template |field=value |key=key }} and the invocation: {{#invoke:Module |key=value }} gets: { ['field'] = 'value', ['key'] = 'value' } --]] function z.getArgumentsTable(frame) -- global args args = {} local function paramMerge(orig, copy) local data = {} for key, val in pairs(orig) do data[key] = val end for key, val in pairs(copy) do data[key] = val end return data end if frame then -- parentArgs = frame:getParent().args or {} if type(frame.getParent) == 'function' then local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then args = paramMerge(args, parent.args) end end -- invokeArgs = frame.args or frame or {} if type(frame.args) == 'table' then args = paramMerge(args, frame.args) elseif type(frame) == 'table' then args = paramMerge(args, frame) end end return args end --[[ @name getArgumentsValue @global args @param list @return string or nil @descr Gets the first valid argument from a parameter table. This parameter table is a list containing the names of the arguments or other tables with the functions to get them. Parameters: with arguments: { ['field'] = 'value', ['key'] = 'value' } and using the call: getArgumentsValue{'data', 'field', 'key'} the value is obtained: 'value' since 'data' is not an argument and 'field' is the first found Functions: it can also be called with a function of the form getArgumentsValue{'data', { getData, '1', '2' }} so that if the argument 'data' does not exist, the function getData('1', '2') is called --]] function z.getArgumentsValue(list) -- global args local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local err, key if type(list) == 'number' then key = args[list] elseif type(list) == 'string' then key = args[list] or args[lang:ucfirst(list)] elseif type(list) == 'table' then for num, val in ipairs(list) do if type(val) == 'string' or type(val) == 'number' then key = z.getArgumentsValue(val) elseif type(val) == 'function' then err, key = pcall(val) if err ~= true then key = nil end elseif type(val) == 'table' then if val[1] and type(val[1]) == 'function' then err, key = pcall(val[1], unpack(val, 2)) if err ~= true then key = nil end end end if key ~= nil and key ~= '' then return key -- break end end end return key end return z eedsagguo0uz9qgvbx2hsgjfuulp8bi 828 6162 24349 24346 2023-06-22T02:23:53Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞድዩል:Color contrast]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements -- {{Color contrast ratio}} -- {{Greater color contrast ratio}} -- {{ColorToLum}} -- {{RGBColorToLum}} -- local p = {} local HTMLcolor = mw.loadData( 'Module:Color contrast/colors' ) local function sRGB ( v ) if (v <= 0.03928) then v = v / 12.92 else v = math.pow((v+0.055)/1.055, 2.4) end return v end local function rgbdec2lum( R, G, B ) if ( 0 <= R and R < 256 and 0 <= G and G < 256 and 0 <= B and B < 256 ) then return 0.2126 * sRGB(R/255) + 0.7152 * sRGB(G/255) + 0.0722 * sRGB(B/255) else return '' end end local function hsl2lum( h, s, l ) if ( 0 <= h and h < 360 and 0 <= s and s <= 1 and 0 <= l and l <= 1 ) then local c = (1 - math.abs(2*l - 1))*s local x = c*(1 - math.abs( math.fmod(h/60, 2) - 1) ) local m = l - c/2 local r, g, b = m, m, m if( 0 <= h and h < 60 ) then r = r + c g = g + x elseif( 60 <= h and h < 120 ) then r = r + x g = g + c elseif( 120 <= h and h < 180 ) then g = g + c b = b + x elseif( 180 <= h and h < 240 ) then g = g + x b = b + c elseif( 240 <= h and h < 300 ) then r = r + x b = b + c elseif( 300 <= h and h < 360 ) then r = r + c b = b + x end return rgbdec2lum(255*r, 255*g, 255*b) else return '' end end local function color2lum( c ) if (c == nil) then return '' end -- whitespace c = c:match( '^%s*(.-)[%s;]*$' ) -- unstrip nowiki strip markers c = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(c) -- lowercase c = c:lower() -- first try to look it up local L = HTMLcolor[c] if (L ~= nil) then return L end -- convert from hsl if mw.ustring.match(c,'^hsl%([%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*%)$') then local h, s, l = mw.ustring.match(c,'^hsl%([%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*%)$') return hsl2lum(tonumber(h), tonumber(s)/100, tonumber(l)/100) end -- convert from rgb if mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*%)$') then local R, G, B = mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*%)$') return rgbdec2lum(tonumber(R), tonumber(G), tonumber(B)) end -- convert from rgb percent if mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*%)$') then local R, G, B = mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*%)$') return rgbdec2lum(255*tonumber(R)/100, 255*tonumber(G)/100, 255*tonumber(B)/100) end -- remove leading # (if there is one) and whitespace c = mw.ustring.match(c, '^[%s#]*([a-f0-9]*)[%s]*$') -- split into rgb local cs = mw.text.split(c or '', '') if( #cs == 6 ) then local R = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[2]) local G = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[4]) local B = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[5]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[6]) return rgbdec2lum(R, G, B) elseif ( #cs == 3 ) then local R = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) local G = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[2]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[2]) local B = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) return rgbdec2lum(R, G, B) end -- failure, return blank return '' end function p._greatercontrast(args) local bias = tonumber(args['bias'] or '0') or 0 local v1 = color2lum(args[1] or '') local c2 = args[2] or '#FFFFFF' local v2 = color2lum(c2) local c3 = args[3] or '#000000' local v3 = color2lum(c3) local ratio1 = 0; local ratio2 = 0; if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v2) == 'number') then ratio1 = (v2 + 0.05)/(v1 + 0.05) ratio1 = (ratio1 < 1) and 1/ratio1 or ratio1 end if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v3) == 'number') then ratio2 = (v3 + 0.05)/(v1 + 0.05) ratio2 = (ratio2 < 1) and 1/ratio2 or ratio2 end return (ratio1 + bias > ratio2) and c2 or c3 end function p._ratio(args) local v1 = color2lum(args[1]) local v2 = color2lum(args[2]) if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v2) == 'number') then -- v1 should be the brighter of the two. if v2 > v1 then v1, v2 = v2, v1 end return (v1 + 0.05)/(v2 + 0.05) else return args['error'] or '?' end end function p._styleratio(args) local style = (args[1] or ''):lower() local bg, fg = 'white', 'black' local lum_bg, lum_fg = 1, 0 if args[2] then local lum = color2lum(args[2]) if lum ~= '' then bg, lum_bg = args[2], lum end end if args[3] then local lum = color2lum(args[3]) if lum ~= '' then fg, lum_fg = args[3], lum end end local slist = mw.text.split(style or '', ';') for k = 1,#slist do s = slist[k] local k,v = s:match( '^[%s]*([^:]-):([^:]-)[%s;]*$' ) k = k or '' v = v or '' if (k:match('^[%s]*(background)[%s]*$') or k:match('^[%s]*(background%-color)[%s]*$')) then local lum = color2lum(v) if( lum ~= '' ) then bg, lum_bg = v, lum end elseif (k:match('^[%s]*(color)[%s]*$')) then local lum = color2lum(v) if( lum ~= '' ) then bg, lum_fg = v, lum end end end if lum_bg > lum_fg then return (lum_bg + 0.05)/(lum_fg + 0.05) else return (lum_fg + 0.05)/(lum_bg + 0.05) end end function p.lum(frame) return color2lum(frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1]) end function p.ratio(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args return p._ratio(args) end function p.styleratio(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args return p._styleratio(args) end function p.greatercontrast(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args return p._greatercontrast(args) end return p hvtmcsb4mviz7lzj6tgvyp5kohk0vr7 828 6163 24348 24347 2023-06-22T02:23:19Z Joanmp14 5782 Protected "[[ሞድዩል:Color contrast/colors]]" ([ኣመዓራርይ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [ክንቀሳቐስ=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite)) Scribunto text/plain return { aliceblue = 0.92880068253475, antiquewhite = 0.84646951707754, aqua = 0.7874, aquamarine = 0.8078549208338, azure = 0.97265264954166, beige = 0.8988459998705, bisque = 0.80732327372979, black = 0, blanchedalmond = 0.85084439608156, blue = 0.0722, blueviolet = 0.12622014321946, brown = 0.098224287876511, burlywood = 0.51559844533893, cadetblue = 0.29424681085422, chartreuse = 0.76032025902623, chocolate = 0.23898526114557, coral = 0.37017930872924, cornflowerblue = 0.30318641994179, cornsilk = 0.93562110372965, crimson = 0.16042199953026, cyan = 0.7874, darkblue = 0.018640801980939, darkcyan = 0.20329317839046, darkgoldenrod = 0.27264703559993, darkgray = 0.39675523072563, darkgreen = 0.091143429047575, darkgrey = 0.39675523072563, darkkhaki = 0.45747326349994, darkmagenta = 0.07353047651207, darkolivegreen = 0.12651920884889, darkorange = 0.40016167026524, darkorchid = 0.13413142174857, darkred = 0.054889674531132, darksalmon = 0.40541471563381, darkseagreen = 0.43789249325969, darkslateblue = 0.065792846227988, darkslategray = 0.067608151928044, darkslategrey = 0.067608151928044, darkturquoise = 0.4874606277449, darkviolet = 0.10999048339343, deeppink = 0.23866895828276, deepskyblue = 0.44481603395575, dimgray = 0.14126329114027, dimgrey = 0.14126329114027, dodgerblue = 0.27442536991456, firebrick = 0.10724525535015, floralwhite = 0.95922484825004, forestgreen = 0.18920812076002, fuchsia = 0.2848, gainsboro = 0.71569350050648, ghostwhite = 0.94311261886323, gold = 0.69860877428159, goldenrod = 0.41919977809569, gray = 0.2158605001139, green = 0.15438342968146, greenyellow = 0.80609472611453, grey = 0.2158605001139, honeydew = 0.96336535554782, hotpink = 0.34658438169715, indianred = 0.21406134963884, indigo = 0.03107561486337, ivory = 0.99071270600615, khaki = 0.77012343394121, lavender = 0.80318750514521, lavenderblush = 0.90172748631046, lawngreen = 0.73905893124963, lemonchiffon = 0.94038992245622, lightblue = 0.63709141280807, lightcoral = 0.35522120733135, lightcyan = 0.94587293494829, lightgoldenrodyellow = 0.93348351018297, lightgray = 0.65140563741982, lightgreen = 0.69091979956865, lightgrey = 0.65140563741982, lightpink = 0.58566152734898, lightsalmon = 0.4780675225206, lightseagreen = 0.35050145117042, lightskyblue = 0.56195637618331, lightslategray = 0.23830165007287, lightslategrey = 0.23830165007287, lightsteelblue = 0.53983888284666, lightyellow = 0.98161818392882, lime = 0.7152, limegreen = 0.44571042246098, linen = 0.88357340984379, magenta = 0.2848, maroon = 0.045891942324215, mediumaquamarine = 0.49389703310801, mediumblue = 0.044077780212328, mediumorchid = 0.21639251153773, mediumpurple = 0.22905858091648, mediumseagreen = 0.34393112338131, mediumslateblue = 0.20284629471622, mediumspringgreen = 0.70704308194184, mediumturquoise = 0.5133827926448, mediumvioletred = 0.14371899849357, midnightblue = 0.02071786635086, mintcream = 0.97834604947588, mistyrose = 0.82183047859185, moccasin = 0.80083000991567, navajowhite = 0.76519682342785, navy = 0.015585128108224, oldlace = 0.91900633405549, olive = 0.20027537200568, olivedrab = 0.22593150951929, orange = 0.4817026703631, orangered = 0.25516243753416, orchid = 0.31348806761439, palegoldenrod = 0.78792647887614, palegreen = 0.77936759006353, paleturquoise = 0.76436077921714, palevioletred = 0.28754994117889, papayawhip = 0.87797100199835, peachpuff = 0.74905589878251, peru = 0.30113074877936, pink = 0.63271070702466, plum = 0.45734221587969, powderblue = 0.68254586500605, purple = 0.061477070432439, rebeccapurple = 0.07492341159447, red = 0.2126, rosybrown = 0.32319457649407, royalblue = 0.16663210743188, saddlebrown = 0.097922285020521, salmon = 0.36977241527596, sandybrown = 0.46628543696283, seagreen = 0.19734199706275, seashell = 0.92737862206922, sienna = 0.13697631337098, silver = 0.52711512570581, skyblue = 0.55291668518184, slateblue = 0.14784278062136, slategray = 0.20896704076536, slategrey = 0.20896704076536, snow = 0.96533341834849, springgreen = 0.73052306068529, steelblue = 0.20562642207625, tan = 0.48237604163921, teal = 0.16996855778968, thistle = 0.56818401093733, tomato = 0.30638612719415, turquoise = 0.5895536427578, violet = 0.40315452986676, wheat = 0.74909702820482, white = 1, whitesmoke = 0.91309865179342, yellow = 0.9278, yellowgreen = 0.50762957208707, } chi69ar1btd4wp6xbk3uez6sfu0vipn 828 6164 24350 2023-06-22T02:25:14Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «-- -- This module implements {{Navbox}} -- local p = {} local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar local getArgs -- lazily initialized local args local tableRowAdded = false local border local listnums = {} local function trim(s) return (mw.ustring.gsub(s, "^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1")) end local function addNewline(s) if s:match('^[*:;#]') or s:match('^{|') then return '\n' .. s ..'\n' else return s end end local function ad...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements {{Navbox}} -- local p = {} local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar local getArgs -- lazily initialized local args local tableRowAdded = false local border local listnums = {} local function trim(s) return (mw.ustring.gsub(s, "^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1")) end local function addNewline(s) if s:match('^[*:;#]') or s:match('^{|') then return '\n' .. s ..'\n' else return s end end local function addTableRow(tbl) -- If any other rows have already been added, then we add a 2px gutter row. if tableRowAdded then tbl :tag('tr') :css('height', '2px') :tag('td') :attr('colspan',2) end tableRowAdded = true return tbl:tag('tr') end local function renderNavBar(titleCell) -- Depending on the presence of the navbar and/or show/hide link, we may need to add a spacer div on the left -- or right to keep the title centered. local spacerSide = nil if args.navbar == 'off' then -- No navbar, and client wants no spacer, i.e. wants the title to be shifted to the left. If there's -- also no show/hide link, then we need a spacer on the right to achieve the left shift. if args.state == 'plain' then spacerSide = 'right' end elseif args.navbar == 'plain' or (not args.name and mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent():getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') == 'Template:Navbox') then -- No navbar. Need a spacer on the left to balance out the width of the show/hide link. if args.state ~= 'plain' then spacerSide = 'left' end else -- Will render navbar (or error message). If there's no show/hide link, need a spacer on the right -- to balance out the width of the navbar. if args.state == 'plain' then spacerSide = 'right' end titleCell:wikitext(navbar{ args.name, mini = 1, fontstyle = (args.basestyle or '') .. ';' .. (args.titlestyle or '') .. ';background:none transparent;border:none;' }) end -- Render the spacer div. if spacerSide then titleCell :tag('span') :css('float', spacerSide) :css('width', '6em') :wikitext('&nbsp;') end end -- -- Title row -- local function renderTitleRow(tbl) if not args.title then return end local titleRow = addTableRow(tbl) if args.titlegroup then titleRow :tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :addClass('navbox-group') :addClass(args.titlegroupclass) :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.groupstyle) :cssText(args.titlegroupstyle) :wikitext(args.titlegroup) end local titleCell = titleRow:tag('th'):attr('scope', 'col') if args.titlegroup then titleCell :css('border-left', '2px solid #fdfdfd') :css('width', '100%') end local titleColspan = 2 if args.imageleft then titleColspan = titleColspan + 1 end if args.image then titleColspan = titleColspan + 1 end if args.titlegroup then titleColspan = titleColspan - 1 end titleCell :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.titlestyle) :addClass('navbox-title') :attr('colspan', titleColspan) renderNavBar(titleCell) titleCell :tag('div') :attr('id', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.title)) :addClass(args.titleclass) :css('font-size', '114%') :wikitext(addNewline(args.title)) end -- -- Above/Below rows -- local function getAboveBelowColspan() local ret = 2 if args.imageleft then ret = ret + 1 end if args.image then ret = ret + 1 end return ret end local function renderAboveRow(tbl) if not args.above then return end addTableRow(tbl) :tag('td') :addClass('navbox-abovebelow') :addClass(args.aboveclass) :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.abovestyle) :attr('colspan', getAboveBelowColspan()) :tag('div') :wikitext(addNewline(args.above)) end local function renderBelowRow(tbl) if not args.below then return end addTableRow(tbl) :tag('td') :addClass('navbox-abovebelow') :addClass(args.belowclass) :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.belowstyle) :attr('colspan', getAboveBelowColspan()) :tag('div') :wikitext(addNewline(args.below)) end -- -- List rows -- local function renderListRow(tbl, listnum) local row = addTableRow(tbl) if listnum == 1 and args.imageleft then row :tag('td') :addClass('navbox-image') :addClass(args.imageclass) :css('width', '0%') :css('padding', '0px 2px 0px 0px') :cssText(args.imageleftstyle) :attr('rowspan', 2 * #listnums - 1) :tag('div') :wikitext(addNewline(args.imageleft)) end if args['group' .. listnum] then local groupCell = row:tag('th') groupCell :attr('scope', 'row') :addClass('navbox-group') :addClass(args.groupclass) :cssText(args.basestyle) if args.groupwidth then groupCell:css('width', args.groupwidth) end groupCell :cssText(args.groupstyle) :cssText(args['group' .. listnum .. 'style']) :wikitext(args['group' .. listnum]) end local listCell = row:tag('td') if args['group' .. listnum] then listCell :css('text-align', 'left') :css('border-left-width', '2px') :css('border-left-style', 'solid') else listCell:attr('colspan', 2) end if not args.groupwidth then listCell:css('width', '100%') end local isOdd = (listnum % 2) == 1 local rowstyle = args.evenstyle if isOdd then rowstyle = args.oddstyle end local evenOdd if args.evenodd == 'swap' then if isOdd then evenOdd = 'even' else evenOdd = 'odd' end else if isOdd then evenOdd = args.evenodd or 'odd' else evenOdd = args.evenodd or 'even' end end listCell :css('padding', '0px') :cssText(args.liststyle) :cssText(rowstyle) :cssText(args['list' .. listnum .. 'style']) :addClass('navbox-list') :addClass('navbox-' .. evenOdd) :addClass(args.listclass) :tag('div') :css('padding', (listnum == 1 and args.list1padding) or args.listpadding or '0em 0.25em') :wikitext(addNewline(args['list' .. listnum])) if listnum == 1 and args.image then row :tag('td') :addClass('navbox-image') :addClass(args.imageclass) :css('width', '0%') :css('padding', '0px 0px 0px 2px') :cssText(args.imagestyle) :attr('rowspan', 2 * #listnums - 1) :tag('div') :wikitext(addNewline(args.image)) end end -- -- Tracking categories -- local function needsHorizontalLists() if border == 'child' or border == 'subgroup' or args.tracking == 'no' then return false end local listClasses = {'plainlist', 'hlist', 'hlist hnum', 'hlist hwrap', 'hlist vcard', 'vcard hlist', 'hlist vevent'} for i, cls in ipairs(listClasses) do if args.listclass == cls or args.bodyclass == cls then return false end end return true end local function hasBackgroundColors() return mw.ustring.match(args.titlestyle or '','background') or mw.ustring.match(args.groupstyle or '','background') or mw.ustring.match(args.basestyle or '','background') end local function isIllegible() local styleratio = require('Module:Color contrast')._styleratio for key, style in pairs(args) do if tostring(key):match("style$") then if styleratio{mw.text.unstripNoWiki(style)} < 4.5 then return true end end end return false end local function getTrackingCategories() local cats = {} if needsHorizontalLists() then table.insert(cats, 'ዊኪፐድያ:Navigation templates without horizontal lists') end if hasBackgroundColors() then table.insert(cats, 'ዊኪፐድያ:Navigation templates with background colors') end if isIllegible() then table.insert(cats, 'ዊኪፐድያ:Potentially unreadable navigation templates') end return cats end local function renderTrackingCategories(builder) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.namespace ~= 10 then return end -- not in template space if title.namespace ~= 14 then return end local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == 'doc' or subpage == 'sandbox' or subpage == 'testcases' then return end for i, cat in ipairs(getTrackingCategories()) do builder:wikitext('[[Category:' .. cat .. ']]') end end -- -- Main navbox tables -- local function renderMainTable() local tbl = mw.html.create('table') :addClass(args.bodyclass) if args.title and (args.state ~= 'plain' and args.state ~= 'off') then tbl :addClass('collapsible') :addClass(args.state or 'autocollapse') end tbl:css('border-spacing', 0) if border == 'subgroup' or border == 'child' or border == 'none' then tbl :addClass('navbox-subgroup') :cssText(args.bodystyle) :cssText(args.style) else -- regular navobx - bodystyle and style will be applied to the wrapper table tbl :addClass('navbox-inner') :css('background', 'transparent') :css('color', 'inherit') end tbl:cssText(args.innerstyle) renderTitleRow(tbl) renderAboveRow(tbl) for i, listnum in ipairs(listnums) do renderListRow(tbl, listnum) end renderBelowRow(tbl) return tbl end function p._navbox(navboxArgs) args = navboxArgs for k, v in pairs(args) do local listnum = ('' .. k):match('^list(%d+)$') if listnum then table.insert(listnums, tonumber(listnum)) end end table.sort(listnums) border = trim(args.border or args[1] or '') -- render the main body of the navbox local tbl = renderMainTable() -- render the appropriate wrapper around the navbox, depending on the border param local res = mw.html.create() if border == 'none' then local nav = res:tag('div') :attr('role', 'navigation') :node(tbl) if args.title then nav:attr('aria-labelledby', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.title)) else nav:attr('aria-label', 'Navbox') end elseif border == 'subgroup' or border == 'child' then -- We assume that this navbox is being rendered in a list cell of a parent navbox, and is -- therefore inside a div with padding:0em 0.25em. We start with a </div> to avoid the -- padding being applied, and at the end add a <div> to balance out the parent's </div> res :wikitext('</div>') -- XXX: hack due to lack of unclosed support in mw.html. :node(tbl) :wikitext('<div>') -- XXX: hack due to lack of unclosed support in mw.html. else local nav = res:tag('div') :attr('role', 'navigation') :addClass('navbox') :cssText(args.bodystyle) :cssText(args.style) :css('padding', '3px') :node(tbl) if args.title then nav:attr('aria-labelledby', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.title)) else nav:attr('aria-label', 'Navbox') end end renderTrackingCategories(res) return tostring(res) end function p.navbox(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Navbox'}) -- Read the arguments in the order they'll be output in, to make references number in the right order. local _ _ = args.title _ = args.above for i = 1, 20 do _ = args["group" .. tostring(i)] _ = args["list" .. tostring(i)] end _ = args.below return p._navbox(args) end return p 0lpzowxrp7043rj707bajzhp14pbrs5 828 6165 24366 24351 2023-06-22T15:02:28Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals') local function cleanLink ( link, style ) -- similar to mw.uri.encode local wikiLink = link if style == 'PATH' then wikiLink = mw.ustring.gsub( wikiLink, ' ', '%%%%20' ) elseif style == 'WIKI' then wikiLink = mw.ustring.gsub( wikiLink, ' ', '_' ) else -- if style == 'QUERY' then -- default wikiLink = mw.ustring.gsub( wikiLink, ' ', '+' ) end wikiLink = mw.ustring.gsub( wikiLink, '%[', '%%5B' ) wikiLink = mw.ustring.gsub( wikiLink, '%]', '%%5D' ) wikiLink = mw.ustring.gsub( wikiLink, '%"', '%%%%22' ) return wikiLink end local function generic ( id, link, parameter ) local idlink = cleanLink( id, 'PATH' ) link = mw.ustring.gsub( link, '$1', idlink ) return '[' .. link .. ' ' .. id .. ']' end local function noLink ( id, link, parameter ) -- avoid generating an external link together with the identifier return id end local function commonscat ( id, link, parameter ) -- special representation of the link to the Commons categories, to maintain the interwiki link format local idlink = cleanLink( id, 'WIKI' ) link = mw.ustring.gsub( link, '$1', idlink ) return '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. link .. ' ' .. id .. ']</span>' end local function sisterprojects ( id, link, parameter ) -- interproject links local prefix = { -- Example: -- enwiki = 'w:en', commonswiki = 'c', enwikivoyage = 'voy', tiwiktionary = 'wikt', enwikibooks = 'b', enwikinews = 'n', enwikiversity = 'v', enwikiquote = 'q', enwikisource = 's', mediawikiwiki = 'mw', metawiki = 'm', specieswiki = 'species' } if prefix[ parameter ] then return '[['..prefix[ parameter ]..':'..id..'|'..id..']]' end return false end function getCommonsValue ( itemId ) local commonslink = '' local categories = '' local property = getIdsFromWikidata( itemId, 'P373' ) if property and property[1] then property = property[1] commonslink = commonslink .. getLink( 373, property, commonscat ) else property = '' end local sitelink = getIdsFromSitelinks( itemId, 'commonswiki' ) if sitelink and sitelink[1] then sitelink = sitelink[1] if sitelink ~= 'Category:' .. property then if commonslink == '' then commonslink = commonslink .. sisterprojects( sitelink, nil, 'commonswiki' ) end end else sitelink = '' end if property and sitelink then if sitelink ~= 'Category:' .. property then -- categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Authority control with non-Commons links]]' end elseif sitelink then -- not property -- categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Authority control without Commonscat]]' elseif property then -- not sitelink -- categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Authority control without Commons]]' else -- not property and not sitelink -- categories = categories .. '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Authority control without any Commons link]]' end if commonslink ~= '' then -- Special:MediaSearch local mediasearch = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22$1%22' commonslink = commonslink .. ' / ' .. commonscat( itemId, mediasearch ) return { commonslink .. categories } end return {} end local conf = {} --In this order: name of the parameter, label, propertyId in Wikidata, formatting function, category id -- -- name of the parameter: unique name -- -- label: internal link in wiki format -- -- propertyId in Wikidata: number without 'P' suffix -- -- formatting function: one of these four options -- -- -- local function (like 'generic') -- -- -- string 'y' (yes), to show a default identifier 'ID' -- -- -- string 'n' (no), to show the real identifier -- -- -- any other string, to show this string as identifier ('id', 'url', 'link', ...) -- -- category id: one of these tree options -- -- -- number 0, to not add category -- -- -- number 1, to add a category based on the name of the parameter -- -- -- any string, to add a category based on this string conf.databases = {} conf.databases[1] = {} conf.databases[1].name = 'Authority control' conf.databases[1].list = { { title = 'ፕሮጀክታት ዊኪሜድያ', group = { { 'Wikidata', '[[ፋይል:Wikidata-logo.svg|20px|link=Wikidata|alt=Wd|Wikidata]] መዋፈሪ ሓበሬታ', 'Wikidata:$1', 'n', 0 }, { 'Commons', '[[ፋይል:Commons-logo.svg|15px|link=Wikimedia Commons|alt=Commonscat|Commonscat]] ሕብረ-ሜድያዊ', getCommonsValue, 'n', 0 }, { 'Wikivoyage', '[[ፋይል:Wikivoyage-logo.svg|15px|link=Wikivoyage|alt=Wikivoyage|Wikivoyage]] ሓባሪ ጉዕዞ', 'enwikivoyage', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Wiktionary', '[[ፋይል:Wiktionary-logo.svg|15px|link=Wiktionary|alt=Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] መዝገበ-ቃላት', 'tiwiktionary', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Wikibooks', '[[ፋይል:Wikibooks-logo.svg|15px|link=Wikibooks|alt=Wikibooks|Wikibooks]] መምሃሪ መጻሕፍትን መምርሒታትን', 'enwikibooks', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Wikinews', '[[ፋይል:Wikinews-logo.svg|20px|link=Wikinews|alt=Wikinews|Wikinews]] ዜና', 'enwikinews', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Wikiversity', '[[ፋይል:Wikiversity-logo.svg|15px|link=Wikiversity|alt=Wikiversity|Wikiversity]] መምሃሪ ሃብቲ', 'enwikiversity', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Wikiquote', '[[ፋይል:Wikiquote-logo.svg|15px|link=Wikiquote|alt=Wikiquote|Wikiquote]] ጥርናፈ ጥቕስታት', 'enwikiquote', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Wikisource', '[[ፋይል:Wikisource-logo.svg|15px|link=Wikisource|alt=Wikisource|Wikisource]] ቤተ-መጻሕፍቲ', 'enwikisource', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'MediaWiki', '[[ፋይል:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|20px|link=MediaWiki|alt=MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] ሜድያዊኪ', 'mediawikiwiki', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Meta-Wiki', '[[ፋይል:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|15px|link=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki|alt=Meta-Wiki|Meta-Wiki]] ምውህሃድ', 'metawiki', sisterprojects, 0 }, { 'Wikispecies', '[[ፋይል:Wikispecies-logo.svg|15px|link=Wikispecies|alt=Wikispecies|Wikispecies]] ዓይነታት', 'specieswiki', sisterprojects, 0 }, }, }, } -- -- Example row: -- -- conf.databases[2] = {} -- conf.databases[2].name = 'External links' -- conf.databases[2].list = { -- { -- title = '', -- group = { -- { 'Website', 'Website', 856, 'n', 0 }, -- }, -- }, -- } --In this order: alternate name, name of parameter from databases table conf.aliases = { { 'Wd', 'Wikidata' }, { 'PND', 'GND' }, { 'Commonscat', 'Commons' }, } local function getCatForId( parameter, category ) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local namespace = title.namespace if category == 0 then return '' elseif category == 1 then category = parameter end if namespace == 0 then return '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Articles with identifiers ' .. category .. ']]\n' elseif namespace == 2 and not title.isSubpage then return '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:User pages with identifiers ' .. category .. ']]\n' else return '[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Miscellaneous pages with identifiers ' .. category .. ']]\n' end end function getIdsFromSitelinks( itemId, property ) local ids = {} local siteLink = itemId and mw.wikibase.getSitelink( itemId, property ) if siteLink then table.insert( ids, siteLink ) end return ids end function getIdsFromWikidata( itemId, property ) local ids = {} local statements = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(itemId, property) for _, statement in pairs( statements) do if statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert( ids, statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value ) end end return ids end function getLink( property, val, mask ) local link = '' if mw.ustring.find( val, '//' ) then link = val else if type(property) == 'number' then local entityObject = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject('P'..property) local dataType = entityObject.datatype if dataType == 'external-id' then local allStatements = entityObject:getAllStatements('P1630') if allStatements then for pos = 1, #allStatements, 1 do local q = allStatements[pos].qualifiers if q and q.P407 and q.P407[1].datavalue.value.id == 'Q1321' then link = allStatements[pos].mainsnak.datavalue.value end end end if link == '' then local formatterURL = entityObject:getBestStatements('P1630')[1] if formatterURL then link = formatterURL.mainsnak.datavalue.value else local formatterURL = entityObject:getBestStatements('P3303')[1] if formatterURL then link = formatterURL.mainsnak.datavalue.value end end end elseif dataType == 'url' then local subjectItem = entityObject:getBestStatements('P1629')[1] if subjectItem then local officialWebsite = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(subjectItem.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id, 'P856')[1] if officialWebsite then link = officialWebsite.mainsnak.datavalue.value end end elseif dataType == 'string' then local formatterURL = entityObject:getBestStatements('P1630')[1] if formatterURL then link = formatterURL.mainsnak.datavalue.value else local formatterURL = entityObject:getBestStatements('P3303')[1] if formatterURL then link = formatterURL.mainsnak.datavalue.value else local subjectItem = entityObject:getBestStatements('P1629')[1] if subjectItem then local officialWebsite = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(subjectItem.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id,'P856')[1] if officialWebsite then link = officialWebsite.mainsnak.datavalue.value end end end end end elseif type(property) == 'string' then link = property end end link = mw.ustring.gsub(link, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?)&#58;//', 'http%1://') -- fix wikidata URL if type(mask) == 'function' then return mask( val, link, property ) end link = mw.ustring.gsub(link, '$1', mw.ustring.gsub( mw.ustring.gsub( val, '%%', '%%%%' ), ' ', '%%%%20' ) or val ) if mw.ustring.find( link, '//' ) then if type(mask) == 'string' then link = cleanLink( link, 'PATH' ) if mask == 'y' then return '['..link..' ID]' elseif mask == 'n' then return '['..link..' '..val..']' end return '['..link..' '..mask..']' end elseif link == '' then return val else return '[['..link..'|'..val..']]' end end local function createRow( id, label, rawValue, link, withUid ) if link then if label and label ~= '' then label = '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">'..label .. ':</span> ' end if withUid then return '* ' .. label .. '<span class="uid">' .. link .. '</span>\n' else return '* ' .. label .. link .. '\n' end else return '* <span class="error">The ' .. id .. ' id ' .. rawValue .. ' is not valid</span>[[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:Pages with authority control issues]]\n' end end local function copyTable(inTable) if type(inTable) ~= 'table' then return inTable end local outTable = setmetatable({}, getmetatable(inTable)) for key, value in pairs (inTable) do outTable[copyTable(key)] = copyTable(value) end return outTable end local function splitLccn( id ) if id:match( '^%l%l?%l?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?%d?$' ) then id = id:gsub( '^(%l+)(%d+)(%d%d%d%d%d%d)$', '%1/%2/%3' ) end if id:match( '^%l%l?%l?/%d%d%d?%d?/%d+$' ) then return mw.text.split( id, '/' ) end return false end local p = {} function p.authorityControl( frame ) local pArgs = frame:getParent().args local parentArgs = copyTable(pArgs) local stringArgs = false local fromForCount, itemCount, rowCount = 1, 0, 0 local mobileContent = '' --Cleanup args for k, v in pairs( pArgs ) do if type(k) == 'string' then --make args case insensitive local lowerk = mw.ustring.lower(k) if not parentArgs[lowerk] or parentArgs[lowerk] == '' then parentArgs[lowerk] = v parentArgs[k] = nil end --remap abc to abc1 if not mw.ustring.find(lowerk, '%d$') then --if no number at end of param if not parentArgs[lowerk..'1'] or parentArgs[lowerk..'1'] == '' then parentArgs[lowerk..'1'] = v parentArgs[lowerk] = nil end end if v and v ~= '' then --find highest from param if mw.ustring.sub(lowerk,1,4) == 'from' then local fromNumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.sub(lowerk,5,-1)) if fromNumber and fromNumber >= fromForCount then fromForCount = fromNumber end elseif mw.ustring.sub(lowerk,1,3) == 'for' then local forNumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.sub(lowerk,4,-1)) if forNumber and forNumber >= fromForCount then fromForCount = forNumber end elseif mw.ustring.lower(v) ~= 'no' and lowerk ~= 'for' then stringArgs = true end end end end --Setup navbox local navboxParams = { name = 'Authority control', bodyclass = 'hlist', groupstyle = 'width: 12%; text-align:center;', } for f = 1, fromForCount, 1 do local title = {} --cleanup parameters if parentArgs['from'..f] == '' then parentArgs['from'..f] = nil end if parentArgs['for'..f] == '' then parentArgs['for'..f] = nil end --remap aliases for _, a in pairs( conf.aliases ) do local alias, name = mw.ustring.lower(a[1]), mw.ustring.lower(a[2]) if parentArgs[alias..f] and not parentArgs[name..f] then parentArgs[name..f] = parentArgs[alias..f] parentArgs[alias..f] = nil end end --Fetch Wikidata item local itemId = parentArgs['from'..f] or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() local label = itemId and (mw.wikibase.getSitelink(itemId) or mw.wikibase.getLabel(itemId)) or '' if label and label ~= '' then title = mw.title.new(label) if not title then title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end if (not parentArgs['wikidata'..f] or parentArgs['wikidata'..f] == '') and (title.namespace == 0 or title.namespace == 104) then parentArgs['wikidata'..f] = parentArgs['from'..f] or itemId or '' end if title.namespace == 0 or title.namespace == 104 or stringArgs then --Only in the main namespaces or if there are manual overrides if fromForCount > 1 and #conf.databases > 1 then if parentArgs['for'..f] and parentArgs['for'..f] ~= '' then navboxParams['list'..(rowCount + 1)] = "'''" .. parentArgs['for'..f] .. "'''" else navboxParams['list'..(rowCount + 1)] = "'''" .. title.text .. "'''" end navboxParams['list'..(rowCount + 1)..'style'] = 'background-color: #ddf;' rowCount = rowCount + 1 end for _, db in pairs( conf.databases ) do if db.list and #db.list > 0 then local listElements = {} for n, gr in pairs( db.list ) do local groupElements = {} if gr.group and #gr.group > 0 then for _, params in pairs( gr.group ) do local id = mw.ustring.lower( params[1] ) -- Wikidata fallback if requested if itemId and params[3] ~= 0 and (not parentArgs[id..f] or parentArgs[id..f] == '') then local wikidataIds = {} if type( params[3] ) == 'function' then wikidataIds = params[3]( itemId ) elseif type( params[3] ) == 'string' then wikidataIds = getIdsFromSitelinks(itemId, params[3] ) else wikidataIds = getIdsFromWikidata( itemId, 'P' .. params[3] ) end if wikidataIds[1] then parentArgs[id..f] = wikidataIds[1] end end -- Worldcat if id == 'issn' and parentArgs['worldcatid'..f] and parentArgs['worldcatid'..f] ~= '' then -- 'issn' is the first element following the 'wikidata' item table.insert( groupElements, createRow( id, '', parentArgs['worldcatid'..f], '[//www.worldcat.org/identities/' .. parentArgs['worldcatid'..f] .. ' WorldCat]', false ) ) --Validation? elseif id == 'viaf' and parentArgs[id..f] and string.match( parentArgs[id..f], '^%d+$' ) and not parentArgs['worldcatid'..f] then -- Hackishly copy the validation code; this should go away when we move to using P1793 and P1630 table.insert( groupElements, createRow( id, '', parentArgs[id..f], '[//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/' .. parentArgs[id..f] .. ' WorldCat]', false ) ) elseif id == 'lccn' and parentArgs[id..f] and parentArgs[id..f] ~= '' and not parentArgs['viaf'..f] and not parentArgs['worldcatid'..f] then local lccnParts = splitLccn( parentArgs[id..f] ) if lccnParts and lccnParts[1] ~= 'sh' then table.insert( groupElements, createRow( id, '', parentArgs[id..f], '[//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-' .. lccnParts[1] .. lccnParts[2] .. '-' .. lccnParts[3] .. ' WorldCat]', false ) ) end end local val = parentArgs[id..f] if val and val ~= '' and mw.ustring.lower(val) ~= 'no' and params[3] ~= 0 then local link if type( params[3] ) == 'function' then link = val else link = getLink( params[3], val, params[4] ) end if link and link ~= '' then table.insert( groupElements, createRow( id, params[2], val, link, true ) .. getCatForId( params[1], params[5] or 0 ) ) itemCount = itemCount + 1 end end end if #groupElements > 0 then if gr.title and gr.title ~= '' then table.insert( listElements, "* '''"..gr.title.."'''\n" ) end table.insert( listElements, table.concat( groupElements ) ) if n == 1 and #groupElements > 1 then table.insert( listElements, "\n----\n" ) end -- mobile version if n == 1 then mobileContent = table.concat( groupElements ) end end end end -- Generate navbox title if #listElements > 0 then if fromForCount > 1 and #conf.databases == 1 then if parentArgs['for'..f] and parentArgs['for'..f] ~= '' then navboxParams['group'..(rowCount + 1)] = "''" .. parentArgs['for'..f] .. "''" else navboxParams['group'..(rowCount + 1)] = "''" .. title.text .. "''" end else navboxParams['group'..(rowCount + 1)] = db.name or '' end navboxParams['list'..(rowCount + 1)] = table.concat( listElements ) rowCount = rowCount + 1 end end end end end if rowCount > 0 then local Navbox = require('Module:Navbox') if fromForCount > 1 then --add missing names for r = 1, rowCount, 1 do if navboxParams['group'..r] == '' then navboxParams['group'..r] = "''" .. mw.wikibase.getEntity(parentArgs['wikidata'..r]):getLabel().."''" end end if fromForCount > 2 then navboxParams['navbar'] = 'plain' else navboxParams['state'] = 'off' navboxParams['navbar'] = 'off' end end local mainCategories = '' if stringArgs then mainCategories = mainCategories .. '[[Category:ዊኪፐድያ:Pages using authority control with parameters]]\n' end if itemCount > 13 then if itemCount > 30 then itemCount = 'more than 30' end mainCategories = mainCategories .. '[[Category:ዊኪፐድያ:Authority control with 3 ' .. itemCount .. ' elements]]\n' end navboxParams['style'] = 'width: inherit'; return frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Template:Authority control/styles.css' } } .. tostring( mw.html.create( 'div' ) :addClass( 'mw-authority-control' ) :wikitext( Navbox._navbox( navboxParams ) ) :done() :tag('div') :addClass( 'mw-mf-linked-projects' ) :addClass( 'hlist' ) :newline() :wikitext( mobileContent ) :done() :done() ) .. mainCategories else return '' end end return p suzypbw9glxbb56k51lkdayv8jwn4ey 10 6166 24352 2023-06-22T03:01:02Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{#invoke:Authority control|authorityControl}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Authority control|authorityControl}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 45n4nzrm694gtmj9qqwj32o79ghtbr0 10 6167 24370 24353 2023-06-22T23:58:23Z Joanmp14 5782 Joanmp14 moved page [[ሞደል:Authority control/style.css]] to [[ሞደል:Authority control/styles.css]] without leaving a redirect sanitized-css text/css /** * [[መደብ:ዊኪፐድያ:ንኡሳን ገጻት ቅዲ ሞደላት]] */ .mw-authority-control { margin-top: 1.5em; } .mw-authority-control .navbox table { margin: 0; } .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child { display: none; } .mw-authority-control .navbox + .mw-mf-linked-projects { display: none; } .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects { display: flex; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; background-color: #eaecf0; color: #222222; } .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li { margin-bottom: 0; } axjq2iybjllm4uojxqpi2n4zj5yyqp4 0 6168 24361 2023-06-22T12:44:38Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ኢሳይያስ ኣፈወርቂ]] sh3lud6u58hflgb9vpsol85kc9dl585 10 6169 24364 2023-06-22T14:26:48Z Joanmp14 5782 ገጽ ምስ «{{#switch:{{{1}}} | ኤርትራ = {{#switch:{{{2|ms}}} | ms = ኤርትራዊ | mp = ኤርትራውያን | fs = ኤርትራዊት | fp = ኤርትራውያን }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} | ኤርትራ = {{#switch:{{{2|ms}}} | ms = ኤርትራዊ | mp = ኤርትራውያን | fs = ኤርትራዊት | fp = ኤርትራውያን }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> r20bnvcl8yz5tr8v69537hmkygnnwp7 10 6170 24371 2023-06-23T00:13:33Z Joanmp14 5782 Redirected page to [[ሞደል:Para]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ሞደል:Para]] 2lvzbjqd26f94h9fi75thnq6f9n5436 828 6171 24373 24372 2023-06-23T01:16:04Z Joanmp14 5782 Scribunto text/plain local p = { } local badgesCategory = { Q17437796 = 'ዊኪፐድያ:ፍሉያት ጽሑፋት', Q17437798 = 'ዊኪፐድያ:ጽቡቕ ጽሑፋት', } local linkCategoryPrefix = { default = '', } local linkCategorySuffix = { default = ' ኣብ ካልኦት ሕታማት ዊኪፐድያ', afwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብኣፍሪካንስ', amwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብኣምሓርኛ', arwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብዓረብኛ', dewiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብጀርመንኛ', elwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብግሪኽኛ', eswiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብስጳንኛ', simplewiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብቀሊል እንግሊዝኛ', enwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብእንግሊዝኛ', eowiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብኤስፐራንቶ', frwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብፈረንሳይኛ', hewiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብእብራይስጢ', hiwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብሂንዲ', itwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብጥልያን', jawiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብጃፓንኛ', kowiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብኮርይኛ', nlwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብዳች', omwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብኦሮሞ', ptwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብፖርቱጊዝኛ', quwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብቀችዋ', ruwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብሩስኛ', swwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብስዋሂሊ', thwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብታይላንድኛ', tiwiki = '', trwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብቱርክኛ', ukwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብዩክሬንኛ', viwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብቬትናምኛ', zhwiki = ' ኣብ ዊኪፐድያ ብቻይንኛ', } function p.badgesCategories( frame ) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() local wikitext = {} local categoryNs = mw.site.namespaces[14].name if not entity then return '' end for siteid, linkTable in pairs( entity.sitelinks ) do for i, badgeId in ipairs( entity.sitelinks[ siteid ].badges ) do if badgesCategory[ badgeId ] and string.sub(siteid, -4) == 'wiki' then local prefix = linkCategoryPrefix[ siteid ] or linkCategoryPrefix.default or '' local main = badgesCategory[ badgeId ] or '' local suffix = linkCategorySuffix[ siteid ] or linkCategorySuffix.default or '' local category = string.format('[[%s:%s]]', categoryNs, prefix .. main .. suffix ) table.insert( wikitext, category ) end end end return table.concat( wikitext ) end function p.hasAnyBadge( frame ) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return '' end local sitelinks = entity.sitelinks if not sitelinks then return '' end for siteid, linkTable in pairs( sitelinks ) do if next(sitelinks[ siteid ].badges) ~= nil then return '1' end end return '' end return p cjbjgxmntpb3qgowrpmt2guxta2imh3 0 6175 24417 2023-07-08T14:06:00Z Preaim001 9176 ኬ-ፖፕ (እንግሊዝኛ፡ ኮርያዊ ህቡብ ሙዚቃ፡ ኬ-ፖፕ) ኣብ ደቡብ ኮርያ ህቡብ ተፈታውነት ዝረክብ ትራንዲ ሙዚቃ የመልክት። ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ደርፊ ጥራይ ይበሃል፣ ኣብ ዓለም እንግሊዝኛ ዝዝረብ ህቡብ ሙዚቃ ድማ ፖፕ ይበሃል፣ ካብ እንግሊዝኛ ዝዛረቡ ዓለም ወጻኢ ኣብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ዝርከቡ ህቡባት ደርፍታት እውን ከም K-POP ይጽሓፉ ምኽንያቱ እቲ ናይ ሃገር ቀዳሞት ፊደላት ንዕኡ ንምምልካት ስለዝተተሓሓዘ። wikitext text/x-wiki ኬ-ፖፕ (እንግሊዝኛ፡ ኮርያዊ ህቡብ ሙዚቃ፡ ኬ-ፖፕ) ኣብ ደቡብ ኮርያ ህቡብ ተፈታውነት ዝረክብ ትራንዲ ሙዚቃ የመልክት። ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ደርፊ ጥራይ ይበሃል፣ ኣብ ዓለም እንግሊዝኛ ዝዝረብ ህቡብ ሙዚቃ ድማ ፖፕ ይበሃል፣ ካብ እንግሊዝኛ ዝዛረቡ ዓለም ወጻኢ ኣብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ዝርከቡ ህቡባት ደርፍታት እውን ከም K-POP ይጽሓፉ ምኽንያቱ እቲ ናይ ሃገር ቀዳሞት ፊደላት ንዕኡ ንምምልካት ስለዝተተሓሓዘ። ብፍላይ ህቡባት ደርፍታት ኮርያ ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ተፈታውነት ምስ ረኸቡ፡ ኬ-ፖፕ ዝብል ስም ካብ ኮርያ ወጻኢ ኣብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ከም ስም ህቡባት ደርፍታት ኮርያ ብሰፊሑ ይጥቀሙሉ።([https://simpsonunews.com ኮርያዊ ህቡብ ሙዚቃ]) ካብተን ኣብ 1992 ንፈለማ እዋን ዝቐረባ ሴኦ ታይጂን ቦይስን፡ ከም በዓል H.O.T., Sechs Kies, Shinhwa, and god ዝኣመሰሉ ቀዳማይ ወለዶ ጣኦታት ጀሚሮም፡ ዘይፍለጡን ወልፊ ዘለዎምን ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ ድምጽታትን ሂፕ-ሆፕ ደርፍታትን ብምትእትታው ንK-pop ማዕጾ ከፊቶም ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ።ካብ ሽዑ ጀሚሩ፡ ኣብ መፋርቕ 2000ታት፡ ኣብ ኮርያ ዝርከቡ ካልኣይ ወለዶ ጉጅለታት ኣወዳት ጣኦትን ጉጅለታት ኣዋልድን ኣብ ኮርያን ወጻእን ዓቢ ዓወት ምስ ኣመዝገቡ፡ ንK-pop ዝብል ቃል ብምድራት ናይ ምግላጽ ዝንባለ እናዓበየ መጺኡ ናብ ሙዚቃ ናይዘን ናይ ኣወዳት ጉጅለታትን ኣዋልድን ጉጅለታት። ኣብ ዝሓለፈ እዋን ንኹሉ ሙዚቃ ኮርያ ዘጠቓለለ ኮይኑ ይስምዓኒ ነይሩ፡ ኣብዚ ቀረባ እዋን ግን ኣብ ኮርያ ንዝስራሕ ናይ ሳዕስዒት ሙዚቃ ወይ ናይ ጣኦት ሙዚቃ ንምምልካት ዝጥቀመሉ ይመስል። ብኻልእ ወገን ድማ ሶሎ ደረፍቲ ብሰፊሑ ኣብ ምድብ ስነጥበባውያን ኬ-ፖፕ ክወድቁ ይኽእሉ እዮም፡ እዚ ግን ኣፍልጦ ዘይወሃበሉ ኩነታት እውን ኣሎ። ንኣብነት ከም IU ዝኣመሰሉ ሶሎ ደረፍቲ ዝነቕፉ ድምጽታት ኣለዉ፡ ከም "ሶሎ ደራፋይ ከመይ ጌሩ ኬ-ፖፕ ደራፋይ ክኸውን ይኽእል?" ታሪኽ ለውጢ ኣብ Google Trends K-Pop search volume ምስ ግዜ ኣብ 1990ታት ዕዳጋ መዝገብ ኮርያ ዝበዝሐ ዕቤት ኣብ ዘስተማቐረሉ እዋን፡ ኪም ጋን-ሞ ዝሰርሓ <Incorrect Encounter> ኣብ ሓደ ቤት ትምህርቲ ሙዚቃ ጥራይ ልዕሊ 2.5 ሚልዮን ቅዳሓት ብምቕራጽ ኣብ መጽሓፍ ጊነስ ኮርያ ተዘርዚራ።[1] ይኹን እምበር እዚ ክብረወሰን እዚ ተሰቢሩ 4ይቲ ምሉእ ንውሓት ዘለዋ ኣልቡም BTS MAP OF THE SOUL: 7 ልዕሊ 4.17 ሚልዮን ቅዳሓት ምስ ተሸጠት። ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ እዋን ኣቢሉ፡ ሴኦ ታይጂን ቦይስን ሺን ሴንግ-ሁንን ልዕሊ 1 ሚልዮን ቅዳሓት መሸጣ ሰቢሮም እዮም። ብተወሳኺ ኣብ 1990 ኪም ዋን-ሱን 1 ሚልዮን ቅዳሓት ዝሸጠት ናይ መጀመርታ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ደራፊት ኮይና።[2] ኣብ መወዳእታ 80ታትን መጀመርታ 90ታትን ከም በዓል ዩ ጃይ-ሃ፡ ሊ ሴንግ-ቺዮል፡ ሊ ሴንግ-ህዋን፡ ሺን ሃይ-ቹል፡ 015B፡ ኪም ሂዩን-ቸኦል፡ ዩን ሳንግ፡ ዩ ዮንግ-ሴክ፡ ዩን ጆንግ- shin, ከምኡ’ውን ጽድያ ሓጋይ ጽድያ ክረምቲ፡ ንዓይነታዊ ዝላ ኮርያዊ ፖፕ ሙዚቃ መሪሖም ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ እዋን ንመሬት ህቡብነት ዘስፍሑ።ጽልዋ ናይቲ ጉጅለ ጸሓፍቲ ኣይተቖርጸን፡ ክሳብ Yu Hee-yeol and the ምርኢት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሙዚቃዊ ኣብነት ብምቕራብ ወይ ምስቲ ኣብ ከባቢ ሆኒክ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ማእከል ዝገበረ ትሕቲ መሬት ብሓባር ብምንባር ኣገዳሲ ኣክሲስ ዘመናዊ ኬ-ፖፕ ይፈጥር ኣሎ። ሕጂ ብጉጅለታት ኣወዳትን ጉጅለታት ኣዋልድን ዝምራሕ ኬ-ፖፕ፡ ካብ Sechs Kiesን SM Entertainment’s idol groups H.O.Tን Shinhwaን ዝጅምር እዩ። እዘን ጉጅለታት እዚኣተን ነቲ ዕዉት ሞዴል ጉጅለታት ኣወዳትን ነቲ ኣብ 1990ታት ዝነበረ ዝተፈላለዩ ባእታታት ሴኦ ታይጂን ኣወዳትን ናይ ምሕዋስ ሙዚቃዊ ኣንፈትን እናመሰላ እንከለዋ፡ ኢንዱስትሪ ህቡብ ሙዚቃ ኮርያ ናብቲ ሕጂ ዘሎ ኢንዱስትሪ ኬ-ፖፕ ክቕየር ጀመረ። ንኤሌክትሪክ ሳዕስዒት ምስ ራፕን ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ድማ R&Bን ዝሓዋውስ ቅዲ ኮይኑ፡ ብቐንዱ ኣብ ዕድመ ንእስነቶምን 20ታትን ካብ ዝነበሩ ፋንዶም ተፈታውነት ረኺቦም እዮም። ዲዩስ ምስ ሴኦ ታይጂን ቦይስን ዝመጣጠን ሙዚቃዊነትን ተፈታውነትን ድሕሪ ምጥራይ፡ ኣብነት ናይቲ ድንገታዊ መድረኽ ሂፕ-ሆፕ ኮርያ ኮይኑ። ፓርክ ጂን-ዮንግ ዝሰርሖ ጄይፒ ኢንተርተይንመንት እውን ካብ ጻዕሮም ኣይተረፈን፣ ውርሻ ሴኦ ታይ-ጂን ኣወዳትን ድሒሩ ድማ ኣብ ያንግ ሂዩን-ሱክ ዋይጂ ኢንተርተይንመንት፣ ከምኡ’ውን ብመንጽር ሙዚቃውነትን ክእለትን ኣገዳሲ ተራ ዝሓዘ እዩ።ኣሎ። 8roqc8m121u3b4otz35s9iw38r87twx 0 6177 24598 24419 2023-11-28T10:42:55Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|ዘይጠቅም}} ዶሚኒዮን ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ደቡብ ካሮላይና ቁሩብ ርሒቑ ዝርከብ ማይክሮኔሽን እዩ። ኣብ 2019 ብሓደ ኣሽ ዝተባህለ ሓዘንተኛን ጽምዋ ዝበዝሖን ሰብ ዝተመስረተት እያ። ኒዮሊበራላዊ ፖሊሲታትን ጽኑዕ ጸረ-ማሕበራዊ ቁጠባን የተግብር። ሃገራዊ ሃይማኖታ ባሎይዝም እዩ። f9u78bxndzrw6yqzjih7murna4y95zs 0 6178 24423 2023-07-11T05:47:02Z 221.153.157.67 ገጽ ምስ «ስነ-ጥበብ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ዝኾነ ስነ-ጥበባዊ ስርሓት ብፍላይ ድማ ምስልታትን ሙዚቃዊ ድርሰታትን፡ ብኣጠቓቕማ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ (AI, [https://theomnibuzz.com/ai-image-enhancing-visual-content-with-artificial-intelligence/ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ስነ ጥበብ]) ፕሮግራማት፡ ከም ጽሑፍ ናብ ምስሊ ሞዴላትን ሙ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ስነ-ጥበብ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ዝኾነ ስነ-ጥበባዊ ስርሓት ብፍላይ ድማ ምስልታትን ሙዚቃዊ ድርሰታትን፡ ብኣጠቓቕማ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ (AI, [https://theomnibuzz.com/ai-image-enhancing-visual-content-with-artificial-intelligence/ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ስነ ጥበብ]) ፕሮግራማት፡ ከም ጽሑፍ ናብ ምስሊ ሞዴላትን ሙዚቃዊ ጀነሬተራትን ዝፍጠር እዩ። ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ምስ ዲጂታላዊ ስነ-ጥበብ ይደናገር።[1] ክልቲኦም ስነ-ጥበብ AIን ዲጂታላዊ ስነ-ጥበብን ኣጠቓቕማ ቴክኖሎጂ ዘጠቓልሉ ክኾኑ እንከለዉ፡ ስነ-ጥበብ AI ግን ካብ ሰብኣዊ ስነ-ጥበባውያን ቀጥታዊ እታው ከይተራእየ ብናጻ ስነ-ጥበብ ከፍሪ ዝኽእል ጀነሬቲቭ ኣልጎሪዝምን ዓሚቕ ትምህርታዊ ሜላታትን ብምጥቃም ዝልለ እዩ። === ቀዳሞት ታሪኽ === ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ከም ኣካዳሚያዊ ስነ-ፍልጠት ኣብ 1956 ተመስሪቱ፡ ካብኡ ንደሓር ኣብ ዝነበሩ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ድማ ሓያሎ ማዕበላት ተስፋ ኣጋጢምዎ።[3] ካብ ዝምስረት ኣትሒዙ ኣብ ዓውዲ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ተመራመርቲ ብዛዕባ እንታይነት ኣእምሮ ወዲ ሰብን ሰብ ዝመስል ብልሒ ዝተዓደሉ ኣርቲፊሻል ፍጡራት ምፍጣር ዘስዕቦ ስነ-ምግባራዊ ሳዕቤንን ፍልስፍናዊ ስነ-ሞጎት ኣልዒሎም፤ እዞም ጉዳያት እዚኦም ቅድሚ ሕጂ ካብ ጥንቲ ጀሚሮም ብጽውጽዋይ፡ ልቢ ወለድን ፍልስፍናን ዝተዳህሰሱ እዮም። === መሳርሕታትን ኣሰራርሓታትን === ==== ምስሊ ==== ብዙሓት ኣገባባት ንምፍጣር ስነ-ጥበብ AI ተማሂዞም እዮም፣ ንኣብነት ብኣገባባዊ "ሕጊ መሰረት ዝገበረ" ምፍጣር ምስልታት ብሕሳባዊ ቅዲታት፣ ንብራሽ ምውቃዕን ካልእ ዝተቐብአ ውጽኢትን ዘምስል ኣልጎሪዝማት፣ ከምኡ'ውን ከም ጀነሬቲቭ ተጻባኢ መርበባት (GANs)ን ትራንስፎርመርን ዝኣመሰሉ ዓሚቕ ትምህርቲ ኣልጎሪዝማት። ሓደ ካብቶም ቀዳሞት ኣገደስቲ ስርዓታት ስነ-ጥበብ AI AARON ዝበሃል ኮይኑ፡ ካብ መወዳእታ 1960ታት ጀሚሩ ኣብ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ካሊፎርንያ ኣብ ሳንዲያጎ ብሃሮልድ ኮሄን ዝተማዕበለ እዩ።[5] AARON ኣብ ዘመነ ፕሮግራሚንግ GOFAI ዝያዳ ፍሉጥ ኣብነት ስነ-ጥበብ AI ኮይኑ፡ ቴክኒካዊ ምስልታት ንምፍራይ ምሳልያዊ ሕጊ መሰረት ዝገበረ ኣገባብ ስለዝጥቀም እዩ።[6] ኮሄን ንኣሮን ነቲ ናይ ስእሊ ተግባር ኮድ ክገብረሉ ዝኽእል ዕላማ ሒዙ እዩ ኣማዕቢልዎ። ኣሮን በቲ ቀዳማይ መልክዑ ቀለልቲ ጸሊምን ጻዕዳን ስእልታት ፈጢሩ። ኮሄን ድሒሩ ነቲ ስእልታት ብምስኣል ይውድኦ ነበረ። ኣብ ምሉእ ዓመታት ኣሮን እውን ዝስእለሉ መንገዲ እውን ከማዕብል ጀመረ። ኮሄን ንኣሮን ብዘይ ሽምግልና ኮሄን ብባዕሉ እቲ መደብ ዝመረጾም ፍሉያት ብራሻታትን ቀለምን ተጠቒሙ ንኽስእል ዲዛይን ገይሩ።[7] ኣብነት ናይቲ ብ VQGAN+CLIP (NightCafe Studio) ዝተሰርሐ ምስሊ ጀነሬቲቭ ኣድቨርሳርያል ኔትወርክስ (GANs) ኣብ 2014 ዝተነድፉ እዮም።እዚ ስርዓት እዚ ሓደስቲ ምስልታት ንምፍጣር "ጀነሬተር" ከምኡ'ውን ኣየኖት ዝተፈጥሩ ምስልታት ከም ዕዉታት ከምዝቑጸሩ ንምውሳን "ጀነሬተር" ይጥቀም።[8] ኣብ 2015 ብጉግል ዝተዘርግሐ ዲፕድሪም፡ ብመገዲ ኣልጎሪዝሚክ ፓረይዶልያ ኣቢሉ ኣብ ምስልታት ዝርከቡ ቅዲታት ንምርካብን ንምዕባይን ዝሕግዝ ኮንቮሉሽናል ኒውራል ኔትወርክ ይጥቀም፡ በዚ ድማ ኮነ ኢልካ ልዕሊ ዓቐን ዝተመስርሑ ምስልታት ይፈጥር።[9][10][11] ድሕሪ ምዝርጋሕ ዲፕድሪም፡ ሓያሎ ኩባንያታት ንስእልታት ናብ ስነ-ጥበብ ዝመስል ምስሊ ዝቕይሩ ኣፕታት ብቅዲ ፍሉጣት ስብስባት ስእልታት ኣውጺኦም እዮም።[12][13] ኣብ 2018 ዝተጀመረ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ኣርትብሪደር፡ ተጠቀምቲ ከም ገጽ፡ መልክዓ ምድርን ቅብኣን ዝኣመሰሉ ምስልታት ንምፍራይን ንምቕያርን ዘኽእሎም ሞዴላት StyleGANን BigGANን[14][15] ይጥቀም። ሓያሎ ፕሮግራማት ካብ ጽሑፍ ናብ ምስሊ ሞዴላት ተጠቒሞም ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ናይ ጽሑፍ ምልክታት ተመርኲሶም ዝተፈላለዩ ምስልታት ይፈጥሩ። ንሳቶም ድማ ኣብ 2021 ዝተዘርግሐ VQGAN+CLIP፣[17] ኣብ ጥሪ 2021 ተኸታታሊ ምስልታት ዝዘርግሐ ናይ OpenAI DALL-E፣ [18] ናይ Google Brain Imagenን Partiን ኣብ ግንቦት 2022 ዝተኣወጀ፣ ናይ Microsoft NUWA-Infinity፣[19] ይርከብዎም ][20] ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ነሓሰ 2022 ዝተዘርግሐ Stable Diffusion.[21][22] Stability.ai ድሪምስቱድዮ ዝበሃል Stable Diffusion ዝበሃል መርበብ ሓበሬታ ኣለዎ።[23] ርጉእ ዝርገሐ ምንጪ ዝረኽብዎ ሶፍትዌር ኮይኑ፡ ተወሳኺ ምዕባለ ከም ፕላጊናት ንክሪታ፡ ፎቶሾፕ፡ ብሌንደርን ጂኤምፒን ዘኽእል ኮይኑ፡[24] ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ዝተመርኮሰ ክፉት ምንጪ ተጠቃሚ መተሓላለፊ ኣውቶማቲክ1111።[25][26][27] ካልኦት ብዙሓት ናይ AI ስነ-ጥበብ ወለዶ ፕሮግራማት ኣለዉ ንኣብነት ቀለልቲ ንተጠቃሚ ዝገጥሙ ናይ ሞባይል መተግበሪታትን ጁፒተር ደፍተርን ሓያል GPUs ብውጽኢታዊ መንገዲ ንኽሰርሑ ዝጠልቡ። ==== ጽልዋን ኣተገባብራን ==== ኣብ MoMA ዝተኻየደ ምርኢት "Thinking Machines: Art and Design in the Computer Age, 1959–1989" ሓፈሻዊ ትሕዝቶ ናይ AI ኣፕሊኬሽናት ንስነ-ጥበብ፡ ስነ-ህንጻን ዲዛይንን ኣቕሪቡ። ንኣጠቓቕማ ኤ.ኣይ ኣብ ሎስ ኣንጀለስን ፍራንክፈርትን ተኻይዱ። ኣብ ጽድያ 2018 ማሕበር ኮምፒዩተር ማሽነሪታት ንኮምፒዩተርን ስነጥበብን ዝምልከት ሕታም መጽሔት ወፍዩ። ኣብ ሰነ 2018፡ "Duet for Human and Machine"፡ ተዓዘብቲ ምስ ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስ ክራኸቡ ዘፍቅድ ስነ-ጥበባዊ ስርሓት፡ ኣብ ማእከል ስነ-ጥበብ + ቴክኖሎጂ ቢል ንፈለማ እዋን ተራእዩ። ኣውስትርያ ኣርስ ኤሌክትሮኒካን ቤተ መዘክር ተግባራዊ ስነ ጥበብን ቪየናን ኣብ 2019 ብዛዕባ AI ምርኢታት ከፊቱ።ኣርስ ኤሌክትሮኒካ ኣብ 2019 ዝተኻየደ ፈስቲቫል "Out of the box"፡ ተራ ስነ-ጥበብ ኣብ ዘላቒ ሕብረተሰባዊ ለውጢ ዳህሲሱ። ኣብነታት ናይ ከምዚ ዓይነት ምውሳኽ ንኣብነት. ምስፍሕፋሕ ዘይንግዳዊ ኒች ቅዲታት (ልሙዳት ኣብነታት ከም ሶላርፓንክ ዝኣመሰሉ መውጽኢታት ሳይበርፓንክ እዮም) ብኣማተር ምኽኣል፣ ልብ-ወለድ መዘናግዒ፣ ልብ-ወለድ ምናባዊ ጸወታ ቁልዕነት፣[ተወሳኺ ምጥቃስ(ታት) የድሊ] ኣዝዩ ቅልጡፍ ፕሮቶታይፕ ምግባር፣[29] ምውሳኽ ተበጻሕነት ስነ-ጥበብ ምግባር[29] ከምኡ’ውን... ስነ-ጥበባዊ ውጽኢት ኣብ ሓደ ጻዕርን/ወይ ወጻኢታትን/ወይ ግዜን[29] – ንኣብነት. ብመንገዲ ምፍጣር ረቂቕ፡ ምትብባዕ፡ ረቂቕ-ምጽራይን ምስሊ-ኣካላትን (Inpainting)። ስነ-ጥበብ AI ዘጠቓለለ ስነ-ጥበባዊ ሚድያ፡ ኣብ 2022 ኣብ ዝቕጽሉ ዓመታት ንንግዲ ዝጸሉ ብቴክኖሎጂ ዝምራሕ ዓቢ ኣንፈት ተባሂሉ ተገሊጹ ኣሎ።[29] ==== ቅልጡፍ ምህንድስናን ምክፋልን ምግባር ==== ንገለ ካብ ጽሑፍ ናብ ምስሊ ሞዴላት ዝቐርቡ ምልክታት ምስልታትን ቁልፊ ቃላትን ከምኡ’ውን ክውነኑ ዝኽእሉ መለክዒታትን ከም ስነ-ጥበባዊ ቅዲ ዝኣመሰሉ ከጠቓልሉ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ እዚ ድማ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብመንገዲ ከም "ብቅዲ [ስም ስነ-ጥበባዊ]" ዝኣመሰሉ መፍትሕ ሓረጋት ኣብቲ ምልክት[30] ከምኡ'ውን ይጥቀሙ /ወይ ምርጫ ሰፊሕ ስነ-ጽባቐ/ስነ-ጥበባዊ ቅዲ።[31][32] ካብ ምስሊ ጀነሬተራት ፍሉይ ምስሊ ንምፍጣር ኣብ ዝሕግዙ ምልክታት ንምክፋል፣ ንምንጋድ፣ ንምድላይ፣ ንምፍራይ/ምጽራይን/ወይ ንምትሕብባርን ዝሕግዙ መድረኻት ኣለዉ።[33][34][35][36] መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ምልክታት ምስ ምስልታት ኣብ ከም redditን AI art-dedicated websitesን ዝኣመሰሉ ምስሊ ዝካፈሉ መርበባት ሓበሬታ ይካፈሉ። ንወለዶ ምስልታት ዝውዕሉ ምሉእ እታው ወይ ዝርዝራት ኣይኮኑን። ==== ዕብየት ==== ተወሳኺ ተግባራት ኣብ ምምዕባል ይርከቡን ዝተፈላለዩ ኣፕሊኬሽናት ከማሓይሹ ወይ ሓደስቲ ከኽእሉ ይኽእሉ - ከም "ጽሑፋዊ ምግልባጥ" እዚ ድማ ካብ ውሑዳት ምስልታት ዝተማህሩ ብተጠቃሚ ዝቐርቡ ኣምር (ከም ነገር ወይ ቅዲ) ምጥቃም ምኽኣል ዘመልክት እዩ። ብጽሑፋዊ ምግልባጥ፡ ልብ-ወለድ ብሕታዊ ስነ-ጥበብ ካብቲ ተዛማዲ ቃል(ታት) (እቶም ኣብቲ ዝተማህረ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣብስትራክት፡ ኣምር ዝተመደቡ ቁልፊ ቃላት)[37][38] ከምኡ’ውን ሞዴል መቐጸልታታት/ደቂቕ ምቅናስ (ከምኡ’ውን ርአ፤ ድሪምቡት)። ዝፍጠሩ ምስልታት ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ከም ስኬች[32] ወይ ትሑት ወጻኢታት ዘለዎም ፈተነታት[39] ወይ ስእሊ ናይ መርትዖ-ኣምር-መድረኽ ሓሳባት ይጥቀሙ - ተወሳኺ ተግባራት ወይ ምምሕያሻት ምስ ድሕሪ ወለዶ ብኢድ ዝግበር ኣርትዖት (ፖሊሽ ወይ ስነ-ጥበባዊ ኣጠቓቕማ) ናይ... ኣብ ምልዕዓል ዝተመርኮሰ ስነ-ጥበብ[ተወሳኺ ምጥቃስ(ታት) የድሊ] (ከም ስዒቡ ዝመጽእ ምትዕርራይ ምስ ኣርታዒ ምስሊ)።[39] ኣብ ጉዳይ ርጉእ ዝርገሐ፡ እቲ ቀንዲ ቅድሚ ስልጠና ዝወሰደ ሞዴል ኣብ Hugging Face Hub ይካፈል።[40] olt6eavcrl2itz7dscjvm7wm6i8fh5f 0 6179 24425 2023-07-16T16:33:09Z 121.162.18.135 መሕጸቢ መኪና (洗車場፡ እንግሊዝኛ፡ ምሕጻብ መኪና ወይ ምሕጻብ መካይን) ካብ መካይን ዝመጽእ ሓመድ ወይ ርስሓት ንምሕጻብ መሳለጥያታት ዝተዓጠቐ ቦታ እዩ። ኣውቶማቲክ መሕጸቢ መካይን (መካኒካዊ መሕጸቢ መካይን) መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣብ መዐደሊ ነዳዲ ይተሓሓዝ። መኪናኻ ንምሕጻብ ናብ መሕጸቢ መኪና ክትከይድ ወይ ባዕልኻ ክትሕጸብ ኣለካ። self መኪና ምሕጻብ wikitext text/x-wiki መሕጸቢ መኪና (洗車場፡ እንግሊዝኛ፡ ምሕጻብ መኪና ወይ ምሕጻብ መካይን) ካብ መካይን ዝመጽእ ሓመድ ወይ ርስሓት ንምሕጻብ መሳለጥያታት ዝተዓጠቐ ቦታ እዩ። ኣውቶማቲክ መሕጸቢ መካይን (መካኒካዊ መሕጸቢ መካይን) መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣብ መዐደሊ ነዳዲ ይተሓሓዝ። መኪናኻ ንምሕጻብ ናብ [https://theomnibuzz.com/%ec%85%80%ed%94%84%ec%84%b8%ec%b0%a8-%ec%88%9c%ec%84%9c-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%a4%80%eb%b9%84%eb%ac%bc/ መሕጸቢ መኪና ክትከይድ] ወይ ባዕልኻ ምሕጻብ ክትገብር ኣለካ። oda6u2lbleg56eq112z3zu9kv2v4qfg 0 6180 24427 2023-07-18T08:41:20Z Aarp65 3100 ገጽ ምስ «'''በርበረ''' መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ በርበረ ቺሊ፡ ቆሎ፡ ሽጉርቲ፡ ጅንጅብል፡ ዘርኢ ቅዱስ ባዝል (በሶቤላ) ኢትዮጵያ፡ ኮራሪማ፡ ሩ፡ ኣጅዋይን ወይ ራድሁኒ፡ ኒጀላ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ፈኑግሪክ ዘጠቓልል ምትሕውዋስ ቀመማት እዩ። ኣብ ምግቢ ኢትዮጵያን ኤርትራን ቁልፊ ቀመም እዩ። በርበረ ንባዕሉ በርበ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki '''በርበረ''' መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ በርበረ ቺሊ፡ ቆሎ፡ ሽጉርቲ፡ ጅንጅብል፡ ዘርኢ ቅዱስ ባዝል (በሶቤላ) ኢትዮጵያ፡ ኮራሪማ፡ ሩ፡ ኣጅዋይን ወይ ራድሁኒ፡ ኒጀላ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ፈኑግሪክ ዘጠቓልል ምትሕውዋስ ቀመማት እዩ። ኣብ ምግቢ ኢትዮጵያን ኤርትራን ቁልፊ ቀመም እዩ። በርበረ ንባዕሉ በርበረ በርበረ እውን የመልክት። [[መደብ:ኣፍሪቃ]] 9vc04umnmfr48hdth6uh2bjlv01w0db 0 6184 24435 2023-07-29T16:19:30Z RidgelantRL 9229 ካብ ትግርኛ ዊኪፒዲያ ዝተወሰኸ ትርጉማት። wikitext text/x-wiki ፍልስፍና ማለት ከም ህላወ፡ ምኽንያት፡ ኣእምሮን ፍልጠትን ዝኣመሰሉ ኣርእስታት ዝምልከት ሓፈሻዊ ሕቶታት ምጽናዕ እዩ። ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ኣገባብን ግምታትን ዘንጸባርቕ ርትዓውን ነቐፌታውን መርመራ እዩ። እቶም ዓበይቲ ጨናፍር ፍልስፍና ኤፒስተሞሎጂ፡ ስነ-ምግባር፡ ስነ-መጐትን ሜታፊዚክስን እዮም። ፈላስፋታት ኣብ ፍልስፍናዊ ፍልጠት ንምብጻሕ ብዙሕ ዝተፈላለየ ሜላታት ይጥቀሙ። ንሳቶም ድማ ኣምር ትንተና፡ ኣብ ልቦናን ስነ-ኣእምሮኣዊ ምልከትን ምጽጋዕ፡ ኣጠቓቕማ ፈተነታት ኣተሓሳስባ፡ ትንተና ተራ ቋንቋ፡ መግለጺ ተመኩሮን ነቐፌታዊ ሕቶታትን ይርከብዎም። 7ssx88oqy01dkev1f3vfkc24486ondv 0 6188 24782 24781 2024-05-12T09:33:27Z Kehaa 8913 wikitext text/x-wiki bmncyx02zfcgn9r4jbc1s7fjwq2yl5a 0 6191 24603 24473 2023-11-28T11:00:11Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር-ሃገር}} [[ፋይል:ER-Teseney.png|right|220px]] '''ተሰነይ''' ኣብ ምዕራብ [[ኤርትራ]] እትርከብ ከተማ እያ። ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ተሰነይ 4,815 እዩ። እዛ ከተማ እዚኣ በቲ [[ኲናት ናጽነት ኤርትራ|ኲናት]] ተሳቒያ እያ። [[መደብ:ኤርትራ]] mrnkiozbt2qt7lbfac4x5ujhbq7zwv3 0 6192 24515 24490 2023-09-15T14:00:27Z Wolverène 3395 del wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|machine translation?}} "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ብኣሜሪካዊ ደራፋይን ደረፍን ቴይለር ስዊፍት ዝተሰርሐት ደርፊ እያ። ካብ ካልኣይቲ ናይ ስቱድዮ ኣልበማ ፊርለስ ከም መሪሕ ንጽል ደርፊ ብ15 መስከረም 2008 ብቢግ ማሽን ሪከርድስ ተዘርጊሓ። ስዊፍት ብሓደ ኣብ ስድርኣን ፈተውታን ዘይተፈተወ ወዲ ተደሪኻ፡ ነታ ደርፊ ዊልያም ሸክስፒር ዝጸሓፋ ትራጀዲ ሮሜዮን ጁልየትን ከም መወከሲ ተጠቒማ እያ ጽሒፋታ። እቲ ግጥሚ፡ ብኣንጻር ናይቲ ሸክስፒር ዘሕዝን መደምደምታ፡ ብሕቶ ሓዳር ዝዛዘም ሽግር ዝመልኦ ፍቕራዊ ዛንታ የዘንቱ። ብስዊፍትን ናታን ቻፕማንን ዝተዳለወት እዛ ሚድቴምፖ ካንትሪ ፖፕ ደርፊ ድሕሪ ድልድል ቁልፊ ለውጢ ዘጠቓለለት ኮይና፡ ባንጆ፡ ፊድል፡ ማንዶሊንን ጊታርን ሓዊሱ ኣኮስቲክ መሳርሒታት ትጥቀም። እታ ደርፊ ኣብ ዝወጸትሉ እዋን፡ ነቐፍቲ ሙዚቃ ነቲ ፍርያት ንኢዶም እኳ እንተነበሩ፡ እቲ ስነ-ጽሑፋዊ መወከሲታት ግን ውጽኢታዊ ከምዘይኮነ ገይሮምዎ። ንድሕሪት ተመሊስና ክንርእዮ ከለና፡ ነቐፍቲ ከም ሓንቲ ካብተን ዝበለጻ ንጽል ደርፍታት ስዊፍት ገይሮምዋ ኣለዉ። "Love Story" ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ኣብ ዝለዓለ ጥርዙ በጺሓ፡ ብማሕበር ኢንዱስትሪ ምቕዳሕ ሙዚቃ ኣውስትራልያ (ARIA) ዓሰርተ ግዜ ፕላቲኒየም ኮይና ዝተረጋገጸት ኮይና፡ ኣብ ቻርት ካናዳ፡ ኣየርላንድ፡ ጃፓን፡ ኒውዚላንድ፡ ስኮትላንድን ኣብ ቅድሚት ሓሙሽተ በጺሓ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ። ኣብ ኣመሪካ፡ እታ ንጽል ደርፊ ኣብ ቢልቦርድ ሆት 100 ኣብ ቁጽሪ 4 ዝለዓለ ደረጃ በጺሓ፡ ኣብ ቀንዲ 40 ብሉጻት 40 ቁጽሪ ሓደ ዝበጽሐት ናይ መጀመርታ ናይ ሃገር ደርፊ ኮይና።ማሕበር ኢንዱስትሪ ቅዳሕ ኣሜሪካ (RIAA) ሸሞንተ ግዜ ፕላቲኒየም ከም ዝረኸበት ኣረጋጊጹላ። "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብ ኣሜሪካ ልዕሊ ሽዱሽተ ሚልዮን ቅዳሓት ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ድማ 18 ሚልዮን ቅዳሓት ተሸይጣ። ትሬይ ፋንጆይ ነታ ምስኡ ዝተሰነየት ቪድዮ ሙዚቃ ዝመርሐት ኮይና፡ ስዊፍትን ጃስቲን ጋስቶንን ኣብ ቅድሚኡ ዝነበረ ዘመን ከም ኣፍቀርቲ ኮይኖም ዝዋስኡላ እያ። ካብ ከም ዘመነ ህዳሴን ሪጀንሲን ዝኣመሰሉ ታሪኻዊ እዋናት ብምውሳድ ኣብ ክልቲኡ ሽልማት ማሕበር ሙዚቃ ሃገርን ሽልማት ሙዚቃ ሲኤምቲን ኣብ 2009 ብሉጽ ቪድዮ ናይዚ ዓመት ተዓዊታ።እዛ ደርፊ ኣብ ቀጥታዊ ኮንሰርታት ስዊፍት ቀንዲ መግቢ ኮይና ኣካል ናይቲ ሴት ኮይና ጸኒሓ እያ። ኣብ ኩሉ ኣርእስቲ ዑደታታ ካብ ፊርለስ ቱር (2009–2010) ክሳብ ኢራስ ቱር (2023) ትዝርዝር። ድሕሪ'ቲ ኣብ 2019 ብዛዕባ ዋንነት ናይ ስዊፍት ድሕሪት ካታሎግ ዝነበረ ክርክር፡ ነታ ደርፊ ዳግማይ ቀሪጻ "Love Story (Taylor's Version)" ኢላ ኣብ ለካቲት 2021 ኣውጺኣታ።እዛ ዳግማይ ዝተቐድሐት ንጽል ደርፊ ኣብ ቻርት Hot Country Songs ኣብ ቅድሚት ብምስራዕ፡ ስዊፍት ካልኣይቲ ገይራታ ስነጥበባዊ ድሕሪ ዶሊ ፓርተን ብኽልቲኡ ኦርጅናልን ዳግማይ ዝተቐድሐን ቅዲ ናይ ሓንቲ ደርፊ ቁጽሪ ሓደ ክትበጽሕ። ኣብ ማሌዥያ እውን ኣብ ቁጽሪ ሓደ በጺሓ። ድሕረ ባይታን ጽሑፍን ኣመሪካዊት ደራፊትን ደረፍቲን ተይለር ስዊፍት ኣብ 2004 ካብ ፐንሲልቫንያ ናብ ናሽቪል፡ ተነሲ ተሰጋጊራ ከም ስነጥበባዊት ሙዚቃ ካንትሪ[2]፡ ኣብ 2006 ድማ ጓል 16 ዓመት ከላ ንፈለማ እዋን ባዕላ ዝሰመየቶ ኣልቡም ኣውጺኣ።[3] እታ ኣልቡም ካብ ዝኾነት ኣብ ዓሰርተ ዓመት 2000ታት ዝተዘርግሐት ኣልቡም ንላዕሊ ኣብ ቻርት ቢልቦርድ 200 ኣሜሪካ ዝያዳ ሰሙናት ኣሕሊፋ።[4] ሳልሳይ ንጽል ደርፊ ቴይለር ስዊፍት "ደርፍና" ንስዊፍት ብንጽል ኢዱ ቁጽሪ ሓደ ንጽል ደርፊ ሆት ካንትሪ ሶንግስ ዝጸሓፈን ዝደረፈን ዝነኣሰ ሰብ ገይርዋ።[5] ዓወታ ንሓንቲ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ መንእሰይ ስነጥበባዊ ሳሕቲ እዩ ነይሩ፤ ዕዳጋ ሙዚቃ ሃገር 2000ታት ብዓበይቲ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ሙዚቀኛታት ተዓብሊሉ ነይሩ።[6][7] ስዊፍት ኣብ 2007ን 2008ን ንፈለማ እዋን ኣብ ዑደት ኣብ ዝነበረትሉ እዋን፡ ንኻልኣይቲ ናይ ስቱድዮ ኣልበማ ፊርለስ ደርፍታት ጽሒፋ።[8] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ደንጉያ ናብ ምፍራይ ፍርሒ ዘይብሉ ኣማዕቢላቶ።[9] ስዊፍት ኣብ ሚያዝያ 2009 ኣብ መደብ ታይም ንሕቶታት ደገፍቲ ክትምልስ ከላ፡ እታ ደርፊ ካብ ሓደ ፈጺማ ዘይተላለየቶ ወዲ ዝተደፋፍአት ኮይና፡ ሓንቲ ካብተን ዝጸሓፈተን ፍቕራዊት ደርፍታት ምዃና ገሊጻ።[10] ስዊፍት ምስ ስድርኣን ፈተውታን ድሕሪ ምልላይ ዝረኸበቶ ግብረ መልሲ ተዘኪራ፡ "[ንሳቶም] ኩሎም ከምዘይፈትውዎ ገሊጾም። ኩሎም!"[11][12] እዚ ድማ ስዊፍት ምስ ትረኻ መበል 16 ዊልያም ሸክስፒር ክትዛመድ ገይርዋ -ናይ ክፍለ ዘመን ተዋስኦ ሮሜዮን ጁልየትን፡ "እቶም እንኮ ብሓባር ክኾኑ ዝደልዩ ሰባት ንሳቶም ጥራይ ዝኾኑሉ ኩነታት" ኢላ ገሊጻቶ።[11] ስዊፍት ነቲ ፍጻመ እናኣስተንተነ "እዚ ከቢድ'ዩ ግን ናይ ብሓቂ'ዩ፡ ኣገዳሲ'ዩ" ኢሉ ሓሰበ፤ ንሳ ነቲ ካልኣይ ረፍሬን ድሒራ ድማ ምሉእ ደርፊ ኣብ ዙርያ እቲ መስመር ኣማዕቢላቶ።[13] ዋላ'ኳ ብሮሜዮን ጁልየትን ዝተደፋፍአት እንተኾነት፡ ስዊፍት፡ እታ ተዋስኦ፡ እቶም ክልተ ገጸ ባህርያት ዝሞቱሉ ዘሕዝን መወዳእታ ሸክስፒር እንተዘይህሉ ነይሩ፡ "እቲ ዝበለጸ ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ክኸውን ከምዝኽእል ተሰሚዕዋ።[14] በዚ ኸኣ ትረኻ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ብሓዳር ሓዳር ክዛዘም ገበረቶ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቶም ገጸ ባህርያት ዝግብኦም ሕጉስ መወዳእታ እዩ ኢላ ገይራቶ።[14][15] ስዊፍት ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣስታት 20 ደቓይቕ ኣብ ደርቢ መደቀሲኣ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ጽሒፋ፡ ነታ ደርፊ ከይተዛዘመት ከተቐምጣ ኣዝያ ዝተደፋፍአት ኮይና ተሰሚዕዋ።[11] ብመሰረት ስዊፍት፡ እታ ደርፊ ነቲ ኣብ ፍቕሪ ዝነበራ ተስፋ ዝህብ ኣረኣእያ ትውክል፡ እዚ ድማ ካብቲ ኣብ ግዜ ንእስነታ ብጽውጽዋይ ዝነበራ ምምሳጥ ዝተደፋፍአ እዩ።[15] ስዊፍት ሻብዓይቲ ናይ ስቱድዮ ኣልበማ ላቨር (2019) ድሕሪ ምዝርጋሓ ንድሕሪት ተመሊሳ ክትዕዘብ ከላ፡ እዚ ድማ ብዛዕባ ናይ መጀመርታ ተመኩሮኣ "ኣዝዩ ሓቀኛ ዝነበረ ፍቕሪ" እያ፡ እታ ትራክ "ኣብ ፊልም [ን] ካልእን ዝረኣኹዎ ነገራት'ዩ" ኢላ ኣብ ህይወተይ ዘጋጠመ ገለ ከም ምጭፍላቕ ዝኣመሰሉ ነገራት ተሓዋዊሰ ኣንቢበ"።[16] ምፍራይን ምፍናውን። ስዊፍት ጽሑፍ ምስ ወድአ ንጽባሒቱ ኣብ ውሽጢ 15 ደቓይቕ ጽንኩር ዲሞ ናይ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ቀረጸ።[10] ንሳ ነቲ ናይታ ደርፊ ኣልቡም ቅዲ ኣብ መጋቢት 2008 ምስ ኣፍራዪ ናታን ቻፕማን ኣብ ናሽቪል ኣብ ዝርከብ ብላክበርድ ስቱድዮስ ቀሪጻቶ።[17] ንድምጻ፡ ቻፕማን ዝተፈላለዩ ማይክሮፎናት ፈቲና ክሳብ ስዊፍት ብናይ ሃገር-ሙዚቃ ስነጥበባዊ ሬይ ኬነዲ ዝተሰርሐ ኣቫንቶን ሲቪ-12 ብዙሕ ቅርጺ ዘለዎ ቱቦ ማይክሮፎን ትረክብ፡ ምስኡ ድማ ኣብ ቴይለር ስዊፍት ሰሪሓ። ስዊፍት ድምጻ ምስ ፈተነት ንኣቫንቶን ሲቪ-12 ድሕሪ ምፍታዋ፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ"ን ካልኦት ደርፍታትን ንምቕራጽ ተጠቒማቶ። ነታ ደርፊ ብኣኮስቲክ ጊታር፡ ቤዝ ጊታርን ከበሮን ዝጻወታ ዝነበራ ባንድኣ ተደጊፋ ብቐጥታ ደሪፋታ። ቻፕማን ትሽዓተ ኣኮስቲክ ጊታራት ሓዊሱ ካልኦት መሳርሒታት ይጻወት ነበረ፣ ኣብቲ ትራክ ድማ ልዕሊ ዓቐን ይጽሕፎም ነይሩ፤ ድሕረ ባይታ ድምጺ እውን ቀሪጹ።[17] መሃንድስ መዝገብ ቻድ ካርልሰን ነቲ ትራክ ብፕሮ ቱልስ ተጠቒሙ ዝቐረጾ ኮይኑ፡ ጃስቲን ኒባንክ ድማ ሶሊድ ስቴት ሎጂክ 9080 ኬ ሲሪስን ጀነሌክ 1032 ኮንሶላትን ተጠቒሙ ሓዋዊስዎ።[17] ድሩ ቦልማንን ሪቻርድ ኤድጀለርን ኣብ መስርሕ ምትሕውዋስ ሓገዝ ገይሮም እዮም።[18] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ምስ ዝተረፋ ፊልምታት ፊርለስ ብሃንክ ዊልያምስ ኣብ ናሽቪል ኣብ ዝርከብ ማስተርሚክስ ስቱድዮስ ዝተማህረት እያ።[18] እቲ ትራክ ከም ባንጆን ፊድልን ዝኣመሰሉ ናይ ሃገር-ሙዚቃ መሳርሒታት ይጥቀም። ቢግ ማሽን ሪከርድስ ብ15 መስከረም 2008 ከም መሪሕ ንጽል ደርፊ ፊርለስ ናብ ሬድዮ ሃገር ኣሜሪካ ኣውጺእዋ።[17][19] ቻፕማን ንፖፕ ሬድዮ ካልእ ቅዲ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ሓዋዊሱ፤ ንሱ ንኣፕል ሎጂክ ተጠቒሙ ናይ ኒልባንክ ሚክስ ኣርቲዑ ከም ባንጆን ፊድልን ዝኣመሰሉ መሳርሒታት ኣኮስቲክ ድምጺ ኣልቦ ገይሩ።[17] እቲ ፖፕ-ሬድዮ ቨርዥን ናይ ኣፕል ሎጂክ ኣልትራቢት ተጠቒምካ ዝተፈጥረ መኽፈቲ ህርመት ኣለዎ፣ እተን ኤሌክትሪክ ጊታራት ድማ ብኣምፕሊቱብ ስቶምፕ I/O ዝተፈጥራ እየን።[17] ኪት ሃሪስ ናይ ሮሊንግ ስቶን ነተን ኤሌክትሪካዊ ጊታራት "ብምቹእ መልክዑ ዕብየት"ን ካብቶም ኣብ ካንትሪ-ሬድዮ ቨርዥን ዝቐርባ ዓው ዝበላን ክብል ገሊጽወን።[20] ቢግ ማሽን ምስ ሪፓብሊክ ሪከርድስ ብምትሕብባር "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ብ14 ጥቅምቲ 2008 ናብ ፖፕ ሬድዮ ኣሜሪካ ኣውጺኡ።[21] ሙዚቃን ግጥምን "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ብባንጆ፡ ፊድል፡ ማንዶሊንን ጊታርን ሓዊሱ ብኣኮስቲክ መሳርሒታት ዝድረኽ ሚድቴምፖ ካንትሪ ፖፕ ደርፊ[22][23] እዩ።[24] ነቓፊ ጆን ብሪም ካብ ስታር ትሪቡን ነታ ንጽል ደርፊ "ጽሩይ ፖፕ ምስ ምናልባሽ ቫይብ" ክብል ገሊጽዋ፡ እዚ ድማ ንኽልቲኡ ሬድዮ ሃገርን ፖፕን ዝሰማማዕ እዩ።[22] ብመሰረት ዘ ኒውዮርክ ታይምስ፡ ዋላ'ኳ ባንጆን ፊድልን እንተሃለወ፡ እታ ደርፊ "ብቐሊሉ ኢሞ ሮከር ክትከውን ትኽእል እያ"።[25] ድምጺ ስዊፍት ቁሩብ ትዋንግ ኣለዎ።[26] እቲ ምትሕውዋስን ማስተርን፡ ብመሰረት ናይ ቢልቦርድ ክሪስተን ሄ፡ ዓው ዝበለን "ብዳይናሚክ ጸፍሒ ... [ከምኡ'ውን] ካብ ኤፍኤም ሬድዮ ስፒከር ክፈንጀር ዝተዳለወ" እዩ።[24] ግጥሚ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ካብቶም ኣብታ ብሸክስፒር ዝተደርሰት ሮሜዮን ጁልየትን መሪሕ ገጸ ባህርያት ብምውሳድ ኣብ መንጎ ክልተ ገጸ ባህርያት ዝነበረ ሽግር ዝመልኦ ፍቕራዊ ርክብ የዘንቱ።[27] ብመሰረት ስነ-ኣእምሮኣዊት ኬቲ ባርክለይ፡ እታ ደርፊ ኣብ ቃንዛን ሓጐስን ንዘሎ ስምዒታት ፍቕሪ ትድህስስ።[28] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ"፡ ብዘይካ እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ረፍዲ፡ ብዓይኒ ጁልየት እያ ተዘንትያ።[1][29] ኣብተን ጥቕስታት ጁልየት ብዛዕባ እቲ ንሳን ሮሜዮን ዝገበርዎ ብድሆ ዝመልኦ ፍቕራዊ ርክብ ትነግር፡ እዚ ድማ ኣቦኣ ኣይቅበሎን።[30] ቀዳመይቲ ጥቕሲ ንጁልየት ኣብ ሓደ ትርኢት ተላልያ፡ "ክልቴና ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ክረኣየኪ ከለኹ ንኣሽቱ ኢና / ኣዒንተይ ዓሚተ እቲ ፍላሽባክ ይጅምር፡ ኣብኡ ደው ኢለ ኣለኹ / ኣብ ባርኮኒ ኣብ ኣየር ሓጋይ"፡ እዚ ድማ ነቲ ኣብ ኣክት ዘሎ ናይ ባርኮኒ ትርኢት ይውከስ II, scene ii ናይ ሸክስፒር ተዋስኦ።[1] ኣብተን ደርፊ ምስቲ ትረኻ ንምስጓም ቁሩብ እናተቐያየራ ዝቕየራ ረፍረይን፡ ጁልየት ፍቕራዊ ተገዳስነታ ክቐርብ ትልምኖ፡ "ሮሜዮ፡ ንበይንና ክንከውን ኣብ እንኽእለሉ ቦታ ውሰደኒ / ክጽበ እየ / ክገብሮ ዝተረፈ ጉያ ጥራይ'ዩ"። "[28][29]ኣብታ ካልአይቲ ጥቕሲ ጁልየት ንሮሜዮ እንደገና ኣብ ሓደ ጀርዲን ተራኺባ ብሰንኪ ዘይምቕባል ኣቦኣ ካብ ከተማ ክወጽእ ከም ዘለዎ ትፈልጥ።[10] ርክቦም "'ምኽንያቱ ሮሜዮ ስለ ዝነበርካ፡ ኣነ ቀይሕ ፊደል እየ ነይረ" ዝብል ጸገማት የጋጥሞ፡ ንናታንኤል ሃውቶርን ዘ ስካርለት ደብዳቤ (1850) ብምውካስ።[31][32] ብመሰረት ምሁር ሚድያን ፊልምን ኣይሪስ ኤች ቱዋን፡ "ቀይሕ ፊደል" ዝኾነ ምስሊ ሃውትሮን ንሓጢኣትን ዝሙትን ናይታ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ቀንዲ ተዋሳኢት ሄስተር ፕሪን ዝውክል ክኸውን ከሎ፡ ኣጠቓቕማ ስዊፍት ግን ነቲ ኣብ መንጎ ሮሜዮን ጁልየትን ዝነበረ ክልኩል ፍቕሪ ዘመልክት እዩ።[31] ጁልየት "እዚ ፍቕሪ ከቢድ'ዩ፡ ግን ከኣ ናይ ብሓቂ'ዩ" ኢላ ትልምን፡ ስዊፍት ኣብታ ደርፊ ዝፈትዎ ግጥሚ ምዃኑ ገሊጻ።[33]ድሕሪ እቲ ድልድል፡ ብዝተቀላጠፈ ከበሮን ምውህሃድ ዜማን ድምጽን፡ እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ረፍሬን ንሓደ ምሉእ ስጉምቲ ንላዕሊ ቁልፊ ለውጢ ዘጠቓልል እዩ።[34] እቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ረፈረንደም ብዓይኒ ሮሜዮ ዝተዘንተወ ኮይኑ፡ ፍቓድ ኣቦኣ ምስ ሓተተ ምስ ጁልየት ናይ መርዓ ምሕጽንታ ዝገልጽ ኮይኑ፡ "ምስ ኣቦኻ ተዘራሪበ፡ ኪድ ጻዕዳ ክዳን ምረጽ።"[35] ናይ ሸክስፒር ሮሜዮን ጁልየትን ግን ብሕቡእ ተመርዕዮም እዮም። ብዘይ ፍቓድ ወለዶምን ክልቲኦም ነብሶም ይቐትሉን፡ እቶም ኣብ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ዘለዉ ገጸ ባህርያት ካብቲ መወዳእታ ይወጹ።[36] ብመሰረት ቱዋን፡ ስዊፍት ስምዒታታን ፍንጣጣኣን ኣብ ሮሜዮን ጁልየትን ዝተደፋፍአ ትረኻ ብምቕራብ፡ ምስ ተዓዘብቲ መንእሰያት ኣዋልድን መንእሰያት ደቂ ኣንስትዮን ብትሪ ዝድመጽ ደርፊ ፈጢራ።[37] ጋዜጠኛ ዲቦራ ኢቫንስ ፕራይስ ካብ ቢልቦርድ ተሰማሚዓ'ኳ እንተነበረት፡ ስምዒታዊ ጽምዶ ናይታ ደርፊ ንምስትምቓር ግን "ሓደ ሰብ ብፍቕሪ ዝተሃርመ መንእሰይ ክኸውን የብሉን" ኢላ።[38] ነቐፌታዊ ኣቀባብላ ብሌንደር ኣብ ዝርዝር መወዳእታ ዓመት 2008 ን"Love Story" ኣብ ቁጽሪ 73 ኣስፊርዋ፡[39] ከምኡ'ውን ኣብ ዘ ቪላጅ ቮይስ ኣብ ፓዝ ኤንድ ጆፕ ነቐፍቲ ዝገበርዎ ዳህሳስ ኣብ ቁጽሪ 48 ኣቐሚጥዋ።[40] ኣብ ፊርለስ ሪቪው ብዙሓት ነቐፍቲ ነቲ ፍርያት ኣሞጊሶምዎ፤ ሾን ዳሊ ካብ ሴንት ፒተርስበርግ ታይምስ፡[41] ሮብ ሸፊልድ ካብ ብሌንደር[42] ከምኡ’ውን ስቲቨን ቶማስ ኤርለዊን ካብ ኦልሙዚክ ነታ ትራክ ከም ድምቀት ኣልቡም መሪጾማ።[43] ዲቦራ ኢቫንስ ፕራይስ ካብ ቢልቦርድ ነቲ "ዝሽክርከርን ሕልሚ ዝመስልን" ፍርያት ብምንኣድ፡ ስዊፍት ኣብ ዕዳጋ ሙዚቃ ሃገር ዝረኸበቶ ዓወት "ናህሪ ክረክብ ጥራይ ከምዝኽእል" ገሊጻ።[38] ካልኦት ድማ ናይ ዘ ቦስተን ግሎብ ጀምስ ሪድ[29]ን ናይ ዩኤስኤ ቱደይ ኤሊዛ ጋርድነርን ሓዊሱ፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ከም ኣብነት ናይቲ ስዊፍት ኣብ ንኡስ ዕድሚኡ ዝነበሮ ናይ ደርፊ ምጽሓፍ ክእለት ገይሮምዋ፤ እዞም ዳሕረዎት ነታ ደርፊ "ንሓደ ዕስለ ኣረጋውያን ፕሮፌሽናላት ንሓባራዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ናፍቖት መንእሰያት ኣፍ [ካብ ምዃን] ንላዕሊ" ስምዒታት መንእሰያት ብዕቱብ ብምስኣላ ኣድኒቖማ።[44] ገለ ነቐፍቲ ኣብ ናእዳኦም ዝያዳ ዕቑብ ብምንባሮም ነቲ ስነ-ጽሑፋዊ መወከሲታት ክትዕ ይገብሩ ነበሩ። ፍሬዘር ማክኣልፓይን ንቢቢሲ ኣብ ዝሃቦ ደረጃ ኣርባዕተ ኮኾብ ካብ ሓሙሽተ ደረጃ ነታ ደርፊ፡ ነቲ ናይ ሸክስፒር መወከሲ ከምቲ ቀዳማይ መርገጺኣን ግጥሚ ጀነሪክን ከምዘይተራቐቐ ገይርዎ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ነቲ ፍርያት ብምንኣድ "It's great to see a... big pop song being used as a method of direct story telling."[27] ምሁር ሙዚቃ ጀምስ ኢ. ፐሮነ ከምዚ ክብል ርእይቶ ሂቡ: "እቶም ዜማዊ መንጠልጠሊታት ነቲ ምግማት ግጥሚ ንምብዳህ ዝኣክል ሓያላት እዮም።"[45] ጆን ብሪም ካብ ስታር ትሪቡን ከም ዝገመቶ እታ ንጽል ደርፊ ካብታ ናይ መጀመርታ ናይ ስዊፍት ናይ ሃገር-ሙዚቃ ንጽል ደርፊ "ቲም ማክግራው" (2006) ትሕት ዝበለት ኮይና ግን ነቲ ፍርያት ከም ምልዕዓል ንኢዳቶ።[22] ኣብ ስላንት መጽሔት ኣብ ዝሃቦ ገምጋም፡ ጆናታን ኪፍ፡ ስዊፍት "ዓበይቲ ፖፕ ሁክስ" ብምፍጣሩ ብዝገበሮ ዜማዊ ደርፊ ተመሲጡ'ኳ እንተነበረ፡ እቲ መወከሲታት ሮሜዮን ጁልየትን "ነጥቢ ዝጎደለ"፡ ዘ ስካርለት ሌተር ድማ "ዘይግለጽ" ኮይኑ ረኺብዎ። ኪፍ ነቶም ግጥሚታት ፈጠራ ከም ዝጎደሎም ስለ ዝቖጸሮም፡ ነቲ ስዊፍት ኣብቲ ረፍሬን "ዝተቖርጸ ሓረጋት" ኣይተቐበሎን።[46]ኣብ ንድሕሪት ተመሊሱ ኣብ ዝገበሮ ገምጋም፡ ፕሮፌሰር ቋንቋ እንግሊዝ ሮበርት ኤን ዋትሰን፡ ብፍላይ ብሰንኪ ትረኻ ሸክስፒር፡ ስዊፍት "ኣብ መበል ዕስራን ሓደን ክፍለ ዘመን ዝያዳ ህቡብ ደረፍቲ ፍሹል ፍቕራዊ ደርፍታት" ምዃና ዝሕብር "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" መርትዖ ቆጺርዎ።[47] ነቐፍቲ ን"Love Story" ኣብ ደረጃ ደርፍታት ስዊፍት ልዑል ደረጃ ሂቦምዋ፤ እዚኦም ድማ ሃና ማይልርያ ካብ NME (2020) ካብ 160 ደርፍታት ኣብ ሓሙሻይ ደረጃ ዝሰርዓቶ፣[48] ጄን ሶንግ ካብ ፓስተ (2020)፣ ካብ 158 መበል 13፣[49] ከምኡ’ውን ኔት ጆንስ ካብ ቩልቸር (2021) ዝሰርዓቶ ካብ 179 ታሽዓይ።[50] ኣብ ካልእ ደረጃ ናይ ስዊፍት ንዘ ኢንዲፐንደንት ዝተመርጻ 100 ትራክታት፡ ሮይሲን ኦኮነር ን"Love Story" ኣብ ቁጽሪ 15 ብምስራዕ፡ ስዊፍት ከም "ሓይሊ ዝተኸልከለ ፍቕራዊ ዛንታ ዝርዳእ" ደራሲ ደርፊ ከምዘርእዮ ገሊጻ።[51] ኣሌክሲስ ፔትሪዲስ ካብ ዘ ጋርድያን ኣብ 2019 ኣብ ዘመዝገቦ ደረጃ ስዊፍት 44 ንጽል ደርፍታት ድሕሪ "ብላንክ ስፔስ" (2014) ካልኣይ ደረጃ ሒዙ። ብዛዕባ እቶም ስነ-ጽሑፋዊ መወከሲታት ከምዚ ኢሉ: "[እንተድኣ] እቶም መወከሲታት ሸክስፒርን ሃውቶርንን ዕንክሊል ዝመስሉ እንተመሲሎም: ብዝእመን መንገዲ ዕድመ ንእስነት ዕንክሊል እዮም።"[52] እታ ደርፊ ኣብ ዝርዝር ብሉጻት ደርፍታት ቴስት ኦፍ ካንትሪስ ብሉጻት 100 ካንትሪ ሶንግስ ሓዊሱ ተኻቲታ (2016)፣[53] ናይ ታይም ኣውት 35 ዝበለጻ ናይ ሃገር ደርፍታት ናይ ኩሉ ግዜ (2022)፣[54] ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ቢልቦርድ ብሉጻት 50 ናይ ሃገር ፍቕሪ ደርፍታት ናይ ኩሉ ግዜ (2022)።[23] ንግዳዊ ኣፈፃፅማ ኣብ ኣሜሪካ "Love Story" ኣብ ቢልቦርድ ሆት 100 ኣብ ቁጽሪ 16፡ ኣብ ቻርት ሆት ካንትሪ ሶንግስ ድማ ኣብ ቁጽሪ 25 ተሰሪዓ፡ ክልቲአን ብዕለት 27 መስከረም 2008።[55][56] ኣብ ዝቐጸለ ሰሙን ድማ ኣብ ሆት 100 ቁጽሪ ሓሙሽተ በጺሓ።[57] እታ ንጽል ደርፊ ኣብ 17 ጥሪ 2009 ኣብ ዝነበረ ቻርት ሆት 100 ኣብ ቁጽሪ ራብዓይ ደረጃ በጺሓ፡ ኣብ ቻርት ድማ ን49 ሰሙናት ኣሕሊፋ።[58] ንኽልተ ሰሙን ኣብ ቅድሚት ኣብ ቻርት ውዑያት ደርፍታት ሃገር ኣሕሊፋ።[59] ኣብቲ ንናይ ኣሜሪካ ፖፕ ሬድዮ ዝከታተል ቀንዲ 40 (ፖፕ ደርፍታት) ቻርት፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብቲ ብ28 ለካቲት 2009 ዝዛዘመ ሰሙን ቁጽሪ ሓደ በጺሓ።[60] ኣብ ክልቲኡ ቻርት ካንትሪ-ሬድዮን ፖፕ-ሬድዮን ኣብ ቅድሚት ዝስራዕ ናይ መጀመርታ ደርፊ ኮይና፡ ነታ ብሻንያ ትዌን ዝተደርሰት "You're Still the One" (1998) ኣብ ቁጽሪ ሰለስተ ዝለዓለ ደረጃ ዝሓዘት ኮይና፡ ዝለዓለ ቻርት ዝሓዘት ካንትሪ ስግረ-ዶብ ናብ ፖፕ ሬድዮ ኮይና በሊጻ። [61] ። ኣብ ካልኦት ናይ ቢልቦርድ ኣየርፕለይ ቻርትታት፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብ ቁጽሪ ሓደ ኣብ ኣዳልት ኮንተምፐራሪ፡ ኣብ ቁጽሪ ሰለስተ ድማ ኣብ ኣዳልት ፖፕ ሶንግስ ኣብ ዝለዓለ ጥርዙ በጺሑ።[62][63] "Teardrops on My Guitar" (2007) ብሓባር፡ "Love Story" ንስዊፍት ኣብ ዓሰርተ ዓመት 2000ታት ነፍሲ ወከፎም ክልተ ኣርእስታት ኣብ ቅድሚት 10 ካብ ኣርባዕተ ኣየርፕለይ ቻርት ዝበጽሑ ፈላመይቲ ስነጥበባዊት ገይራታ፤ ውዑያት ደርፍታት ሃገር፡ ቀንዲ ብሉጻት 40፡ ደርፍታት ፖፕ ዓበይቲ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ዓበይቲ እዋናዊ ደርፍታት።[64] ኣብ መወዳእታ ዓመት ኣብ ቻርት ደርፍታት ሬድዮ ኣብ ቅድሚት ተሰሪዑ።[65] ክሳብ ለካቲት 2009 ሰለስተ ሚልዮን ዳውንሎድ ተሸይጡ፡ ኣብ ኩሉ ግዜ ዝበለጸ መሸጣ ዘለዎ ናይ ሃገር ንጽል ደርፊ ነበረ።[66] ኣብ 2015 ማሕበር ኢንዱስትሪ ቅዳሕ ኣሜሪካ (RIAA) ን"ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ሸሞንተ ግዜ ፕላቲኒየም ከምዝኾነ መረጋገጺ ሂቡ።[67] እታ ንጽል ደርፊ ክሳብ ጥቅምቲ 2022 ኣብ ኣሜሪካ 6.2 ሚልዮን ቅዳሓት ዝተሸጠት ኮይና፡ ኣብታ ሃገር ዝለዓለ መሸጣ ዘለዋ ንጽል ደርፊ ስዊፍት ኮይና።[68] "Love Story" ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ናይ መጀመርታ ቁጽሪ ሓደ ንጽል ደርፊ ስዊፍት እያ ነይራ፣[69] ኣብኡ ድማ ዓሰርተ ግዜ ፕላቲኒየም ኮይኑ ሰርቲፊኬት ረኺባ።[70] ኣብ ውሽጢ ላዕለዎት ሓሙሽተ ናይ ንጽል ቻርትታት ጃፓን (ሰለስተ)፣[71] ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ሰፊሕ ቋንቋ እንግሊዝ ዝዛረብ ዓለም: ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ (ክልተ)፣[72] ኣየርላንድ (ሰለስተ)፣[73] ኒውዚላንድ (ሰለስተ)፣[ 74] ካናዳ (ኣርባዕተ)፣[75] ከምኡውን ስኮትላንድ (ሓሙሽተ)።[76] ኣብ መሬት ኤውሮጳ፡ እታ ንጽል ደርፊ ኣብ ቻርት ኤውሮጳውያን ውዑያት 100 ንጽልታት ቁጽሪ ዓሰርተ፡[77] ኣብ ቸክ ሪፓብሊክ ቁጽሪ ኣርባዕተ፡[78] ኣብ ሃንጋሪ ቁጽሪ ሽዱሽተ፡[79] ኣብ ኖርወይ ቁጽሪ ሸውዓተ፡[80] ቁጽሪ ዓሰርተ ድማ በጺሓ ኣብ ሽወደን።[81] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ስሉስ ፕላቲኒየም፣[82] ኣብ ካናዳ ድርብ ፕላቲኒየም፣[83] ኣብ ዴንማርክ፣ ጀርመንን ኒውዚላንድን ፕላቲኒየም፣[84][85][86] ኣብ ኢጣልያን ጃፓንን ድማ ወርቂ ዝተረጋገጸ እዩ።[84][85][86]። 87] ኣብ መላእ ዓለም 6.5 ሚልዮን ዲጂታላዊ ቅዳሓት ዝተሸጠት ኮይና፡ ኣብ 2009 ብብዝሒ ዝተወርደት ንጽል ደርፊ ኣብ ሻድሻይ ደረጃ ሒዛ።[88] ክሳብ ለካቲት 2021፡ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዝተገመተ መሸጣ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" 18 ሚልዮን ኣሃዱታት በጺሑ።[89] ቪድዮ ሙዚቃ ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ቪድዮታት ሙዚቃ ምስ ስዊፍት ዝሰርሐ ትረይ ፋንጆይ፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ዝብል ዳይረክተር ኮይኑ።[90] ስዊፍት ካብ ከም ማእከላይ ዘመን፣ ህዳሴን ሪጀንሲን ዝኣመሰሉ ታሪኻዊ ዘመናት ተደሪኻ "ኣብ 1700ታት፣ 1800ታት ወይ 2008 ክኸውን ዝኽእል" ግዜ ዘይስዕሮ ትረኻ ዘለዎ ብናይ እዋን ቁንጣሮ ቅዲ ቪድዮ ሰሪሓ።[90] ንሽዱሽተ ኣዋርሕ ነቲ መሪሕ ተባዕታይ ክትደሊ ጸኒሓ፡ ካብ ሓደ ትፈልጦ ሰብ ድማ ብዝተዋህባ ለበዋ ድማ ጃስቲን ጋስቶን ዝተባህለ ኣብ ተኸታታሊ ፊልም ተለቪዥን ናሽቪል ስታር ዝወዳደር ዝነበረ ሞዴል ፋሽን መሪጻ።[91][92] ጋስቶን ካብቲ ምርኢት ምስ ተኣልየ፡ ስዊፍት ኣብቲ ቪድዮ ንኽቐርብ ርክብ ገበረቶ።[90] ንሳ ጋስቶን ንመሪሕነት ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ፍጹም ምርጫ ምዃኑ ትኣምን ነበረት፡ "ብኣገባብ [መግለጺታቱ] ኣብቲ ቪድዮ ኣዝየ እየ ተመሲጠ። ዋላ ሓንቲ ከይተዛረበ፡ ውሱን ቁሊሕታ ጥራይ እዩ ዝገብር ነይሩ፡ ብሓቂ ድማ ጽቡቕ ኮይኑ ተራእዩ።"[ 91] እቲ ሙዚቃዊ ቪድዮ ኣብ ውሽጢ ክልተ መዓልታት ኣብ ነሓሰ 2008 ኣብ ቴነሲ ተቐሪጹ። እቶም ሰራሕተኛታት ንመዋቕር ናይቲ ቪድዮ ዝኸውን ካስትል ንምርካብ ናብ ኤውሮጳ ክገሹ ሓሲቦም እኳ እንተነበሩ ኣብ ኣርሊንግተን ኣብ ዝርከብ ካስል ግዊን ግን ሰፈሩ፤ እቲ ሓወልቲ ኣብ 1973 ዝተሃንጸ ኮይኑ፡ ኣካል ናይቲ ዓመታዊ ፈስቲቫል ህዳሴ ተነሲ እዩ።[90] ንቪድዮ ዝኸውን ዋርድሮብ-ብዘይካ እቲ ንባልኮኒ ትርኢት ዝኸውን ክዳን ስዊፍት፡ ብሳንዲ ስፒካ ብተደፋፍእን ሓሳባትን ስዊፍት ዝተነድፈ-ብጃካርድ ፋብሪክስ እዩ ቀሪቡ።[90] ኣብታ ቀዳመይቲ መዓልቲ፡ ናይ ባርኮኒን ናይ ሜዳን ትርኢታት ተቐሪጹ። ኣብ ካልኣይ መዓልቲ ዝተኻየደ ምውሳድ ፊልም፡ እቲ ናይ ቦልሩም ትርኢት ምስ 20 ሳዕሳዕቲ ካብ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ካምበርላንድ ሊባኖስ ዝተቐድሐ፤ ስዊፍት ቅድሚ ምቕራጽ ፊልም 15 ደቓይቕ እዩ ነቲ ኮርዮግራፊ ተማሂሩ።[90] ንገለ ካብ ካልኦት ግዝኣታት ዝመጹ ተማሃሮ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ዝነበሩ ኣድነቕታ ናብ ናሽቪል ብነፋሪት ክኸዱን ነቲ ቪድዮ ምስኣ ክስእልዎን ዓዲማ።[93] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ንፈለማ እዋን ብ12 መስከረም 2008 ኣብ ሲኤምቲ ተራእያ።[94] ብድሕሪ መጋረጃ ዝተቐድሐ ተንቀሳቓሲ ፍርያት ናይቲ ሙዚቃዊ ቪድዮ ብ12 ሕዳር 2008 ኣብ ዓባይ ኣሜሪካዊት ሃገር ተዘርጊሑ።[95] እቲ ቪድዮ ስዊፍት ጸሊም ስዊተርን ጂንስን ብምኽዳን እዩ ዝጅምር፤ ኣብ ሓደ ቀጽሪ ኮለጅ እናተጓዕዘት ጋስቶን ኣብ ትሕቲ ገረብ ከንብብ ትርእዮ። ዓይኒ ዓይኒ እናተራኸቡ ከለዉ፡ እቲ ቪድዮ ናብ ሓደ ባርኮኒ ይሰጋገር፡ ኣብኡ ድማ ስዊፍት ኮርሰትን ልብስን ተኸዲና ኣላ። እቲ ቪድዮ ናብቲ ጋስቶንን ስዊፍትን ብሓባር ዝስዕስዑሉ ቦልሩም ይቕየር፡ ድሕሪኡ ጋስቶን ኣብ እዝኒ ስዊፍት ሕሹኽ ይብል። ቀጺላ ስዊፍት ብለይቲ ፋኑስ ሒዛ ናብ ሓደ ጀርዲን ክትኣቱ ከላ ተራእያ። ምስ ጋስቶን ትራኸብ እሞ ቅድሚ ምፍልላይ ዕርክነት ኣለዎም። ጸኒሓ ስዊፍት መሊሳ ኣብ ባርኮኒ ደው ኢላ ብመስኮት ንደገ ትጥምት። ጋስቶን ንሓደ ሜዳ ሰጊሩ ናብኣ ገጹ ክጎዪ ርእያቶ’ሞ ብኡ ንብኡ ክትረኽቦ ብመደያይቦ ትጎዪ። ብድሕሪኡ እቲ ቪድዮ ናብቲ ዘመናዊ ቀጽሪ ኮለጅ ይቕየር፡ ኣብኡ ጋስቶን ናብ ስዊፍት ገጹ ይኸይድ እሞ ኣብ ኣዒንቲ ነንሕድሕዶም ይጥምቱ፡ እቲ ቪድዮ ድማ ይውዳእ።[90]ስፒን እቲ ቪድዮ ብ"HBO ዝመስል ባጀት" ዝተቐድሐ ይመስል ምስ "ዝተራቐቐ፡ ናይ ሓሶት ማእከላይ ዘመን ሴት ፒስ" ዝተቐድሐ ይመስል፤ ብመሰረት እታ መጽሔት፡ እቲ ትረኻ ንሮሜዮን ጁልየትን ሸክስፒር ኣብ ክንዲ ዘመልክት፡ ን"ራፑንዘል" ይመስል፡ ብፍላይ ድማ እቲ ገጸ ባህሪ ስዊፍት ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓወልቲ ንኣፍቃሪኣ ዝጽበየሉ ክፋል።[96] ብመሰረት ግላመር፡ ስዊፍት ኣብቲ ቪድዮ ዘለዋ ፋሽን ነቲ "[ንሳ] ቃል ብቓሉ ንሓደ ተዋሳኣይ ሮሜዮ ጁልየት እናተጻወተት ከላ ናይ ማእከላይ ዘመን ኩዕሶ ልብሲ ተኸዲና ነይራ" ዝብል ግጥማዊ ቴማ የደልድሎ።[97] ኣብ 2010 ኣብ ቢልቦርድ ኣብ ዝገበሮ ቃለ መሕትት፡ ስዊፍት ብዛዕባ እቲ ቪድዮ ዝነበረ ጽንጽዋይ- ዛንታ-ዝተደፋፍአ መርዓ ምድላው: "ኣነ ብሓቂ እታ ብዛዕባ መዓልቲ መርዓኣ እትሓልም ጓል ኣይኮንኩን። በቃ እቲ ርእዮተ ዓለም ዘለዎ፣ ሕጉስ-ድሕሪ [ህሞት] ይመስል።"[98] ሽልማትን ሕጹያትን "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብ 2009 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሽልማት ሃገር፡ ኣብ 2010 ድማ ሽልማት ፖፕ ብሉጽ ደርፊ ናይዚ ዓመት ተዓዊታ፡ ክልቲኦም ድማ ብብሮድካስት ሚዩዚክ ኢንክ (BMI) ዝተኻየዱ ኮይኖም፡ ኣብዚ ዓመት ኣብ ሬድዮን ተለቪዥንን ኣሜሪካ ዝበዝሑ ምርኢት ዘቕረቡ ደርፍታት ንምኽባር ዝተኻየዱ እዮም።[ 99] ስዊፍት ኣብ ሽልማት ቢኤምኣይ ካንትሪ ንኻልኣይ ግዜኣ ተኸታታሊ ዓወት ብሉጽ ደርፊ ናይዚ ዓመት ኮይኑ፡ ድሕሪ "Teardrops on My Guitar" ኣብ 2008።[100] ጓል 20 ዓመት ስዊፍት፡ ኣብ ሽልማት ፖፕ ቢኤምኣይ ብሉጽ ደርፊ ናይዚ ዓመት ዝዓተረ ዝነኣሰ ደራሲ ደርፊ እዩ።[101] ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ኣፕራ ኣዋርድስ፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ንዓለምለኻዊ ስራሕ ናይዚ ዓመት ተሓጽያ።[102] ኣብ ሽልማት ምርጫ ህዝቢ (ዝፈትዎ ደርፊ ሃገር፡ ናብ "መወዳእታ ስም" ካሪ ኡንደርዉድ ዝኸደት)፡[103] ሽልማት ምርጫ ህጻናት ኣውስትራልያ ኒከሎዲዮን (ዝፈትዋ ደርፊ፡ ናብ "ቡም ቡም ፓው" ናይ ጸሊም ዓይኒ ፒስ ዝኸደት) ሕጹያት ተቐቢላ። )፡[104] ከምኡ'ውን ሽልማት ምርጫ መንእሰያት (ናይ ምርጫ ፍቕሪ ደርፊ፡ ናብ ናይ ዳዊት ኣርቹለታ "ክራሽ" ዝኸደት)።[105][106] እታ ሙዚቃዊት ቪድዮ ኣብ መበል 45 ሽልማት ኣካዳሚ ሙዚቃ ሃገር ንብሉጽ ቪድዮ ናይዚ ዓመት ተሓጽያ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ብብራድ ፔይዝሊ "Waitin' on a Woman" (2008) ተሳዒራ።[107][108] ኣብ 2009 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሽልማት ሙዚቃ ሲኤምቲ ብሉጽ ቪድዮ ናይዚ ዓመትን ብሉጽ ቪድዮ ደቂ ኣንስትዮን ተዓዊታ።[109] ብተወሳኺ ኣብ መበል 43 ሽልማት ማሕበር ሙዚቃ ሃገር[110] ብሉጽ ሙዚቃዊ ቪድዮ ናይዚ ዓመት ከምኡ'ውን ኣብ ሽልማት ሙዚቃ ፊሊፒንስ ማይክስ 2010 ድማ ፍቱው ዓለምለኻዊ ቪድዮ ተዓዊታ።[111] ቀጥታዊ ምርኢታትን ካልእ ኣጠቓቕማን "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብ ኮንሰርታት ስዊፍት ቀንዲ መግቢ ኮይኑ ኣሎ-ክሳብ ሓምለ 2023፡ ነታ ደርፊ ልዕሊ 500 ግዜ ብቐጥታ ኣቕሪባታ።[112] ኣብ 2008ን 2009ን ኣብ እዋን ምልላይ ፊልም ፊርለስ፡ ስዊፍት ኣብ መደባት ተለቪዥን "Love Story" ዝብል ምርኢት ኣቕሪቡ፡ ንኣብነት ጉድ ሞርኒንግ ኣሜሪካ፡ ሌት ሾው ምስ ዴቪድ ሌተርማን፡ ዘ ቱደይ ሾው፡[113] ዳንሲንግ ዊዝ ዘ ስታርስ፡[114] ዘ ኤለን ዲጀነረስ ሾው፡[113]። 115] ከምኡ’ውን ሳተርደይ ናይት ላይቭ።[116] ኣብ 2008 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሽልማት ማሕበር ሙዚቃ ሃገር፡ ነቲ ናይ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ዝብል ቪድዮ ሙዚቃ ዳግማይ ኣቕሪባቶ፡ ነታ ደርፊ ኣብ መድረኽ ቦልሩም ምስ ጋስቶን ነቲ ፍቕራዊ ተገዳስነት እናተጻወተት ኣቕሪባታ።[117] ስዊፍትን እንግሊዛዊ ባንድ ደፍ ለፓርድን "Love Story" ዝብል መደብ ኣቕሪቦም፡ ካብ ካልኦት ትራክታት ካብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ስነጥበባዊ ሬፐርቶርያ፡ ንሓደ ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2008 ዝተቐድሐ ክፋል CMT Crossroads፤ እቲ ምርኢት ኣብ 2009 ብዲቪዲ ተዘርጊሑ።[118] ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ስዊፍት ኣብ ናይ ቢቢሲ ናይ ግብረ ሰናይ ቴሌቶን ቺልድረን ኢን ኒድ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ደሪፋ፡ ድሕሪኡ ድማ 13 ሽሕ ፓውንድ ኣወፍያ።[114] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣካል ናይቲ ንብዙሓት ናይ ስዊፍት ኣብ 2009 ኣርእስቲ ፈስቲቫል ምርኢታት ዝተዳለወ ዝርዝር እዩ ነይሩ፣ ንኣብነት ሂዩስተን ላይቭስቶክ ሾውን ሮዲዮን፣[119] ፍሎሪዳ ስትሮቨሪ ፌስቲቫል፣[120] ሳውንድ ሪሊፍ፣[121] ሲኤምኤ ሙዚቃ ፈስቲቫል፣[122]። ከምኡውን ክራቨን ካንትሪ ጃምቦሪ።[123] ነታ ደርፊ ኣብ ዝርዝር ሴት ናይቲ ንፈለማ እዋን ኣብ ኣርእስቲ ዝኾነት ናይ ኮንሰርት ዑደታ ፊርለስ ቱር (2009–2010) ኣካቲታታ። ምርኢታት ናይታ ደርፊ ብናይ ቪክቶርያ ክዳን ዝተኸድኑ መተካእታ ሳዕሳዕቲ እዩ ጀሚሩ፣ ድሕረ ባይታ ካስትል ናብ መድረኽ ክቐርብ ከሎ ብካኖን ፓቸልቤል ይሳዕስዑ።[124] ስዊፍት ካብ ታሕቲ ናብ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ መድረኽ ወጺኣ፤ ኣብ መበል 18 ክፍለ ዘመን ዝተሰርሐ ቀይሕ ልብሲ ወርቃዊ ላህጃ ዘለዎ ተኸዲና ነበረት።[125] ንመወዳእታ ግዜ ስዊፍት ናብ ጻዕዳ ክዳን መርዓን ብዕንቊ ዝተሰርሐ መሸፈኒ ርእስን እናተቐየረት ብድሕሪ መተካእታ ሳዕሳዕቲ ተሓቢኣ።[126][127] ቀጥታዊ ምርኢታት "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብ 2011 ኣብ ዲቪዲ ጉዕዞ ናብ ፍርሒ ዘይብሉ ተዘርጊሑ።[128] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ኣብ ዝርዝር ሴት ናይቲ ካልኣይ ኣርእስቲ ዑደት ስዊፍት ዝኾነ ስፒክ ኖው ዎርልድ ቱር (2011–2012) ናይ መወዳእታ ደርፊ እያ ነይራ።[129] ስዊፍት ጻዕዳ ክዳን ጸሓይ ተኸዲና፡ ኮንፈቲ ዝናብ እናዘነበን ኣብ መድረኽ ርችት እናተፈንጀረን ኣብ ዝነፍር ባርኮኒ ኣብ ስግር መድረኽ እናተዘዋወረት ነታ ደርፊ ደሪፋ።[130] እታ ደርፊ ኣካል ናይቲ ስዊፍት ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2012 ኣብ ቢቢሲ ሬድዮ 1 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሽልማት መንእሰያት ዘርኣየቶ ምርኢት እያ ነይራ፤ ቅድሚ ናብ ብሩር ውዑይ ካምቻን ንጹር ጸሊም ላዕለዋይ ክዳንን ምቕያራ ጻዕዳ ክዳን ተኸዲና ተራእያ።[131] ስዊፍት ኣብ መወዳእታ ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ወርሒ ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ኣብ ካሊፎርንያ ኣብ ዝርከብ ሃርቪ ሙድ ኮሌጅ ዝተቐድሐ ክፋል ናይ VH1 Storytellers ክፍሊ ኮይኑ ነታ ደርፊ ደሪፋታ።[132] ብ25 ጥሪ 2013 ስዊፍት ኣብ ስጳኛ ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሎስ ፕሪሚዮስ 40 ፕሪንሲፓልስ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ዝብል ኣኮስቲክ ቅዲ ኣቕሪቡ።[133] ዳግማይ ነታ ደርፊ ኣብ ዝርዝር ሴት ናይቲ ንሳልሳይ ግዜኣ ኣብ ርእሲ ዙር ቀይሕ ዑደት (2013–2014) ኣካቲታታ፣ ኣብኡ ድማ ጻዕዳ ልብሲ ተኸዲና ደሪፋታ።[134] ኣብ 2014 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሽልማት ሙዚቃ iHeartRadio፡ ስዊፍት ናይ "Love Story" ናይ ዓረና ሮክ ቅዲ ኣቕሪቡ።[135] ኣብ ራብዓይ ኣርእስቲ ዑደታ 1989 ዎርልድ ቱር (2015) ኣብ ዝነበረ ኮንሰርታት፡ ነታ ደርፊ ከም ሲንት-ፖፕ ባላድ ዳግማይ ኣሰናዲኣ፡ ኣብቲ ቦታ ኣብ ዙርያኡ ዝዘውር ልዕል ዝበለ መድረኽ ደው ኢላ ደሪፋቶ።[136][137] ብዛዕባ ዳግመ ምድላው ዙር ዓለም 1989 ርእይቶኣ ክትህብ ከላ፡ ጄን ሶንግ ካብ ፓስተ፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" "ሓንቲ ካብተን ናይ [ስዊፍት] ናይ ጻውዒት ካርድታት ኮይና ክትቅጽል እያ" ኢላ።[49] ስዊፍት ዳግማይ ን"Love Story" ኣብ ዝርዝር ሴት ናይቲ ሓሙሻይ ናይ ኮንሰርት ዑደታ፡ ናይ 2018 ሪፑቴሽን ስታድዩም ቱር ኣካቲታቶ፡ ኣብኡ ድማ ከም ኣካል ናይ ምትሕውዋስ ምስተን "ስታይል"ን "ዩ ቢሎንግ ዊዝ ሚ"ን ንጽል ደርፍታታ ኣቕሪባታ።[138] ብዕለት 23 ሚያዝያ 2019 ኣብ ሊንከን ሴንተር ፎር ዘ ፐርፎርሚንግ ኣርትስ ኣብ ታይም 100 ጋላ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ብፒያኖ ኣቕሪባ፡ ኣብዚ ጋላ ድማ ሓንቲ ካብተን ናይቲ ዓመት "ኣዝየን ጽልዋ ዘለወን ሰባት" ተባሂላ ተኸቢራ።[139] ብ9 መስከረም ስዊፍት ነታ ደርፊ ኣብ ፓሪስ ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ናይ ሓደ ግዜ ኮንሰርት ከተማ ኣፍቃሪ ኣቕረበት።[140] ኣብቲ "ናይ ዓሰርተ ዓመት ስነጥበባዊት" ተባሂላ ዝተሸለመትሉ ኣሜሪካዊ ሽልማት ሙዚቃ 2019፡ ስዊፍት "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ምስ "እቲ ሰብኣይ"፡ "I Knew You Were Trouble"፡ "Blank Space" ዝተባህለ ምትሕውዋስ ኣቕሪባ። ከምኡ'ውን "ሻክ ኢት ኦፍ"።[141] ብዕለት 21 ሓምለ 2022 ኣብ ለንደን ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ኮንሰርት ናይ ሃይም ዋን ሞር ሃይም ቱር ስዊፍት ጋሻ ኮይና ተራእያ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ምስ "ቤንዚን" ዝገበሮ ምትሕውዋስ ኣቕሪባ።[142] ንሳ ውን ን"Love Story" ኣብ ስሩዕ ዝርዝር ሴት ናይቲ ኣብ 2023 ዝገበረቶ ኣርእስቲ ዑደታ ዝኾነ ኢራስ ቱር ኣስፊራታ።[143] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ብፓሮዲ ተገይሩን ናብ ህዝባዊ-ባህላዊ ፍጻመታት ተቐይሩን ኣሎ። ንሽልማት ሙዚቃ ሲኤምቲ 2009፡ ስዊፍትን ራፐር ቲ-ፔይንን "Thug Story" ዝብል ኣርእስቲ ዘለዎ ፓሮዲ ቀሪጾም፡ ​​ኣብኡ ድማ ምስ Auto-Tune ራፕ ይገብሩን ይደርፉን፤ እቲ ፓሮዲ ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ዝሑል ክፉት ስነ-ስርዓት ሽልማት ኣብ ኣየር ተዘርጊሑ።[144] ኣብ ነሓሰ 2020፡ ዘይወግዓዊ ናይ ገዛ ሪሚክስ ናይ "Love Story" ብኣመሪካዊ ዲጄ ዲስኮ ላይንስ ኣብ ቪድዮ ምክፋል መድረኽ ቲክቶክ ቫይረስ ኮይኑ።[145] ሪሚክስ ዲስኮ ላይንስ ኣብ ወርሒ ጥቅምቲ 2020 ኣብ ቻርት ኣየርፕለይ ፖላንድ ኣብ ቁጽሪ 37 ተሰሪዑ።[146] "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ (ናይ ቴይለር ስሪት)" ስዊፍት ምስ ሪፓብሊክ ሪከርድስ ሓድሽ ውዕል ድሕሪ ምፍራማ፡ ኣብ ሕዳር 2020 ንፊርለስ ሓዊሱ ናይ መጀመርታ ሽዱሽተ ናይ ስቱድዮ ኣልበማታ ዳግማይ ክትቅርጽ ጀሚራ።[192] እዚ ውሳነ ኣብ 2019 ኣብ መንጎ ስዊፍትን ኣካያዲ ተውህቦ ስኩተር ብራውንን ድሕሪ ዘጋጠመ ህዝባዊ ክርክር ዝመጸ ኮይኑ፡ ንሳ ንቢግ ማሽን ሪከርድስ ኣጥሪያ፡ ንሳቶም ድማ እቶም ዋናታት ናይተን እቲ ትካል ዝዘርግሐን ኣልበማት ስዊፍት ሓዊሱ እዩ።[193][194] ስዊፍት ካታሎጋ ዳግማይ ብምምዝጋብ ምሉእ ዋንነት ናይቶም ሓደስቲ ጎይቶት ነይርዋ፣ እዚ ድማ ፍቓድ ቅዳሕ ደርፍታታ ሓዊሱ፣ ነቶም ብቢግ ማሽን ዝውነኑ ጎይቶት ዋጋኦም ኣጉዲልዎም።[195] ስዊፍት "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ዳግማይ ቀሪጹ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ (ናይ ቴይለር ስሪት)" ዝብል ኣርእስቲ ሂብዋ። ካብቲ ዳግማይ ቅዳሕ ዝተቐድሐ ጽሑፍ ኣብ ታሕሳስ 2020 ኣብ መወዓውዒ ማች ዶት ኮም ተጠቒሙ።[196] "Love Story (Taylor's Version)" እታ ናይ መጀመርታ ዳግማይ ዝተቐድሐት ትራክ እያ ዘውጽኣታ፤[197] ቅድሚ ምዝርግሓ ​​ዳግማይ ዝተቐድሐት ኣልቡም Fearless (Taylor's Version) ኣብ... ሚያዝያ.[198][199] ብሽወደናዊት ኣፍራዪ ኤልቪራ ሪሚክስ ዝተገብረላ "Love Story (Taylor's Version)" እትብል ናይ EDM ቅዲ ብ26 መጋቢት 2021 ተዘርጊሓ፡ ኣብ ዲሉክስ ሕታም Fearless (Taylor's Version) ድማ ተኻቲታ።[200] "Love Story (Taylor's Version)" ብስዊፍትን ኣብ ናሽቪልን ዝመደበሩ ኣፍራዪ ክሪስቶፈር ሮው ዝተዳለወት እያ። ብዴቪድ ፔይን ኣብ ብላክበርድ ስቱድዮ ዝተቐድሐት ኮይና፡ ተወሳኺ ቅዳሕ ሮው ኣብ ፕራይም ሪከርዲንግን ስቱድዮ 13ን ኮይኑ፡ ኩለን ኣብ ናሽቪል እየን። ሳም ሆላንድ ንድምጺ ስዊፍት ኣብ ሎስ ኣንጀለስ ኣብ ዝርከብ ኮንዌይ ሪከርዲንግ ስቱድዮ ቀሪጹ፤ ሰርባናዊ ጌንያ ነቲ ዳግማይ ቅዳሕ ኣብ ሚክስስታር ስቱድዮ ኣብ ቨርጂንያ ቢች ቨርጂንያ ሓዋዊስዎ፤ ከምኡ’ውን ራንዲ ሜሪል ኣብ ኤጅዋተር ኒውጀርሲ ኣብ ዝርከብ ስተርሊንግ ሳውንድ መሊኾሞ።[201] ስዊፍት ንገለ ካብቶም ኣብቲ ናይ 2008 ቅዲ ዝሰርሑ ዝነበሩ ሙዚቀኛታት ምስኣ ዳግማይ ክቐርጹ ዓዲማ፤ እዞም ተሳተፍቲ እዚኦም ጆናታን ዩድኪን ብፊድል፡ ኣሞስ ሄለር ብቤዝ ጊታርን ኬትሊን ኢቫንሰንን ብሃርሞኒ ቮካልን፤ ኣካል ናይ ስዊፍት ዑደት ዝገበረት ባንድ ኮይኖም ምስኣ ብዙሕ ግዜ "Love Story" ተጻዊቶም ነይሮም።[201] ብመሰረት ነቐፍቲ፡ ምፍራይ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ (Taylor's Version)" ምስቲ ኣብ 2008 ዝነበረ ቅዳሕ እሙን እዩ።[201][202] ኣብ ድምጺ ድምጺ ስዊፍት ለውጢ ኣስተብሂሎም፣ እዚ ድማ ዝያዳ ቃና ዘለዎን ናይ ሃገር-ሙዚቃ ድምጺ ዘይብሉን እዩ፤[26][203] እታ ኣትላንቲክ ሸርሊ ሊ ድምጺ ስዊፍት "ኣዝዩ ሃብታም" ምስ ቁጽጽር ዝግበረሉ ቃናን ልክዕ ስታካቶን ረኺባቶ። [204] ። ስዊፍት፡ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ" ዳግማይ ምቕራጻ ከም ደራፊት ከመይ ከም ዝተመሓየሸትን ኣብቲ ናይ ቀደም ቅዳሓት "ድምጻ ኣዝዩ መንእሰይ ከም ዝነበረን" ከም ዝተረድአት ገሊጻ።[205] ናይቲ ዳግመ-ምቕራጽ መሳርሒታት ዝያዳ በሊሕን ፍሉያትን ኮይኖም፡ ንጹር ድምጺ ባንጆ፡ ሲምባላትን ፊድልን ኣለዎም፤ ዝሓየለ ከበሮ፤ ብዝያዳ ብንጹር ዝተነጸረ ቤዝ፤ ውሑድ ተሪር ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ ጊታራት፤ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብቲ ምትሕውዋስ ዝነበረ ስኒት ምውራድ።[24][203][206] ኣብ ቢልቦርድ፡ ክሪስተን ሄ፡ እቶም ኣብቲ ናይ 2008 ቅዲ ዝነበሩ መሳርሒታት ናብ "መንደቕ ድምጺ" ክወሃሃዱ እንከለዉ፡ ምፍራይ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ (ስሪት ቴይለር)" ንውልቃዊ መሳርሒታት ከምዘጉልሕ ገሊጻ።[24] ኣብ ክለሳታት፡ ነቐፍቲ "ዛንታ ፍቕሪ (Taylor's Version)" ነቲ መበቆላዊ ቅዲ እሙን ብምዃኑ ንኢዶም፡ ብዝተጸረየ ምፍራይን ብሱል ድምጽን ስዊፍትን ዝተመሓየሸ ኮይኑ ተሰሚዕዎም።[203][204][207] ውሑዳት ነቲ ዳግማይ ምቕራጽ ስዊፍት ዋንነት ሙዚቃኣ ምዃና ብሓጎስ ተቐቢሎሞ።[202][206] ሪኢቶታት ካብ ሮሊንግ ስቶን ሳይሞን ቮዚክ-ሌቪንሰንን ሎስ ኣንጀለስ ታይምስ ሚካኤል ዉድን ነቲ ዳግማይ ምቕራጽ ሓድሽ ናይ "ክላሲክ" ደርፊ ብዛዕባ ስምዒታት መንእሰያት ዝብል ስያመ ሂቦሞ።[202][208] ማርክ ሳቫጅ ካብ ቢቢሲ፡ ዝተመሓየሸ ድምጺ ስዊፍት ነቲ ናይ ዕድመ ንእስነት ስምዒት ከም ዝዕቅቦ ይዛረብ፡[203] እንተኾነ ግን ናይ ዘ ኣትላንቲክ ሸርሊ ሊን ናይ ኤንኤምኢ ሃና ማይልርያን ዝያዳ ሓያላት ምዃኖምን፡ እዚ ድማ ናይ ምሕንካስ ስምዒት ዘተኣታቱ ስለ ዝኾነ ድማ ነቲ ናይ 2008 ቅዲ ዕቱብነት ይስእን።[204] ][207] ሮበርት ክሪስትጋው ከም ዝብሎ፡ "ድምጺ ስዊፍት ዓቢ ፍሩይነት ይዕቅብ" እንተኾነ ግን "ንዳግመ ምቕዳሕ ገንዘብ ከቐምጥ'ውን ክሓስብ ኣይክእልን'የ" ብምባል፡ ንዋጋ ናይቲ ዳግማይ ምቕራጽ ቀዳሞት ደርፍታት ኣብ ሕቶ ኣእትዩ። ሮብ ሸፊልድ እንተዘይኣእሚኑኒ"።[209] ኣብ U.S.፡ "Love Story (Taylor's Version)" ኣብ ቻርት Hot Country Songs ንፈለማ እዋን ኣብ ቅድሚት ብምስራዕ፡ ንስዊፍት ሻሙናይ ቁጽሪ ሓደ ንጽል ደርፋን ፈላመይቲ ቁጽሪ ሓደን ንፈለማ እዋን ክትስራዕ ክኢላ። በዚ ዓወት ድማ ኣብ 2000ታት፡ 2010ታትን 2020ታትን ኣብ ቻርት ዝመርሐት ፈላመይቲ ስነጥበባዊት ኮይና፡ ብኽልቲኡ ኦሪጅናልን ዳግማይ ዝተቐድሐን ቅዲ ደርፊ ድማ ካልኣይቲ ስነጥበባዊት ኮይና፡ ድሕሪ ዶሊ ፓርተን ብ"I ኩሉ ግዜ ክፈትወካ እዩ"። ኣብ ካልኦት ቻርት ቢልቦርድ፡ "Love Story (Taylor's Version)" ኣብ መሸጣ ዲጂታል ደርፍታት (ናይ ስዊፍት ክብረወሰን ዘናውሐ መበል 22 ቁጽሪ ሓደ)፡ ካንትሪ ዲጂታል ደርፊ መሸጣ (ክብረወሰን ዘናውሐ መበል 15 ቁጽሪ ሓደ)፡ ከምኡ'ውን ካንትሪ ስትሪሚንግ ሶንግስ ኣብ ቅድሚት ተሰሪዑ። እታ ደርፊ ንፈለማ እዋን ተራእያ ኣብ ቢልቦርድ ሆት 100 ኣብ ቁጽሪ 11 ደረጃ በጺሓ፡ እዚ ድማ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ መበል 129 ቻርት ምእታዋ እዩ።[210] እቲ ዳግማይ ምቕራጽ ኣብ ቢልቦርድ ግሎባል 200 ኣብ ቁጽሪ ሸውዓተ ደረጃ በጺሑ።[56] ኣብ ማሌዥያ[211] ኣብ ቻርት ንጽል ደርፍታት ኣብ ቅድሚት ብምስራዕ ኣብ ካናዳ፡[75] ኣየርላንድ፡[212]ን ሲንጋፖርን ድማ ኣብ ቅድሚት 10 በጺሑ።[213] ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ኣብ ቁጽሪ 12፡[214] ኣብኡ ብሩር፡[215] ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ኒውዚላንድ ቁጽሪ 18 ተሰሪዑ።[216] ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2021፡ ቢልቦርድ ኣብ ኣመሪካ ዝርከባ መደበራት ሬድዮ "Love Story (Taylor's Version)"ን ካልእ ዳግማይ ቅዳሓትን ምስተን ኦሪጅናል ክነጻጸር ከሎ ሳሕቲ ከምዝጻወታ ጸብጺቡ፤ ዝቐረቡ ምኽንያታት እቶም ዳግመ-ቅዳሓት እኹል ፍሉይነት ስለዘይነበሮም፣ ካብቶም ሓደስቲ ደርፍታታ ንዝኣረጉ ደርፍታት ስዊፍት ዝወሓደ ጠለብ ተዓዘብቲ ስለዝነበሮምን ብመልክዕ ሬድዮ ንምምዳቦም ኣጸጋሚ ስለዝነበሩን እዮም።[217] ኣብ 2022 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሽልማት ሙዚቃ ሲኤምቲ፡ እቲ ዳግማይ ምቕራጽ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ብሉጽ ደርፊ ትሬንዲንግ ካምባክ ናይዚ ዓመት ተዓዊቱ፤ ሲኤምቲ ነዚ ምድብ ዝፈጠሮ "ናይ ግዜ ፈተና ዝጸንሑ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ሓድሽ ተፈታውነት ዝረኸቡ ምልክት ኮኾባትን ውሩያት ደርፍታቶምን" ንምኽባር እዩ።[218] k2th2p7b3psn7jaxl7nm27dvzx0kj0r 0 6193 24514 24491 2023-09-15T14:00:17Z Wolverène 3395 del wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|machine translation?}} ህቦብላ ዳኒኤል፡ ብሳይክሎን ዳኒኤል ዝፍለጥ፡ ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝተመዝገበ ዝቐተለን ዝኸበረን ትሮፒካዊ ዝመስል ህቦብላ ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ከምኡ'ውን ድሕሪ ህቦብላ ናርጊስ ኣብ 2008 ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዝቐተለ ህቦብላ እዩ።ብተወሳኺ ኣብ 2023 ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝቐተለ ፍጻመ ኩነታት ኣየር እዩ።[4] ኣብ ከባቢ 4 መስከረም 2023 ከም ትሑት ጸቕጢ ዘለዎ ስርዓት ዝቖመ እዚ ህቦብላ፡ ንግሪኽ፡ ቡልጋርያን ቱርኪን ብሰፊሕ ውሕጅ ጸልይወን። ብድሕሪኡ እቲ ህቦብላ ከም ትሑት ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ተወዲቡ ህቦብላ ዳኒኤል ተባሂሉ ተሰይሙ። ነዊሕ ከይጸንሐት ንእሽቶ ትሮፒካዊ ባህርያት ኣጥርያ ናብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ሊብያ ገጻ ብምኻድ፡ ቅድሚ ናብ ተረፍ ትሑት ደረጃ ምብስባሳ ኣዕናዊ ውሕጅ ኣስዒባ። እቲ ህቦብላ ውጽኢት ናይ ኦሜጋ ብሎክ እዩ ነይሩ፣ ምኽንያቱ ልዑል ጸቕጢ ዘለዎ ዞባ ኣብ መንጎ ክልተ ትሑት ጸቕጢ ዘለዎም ዞባታት ተሰቒሉ፣ እቶም ኣይሶባር ድማ ከም ናይ ግሪኽ ፊደል Ω ቅርጺ ዝነበሮም።[5][6] ኣብ ግሪኽ፡ እቲ ህቦብላ ኣብ ዝተመዝገበ ታሪኽ እቲ ዝኸፍአ ተባሂሉ ዝግለጽ ኮይኑ፡ ብርቱዕ ዝናብ ብምዝናቡ፡ ልዕሊ 2 ቢልዮን ዩሮ ዝግመት ዕንወት ዘስዓበ ዕልቕልቕ ኣስዒቡ። ሊብያ ኣዝዩ ዝተሃስየት ኮይና፡ ብርቱዕ ዝናብ ብምኽንያት ኣብ ጥቓ ከተማ ደርና ዝርከቡ ክልተ ዲጋታት ክፈሽሉ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ። እዚ ድማ ብኣሽሓት ዝቑጸሩ ሞት ኣስዒቡ፡ ዋላ እኳ ልክዕ ኣሃዛት ከከም ምንጩ ዝተፈላለየ እንተኾነ፡ ካብ 10 ክሳብ 100 ሽሕ ሰባት ደሃዮም ጠፊኡ። ሊብያ ንኸምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ሓደጋታት ተቓላዕቲ ምዃና፡ ኣብ ቅድሚ ዳንኤል ኣገደስቲ ትሕተ-ቅርጺ ዝሃሰየትን ኣብ ሕማቕ ኩነታት ዝገደፋን ኲናት ሓድሕድ እዩ ተሓሲቡ። ብድሕሪ'ዚ፡ ሓያሎ ኣብ ወሰን ባሕሪ ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ዝርከባ ሃገራት፡ ነተን ዝተጎድኣ ሃገራት ሓገዝ ክገብራ ቃል ኣትየን እየን። ታሪኽ ሜትሮሎጂ ኣብ ልዕሊ ባሕሪ ኣዮንያ ትሑት ጸቕጢ ዘለዎ ከባቢ ዝማዕበለ ኮይኑ ናይ ገጽ ሙቐት ኣብ ውሽጢ ደረጃ ትሮፒካዊ ምስግጋር እዩ።[7] ብ4 መስከረም ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓውሲ ደሴት ባልካን ንደቡብ ገጹ ብምኻድ ብፍላይ ኣብ ልዕሊ ዞባ ተሰላፊ ብርቱዕ ዝናብ ኣስዒቡ።[7] እቲ ስርዓት ንጽባሒቱ ኣብ ልዕሊ ባሕሪ ኣዮንያዊ ህቦብላ ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ኮይኑ፡ ብሃገራዊ ኣገልግሎት ሜትሮሎጂ ሄለኒክ ድማ ህቦብላ ዳንኤል ተባሂሉ ተሰምየ።[8] ኣብ ዝቐጸሉ መዓልታት እቲ ስርዓት ናብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ገጹ ብምኻድ፡ ከም ትሕተ-ትሮፒካዊ ህቦብላ ኮይኑ ኣብ ዝለዓለ ጥርዙ በጺሑ፡ ንፋስ ድማ ብመሳርሒታት ሜቶፕ ብ45 ዕንደራ (83 ኪ.ሜ/ሰዓት፤ 52 ማይልስ ኣብ ሰዓት) ተመዝጊቡ።[9] ብድሕሪኡ እቲ ህቦብላ ኣብ ጥቓ ከተማ ቤንጋዚ ኣብ ሊብያ ናብ መሬት በጺሑ። ብ10 መስከረም ዳንኤል ናብ ምብራቕ ብምኻድ ንውሽጢ ሃገር ቀጸለ ቅድሚ ድሒሩ ብሰንኪ ደረቕ ኣየርን መሬትን ምትእስሳር ናብ ተረፍ ትሑት ደረጃ ምብስባሱ፡ እቲ ህቦብላ ክሳብ 12 መስከረም ምሉእ ብምሉእ ተበታቲኑ።[citation needed] ፅልዋ ብዕለት 5 መስከረም ኣብ ግሪኽ ከተማ ተሳሊያ ዘጋጠመ ዕልቕልቕ ብውሑዱ ሓደ ሰብ ሞይቱ።[10] ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ መዓልቲ፡ ቁሸት ዛጎራ 1,092 ሚሊሜተር (43.0 ኢንች) ዝናብ ዝዘነበ ኮይኑ፡ ካብቲ ኣብታ ሃገር ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ወርሒ ዝዘነበ ማእከላይ ዝናብ ብ55 ዕጽፊ ዝዛይድ እዩ።[11] ፖርታርያ እውን ሓድሽ ክብረወሰን ዝናብ 884 ሚ.ሜ (34.8 ኢንች) ኣመዝጊባ። ድሕሪኡ እቲ መደበር ኩነታት ኣየር ስለዝፈሸለ ተወሳኺ ዝናብ ክዕቀን ኣይከኣለን።[12] ብ6 መስከረም ኣብ ፔልዮን ዝዓርግ ሩባ ክራፍሲዶናስ ኣብ ቮሎስ ንገማቱ ኣዕለቕሊቑ ንሓደ ድልድል[13]ን መዕበዪ ኣረጋውያንን[14] ኣዕንዩ፣[14] ኣብ መንገዱ መካይን፣ ኣውቶቡሳት፣[15] ኣግራብን ካልእ ፍርስራስን እናጎተተ .[16] ። ብ7 መስከረም ኣብ መንጎ ኣቴንስን ተሰሎንቄን ዝነበረ ቀንዲ ሞተር መንገዲ ተዓጽዩ ኣብ መንጎ ክልቲአን ከተማታት ዝነበረ ኣገልግሎት ባቡር ደው ኢሉ።[17] ኣብ ቴሳሊ፡ ኣብ ማእከል ዝፈረሱ ህንጻታትን ድልድላትን ኣብ ትሕቲ ማይ ዝጠሓለ ዓድታትን ልዕሊ 800 ሰባት ክድሕኑ ተገዲዶም።[18] ኣብ ላሪሳ፡ ዝናብ ብ8 መስከረም ምስ ተዛዘመ፡ ሩባ ፒነዮስ ኣብ ገምገምታቱ ብምውሓዙ፡ ምስቲ ንቡር ደረጃ 4 ሜትሮ (13 ጫማ) ክነጻጸር እንከሎ፡ 9.5 ሜትሮ (31 ጫማ) ደረጃ ክበጽሕ ከሎ፡ ማይ ምውሳኹ ቀጸለ።[19] ኣብ ጎልጎል ቴምፐ፡ ደረጃ ማይ ናብ ኣስታት 18 ሜትሮ (59 ጫማ) ብምድያብ፡ ደረጃ ተንጠልጣሊ ድልድል በጺሑ።[20] ዝናብ ካብ ዝጅምር ጀሚሩ፡ ኣገልግሎት ቅልጡፍ ካርታ ምውጻእ ፕሮግራም ኮፐርኒከስ ንዞባ ውሕጅ ግሪኽ ተነቒሉ፡ ኣብዚ ትንተና ዳታ ሴንቲነል-1 ካብ 7 መስከረም ጀሚሩ፡ ኣስታት 73,000 ሄክታር (180,000 ኤከር) ዝግመት ስፍሓት ውሕጅ ከምዘለዎ ኣረጋጊጹ።[21 ] . ተመራመርቲ ሜትሮሎጂ ነቲ ህቦብላ ኣብ 1930 መዛግብቲ ካብ ዝጅምር ንደሓር ኣብ ግሪኽ ዝኸፍአ ህቦብላ ምዃኑ ይምድብዎ።[22] ኣብታ ኣስታት 15% ካብ ሕርሻዊ ምህርቲ ግሪኽ እተቕርብ ቴሳሊያ ዘጋጠመ ውሕጅ፡ እቲ ረጒድ ንጣብ ጭቃ ነቲ ሓመድ መኻን ስለ ዝገብሮ፡ ንኽኸውን ክሳብ ሓሙሽተ ዓመት ዝወስድ ብምዃኑ፡ ንዝተረፈ ዓመት ነቲ ዝራእቲ ኣዕንዩን ከቢድ ናይ ነዊሕ ግዜ ጉድኣት ኣስዒቡን። ምሉእ ብምሉእ ዳግማይ ስራሕ።[22] ኣመሓዳሪ ከተማ ቴሳሊየ ኮስታስ ኣጎራስቶስ ንሄለኒክ ብሮድካስቲንግ ኮርፖሬሽን (ERT) ኣብ ዝሃቦ ሓበሬታ፡ ኣብቲ ዞባ ዘጋጠመ ዕንወት ህቦብላ ልዕሊ 2 ቢልዮን ዩሮ ክኸውን ከምዝተቖጽረ ገሊጹ።[23] ብ10 መስከረም ኣብ ግሪኽ ተወሳኺ ኣርባዕተ ሬሳታት ተረኺቡ፡ ቁጽሪ ሞት ኣብታ ሃገር ናብ ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ ክብ ኣቢልዎ፡ ክሳብ 11 መስከረም ክልተ ሰባት ገና ደሃዮም ጠፊኡ።[24] ቱርኪ ኣብተን ናይ መጀመርታ መዓልታት ናይቲ ህቦብላ፡ ኣብ ቱርኪ ኣብ ግዝኣት ኪርክላረሊ ኣብ ዝርከብ ኢግነዳ ብዝተፈጥረ ዕልቕልቕ ሓሙሽተ ሰባት ሞይቶም። እቶም ሞት ኣብ ከባቢ ሃገራዊ ፓርክ ውሕጅ ጫካታት ኢግንያዳ ኣብ ፍቓድ ዘይብሉ ትካል ባንጋሎ እዩ ኣጋጢሙ። እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዝነበረ ማያት ካብቲ ኣብ ጥቓኡ ዝነበረ ናይ ኣግራብ ንግዲ ዕንጨይቲ ሒዙ ይኸይድ ነበረ እሞ እቲ ዕንጨይቲ ድማ ነቶም ገዛውቲ ጎቲቶም ይጎትትዎም ነበሩ፣ ኣብ መስርሕ ድማ ነቶም ህንጻታት የዕንዎምን ነቲ ህዝቢ ይቐትሎን ነበረ።[25] ብ6 መስከረም ኣብ ኢስታንቡል ዝርከባ ኣውራጃታት ኣርናቩትኮይ፡ ባሻክሸሂርን ኩቹክቸክሜቸን ብሰንኪ ብርቱዕ ዝናብ ዕልቕለቕ ኣጋጢምወን። ኣብ ኣውራጃታት ባሻክሸሂርን ኩቹክቸክመቸን ክልተ ሞይቶም፡ 31 ድማ ቆሲሎም።[8][26] ኮስቲን ኣራፕያን ሓዊሱ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ቡልጋርያ ኣብ ዝርከብ ኣውራጃ ቡርጋስ ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ጸሊም ባሕሪን ኣብ ጥቓኡን ዝርከባ ዓድታት ኣብ ትሕቲ ባሕሪ ስለዝተጠልቀያ ካብቲ ቦታ ክወጹ ተገዲዶም። ኣብ ከባቢ ዛረቮ ድልድል ድሕሪ ምፍራሱ ሰለስተ ሰባት ተጸሪጎም ክወጹ እንከለዉ፡ ካልእ ሰብ ድማ ኣብ ጥቓ እታ ከተማ ጥሒሉ።[27][28] ኣብ ኮስቲ ዝናብ 311 ሚ.ሜ (420% ካብ ወርሓዊ ማእከላይ ደረጃ መስከረም)፡ ኣብ ኣህቶፖል 196 ሚ.ሜ (350% ካብ ወርሓዊ ማእከላይ)፡ ኣብ ግራማቲኮቮ ድማ 275 ሚ.ሜ (368% ካብ ወርሓዊ ማእከላይ) ተለኪዑ። [29] ። ኣብ ዛረቮ ዝናብ ክብረወሰን ቡልጋርያ ክሕዝ ትጽቢት ይግበር ነይሩ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ 20 ሰዓታት 330 ሚ.ሜ ዝናብ ክዘንብ (40% ካብ ዓመታዊ ማእከላይ ደረጃ)።[30] ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ቡልጋርያ ኣብ ጥቓ ትዩለኖቮ ኣብ ዝርከብ ባሕሪ ሳሕቲ ዝወጽእ ማይ ተራእዩ።[31] ሊብያ እዚ ክፍሊ ኣብ ካልእ ውድቀት ግድብ ደርና ብዝብል ኣርእስቲ ክምቀል ሓሳብ ቀሪቡ ኣሎ። (ዘተ) (መስከረም 2023) ንምብራቕ ሊብያ ዝቆጻጸር ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር መንግስቲ ሃገራዊ ምርግጋእ ኦሳማ ሓማዳ፡ ከም ጥንቃቐ ብ9 መስከረም ኣዋጅ ህጹጽ እዋን ኣዊጁ፡ ትምህርቲ ኣቋሪጹ።[32] ኣብ ደርና ክልተ ዲጋታት ምስ ፈረሱ ብውሑዱ 11,300 ሰባት[1] ከምዝሞቱ ተረጋጊጹ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣስታት 30 ሚልዮን ሜትሮ ኪዩብ ዝግመት ማይ ምፍናው እዩ።[33] ከምኡ’ውን ወዲ ደርና ኣብ ባንክታቱ[34] ብነፍሲ ወከፍ ሸነኹ ብ50 ሜትሮ (160 ጫማ) ምስ ኣዕለቕለቐ ኣብ መላእ እቲ ከባቢ ኣዕናዊ ዕንወት ምፍጣሩ።[35] ነበርቲ እቶም ዲጋታት ኣብ ዝተፈንጀሩሉ እዋን ዓው ዝበለ ፍንጀራ ከምዝሰምዑ ይዝክሩ።[36] ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ሓማዳ፡ መንበሪ ከባቢታት ከምዝተጸረገ ገሊጹ። ኣብ ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢታት ዝተዘርግሑ ቪድዮታት፡ መካይን ኣብቲ ማይ ኣይሂ ከምዝጠሓላ ዘርኢ እዩ።[37] ኣርባዕተ ድልድላት እውን ክፈርሱ እንከለዉ፡ ሚኒስተር ኣቬሽን ሃማዳ ሂሻም ችኪዮዋት፡ ደርና ብ"ሱናሚ" ዝተሃርመት ትመስል ከምዘላ ገሊጹ። ብተወሳኺ 25% ካብታ ከተማ "ጠፊኡ"[38] ሰፊሕ ክፋል እታ ከተማ ናብ ባሕሪ ሜዲተራንያን ተጎቲቱ ከምዝወጸ ገሊጹ።[39] ሚኒስተር ጥዕና ሓማዳ ዑስማን ዓብዱልጀሊል ኣብ ደርና ጥራይ 6 ሽሕ ሰባት ደሃዮም ከምዝጠፍኡ ገሊጹ።[40] ከንቲባ ከተማ ደርና ዓብዱልመናም ኣልጋይቲ ንኣል ዓረብያ ኣብ ዝሃቦ ሓበሬታ፡ ኣብታ ከተማ ናይ መወዳእታ ቁጽሪ ሞት ካብ 18 ​​ሽሕ ክሳብ 20 ሽሕ ክኸውን ከምዝኽእል ሓቢሩ።[2] ካብተን ዓሰርተ ኣውራጃታት እታ ከተማ እተን ሰለስተ ጥራይ እየን ካብቲ ውሕጅ ዘምለጣ፣[41] ካብ ሸውዓተ ናብ ደርና ዝኣትዉ መንገድታት እቶም ሓሙሽተ ዘይብጻሕ ኮይኖም።[42] ኣብ ጎኒ ወዲ ደርና ዝነበሩ ድልድላት ምፍራሱ ነታ ከተማ ብውጽኢታዊ መንገዲ ኣብ ክልተ መቒልዋ።[43] ብውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ዝተገብረ ትንተና ከም ዘመልክቶ ኣብታ ከተማ ልዕሊ 2,200 ህንጻታት ብማይ ኣዕለቕሊቖም።[44] ኣብታ ከተማ ዝርከባ ሆስፒታላት፡ መቐበሊ ሬሳታት እናተመልአ እንከለዋ፡ ሬሳታት ኣብ ጽርግያታት[40]ን ኣብ ቀንዲ ኣደባባይ እታ ከተማን ክቕመጥ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ። ነቲ ልዕሊ ዓቐን ጽቕጥቕጥ ንምጽዋር ልዕሊ 300 ሬሳታት ናብ መዕቆቢ ሬሳታት ቶብሩክ ተላኢኾም።[45] ካብቶም ዝሞቱ ኣስታት 300 ብ11 መስከረም ተቐቢሮም፡ መብዛሕትኦም ኣብ ጃምላዊ መቓብር።[46] ብውሕጅ ናብ ባሕሪ ዝተጸረጉ ሬሳታት ንምምላስ ጋንታታት ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ተላኢኾም።[47] ቅድሚ እቲ ህቦብላ፡ ሰበስልጣን ብ10 መስከረም ናይ ጥንቃቐ ዕጽዋ ድሕሪ ምግባሮም፡ ነበርቲ ካብ ገዝኦም ከይወጹ ተኸልኪሎም ነይሮም።[39] ዕቤት ናይቲ ኣብ ደርና ዘጋጠመ ሓደጋ፡ ንዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ብስርዓት ሙዓመር ቀዛፊ ነቲ ዞባ ሸለልትነት ብምግባሩ፡[48] ስዒቡ ድማ እታ ከተማ ኣብ እዋን ኲናት ሓድሕድ ሊብያ ዓውደ ውግእ ምዃናን ኣብ 2010ታት ብተመሳሳሊ ምትእትታው ኔቶን ውጽኢቱ ዝኾነ ፖለቲካዊ ሳዕቤናትን ዝተኣሳሰረ እዩ። ንሱ ድማ ኣብ ምዕራብን ምብራቕን እታ ሃገር ብቕደም ተኸተል ተቐናቐንቲ መንግስታት ምምስራት ዘጠቓለለ እዩ።[49] እቶም ዝፈረሱ ዲጋታት፡ ብቕደም ተኸተል ደርናን መንሱርን ተባሂሎም ዝተጸውዑ ኮይኖም፡ ካብ 1973 ክሳብ 1977 ብዩጎዝላቭያዊ ኩባንያ ሂድሮቴህኒካ-ሂድሮኤነርጀቲካ ዝተሃንጹ ኮይኖም፡ ንመሬታት ሕርሻ መስኖ ንምሃብን ኣብ ቀረባ ንዝርከቡ ማሕበረሰባት ማይ ንምሃብን ዝተሃንጹ እዮም። ብቕደም ተኸተል 75 ሜትሮን 45 ሜትሮን ቁመት ዘለዎም ብጭቃ ዝተመልኡ ዲጋታት ተባሂሎም ተገሊጾም። ግድብ ደርና 18 ሚልዮን ሜትር ኪዩብ ማይ ክኽዘን እንከሎ፡ እቲ ዝነኣሰ ግድብ መንሱር ድማ 1.5 ሚልዮን ሜትሮ ኪዩብ ክሕዝ ዓቕሚ ነይርዎ።[48] ምክትል ከንቲባ ደርና እቶም ዲጋታት ካብ 2002 ጀሚሮም ጽገና ከምዘይተገብረሎምን ከምዚ ዝበለ መጠን ማይ ክጻወሩ ከምዘይኮኑን ገሊጹ።[50] እቲ ሕጽረት ጽገና ኣብ 2012ን 2013ን ንዕኡ ዝኸውን ልዕሊ 2 ሚልዮን ዩሮ ተመዲቡ እኳ እንተነበረ እዩ ኣጋጢሙ።[51] ኣብ ምትእኽኻብ ክልተ ጎላጉል ሩባታት ዝርከብ ግድብ ደርና[47] ምፍራሱ፡ ማያት 12 ኪሎ ሜተር (ሸውዓተ ማይልስ) ናብ ባሕሪ ገጹ ክጎዪን ነቲ ግድብ መንሱር ከም ዝዓብለሎን ይእመን፡ እዚ ግድብ’ዚ’ውን ብሰንኪ ዝዓቢ ማይ ጸቕጢ ይወርዶ ነይሩ። ደረጃታት ኣብ ዕቋሩ፣ ኣብ መንገዲ።[33] ወከልቲ ቀይሕ መስቀል ከምዝበልዎ ውድቀት እቶም ዲጋታት ሸውዓተ ሜትሮ ቁመት ዘለዎ ማዕበል ከምዘስዓበ ገሊጾም።[2] ኣብ ኣል ኣብራቕ ኣስታት 170 ሚሊሜተር (6.7 ኢንች) ዝናብ ወሪዱ። ናይ ዓይኒ መሰኻኽር ንሮይተርስ ከምዝሓበርዎ፡ ማይ ውሕጅ ክሳብ 3.0 ሜትሮ (10 ጫማ) ከምዝወሰኸ ሓቢሮም።[52] ኣብ ቶብሩክ፡ ታክኒስ፡ ኣል-ባያዳ፡ ባጽዕ[40]፡ ከምኡ’ውን መቺሊ[53] ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ መላእ ኣውራጃ ጀባል ኣል ኣኽዳር[46] ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ምዕራብ ኣብ ሚስራታ’ውን ውሕጅ ኣጋጢሙ። ሰለስተ ወለንተኛታት ቀይሕ ወርሒ ሊብያ ነቲ ውሕጅ ምላሽ ኣብ ዝህቡሉ ዝነበሩ እዋን ሞይቶም።[54] ኣብ ባይዳ፡ ብሰንኪ ዳንኤል ዘምጽኦ ርኡይ ውሕጅ፡ ሆስፒታላት ካብቲ ቦታ ተሰዲደን እየን።[37] 200 ሰባት ክሞቱ[55] ዓሰርተታት ድማ ደሃዮም ጠፊኡ።[56] ኣብታ ከተማ ኣስታት 414 ሚሊሜተር ዝናብ ዝዘነበ ኮይኑ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብቲ ማእከላይ ዓመታዊ ጠቕላላ ዝናብ 77% ዝመጣጠን እዩ።[39] ኣብ ሱሳ ሸውዓተ ሞት ከምዘጋጠመ፡ ኣብ ከተማታት ዑመር ኣል-ሞኽታርን ሻህሃትን ሸውዓተ፡ ኣብ ማርጅ ድማ ሓደ ሞት ከምዘጋጠመ ተገሊጹ።[57] ኣብ ኣልፋይድያ ሸሞንተ ሰባት ከም ዝሞቱ ተገሊጹ።[58] እቲ ሓደጋ ድሕሪ ምንቅጥቃጥ ምድሪ ማርጅ 1963 ኣብ ዞባ ሲረናይካ ​​ዘጋጠመ ሓደጋ እቲ ዝኸፍአ ኮይኑ ተራእዩ።[59] ክሳብ 14 መስከረም ብውሑዱ 11,300 ሰባት ክሞቱ እንከለዉ፡[1] ሰበስልጣን ሊብያ ድማ ካብ 10,000 ክሳብ 100,000 ዝኾኑ ካልኦት ከም ዝጠፍኡን፡[3] ሸውዓተ ኣባላት ሃገራዊ ሰራዊት ሊብያ ሓዊሱ ይዛረቡ።[60] ኣስታት 7,000 ሰባት ከምዝተጎድኡ[61] 40,000 ድማ ከምዝተመዛበሉ ይግለጽ።[62][40] ዓሰርተ ሆስፒታላትን ካልኦት 20 ትካላት ሕክምናን በቲ ህቦብላ ካብ ኣገልግሎት ክወጻ ተገዲደን እየን።[63] ውድብ ሜትሮሎጂ ዓለም፡ ኣብ ሊብያ ተግባራዊ ኣገልግሎት ኩነታት ኣየር እንተዝህሉ ነይሩ፡ ብሰንኪ ውሕጅ ዝመጽእ ክሳራታት ክከላኸል ከምዝኽእልን፡ ኣብቲ ጻዕሪ ንሰበስልጣን ከባቢ ንምሕጋዝ ዝገበሮ ፈተነታት፡ በቲ ዝነበረ ኩነታት ጸጥታ ከምዝተዓንቀፈን ገሊጹ።[64] ጭቡጥ ወተሃደራዊ ገዛኢ ምብራቓዊ ሊብያ ዝኾነ ካሊፋ ሃፍታር፡ ነቲ ዕንወት "ዓቢ"ን "ንኽትገልጾ ወይ ንምዕቃን ኣጸጋምን" ኢሉዎ።[65] ፌደሬሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሊብያ ኣብ ሊጋታቱ ዝሞቱ ኣርባዕተ ተጻወትቲ ማለት ኣብ ቤንጋዚ ዝመደበሩ ኣባል ፕሪምየር ሊግ ክለብ ኣል ታሃዲ ዝኾነ ሻሂን ኣልጀሚል ሞንደር ሳዳቃ ካብ ኣብ ደርና ዝመደበሩ ክለብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ዳርነስን ኣሕዋት ሳልሕን ኣዩብን ከምዝሞቱ ኣረጋጊጹ ኣባላት ጋንታ መንእሰያት ዳርነስ ዝነበሩ ሳሲ። ሓምሻይ ተጻዋታይ ኢብራሂም ኣልቃዚሪ ካብ ካልኣይ ዲቪዥን ክለብ ኑሱር ማርቱባ እውን ከምዝተቐትለ ብቢቢሲ ተሓቢሩ። ስታድዩም ዳርነስ እውን በቲ ውሕጅ ከቢድ ጉድኣት በጺሕዎ።[66] ኣብቲ ውሕጅ ብውሕዱ 400 ወጻእተኛታት ዜጋታት[67] ሞይቶም፣ ብውሑዱ 145 ዜጋታት ግብጻውያን[68] ካብዚኦም እቶም ሰብዓን ሓሙሽተን ካብ ቁሸት ኣል-ሸሪፍ ኣብ በኒ ሱፍ፣[69] 23 ፍልስጤማውያን፣[70] ከምኡ’ውን ካብ ሱዳን ዝመጹ ዓሰርተታት ስደተኛታት።[71] ብ9 መስከረም ሃገራዊ ኮርፖሬሽን ነዳዲ ንሰለስተ መዓልታት ራስ ላኑፍ፡ ዙይቲና፡ ብሬጋን ሲድራን ሓዊሱ ኣርባዕተ ወደባት ነዳዲ ከምዝዓጸወ ኣፍሊጡ።[72] ኣብ ራስ ላኑፍ፡ ብሬጋን ሲድራን ዝርከቡ መሳለጥያታት ብ12 መስከረም ክኽፈቱ እንከለዉ፡ ወደብ ዙይቲና ድማ ብ13 መስከረም ተኸፊቱ።[73] ግብጺ ዳንኤል ብ11 መስከረም ናብ ግብጺ በጺሑ፡ ኣብ ገለ ክፋል ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ዞባ እታ ሃገር ማእከላይ ዝናብ ኣጋጢምዎ።[74] ተረፍ መረፍ ዳኒኤል ኣብ ደልታን ካይሮን ኣብ ዝበጽሐሉ እዋን፡ ነበርቲ መላእ እታ ሃገር፡ ብ12 መስከረም ዘይተለምደ ጨና ከምዘጋጠሞም ሓቢሮም። ወኪል ማእከል ሚድያ በዓል መዚ ሜትሮሎጂ ግብጺ ማናር ጋነም፡ ኣብ መንጎ እቲ ተርእዮን ዳንኤልን ዝኾነ ምትእስሳር ከምዘሎ እኳ እንተነጸጎ፡ እቲ ህቦብላ ግን ሓመድ፡ ዝናብን ምልውዋጥ ኩነታት ኣየርን ከምዘስዓበ ኣመልኪቱ።[75] እስራኤል ተረፍ መረፍ ዳንኤል ብ13 መስከረም ናብ እስራኤል ብምብጻሕ፡ ዘይተለምደ ብርቱዕ ኣብ ከባቢኡ ዝናብ ኣስዒቡ። ቀሊል ናይ ንብረት ዕንወትን ብዝሒ ናይ ምጥሓል ጉድጓድን ተገሊጹ ግን መጉዳእቲ የለን።[76] ድሕሪኡ ዝመጽእ ሳዕቤናት ኣብ ትሪፖሊ ዝመደበሩ ፕረዚደንታዊ ቤት ምኽሪ ሊብያ ንከተማታት ደርና፡ ሻህሃትን ባይዳን ዞባ ሓደጋ ክእውጅ እንከሎ፡[77] ኣብ ትሪፖሊ ዝመደበሩ ሚኒስትሪ ጥዕና ድማ 14 ቶን መሳርሒታት ሕክምና፡ መድሃኒት፡ ቦርሳ ኣካላትን ሰራሕተኛታትን ዝጸዓነት ነፋሪት ናብ ቤንጋዚ ሰዲዱ 12 መስከረም።[78] ኣብ ቤንጋዚ ዝመደበሩ መብዛሕትኦም ዝተጎድኡ ከባቢታት ዝቆጻጸር ባይቶ ወከልቲ ህዝቢ፡ ከምኡ’ውን እቲ ብቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ዓብዱልሓሚድ ኣል-ድበይባ ዝምራሕ ኣብ ትሪፖሊ ዝመደበሩ ኣህጉራዊ ኣፍልጦ ዘለዎ መንግስቲ ሃገራዊ ሓድነት (GNU) ንሰለስተ መዓልታት ሃገራዊ ሓዘን ኣዊጁ።[79 ] . ድበይባህ ብዛዕባ እቲ ሰፊሕ ዕንወት መርመራ ክካየድ ቃል ኣትዩ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ንደርናን ቤንጋዚን ዳግማይ ንምህናጽ ዝሕግዝ 2.5 ቢልዮን ዲናር ሊብያ (515 ሚልዮን ዶላር) ምምዳብ።[80] ብተወሳኺ ንናይ ወጻኢ ሓገዝ ስሉጥ መስርሕ ገምጋም ከምዝተጣየሸ ብምግላጽ "ኣድላዪ ኮይኑ ዝተረድአ ሓገዝ ጥራይ ከምዝቕበሉ" ኣፍሊጡ።[81] ሕቡራት ሃገራት፡ እቶም ተቐናቐንቲ መንግስታት ብዛዕባ እቲ ጻዕርታት ረድኤት ኣብ ነንሕድሕዶም ክወሃሃዱ ከም ዝጸንሑ ኣስተብሂሉ።[82] ብ13 መስከረም፡ ልኡኽ ሚኒስተራት GNU ኣብ ደርና ዝበጽሐ ጉድኣት ንምግምጋም ካብ ትሪፖሊ ተበጊሱ። ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ እዋን፡ ብኻሊፋ ሃፍታር ዝእዘዝ ሃገራዊ ሰራዊት ሊብያ ጋዜጠኛታት ናብታ ከተማ ከይኣትዉን ቴለፎኖም ከም ዝምንዝዑን ጸብጻባት ተቐልቂሎም።[83] እተን ቀዳሞት ናይ ረድኤት ቆንስልታት ብ12 መስከረም ኣጋምሸት ናብ ደርና በጺሐን።[84] ብ14 መስከረም ወደብ ደርና ንሰብኣዊ ሓገዝ ዘብጽሓ 6.5 ሜትሮ ዝወሓደ ደረጃ ረቂቕ ዘለወን መራኽብ ዳግማይ ተኸፊቱ።[85] ቱኒዝያ፡ ጀርመን፡ ቀጠር፡ ኢራን፡ ማልታ፡ ቱርኪን ሕቡራት ኢማራት ዓረብን ንሊብያ ሰብኣዊ ሓገዝ ክህባ ቃል ክኣትዋ እንከለዋ፡[86][40][39][87] ፕረዚደንት ግብጺ ዓብደል ፋታሕ ኤል-ሲሲ ድማ ናይታ ሃገር... ወተሃደራዊ ምስ ሓይልታት ምብራቓዊ ሊብያ ብምውህሃድ ኣብ ስርሒታት ረድኤት ንምሕጋዝ።[78] ብተወሳኺ ነቶም ግዳያት ውሕጅ ከምኡ’ውን ነቶም ኣብ 2023 ኣብ ሞሮኮ ብ8 መስከረም ዘጋጠመ ምንቅጥቃጥ ምድሪ ሰለስተ መዓልታት ሃገራዊ ሓዘን ኣዊጁ።[88] ብሓላፊ ስታፍ ዕጡቓት ሓይልታት ኦሳማ ኣስካር ዝምራሕ ወተሃደራዊ ልኡኽ ብ12 መስከረም ናብ ምብራቓዊ ሊብያ ብምኻድ ምስ ካሊፋ ሃፍታር ተራኺቡ። እቲ ልኡኽ 25 ጉጅለታት ህይወት ኣድሕንን ሰለስተ ሰብኣዊ ቀረብ ዝጸዓና ወተሃደራዊ ነፈርትን ዝሓቖፈ እዩ።[89] ድሕሪ ሕቶ ፕረዚደንት ፕረዚደንታዊ ቤት ምኽሪ ሊብያ መሓመድ ኣል-መንፊ፡ ኣልጀርያ ሸሞንተ ነፈርቲ ኢልዩሺን ኢል-78 ዝጸዓና ሰብኣዊ ሓገዝ ዝጸዓና ቀረብ መግቢ፡ መሳርሒታት ሕክምና፡ ክዳውንትን ቴንዳታትን ዝሓቖፈ ሰዲዳ።[90][91] ብ12 መስከረም ኢጣልያ ክፍልታት ሲቪላዊ ሓለዋኣ ኣንቀሳቒሳቶ፡ ሚኒስተር ጉዳያት ወጻኢ ኣንቶንዮ ታጃኒ ድማ ሓደ ናይ ገምጋም ጉጅለ ኣብ መንገዲ ከምዘሎ ገሊጹ። ወሃቢት ቃል ሚኒስትሪ ጉዳያት ወጻኢ ፈረንሳ ኣን-ክለር ሌጀንድረ፡ መንግስቲ ሊብያ ንዝቐረበሉ ሕቶታት ምላሽ ክትህብ ድልውቲ ምዃና ኣፍሊጣ። ሓላፊ ፖሊሲ ጉዳያት ወጻኢ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ጆሴፕ ቦረል እቲ ትካል ደገፍ ንምምጻእ ኣብ ድሉው ኩነታት ከምዘሎ ክዛረብ እንከሎ፡ ፕረዚደንት እቲ ኮሚሽን ኡርሱላ ፎን ደር ሌየን ድማ ጽንዓት ከምዝተሰምዓ ገሊጻ።[86] ኣባል ሃገራት ጀርመን፣ ሮማንያን ፊንላንድን ብድሕሪኡ ሓገዝ ሰዲደን እየን።[92] ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም 40 ቶን ሓገዝ ዝሓዘ ጽዕነት ናብ ሊብያ ሰዲዱ።[93] ሕቡራት ሃገራት ንረድኤት ሓደጋ 10 ሚልዮን ዶላር መዲቡ።[92] ብ13 መስከረም፡ ሰበስልጣን ንከተማ ቶክራ፡ ንምዕራብ ደርና፡ ኣብቲ ከባቢ ዝርከብ ግድብ ናይ ምፍራስ ሓደጋ ከምዘሎ ምስ ኣጠንቀቑ፡ ካብቲ ቦታ ክወጹ ምኽሪ ተዋሂብዎም።[94] ሊብያዊት ክለብ ኣል-ኣህሊ ቤንጋዚ፡ ንኮንፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣፍሪቃ (ካፍ)፡ ነቲ ንዕለት 17 መስከረም ኣንጻር ኣይቮርያዊት ክለብ ኣሰክ ሚሞሳስ ክትገጥም ተመዲቡ ዝነበረ ጸወታ ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግ ኣፍሪቃ ከናውሖ ሓቲታ። ኣል-ሂላል ቤንጋዚ ብተወሳኺ፡ ነቲ ብውሕጅ ዝፈጠሮ "ዘይምቹእ" ኩነታት ብምጥቃስ፡ ን15 መስከረም ኣንጻር ሩዋንዳዊት ክለብ ራዮን ስፖርት ክገብሮ ተመዲቡ ዝነበረ ጸወታ ዋንጫ ኮንፈደረሽን ኣፍሪቃ ከሰጋግሮ ንካፍ ሓቲቱ።[66] ብሰንኪ እቲ ህቦብላ ካብ ሊብያ ዝነበረ ሰደድ ነዳዲ ምቁራጹ፡ ዋጋ ድሩቕ ነዳዲ ብሬንት ብ12 መስከረም ናብ 92.38 ዶላር ንሓደ በርሚል ክዓቢ ኣበርክቶ ገይሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ሕዳር 2022 ጀሚሩ ዝለዓለ ዋጋ እዩ።[95] bjjphfsk5n7wktqhunyu25raiahr4z8 100 6194 24640 24526 2023-12-06T00:18:41Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 wikitext text/x-wiki **ጂኦግራፊ:** *ጂኦግራፊ* ንኣካላዊ መልክዕ መሬት፡ ክሊማ፡ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ደቂ ሰባት፡ ከምኡ'ውን ኣብ መንጎ እዞም ባእታታት ዘሎ ምትእስሳር ዝምድናታት ዝምልከት መጽናዕቲ እዩ። ንኽልቲኡ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ከባቢን ደቂ ሰባት ምስ ኣብ ከባቢኦም ዘሎ ዓለም ዝራኸብሉን ዝቐርጹሉን ኣገባባትን ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ቁልፊ መዳያት ጂኦግራፊ እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም፤ **1. ኣካላዊ ጂኦግራፊ:** - ቅርጺ መሬት፡ ክሊማ፡ ስነ-ህይወትን ስነ-ምድራዊ መስርሕን ሓዊሱ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ባህርያት መሬት ይምርምር። **2. ጂኦግራፊ ሰብ:** - ኣብ ንጥፈታት ደቂ ሰባት ዘተኮረ ኮይኑ፡ ዝርገሐ ህዝቢ፡ ስደት፡ ባህላዊ መልክዕ መሬት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ጽልዋ ሕብረተሰባት ደቂ ሰባት ኣብ ከባቢ። **3. ጂኦስፓስያል ቴክኖሎጂታት:** - ከም ጂኦግራፊክ ኢንፎርሜሽን ሲስተምስ (GIS)ን ሪሞት ሴንሲንግን ዝኣመሰሉ መሳርሒታት ተጠቒሙ ቦታዊ መረዳእታ ንምትንታንን ኣብ ካርታ ንምስፋርን ኣብ ክልቲኡ ፊዚካውን ሰብኣውን ጂኦግራፊ ኣበርክቶ ይገብር። **4. ካርቶግራፊ:** - ስነ-ጥበብን ሳይንስን ምድላው ካርታ፡ ንጂኦግራፍያዊ ሓበሬታ ንምስኣልን ንምውካልን ዘኽእል። **5. ጂኦግራፊ ከባቢ፡** - ኣብ መንጎ ደቂ ሰባትን ከባቢኦምን ዘሎ ምትእስሳር ይድህስስ፣ እዚ ድማ ከም ለውጢ ክሊማ፣ ምሕደራ ሃፍቲ ተፈጥሮ፣ ከምኡ እውን ዘላቕነት ዝኣመሰሉ ጉዳያት ይርከብዎም። **6. ዞባዊ ጂኦግራፊ፡** - ፍሉያት ዞባታት ዓለም ይምርምር፣ ነቲ ዝገልጾም ፍሉያት ኣካላውን ባህላውን ባህርያት ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው። **7. ጂኦፖለቲካ:** - መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ጽልዋ ጂኦግራፊ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ጉዳያት ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው፡ ኣብ መንጎ ዝተፈላለያ ሃገራትን ዞባታትን ዘሎ ፖለቲካዊ ዝምድናን ምትእስሳርን የጽንዕ። **8. ጂኦግራፊ ከተማ:** - ምስ ከተማነት፣ ትሕተ ቅርፂን ማሕበራዊ ውደባን ዝተኣሳሰሩ ጉዳያት ሓዊሱ ኣቃውማ፣ ምዕባለን ዳይናሚክስን ከተማታት ይምርምር። **9. ባህላዊ ጂኦግራፊ:** - ባህልታት ብከባቢኦም፡ እንተላይ ብቋንቋ፡ ሃይማኖትን ልምድታትን ብኸመይ ከም ዝቐርጹን ከም ዝቕረጹን ይድህስስ። **10. ኣካላውን ሰብኣውን ምትእስሳር፡** - ጂኦግራፊ ኣብ መንጎ ኣካላውን ሰብኣውን ስርዓታት ዘሎ ምትእስሳር ዘጉልሕ ኮይኑ፡ ተፈጥሮኣዊ መስርሓት ንንጥፈታት ደቂ ሰባት ዝጸልዉሉ መገድታትን ብኣንጻሩን ኣፍልጦ ይህብ። **11. ቦታዊ ትንተና፡** - ምምርማር ቦታዊ ቅዲታትን ዝምድናታትን ዘጠቓልል ኮይኑ፡ ዝርገሐ ተርእዮታት ኣብ መላእ ገጽ መሬት ንምርዳእ ይሕግዝ። **12. ትምህርቲ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ሓበሬታ:** - ጂኦግራፍያዊ ሓበሬታ ናይ ምትርጓምን ብነቐፌታዊ ምትንታንን ክእለት የዕቢ፣ ኣብ ዓለማውን ከባብያውን ጉዳያት ሰፊሕ ርድኢት የስፋሕፍሕ። ጂኦግራፊ ንዓለም ኩለንተናዊ ኣረኣእያ ዝህብ ኮይኑ፡ ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓውድታት ዝመጽእ ፍልጠት ብምውህሃድ ንዝተሓላለኸ ፕላኔትና ንምርዳእ ይሕግዝ። ከም ዘላቕነት ከባቢ፣ ከተማነትን ዓለማዊ ምትእስሳርን ዝኣመሰሉ እዋናዊ ብድሆታት ኣብ ምፍታሕ ወሳኒ ተራ ኣለዎ። ak2fyfbaiiyugumf1t3uevmxq2d16dn 0 6197 24670 24669 2024-01-10T16:01:18Z Maximillion Pegasus 1380 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/177.249.160.160|177.249.160.160]] ([[User talk:177.249.160.160|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:208.98.223.97|208.98.223.97]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''ግሬስ ዪን ዋን''' (የተወለደው ኦክቶበር 5፣ 1982) የካናዳ ተዋናይ፣ ፕሮዲዩሰር፣ ዳይሬክተር፣ ሙዚቀኛ፣ ፊልም ሰሪ፣ ዘፋኝ እና የስክሪፕት ጸሐፊ ​​ነው። በበርካታ የሙዚቃ ቪዲዮዎች እና ፊልሞች ውስጥ በተለያዩ ሚናዎች ተለይታለች ።[1][2][3] የሙዚቃ ችሎታዋ ፒያኖ፣ ጊታር፣ ባስ እና ከበሮ መጫወትን ያካትታል። == የመጀመሪያ ህይወት እና ትምህርት == ዋን የተወለደው በኤሚ እና ፓክ ቼንግ ዋን በኤድመንተን አልበርታ ሲሆን ሁለት ታናናሽ ወንድሞች አሉት።[1][3] በአምስት ዓመቷ የባሌ ዳንስ ትምህርት ወሰደች እና በሰባት ዓመቷ ከቤተሰቧ ጋር ወደ Port Coquitlam፣ BC ሄደች። ከ 1ኛ እስከ 6ኛ ክፍል ሴንትራል አንደኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት ገብታ ብራኒ እና ሴት አስጎብኚዎች ቡድንን ተቀላቅላለች። ዋን ገና በልጅነቱ ስኬቲንግን፣ መዘመርን፣ ጊታርን እና ፒያኖን ተምሯል። ከ1994-1996 በሲታዴል መለስተኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት ገብታ ከ1996-2000 ወደ ሪቨርሳይድ 2ኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት ገባች ፣ እዚያም ብዙ ጊዜ የፒያኖ እና የዘፈን ችሎታዋን በተሰጥኦ  ትርኢት አሳይታለች ። ለትምህርት ቤቱ በፈቃደኝነት . ለደረጃ 5 እና 6 ፒያኖ ሁለት የምስክር ወረቀቶችን ከሮያል ኮንሰርቫቶሪ ኦፍ ሙዚቃ ተቀብላለች። ዋን በቲኦ ቢሲ ትምህርት ቤት የኮምፒዩተር ኦፊስ ሲስተምን ተከታትሏል፣ በ2003 በኮምፒዩተር ኮርስ ተመረቀ እና እጅግ በጣም ታታሪ ተማሪ ተሸልሟል ።[1] በዌስትኮስት ተዋናዮች ስቱዲዮ፣ Moonstone ቲያትር፣ ቫንኮቨር የድራማቲክ አርትስ አካዳሚ እና ግራንቪል ተዋናዮች ስቱዲዮ የትወና ትምህርቶችን ወስዳለች፣ ከዌስትኮስት ተዋናዮች ስቱዲዮ የምስክር ወረቀት ተቀብላለች። በፓስፊክ ኦዲዮ ቪዥዋል ተቋም የፊልም እና ዲጂታል አርትስ ፕሮግራምን ተከታትላለች።[1][3] == ሙያ == ዋን በMainstream Company ውስጥ የቢሮ ረዳት ሆኖ መሥራት ጀመረ። በአሁኑ ጊዜ በPOCO ቢሮ ህንፃ ውስጥ ትሰራለች። ዋን ለደም ሥራ ፕሮዳክሽን ገለልተኛ ፊልም ፕሮዳክሽን ረዳት ሆኖ ሰርቷል። ''እ.ኤ.አ. በ 2006 በካናዳ አይዶል ወቅት 4 በቫንኩቨር ታየች ፣ ከሁሉም የላቀ ፍቅር'' እና ''ገነትህ ውስጥ'' ዘፈነች ።[1][2]   የዋን የመጀመሪያ ፊልም አጭር የፍቅር ኮሜዲ  ''ሻምፑዝሌድ ነበር፣''  እሷም የእስያ የቤት ባለቤት ሆና ተጫውታለች። ለገንዘብ ማሰባሰቢያ ፊልም ''ግራፊቲ አበቦች'' ተጨማሪ ሆናለች ።[1] የትወና ስራዋ የጀመረው በጄሚ ፉ ደጋፊነት ሚና የጀመረው ''የቤተሰብ ቁምነገር'' በተባለ አጭር ድራማ ፊልም ላይ ሲሆን ይህም የቻይንኛ አዲስ አመትን ሲያከብር አንድ ሀብታም ቤተሰብ ታሪክ ይነግረናል. የቅርብ ጊዜውን ኪሳራ ለማሸነፍ ጠንክረው ይሰራሉ። ''የበቀል ድርጊት'' በተሰኘው ፊልም ላይ  ዋን ፈጣን ተናጋሪ ከሆነው ጠበቃ አንቶኒዮ ባንዴራስ ጋር በመሆን ደንበኛ በመሆን ተጫውቷል።[5] ዋን በሰብአዊ ስራዋ እና ማህበረሰቧን በመደገፍ ትታወቃለች ። == የግል ሕይወት == ዋን በቫንኮቨር፣ ዓ.ዓ. ይኖራል[4] 44r1cty128ktxh3abfx4a1tnkui494t 0 6198 24611 24606 2023-11-28T11:05:32Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር}} '''ማይክል ኣንቶኒ ፔረዝ''' (Michael Anthony Perez) [[ኣመሪካ|ኣሜሪካዊ]] [[ተዋሳኣይ]] ተለቪዥን እዩ። ኣብ [[ሎስ ኣንጀለስ]] እዩ ተወሊዱ። እዚ ተዋሳኣይ ብፊልም ''«Mayans M.C.»'' ዝፍለጥ እዩ። [[መደብ:ስነ ጥበብ]] gai49jmiy9b6053z6plvis9ts5eqbz7 0 6199 24610 24604 2023-11-28T11:05:24Z Teseney90 9362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{መዋቕር}}'''ማቲው ስቲቨን ሹልዘ''' (Matthew Steven «Matt» Schulze) [[ኣመሪካ|ኣሜሪካዊ]] [[ተዋሳኣይ]] ፊልም እዩ። ኣብ [[ሚዙሪ]] እዩ ተወሊዱ። እዚ ተዋሳኣይ ብፊልም ''«The Fast And The Furious»'' ዝፍለጥ እዩ። [[መደብ:ስነ ጥበብ]] 45vqzii6nr8p2xk4lgrfgvvqrlrtt8n 0 6200 24539 2023-10-13T20:01:34Z 5.95.11.223 ገጽ ምስ «ጃኮፖ ኣድሪያኖ ሆስቺዩክ (12 ጥቅምቲ 2005) ሮማንያዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ውድድር ሞተር ሳይክል እዩ። == ሃገራዊ ተጻዋታይ ጣልያን|ጣልያን == ኣብ 8 ዓመት ዕድሚኡ፡ ኣብ 2014፡ ጃኮፖ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ ሃገራዊ ሻምፕዮን፡ ኣብ ኢጣልያ፡ ምስ ጋንታ ፋንቶም ተሳቲፉ፡ ኣብዚ ዓመተ ስፖርት ብሓፈሻ ኣብ መበል...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ጃኮፖ ኣድሪያኖ ሆስቺዩክ (12 ጥቅምቲ 2005) ሮማንያዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ውድድር ሞተር ሳይክል እዩ። == ሃገራዊ ተጻዋታይ ጣልያን|ጣልያን == ኣብ 8 ዓመት ዕድሚኡ፡ ኣብ 2014፡ ጃኮፖ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ ሃገራዊ ሻምፕዮን፡ ኣብ ኢጣልያ፡ ምስ ጋንታ ፋንቶም ተሳቲፉ፡ ኣብዚ ዓመተ ስፖርት ብሓፈሻ ኣብ መበል 8ይ ደረጃ ዛዚሙ። ኣብ 2015 እዚ ሮማንያዊ ፓይለት ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ውድድር ተሳቲፉ፡ ኣብ ምድብ ላዕለዎት ግን፡ ጃኮፖ (ፋንቶም) ዝተሳተፈላ ጋንታ፡ ብቴክኒካዊ ምኽንያት ነቲ ናይ ውድድር ዓመተ ስፖርት ገዲፋቶ። ኣብ 2016 ክልተ ውድድራት ኣብ ሓደ ግዜ (ሮማንያውን ኢጣልያውን) ብምፍጻም፡ እዚ መንእሰይ መራሒ መኪና ኣብ ሻምፕዮን ፕሪሚኒጂፒ ኢጣልያ ተሳቲፉ፡ ኣብዚ ዓመተ ስፖርት ብ3ይ ደረጃ ዛዚሙ። ኣብ 2017 ጃኮፖ ናብ ሻምፕዮን ሚኒጂፒ ደይቡ፡ ኣብዚ ዓመተ ስፖርት ኣብ 8ይ ደረጃ ዛዚሙ።ዓቢ ስጉምቲ ብምውሳድ፡ ኣብ መበል 12 ዓመት ዕድሚኡ፡ ኣብ 2018፡ እዚ ሮማንያዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ናብ 125cc ሞተር ሳይክል ቀይሩ፡ ክልተ ግዜ፡ ምስ ሃገራዊት ኢጣልያ ተወዳዲሩ ሻምፕዮን (CIV) ኣብ ፕሪሞቶ3 ክላስ ምስ ፍላሽ ሞተርስ (ሆንዳ)፡ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ብምሓዝ፡ ንብዙሓት ኣዝዩ ዘሐጎሰ፡ እዚ ዓመት እዚ ​​ኣብ ከምዚ ዓይነት ጸወታ ናይ መጀመርታ ዓመት ምዃኑ። ብሽክለታ። ኣብ 2019 ኣብ 13 ዓመት ዕድሚኡ ካብዚ ዝዓቢ ስጉምቲ ብምውሳድ ናብ 250cc 4 ስትሮክ ብሽክለታ ብምቕያር ኣብ ኢጣልያ ምስ ጋንታ ኣካዳሚጂፒ ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ሻምፕዮን ተሳቲፉ ነዚ ዓመተ ስፖርት ኣብ 5ይ ደረጃ ዛዚሙ። == ሃገራዊ ሻምፕዮን ሮማንያ == ሻምፕዮን ኢጣልያን ሻምፕዮን ሮማንያን ሓደ ዓይነት ብምግባር፡ ዓመት 2016 ንፈለማ እዋን ህላወ ጃኮፖ ሆስቺዩክ ኣብ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ሮማንያ ትውክል፡ ኣብ ምድብ 50cc፡ ኣብኡ ድማ 8 ውድድራት ተዓዊቱ፡ ነዚ ዋንጫ ሒዙ። ጉጅለ. ኣብ 2017 ጃኮፖ ኣብ ምድብ 85cc ተሳቲፉ፡ ካብ ዝተሳተፈሎም 6 ውድድራት ኣብ 6 ተዓዊቱ፡ ዳግማይ ዋንጫ ሃገራዊ ሻምፕዮን ኮይኑ። == ዋንጫ ሰሜናዊ ክእለት == ኣብ 2020 ጃኮፖ ኣብቲ ብዶርና (ወናኒ መሰል MotoGPን WSBKን) ዝተዳለወ ዋንጫ ሰሜናዊ ክእለት ክሳተፍ ተመሪጹ፡ ኣብኡ ድማ ብ250cc KTM (4-stroke)፡ ምስ ጋንትኡ፡ 100% ሮማንያዊት፡ HOS ተሳቲፉ ጋንታ ውድድር፡ ዓመተ ስፖርት ኣብ ሓሙሻይ ደረጃ ዛዚማቶ። ኣብ 2021 ዋንጫ ሰሜናዊ ክእለት ዳግማይ ንጃኮፖ ሆስቺዩክ መሪጹ 6ይ ደረጃ ብምሓዝ 4 ግዜ ኣብ ፖድዮም ውድድሩ ዛዚሙ፡ ኣብ ኣሰን ሆላንድ ኣዝዩ ጽቡቕ ዓወት ሓዊሱ። ኣብተን ኣብ ዋንጫ ተውህቦ ኖርዲክ ዘሕለፈን ክልተ ዓመታት ጃኮፖ ሆስቺዩክ ሓደ ካብ ተወዳደርቲ ናይቲ ውድድር ኮይኑ፡ ስታቲስቲክስ ዝቐንእ እዩ ነይሩ፡ ኣብ 22 ውድድራት ተዓዊቱ፡ እቲ ዓወት ነፍሲ ወከፎም 7 ፖድዮም ሒዞም። == ተጻዋታይ ሻምፕዮን ኣክስዮን ኤውሮጳ == ኣብ ሕዳር 2021 ጃኮፖ ሆስቺዩክ ኣብ ውድድር ቫለንሽያዊ "ሪካርዶ ቶርሞ" ኣብ ሻምፕዮን ኣክስዮን ኤውሮጳ ተሳቲፉ፡ ኣብቲ እዋን ኣካል ሻምፕዮን ኤውሮጳ ሞቶ2 ዝነበረ ኮይኑ፡ ሕማቕ ኣጋጣሚ ኮይኑ ግን ውድዱ ድሕሪ ሓደ ዙርያ ተዛዚሙ፡ ቴክኒካዊ ጸገማት ስለ ዘጋጠሞ ክገብሮ ግድን ኮይኑ ጡረታ ይወጹ። . ኣብ ዓመተ ስፖርት 2022 ጃኮፖ ምስ ስጳኛዊት ጋንታ ፒናሞቶ ድሕሪ ምሉእ ዓመተ ስፖርት ኣብ ክላስ ስቶክ ብሓፈሻ መበል 9ይ ደረጃ ሒዙ። ኣብ ቀዳማይ ዙርያ ዓመተ ስፖርት 2023፡ ኣብ ኤስቶሪል (ፖርቱጋል) ዝተወዳደረ፡ ሆስቺዩክ ማህረምቲ ስለዘጋጠሞ፡ ሕቖኡ ተሰይሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ውድድራት ከምዘይሳተፍ ገይርዎ።ኣብተን ቀዳሞት ክልተ ዓመታት። እንተኾነ እዚ ሮማናዊ ፓይለት ክልተ ውድድራት ድሕሪ ምሕላፉ ተመሊሱ ኣብ ዝቐጸለ ሰለስተ ዙርያታት ማለት ጀረዝ (ስጳኛ)፡ ፖርቲማኦ (ፖርቱጋል) ከምኡ’ውን ባርሴሎና (ስጳኛ) ተሳቲፉ። == ሻምፕዮን ኤውሮጳ ሞቶ2 == ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ጃኮፖ ሆስቺዩክ ምስ ኢጣልያዊት ጋንታ ኤምኤምኣር ኣብ ሻምፕዮን ኤውሮጳ ሞቶ2 ይወዳደር ኣሎ፡ ኣብ ምድብ ካሌክስ ሞቶ2 ዝወዳደር ናይ መጀመርታ ሮማንያዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ኮይኑ ኣሎ። iag8x7bugbkqqyxzhe9ir22u638aqie 0 6201 24545 24544 2023-10-16T21:10:33Z AXel554 9425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''1. ናይ ብሕቲ ጂምናዝየም ኣብ ብራቲስላቫ''' [[ናይ ሸሞንተ ዓመት ካልኣይ ደረጃ ቤት ትምህርቲ|ሸሞንተ ዓመት]] ናይ ብሕቲ [[ካልኣይ ደረጃ]] ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ [[ብራቲስላቫ|ብራቲስላቫ]] ኣውራጃ [[ብራቲስላቫ – ሩዚኖቭ ኣውራጃ] ይርከብ። ] ። == ታሪኽ == እቲ ጂምናዝየም ኣብ ወርሒ ሓምለ [[1991]] ብኢንግ. ፍራንቲሸክ ቶት († 2006)፡ ኣር.ኤን.ዲ. ማርያ ስምረኮቫ፡ ኣር.ኤን.ዲ. ዳና ጃንቺኖቫን ኣና ሲፍሮቫን ዝበሃላ ምዃነን ይፍለጥ። ቀዳማይ ክፍሊ ጀሚሩ [[2. መስከረም|2. መስከረም]] [[1991]] ኣብ [[ጎደና ቸፕኮቫ|ጎደና ቸፕኮቫ]]። ኣብ [[2002]]፡ እቲ ቤት ትምህርቲ ናብ ዘመናዊ ዝተሓደሰ ህንጻ ኣብ [[Bajkalská ulica (Bratislava)|Bajkalská ulica]].<ref>{{Citation Harvard | Title = ታሪኽ ቤት ትምህርቲ | URL = http://www.1sg.sk/index.php?id=5800 | ቦታ = ብራቲስላቫ | ኣሕታሚ = 1. ናይ ብሕቲ ጂምናዝየም | ዕለት ምብጻሕ = 2014-08-23 | ዓመት = c2014}}</ref> == ዳይረክተራት ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ == ቀዳማይ ዳይረክተር ኢንግ. ፍራንቲሸክ ቶት። ካብ 2002 ክሳብ 2006 ዳይረክተር RNDr. ዳና ጃንቺኖቫ። ካብ 2006 ክሳብ 2018 ዳይረክተር RNDr. ማርያ ስምረኮቫ። ካብ መስከረም 1, 2018 ክሳብ ሕጂ ዳይረክተር እቲ ቤት ትምህርቲ RNDr. ዳና ጃንቺኖቫ.<ref>{{ጥቕሲ ሃርቫርድ | Title = ምሕደራ ቤት ትምህርቲ | URL = http://www.1sg.sk/index.php?id=3100 | ቦታ = ብራቲስላቫ | ኣሕታሚ = 1. ናይ ብሕቲ ጂምናዝየም | ዕለት ምብጻሕ = 2014-08-23 | ዓመት = c2014}}</ref> == መወከሲታት == {{መወከሲታት}} == ናይ ደገ መላግቦታት == * [https://1sg.sk/ ወግዓዊ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ናይቲ ቤት ትምህርቲ] {{ኮርዲኔት|48.157399|17.1435|ዓይነት:ምልክት መሬት|ቅርጺ=dms|ምርኣይ=ኣርእስቲ}} [[ምድብ:ኣብ ብራቲስላቫ ዝርከባ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ]] [[ምድብ:ሩዚኖቭ]] tvrkglj9sc8yx4ejea18019r1ml3vcc 10 6202 24543 2023-10-16T21:09:12Z AXel554 9425 ገጽ ምስ «{{Infobox ካልኣይ ደረጃ ቤት ትምህርቲ | ስም = 1ይ ናይ ብሕቲ ጂምናዝየም ኣብ ብራቲስላቫ | ምስሊ = 1SG ባጅካልስካ 20፡ ብራቲስላቫ.jpg | መግለጺ = | ትኹረት = [[ናይ ሸሞንተ ዓመት ጂምናዝየም|ናይ ሸሞንተ ዓመት መጽናዕቲ]] | ዳይረክተር = RNDr. ዳና ጃንቺኖቫ<ref>{{ጥቕሲ ሃርቫርድ | Title = ምሕደራ ቤት ትምህርቲ |...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ካልኣይ ደረጃ ቤት ትምህርቲ | ስም = 1ይ ናይ ብሕቲ ጂምናዝየም ኣብ ብራቲስላቫ | ምስሊ = 1SG ባጅካልስካ 20፡ ብራቲስላቫ.jpg | መግለጺ = | ትኹረት = [[ናይ ሸሞንተ ዓመት ጂምናዝየም|ናይ ሸሞንተ ዓመት መጽናዕቲ]] | ዳይረክተር = RNDr. ዳና ጃንቺኖቫ<ref>{{ጥቕሲ ሃርቫርድ | Title = ምሕደራ ቤት ትምህርቲ | URL = http://www.1sg.sk/index.php?id=3100 | ቦታ = ብራቲስላቫ | ኣሕታሚ = 1. ናይ ብሕቲ ጂምናዝየም | ዕለት ምብጻሕ = 2014-08-23 | ዓመት = c2014}}</ref> | ምክትል ዳይረክተር = RNDr. ማርያ ስምረኮቫ <br> ኣና ሲፍሮቫ <br> መግ. ኢቫ ጃሄልኮቫ <br> ፓድዶክተር. ባርቦራ ኡልሪቾቫ | ዝተመስረተሉ ዓመት = [[1991]] | ህሉው መስራቲ = | ብዝሒ መምህራን =62<ref>{{ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ ሰነድ ምጥቃስ | መወዳእታ ስም = | ስም = | ደራሲ = | ናብ ደራሲ ዝወስድ መላግቦ = | title = ናይ መወዳእታ ጸብጻብ ን 1SG, šk. ዓመት 2020/2021 | url = https://ስቱድዮተም-ስእልታት.s3.eu-ማእከላይ-1.ኣማዞናውስ.ኮም/1sg/2022/05/2020-2021-1sg-zaverecna-sprava.pdf | publisher = 1ይ ናይ ብሕቲ ጂምናዝየም ኣብ ብራቲስላቫ| ዕለት ምውጻእ = | ዕለት ምዕባለ = | ዕለት ምብጻሕ = 2022-09-01 | ቦታ = | ቋንቋ = }}</መወከሲ> | ብዝሒ ጎይቶት = | ብዝሒ ተምሃሮ = 557 ''(ክሳብ 1/9/2022)''<ref>{{Citation ሃርቫርድ | ኣርእስቲ = ጂምናዝየማት (ዞባ ብራቲስላቫ) ካብ 15 መስከረም 2013 | URL = http://www.uips.sk/sub/uips.sk/ስእልታት/JC/PREHLAD/SS/gym_k1.xls | ቦታ = ብራቲስላቫ | Publisher = ኢንስቲትዩት ትምህርቲ ሓበሬታን ትንበያታትን ሪፓብሊክ ስሎቫክያ | ዓመት = 2013 ዓ.ም | ዕለት ምብጻሕ = 2014-08-23}}</ref> | ብዝሒ ክፍልታት = 22 | ሕብርታት ቤት ትምህርቲ = {{ሕብርታት ሳንዱቕ|ቀጠልያ ባሕሪ}} ቀጠልያ <br> {{ሕብርታት ሳንዱቕ|ጻዕዳ}} ጻዕዳ | መዝሙር ቤት ትምህርቲ = | ማስኮት = ቀጠልያ ዶልፊን። | መጽሔት ቤት ትምህርቲ =Zverinec, Anthill | ኣድራሻ = [[ባጅካልስካ ዩሊካ (ብራቲስላቫ)|ባጅካልስካ]] 20, 821 08 [[ብራቲስላቫ]]። | ስልኪ = 02 / 5020 46 11 | ፋክስ = 02 / 5020 46 13 | መርበብ ሓበሬታ = {{URL|https://1sg.sk/}} | ኢ-መይል = info<small>(ኣብ)</small>1sg.sk }} gywx00z3syixynx34hyf085oxwl9k5r 100 6203 24637 24564 2023-12-06T00:05:42Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 wikitext text/x-wiki **ቴክኖሎጂ:** *ቴክኖሎጂ* ግብራዊ ጸገማት ንምፍታሕ፡ ብቕዓት ንምምሕያሽ፡ ድሌታት ደቂ ሰባት ንምምላእ ሳይንሳዊ ፍልጠት፡ መሳርሕታትን ሜላታትን ምትግባር ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ውልቀሰባት ኣብ ዘመናዊ ዓለም ንዝነብሩሉን ዝሰርሑሉን ዝራኸብሉን ኣገባብ ብዓቢኡ ዝቐረጸ ዳይናሚክን ኩሉ ግዜ ዝምዕብልን ዓውዲ እዩ። **ቁልፊ መዳያት ቴክኖሎጂ:** 1. **ምህዞ፡** ቴክኖሎጂ ብቐጻሊ ምህዞ ዝልለ ኮይኑ፡ ተመራመርትን መሃንድሳትን ሓደስቲ መፍትሒታትን ምዕባለታትን ንምምዕባል ይሰርሑ። እዚ ምህዞ እዚ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓውድታት ዝሽፍን ኮይኑ፡ ቴክኖሎጂ ሓበሬታ፡ ክንክን ጥዕና፡ ጸዓት፡ መጓዓዝያን ካልእን ዝሓቖፈ እዩ። 2. **ቴክኖሎጂ ሓበሬታ (IT):** IT ኣብ ቴክኖሎጂካዊ መልክዕ ማእከላይ ተራ ዝጻወት ኮይኑ፡ ሓበሬታ ንምስራሕ፡ ንምትሕልላፍን ንምኽዛንን ኮምፒተር፡ ሶፍትዌር፡ ኔትወርክን ዳታን ምጥቃም ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ቴክኖሎጂታት ኢንተርነትን ዲጂታላዊ ርክብን ኣብ ዓለማዊ ምትእስሳር ሰውራ ኣምጺኦም እዮም። 3. **ኣውቶማቲክ:** ምዕባለ ቴክኖሎጂ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኢንዱስትሪታት ኣውቶማቲክ ክውስኽ ገይሩ እዩ። ሮቦቲክስን ኣርቲፊሻል ኢንተለጀንስን (AI)፡ ብባህሊ ብደቂ ሰባት ዝፍጸሙ ዕማማት ክፍጽሙ ዝኽእሉ ርእሰ-ምሕደራ ዘለዎም ስርዓታት ንምምዕባል ይድርኹ ኣለዉ። 4. **ባዮቴክኖሎጂ፡** ምትእስሳር ስነ ህይወትን ቴክኖሎጅን ባዮቴክኖሎጂ ምህዞታት ፈጢሩ፡ ኣብ ከም ሕክምና፡ ሕርሻ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሳይንስ ከባቢ ዝኣመሰሉ ዓውድታት ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩ። ንኣብነት ጀነቲካዊ ምህንድስና ኣብ ክንክን ጥዕናን ምምሕያሽ ኣእካልን ለውጢ ዘምጽእ ጽልዋ ኣለዎ። 5. **ሓምለዋይ ቴክኖሎጂ:** ዘላቒን ንከባቢ ዝምችእን ፍታሕ ምድላይ ኣብ ቴክኖሎጂ እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ትኹረት እዩ። ሓምለዋይ ቴክኖሎጂ፡ ንከባብያዊ ብድሆታት ንምፍታሕ፡ ውሕስነት ጸዓት ንምድንፋዕን፡ ንጥፈታት ደቂ ሰባት ስነ-ህይወታዊ ኣሰር ንምንካይን ዝዓለመ እዩ። 6. **ቴክኖሎጂ ርክብ:** ምዕባለ ቴክኖሎጂ ርክብ ሰባት ብዓለም ደረጃ ከመይ ከም ዝራኸቡ ቀይሩ እዩ። ካብ ስማርትፎናት ክሳብ ማሕበራዊ ሚድያ መድረኻት እዞም መሳርሒታት ቅጽበታዊ ርክብን ምክፋል ሓበሬታን ኣመቻቺዮም እዮም። 7. **ሳይበር ሴኩሪቲ:** ቴክኖሎጂ እናሰጎመ ምስ ከደ ኣድላይነት ድልዱል ስጉምትታት ሳይበር ሴኩሪቲ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ይኸውን። ዲጂታላዊ ስርዓታትን መርበባትን ካብ ሳይበር ስግኣታት ምክልኻል ኣብ ቴክኖሎጂካዊ መልክዕ ቀጻሊ ብድሆ እዩ። 8. **ስነ-ምግባራዊ ርእይቶታት፡** ስነ-ምግባራዊ ጽልዋታት ቴክኖሎጂ፡ እንተላይ ስክፍታታት ብሕታዊነት፡ ኣልጎሪዝማዊ ወገናውነት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሓላፍነታዊ ኣጠቓቕማ AI፡ ኣገደስቲ ኣብ ግምት ዝኣትዉ ኮይኖም ኣለዉ። ኣብ ዙርያ ሓላፍነታዊ ምዕባለን ምዝርጋሕን ቴክኖሎጂ ዝግበር ዘተታት ስነ-ምግባራዊ ደረጃታትን መምርሕታትን ይቐርጽ ኣሎ። ቴክኖሎጂ፡ ብዝተፈላለየ መልክዑ፡ ንሕብረተሰባት፡ ቁጠባን ውልቃዊ ተመኩሮታትን ምቕራጽ ይቕጽል ኣሎ። ቀጻሊ ምውህሃድ ቴክኖሎጂካዊ መፍትሒታት ኣብ መዓልታዊ ህይወት፡ ኣብ ኣነባብራናን ንመጻኢ ዘለና ተኽእሎታትን ዘለዎ ዓሚቝ ጽልዋ ዘጉልሕ እዩ። svlktu5t0nrd4cxo5vdyuqxvw6tmixx 0 6204 24554 24553 2023-10-22T15:12:05Z MyGreenPlanet 9437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Shrikant Rana.jpg|thumb|'''ሽሪካንት ራና (Shrikant Rana)''']] '''ሽሪካንት ራና''' (ተወሊዱ፡ 30 ነሓሰ 1994) ህንዳዊ ጸሓፍን መምህርን ኮይኑ፡ ብግጥሚ ሜሪ ታማና ዝፍለጥ እዩ። == ህይወትን ትምህርትን == ብ30 ነሓሰ 1994 ኣብ ሳሃራንፑር ኡታር ፕራደሽ ተወሊዱ። ካብ ቻውዳሪ ቻራን ሲንግ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ሜሩት ብኮምፒተር ሳይንስ ድሕሪ ምረቓ ድማ ካብ ማ ሻኩምባሪ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ብቢዝነስ ድሕሪ ምረቓ ዛዚሙ። == ፍጥረታት == * ዞባ ትምህርቲ * ትምኒተይ * ራኒ ዱርግዋቲ 09za0xtq32oaicagt8jj0uqje71mgpo 0 6206 24646 24557 2023-12-09T10:51:08Z CommonsDelinker 65 Removing [[:c:File:Tirana_skyline_dusk.jpg|Tirana_skyline_dusk.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Media published on Pexels after 5 July 2018 are not available under CC-Zero and do not comply with Commons polic wikitext text/x-wiki '''ቲራና''' ናይ [[ኣልባኒያ]] ርእሲ ከተማ እያ። {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-right:0em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:#e3e3e3;" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="afeeee" |ቲራና |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="afeeee" |ቲራና ኣብ ካርታ [[ኣልባኒያ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[File:Albania District.svg|center|300x300px|Location of Tirana in Albania]]<br /><br /> |- bgcolor="#afeeee" ![[ባንዴራ]] ![[ኣርማ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" ! align="center" |[[File:Flag of Tirana.svg|140x140px]] ! [[File:Stema e Bashkisë Tiranë.svg|center|150x150px|Stema e Bashkisë Tiranë]] |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#afeeee" |ኣገደሲ ሓበሬታ |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ሃገር]] |[[File:Flag of Albania.svg|left|frameless|32x32px]][[ኣልባኒያ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ዞባ]] |[[File:Flag of Tiranë.svg|30x30px]]&nbsp;[[ቲራና ካውንቲ]] |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ስፍሓት መሬት]] |1,110&nbsp; km² |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |[[ተቀመጥቲ]] |557,422 <small> 2011 </small> |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |ኮድ |1000 |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |መስመር |UTC +1 /<small>Hav</small> UTC +2 |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |ወብሳይት |www.tirana.gov.al |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="afeeee" |Gwlasegeth |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |ቦታታት |20 |} 36asvyz89l4flstmogvljl6xgb9vmk4 0 6207 24572 2023-11-18T16:17:03Z Enterosquet 8893 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:it:Special:Redirect/revision/136496767|Sistema internazionale di unità di misura]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣህጉራዊ ስርዓት ኣሃዱታት''' ( ፈረንሳ : ''Système international d'unités'' )፡ ብሓጺሩ '''SI''' (''esse-i'' ይድመጽ)፡ እቲ ዝሰፍሐ ስርዓት ኣሃዱታት እዩ።እቲ ብ1875 እተገብረ ውዕል ሜትሮ ፡ ካብ 1961 ኣትሒዙ ''ኣህጉራዊ ስርዓት ተባሂሉ ዚጽዋዕ ናይ ሓባር ስርዓት'' ኣሃዱታት መለክዒ መሰረት ኣንቢሩ እዩ። ምስ ግዜ ካልኦት መሰረታዊ ኣሃዱታት መለክዒ ተወሰኹ፣ ኣብ 1971 ዓ.ም ሸውዓተ በፂሖም፤ ነፍሲ ወከፎም ንሓደ ኣካላዊ ብዝሒ የመልክቱ ። ካልኦት ኩሎም ኣሃዱታት መለክዒ ካብዚኦም ዝመጹ ስለዝኾኑ ዝተረኽቡ ኣሃዱታት ይበሃሉ። ገለ ሃገራት ኣንግሎ-ሳክሶን ፣ ዋላ እኳ ስርዓት SI እንተተቐበላ፣ ሕጂ’ውን ከም ናይ ኣመሪካን እንግሊዝን ዝኣመሰሉ ልምዳውያን ኣሃዱታት ይጥቀማ።ካብ ሓደ ስርዓት ናብ ካልእ ስርዓት ምስግጋር ዘጋጥም ባህላዊ ጸገም ብመሰረቱ ምስ ታሪኻዊ ሱር ዝተኣሳሰር እዩ። እቲ ኣህጉራዊ ስርዓት መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣብ ትሕዝቶ ሰውራ ፈረንሳ ዝተወልዱ ኣሃዱታት ናይቲ '''ሜትሪክ ስርዓት''' ይጥቀም : SI ኣሃዱታት ተመሳሳሊ ኣስማትን ብተግባር ምስ ሜትሪክ ኣሃዱታት ተመሳሳሊ ግብራዊ ስፍሓትን ኣለዎም። እቲ ኣብ ግዜ-ንውሓት-ጅምላ ብዝሒ ዝተመርኮሰ ስርዓት፡ ካብቲ ተመሳሳሊ '''CGS System''' ንምፍላይ ኣብ መጀመርታ '''MKS System''' ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ ነይሩ ፤ ኣሃዱታት መለክዒታቱ ብሓቂ ሜትሮ፡ ኪሎግራምን ካልኣይን ኣብ ክንዲ ሴንቲ ሜተር፡ ግራም፡ ካልኣይ እዩ ነይሩ። o94sq56elalujvzod9c2ivm8k9d86s3 828 6211 24581 2023-11-21T21:54:46Z 2601:18E:C67F:960:4486:8C6D:3DD7:CBE1 ገጽ ምስ «local z = { error_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that contain errors error_ids_t = {}; -- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module error_msgs_t = {}; -- sequence table of error messages maint_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work prop_cats_t = {}; -- for categ...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain local z = { error_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that contain errors error_ids_t = {}; -- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module error_msgs_t = {}; -- sequence table of error messages maint_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work prop_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance prop_keys_t = {}; -- for adding classes to the citation's <cite> tag }; --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local cfg; -- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set (var) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- Whether needle is in haystack ]] local function in_array (needle, haystack) if needle == nil then return false; end for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do if v == needle then return n; end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N >------------------------------------ When <str> is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return <str> without markup and true; return <str> and false else with allow_empty = false, <str> must have at least one character inside the markup with allow_empty = true, <str> the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition "has no applicable value" in citation-context. After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now. ]] local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty) if not is_set (str) then return str, false; end local count; if true == allow_empty then str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); -- allows (()) to be an empty set else str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1'); end return str, 0 ~= count; end --[[--------------------------< S U B S T I T U T E >---------------------------------------------------------- Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. <args> may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings. ]] local function substitute (msg, args) return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg; end --[[--------------------------< E R R O R _ C O M M E N T >---------------------------------------------------- Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. <content> may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings. ]] local function error_comment (content, hidden) return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content); end --[[--------------------------< H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >-------------------------------------------------- Converts a hyphen to a dash under certain conditions. The hyphen must separate like items; unlike items are returned unmodified. These forms are modified: letter - letter (A - B) digit - digit (4-5) digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5) letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5) digitletter - digitletter (5a - 5d) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d) any other forms are returned unmodified. str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list ]] local function hyphen_to_dash (str) if not is_set (str) then return str; end local accept; -- boolean str = str:gsub ("(%(%(.-%)%))", function(m) return m:gsub(",", "，"):gsub(";", "；") end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split str = str:gsub ('&[nm]dash;', {['&ndash;'] = '–', ['&mdash;'] = '—'}); -- replace &mdash; and &ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split str = str:gsub ('&#45;', '-'); -- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character str = str:gsub ('&nbsp;', ' '); -- replace &nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character local out = {}; local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*'); -- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any for _, item in ipairs (list) do -- for each item in the list item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[%-–—]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then -- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators if item:match ('^%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*%-%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+$') or -- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit) item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+$') or -- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter) item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') or -- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit item:match ('^%d+%s*%-%s*%d+$') or -- digit hyphen digit item:match ('^%a+%s*%-%s*%a+$') then -- letter hyphen letter item = item:gsub ('(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*%-%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '%1–%2'); -- replace hyphen, remove extraneous space characters else item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[–—]%s*', '–'); -- for endash or emdash separated ranges, replace em with en, remove extraneous whitespace end end table.insert (out, item); -- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table end local temp_str = ''; -- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', ')); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out if accept then temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str); -- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value return temp_str:gsub("，", ","):gsub("；", ";"); else return temp_str:gsub("，", ","):gsub("；", ";"); -- else, return assembled temp_str end end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string. ]=] local function make_wikilink (link, display) if not is_set (link) then return '' end if is_set (display) and link ~= display then return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'}); else return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'}); end end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ M E S S A G E >---------------------------------------------------------- Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message. <error_id> – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table <arguments> – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message <raw> – boolean true – causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value <prefix> – string to be prepended to <message> -- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments? <suffix> – string to be appended to <message> TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true? this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table ]] local added_maint_cats = {} -- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix) local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id]; prefix = prefix or ''; suffix = suffix or ''; if error_state == nil then error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id); -- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration elseif is_set (error_state.category) then if error_state.message then -- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category); else if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then added_maint_cats[error_id] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments)); -- make cat name then add to table end return; -- because no message, nothing more to do end end local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments); message = table.concat ( { message, ' (', make_wikilink ( table.concat ( { cfg.messages['help page link'], '#', error_state.anchor }), cfg.messages['help page label']), ')' }); z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true; if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and -- if missing-title error already noted in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then -- and this error is one of these return '', false; -- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient end message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix}); if true == raw then return message, error_state.hidden; -- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag end message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden); -- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message); -- add it to the messages sequence table return message; -- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers end --[[-------------------------< I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D >----------------------------------------------------- This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list provided by the template. Input: args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected Returns: value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected ]] local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list) if enumerated then -- is this a test for an enumerated parameters? alias = alias:gsub ('#', index); -- replace '#' with the value in index else alias = alias:gsub ('#', ''); -- remove '#' if it exists end if is_set (args[alias]) then -- alias is in the template's argument list if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then -- if we have already selected one of the aliases local skip; for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do -- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias if v == alias then skip = true; break; -- has been added so stop looking end end if not skip then -- has not been added so table.insert (error_list, alias); -- add error alias to the error list end else value = args[alias]; -- not yet selected an alias, so select this one selected = alias; end end return value, selected; -- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T >------------------------------------------------------ Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any. To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t. ]] local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments) if not added_maint_cats [key] then added_maint_cats [key] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments)); -- make name then add to table end end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ P R O P _ C A T >-------------------------------------------------------- Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any. foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized. added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above ]] local added_prop_cats = {}; -- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier) local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or ''); -- modify <key> with <key_modifier> if present and not nil if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments)); -- make name then add to table table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key); -- convert key to class for use in the citation's <cite> tag end end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S >---------------------------------------------- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... '' Note: We cannot use <i> for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references. In addition, <i> and '' tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]] local function safe_for_italics (str) if not is_set (str) then return str end if str:sub (1, 1) == "'" then str = "<span></span>" .. str; end if str:sub (-1, -1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span></span>"; end return str:gsub ('\n', ' '); -- Remove newlines as they break italics. end --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ S T Y L E >---------------------------------------------------------- Applies styling to various parameters. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument; protects italic styled parameters. Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg(). ]] local function wrap_style (key, str) if not is_set (str) then return ""; elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then str = safe_for_italics (str); end return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str}); end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T >------------------------------------------------------------ make a separated list of items using provided separators. <sep_list> - typically '<comma><space>' <sep_list_pair> - typically '<space>and<space>' <sep_list_end> - typically '<comma><space>and<space>' or '<comma><space>&<space>' defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'] if <sep_list_end> is specified, <sep_list> and <sep_list_pair> must also be supplied ]] local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end) local list = ''; if not sep_list then -- set the defaults sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list']; sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair']; sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']; end if 2 >= count then list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair); -- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item elseif 2 < count then list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1); -- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end); -- concatenate last item onto end of <list> with final separator end return list; end --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ O N E >---------------------------------------------------------- Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider. The list of parameters to consider is just names. For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'. Because enumerated parameter |<param>1= is an alias of |<param>= we must test for both possibilities. Generates an error if more than one match is present. ]] local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index) local value = nil; -- the value assigned to the selected parameter local selected = ''; -- the name of the parameter we have chosen local error_list = {}; if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do -- for each alias in the aliases list if alias:match ('#') then -- if this alias can be enumerated if '1' == index then -- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list); -- first test for non-enumerated alias end value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list); -- test for enumerated alias else value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list); -- test for non-enumerated alias end end if #error_list > 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then -- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names() for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v); end table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected)); set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)}); end return value, selected; end --[=[-------------------------< R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K >---------------------------------------------- Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup). In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label if str was wrapped in wikilink markup. Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called. ]=] local function remove_wiki_link (str) return (str:gsub ("%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]", function(l) return l:gsub ("^[^|]*|(.*)$", "%1" ):gsub ("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1"); end)); end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ W I K I L I N K >-------------------------------------------------------- Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts. If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]): returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]]; if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]]) returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string; if not a wikilink: returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string. trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes). ]=] local function is_wikilink (str) local D, L local wl_type = 2; -- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]] if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then -- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content) return 0, str, ''; -- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L end L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$'); -- get L and D from [[L|D]] if not is_set (D) then -- if no separate display D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$'); -- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]] wl_type = 1; end D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|'); -- trim white space and pipe characters return wl_type, D, L or ''; end --[[--------------------------< S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P >-------------------------------- Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata. This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup. We presume that editors who have taken the time to markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind. Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed ]] local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument) if not is_set (argument) then return argument, nil; -- no argument, nothing to do end if nil == argument:find ( "''", 1, true ) then -- Is there at least one double apostrophe? If not, exit. return argument, nil; end local flag; while true do if argument:find ("'''''", 1, true) then -- bold italic (5) argument, flag = argument:gsub ("%'%'%'%'%'", ""); -- remove all instances of it elseif argument:find ("''''", 1, true) then -- italic start and end without content (4) argument, flag=argument:gsub ("%'%'%'%'", ""); elseif argument:find ("'''", 1, true) then -- bold (3) argument, flag=argument:gsub ("%'%'%'", ""); elseif argument:find ("''", 1, true) then -- italic (2) argument, flag = argument:gsub ("%'%'", ""); else break; end end return argument, flag; -- done end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat, -- exported functions add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat, error_comment = error_comment, has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written, hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash, in_array = in_array, is_set = is_set, is_wikilink = is_wikilink, make_sep_list = make_sep_list, make_wikilink = make_wikilink, remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link, safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics, select_one = select_one, set_message = set_message, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup, substitute = substitute, wrap_style = wrap_style, z = z, -- exported table } kk801mqzkv4xrvmuck62gy23fyu6dl0 828 6212 24582 2023-11-21T21:56:56Z 2601:18E:C67F:960:4486:8C6D:3DD7:CBE1 ገጽ ምስ «--[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style; -- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< F I L E - S C O P E D E C L A R A T I O N S >---------------------...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style; -- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< F I L E - S C O P E D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------- File-scope variables are declared here ]] local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- used by is_valid_accessdate(), is_valid_year(), date_name_xlate(); TODO: move to ~/Configuration? local year_limit; -- used by is_valid_year() --[=[-------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ A C C E S S D A T E >---------------------------------------- returns true if: Wikipedia start date <= accessdate < today + 2 days Wikipedia start date is 2001-01-15T00:00:00 UTC which is 979516800 seconds after 1970-01-01T00:00:00 UTC (the start of Unix time) accessdate is the date provided in |access-date= at time 00:00:00 UTC today is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours if today is 2015-01-01T00:00:00 then adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow This function does not work if it is fed month names for languages other than English. Wikimedia #time: parser apparently doesn't understand non-English date month names. This function will always return false when the date contains a non-English month name because good1 is false after the call to lang.formatDate(). To get around that call this function with YYYY-MM-DD format dates. ]=] local function is_valid_accessdate (accessdate) local good1, good2; local access_ts, tomorrow_ts; -- to hold Unix time stamps representing the dates good1, access_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', accessdate ); -- convert accessdate value to Unix timestamp good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' ); -- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow if good1 and good2 then -- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which which tonumber() may not understand access_ts = tonumber (access_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (access_ts); -- convert to numbers for the comparison; tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts); else return false; -- one or both failed to convert to Unix time stamp end if 979516800 <= access_ts and access_ts < tomorrow_ts then -- Wikipedia start date <= accessdate < tomorrow's date return true; else return false; -- accessdate out of range end end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ M O N T H _ N U M B E R >---------------------------------------------- returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid month, returns 0 ]] local function get_month_number (month) return cfg.date_names['local'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['local'].short[month] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['en'].short[month] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized month name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ S E A S O N _ N U M B E R >-------------------------------------------- returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 21 for Spring, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0. 21-24 = Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, independent of “Hemisphere” returns 0 when <param> is not |date= Season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. cs1|2 only supports generic seasons. EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons but cs1|2 has no way to make that distinction. These additional divisions not currently supported: 25-28 = Spring - Northern Hemisphere, Summer- Northern Hemisphere, Autumn - Northern Hemisphere, Winter - Northern Hemisphere 29-32 = Spring – Southern Hemisphere, Summer– Southern Hemisphere, Autumn – Southern Hemisphere, Winter - Southern Hemisphere 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) 37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each) 40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each) ]] local function get_season_number (season, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- season dates only supported by |date= end return cfg.date_names['local'].season[season] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].season[season] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized season name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ Q U A R T E R _ N U M B E R >------------------------------------------ returns a number according to the sequence of quarters in a year: 33 for first quarter, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid quarter, returns 0. 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) returns 0 when <param> is not |date= Quarter numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. cs1|2 only supports generic seasons and quarters. These additional divisions not currently supported: 37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each) 40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each) ]] local function get_quarter_number (quarter, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- quarter dates only supported by |date= end quarter = mw.ustring.gsub (quarter, ' +', ' '); -- special case replace multiple space chars with a single space char return cfg.date_names['local'].quarter[quarter] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].quarter[quarter] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized quarter name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ P R O P E R _ N A M E _ N U M B E R >---------------------------------- returns a non-zero number if date contains a recognized proper-name. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. returns 0 when <param> is not |date= ]] local function get_proper_name_number (name, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- proper-name dates only supported by |date= end return cfg.date_names['local'].named[name] or -- look for local names dates first cfg.date_names['en'].named[name] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized named date end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ E L E M E N T _ N U M B E R <------------------------------------------ returns true if month or season or quarter or proper name is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated) ]] local function get_element_number (element, param) local num; local funcs = {get_month_number, get_season_number, get_quarter_number, get_proper_name_number}; -- list of functions to execute in order for _, func in ipairs (funcs) do -- spin through the function list num = func (element, param); -- call the function and get the returned number if 0 ~= num then -- non-zero when valid month season quarter return num; -- return that number end end return nil; -- not valid end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ Y E A R >---------------------------------------------------- Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter. Years more than one year in the future are not acceptable. Special case for |pmc-embargo-date=: years more than two years in the future are not acceptable ]] local function is_valid_year (year, param) if not is_set (year_limit) then year_limit = tonumber(os.date("%Y"))+1; -- global variable so we only have to fetch it once end year = tonumber (year) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (year); -- convert to number for the comparison if year and (100 > year) then -- years less than 100 not supported return false; end if 'pmc-embargo-date' == param then -- special case for |pmc-embargo-date= return year and (year <= tonumber(os.date("%Y"))+2) or false; -- years more than two years in the future are not accepted end return year and (year <= year_limit) or false; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ D A T E >---------------------------------------------------- Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future than next year; else returns false. Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582. Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately 1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian. ]] local function is_valid_date (year, month, day, param) local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31}; local month_length; if not is_valid_year (year, param) then -- no farther into the future than next year except |pmc-embargo-date= no more than two years in the future return false; end month = tonumber (month); -- required for YYYY-MM-DD dates if (2 == month) then -- if February month_length = 28; -- then 28 days unless if 1582 > tonumber(year) then -- Julian calendar if 0 == (year%4) then -- is a leap year? month_length = 29; -- if leap year then 29 days in February end else -- Gregorian calendar if (0 == (year%4) and (0 ~= (year%100) or 0 == (year%400))) then -- is a leap year? month_length = 29; -- if leap year then 29 days in February end end else month_length = days_in_month[month]; end if tonumber (day) > month_length then return false; end return true; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ R A N G E _ S T Y L E >-------------------------- Months in a range are expected to have the same style: Jan–Mar or October–December but not February–Mar or Jul–August. This function looks in cfg.date_names{} to see if both month names are listed in the long subtable or both are listed in the short subtable. When both have the same style (both are listed in the same table), returns true; false else ]] local function is_valid_month_range_style (month1, month2) if (cfg.date_names.en.long[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.long[month2]) or -- are both English names listed in the long subtable? (cfg.date_names.en.short[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.short[month2]) or -- are both English names listed in the short subtable? (cfg.date_names['local'].long[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].long[month2]) or -- are both local names listed in the long subtable? (cfg.date_names['local'].short[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].short[month2]) then -- are both local names listed in the short subtable? return true; end return false; -- names are mixed end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ S E A S O N _ R A N G E >------------------------ Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair. Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time. All season ranges are accepted as valid because there are publishers out there who have published a Summer–Spring YYYY issue, hence treat as ok ]] local function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end, param) local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start); local range_end_number; if 0 == range_start_number then -- is this a month range? range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start, param); -- not a month; is it a season? get start season number range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end, param); -- get end season number if (0 ~= range_start_number) and (0 ~= range_end_number) and (range_start_number ~= range_end_number) then return true; -- any season pairing is accepted except when both are the same end return false; -- range_start and/or range_end is not a season end -- here when range_start is a month range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end); -- get end month number if range_start_number < range_end_number and -- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end? is_valid_month_range_style (range_start, range_end) then -- do months have the same style? return true; -- proper order and same style end return false; -- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C O I N S _ D A T E >------------------------------------------------ This function receives a table of date parts for one or two dates and an empty table reference declared in Module:Citation/CS1. The function is called only for |date= parameters and only if the |date=<value> is determined to be a valid date format. The question of what to do with invalid date formats is not answered here. The date parts in the input table are converted to an ISO 8601 conforming date string: single whole dates: yyyy-mm-dd month and year dates: yyyy-mm year dates: yyyy ranges: yyyy-mm-dd/yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm/yyyy-mm yyyy/yyyy Dates in the Julian calendar are reduced to year or year/year so that we don't have to do calendar conversion from Julian to Proleptic Gregorian. The input table has: year, year2 – always present; if before 1582, ignore months and days if present month, month2 – 0 if not provided, 1-12 for months, 21-24 for seasons; 99 Christmas day, day2 – 0 if not provided, 1-31 for days the output table receives: rftdate: an ISO 8601 formatted date rftchron: a free-form version of the date, usually without year which is in rftdate (season ranges and proper-name dates) rftssn: one of four season keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall (lowercase) rftquarter: one of four values: 1, 2, 3, 4 ]] local function make_COinS_date (input, tCOinS_date) local date; -- one date or first date in a range local date2 = ''; -- end of range date input.year = tonumber (input.year) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (input.year); -- language-aware tonumber() input.year2 = tonumber (input.year2) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (input.year2); -- COinS dates are pseudo-ISO 8601 so convert to Arabic numerals -- start temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty detection local year = input.year; -- this temporary code to determine the extent of sources dated to the Julian/Gregorian local month = tonumber(input.month); -- interstice 1 October 1582 – 1 January 1926 local day = tonumber (input.day); if (0 ~= day) and -- day must have a value for this to be a whole date (((1582 == year) and (10 <= month) and (12 >= month)) or -- any whole 1582 date from 1 October to 31 December or ((1926 == year) and (1 == month) and (1 == input.day)) or -- 1 January 1926 or ((1582 < year) and (1925 >= year))) then -- any date 1 January 1583 – 31 December 1925 tCOinS_date.inter_cal_cat = true; -- set category flag true end -- end temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty detection if ((1582 == year) and (10 > month)) or (1582 > year) then -- if a Julian calendar date tCOinS_date.rftdate = tostring (input.year); -- &rft.date gets year only return; -- done end -- here for all forms of Gregorian dates if 20 < tonumber (input.month) then -- if season, quarter, or proper-name date date = input.year; -- &rft.date gets year only if 0 ~= input.year2 and input.year ~= input.year2 then -- if a range, only the second year portion when not the same as range start year date = string.format ('%.4d/%.4d', input.year, input.year2) -- assemble the date range end local season = {[24] = 'winter', [21] = 'spring', [22] = 'summer', [23] = 'fall', [33] = '1', [34] = '2', [35] = '3', [36] = '4', [98] = 'Easter', [99] = 'Christmas'}; -- seasons lowercase, no autumn; proper-names use title case if 0 == input.month2 then -- single season, quarter, or proper-name date if 40 < tonumber(input.month) then tCOinS_date.rftchron = season[input.month]; -- proper-name date; used in journal metadata only elseif 30 < tonumber(input.month) then tCOinS_date.rftquarter = season[input.month]; -- quarter date; used in journal metadata only else tCOinS_date.rftssn = season[input.month]; -- season date; used in journal metadata only end else -- season ranges are lumped into &rft.chron; &rft.ssn and &rft.quarter are left blank if input.year ~= input.year2 then -- season year – season year range or season year–year if 0 ~= input.month2 then tCOinS_date.rftchron = string.format ('%s %s – %s %s', season[input.month], input.year, season[input.month2], input.year2); -- used in journal metadata only end else -- season–season year range tCOinS_date.rftchron = season[input.month] .. '–' .. season[input.month2]; -- season–season year range; used in journal metadata only end end tCOinS_date.rftdate = tostring (date); return; -- done end -- here for gregorian calendar dates if 0 ~= input.day then date = string.format ('%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month), tonumber(input.day)); -- whole date elseif 0 ~= input.month then date = string.format ('%s-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month)); -- year and month else date = string.format ('%s', input.year); -- just year end if 0 ~= input.year2 then if 0 ~= input.day2 then date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2), tonumber(input.day2)); -- whole date elseif 0 ~= input.month2 then date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2)); -- year and month else date2 = string.format ('/%s', input.year2); -- just year end end tCOinS_date.rftdate = date .. date2; -- date2 has the '/' separator return; end --[[--------------------------< P A T T E R N S >-------------------------------------------------------------- this is the list of patterns for date formats that this module recognizes. Approximately the first half of these patterns represent formats that might be reformatted into another format. Those that might be reformatted have 'indicator' letters that identify the content of the matching capture: 'd' (day), 'm' (month), 'a' (anchor year), 'y' (year); second day, month, year have a '2' suffix. These patterns are used for both date validation and for reformatting. This table should not be moved to ~/Configuration because changes to this table require changes to check_date() and to reformatter() and reformat_date() ]] local patterns = { -- year-initial numerical year-month-day ['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- month-initial: month day, year ['Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$', 'm', 'd', 'a', 'y'}, -- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash ['Md-dy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'a', 'y'}, -- day-initial: day month year ['dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$', 'd', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed; not supported at en.wiki -- ['yMd'] = {'^((%d%d%d%d?)%a?) +(%D-) +(%d%d?)$', 'a', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash ['d-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash ['dM-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y'}, -- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash ['Md-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$','m', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y'}, -- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash ['dMy-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(%d%d%d%d) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash ['Mdy-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(%d%d%d%d) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- these date formats cannot be converted, per se, but month name can be rendered short or long -- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash ['My-My'] = {'^(%D-) +(%d%d%d%d) +[%-–] +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- month/season range year; months separated by endash ['M-My'] = {'^(%D-)[%-–](%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'm2', 'a', 'y'}, -- month/season year or proper-name year; quarter year when First Quarter YYYY etc. ['My'] = {'^([^%d–]-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- this way because endash is a member of %D; %D- will match January–March 2019 when it shouldn't -- these date formats cannot be converted ['Sy4-y2'] = {'^(%D-) +((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%a?)$'}, -- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash ['Sy-y'] = {'^(%D-) +(%d%d%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$'}, -- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash ['y-y'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d?)[%-–]((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$'}, -- year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999 ['y4-y2'] = {'^((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%a?)$'}, -- year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash ['y'] = {'^((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$'}, -- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY } --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ E M B A R G O _ D A T E >------------------------------------ returns true and date value if that value has proper dmy, mdy, ymd format. returns false and 9999 (embargoed forever) when date value is not proper format; assumes that when |pmc-embargo-date= is set, the editor intended to embargo a PMC but |pmc-embargo-date= does not hold a single date. ]] local function is_valid_embargo_date (v) if v:match (patterns['ymd'][1]) or -- ymd v:match (patterns['Mdy'][1]) or -- dmy v:match (patterns['dMy'][1]) then -- mdy return true, v; end return false, '9999'; -- if here not good date so return false and set embargo date to long time in future end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ D A T E >---------------------------------------------------------- Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only allowed range separator is endash. Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day months; no 29 February when not a leap year. Months, both long-form and three character abbreviations, and seasons must be spelled correctly. Future years beyond next year are not allowed. If the date fails the format tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and COinS_date. When this happens, the date parameter is (DEBUG: not?) used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value. Inputs: date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, publication-date, access-date, pmc-embargo-date, archive-date, lay-date) Returns: false if date string is not a real date; else true, anchor_year, COinS_date anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors COinS_date is ISO 8601 format date; see make_COInS_date() ]] local function check_date (date_string, param, tCOinS_date) local year; -- assume that year2, months, and days are not used; local year2 = 0; -- second year in a year range local month = 0; local month2 = 0; -- second month in a month range local day = 0; local day2 = 0; -- second day in a day range local anchor_year; local coins_date; if date_string:match (patterns['ymd'][1]) then -- year-initial numerical year month day format year, month, day = date_string:match (patterns['ymd'][1]); if 12 < tonumber(month) or 1 > tonumber(month) or 1582 > tonumber(year) or 0 == tonumber(day) then return false; end -- month or day number not valid or not Gregorian calendar anchor_year = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy'][1]) then -- month-initial: month day, year month, day, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-dy'][1]) then -- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash month, day, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-dy'][1]); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months month2=month; -- for metadata year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy'][1]) then -- day-initial: day month year day, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months --[[ NOT supported at en.wiki elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['yMd'][1]) then -- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed anchor_year, year, month, day = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['yMd'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months -- end NOT supported at en.wiki ]] elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['d-dMy'][1]) then -- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash day, day2, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['d-dMy'][1]); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months month2 = month; -- for metadata year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dM-dMy'][1]) then -- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dM-dMy'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-Mdy'][1]) then -- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-Mdy'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy-dMy'][1]) then -- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash day, month, year, day2, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy-dMy'][1]); if tonumber(year2) <= tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end -- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end -- both must be valid elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy-Mdy'][1]) then -- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash month, day, year, month2, day2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy-Mdy'][1]); if tonumber(year2) <= tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end -- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number(month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end -- both must be valid elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy4-y2'][1]) then -- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash local century; month, year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy4-y2'][1]); if 'Winter' ~= month and 'Summer' ~= month then return false end; -- 'month' can only be Winter or Summer anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years year2 = century..year2; -- add the century to year2 for comparisons if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year month = get_season_number(month, param); elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy-y'][1]) then -- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash month, year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy-y'][1]); month = get_season_number (month, param); -- <month> can only be winter or summer; also for metadata if (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Winter']) and (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Summer']) then return false; -- not Summer or Winter; abandon end anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My-My'][1]) then -- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My-My'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2) and is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then -- both must be month year, same month style month = get_month_number(month); month2 = get_month_number(month2); elseif 0 ~= get_season_number(month, param) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2, param) then -- both must be season year, not mixed month = get_season_number(month, param); month2 = get_season_number(month2, param); else return false; end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['M-My'][1]) then -- month/season range year; months separated by endash month, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['M-My'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then return false; end if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) then -- determined to be a valid range so just check this one to know if month or season month = get_month_number(month); month2 = get_month_number(month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end else month = get_season_number(month, param); month2 = get_season_number(month2, param); end year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My'][1]) then -- month/season/quarter/proper-name year month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My'][1]); if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end month = get_element_number(month, param); -- get month season quarter proper-name number or nil if not month then return false; end -- not valid whatever it is elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y-y'][1]) then -- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999 year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y-y'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y4-y2'][1]) then -- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash local century; year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y4-y2'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if 13 > tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003 year2 = century .. year2; -- add the century to year2 for comparisons if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year if in_array (param, {'date', 'publication-date', 'year'}) then -- here when 'valid' abbreviated year range; if one of these parameters add_prop_cat ('year-range-abbreviated'); -- add properties cat end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y'][1]) then -- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y'][1]); if false == is_valid_year(year) then return false; end else return false; -- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats end if param ~= 'date' then -- CITEREF disambiguation only allowed in |date=; |year= & |publication-date= promote to date if anchor_year:match ('%l$') then return false; end end if 'access-date' == param then -- test access-date here because we have numerical date parts if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and -- all parts of a single date required 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then -- none of these; access-date must not be a range if not is_valid_accessdate(year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day) then return false; -- return false when access-date out of bounds end else return false; -- return false when access-date is a range of two dates end end if 'archive-date' == param then -- test archive-date here because we have numerical date parts if not (0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and -- all parts of a single date required 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2) then -- none of these; archive-date must not be a range return false; -- return false when archive-date is a range of two dates end end local result=true; -- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then -- YMD (simple whole date) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day, param); -- <param> for |pmc-embargo-date= elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-d (day range) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date (year, month, day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-md (day month range) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date (year, month2, day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-ymd (day month year range) result = is_valid_date(year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date(year2, month2, day2); end if false == result then return false; end if nil ~= tCOinS_date then -- this table only passed into this function when testing |date= parameter values make_COinS_date ({year = year, month = month, day = day, year2 = year2, month2 = month2, day2 = day2}, tCOinS_date); -- make an ISO 8601 date string for COinS end return true, anchor_year; -- format is good and date string represents a real date end --[[--------------------------< D A T E S >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in the COinS metadata) are derived. The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords "n.d." or "nd" (without quotes). Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially, parameters with errors are added to the <error_list> sequence table as the dates are tested. ]] local function dates(date_parameters_list, tCOinS_date, error_list) local anchor_year; -- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date= local COinS_date; -- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date= local embargo_date; -- if embargo date is a good dmy, mdy, ymd date then holds original value else reset to 9999 local good_date = false; for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set(v.val) then -- if the parameter has a value v.val = mw.ustring.gsub(v.val, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 if v.val:match("^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$") then -- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year= local year = v.val:match("c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?"); -- get the year portion so it can be tested if 'date' == k then anchor_year, COinS_date = v.val:match("((c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?)"); -- anchor year and COinS_date only from |date= parameter good_date = is_valid_year(year); elseif 'year' == k then good_date = is_valid_year(year); end elseif 'date' == k then -- if the parameter is |date= if v.val:match("^n%.d%.%a?$") then -- ToDo: I18N -- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v.val:match("((n%.d%.)%a?)"); -- ToDo: I18N -- "n.d."; no error when date parameter is set to no date elseif v.val:match("^nd%a?$") then -- ToDo: I18N -- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v.val:match("((nd)%a?)"); -- ToDo: I18N -- "nd"; no error when date parameter is set to no date else good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = check_date (v.val, k, tCOinS_date); -- go test the date end elseif 'year' == k then -- if the parameter is |year= it should hold only a year value if v.val:match("^[1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$") then -- if |year = 3 or 4 digits only with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v.val:match("((%d+)%a?)"); end elseif 'pmc-embargo-date' == k then -- if the parameter is |pmc-embargo-date= good_date = check_date (v.val, k); -- go test the date if true == good_date then -- if the date is a valid date good_date, embargo_date = is_valid_embargo_date (v.val); -- is |pmc-embargo-date= date a single dmy, mdy, or ymd formatted date? yes: returns embargo date; no: returns 9999 end else -- any other date-holding parameter good_date = check_date (v.val, k); -- go test the date end if false == good_date then -- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', v.name)); -- make parameter name suitable for error message list end end end return anchor_year, embargo_date; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< Y E A R _ D A T E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------------ Compare the value provided in |year= with the year value(s) provided in |date=. This function sets a local numeric value: 0 - year value does not match the year value in date 1 - (default) year value matches the year value in date or one of the year values when date contains two years 2 - year value matches the year value in date when date is in the form YYYY-MM-DD and year is disambiguated (|year=YYYYx) the numeric value in <result> determines the 'output' if any from this function: 0 – adds error message to error_list sequence table 1 – adds maint cat 2 – does nothing ]] local function year_date_check (year_string, year_origin, date_string, date_origin, error_list) local year; local date1; local date2; local result = 1; -- result of the test; assume that the test passes year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d?)'); if date_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d') and year_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%a') then --special case where both date and year are required YYYY-MM-DD and YYYYx date1 = date_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)'); year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)'); if year ~= date1 then result = 0; -- years don't match else result = 2; -- years match; but because disambiguated, don't add to maint cat end elseif date_string:match ("%d%d%d%d?.-%d%d%d%d?") then -- any of the standard range formats of date with two three- or four-digit years date1, date2 = date_string:match ("(%d%d%d%d?).-(%d%d%d%d?)"); if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then result = 0; end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, "%d%d%d%d[%-–]%d%d") then -- YYYY-YY date ranges local century; date1, century, date2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, "((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]+(%d%d)"); date2 = century..date2; -- convert YY to YYYY if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then result = 0; end elseif date_string:match ("%d%d%d%d?") then -- any of the standard formats of date with one year date1 = date_string:match ("(%d%d%d%d?)"); if year ~= date1 then result = 0; end else -- should never get here; this function called only when no other date errors result = 0; -- no recognizable year in date end if 0 == result then -- year / date mismatch table.insert (error_list, substitute (cfg.messages['mismatch'], {year_origin, date_origin})); -- add error message to error_list sequence table elseif 1 == result then -- redundant year / date set_message ('maint_date_year'); -- add a maint cat end end --[[--------------------------< R E F O R M A T T E R >-------------------------------------------------------- reformat 'date' into new format specified by format_param if pattern_idx (the current format of 'date') can be reformatted. Does the grunt work for reformat_dates(). The table re_formats maps pattern_idx (current format) and format_param (desired format) to a table that holds: format string used by string.format() identifier letters ('d', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2') that serve as indexes into a table t{} that holds captures from mw.ustring.match() for the various date parts specified by patterns[pattern_idx][1] Items in patterns{} have the general form: ['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, where: ['ymd'] is pattern_idx patterns['ymd'][1] is the match pattern with captures for mw.ustring.match() patterns['ymd'][2] is an indicator letter identifying the content of the first capture patterns['ymd'][3] ... the second capture etc. when a pattern matches a date, the captures are loaded into table t{} in capture order using the idemtifier characters as indexes into t{} For the above, a ymd date is in t{} as: t.y = first capture (year), t.m = second capture (month), t.d = third capture (day) To reformat, this function is called with the pattern_idx that matches the current format of the date and with format_param set to the desired format. This function loads table t{} as described and then calls string.format() with the format string specified by re_format[pattern_idx][format_param][1] using values taken from t{} according to the capture identifier letters specified by patterns[pattern_idx][format_param][n] where n is 2.. ]] local re_formats = { ['ymd'] = { -- date format is ymd; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['Mdy'] = { -- date format is Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['dMy'] = { -- date format is dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['Md-dy'] = { -- date format is Md-dy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -> d-dMy }, ['d-dMy'] = { -- date format is d-d>y; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -> Md-dy }, ['dM-dMy'] = { -- date format is dM-dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -> Md-Mdy }, ['Md-Mdy'] = { -- date format is Md-Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -> dM-dMy }, ['dMy-dMy'] = { -- date format is dMy-dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'}, -- |df=mdy -> Mdy-Mdy }, ['Mdy-Mdy'] = { -- date format is Mdy-Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- |df=dmy -> dMy-dMy }, ['My-My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s %s – %s %s', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, ['M-My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s–%s %s', 'm', 'm2', 'y'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, ['My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s %s', 'm', 'y'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, -- ['yMd'] = { -- not supported at en.wiki -- ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -- ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -- ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- }, } local function reformatter (date, pattern_idx, format_param, mon_len) if not in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Mdy', 'Md-dy', 'dMy', 'yMd', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then return; -- not in this set of date format patterns then not a reformattable date end if 'ymd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then return; -- ymd date ranges not supported at en.wiki; no point in reformatting ymd to ymd end if in_array (pattern_idx, {'My', 'M-My', 'My-My'}) then -- these are not dmy/mdy so can't be 'reformatted' into either format_param = 'any'; -- so format-agnostic end -- yMd is not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, uncomment the next line -- if 'yMd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'yMd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy'}) then -- these formats not convertable; yMd not supported at en.wiki if 'yMd' == format_param then -- yMd not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, remove or comment-out this line return; -- not a reformattable date end local c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7; -- these hold the captures specified in patterns[pattern_idx][1] c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7 = mw.ustring.match (date, patterns[pattern_idx][1]); -- get the captures local t = { -- table that holds k/v pairs of date parts from the captures and patterns[pattern_idx][2..] [patterns[pattern_idx][2]] = c1; -- at minimum there is always one capture with a matching indicator letter [patterns[pattern_idx][3] or 'x'] = c2; -- patterns can have a variable number of captures; each capture requires an indicator letter; [patterns[pattern_idx][4] or 'x'] = c3; -- where there is no capture, there is no indicator letter so n in patterns[pattern_idx][n] will be nil; [patterns[pattern_idx][5] or 'x'] = c4; -- the 'x' here spoofs an indicator letter to prevent 'table index is nil' error [patterns[pattern_idx][6] or 'x'] = c5; [patterns[pattern_idx][7] or 'x'] = c6; [patterns[pattern_idx][8] or 'x'] = c7; }; if t.a then -- if this date has an anchor year capture (all convertable date formats except ymd) if t.y2 then -- for year range date formats t.y2 = t.a; -- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date else -- here for single date formats (except ymd) t.y = t.a; -- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date end end if tonumber(t.m) then -- if raw month is a number (converting from ymd) if 's' == mon_len then -- if we are to use abbreviated month names t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][tonumber(t.m)]; -- convert it to a month name else t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][tonumber(t.m)]; -- convert it to a month name end t.d = t.d:gsub ('0(%d)', '%1'); -- strip leading '0' from day if present elseif 'ymd' == format_param then -- when converting to ymd t.y = t.y:gsub ('%a', ''); -- strip CITREF disambiguator if present; anchor year already known so process can proceed; TODO: maint message? if 1582 > tonumber (t.y) then -- ymd format dates not allowed before 1582 return; end t.m = string.format ('%02d', get_month_number (t.m)); -- make sure that month and day are two digits t.d = string.format ('%02d', t.d); elseif mon_len then -- if mon_len is set to either 'short' or 'long' for _, mon in ipairs ({'m', 'm2'}) do -- because there can be two month names, check both if t[mon] then t[mon] = get_month_number (t[mon]); -- get the month number for this month (is length agnostic) if 0 == t[mon] then return; end -- seasons and named dates can't be converted t[mon] = (('s' == mon_len) and cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][t[mon]]) or cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][t[mon]]; -- fetch month name according to length end end end local new_date = string.format (re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][1], -- format string t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][2]], -- named captures from t{} t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][3]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][4]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][5]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][6]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][7]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][8]] ); return new_date; end --[[-------------------------< R E F O R M A T _ D A T E S >-------------------------------------------------- Reformats existing dates into the format specified by format. format is one of several manual keywords: dmy, dmy-all, mdy, mdy-all, ymd, ymd-all. The -all version includes access- and archive-dates; otherwise these dates are not reformatted. This function allows automatic date formatting. In ~/Configuration, the article source is searched for one of the {{use xxx dates}} templates. If found, xxx becomes the global date format as xxx-all. If |cs1-dates= in {{use xxx dates}} has legitimate value then that value determines how cs1|2 dates will be rendered. Legitimate values for |cs1-dates= are: l - all dates are rendered with long month names ls - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates use abbreviated month names ly - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format s - all dates are rendered with abbreviated (short) month names sy - publication dates use abbreviated month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format y - all dates are rendered in ymd format the format argument for automatic date formatting will be the format specified by {{use xxx dates}} with the value supplied by |cs1-dates so one of: xxx-l, xxx-ls, xxx-ly, xxx-s, xxx-sy, xxx-y, or simply xxx (|cs1-dates= empty, omitted, or invalid) where xxx shall be either of dmy or mdy. dates are extracted from date_parameters_list, reformatted (if appropriate), and then written back into the list in the new format. Dates in date_parameters_list are presumed here to be valid (no errors). This function returns true when a date has been reformatted, false else. Actual reformatting is done by reformatter(). ]] local function reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, format) local all = false; -- set to false to skip access- and archive-dates local len_p = 'l'; -- default publication date length shall be long local len_a = 'l'; -- default access-/archive-date length shall be long local result = false; local new_date; if format:match('%a+%-all') then -- manual df keyword; auto df keyword when length not specified in {{use xxx dates}}; format = format:match('(%a+)%-all'); -- extract the format all = true; -- all dates are long format dates because this keyword doesn't specify length elseif format:match('%a+%-[lsy][sy]?') then -- auto df keywords; internal only all = true; -- auto df applies to all dates; use length specified by capture len_p for all dates format, len_p, len_a = format:match('(%a+)%-([lsy])([sy]?)'); -- extract the format and length keywords if 'y' == len_p then -- because allowed by MOS:DATEUNIFY (sort of) range dates and My dates not reformatted format = 'ymd'; -- override {{use xxx dates}} elseif (not is_set(len_a)) or (len_p == len_a) then -- no access-/archive-date length specified or same length as publication dates then len_a = len_p; -- in case len_a not set end end -- else only publication dates and they are long for param_name, param_val in pairs (date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set (param_val.val) then -- if the parameter has a value if not (not all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'})) then -- skip access- or archive-date unless format is xxx-all; yeah, ugly; TODO: find a better way for pattern_idx, pattern in pairs (patterns) do if mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, pattern[1]) then if all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'}) then -- if this date is an access- or archive-date new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, (('y' == len_a) and 'ymd') or format, len_a); -- choose ymd or dmy/mdy according to len_a setting else -- all other dates new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, format, len_p); end if new_date then -- set when date was reformatted date_parameters_list[param_name].val = new_date; -- update date in date list result = true; -- and announce that changes have been made break; end end -- if end -- for end -- if end -- if end -- for return result; -- declare boolean result and done end --[[--------------------------< D A T E _ H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >---------------------------------------- Loops through the list of date-holding parameters and converts any hyphen to an ndash. Not called if the cs1|2 template has any date errors. Modifies the date_parameters_list and returns true if hyphens are replaced, else returns false. ]] local function date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) local result = false; local n; for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set (param_val.val) and not mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, patterns.ymd[1]) then -- for those that are not ymd dates (ustring because here digits may not be Western) param_val.val, n = param_val.val:gsub ('%-', '–'); -- replace any hyphen with ndash if 0 ~= n then date_parameters_list[param_name].val = param_val.val; -- update the list result = true; end end end return result; -- so we know if any hyphens were replaced end --[[-------------------------< D A T E _ N A M E _ X L A T E >------------------------------------------------ Attempts to translate English date names to local-language date names using names supplied by MediaWiki's date parser function. This is simple name-for-name replacement and may not work for all languages. if xlat_dig is true, this function will also translate Western (English) digits to the local language's digits. This will also translate ymd dates. ]] local function date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, xlt_dig) local xlate; local mode; -- long or short month names local modified = false; local date; local sources_t = { {cfg.date_names.en.long, cfg.date_names.inv_local_long}, -- for translating long English month names to long local month names {cfg.date_names.en.short, cfg.date_names.inv_local_short}, -- short month names {cfg.date_names.en.quarter, cfg.date_names.inv_local_quarter}, -- quarter date names {cfg.date_names.en.season, cfg.date_names.inv_local_season}, -- season date nam {cfg.date_names.en.named, cfg.date_names.inv_local_named}, -- named dates } local function is_xlateable (month) -- local function to get local date name that replaces existing English-language date name for _, date_names_t in ipairs (sources_t) do -- for each sequence table in date_names_t if date_names_t[1][month] then -- if date name is English month (long or short), quarter, season or named and if date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]] then -- if there is a matching local date name return date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]]; -- return the local date name end end end end for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set(param_val.val) then -- if the parameter has a value date = param_val.val; for month in mw.ustring.gmatch (date, '[%a ]+') do -- iterate through all date names in the date (single date or date range) month = mw.text.trim (month); -- this because quarterly dates contain whitespace xlate = is_xlateable (month); -- get translate <month>; returns translation or nil if xlate then date = mw.ustring.gsub (date, month, xlate); -- replace the English with the translation date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date; -- save the translated date modified = true; end end if xlt_dig then -- shall we also translate digits? date = date:gsub ('%d', cfg.date_names.xlate_digits); -- translate digits from Western to 'local digits' date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date; -- save the translated date modified = true; end end end return modified; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) add_prop_cat = utilities_page_ptr.add_prop_cat ; -- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message; substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute; wrap_style = utilities_page_ptr.wrap_style; cfg = cfg_table_ptr; -- import tables from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration end --[[--------------------------< A R C H I V E _ D A T E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------ Compare value in |archive-date= with the timestamp in Wayback machine urls. Emits an error message when |archive-date= does not match the timestamp. ]] local function archive_date_check (archive_date, archive_url_timestamp) local good, archive_date_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'Ymd', archive_date); -- |archive-date= value to YYYYMMDD format -- local archive_date_ts = lang_object:formatDate ('Ymd', archive_date); -- |archive-date= value to YYYYMMDD format if good then if not archive_url_timestamp:find (archive_date_ts, 1, true) then -- plain text find; begin search at position 1 set_message ('err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch'); -- emit an error message end end end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { -- return exported functions archive_date_check = archive_date_check, date_hyphen_to_dash = date_hyphen_to_dash, date_name_xlate = date_name_xlate, dates = dates, reformat_dates = reformat_dates, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, year_date_check = year_date_check, } h1et8hc4yy0nzlgfuigrj5tumodmw1t 828 6213 24583 2023-11-21T21:59:07Z 2601:18E:C67F:960:4486:8C6D:3DD7:CBE1 ገጽ ምስ «--[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one, -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities substitute, make_wikilink; local z; -- table of tables defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configurat...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one, -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities substitute, make_wikilink; local z; -- table of tables defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< P A G E S C O P E V A R I A B L E S >-------------------------------------- declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here ]] local auto_link_urls = {}; -- holds identifier URLs for those identifiers that can auto-link |title= --============================<< H E L P E R F U N C T I O N S >>============================================ --[[--------------------------< W I K I D A T A _ A R T I C L E _ N A M E _ G E T >---------------------------- as an aid to internationalizing identifier-label wikilinks, gets identifier article names from Wikidata. returns :<lang code>:<article title> when <q> has an <article title> for <lang code>; nil else for identifiers that do not have q, returns nil for wikis that do not have mw.wikibase installed, returns nil ]] local function wikidata_article_name_get (q) if not is_set (q) or (q and not mw.wikibase) then -- when no q number or when a q number but mw.wikibase not installed on this wiki return nil; -- abandon end local wd_article; local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code; -- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org wd_article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink (q, this_wiki_code .. 'wiki'); -- fetch article title from WD; nil when no title available at this wiki if wd_article then wd_article = table.concat ({':', this_wiki_code, ':', wd_article}); -- interwiki-style link without brackets if taken from WD; leading colon required end return wd_article; -- article title from WD; nil else end --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ L A B E L _ M A K E >------------------------------------------------ common function to create identifier link label from handler table or from Wikidata returns the first available of 1. redirect from local wiki's handler table (if enabled) 2. Wikidata (if there is a Wikidata entry for this identifier in the local wiki's language) 3. label specified in the local wiki's handler table ]] local function link_label_make (handler) local wd_article; if not (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect)) then -- redirect has priority so if enabled and available don't fetch from Wikidata because expensive wd_article = wikidata_article_name_get (handler.q); -- if Wikidata has an article title for this wiki, get it; end return (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect) and handler.redirect) or wd_article or handler.link; end --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D >---------------------------------------------- Formats a wiki-style external link ]] local function external_link_id (options) local url_string = options.id; local ext_link; local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code; -- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org local wd_article; -- article title from Wikidata if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then url_string = mw.uri.encode (url_string, 'PATH'); end if options.auto_link and is_set (options.access) then auto_link_urls[options.auto_link] = table.concat ({options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix}); end ext_link = mw.ustring.format ('[%s%s%s %s]', options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or "", mw.text.nowiki (options.id)); if is_set (options.access) then ext_link = substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[options.access].class, cfg.presentation[options.access].title, ext_link}); -- add the free-to-read / paywall lock end return table.concat ({ make_wikilink (link_label_make (options), options.label), -- redirect, Wikidata link, or locally specified link (in that order) options.separator or '&nbsp;', ext_link }); end --[[--------------------------< I N T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D >---------------------------------------------- Formats a wiki-style internal link TODO: Does not currently need to support options.access, options.encode, auto-linking and COinS (as in external_link_id), but may be needed in the future for :m:Interwiki_map custom-prefixes like :arxiv:, :bibcode:, :DOI:, :hdl:, :ISSN:, :JSTOR:, :Openlibrary:, :PMID:, :RFC:. ]] local function internal_link_id (options) local id = mw.ustring.gsub (options.id, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 return table.concat ( { make_wikilink (link_label_make (options), options.label), -- wiki-link the identifier label options.separator or '&nbsp;', -- add the separator make_wikilink ( table.concat ( { options.prefix, id, -- translated to Western digits options.suffix or '' }), substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {'', mw.text.nowiki (options.id)}) -- bdi tags to prevent Latin script identifiers from being reversed at RTL language wikis ); -- nowiki because MediaWiki still has magic links for ISBN and the like; TODO: is it really required? }); end --[[--------------------------< I S _ E M B A R G O E D >------------------------------------------------------ Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |pmc-embargo-date= against today's date. If embargo date is in the future, returns the content of |pmc-embargo-date=; otherwise, returns an empty string because the embargo has expired or because |pmc-embargo-date= was not set in this cite. ]] local function is_embargoed (embargo) if is_set (embargo) then local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local good1, embargo_date, todays_date; good1, embargo_date = pcall (lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo); todays_date = lang:formatDate ('U'); if good1 then -- if embargo date is a good date if tonumber (embargo_date) >= tonumber (todays_date) then -- is embargo date is in the future? return embargo; -- still embargoed else set_message ('maint_pmc_embargo'); -- embargo has expired; add main cat return ''; -- unset because embargo has expired end end end return ''; -- |pmc-embargo-date= not set return empty string end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ R X I V _ D A T E >------------------------------------------ for biorxiv, returns true if: 2019-12-11T00:00Z <= biorxiv_date < today + 2 days for medrxiv, returns true if: 2020-01-01T00:00Z <= medrxiv_date < today + 2 days The dated form of biorxiv identifier has a start date of 2019-12-11. The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2019-12-11}} = 1576022400 The medrxiv identifier has a start date of 2020-01-01. The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2020-01-01}} = 1577836800 <rxiv_date> is the date provided in those |biorxiv= parameter values that are dated and in |medrxiv= parameter values at time 00:00:00 UTC <today> is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours if today's date is 2023-01-01T00:00:00 then adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow inputs: <y>, <m>, <d> – year, month, day parts of the date from the birxiv or medrxiv identifier <select> 'b' for biorxiv, 'm' for medrxiv; defaults to 'b' ]=] local function is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, select) if 0 == tonumber (m) and 12 < tonumber (m) then -- <m> must be a number 1–12 return false; end if 0 == tonumber (d) and 31 < tonumber (d) then -- <d> must be a number 1–31; TODO: account for month length and leap yer? return false; end local rxiv_date = table.concat ({y, m, d}, '-'); -- make ymd date string local good1, good2; local rxiv_ts, tomorrow_ts; -- to hold Unix timestamps representing the dates local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage(); good1, rxiv_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', rxiv_date); -- convert rxiv_date value to Unix timestamp good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' ); -- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow if good1 and good2 then -- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which tonumber() may not understand rxiv_ts = tonumber (rxiv_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (rxiv_ts); -- convert to numbers for the comparison; tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts); else return false; -- one or both failed to convert to Unix timestamp end local limit_ts = ((select and ('m' == select)) and 1577836800) or 1576022400; -- choose the appropriate limit timesatmp return ((limit_ts <= rxiv_ts) and (rxiv_ts < tomorrow_ts)) -- limit_ts <= rxiv_date < tomorrow's date end --[[--------------------------< IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N >----------------------------------------------------- ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all ISBN/ISSN digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in isbn(). If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN/ISSN must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN characters. ]] local function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len) local temp = 0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) }; -- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39, 'X' → 0x58 len = len + 1; -- adjust to be a loop counter for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do -- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum if v == string.byte ("X" ) then -- if checkdigit is X (compares the byte value of 'X' which is 0x58) temp = temp + 10 * (len - i); -- it represents 10 decimal else temp = temp + tonumber (string.char (v) )*(len-i); end end return temp % 11 == 0; -- returns true if calculation result is zero end --[[--------------------------< IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N _ 1 3 >----------------------------------------------- ISBN-13 and ISMN validator code calculates checksum across all 13 ISBN/ISMN digits including the check digit. If the number is valid, the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN-13/ISMN must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN-13 characters. ]] local function is_valid_isxn_13 (isxn_str) local temp=0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, 13) }; -- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39 for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber (string.char (v) ); -- multiply odd index digits by 1, even index digits by 3 and sum; includes check digit end return temp % 10 == 0; -- sum modulo 10 is zero when ISBN-13/ISMN is correct end --[[--------------------------< N O R M A L I Z E _ L C C N >-------------------------------------------------- LCCN normalization (https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization) 1. Remove all blanks. 2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash. 3. If there is a hyphen in the string: a. Remove it. b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out): 1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function) 2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeroes until the length is six. Returns a normalized LCCN for lccn() to validate. There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function. ]] local function normalize_lccn (lccn) lccn = lccn:gsub ("%s", ""); -- 1. strip whitespace if nil ~= string.find (lccn, '/') then lccn = lccn:match ("(.-)/"); -- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it end local prefix local suffix prefix, suffix = lccn:match ("(.+)%-(.+)"); -- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix if nil ~= suffix then -- if there was a hyphen suffix = string.rep("0", 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix; -- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6 lccn = prefix..suffix; -- reassemble the LCCN end return lccn; end --============================<< I D E N T I F I E R F U N C T I O N S >>==================================== --[[--------------------------< A R X I V >-------------------------------------------------------------------- See: https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier format and error check arXiv identifier. There are three valid forms of the identifier: the first form, valid only between date codes 9107 and 0703, is: arXiv:<archive>.<class>/<date code><number><version> where: <archive> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation <class> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation; not the same as |class= parameter which is not supported in this form <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0 <number> is a three-digit number <version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces (undocumented) the second form, valid from April 2007 through December 2014 is: arXiv:<date code>.<number><version> where: <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 <number> is a four-digit number <version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces the third form, valid from January 2015 is: arXiv:<date code>.<number><version> where: <date code> and <version> are as defined for 0704-1412 <number> is a five-digit number ]] local function arxiv (options) local id = options.id; local class = options.Class; -- TODO: lowercase? local handler = options.handler; local year, month, version; local err_msg = false; -- assume no error message local text; -- output text if id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 9107-0703 format with or without version year, month = id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((not (90 < year or 8 > year)) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) or -- if invalid year or invalid month ((91 == year and 7 > month) or (7 == year and 3 < month)) then -- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok? err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end elseif id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 0704-1412 with or without version year, month = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((7 > year) or (14 < year) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) or -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years) ((7 == year) and (4 > month)) then -- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)? err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end elseif id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 1501- format with or without version year, month = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((15 > year) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) then -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years) err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end else err_msg = true; -- not a recognized format; flag for error message end if err_msg then options.coins_list_t['ARXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end local err_msg_t = {}; if err_msg then set_message ('err_bad_arxiv'); end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); if is_set (class) then if id:match ('^%d+') then text = table.concat ({text, ' [[https://arxiv.org/archive/', class, ' ', class, ']]'}); -- external link within square brackets, not wikilink else set_message ('err_class_ignored'); end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< B I B C O D E >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Validates (sort of) and formats a bibcode ID. Format for bibcodes is specified here: https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html#bibcodes But, this: 2015arXiv151206696F is apparently valid so apparently, the only things that really matter are length, 19 characters and first four digits must be a year. This function makes these tests: length must be 19 characters characters in position 1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year 5 must be a letter 6–8 must be letter, digit, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &. ) 9–18 must be letter, digit, or dot 19 must be a letter or dot ]] local function bibcode (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local err_type; local err_msg = ''; local year; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); if 19 ~= id:len() then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.length; else year = id:match ("^(%d%d%d%d)[%a][%w&%.][%w&%.][%w&%.][%w.]+[%a%.]$"); if not year then -- if nil then no pattern match err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.value; -- so value error else local next_year = tonumber (os.date ('%Y')) + 1; -- get the current year as a number and add one for next year year = tonumber (year); -- convert year portion of bibcode to a number if (1000 > year) or (year > next_year) then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.year; -- year out of bounds end if id:find('&%.') then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.journal; -- journal abbreviation must not have '&.' (if it does it's missing a letter) end if id:match ('.........%.tmp%.') then -- temporary bibcodes when positions 10–14 are '.tmp.' set_message ('maint_bibcode'); end end end if is_set (err_type) and not ignore_invalid then -- if there was an error detected and accept-as-written markup not used set_message ('err_bad_bibcode', {err_type}); options.coins_list_t['BIBCODE'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< B I O R X I V >----------------------------------------------------------------- Format bioRxiv ID and do simple error checking. Before 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs were 10.1101/ followed by exactly 6 digits. After 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs retained the six-digit identifier but prefixed that with a yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier. The bioRxiv ID is the string of characters: https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 -> 10.1101/078733 or a date followed by a six-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 -> 10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 see https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv ]] local function biorxiv (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local err_msg = true; -- flag; assume that there will be an error local patterns = { '^10%.1101/%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- simple 6-digit identifier (before 2019-12-11) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (after 2019-12-11) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (after 2019-12-11) } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through the patterns looking for a match if id:match (pattern) then local y, m, d = id:match (pattern); -- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier if m then -- m is nil when id is the six-digit form if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then -- validate the encoded date; 'b' for biorxiv limit break; -- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message end end err_msg = nil; -- we found a match so unset the error message break; -- and done end end -- err_cat remains set here when no match if err_msg then options.coins_list_t['BIORXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_biorxiv'); -- and set the error message end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< C I T E S E E R X >------------------------------------------------------------ CiteSeerX use their own notion of "doi" (not to be confused with the identifiers resolved via doi.org). The description of the structure of this identifier can be found at Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_26#CiteSeerX_id_structure ]] local function citeseerx (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local matched; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); matched = id:match ("^10%.1%.1%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?$"); if not matched then set_message ('err_bad_citeseerx' ); options.coins_list_t['CITESEERX'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< D O I >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors. DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix. If the DOI name contains spaces or endashes, or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message. DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash, and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in DOI names. https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html -- 2.2 Syntax of a DOI name https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html#2.2.2 -- 2.2.2 DOI prefix ]] local function doi (options) local id = options.id; local inactive = options.DoiBroken local access = options.access; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; local text; if is_set (inactive) then local inactive_year = inactive:match("%d%d%d%d"); -- try to get the year portion from the inactive date local inactive_month, good; if is_set (inactive_year) then if 4 < inactive:len() then -- inactive date has more than just a year (could be anything) local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- get a language object for this wiki good, inactive_month = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'F', inactive); -- try to get the month name from the inactive date if not good then inactive_month = nil; -- something went wrong so make sure this is unset end end end -- otherwise, |doi-broken-date= has something but it isn't a date if is_set (inactive_year) and is_set (inactive_month) then set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, inactive_month, ' '}); elseif is_set (inactive_year) then set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, '', ''}); else set_message ('maint_doi_inactive'); end inactive = " (" .. cfg.messages['inactive'] .. ' ' .. inactive .. ')'; end local registrant = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.([^/]+)/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$'); -- registrant set when DOI has the proper basic form local registrant_err_patterns = { -- these patterns are for code ranges that are not supported '^[^1-3]%d%d%d%d%.%d+$', -- 5 digits with subcode (0xxxx, 40000+); accepts: 10000–39999 '^[^1-6]%d%d%d%d$', -- 5 digits without subcode (0xxxx, 60000+); accepts: 10000–69999 '^[^1-9]%d%d%d%.%d+$', -- 4 digits with subcode (0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999 '^[^1-9]%d%d%d$', -- 4 digits without subcode (0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999 '^%d%d%d%d%d%d+', -- 6 or more digits '^%d%d?%d?$', -- less than 4 digits without subcode (3 digits with subcode is legitimate) '^%d%d?%.[%d%.]+', -- 1 or 2 digits with subcode '^5555$', -- test registrant will never resolve '[^%d%.]', -- any character that isn't a digit or a dot } if not ignore_invalid then if registrant then -- when DOI has proper form for i, pattern in ipairs (registrant_err_patterns) do -- spin through error patterns if registrant:match (pattern) then -- to validate registrant codes err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_doi'); -- when found, mark this DOI as bad break; -- and done end end else err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_doi'); -- invalid directory or malformed end else set_message ('maint_doi_ignore'); end if err_flag then options.coins_list_t['DOI'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access, auto_link = not (err_flag or is_set (inactive) or ignore_invalid) and 'doi' or nil -- do not auto-link when |doi-broken-date= has a value or when there is a DOI error or (to play it safe, after all, auto-linking is not essential) when invalid DOIs are ignored }) .. (inactive or ''); return text; end --[[--------------------------< H D L >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Formats an HDL with minor error checking. HDL names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. Prefix: character string using any character in the UCS-2 character set except '/' Suffix: character string of any length using any character in the UCS-2 character set chosen by the registrant This function checks a HDL name for: prefix/suffix. If the HDL name contains spaces, endashes, or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_hdl error message. HDL names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for endashes and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in HDLs. Query string parameters are named here: https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html. query strings are not displayed but since '?' is an allowed character in an HDL, '?' followed by one of the query parameters is the only way we have to detect the query string so that it isn't URL-encoded with the rest of the identifier. ]] local function hdl (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local query_params = { -- list of known query parameters from https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html 'noredirect', 'ignore_aliases', 'auth', 'cert', 'index', 'type', 'urlappend', 'locatt', 'action', } local hdl, suffix, param = id:match ('(.-)(%?(%a+).+)$'); -- look for query string local found; if hdl then -- when there are query strings, this is the handle identifier portion for _, q in ipairs (query_params) do -- spin through the list of query parameters if param:match ('^' .. q) then -- if the query string begins with one of the parameters found = true; -- announce a find break; -- and stop looking end end end if found then id = hdl; -- found so replace id with the handle portion; this will be URL-encoded, suffix will not else suffix = ''; -- make sure suffix is empty string for concatenation else end local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, suffix = suffix, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}) if nil == id:match("^[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$") then -- HDL must contain a forward slash, must not contain spaces, endashes, and must not end with period or comma set_message ('err_bad_hdl' ); options.coins_list_t['HDL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< I S B N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Determines whether an ISBN string is valid ]] local function isbn (options) local isbn_str = options.id; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local handler = options.handler; local function return_result (check, err_type) -- local function to handle the various returns local ISBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator}); if ignore_invalid then -- if ignoring ISBN errors set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore'); -- add a maint category even when there is no error else -- here when not ignoring if not check then -- and there is an error options.coins_list_t['ISBN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_isbn', err_type); -- set an error message return ISBN; -- return id text end end return ISBN; -- return id text end if nil ~= isbn_str:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X end local id = isbn_str:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace local len = id:len(); if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length); -- fail if incorrect length end if len == 10 then if id:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then -- fail if isbn_str has 'X' anywhere but last position return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form); end if not is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then -- test isbn-10 for numerical validity return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.check); -- fail if isbn-10 is not numerically valid end if id:find ('^63[01]') then -- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not valid isbn group ids but are used by amazon as numeric identifiers (asin) return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group); -- fail if isbn-10 begins with 630/1 end return return_result (true, cfg.err_msg_supl.check); -- pass if isbn-10 is numerically valid else if id:match ('^%d+$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if ISBN-13 is not all digits end if id:match ('^97[89]%d*$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.prefix); -- fail when ISBN-13 does not begin with 978 or 979 end if id:match ('^9790') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group); -- group identifier '0' is reserved to ISMN end return return_result (is_valid_isxn_13 (id), cfg.err_msg_supl.check); end end --[[--------------------------< A S I N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Formats a link to Amazon. Do simple error checking: ASIN must be mix of 10 numeric or uppercase alpha characters. If a mix, first character must be uppercase alpha; if all numeric, ASINs must be 10-digit ISBN. If 10-digit ISBN, add a maintenance category so a bot or AWB script can replace |asin= with |isbn=. Error message if not 10 characters, if not ISBN-10, if mixed and first character is a digit. |asin=630....... and |asin=631....... are (apparently) not a legitimate ISBN though it checksums as one; these do not cause this function to emit the maint_asin message This function is positioned here because it calls isbn() ]] local function asin (options) local id = options.id; local domain = options.ASINTLD; local err_flag; if not id:match("^[%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u]$") then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN is not a mix of 10 uppercase alpha and numeric characters else if id:match("^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$") then -- if 10-digit numeric (or 9 digits with terminal X) if is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then -- see if ASIN value is or validates as ISBN-10 if not id:find ('^63[01]') then -- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not a valid isbn prefixes but are used by amazon as a numeric identifier err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN has ISBN-10 form but begins with something other than 630/1 so probably an isbn end elseif not is_set (err_flag) then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN is not ISBN-10 end elseif not id:match("^%u[%d%u]+$") then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- asin doesn't begin with uppercase alpha end end if (not is_set (domain)) or in_array (domain, {'us'}) then -- default: United States domain = "com"; elseif in_array (domain, {'jp', 'uk'}) then -- Japan, United Kingdom domain = "co." .. domain; elseif in_array (domain, {'z.cn'}) then -- China domain = "cn"; elseif in_array (domain, {'au', 'br', 'mx', 'sg', 'tr'}) then -- Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Turkey domain = "com." .. domain; elseif not in_array (domain, {'ae', 'ca', 'cn', 'de', 'es', 'fr', 'in', 'it', 'nl', 'pl', 'sa', 'se', 'co.jp', 'co.uk', 'com', 'com.au', 'com.br', 'com.mx', 'com.sg', 'com.tr'}) then -- Arabic Emirates, Canada, China, Germany, Spain, France, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden (as of 2021-03 Austria (.at), Liechtenstein (.li) and Switzerland (.ch) still redirect to the German site (.de) with special settings, so don't maintain local ASINs for them) err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin_tld'); -- unsupported asin-tld value end local handler = options.handler; if not is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = handler.prefix .. domain .. "/dp/" .. id; -- asin for coins else options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix .. domain .. "/dp/", id = id, encode = handler.encode, separator = handler.separator}) end --[[--------------------------< I S M N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Determines whether an ISMN string is valid. Similar to ISBN-13, ISMN is 13 digits beginning 979-0-... and uses the same check digit calculations. See https://www.ismn-international.org/download/Web_ISMN_Users_Manual_2008-6.pdf section 2, pages 9–12. ismn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx) or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:) ]] local function ismn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local text; local valid_ismn = true; local id_copy; id_copy = id; -- save a copy because this testing is destructive id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and white space if 13 ~= id:len() or id:match ("^9790%d*$" ) == nil then -- ISMN must be 13 digits and begin with 9790 valid_ismn = false; else valid_ismn=is_valid_isxn_13 (id); -- validate ISMN end -- text = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, -- use this (or external version) when there is some place to link to -- prefix = handler.prefix, id = id_copy, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) text = table.concat ( -- because no place to link to yet { make_wikilink (link_label_make (handler), handler.label), handler.separator, id_copy }); if false == valid_ismn then options.coins_list_t['ISMN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because ismn not made part of COinS set_message ('err_bad_ismn'); -- create an error message if the ISMN is invalid end return text; end --[[--------------------------< I S S N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Validate and format an ISSN. This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four digits with a space. When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this: |issn=0819 4327 gives: [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327] -- can't have spaces in an external link This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the ISSN midpoint. It also validates the ISSN for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value. Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check ISSN error message. The ISSN is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the ISSN was given as a single group of 8 digits. ]] local function issn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local issn_copy = id; -- save a copy of unadulterated ISSN; use this version for display if ISSN does not validate local text; local valid_issn = true; id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match ("^%d*X?$" ) then -- validate the ISSN: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position valid_issn = false; -- wrong length or improper character else valid_issn = is_valid_isxn (id, 8); -- validate ISSN end if true == valid_issn then id = string.sub (id, 1, 4 ) .. "-" .. string.sub (id, 5 ); -- if valid, display correctly formatted version else id = issn_copy; -- if not valid, show the invalid ISSN with error message end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) if ignore_invalid then set_message ('maint_issn_ignore'); else if false == valid_issn then options.coins_list_t['ISSN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_issn', (options.hkey == 'EISSN') and 'e' or ''); -- create an error message if the ISSN is invalid end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< J F M >----------------------------------------------------------------------- A numerical identifier in the form nn.nnnn.nn ]] local function jfm (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; id_num = id:match ('^[Jj][Ff][Mm](.*)$'); -- identifier with jfm prefix; extract identifier if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_jfm_format'); else -- plain number without JFM prefix id_num = id; -- if here id does not have prefix end if id_num and id_num:match('^%d%d%.%d%d%d%d%.%d%d$') then id = id_num; -- jfm matches pattern else set_message ('err_bad_jfm' ); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['JFM'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< J S T O R >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Format a JSTOR with some error checking ]] local function jstor (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; if id:find ('[Jj][Ss][Tt][Oo][Rr]') or id:find ('^https?://') or id:find ('%s') then set_message ('err_bad_jstor'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['JSTOR'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< L C C N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format LCCN link and do simple error checking. LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits. https://oclc-research.github.io/infoURI-Frozen/info-uri.info/info:lccn/reg.html length = 8 then all digits length = 9 then lccn[1] is lowercase alpha length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha or both digits length = 11 then lccn[1] is lower case alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both lowercase alpha or both digits length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha ]] local function lccn (options) local lccn = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; -- presume that LCCN is valid local id = lccn; -- local copy of the LCCN id = normalize_lccn (id); -- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes) local len = id:len(); -- get the length of the LCCN if 8 == len then if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- set an error message end elseif 9 == len then -- LCCN should be adddddddd if nil == id:match("%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- does it match our pattern? err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- set an error message end elseif 10 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ... if nil == id:match("^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- ... see if it matches our pattern err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end end elseif 11 == len then -- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd if not (id:match("^%l%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") or id:match("^%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d")) then -- see if it matches one of our patterns err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end elseif 12 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddddd if not id:match("^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- see if it matches our pattern err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end else err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- wrong length, set an error message end if not is_set (err_flag) and nil ~= lccn:find ('%s') then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- lccn contains a space, set an error message end if is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['LCCN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = lccn, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< M E D R X I V >----------------------------------------------------------------- Format medRxiv ID and do simple error checking. Similar to later bioRxiv IDs, medRxiv IDs are prefixed with a yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier. Ealiest date accepted is 2020.01.01 The medRxiv ID is a date followed by an eight-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 -> 10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 ]] local function medrxiv (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local err_msg_flag = true; -- flag; assume that there will be an error local patterns = { '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- simple 8-digit identifier; these should be relatively rare '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2020-01-01 and later) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2020-01-01 and later) } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through the patterns looking for a match if id:match (pattern) then local y, m, d = id:match (pattern); -- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier if m then -- m is nil when id is the 8-digit form if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then -- validate the encoded date; 'b' for medrxiv limit break; -- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message end end err_msg_flag = nil; -- we found a match so unset the error message break; -- and done end end -- <err_msg_flag> remains set here when no match if err_msg_flag then options.coins_list_t['MEDRXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_medrxiv'); -- and set the error message end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< M R >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A seven digit number; if not seven digits, zero-fill leading digits to make seven digits. ]] local function mr (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local id_len; id_num = id:match ('^[Mm][Rr](%d+)$'); -- identifier with mr prefix if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_mr_format'); -- add maint cat else -- plain number without mr prefix id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- if here id is all digits end id_len = id_num and id_num:len() or 0; if (7 >= id_len) and (0 ~= id_len) then id = string.rep ('0', 7-id_len) .. id_num; -- zero-fill leading digits else set_message ('err_bad_mr'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['MR'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< O C L C >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Validate and format an OCLC ID. https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html {{dead link}} archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20161228233804/https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html ]] local function oclc (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local number; if id:match('^ocm%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- ocm prefix and 8 digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('ocm(%d+)'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^ocn%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- ocn prefix and 9 digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('ocn(%d+)'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^on%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+$') then -- on prefix and 10 or more digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('^on(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+)$'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^%(OCoLC%)[1-9]%d*$') then -- (OCoLC) prefix and variable number digits; no leading zeros; 035 field number = id:match('%(OCoLC%)([1-9]%d*)'); -- get the number if 9 < number:len() then number = nil; -- constrain to 1 to 9 digits; change this when OCLC issues 10-digit numbers end elseif id:match('^%d+$') then -- no prefix number = id; -- get the number if tonumber (id) > handler.id_limit then number = nil; -- unset when id value exceeds the limit end end if number then -- proper format id = number; -- exclude prefix, if any, from external link else set_message ('err_bad_oclc') -- add an error message if the id is malformed options.coins_list_t['OCLC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< O P E N L I B R A R Y >-------------------------------------------------------- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors. ]] local function openlibrary (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local ident, code = id:gsub('^OL', ''):match("^(%d+([AMW]))$"); -- strip optional OL prefix followed immediately by digits followed by 'A', 'M', or 'W'; local err_flag; local prefix = { -- these are appended to the handler.prefix according to code ['A']='authors/OL', ['M']='books/OL', ['W']='works/OL', ['X']='OL' -- not a code; spoof when 'code' in id is invalid }; if not ident then code = 'X'; -- no code or id completely invalid ident = id; -- copy id to ident so that we display the flawed identifier err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_ol'); end if not is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['OL'] = handler.prefix .. prefix[code] .. ident; -- experiment for ol coins else options.coins_list_t['OL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix .. prefix[code], id = ident, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< O S T I >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format OSTI and do simple error checking. OSTIs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the OSTI to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration; the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more OSTIs are issued. NB. 1018 is the lowest OSTI number found in the wild (so far) and resolving OK on the OSTI site ]] local function osti (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if OSTI has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_osti'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- OSTI is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1018 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if OSTI is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_osti'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< P M C >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles. The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not be linked to the article. If the embargo date is today or in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix. PMC embargo date testing is done in function is_embargoed () which is called earlier because when the citation has |pmc=<value> but does not have a |url= then |title= is linked with the PMC link. Function is_embargoed () returns the embargo date if the PMC article is still embargoed, otherwise it returns an empty string. PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued. ]] local function pmc (options) local id = options.id; local embargo = options.Embargo; -- TODO: lowercase? local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^[Pp][Mm][Cc](%d+)$'); -- identifier with PMC prefix if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_pmc_format'); else -- plain number without PMC prefix id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- if here id is all digits end if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc'); -- set an error message else id = tostring (id_num); -- make sure id is a string end else -- when id format incorrect err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc'); -- set an error message end if is_set (embargo) and is_set (is_embargoed (embargo)) then -- is PMC is still embargoed? text = table.concat ( -- still embargoed so no external link { make_wikilink (link_label_make (handler), handler.label), handler.separator, id, }); else text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, -- no embargo date or embargo has expired, ok to link to article prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access, auto_link = not err_flag and 'pmc' or nil -- do not auto-link when PMC has error }); end if err_flag then options.coins_list_t['PMC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< P M I D >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format PMID and do simple error checking. PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued. ]] local function pmid (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMID has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_pmid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- PMID is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_pmid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< R F C >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Format RFC and do simple error checking. RFCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the RFC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration; the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more RFCs are issued. An index of all RFCs is here: https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/ ]] local function rfc (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if RFC has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_rfc'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- RFC is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if RFC is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_rfc'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< S 2 C I D >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Format an S2CID, do simple error checking S2CIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the S2CID to see that it is only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more S2CIDs are issued. ]] local function s2cid (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^[1-9]%d*$'); -- id must be all digits; must not begin with 0; no open access flag if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if S2CID is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_s2cid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end else -- when id format incorrect set_message ('err_bad_s2cid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); return text; end --[[--------------------------< S B N >------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9-digit form of ISBN-10; uses same check-digit validation when SBN is prefixed with an additional '0' to make 10 digits sbn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx) or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:) ]] local function sbn (options) local id = options.id; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local handler = options.handler; local function return_result (check, err_type) -- local function to handle the various returns local SBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator}); if not ignore_invalid then -- if not ignoring SBN errors if not check then options.coins_list_t['SBN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because sbn not made part of COinS set_message ('err_bad_sbn', {err_type}); -- display an error message return SBN; end else set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore'); -- add a maint category even when there is no error (ToDo: Possibly switch to separate message for SBNs only) end return SBN; end if id:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if SBN contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X end local ident = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace; they interfere with the rest of the tests if 9 ~= ident:len() then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length); -- fail if incorrect length end if ident:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form); -- fail if SBN has 'X' anywhere but last position end return return_result (is_valid_isxn ('0' .. ident, 10), cfg.err_msg_supl.check); end --[[--------------------------< S S R N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format an SSRN, do simple error checking SSRNs are sequential numbers beginning at 100? and counting up. This code checks the SSRN to see that it is only digits and is greater than 99 and less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more SSRNs are issued. ]] local function ssrn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- id must be all digits if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if 100 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if SSRN is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_ssrn'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end else -- when id format incorrect set_message ('err_bad_ssrn'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = options.access}); return text; end --[[--------------------------< U S E N E T _ I D >------------------------------------------------------------ Validate and format a usenet message id. Simple error checking, looks for 'id-left@id-right' not enclosed in '<' and/or '>' angle brackets. ]] local function usenet_id (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) if not id:match('^.+@.+$') or not id:match('^[^<].*[^>]$') then -- doesn't have '@' or has one or first or last character is '< or '>' set_message ('err_bad_usenet_id') -- add an error message if the message id is invalid options.coins_list_t['USENETID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< Z B L >----------------------------------------------------------------------- A numerical identifier in the form nnnn.nnnnn - leading zeros in the first quartet optional format described here: http://emis.mi.sanu.ac.rs/ZMATH/zmath/en/help/search/ temporary format is apparently eight digits. Anything else is an error ]] local function zbl (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- is this identifier using temporary format? set_message ('maint_zbl'); -- yes, add maint cat elseif not id:match('^%d?%d?%d?%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- not temporary, is it normal format? set_message ('err_bad_zbl'); -- no, set an error message options.coins_list_t['ZBL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --============================<< I N T E R F A C E F U N C T I O N S >>========================================== --[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ I D S >------------------------------------------------------------ Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings. Loops through cfg.id_handlers and searches args for any of the parameters listed in each cfg.id_handlers['...'].parameters. If found, adds the parameter and value to the identifier list. Emits redundant error message if more than one alias exists in args ]] local function extract_ids (args) local id_list = {}; -- list of identifiers found in args for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do -- k is uppercase identifier name as index to cfg.id_handlers; e.g. cfg.id_handlers['ISBN'], v is a table v = select_one (args, v.parameters, 'err_redundant_parameters' ); -- v.parameters is a table of aliases for k; here we pick one from args if present if is_set (v) then id_list[k] = v; end -- if found in args, add identifier to our list end return id_list; end --[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ I D _ A C C E S S _ L E V E L S >-------------------------------------- Fetches custom id access levels from arguments using configuration settings. Parameters which have a predefined access level (e.g. arxiv) do not use this function as they are directly rendered as free without using an additional parameter. returns a table of k/v pairs where k is same as the identifier's key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned (valid) keyword access-level values must match the case used in cfg.keywords_lists['id-access'] (lowercase unless there is some special reason for something else) ]] local function extract_id_access_levels (args, id_list) local id_accesses_list = {}; for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do local access_param = v.custom_access; -- name of identifier's access-level parameter if is_set (access_param) then local access_level = args[access_param]; -- get the assigned value if there is one if is_set (access_level) then if not in_array (access_level, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then -- exact match required set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {access_param, access_level}); access_level = nil; -- invalid so unset end if not is_set (id_list[k]) then -- identifier access-level must have a matching identifier set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {k:lower()}); -- parameter name is uppercase in cfg.id_handlers (k); lowercase for error message end id_accesses_list[k] = cfg.keywords_xlate[access_level]; -- get translated keyword end end end return id_accesses_list; end --[[--------------------------< B U I L D _ I D _ L I S T >---------------------------------------------------- render the identifiers into a sorted sequence table <ID_list_coins_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value <options_t> is a table of various k/v option pairs provided in the call to new_build_id_list(); modified by this function and passed to all identifier rendering functions <access_levels_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value (if valid) returns a sequence table of sorted (by hkey - 'handler' key) rendered identifier strings ]] local function build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, access_levels_t) local ID_list_t = {}; local accept; local func_map = { --function map points to functions associated with hkey identifier ['ARXIV'] = arxiv, ['ASIN'] = asin, ['BIBCODE'] = bibcode, ['BIORXIV'] = biorxiv, ['CITESEERX'] = citeseerx, ['DOI'] = doi, ['EISSN'] = issn, ['HDL'] = hdl, ['ISBN'] = isbn, ['ISMN'] = ismn, ['ISSN'] = issn, ['JFM'] = jfm, ['JSTOR'] = jstor, ['LCCN'] = lccn, ['MEDRXIV'] = medrxiv, ['MR'] = mr, ['OCLC'] = oclc, ['OL'] = openlibrary, ['OSTI'] = osti, ['PMC'] = pmc, ['PMID'] = pmid, ['RFC'] = rfc, ['S2CID'] = s2cid, ['SBN'] = sbn, ['SSRN'] = ssrn, ['USENETID'] = usenet_id, ['ZBL'] = zbl, } for hkey, v in pairs (ID_list_coins_t) do v, accept = has_accept_as_written (v); -- remove accept-as-written markup if present; accept is boolean true when markup removed; false else -- every function gets the options table with value v and accept boolean options_t.hkey = hkey; -- ~/Configuration handler key options_t.id = v; -- add that identifier value to the options table options_t.accept = accept; -- add the accept boolean flag options_t.access = access_levels_t[hkey]; -- add the access level for those that have an |<identifier-access= parameter options_t.handler = cfg.id_handlers[hkey]; options_t.coins_list_t = ID_list_coins_t; -- pointer to ID_list_coins_t; for |asin= and |ol=; also to keep erroneous values out of the citation's metadata options_t.coins_list_t[hkey] = v; -- id value without accept-as-written markup for metadata if options_t.handler.access and not in_array (options_t.handler.access, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_access'] .. options_t.handler.access); -- here when handler access key set to a value not listed in list of allowed id access keywords end if func_map[hkey] then local id_text = func_map[hkey] (options_t); -- call the function to get identifier text and any error message table.insert (ID_list_t, {hkey, id_text}); -- add identifier text to the output sequence table else error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_key'] .. hkey); -- here when func_map doesn't have a function for hkey end end local function comp (a, b) -- used by following table.sort() return a[1]:lower() < b[1]:lower(); -- sort by hkey end table.sort (ID_list_t, comp); -- sequence table of tables sort for k, v in ipairs (ID_list_t) do -- convert sequence table of tables to simple sequence table of strings ID_list_t[k] = v[2]; -- v[2] is the identifier rendering from the call to the various functions in func_map{} end return ID_list_t; end --[[--------------------------< O P T I O N S _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------------- check that certain option parameters have their associated identifier parameters with values <ID_list_coins_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value <ID_support_t> is a sequence table of tables created in citation0() where each subtable has four elements: [1] is the support parameter's assigned value; empty string if not set [2] is a text string same as key in cfg.id_handlers [3] is cfg.error_conditions key used to create error message [4] is original ID support parameter name used to create error message returns nothing; on error emits an appropriate error message ]] local function options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t) for _, v in ipairs (ID_support_t) do if is_set (v[1]) and not ID_list_coins_t[v[2]] then -- when support parameter has a value but matching identifier parameter is missing or empty set_message (v[3], (v[4])); -- emit the appropriate error message end end end --[[--------------------------< I D E N T I F I E R _ L I S T S _ G E T >-------------------------------------- Creates two identifier lists: a k/v table of identifiers and their values to be used locally and for use in the COinS metadata, and a sequence table of the rendered identifier strings that will be included in the rendered citation. ]] local function identifier_lists_get (args_t, options_t, ID_support_t) local ID_list_coins_t = extract_ids (args_t); -- get a table of identifiers and their values for use locally and for use in COinS options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t); -- ID support parameters must have matching identifier parameters local ID_access_levels_t = extract_id_access_levels (args_t, ID_list_coins_t); -- get a table of identifier access levels local ID_list_t = build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, ID_access_levels_t); -- get a sequence table of rendered identifier strings return ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t; -- return the tables end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written; -- import functions from select Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message; select_one = utilities_page_ptr.select_one; substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute; make_wikilink = utilities_page_ptr.make_wikilink; z = utilities_page_ptr.z; -- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { auto_link_urls = auto_link_urls, -- table of identifier URLs to be used when auto-linking |title= identifier_lists_get = identifier_lists_get, -- experiment to replace individual calls to build_id_list(), extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels is_embargoed = is_embargoed; set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules; } 73vdzq08sflt35x53xns1mv63pkq88c 828 6214 24584 2023-11-21T22:00:38Z 2601:18E:C67F:960:4486:8C6D:3DD7:CBE1 ገጽ ምስ «--[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E >-----------------------------...» ተፈጢሩ Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E >---------------------------------------------- Makes a title for COinS from Title and / or ScriptTitle (or any other name-script pairs) Apostrophe markup (bold, italics) is stripped from each value so that the COinS metadata isn't corrupted with strings of %27%27... ]] local function make_coins_title (title, script) title = has_accept_as_written (title); if is_set (title) then title = strip_apostrophe_markup (title); -- strip any apostrophe markup else title = ''; -- if not set, make sure title is an empty string end if is_set (script) then script = script:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', ''); -- remove language prefix if present (script value may now be empty string) script = strip_apostrophe_markup (script); -- strip any apostrophe markup else script = ''; -- if not set, make sure script is an empty string end if is_set (title) and is_set (script) then script = ' ' .. script; -- add a space before we concatenate end return title .. script; -- return the concatenation end --[[--------------------------< E S C A P E _ L U A _ M A G I C _ C H A R S >---------------------------------- Returns a string where all of Lua's magic characters have been escaped. This is important because functions like string.gsub() treat their pattern and replace strings as patterns, not literal strings. ]] local function escape_lua_magic_chars (argument) argument = argument:gsub("%%", "%%%%"); -- replace % with %% argument = argument:gsub("([%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])", "%%%1"); -- replace all other Lua magic pattern characters return argument; end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ C O I N S _ P A G E S >------------------------------------------------ Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS. ]] local function get_coins_pages (pages) local pattern; if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end -- if no page numbers then we're done while true do pattern = pages:match("%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]"); -- pattern is the opening bracket, the URL and following space(s): "[url " if nil == pattern then break; end -- no more URLs pattern = escape_lua_magic_chars (pattern); -- pattern is not a literal string; escape Lua's magic pattern characters pages = pages:gsub(pattern, ""); -- remove as many instances of pattern as possible end pages = pages:gsub("[%[%]]", ""); -- remove the brackets pages = pages:gsub("–", "-" ); -- replace endashes with hyphens pages = pages:gsub("&%w+;", "-" ); -- and replace HTML entities (&ndash; etc.) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &#32; and the like? return pages; end --[=[-------------------------< C O I N S _ R E P L A C E _ M A T H _ S T R I P M A R K E R >------------------ There are three options for math markup rendering that depend on the editor's math preference settings. These settings are at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering]] and are PNG images TeX source MathML with SVG or PNG fallback All three are heavy with HTML and CSS which doesn't belong in the metadata. Without this function, the metadata saved in the raw wikitext contained the rendering determined by the settings of the last editor to save the page. This function gets the rendered form of an equation according to the editor's preference before the page is saved. It then searches the rendering for the text equivalent of the rendered equation and replaces the rendering with that so that the page is saved without extraneous HTML/CSS markup and with a reasonably readable text form of the equation. When a replacement is made, this function returns true and the value with replacement; otherwise false and the initial value. To replace multipe equations it is necessary to call this function from within a loop. ]=] local function coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value) local stripmarker = cfg.stripmarkers['math']; local rendering = value:match (stripmarker); -- is there a math stripmarker if not rendering then -- when value doesn't have a math stripmarker, abandon this test return false, value; end rendering = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (rendering); -- convert stripmarker into rendered value (or nil? ''? when math render error) if rendering:match ('alt="[^"]+"') then -- if PNG math option rendering = rendering:match ('alt="([^"]+)"'); -- extract just the math text elseif rendering:match ('$%s+.+%s+%$') then -- if TeX math option; $ is legit character that is escapes as \$ rendering = rendering:match ('$%s+(.+)%s+%$') -- extract just the math text elseif rendering:match ('<annotation[^>]+>.+</annotation>') then -- if MathML math option rendering = rendering:match ('<annotation[^>]+>(.+)</annotation>') -- extract just the math text else return false, value; -- had math stripmarker but not one of the three defined forms end return true, value:gsub (stripmarker, rendering, 1); end --[[--------------------------< C O I N S _ C L E A N U P >---------------------------------------------------- Cleanup parameter values for the metadata by removing or replacing invisible characters and certain HTML entities. 2015-12-10: there is a bug in mw.text.unstripNoWiki (). It replaces math stripmarkers with the appropriate content when it shouldn't. See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121085 and Wikipedia_talk:Lua#stripmarkers_and_mw.text.unstripNoWiki.28.29 TODO: move the replacement patterns and replacement values into a table in /Configuration similar to the invisible characters table? ]] local function coins_cleanup (value) local replaced = true; -- default state to get the do loop running while replaced do -- loop until all math stripmarkers replaced replaced, value = coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value); -- replace math stripmarker with text representation of the equation end value = value:gsub (cfg.stripmarkers['math'], "MATH RENDER ERROR"); -- one or more couldn't be replaced; insert vague error message value = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (value); -- replace nowiki stripmarkers with their content value = value:gsub ('<span class="nowrap" style="padding%-left:0%.1em;">&#39;(s?)</span>', "'%1"); -- replace {{'}} or {{'s}} with simple apostrophe or apostrophe-s value = value:gsub ('&nbsp;', ' '); -- replace &nbsp; entity with plain space value = value:gsub ('\226\128\138', ' '); -- replace hair space with plain space if not mw.ustring.find (value, cfg.indic_script) then -- don't remove zero-width joiner characters from indic script value = value:gsub ('&zwj;', ''); -- remove &zwj; entities value = mw.ustring.gsub (value, '[\226\128\141\226\128\139\194\173]', ''); -- remove zero-width joiner, zero-width space, soft hyphen end value = value:gsub ('[\009\010\013 ]+', ' '); -- replace horizontal tab, line feed, carriage return with plain space return value; end --[[--------------------------< C O I N S >-------------------------------------------------------------------- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) allows automated tools to parse the citation information. ]] local function COinS(data, class) if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then return ''; end for k, v in pairs (data) do -- spin through all of the metadata parameter values if 'ID_list' ~= k and 'Authors' ~= k then -- except the ID_list and Author tables (author nowiki stripmarker done when Author table processed) data[k] = coins_cleanup (v); end end local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004"; -- treat table strictly as an array with only set values. local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, { __newindex = function(self, key, value) if is_set(value) then rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( remove_wiki_link( value ) ) } ); end end }); if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn', 'journal', 'news', 'magazine'}) or (in_array (class, {'conference', 'interview', 'map', 'press release', 'web'}) and is_set(data.Periodical)) or ('citation' == class and is_set(data.Periodical) and not is_set (data.Encyclopedia)) then OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"; -- journal metadata identifier if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) then -- set genre according to the type of citation template we are rendering OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "preprint"; -- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, cite ssrn elseif 'conference' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "conference"; -- cite conference (when Periodical set) elseif 'web' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "unknown"; -- cite web (when Periodical set) else OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "article"; -- journal and other 'periodical' articles end OCinSoutput["rft.jtitle"] = data.Periodical; -- journal only OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title; -- 'periodical' article titles -- these used only for periodicals OCinSoutput["rft.ssn"] = data.Season; -- keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall OCinSoutput["rft.quarter"] = data.Quarter; -- single digits 1->first quarter, etc. OCinSoutput["rft.chron"] = data.Chron; -- free-form date components OCinSoutput["rft.volume"] = data.Volume; -- does not apply to books OCinSoutput["rft.issue"] = data.Issue; OCinSoutput['rft.artnum'] = data.ArticleNumber; -- {{cite journal}} only OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages; -- also used in book metadata elseif 'thesis' ~= class then -- all others except cite thesis are treated as 'book' metadata; genre distinguishes OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"; -- book metadata identifier if 'report' == class or 'techreport' == class then -- cite report and cite techreport OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "report"; elseif 'conference' == class then -- cite conference when Periodical not set OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "conference"; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Chapter; -- conference paper as chapter in proceedings (book) elseif in_array (class, {'book', 'citation', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'map'}) then if is_set (data.Chapter) then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Chapter; -- book chapter, encyclopedia article, interview in a book, or map title else if 'map' == class or 'interview' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = 'unknown'; -- standalone map or interview else OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = 'book'; -- book and encyclopedia end end else -- {'audio-visual', 'AV-media-notes', 'DVD-notes', 'episode', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'press release', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech', 'web'} OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "unknown"; end OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Title; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.place"] = data.PublicationPlace; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.series"] = data.Series; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages; -- book, journal OCinSoutput["rft.edition"] = data.Edition; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.pub"] = data.PublisherName; -- book and dissertation else -- cite thesis OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation"; -- dissertation metadata identifier OCinSoutput["rft.title"] = data.Title; -- dissertation (also patent but that is not yet supported) OCinSoutput["rft.degree"] = data.Degree; -- dissertation only OCinSoutput['rft.inst'] = data.PublisherName; -- book and dissertation end -- NB. Not currently supported are "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dc", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx" -- and now common parameters (as much as possible) OCinSoutput["rft.date"] = data.Date; -- book, journal, dissertation for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do -- what to do about these? For now assume that they are common to all? if k == 'ISBN' then v = v:gsub( "[^-0-9X]", "" ); end local id = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS; if string.sub( id or "", 1, 4 ) == 'info' then -- for ids that are in the info:registry OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ id, "/", v }; elseif string.sub (id or "", 1, 3 ) == 'rft' then -- for isbn, issn, eissn, etc. that have defined COinS keywords OCinSoutput[ id ] = v; elseif 'url' == id then -- for urls that are assembled in ~/Identifiers; |asin= and |ol= OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat ({data.ID_list[k], "#id-name=", cfg.id_handlers[k].label}); elseif id then -- when cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS is not nil so urls created here OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ cfg.id_handlers[k].prefix, v, cfg.id_handlers[k].suffix or '', "#id-name=", cfg.id_handlers[k].label }; -- others; provide a URL and indicate identifier name as #fragment (human-readable, but transparent to browsers) end end local last, first; for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do last, first = coins_cleanup (v.last), coins_cleanup (v.first or ''); -- replace any nowiki stripmarkers, non-printing or invisible characters if k == 1 then -- for the first author name only if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then -- set these COinS values if |first= and |last= specify the first author name OCinSoutput["rft.aulast"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation OCinSoutput["rft.aufirst"] = first; -- book, journal, dissertation elseif is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation -- otherwise use this form for the first name end else -- for all other authors if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = table.concat{ last, ", ", first }; -- book, journal, dissertation elseif is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation end -- TODO: At present we do not report "et al.". Add anything special if this condition applies? end end OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL; OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ "info:sid/", mw.site.server:match( "[^/]*$" ), ":", data.RawPage }; -- TODO: Add optional extra info: -- rfr_dat=#REVISION<version> (referrer private data) -- ctx_id=<data.RawPage>#<ref> (identifier for the context object) -- ctx_tim=<ts> (timestamp in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssTZD or yyyy-mm-dd) -- ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8 (character encoding) OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil ); -- sort with version string always first, and combine. -- table.sort( OCinSoutput ); table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver ); -- such as "Z39.88-2004" return table.concat(OCinSoutput, "&"); end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written; -- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; remove_wiki_link = utilities_page_ptr.remove_wiki_link; strip_apostrophe_markup = utilities_page_ptr.strip_apostrophe_markup; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { make_coins_title = make_coins_title, get_coins_pages = get_coins_pages, COinS = COinS, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, } 9bz6mvz0mzk8yv0c75eqy8rm41au7y9 0 6216 24597 24588 2023-11-26T23:51:03Z 94rain 5847 Nominate the page for deletion: no meaningful content or history wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|no meaningful content or history}}     6r2nj4sp7amwqjrpbq15sic78p9z1qr 0 6217 24590 2023-11-25T06:04:30Z Afaan oromoo guddisii 8764 Created by translating the page "[[:om:Special:Redirect/revision/41741|Buxusa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣቶማት''' ኣዝዮም ንኣሽቱ ንጥረ ናይ መሰረት ንጥረ ነገር እዮም፣ መሰረታዊ ህንጻታት ንጥረ ነገር [[ፋይል:He-Atom-Bohr.svg|alt=Two red balls and two white balls are in the middle. Two smaller blue balls are on a circle around them.|thumb| ቀሊል ስእላዊ ስእሊ ናይ ሓደ ኣቶም ሄልየም፣ ክልተ ፕሮቶን (ቀይሕ)፣ ክልተ ኒውትሮን (ጻዕዳ)ን ክልተ ኤሌክትሮንን (ሰማያዊ) ዘለዎ .]] ንኹሉ ዝፍለጥ ይፈጥር። ንእሽቶ ናሙና ናይ ሓደ ባእታ ኮይኑ፡ ናይቲ ባእታ ኬሚካላዊ ባህርያት ዝሓዘ እዩ። ኣቶማት ንምእማኑ ዘጸግም ንኣሽቱ ኮይኖም፡ ብተለምዶ ካብ 0.1 ክሳብ 0.5 ናኖሜተር ዲያሜትር ኣለዎም። ኣቶማት ብሰንኪ ንእሽቶ ስፍሓቶም ብዓይኒ ዘይርኣዩ ኮይኖም ንኽዕዘብዎም ከም መራኽብ ዝኣመሰሉ ፍሉያት መሳርሒታት የድልዮም። ንኣብነት ፡ ወርቂ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣዝዮም ክቡራት ዓይነት ብረት እዩ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣቶማት በይኖም ኣይርከቡን እዮም። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ሓደ ኣቶም ምስ ካልእ ኣቶም ብምትእስሳር ሞለኪዩላዊ ኣካል ይፈጥር። ንኣብነት ክልተ ኣቶማት ሃይድሮጅንን ሓደ ኦክስጅንን ተደሚሮም ሞለኪዩል ማይ ይፈጥሩ። ርሕቀት ዘለዎም ኣቶማት፡ ከይተጋጨዉ ፡ ጋዝ ይኾኑ . ብኣንጻሩ ኣብ ቦታኦም ክሕዙን ክግዕዙን ምስ ዝኽእሉ ጽኑዕ ኣቕሑ ይኾኑ። == ታሪኽ ኣቶሚካዊ ኣምር == ዲሞክሪተስ ነዘን ደቀቕቲ ዘይስበር ሱድስ “ኣቶምስ ” ኢሉ ሰመየን ትርጉሙ ድማ “ዘይምቀሉ” ማለት እዩ። ሓሳብ ዲሞክሪተስ በቲ ኣብቲ እዋን እቲ ፍሉጥ ግሪኻዊ ፈላስፋ ኣሪስቶትል ተቐባልነት ኣይነበሮን። ቅድሚ 2000 ዓመታት ጥንታውያን ግሪኻውያን ፈላስፋታት ዲሞክሪተስን ኣሪስቶትልን ኣብ ፈተነ ዘይተመስረተ ሓሳባት ይካትዑ ነይሮም። ቀንዲ ሞጎቶም ድማ ንጥረ ነገር ተበታቲኑ ንጥረ ነገር ቀጻሊ እዩ ዝብል እዩ ነይሩ። ንኣብነት ነጠብጣብ ማይ፡ ቁራጽ ዋልታ ነሓስ። ብመሰረት ዲሞክራትስ ሓደ ነገር ወሲድና ብቐጻሊ እንተ ቆሪጽናዮ ወይ እንተ ሰቢርናዮ ኣብ መወዳእታ ዝያዳ ክትመቓቐል ዘይትኽእል ሓንቲ ቁራጽ ክንረክብ ኢና። ብኻልእ ኣዘራርባ፡ ነገራት ብንኣሽቱ ንጥረ ነገራት ዝቖሙ እዮም። ስለዚ ንጥረ ነገር ተበታቲኑ እዩ። ዲሞክሪተስ ነዚ እናተመቓቐለ ዝኸይድ ዝነበረ ንጽል ሱዶ ኣቶም ኢሉ ሰመዮ። ኣቶም ካብታ “ኣቶማስ” እትብል ናይ ግሪኽ ቃል ዝመጸ ኮይኑ፡ ትርጉሙ ድማ ብዝያዳ ኣብ ንኣሽቱ ንኡሳን ኣሃዱታቱ ዘይተመቓቐለ ንኡስ ኣሃዱ ማለት እዩ። ዲሞክሪተስ ንኣቶማት ሱዶ ከም ካንተር፡ ውሽጣዊ ኣቃውማ ዘይብሎም፡ ኣብ መንጎኦም ድማ ባዶ ቦታ ወይ ባዶነት ከም ዘለዎም ገሊጽዎም። ብመሰረት ዲሞክሪተስ ኩሉ ነገራት ናይ መወዳእታ ንእሽቶ ሱዶ ዝሓዘ እዩ። ነገራት እንተ ቆሪጽና ክሳብ እዛ ናይ መወዳእታ ንእሽቶ ሱዶ ትበጽሕ ጥራይ ኢና ምቑራጽና ክንቅጽል እንኽእል። '''ኣሪስቶትል''' ብቐጻሊ ነገራት እንተ ቆሪጽናዮም እዚ ምፍልላይ ብዘይ ደረት ክቕጽል እዩ ኢሉ። ንእሽቶ ሻንጣ ፈጺማ የላን። ስለዚ ንጥረ ነገር ቀጻሊ ወይ ዘይቀጻሊ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ መንጎ ንጥረ ነገር ብፍጹም ባዶ ቦታ የለን፤ ንጥረ ነገር ቀጻሊ እዩ። ስለዚ ሕጂ ክምቀል ወይ ናብ ዘይውዳእ ክስበር ይኽእል እዩ ዝብል ሓሳብ ይቃወሞ ነበረ። ኣሪስቶትል ኣብቲ ግዜ እቲ ጐሊሑ ስለ ዝነበረ፡ ንዲሞክሪቶስ ሓሳባቱ ንኺነጽጎ ጸቕጢ ገይሩ እዩ። ዲሞክሪተስ ኣምር ኣቶም ኣብ ዘቕረበሉ እዋን፡ እቲ ናይ ፈተነ ተግባር ኣይፍለጥን ነይሩ። ስለዚ ብዘይካ ኣቀራርባ ነቲ ሓሳብ ብፈተነ ንምድጋፍ ዝተገብረ ፈተነ ኣይነበረን። ይኹን እምበር፡ ሓሳባት ዲሞክራትስ ንኣቶሚካዊ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ ጽቡቕ መበገሲ ኮይኑ ጸኒሑ እዩ። === ኣቶሚካዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ዳልተን === ቅድሚ 2500 ዓመት ኵሉ ነገራት ብኣቶማት ከም ዝቘመ እምነት እኳ እንተ ነበረ፡ ነዚ ሓሳብ እዚ ብፈተነ ንምርግጋጽ ግን ክሳብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን እዩ። ኣብ 1908 ዳልተን ንናይ ፈተነ ርኽበታት ዝድግፍ ናይ መጀመርታ ኣቶሚክ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ ኣቕረበ። እዚ እዋን እዚ፡ ከም በዓል ኣንቶኒላቮይዘርን ጆሴፍ ፕሮስትን ዝኣመሰሉ ብዙሓት ተመራመርቲ ስነ-ፍልጠት፡ ሕግታት ፍልቀት ኬሚካላት ዝረኸቡሉ እዋን እዩ። ዳልተን ብዝረኸብዎ ርኽበታትን ካልእ መጽናዕትን መጽናዕታዊ መርትዖታትን ተደጊፉ፡ ህላወ ኣቶማት ብምግላጽ፡ ናይ መጀመርታ ኣቶሚክ ቲዮሪ ኣሕተመ። ብመሰረት ክልሰ-ሓሳብ ኣቶሚክ ዳልተን፡ ኩሉ ንጥረ ነገር፡ ባእታዊ ይኹን ውሁድ፡ ብኣቶማት ዝበሃሉ ንኣሽቱ ሱድታት ዝቖመ እዩ። ናይ ዳልተን ኣቶሚክ ኣተሓሳስባ ሓሳባት ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ክግለጽ ይከኣል። # ኩሎም ባእታታት ኣቶማት ዝበሃሉ ንኣሽቱ ሱድ ዝሓዙ እዮም። ንኣብነት፡ ባእታ ነሓስ ብኣቶማት ነሓስ ዝቖመ እዩ። # ኣቶማት ተፈላልዮም ኣይኮኑን። ኣቶማት ክጠፍኡ ወይ ክፈጥሩ ኣይክእሉን እዮም። ንኣብነት ኣቶማት ነሓስ ኣይውገዱን ወይ ተኸፋፊሎም ካልኦት ኣቶማት ኣይፈጥሩን። # ኣቶማት ናይ ሓደ ባእታ ሓደ ዓይነት ፊዚካላውን ኬሚካላውን ባህርያት ኣለዎም፣ ክሳብ ክንድዚ ሓዊሱ፤ ማለት ኣብ ኩሉ ሓደ እዮም። # ንኣብነት ኣቶም ነሓስ ብኹሉ መዳይ ምስ ካልኦት ኣቶማት ነሓስ ይመሳሰል። ጽፍሒ ኣቶም ነሓስ ማዕረ ክብደት ካልኦት ኣቶማት ናይቲ ባእታ እዩ።4ኣቶማት ናይ ሓደ ባእታ ካብ ኣቶማት ዝኾነ ካልእ ባእታ ዝተፈላለዩ እዮም። ንኣብነት ኣቶማት ባእታ ካርቦን ካብ ኣቶማት ባእታ ኦክስጅን ዝተፈላለዩ እዮም። ሓደ ካብቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኣቶማት ዝተፈላለዩ ባእታታት ዘሎ ፍልልይ፡ ፍልልይ ዓቐኖም እዩ። # ኣቶማት፣ ብውሑድ ቁጽሪ ሬሾታት ምላሽ ይህቡ። ሓደ ኣቶም ናይ ሓደ ባእታ ምስ ኣቶም ናይ ካልእ ባእታ ክወሃሃድ ከሎ ውሁድ ይፍጠር። ዳልተን ኣብ ክልሰ-ሓሳቡ ኣብ ዝኾነ ውህደት፡ ኣቶማት ናይቶም ኣብቲ ውህደት ዘለዉ ዝተፈላለዩ ባእታታት ብውሑድ ቁጽሪ ሬሾታት ከም ዝራኸቡ ገሊጹ። ንኣብነት ኣብ ውሁድ ማይ፣ሞለኪዩል ማይ ብሓደ ኣቶም ኦክስጅንን ክልተ ኣቶማት ሃይድሮጅንን ዝቖመ እዩ። ሬሾ ሃይድሮጅንን ኦክስጅንን 2:1 እዩ። .. . ብመሰረት ክልሰ-ሓሳብ ዳልተን ኣቶም ኣብ ማእከሉ መንጠልጠሊ ዘለዎ ኣዝዩ ንእሽቶ ክቢ እዩ።ኣቶማት ናይ ሓደ ባእታ ምስ ኣቶማት ካልእ ባእታ ክራኸቡ ከለዉ በዞም መንጠልጠሊታት ተኣሲሮም (ተዘርጊሖም) ውህደት ይፈጥሩ። ኣብ ሓደ ኣቶም ዘሎ ብዝሒ መንጠልጠሊታት ንሓይሊ ምትእስሳሩ ወሳኒ እዩ። ዝተፈላለዩ ክልሰ-ሓሳባት እኳ እንተተቐልቀሉ፡ እቲ ክልሰ-ሓሳብ ግን ኣብ ውጽኢት ሓድሽ ሳይንሳዊ ምርምር ተመርኲሱ ክመሓየሽ ወይ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ክቕየር ይኽእል እዩ። ስለዚ፡ ኣብ ኤሌክትሪክ እተገብረ መጽናዕቲ፡ ኣብ ኵሎም ኣቶማት ኣዝዮም ንኣሽቱ ኣሉታዊ ቻርጅ ዘለዎም ንጥረ ነገራት ከም ዚርከቡ ኣረጋጊጹ እዩ። እዞም ሱድስ ብጆሴፍ ጆን ቶምሰን እዮም ተረኺቦም። ንሳቶም ድማ ብስም ኤሌክትሮናት እዮም ነይሮም። ኣብ ኣቶማት ዝርከቡ ቻርጅ ዘለዎም ንጥረ ነገራት ኤሌክትሮናት ጥራይ ኣይኮኑን። እቲ ፍሉጥ ፊዚከኛ ጎልድስቶን ዝገበሮ ፈተነታት፡ ኣወንታዊ ስውር ማዕበል ኣብ ኣቶማት እውን ከም ዘሎ ኣረጋጊጹ። እዞም ሱድስ ድሒሮም ፕሮቶን ተባሂሎም ተሰይሞም። ካልእ ቻድዊክ ዝተባህለ ሳይንቲስት ኣብ ኣቶማት ካልኦት ቻርጅ ዘይብሎም ሱድታት ከምዘለዉ ረኺቡ። ኒውትሮን ተባሂሎም ተሰይሞም። እዞም ኣብ ንኣሽቱ ኣቶማት ዝርከቡ ሱድስ ብሓባር ፍራግመንት-ኣቶሚክ ሱድስ ተባሂሎም ይፍለጡ። == ኣቶሚክ ኣካል == ኣቶሚካዊ ኣካል ኣብ ክልተ ይምቀል። ሓደ ኣካል ማእከል ኣቶም ኮይኑ ኣወንታዊ ቻርጅ ኣለዎ። ኒውክለስ ኣቶም ይበሃል። እዚ ኣካል እዚ ጅምላ ኣቶም ዝኽዘነሉን ኣዝዩ ንእሽቶ ቦታ ዝሕዝን እዩ። እቲ ኣቶሚክ ማእከል 1/100,000 ካብ ጠቕላላ ኣቶሚክ ጅምላ እዩ። ኣብዚ ኣካል እዚ ፕሮቶንን ኒውትሮንን ይርከቡ። እቲ ካልኣይ ባእታ ድማ እቲ ናይ ጸዓት ጐልጐል እዩ። እቲ ጉላንታ ኣሉታዊ ናይ ምምላእ ጸዓት ኣለዎ ። እቲ ንጣብ ጸዓት ኣብ ዙርያ ኣቶሚክ ኒውክለስ ዝዘውሩ ኤሌክትሮናት ዝሓዘ እዩ። እዚ እቲ ዝለዓለን ዝቐለለን ክፋል ኣቶም እዩ። ኣቶማት ሱዶ ኣዝዮም ንኣሽቱ እዮም። እዞም ሱድስ ካብ ዝኾነ ኣብ ኣእምሮና ኣዝዩ ንእሽቶ ኢልና እንሓስቦ ነገር ይንእሱ። ንኣብነት 100,000 000 ኣቶማት ነሓስ ጎኒ ንጎኒ ተሰሪዖም 1cm ንውሓት ዘለዎ መስመር ይፈጥሩ። ካብዚ ድማ ሓደ ኣቶም ክሳብ ክንደይ ንእሽቶ ምዃኑ ክንግምት ንኽእል። ኣብ ዓለም ዘሎ ኩሉ በዘን ደቀቕቲ ሱድ ዝቖመ እዩ። ሱዶ ኣቶም ኣዝዩ ንእሽቶ እኳ እንተኾነ፡ ፍራግመንት ኣቶማት ዝበሃሉ ንኣሽቱ ሱድስ ዝሓዘ እዩ። ካብቶም ቁንጣሮ-ኣቶሚክ ሱድስ መሰረት ፕሮቶናት፣ ኤሌክትሮናትን ኒውትሮንን እዮም። # '''ፕሮቶናት''' : ፕሮቶናት ኣብ ኒውክለስ ናይ ሓደ ኣቶም ማለት ማእከላይ ሕመረት ናይቲ ኣቶም ዝርከቡ ኣወንታዊ ቻርጅ ዘለዎም ንጥረ ነገራት እዮም። 1 ሄርሜም ዝምዘኑ ኮይኖም +1 ኣሃዱታት ዝኾነ ኣወንታዊ ቻርጅ ይሕዙ። ብዝሒ ፕሮቶናት ነቲ ኣቶም ዝምልከቶ ባእታ ይውስኖ። ንኣብነት ኣቶማት ሃይድሮጅን ሓደ ፕሮቶን ኣለዎም፣ ኣቶማት ካርቦን ሽዱሽተ ፕሮቶን ኣለዎም ወዘተ። # '''ኒውትሮን''' : ኒውትሮን ምስ ፕሮቶናት ኣብ ኒውክለስ ኣቶም ዝርከቡ ገለልተኛታት ንጥረ ነገራት እዮም። 1 ሄርሜም ዝኾነ ጅምላ ዘለዎም ኮይኖም ምስ ፕሮቶን ዝመሳሰሉ ኮይኖም ግን ኤሌክትሪካዊ ቻርጅ የብሎምን። ዝተፈላለዩ ኣይሶቶፕ ናይ ሓደ ባእታ ዝተፈላለየ ቁጽሪ ኒውትሮን ክህልዎም ዝኽእል እኳ እንተኾነ፡ ተመሳሳሊ ቁጽሪ ፕሮቶን ክህልዎም ይኽእል። # '''ኤሌክትሮን''' : ኣብ ፍሉይ ደረጃ ጸዓት ወይ ሸል ኤሌክትሮን ኣብ ዙርያ ኒውክለስ ኣቶም ዝዘውሩ ኣሉታዊ ቻርጅ ዘለዎም ኤሌክትሮናት። ምስ ፕሮቶንን ኒውትሮንን ክነጻጸሩ ከለዉ ትሑት ጅምላ ኣለዎም። ኤሌክትሮናት -1 ኣሃዱ ዝኾነ ኣሉታዊ ቻርጅ ይሕዙ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ቁጽሪ ኤሌክትሮናት ማዕረ ቁጽሪ ፕሮቶናት ኮይኑ፡ ውጽኢቱ ድማ ገለልተኛ ቻርጅ ዘለዎ ኣቶም ይኸውን። ይኹን እምበር ኣቶማት ኤሌክትሮናት ክረኽቡ ወይ ክስእኑ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ እዚ ድማ ጽሩይ ኣወንታዊ ወይ ኣሉታዊ ቻርጅ ዘለዎም ኣዮናት ይፈጥሩ። koy7dw1wi4epsh0v4uirzq6l2cj45dv 0 6218 24591 2023-11-25T06:43:04Z Afaan oromoo guddisii 8764 Created by translating the page "[[:om:Special:Redirect/revision/39386|Falkaalee watootaa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki ምትእኽኻብ ናይቲ ንጥረ ነገር ንጥረ ነቲ ንጥረ ነገር ብከላታት ይውስኖ። ምትእኽኻብን ንጥፈታትን ንጥረ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ብከላታት ንጥረ ነገራት ይፈላለ እዩ። ከከም ምትእኽኻብ ናይ ንጥረ ነገር ንጥረ፡ ንጥረ ነገር ኣብ ሰለስተ በከልቲ ነገራት ይርከብ። ንሳቶም ድማ፡ ደረቕ ነገራት፡ ፈሳስን ጋዛትን እዮም። ንጥረ ነገር ካብ ሓደ ብከላ ናብ ካልእ ክቕየር ይኽእል። ኣብ ምትእኽኻብ ሱድ ዝመጽእ ለውጢ ኣብ ብከላታት ንጥረ ነገራት ለውጢ የስዕብ። == 4 መሰረታዊ ኵነት == === ደረቕ === ደረቕ ነገራት ሓደ ካብቶም ሰለስተ ብከላታት ንጥረ ነገር እዩ። ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም ቅርጽን ባህርያትን ዘለዎምን ክምረዙ ዘይክእሉን ነገራት ደረቕ ይበሃሉ። ጽኑዕ ንጥረ ኣዝዮም ተቐራሪቦም እዮም። ስለዚ ኣብ ደረቕ ነገራት ዝርከቡ ሱድታት ምንቅስቓስ ኣዝዩ ድሩት እዩ። ኣብነት; ጨው ጠረጴዛ፡ ሽኮር፡ ዕንጨይትን ካልእ ከምኡ ዝኣመሰለን እዩ። ኣብ መንጎ ደረቕ ንጥረ ነገራት ዝነበረ ሓያል ናይ ስሕበት ሓይሊ፡ እቶም ደረቕ ነገራት ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም ቅርጽን ምሓዝን ክሕዙ ገይርዎም። ሞለኪዩላቶም ብሓያል ሓይሊ ኣብ ነንሕድሕዶም ስለዝስሓቡ ኣዝዮም ይቀራረቡ። ስለዚ ደረቕ ነገራት ዋላ እቲ ጸቕጢ እንተወሰኸ ክምረዙ ኣይክእሉን እዮም። ኣብ ክሪስታላዊ ደረቕ ነገራት፡ ንጥረ (ኣቶማት፡ ሞለኪዩላት ወይ ኣዮናት) ኩሉ ግዜ ብመስርዕ፡ ብተደጋጋሚ ቅዲ ይኽዘኑ። ዝተፈላለዩ ዝተፈላለዩ ባልሲ(ክሪስታል) ኣቃውማታት ኣለዉ፣ ሓደ ንጥረ ነገር ካብ ሓደ ንላዕሊ ኣቃውማ (ወይ ሶሊድ ፌዝ) ክህልዎ ይኽእል። ንኣብነት፡ ኣካል ማእከል ዝገበረ ኪዩቢክ ቅርጺ ዘለዎ ሓጺን ፡ ሙቐት ትሕቲ 912፡ ገጽ ማእከል ዝገበረ ኪዩቢክ መዋቕር ድማ ካብ 912 ክሳብ 1,394 . በረድ ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ ዝፍለጡ ኣቃውማ ባልሲ ወይ ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ ደረቕ ምዕራፋት ኣለዎ፣ እዚኦም ድማ ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ሙቐትን ጸቕጥን ይርከቡ። === ፈሳሲታት === እቶም ፈሳሲ ንጥረ ብመጠኑ ተፈላልዮም እዮም። ምስ ደረቕ ነገራት ክነጻጸሩ ከለዉ ትሑት ስንባደ ኣለዎም። ኣብ መንጎ ፈሳሲ ንጥረ ኣዝዩ ውሑድ ቦታ ስለዘሎ፡ ደረቕ ፈሳሲታት ክነጻጸሩ ከለዉ ብመጠኑ መርዛማት እዮም። ፈሳሲታት ጽኑዕ ቅርጺ የብሎምን። ኣብቲ ንብረት ዘለዉዎ ቅርጺ ኣለዎም። ኣብነት; ማይ፡ ጸባን ካልእ ከምኡ ዝኣመሰለን እዩ። ንፈሳሲ ሱድ ስእሊ 2.6 ርአ። ስእሊ 2.6 ፈሳሲ ሱድ ፈሳሲ ዝተወሰነ ንብረት ኣለዎ። ሱድ ፈሳሲታት ካብ ናይ ጋዛት ዝያዳ ስለ ዝቐርቡ፡ ጸቕጢ ፈሳሲታት ካብ ናይ ጋዛት ይዓቢ። እቲ ፈሳሲ ክዝርጋሕ እዩ። ብኻልእ ኣዘራርባ፡ ሱድ ናይ ሓደ ዋሕዚ ቀስ ኢሎም ናብቲ ጎረቤት ዋሕዚ ይውሕዙ። ስለዚ ዝርገሐ ፈሳሲ ሱድ ካብ ናይ ጋዛት ዝወሓደ እዩ። === ጋዝ === ምስ ደረቕን ፈሳስን ክነጻጸር እንከሎ፡ ጋዛት ኣዝዩ ትሑት ጸቕጢ ኣለዎም። ምኽንያቱ እቶም ካብኦም ዝፍጠሩ ንጥረ ኣዝዮም ርሒቖም ስለዝኾኑ፤ ይውጥሩ፣ ብናጽነት ይንቀሳቐሱ፣ ይንቀሳቐሱ፣ ይሰፍሑ፣ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም ርጉጽ ምሓዝን ቅርጽን የብሎምን። ኣብነት; ሃይድሮጅን፡ ኣየር፡ ኦክስጅንን እዚን። similar.suds of gases ኣዝዮም ርሒቖም እዮም። ጋዛት ኣብቲ መትሓዚ እንተሃልዮም ነቲ መትሓዚ ይመልእዎ፡ ኣብቲ መትሓዚ እንተዘይሃልዮም ግን ናብ ኣየር ይውሕዙ። ጋዛት ብቕልጡፍ ይዝርግሑን ዝረኸብዎ ቦታ ይሕዙን። ክትነፍሕ ከለኻ እንታይ ይኸውን? እቲ ናብቲ ንፋስ ዝነፍስ ኣየር ንኹሎም ኣብ ውሽጢ ዘለዉ መንፋሕቲ ይሕዞም። እዚ ዝኾነሉ ምኽንያት ድማ እቶም ናይ ጋዝ ንጥረ ስርዓታዊ ውህደት ስለዘይብሎም እዩ። ስእሊ 2.8 ከምዘርእዮ ጋዝ ኣብ ኩሉ ቦታ ክሕዝ ከምዝኽእል ይሕብር። እቲ ነቶም ናይ ጋዝ ንጥረ ብሓባር ዝኣስር ሓይሊ ኣዝዩ ድኹም እዩ። ኮስትሞኦም ኣብ ኣዝዩ ነዊሕ ርሕቀት ነንሕድሕዶም ይስሕቡ። ሱድታቶም ብዙሕ ተቐራሪቦም ዘይኮኑስ ፋሕ ኢሎምን ኣብ ስርዓታዊ ምንቅስቓስን እዮም። ጋዛት ብድኹም ሓይልታት ስለ ዝተኣሳሰሩ፡ ብዘይ ደረት ምንቅስቓስ ናብ ኩሉ ኣንፈት ይዝርግሑ። ልዑል ዝርገሐን መርዛምነትን ኣለዎም። እቶም ጋዛዊ ንጥረ ነገራት ብድኹም መንገዲ ተኣሳሲሮም ስለዘለዉ፡ ግዳማዊ ሓይሊ ኣብ ልዕሊኦም ክግበር ከሎ ይውሓጡ። ባህርያት ንጥረ ነገር ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ብከላታት ሓደ ኣይኮነን። === ፕላዝማ === ፕላዝማ (ካብ [[Giriikii durii|ጥንታዊ ግሪኽኛ]] πλάσμα (plásma) ‘ዝቕረጽ ንጥረ ነገር’) ኣብ ዝኾነ ርክብ ዓቢ ክፋል ሱዶ-ቻርጅ ዘለዎም ኤሌክትሮናት ብምህላዎም ዝልለ እዩ። ኣብ ኣድማስ እቲ ዝበዝሐ መልክዕ ተራ ንጥረ ነገር ኮይኑ፡ ብቐንዱ ምስ ጸሓይ ሓዊሱ ምስ ከዋኽብቲ ዝተኣሳሰር እዩ። pdevoqcro95uu69v1xqqv4vedwt597y 0 6224 24614 2023-12-01T21:37:12Z Amire80 1626 Amire80 moved page [[ዲኔፕሮፔትሮቭስክ]] to [[ዲኔፕሮ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ዲኔፕሮ]] f0aeb145ualpddxkzxhsezneau4d1lc 12 6225 24617 2023-12-05T19:24:10Z 168.169.221.52 ገጽ ምስ «Yuh» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki Yuh 8islkncdi3k0a0j3rgik6g4m4ieg3xx 10 6226 24627 24626 2023-12-05T23:40:00Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 wikitext text/x-wiki Samuel Morningstar Samuel Morningstar is an 18-year-old artist born on February 3, 2005, in Norway. Hailing from Eritrea, Morningstar is a multilingual talent, proficient in 11 languages, including Arabic, Russian, Spanish, Italian, Norsk, English, Mandarin, Tigrinya, German, and Hindi. With a passion for the arts, Samuel has emerged as a promising artist, showcasing a diverse range of creative expressions. Their cultural background and linguistic versatility contribute to the rich tapestry of influences evident in their work. Beyond artistic pursuits, Samuel is an ambassador of cultural exchange, embodying the intersection of heritage and contemporary global perspectives. As a resident of Norway, they bring a unique blend of Scandinavian and Eritrean influences to their artistic endeavors. With a remarkable linguistic repertoire and a burgeoning career in the arts, *[Your Name]* stands as a testament to the power of cultural diversity and creative exploration. --- oaaq0wd4yyzkicz4icd0di9qa6yyv2h 100 6229 24638 2023-12-06T00:07:41Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 ገጽ ምስ «**ቁጠባ:** *ቁጠባ* ናይ ሓደ ህዝቢ ወይ ዞባ ማለት ኣቑሑትን ኣገልግሎታትን ዝፈርዩሉን ዝዝርግሑሉን ዝሃልኹሉን ስርዓት የመልክት። ንሓፈሻዊ ጽቡቕ ሂወትን ምዕባለን ሓደ ሕብረተሰብ ዝድርኹ ፋይናንሳዊ ንጥፈታትን ምትእስሳራትን ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ንሓደ ቁጠባ ንምርዳእ ዝሕግዙ ቁልፊ መዳያ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki **ቁጠባ:** *ቁጠባ* ናይ ሓደ ህዝቢ ወይ ዞባ ማለት ኣቑሑትን ኣገልግሎታትን ዝፈርዩሉን ዝዝርግሑሉን ዝሃልኹሉን ስርዓት የመልክት። ንሓፈሻዊ ጽቡቕ ሂወትን ምዕባለን ሓደ ሕብረተሰብ ዝድርኹ ፋይናንሳዊ ንጥፈታትን ምትእስሳራትን ዘጠቓልል እዩ። ንሓደ ቁጠባ ንምርዳእ ዝሕግዙ ቁልፊ መዳያት እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም፤ **1. ቁጠባዊ ስርዓታት:** - **ቁጠባ ዕዳጋ:** ብቐረብን ጠለብን ዝድረኽ፣ ዋጋታትን ምህርትን ብምርጫን ምርጫን ውልቀሰባት ኣብ ዕዳጋ ዝውሰን እዩ። - **ቁጠባ ትእዛዝ:** ማእከላይ ቁጽጽር መንግስቲ ንፍርያት፣ ምክፍፋልን ዋጋን ይእዝዝ። - **ሕውስዋስ ቁጠባ:** መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣብ ብዙሓት ዘመናውያን ሃገራት ዝረአ ባእታታት ክልቲኡ ዕዳጋን ትእዛዝን ቁጠባ ዘወሃህድ እዩ። **2. ዓውድታት ቁጠባ:** - **ቀዳማይ ዘፈር፡** ምውጻእ ጥረ ነገራት፡ ከም ሕርሻ፡ ዕደና፡ ኣግራብ ዘጠቓልል እዩ። - **ካልኣይ ዘፈር:** ማኑፋክቸሪንግን ፕሮሰሲንግን ኢንዱስትሪታት ዘጠቓለለ እዩ። - **ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ዘፈር:** ኣገልግሎት ጥዕና፣ ትምህርቲ፣ ፋይናንስ፣ ቱሪዝም ሓዊሱ ዘጠቓልል እዩ። **3. ቁጠባዊ መርኣዪታት:** - **ሓፈሻዊ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት (GDP):** ኣብ ሓንቲ ሃገር ዝፈርዩ ኣቑሑትን ኣገልግሎታትን ጠቕላላ ዋጋ ዝዕቅን እዩ። - **መጠን ሽቕለት ኣልቦነት:** ስራሕ ዘይብሉ ሓይሊ ዕዮ ብሚእታዊት የመልክት። - **Inflation Rate:** ሓፈሻዊ ወሰኽ ዋጋታት ኣቑሑትን ኣገልግሎታትን ዝዕቅን እዩ። **4. ዓለምለኻውነት:** - **ኣህጉራዊ ንግዲ፡** ሃገራት ብዓለም ደረጃ ኣብ ምልውዋጥ ኣቑሑትን ኣገልግሎታትን ይዋፈራ፡ ኣብ ቁጠባዊ ምትእስሳር ይጸልዋ። - **ብዙሕ ሃገራት ኮርፖሬሽናት (MNCs):** ዓበይቲ ኩባንያታት ኣብ ዝተፈላለያ ሃገራት ይሰርሓ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ዓለማዊ ቁጠባዊ ዳይናሚክስ ጽልዋ የሕድር። **5. ፊስካላውን ገንዘባውን ፖሊሲ፡** - **ፊስካላዊ ፖሊሲ፡** ንቁጠባ ንምጽላው ግብሪን ወጻኢታትን ዝምልከት ውሳነታት መንግስቲ ዘጠቓልል እዩ። - **ገንዘባዊ ፖሊሲ:** ንዋጋታት ንብረት ንምቁጽጻርን ባጤራ ንምርግጋእን ቀረብ ገንዘብ፣ ወለድ፣ ልቓሕ ይቆጻጸር። **6. ቁጠባዊ ልምዓት:** - **ምዕቡላት ሃገራት:** ምዕቡል ትሕተ ቅርጺ፣ ልዑል ደረጃ መነባብሮ፣ ዝተፈላለየ ቁጠባ ዘለወን። - **ኣብ ምምዕባል ዝርከባ ሃገራት:** ቀጻሊ ቁጠባዊ ዕብየትን ኢንዱስትርያላይዜሽንን ዘጋጥመን ኮይኑ ግን ከም ድኽነትን ውሱን ትሕተ ቅርጽን ዝኣመሰሉ ብድሆታት ከጋጥሞም ይኽእል እዩ። **7. ቁጠባዊ ብድሆታት፡** - **ዘይማዕርነት እቶት፡** ኣብ ምክፍፋል እቶት ዘሎ ዘይምዕሩይነት ኣብ ማሕበራዊ ምትእስሳርን ቁጠባዊ ምርግጋእን ጽልዋ ከሕድር ይኽእል። - **ዓለማዊ ቁጠባዊ ቅልውላዋት፡** ከም ቁጠባዊ ምንቁልቋልን ፋይናንሳዊ ምንቁልቋልን ዝኣመሰሉ ፍጻመታት ኣብ ቁጠባታት ሰፊሕ ጽልዋ ክህልዎም ይኽእል። ቁጠባ ምርዳእ ነዞም ባእታታት ብምትንታን ሓፈሻዊ ጥዕናን ኣሰራርሓን ቁጠባዊ ስርዓት ሓደ ሕብረተሰብ ንምጭባጥ የጠቓልል። ሓንጸጽቲ ፖሊሲ፡ ትካላት ንግድን ውልቀሰባትን ብማዕረ ምስ ቁጠባዊ መትከላት ተዋፊሮም ብግቡእ ዝተሰነየ ውሳነታት ይወስዱን ኣብ ቁጠባዊ ዕብየትን ምርግጋእን ኣበርክቶ ይገብሩን። o9pkpcuv4zyjsgd5auxmxemxa3cmr4g 100 6230 24639 2023-12-06T00:16:18Z Morningstar Emperor 9529 ገጽ ምስ «**ሒሳብ:** *ሒሳብ* ስርዓታውን ኣብስትራክትን ዓውዲ መጽናዕቲ ኮይኑ፡ ብዛዕባ ባህርያት፡ ዝምድናታትን ኣቃውማታትን ብዝሒታት፡ ቁጽርታት፡ ቅርጽታትን ቅዲታትን ዝምልከት እዩ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ከም ቋንቋ ሳይንስን መሰረታዊ መሳርሒ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ዓለም ንምርዳእን ንምግላጽን እዩ ዝቑጸር...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki **ሒሳብ:** *ሒሳብ* ስርዓታውን ኣብስትራክትን ዓውዲ መጽናዕቲ ኮይኑ፡ ብዛዕባ ባህርያት፡ ዝምድናታትን ኣቃውማታትን ብዝሒታት፡ ቁጽርታት፡ ቅርጽታትን ቅዲታትን ዝምልከት እዩ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ከም ቋንቋ ሳይንስን መሰረታዊ መሳርሒ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ዓለም ንምርዳእን ንምግላጽን እዩ ዝቑጸር። ቁልፊ መዳያት ሒሳብ እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም፤ **1. **ጨናፍር ሒሳብ:** - **ኣልጀብራ:** ኣብ መጽናዕቲ ምልክታት ሒሳብን ነዞም ምልክታት ንምትዕጽጻፍ መመዓራረዪታት ንምፍታሕን ዝምድናታት ንምትንታንን ዝሕግዙ ሕግታትን ዘተኮረ እዩ። - **ጂኦሜትሪ:** ቅርጽታት፡ ዓቐን፡ ባህርያት ቦታ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ መንጎ ኣቑሑት ዘሎ ዝምድናታት ይምርምር። - **ካልኩለስ:** ንመጽናዕቲ ፍጥነት ለውጥን ምውህላልን ዝግደስ፣ ምንቅስቓስ፣ ዕብየትን ለውጥን ኣብ ምርዳእ ኣገዳሲ እዩ። - **ስታቲስቲክስ:** ምእካብ፣ ምትንታን፣ ምትርጓም፣ ኣቀራርባን ምውዳብን መረዳእታ ዘጠቓልል እዩ። **2. **ተግባራዊ ኣንጻር ጽሩይ ሒሳብ:** - **ተግባራዊ ሒሳብ:** ኣብ ፊዚክስ፣ ምህንድስና፣ ቁጠባን ስነ ህይወትን ሓዊሱ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓውድታት ናይ ሓቂ ዓለም ፀገማት ንምፍታሕ መትከላት ሒሳብ ይጥቀም። - **ጽሩይ ሒሳብ:** ኣብስትራክት ኣምርን ኣቃውማን ንባዕሎም ክብል ይምርምር፣ ናይ ግድን ግብራዊ ኣተገባብርኦም ኣብ ግምት ከየእተወ። **3. **ስነመጎታዊ ምኽንያት:** - ሒሳብ ኣብ መሰረት ጽኑዕ ስነ-መጐታዊ ምኽንያት ዝተሃንጸ እዩ። ንልክዕ ኣተሓሳስባን ምፍታሕ ጸገማትን ዝኸውን ማዕቀፍ ይህብ። **4. **ኣድማሳዊ ቋንቋ:** - ሒሳብ ከም ኣድማሳዊ ቋንቋ ይቑጸር፣ ባህላውን ቋንቋውን ዕንቅፋታት ሰጊሩ። መትከላቱን ቴዎረማቱን ጂኦግራፍያዊ ወይ ባህላዊ ኵነታት ብዘየገድስ ቅኑዕ ኮይኑ ይቕጽል። **5. **መሳርሒ ሳይንስን ቴክኖሎጅን:** - ሒሳብ ኣብ ሳይንሳዊ ምርምር ወሳኒ ተራ ስለዘለዎ፡ ምሕንጻጽ ክልሰ-ሓሳባትን ሞዴላትን የኽእል። ኣብ ቴክኖሎጂ እውን ኣገዳሲ መሳርሒ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ከም ኮምፒተር ሳይንስን ምህንድስናን ዝኣመሰሉ ዓውድታት ምዕባለታት ዘመቻችእ እዩ። **6. **ጸገም-ምፍታሕ:** - ሒሳብ ንውልቀሰባት ብኽእለት ምፍታሕ ጸገማት የዕጥቖም። ነቐፌታዊ ኣተሓሳስባን ስነ-መጐታዊ ትንተናን ዘተባብዕ ኮይኑ፡ ንብድሆታት ንምፍታሕ ስርዓታዊ ኣገባብ የዕቢ። **7. **ክልሰ ሓሳብ ቁጽሪ:** - ኣብ ባህርያትን ዝምድናታትን ቁጽርታት ዘተኮረ ኮይኑ፡ ከም ዋና ቁጽርታት፡ ምክፍፋል፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሞዱላዊ ስነ-ቁጽሪ ዝኣመሰሉ ኣምር ይምርምር። **8. **መሰረታት ስነ-መጎት ሒሳብ:** - ዓውዲ ስነ-መጐት ሒሳብ፡ ከም ክልሰ-ሓሳብ ስብስብን መሰረታት ሒሳብን ዝኣመሰሉ ኣርእስታት ሓዊሱ፡ እንታይነትን ኣቃውማን ሒሳባዊ ምኽንያት ይድህስስ። **9. **ናይ ሒሳብ ምልክት:** - ምልክታትን ቀመማትን ሓዊሱ ናይ ሒሳብ ምልክት፡ ዝተሓላለኹ ሓሳባትን ዝምድናታትን ንምግላጽ ጽፉፍን ንጹርን መገዲ ይህብ። ብመሰረቱ ሒሳብ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓውድታት ሰፊሕ ኣተገባብራ ዘለዎ ዳይናሚካውን መሰረታውን ስነ-ፍልጠት እዩ። ንኣቃውማ ኣድማስና ንምርዳእ፡ ግብራዊ ጸገማት ንምፍታሕን ስነ-መጐታዊ ምኽንያትን ምሁራዊ ምዕባለን ንምዕባይን ከም ሓያል መሳርሒ ኮይኑ የገልግል። 4i617i5m4ynd7qt5p0ijsk6gmpg3ky5 0 6231 24641 2023-12-06T05:08:08Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1188509098|2021 Africa Cup of Nations]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ብስፖንሰርሺፕ''' '''ምኽንያት ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ 2021''' ( '''AFCON 2021''' ወይ '''CAN 2021''' ተባሂሉ’ውን ይጽዋዕ) መበል 33 ሕታም ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ '''፡ ኣብ''' ክልተ ዓመት ዝካየድ ኣህጉራዊ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ እዩ። ብኮንፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣፍሪቃ (CAF) ዝተዳለወ ሻምፕዮን ኣፍሪቃ። እዚ ውድድር ብካሜሩን ፣ ዝተኣንገደ ኮይኑ ካብ 9 ጥሪ ክሳብ <ref name="dates"></ref> ለካቲት 2022 ዓ.ም. እዚ ውድድር ፈለማ ኣብ ወርሒ ሰነን ሓምለን 2021 ክካየድ መደብ ተታሒዙሉ ነይሩ። ይኹን እምበር፡ ካፍ ኣብቲ እዋን ብሰንኪ ዘይምቹእ ኩነታት ኣየር፡ እቲ ውድድር ኣብ መንጎ 9 ጥሪን 6 ለካቲት 2021ን ክካየድ ዳግማይ መደብ ከምዝተገብረሉ ብ15 ጥሪ 2020 ኣፍሊጡ ብዕለት 30 ሰነ 2020 ካፍ ኣብ መላእ ኣህጉር ዘስዓቦ ሳዕቤናት ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 ስዒቡ ንኻልኣይ ግዚኡ ዕለታት ውድድር ናብ ጥሪ 2022 ኣሰጋጊርዎ፡ ዋንጫ ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ 2021 ዝብል ስም ድማ ንዕላማ ስፖንሰርሺፕ ዓቂቡ። ኣልጀርያ ተኸላኻሊት ሻምፕዮን ክትከውን ከላ፡ ኣብ ቀዳማይ ዙርያ ግን ኣብ ታሕተዋይ ደረጃ ምድብ ድሕሪ ምውድኣ ተባሪራ። ሰኔጋል ድሕሪ ተወሳኺ ግዜ 0ብ0 ድሕሪ ምፍልላያ፡ ኣብ መዛዘሚ ጸወታ ንግብጺ ብፍጹም ቅላዕ 4ብ2 ድሕሪ ምዕዋታ ፡ ንፈለማ እዋን ዋንጫ ኣፍኮን ክትዓትር ክኢላ። 1donzurczka9lyhqk9pouors5ayrbqc 0 6232 24642 2023-12-07T03:32:14Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1184092215|2013 Africa Cup of Nations]]" wikitext text/x-wiki ካብ 19 ጥሪ ክሳብ 10 '''ለካቲት''' '''2013''' ዓ.ም ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣፍሪቃ (CAF)። ካብዚ ሕታም ጀሚሩ እቲ ውድድር ምስ ዋንጫ ዓለም ፊፋ ንኸይጋጮ ኣብ ክንዲ ኣብ ጽምዲ ቁጽሪ ዘለዎም ዓመታት ኣብ ጽምዲ ቁጽሪ ዘለዎም ዓመታት ክካየድ ተቐይሩ ። ስለዚ እዚ ሕታም ’ ዚ ካብ 1965 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ዘይተጻረየ ቁጽሪ ዓመት ዝተኻየደ ናይ መጀመርታ ’ ዩ። ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ኣብ 1996 ዋንጫ ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ ድሕሪ ምእንጋዳ ንኻልኣይ ግዜኣ ነዚ ውድድር ኣአንጊዳቶ። ኣብ 2013 ዓ.ም. እታ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃዊት ጋንታ ድሕሪ ፍጹም ቅላዕ ብማሊ ኣብ ርብዒ ፍጻመ ተኣልያ። ዛምብያ ተኸላኻሊት ሻምፕዮን ክትከውን ከላ፡ ኣብ ምድብ ግን ካብ ጸወታ ተኣልያ። ናይጀርያ ኣብ መዛዘሚ ጸወታ ንቡርኪናፋሶ 1ብ0 ብምስዓር ንሳልሳይ ግዜኣ ሻምፕዮን ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ ኮይና ። ናይጀርያ ኣብ ብራዚል ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ዋንጫ ኮንፈደረሽን ፊፋ 2013 ከም ወኪል ካብ ካፍ ተሳቲፋ። szqpktyeapzfsjnvo4geyv2dc9rgjjy 0 6233 24643 2023-12-07T14:26:50Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1188456284|Neymar]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ነይማር ዳ ሲልቫ ሳንቶስ ጁንየር''' (5 ለካቲት 1992 ተወሊዱ) '''፡ ብነይማር ጁንየር''' ወይ ብሓደ ስሙ '''ነይማር''' ዝፍለጥ፡ ብራዚላዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ከም ኣጥቃዓይ ኮይኑ ምስ ስዑዲ ፕሮ ሊግ ክለብ ኣል ሂላልን ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ብራዚልን ይጻወት። ፍርያም ኣመዝጋቢ ሸቶን ሰራሒ ጸወታን ኮይኑ ብፍሉይ ቅዲ ጸወታ ዝፍለጥ ንሱ፡ ሓደ ካብቶም ዝበለጹ ተጻወትቲ ዓለምን ብሉጻት ብራዚላዊ ተጻዋታይ ወለዶኡን ተባሂሉ ብሰፊሑ ይግለጽ። ነይማር ንሰለስተ ዝተፈላለያ ክለባት ብውሕዱ 100 ሸቶታት ብምምዝጋብ ፡ ነዚ ቅያ ካብ ዘመዝገቡ ውሑዳት ተጻወትቲ ሓደ ኮይኑ ኣሎ። ነይማር ኣብ ሳንቶስ ንፈለማ ግዚኡ ኣብ 17 ዓመት ዕድሚኡ ፕሮፌሽናል ጸወታኡ ኣካይዱ። ነዊሕ ከይጸንሐ ኮኾብ ተጻዋታይ ሊግ ብራዚል ኮይኑ ፡ ኣብ 2011 ምስ ሳንቶስ ኮፓ ሊበርታዶረስ ተዓዊቱ፡ ድሕሪ 1963 ንፈለማ እዋን ኣብ ውድድር ኮፓ ሊበርታዶረስ ተዓዊቱ። ኣብ 2011 ን 2012ን ብሉጽ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቡብ ኣመሪካ ተባሂሉ ዝተሸለመ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ 2013 ናብ ኤውሮጳ ተሰጋጊሩ ናብ ባርሴሎና ተጸንቢሩ። ኣብ ካልኣይ ዓመቱ ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ባርሴሎና ምስ ሊዮነል ሜሲን ልዊስ ስዋረዝን ''፡ MSN'' ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ስሉስ ኣጥቃዕቲ ጸወታታት፡ ኣብ ላሊጋ ፡ ኮፓ ደል ረይን ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግን ኮንቲነንታል ትሪብል ተዓዊቱ። ብደረጃ ክለባት ትኹረት ዝገበረ ተጻዋታይ ክኸውን ዝተደፋፍአ ነይማር፡ ኣብ 2017 ብዘይተጸበዮ መንገዲ ካብ ባርሴሎና ወጺኡ ናብ ፓሪስ ሴንት ጀርመን (ፒኤስጂ) ብ222 ሚልዮን ዩሮ ዝውውር ኮይኑ፡ እዚ ድማ ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝኸበረ ተጻዋታይ ገይርዎ።{{refn|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.<ref name="FCB Neymar">{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>|group=note}} In Paris, Neymar was voted Ligue 1 Player of the Year in his debut season, was integral to PSG reaching its first ever Champions League final in 2019–20, and became the highest scoring Brazilian player in Champions League history. መስበርቲ ንነይማር ኣብ ፒ.ኤስ.ጂ ናይ ጸወታ ግዜ ኣሸጊሩዎ፡ ኣብ 2023 ድማ ድሕሪ 6 ዓመታትን 5 ግዜ ዋንጫ ሊግ 1 ን ምስ ኣል ሂላል ብኣኽባሪ ውዕል ፈሪሙ። ኣብ 18 ዓመት ዕድሚኡ ንፈለማ ግዚኡ ምስ ብራዚል ዝተጻወተ ነይማር፡ ኣብ 128 ጸወታታት 79 ሸቶታት ብምምዝጋብ ፡ ኣብ ኩሉ ግዜ ዝበለጸ ኣመዝጋቢ ሸቶ ሃገራዊት ጋንትኡ ኢዩ። ኣብ 2013 ዋንጫ ኮንፈደረሽን ፊፋ ብምዕዋት ወርቃዊ ኩዕሶ ተዓዊቱ ። ኣብታ ናይ መጀመርታ ዋንጫ ዓለም ፡ ሕታም 2014 ፡ ኣብ ጋንታ ሕልሚ ተሰይሙ። ኣብ ኮፓ ኣሜሪካ 2015 ዝነበሮ ተሳትፎ ብመቕጻዕቲ ተቖሪጹ፡ ቅድሚ ሓለቓ ጋንታ ብራዚል ኣብ ሓጋይ ኦሎምፒክ 2016 ንፈለማ እዋን ኣብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ወርቂ መዳልያ ኦሎምፒክ ክትረክብ ምኽኣላ ፡ ድሮ ኣብ ሕታም 2012 ብሩር መዳልያ ረኺባ። ሓለቓ ጋንታ ኮይኑ ድሕሪ ምኽሓዱ ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም 2018 ተሳቲፉ ፣ ኣብ ኮፓ ኣሜሪካ 2019 ብመስበርቲ ድሕሪ ምስላፉ ድማ ንብራዚል ኣብ 2021 ካልኣይ ደረጃ ክትሕዝ ሓጊዙዋ ፣ ኣብዚ ውድድር ምስ ሜሲ ሓባራዊ ሽልማት ብሉጽ ተጻዋታይ ተዓዊቱ። ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም 2022 ፡ ኣብ ሰለስተ ዋንጫ ዓለም ሸቶ ዘመዝገቡ እንኮ ብራዚላውያን ብምዃን ምስ ፔለን ሮናልዶን ተጸንቢሩ። ነይማር ንብሉጽ ብራዚላዊ ተጻዋታይ ኤውሮጳ ዝወሃብ ሽልማት ሳምባ ወርቂ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ 6 ሽልማት ተዓዊቱ። ነይማር ኣብ 2015 ን 2017 ን ንሽልማት ባሎን ዲ ኦር ፊፋ ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ሒዙ ፡ ሽልማት ፊፋ ፑስካስ ተሸሊሙ ፡ ኣብ ፊፋ ፊፍፕሮ ዎርልድ11 ን ክልተ ግዜ ብሉጽ ጋንታ ዩዌፋን ተሸሊሙ፡ ከምኡ'ውን ብሉጽ ጋንታ ቻምፕዮንስ ሊግ 3ይ ዓመተ ስፖርት ተሸሊሙ ግዜ። ካብ ሜዳ ወጻኢ፡ ኣብ ዓለም ካብቶም ፍሉጣት ስፖርተኛታት ይስራዕ። ''ስፖርትፕሮ'' ኣብ 2012ን 2013ን ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝበዝሐ ዕዳጋ ዝረኸበ ኣትሌት ክብል እንከሎ ፡ ESPN ድማ ኣብ 2016 ራብዓይ ፍሉጥ ኣትሌት ዓለም ምዃኑ ጠቒሱ። ኣብ 2017 ''ታይም'' ኣብ ዓመታዊ ዝርዝር 100 ጽልዋ ዘለዎም ሰባት ዓለም ኣስፊራቶ ። ኣብ 2018 ''ፈረንሳ ፉትቦል'' ንነይማር ኣብ ዓለምና ዝለዓለ ደሞዝ ዝኽፈል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ሂብዋ። ኣብ ዝቐጸለ ዓመት ''ፎርብስ'' ኣብ ዓለም ሳልሳይ ዝለዓለ ደሞዝ ዝኽፈል ኣትሌት ጌሩ ሰሪዕዎ ፣ ኣብ 2020 ሓደ ደረጃ ወሪዱ ናብ ራብዓይ ደረጃ በጺሑ h78rqcwstdqftsndyex8bsp7yq3f2e7 0 6234 24644 2023-12-08T16:13:05Z 12cutler 9541 Created by translating the page "[[:he:Special:Redirect/revision/37626346|מרי השנייה, מלכת אנגליה]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{מנהיג|שם=מרי השנייה, מלכת אנגליה|תמונה=[[קובץ:1662 Mary II.jpg|250px|]]|כיתוב=מרי השנייה, מלכת אנגליה|שם בשפת המקור=Mary II of England|שם מלא=|מדינה={{דגל|ממלכת אנגליה||+}}{{ש}}{{דגל|ממלכת סקוטלנד||+}}{{ש}}{{דגל|ממלכת אירלנד||+}}|מקום קבורה={{דגל|הממלכה המאוחדת}} [[מנזר וסטמינסטר]], [[לונדון]]|תאריך לידה=[[30 באפריל]] [[1662]]|מקום לידה=[[ארמון סנט ג'יימס]], [[לונדון]], [[ממלכת אנגליה|אנגליה]]|תאריך פטירה=[[28 בדצמבר]] [[1694]]|מקום פטירה=[[ארמון קנסינגטון]], [[לונדון]], [[ממלכת אנגליה|אנגליה]]|אתר אינטרנט=|תפקיד1={{תפקיד מנהיג |שם התפקיד=מלכת אנגליה, סקוטלנד ואירלנד |למניין= |התחלת כהונה=[[13 בפברואר]] [[1689]] |סיום כהונה=[[28 בדצמבר]] [[1694]] |מנהיג דת בתקופה= |מונרך בתקופה= |הקודם בתפקיד=[[ג'יימס השני, מלך אנגליה|ג'יימס השני]] |הבא בתפקיד=[[ויליאם השלישי]] |שותף לשלטון=[[ויליאם השלישי]] }}|תפקיד2=|תפקיד3=|שם השושלת=[[בית סטיוארט]]|תואר=מלכת אנגליה, סקוטלנד ואירלנד|כינוי=|אב=[[ג'יימס השביעי מלך סקוטלנד]]|אם=[[אן הייד]]|יורש העצר=|בן זוג=[[ויליאם השלישי, מלך אנגליה]]}} == ታሪኽ ህይወት == ድሕሪ ዓወት ሰውራ ባይቶ እንግሊዝ ምህዳም ጄምስ ምስ ምሕዳግ ዝፋን ዝመጣጠን ምዃኑ ኣዊጁ፡ ነቲ ባዶ ዝፋን ንሜሪን በዓል ቤታ ዊልያምን ብሓባር ክነግሱ ኣቕረበ። ብ13 ለካቲት 1689 ንመግዛእቲ እንግሊዝን ኣየርላንድን ተቐቢሎም፡ ብ11 ሚያዝያ 1689 ድማ ባይቶ ስኮትላንድ ኣሰር ባይቶ እንግሊዝ ብምስዓብ ብተመሳሳሊ ቅድመ ኩነት ዝፋን ስኮትላንድ ሃቦም። 6ezd7v5j09hzif6zzaezy4u7xw2e070 0 6235 24648 24645 2023-12-09T18:53:51Z 12cutler 9541 Created by translating the page "[[:he:Special:Redirect/revision/37442693|מארי אנטואנט]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{מנהיג|שם=מריה אנטוניה יוזפה יוהאנה|תאריך לידה=[[2 בנובמבר]] [[1755]]|תאריך פטירה=[[16 באוקטובר]] [[1793]]|מקום לידה={{דגל|האימפריה הרומית הקדושה}} [[הופבורג]], [[וינה]], [[ארכידוכסות אוסטריה]]|מקום פטירה={{דגל|צרפת (1790–1794)}} [[פריז]], [[הרפובליקה הצרפתית הראשונה]]|תמונה=[[קובץ:MA-Lebrun.jpg|250px|]]|כיתוב=מארי אנטואנט. פורטרט שציירה [[אליזבט ויז'ה-לה ברן]] בשנת 1783|שם בשפת המקור=Maria Josepha Johanna Antonia|שם מלא=מריה אנטוניה יוזפה יוהאנה ארכידוכסית אוסטריה לבית הבסבורג לורן, מלכת צרפת|מדינה={{דגל|ממלכת צרפת||+}}|מקום קבורה={{דגל|צרפת}} [[בזיליקת סן-דני]], [[פריז]]|שם השושלת=[[בית הבסבורג]]-לורן|תואר=[[ארכידוכס]]ית אוסטריה{{ש}}[[מלכות צרפת|מלכת צרפת]] ונווארה|כינוי=|אב=[[פרנץ הראשון, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה]]|אם=[[מריה תרזה]]|צאצאים=[[מארי תרז, נסיכת צרפת]]{{ש}} [[לואי ז'וזף, דופין צרפת]]{{ש}} [[לואי השבעה עשר, מלך צרפת]]{{ש}} [[סופי הלן ביאטריס, נסיכת צרפת]]|יורש העצר=|אתר אינטרנט=|תפקיד1={{תפקיד מנהיג |שם התפקיד=[[מלכות צרפת|מלכת צרפת]] ו[[ממלכת נווארה|נווארה]] |למניין= |התחלת כהונה=[[10 במאי]] [[1774]] |סיום כהונה=[[4 בספטמבר]] [[1791]] |מנהיג דת בתקופה= |מונרך בתקופה= [[לואי השישה עשר, מלך צרפת]] |הקודם בתפקיד=[[מריה לשצ'ינסקה, נסיכת פולין|מריה לשצ'ינסקה]] |הבא בתפקיד= [[מריה אמליה מנאפולי וסיציליה|מריה אמיליה, נסיכת שתי הסיציליות]] (מלכת הצרפתים) |אירועים בתקופתו= }}|תפקיד2={{תפקיד מנהיג |שם התפקיד=[[מלכות צרפת|מלכת צרפת]] |למניין= |התחלת כהונה=[[4 בספטמבר]] [[1791]] |סיום כהונה=[[10 באוגוסט]] [[1792]] |מנהיג דת בתקופה= |מונרך בתקופה= |הקודם בתפקיד= |הבא בתפקיד=[[מריה ג'וספינה לואיזה, נסיכת סרדיניה|מריה ג'וספינה לואיזה]] |אירועים בתקופתו= }}|תפקיד3=|בן זוג=[[לואי השישה עשר, מלך צרפת]]}}ማሪያ አንቶኒያ ጆሴፋ ዮሃና (ጀርመንኛ፡ ማሪያ ጆሴፋ ዮሃና አንቶኒያ)፣ እንዲሁም ማሪ አንቶኔት (ፈረንሣይኛ፡ ማሪ አንቶኔት፤ ኅዳር 2 1755 – ጥቅምት 16 ቀን 1793)፣ የኦስትሪያ አርክዱቼስ ነበረች፣ ከፈረንሳይ አብዮት በፊት የፈረንሳይ የመጨረሻዋ ንግስት ነበረች። በአብዮት ጊዜ የፈረንሳይ ንጉሥ የነበረው የሉዊ 16ኛ ሚስት ማሪ አንቶኔት በዋነኝነት የሚታወሱት ለእሷ በተነገረው አባባል ነው፡- “ዳቦ ከሌላቸው ኬኮች ይብሉ”)፣ ይህም በፍጥነት ጊዜውን በጥሩ ሁኔታ የሚወክል ታዋቂ ጥቅስ ሆነ። ይሁን እንጂ ይህ አባባል ስለ ንግስቲቱ እንደተነገሩት ብዙ ታሪኮች የፈረንሳይ አብዮተኞች አብዮቱን ያስከተለው ከባድ የኢኮኖሚ ቀውስ እሷን ተጠያቂ በማድረግ ስሟን ለማጥፋት የተነደፈ ማጭበርበር ሆነ። እታ ፍልጥቲ ጥቕሲ፡ ንማሪ ኣንቶኔት ካብ ህዝቢ ዝተቖርጸት፡ ብልሽውናን ስቓያ ዘይትሓልፍን ንግስቲ ኮይና ንኽትስእል ኣበርክቶ ዝገበረት ብዙሓት ጥቕስታት ሓንቲ እያ። እዚ ሓረግ እዚ ኣብ [[ታሪኽ|ታሪኻዊ]] ዝኽሪ ዝተቐርጸ ኮይኑ፡ ካብ ዘዳግም ከም ዝተወስደት እያ ትግለጽ፡ ዋላ እኳ ሕጂ እቲ ሓረግ ቅድሚ ናብ ፈረንሳ ምምጽኣ ነዊሕ ከም ዝተባህለ እንተተፈልጠ: ኣብ መጽሓፍ ዣን-ጃክ ሩሶ ፡ " The Confessions " which he ብ1767 ጽሒፋ ወዲኣ (ማሪ ኣንቶኔት ጓል 12 ዓመት ከላ) ብ 1782 ድማ ተሓቲማ ፣ ሩሶ ነቲ ትረኻ ብዛዕባ እታ ብዛዕባ ተገዛእታ ከምዚ ዝበለት ንግስቲ ነገረቶ። [23] [24] ኣብ ባህሊ ፈረንሳ ፍሉጥ ዛንታ ኮይኑ፡ ማሪ ኣንቶኔት ናብ ንጉሳዊ ቤተ መንግስቲ ቅድሚ ምምጽኣ ብዙሕ ዓመታት ብኣፍ ዝሓለፈ እዩ። እታ መጽሓፍ ምስ ተሓተመት፡ ማሪ ኣንቶኔት ድሮ ንግስቲ ፈረንሳ ኮይና ዘገልገለት ኮይና፡ ድሕሪ ነዊሕ ዓመታት ምጽባይ ኣደ ክልተ ቆልዑ (ካብቶም ኣብ ዕድሚኣ ዝወለደቶም ኣርባዕተ) እያ ነይራ። እቶም ኣብ ንጉሳዊ ቤተ መንግስቲ ኣንጻራ ውዲት ዝኣልሙ ሰባት፡ ኣብ መጽሓፉ ኣብ ሕቶ ዘላ ገጸ ባህሪ ንሳ እያ ክብሉን በዚ ድማ ካብ ህዝቢ ንምርሓቕን፡ መጽሓፍ ሩሶን ዘምጽኦ ጥቕስን ተጠቒሞም። l4jtwiicqw8q2fb7zozxo0r2rhk10to 0 6236 24647 2023-12-09T18:46:25Z 12cutler 9541 Created by translating the page "[[:he:Special:Redirect/revision/36311339|אליזבת, נסיכת בוואריה]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{מנהיג|שם=אליזבת, קיסרית אוסטריה|תמונה=[[קובץ:Erzsebet kiralyne photo 1867.jpg|200px|]]|כיתוב=אליזבת, קיסרית אוסטריה|שם בשפת המקור=Elisabeth von Österreich|סיבת המוות=נרצחה|מדינה={{דגל|האימפריה האוסטרו-הונגרית||+}}|מקום קבורה={{דגל|אוסטריה}} [[וינה]], [[אוסטריה]]|תאריך לידה=[[24 בדצמבר]] [[1837]]|מקום לידה={{דגל|ממלכת בוואריה}} [[מינכן]], [[ממלכת בוואריה|בוואריה]]|תאריך פטירה=[[10 בספטמבר]] [[1898]]|מקום פטירה={{דגל|שווייץ}} [[ז'נבה]], [[שווייץ]]|אתר אינטרנט=|שם השושלת=[[בית ויטלסבאך]]|תואר=|שם מלא=אליזבת אמליה יוג'יני|כינוי=|אב=[[מקסימיליאן יוזף, דוכס בבוואריה]]|אם=[[לודוביקה, נסיכת בוואריה]]|צאצאים=[[#משפחתה|ראו בהמשך]]|יורש העצר=|בן זוג=[[פרנץ יוזף, קיסר אוסטריה]]|תפקיד1={{תפקידים מוויקינתונים}}}} ኤልሳቤጥ ብ24 ታሕሳስ 1837 ኣብ ሙኒክ ካብ ማክሲሚልያን ጆሴፍ ልኡል ባቫርያን ሉዶቪካ ልእልቲ ባቫርያን ጓል ማክሲሚልያን ቀዳማይ ዮሴፍ ንጉስ ባቫርያን ካሮሊን ባደንን ተወሊዳ። ካብ ወጋሕታ ንእስነታ "ሲሲ" ትበሃል ነበረት። ሓፍቲ ኣደ ሲሲ ሊቀ ዱቸስ ሶፊ ንፍራንዝ ካርል ሊቀ ዱክ ኦስትርያ ሊቀ ዱክ ቤት ሃብስበርግ ተመርዕያ ኣደ ፍራንዝ ጆሴፍ ሃጸይ ኦስትርያ እያ ነይራ። ኣደ ሲሲን ሓፍታ ሶፊን ንዓባይ ሓፍታ ሄለና መርዓት ናይቲ ሃጸይ ክትከውን ዒላማ ገበራ፡ እቶም ስድራቤታት ምስ ተራኸቡ ግን እቲ ሃጸይ ንኤልሳቤጥ በዓልቲ ቤቱ ክትከውን መሪጹ ብ1854 ኣብ ቪየና ተመርዓዉ። i8gcw7yq8p8elfb1nnwj6rlqxkyijnl 0 6237 24651 2023-12-13T20:18:19Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187207717|Amanuel Yohannes]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣማኑኤል ዮውሃንስ ጋሞ''' ( {{Lang-am|አማኑኤል ዮሃንስ ጋሞ}} <span data-ve-ignore="true">:</span> <span data-ve-ignore="true" lang="am">አማኑኤል ዮሃንስ ጋሞ</span> [[Category:Articles containing Amharic-language text]] <nowiki/>; ተወሊዱ 14 መጋቢት 1999) ኢትዮጵያዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብታ ሓለቓ ጋንታ ዝኾነት ክለብ ኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ [[ኢትዮጵያዊ ቡን SC|ኢትዮጵያ ቡና]] ፡ ከምኡ'ውን [[ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ|ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኢትዮጵያ ከም]] ኣከፋፋሊ ኮይኑ ዝጻወት እዩ። 8kt0sfwa4cah8a4kl3prkhsxw2vo3yn 0 6239 24654 2023-12-18T00:29:51Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1190218185|Al Nassr FC]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%em;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center" |ኣል ናስር ንጡፋት ክፍልታት |- style="text-align: center" |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''እግሪ ኩዕሶ<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ)''' |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''እግሪ ኩዕሶ<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(ናይ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ)''' |[[ፋይል:Basketball_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''ኩዕሶ ሰኪዔት።<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ)''' |} '''ክለብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣል ናስር''' ( {{Lang-ar|نادي النصر السعودي}} <span data-ve-ignore="true">:</span> <span data-ve-ignore="true" dir="rtl" lang="ar">نادي النصر السعودي</span> [[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]] <nowiki/>; ''[[wiktionary:نصر#Arabic|ናሽር]]'' ማለት ''ዓወት'' ) ኣብ ሪያድ ዝመደበራ ስዑዲ ዓረብያዊት ፕሮፌሽናል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለብ ’ ያ። ብ24 ጥቅምቲ 1955 ዝተመስረተት ክለብ፡ ኣብ ሜድኣ ኣብ ፓርክ ኣል-ኣውዋል ጸወታታት እያ እተካይዶ። ሕብሪ ገዛኦም ብጫን ሰማያውን እዩ። ኣል ናስር ኣብ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ካብ ዘለዋ ዕዉታት ክለባት ኮይና፡ 28 ወግዓዊ ዋንጫታት ኣመዝጊባ። ብደረጃ ውሽጢ ሃገር፡ እታ ክለብ ትሽዓተ ዋንጫታት ፕሮ ሊግ ፡ ሽዱሽተ ዋንጫ ንጉስ ፡ ሰለስተ ዋንጫ ልኡል ዘውዲ ፡ ሰለስተ ዋንጫ ፈደረሽን ፡ ክልተ ዋንጫ ሱፐር ካፕ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ክትዓትር ክኢላ እያ። ብደረጃ ዓለም፡ ኣብ 1998 ንኽልቲኡ ዋንጫ ተዓወትቲ ዋንጫ ኤስያን ሱፐር ካፕ ኤስያን ብምሓዝ ታሪኻዊ ድርብ ኤስያ ኣመዝጊባ፡ ኣብ 2023 ድማ ዋንጫ ሻምፕዮን ክለባት ዓረብ ተዓዊታ። ኣል ናስር ክልተ ዋንጫ ክለባት ጂሲሲ ውን ተዓዊቱ ኣሎ። 0enafb3b3ltvag43y60rv88232uwpzz 0 6240 24655 2023-12-24T00:12:53Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1173659862|Roberto Mouzo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሮበርቶ ሞውዞ''' (Roberto Mouzo; 8 ጥሪ 1953 ተወሊዱ) ኣርጀንቲናዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ነበር ኮይኑ፡ ከም ተኸላኻላይ ኮይኑ ይጻወት ነይሩ። ካብ ኣካዳሚ መንእሰያት ቦካ ጁንየርስ ዝዓበየ ፣ ዝበዝሕ ናይ ሂወቱ ምስ ቦካ ጁንየርስ ዝተጻወተ ሞውዞ ሓደ ካብቶም ዓበይቲ ጣኦታት ናይታ ክለብ ተባሂሉ ይግለጽ። ኣብ ኩሉ ግዜ ዝበዝሐ ተጻወትቲ እታ ጋንታ ኮይኑ፡ 426 ጸወታታት ኣካይዱ። ሞውዞ ምስታ ክለብ 6 ዋንጫታት'ውን ተዓዊቱ <ref>[https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/202005/467706-mouzo-la-bombonera-es-el-templo-donde-me-hice-futbolista.html Mouzo: "La Bombonera es el templo"] on Télam, 24 May 2020</ref> 25 ሸቶታት ኣመዝጊቡ። <ref name="depo">[https://www.depo.com.ar/futbolargentino/Hace-36-anos-Roberto-Mouzo-jugaba-su-ultimo-partido-oficial-en-Boca-20201215-0029.html Hace 36 años Mouzo jugaba su último partido] on Depo website, 15 Dec 2020</ref> ሞውዞ ኣብ ሱፐርክላሲኮ 29 ጸወታታት ብምክያድ ዝበዝሐ ጸወታታት እውን ኣለዎ (ምስ ኣፈ ታሪኽ ክለብ ሲልቪዮ ማርዞሊኒ ዝተኻፈለ)። ኣብ 1983 ኣብ ኮፓ ኣሜሪካ ተጻዊቱ ንሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኣርጀንቲና ውን ንሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኣርጀንቲና ተሰሊፉ ኔሩ ። pjin7usz0kfsi61o752zjwqxi9t9hyc 0 6241 24656 2023-12-24T04:37:44Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1191416430|Club América]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Club de Fútbol América SA de CV''' ፡ ብተለምዶ '''ክለብ ኣሜሪካ''' ወይ ብቐሊሉ '''ኣሜሪካ''' ዝፍለጥ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ከተማ ሜክሲኮ ዝመደበሩ ፕሮፌሽናል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለብ ’ ዩ። ''ላስ ኣጉይላስ'' (ዘ ኢግልስ) ዝብል ሳጓ ዝተዋህቦ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ሊጋ ኤምኤክስ ፡ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሜክሲኮ ትወዳደር። እታ ክለብ ኣብ 1916 ዝተመስረተት ኮይና፡ ካብ 1959 ጀሚራ ድማ ብናይ መራኸቢ ብዙሃን ኩባንያ ቴሌቪዛ ትውነን ኣላ። እዛ ጋንታ ኣብ ሜድኣ ኣብ ኢስታድዮ ኣዝቴካ ፡ እቲ ዝዓበየ ስታድዩም ላቲን ኣመሪካን ሓደ ካብቶም ዝዓበዩ ስታድዩማት ዓለምን እያ እተካይዶ። ኣሜሪካ ሓንቲ ካብተን መስረትቲ ኣባላት ፕሪሜራ ዲቪዥን እያ። እታ ክለብ ምስ ጓዳላሃራ ንነዊሕ እዋን ዝጸንሐ ንሕንሕ ኣለዋ ፡ ክልቲአን ኣብታ ሃገር ዝዓበያ ዕዉታትን ህቡባትን ጋንታታት ኮይነን ካብ ውድድር ወሪደን ዘይፈልጣ ክለባት ጥራይ እየን ። ኣብ መንጎኦም ዝካየድ ጸወታታት ''ኤል ሱፐር ክላሲኮ'' ተባሂሉ ይፍለጥ፣ ኣብ ሜክሲኮ ከም ዝዓበየ ንሕንሕ ዝቑጸር፣ ኣብ ዓለም ድማ ሓደ ካብቶም ዝዓበዩ ንሕንሕ። ኣሜሪካ ኣንጻር ክሩዝ ኣዙልን ክለብ ዩኒቨርሲዳድ ናሽናልን ’ ውን ደርቢ ትጻወት ። እተን ክለባት ብሓባር " ዓበይቲ ኣርባዕተ " ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሜክሲኮ ይፈጥራ። ክለብ ኣሜሪካ ኣብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሜክሲኮ ካብ ዝኾነት ጋንታ ንላዕሊ ዋንጫታት ክትዓትር ክኢላ እያ። ኣብ ውሽጢ ሃገር እታ ክለብ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ ዓሰርተ ኣርባዕተ ዋንጫታት ሊግ ከምኡ'ውን ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ ሽዱሽተ ዋንጫታት ኮፓ ሜክሲኮ ፡ ከምኡ'ውን 6 ዋንጫታት ካምፒዮን ደ ካምፒዮንስ ክትዓትር ክኢላ እያ። ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ውድድራት ኣሜሪካ ዓሰርተ ዋንጫታት ፊፋ ኣፍልጦ ዝረኸባ ክለባት ተዓዊታ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ዞባ ኮንካካፍ ዝመጸት ክለብ ዝበዝሐ ኮይኑ፡ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ 7 ዋንጫ ሻምፕዮንስ ኮንካካፍ/ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግ ፡ ሓደ ዋንጫ ኮንካካፍ ጃይንትስ ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ክልተ ዋንጫታት ኮፓ ኢንተርኣሜሪካና ኣመዝጊባ። እታ ክለብ ብዙሕ ፍልልያት እውን ሒዛ ኣላ፡ ንኣብነት ብዓወታትን ነጥብን ኣብ ናይ ኩሉ ግዜ ሰሌዳ ሊግ ክትስራዕ ዝበዝሐ ጸወታታት ኣብ መድረኽ ፕለይ ኦፍ ዝበዝሐ ጸወታታት ፍጻመ ፕለይ ኦፍ (19) ከምኡ'ውን ዝበዝሐ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ውድድሩ፡ ምስ ክሩዝ ኣዙል (10፡ ኣብ ፍጻመ ፕለይ ኦፍ 6 ሓዊስካ)። ኣሜሪካ ብ IFFHS ኣብ መበል 21 ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ ቀዳማይ ዓሰርተ ዓመታት (2001–2011) ዝበለጸት ክለብ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ ተባሂላ ተሰይማ። oe4wjtzcmwmmez1l0pywf4q8p8xznsc 0 6242 24659 24658 2023-12-27T16:29:42Z TheMariosonic15 9582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Wikia-Gamescom-2017-Tuesday-039 (36689998936).jpg|thumb|right]] '''ማሪኦ''' (ጃፓንኛ: マリオ፣ እንግሊዝኛ: Mario) ናይ ቪድዮ ጸወታ ገጸ ባህርን ማስኮትን ናይ ጃፓናዊ ኩባንያ ኒንቴንዶ እዩ። belvov5ohidp2gy1d2uxtktzimzb1p4 0 6245 24667 2024-01-08T22:05:32Z Enterosquet 8893 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:it:Special:Redirect/revision/137161838|Disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obsessive-compulsive disorder''' ወይ '''OCD''' (ብእንግሊዝኛ '''''obsessive-compulsive disorder''''' ወይ '''OCD''') ናይ ኣእምሮ ጸገም ኮይኑ '''obsessive-compulsive syndrome''' ወይ '''SOC''' (ብእንግሊዝኛ '''''obsessive-compulsive syndrome''''' ወይ '''OCS''') ተባሂሉ’ውን ይጽዋዕ። ኣብ ገለ ጽሑፋት ከም ''obsessive-compulsive disorder'', ''obsessive-coactive syndrome'' ወይ ድማ ብቐሊሉ ''obsessive-compulsive disorder'' ን ''obsessive syndrome'' ን ተባሂሉ ይፍለጥ እሞ፡ ቅድሚ ምውጽኡ እቲ ዝተመሓየሸ ሳልሳይ ሕታም ናይቲ ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', ከም ''obsessive-compulsive ይፍለጥ (psycho)neurosis'', ''(psycho) obsessive-coactive neurosis'' ወይ ብቐሊሉ ከም ''(psycho) obsessive neurosis'' ን ''(psycho) compulsive neurosis'' ን . እቲ ጸገም፡ እቲ ሕሙም ውሑድ ወይ ውን ዋላ ሓንቲ ቁጽጽር ከምዘይብሉ ዝሕብር ተሪርን ኢጎ-ዲስቶኒክን ሓሳባት ( obsessions ) ከምኡ’ውን ተደጋጋሚ ስርዓታዊ ባህርያት ( compulsions ) ብምህላዉ ዝልለ እዩ። ግዴታዊ ባህርያት መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ዕንደራን ዕላማ ዘይብሉን ኮይኑ ግን ድሌት ናይቲ ዓሚቝ ናይ ጭንቀት ኩነታት ከይተሰምዖ ከይተፈጸመ ክተርፍ ዘይክእል ተገዛኢ የገድዶ። ኣብ ስነ - ኣእምሮኣዊ ትንተና ሕጂ ’ ውን '''ከም ውጥረት ዝመልኦ ኒውሮሲስ''' ይግለጽ ። እዚ ጸገም እዚ ብዓቢ ዝተፈላለየ መልክዕ ዝግለጽ ስነ-ኣእምሮኣዊ ጸገም ዝሓዘ ኮይኑ፡ ብቐንዱ ግን ብኣናንካዝም ዝልለ ኮይኑ ምስ ግዴታታት (ፍሉይ ተግባራት ወይ ክፍጸሙ ዘለዎም ስርዓታት) ዝተኣሳሰሩ ውጥረት ዝመልኦም ሓሳባት ዝሓቖፈ ኮይኑ፡ ነቲ... ውጥረት (obsessions) ዝብል ምዃኑ’ዩ። Obsessive-compulsive disorder − እዚ ብ DSM-IV-TR ፣ ብ2010 ICD-9-CM፣ ብ ICD-10 ከምኡ’ውን ብመርክ ''ዳያግኖስቲክ ማንዋልን'' ኣብ መንጎ ናይ ጭንቀት ጸገማት ዝተመደበን... ''therapy'' − ሕጂ ብብዙሓት ይቑጸር፣ ብሰንኪ እቲ ብጭንቀት ዝፈትሑ መድሃኒታት ንሕክምና ዝህቦ ዘይርጉጽ ምላሽ፣ ከም ርእሰ-ምምሕዳር ዘለዎ ኖሶግራፊክ ኣካል። ስለዚ ውጥረት-ግዴታዊ ጸገም ብናቱ መልክዕ ስነ-ኣእምሮኣዊ ኒውክለስ ተባሂሉ ይግለጽ፣ ፍሉይ መስርሕን ምልክታትን ዘለዎ ፣ ከምኡ’ውን በብቑሩብ ዝቕልቀሉ ዘለዉ ፍሉያት ስነ-ህይወታዊ ምትእስሳራት። ኣብ DSM-5፡ እቲ ፍሉይ ምዕራፍ ''Obsessive-compulsive disorders and related disorders'' ዝበሃል ተፈጢሩ፣ ብዘይካ obsessive-compulsive disorder, hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, dermatillomania (excoriation disorder ), compulsive buying syndrome ዝሓቖፈ ከምኡውን ኩሎም ናይ ድርኺት ምቁጽጻር ጸገማት (ምስ ወልፍን ናይ ኣመጋግባ ጸገማትን ከይተደናገሩ, መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ምስ ሓደ ግዴታዊ ባእታ)። ውጥረት-ግዴታዊ ጭንቀት ምስ ውጥረት-ምግዳድ ስብእናዊ ጸገም (OCPD) ክደናገር የብሉን፣ እዚ ፓቶሎጂ ኣብ ክንድኡ ናይ ስብእና ጸገማት ዝምደብ እዩ . OCD ልዑል ምትሕውዋስ ሕማማት ምስ ምውጋድ ጸገም ፣ ማሕበራዊ ፍርሒ ፣ ስኪዞታይፓል ጸገም ፣ ሓያሎ ፍርሒ ፣ ከምኡውን ገለ ናይ ስሚዒት ጸገማት (ብፍላይ ናይ ጭንቀት ጸገም ) ይውንን። <ref name="vaschetto">P. Vaschetto; S. Bellino; S. Colla; F. Bogetto. ''Disturbo Ossessivo-Compulsivo e Disturbi Fobici: comorbilità e codiagnosi di Asse II'', Giornale Italiano di Psicopatologia.</ref> <ref name="vanvelzen">Van Velzen, 2002</ref> 0p19q9nkv49ndf61cy7yov0975wbmiv 0 6247 24673 2024-01-13T20:21:31Z Clydeofficial 9634 ሓድሽ ገጽ ተፈጢሩ ኣሎ። wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[ባስማላ]]''' ዝብል ኣብ መጀመርታ [[ሱራ]] ኣብ [[ቁርኣን]] ዝርከብ ኮይኑ፡ [[ናምል]] [[ሱራ|ሱራ]] 30 እውን እዩ።[[ ጥቕሲ]] ኣብ . ቢስሚላ ኣብ መጀመርታ ናይ ኩሎም [[ሱራ|ሱራታት]] ብዘይካ [[ሱራ ኣት-ተውባ]] ይርከብ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብቋንቋ [[ቱርኪ]] "[[ብስም [[ኣላህ]] [[መሓሪ]]ን [[መሓሪ]]" ተባሂሉ ይትርጎም። ኣብ መዓልታዊ ህይወት መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ከም ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል "ቢስሚላህ" (ብስም [[ኣላህ|ኣላህ]]) ተባሂሉ ይጥቀመሉ። ኣብ እምነት እስልምና [[ራህማን]]ን [[ራሂም]]ን ክልተ ኣስማት [[ኣላህ]] ኮይኖም ኣብ መንጎ [[99 ኣስማት ኣላህ|እስማ-ኡል ሑስና]] ዝቑጸሩ እዮም። እቲ ቀዳማይ ሰዋስው ቅጽል ክኸውን ከሎ፡ እቲ ካልኣይ ድማ [[exaggeration|exaggeration]] ዘለዎ ገበነኛ ስም እዩ። እቲ müşebbehe ዝብል ቅጽል ንቐጻልነትን ዘይልወጥን ናይቲ ባህሪ ዝገልጽ ኮይኑ፡ እቲ ገበነኛ ዝብል ስም ድማ ምፍጣርን ምሕዳስን ዝገልጽ እዩ። በዚ መዳይ እዚ "[[ራህማን|ብርህራሄ]] ብስም [[ኣላህ]] [[ብምሕረት]]" ተባሂሉ ይርዳእ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብቋንቋ [[ቱርኪ]] "[[ብስም [[ኣላህ]] [[መሓሪ]]ን [[መሓሪ]]" ተባሂሉ ይትርጎም። ይኹን እምበር እዚ ኣጠቓቕማ እዚ ግጉይ እዩ። ኣብዚ ሓረግ ዘይተጠቕሰ፡ ግን ከኣ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ኣንባቢ ከከም ዝጅምሮ ስራሕ ዝዓለመ "... ኣንቢበ፡ እጅምር፡ እገብሮ፡ ይበልዕ" ዝብል ተግባር ኣሎ። "[ብስም [[ኣላህ|ኣላህ]] ምብላዕን ምንባብን" ዝብል ኣበሃህላ [[ቱርኪ|ብቋንቋ ቱርኪ]] "ዝብላዕን ዝተነበበን ምስ ስም [[ኣላህ|ኣላህ]] ብሓባር ይብላዕ ወይ ይንበብ። "።" እዚ ትርጉም እዚ ዝተሓሰበ ስለዘይኮነ፡ ነቲ ዕላማ ብትኽክል ንምግላጽ፡ ብስም [[ኣላህ]] ንሱ [[ረሓሚ]]ን [[መሓሪ]] ስም ብምጥቃስ ቢስሚላህ ንብል። .. ከምኡ’ውን ካብ ... [[ኣላህ|ኣላህ]] ሓገዝ ምሕታት።..” ኢልካ ምትርጓሙ እውን ግቡእ ምኾነ። == ርእይቶታት ብዛዕባ ቢስሚላ == ቢስሚላህ ናይ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ሱራ ናጻ ኣያ ድዩ ወይስ ኣብ መጀመርታ ናይ ኩለን ሱራታት ዝተነበበት ሓንቲ ኣያ ምዃና ኣካታዒ ጉዳይ እዩ። ብመሰረት እቲ ተመራጺ ኣረኣእያ "ቢስሚላ ሱራ ፋቲሃ ጥራይ እያ ስለዚ ድማ ቀዳመይቲ ኣያ ናይ ሙሻፍ እያ"። ምኽንያቱ በዚ መንገዲ ቁጽሪ ኣያታት ናይቲ ሱራ ናብ ሸውዓተ ይውዳእ እሞ ኣብ መበል 87 ኣያ ሱራ ሂጅር ዘሎ ኣበሃህላ ይረጋገጽ:: ''"ብርግጽ እተን ሸውዓተ ዝተደጋገማ ኣያታትን ዓቢ ቁርኣንን ሂብናኩም ኣለና"'' ([[ሂጅር]]፣ 87)። ፋቲሓ ምስ ቢስሚላ ሓቢሩ ሸውዓተ ኣያታት ዝሓዘ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ሰላት [[ረካሕ]] ይድገምን ናይ ክልተ ሰንሰለት ይፍጠርን። ይኹን እምበር፡ እቲ [[ሰላት]] ምስ [[ማእኸል]] ኣብ ዝፍጽመሉ እዋን፡ እቲ [[ኢማም]] ብኣእምሮ ቢስሚላ ይነብዕ፡ ነተን ካልኦት ሽዱሽተ ጥቕስታት [[ሱራል-ፋቲሃ]] ግን ዓው ኢሉ የንብበን። == ባህላዊ ኣጠቓቕማ == ባስማላ ማለት ሓደ [[ሓላል]] ስራሕ ኣብ እትጅምረሉ እዋን ስም ኣላህ ምጥቃስን ነቲ ስራሕ በዚ ስም እዚ ብምጅማር እቲ ስራሕ ጽቡቅን [[ብሩኽን]] ክኸውን ምጽላይ ማለት እዩ። ቢስሚላ ብምቕራጽ ከምዚ ይብል:- "ኦ ጎይታ ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ገለ ክገብር እየ። ስምካ ጠቒሰ ፍቓድካ እሓትት ኣለኹ" ይብል። ስለዚ ኢኻ ናይ ሓራም ነገራት ክትጠቅስ ዘይብልካ። ሓላልን ሰናይ ግብሪን ብስም ኣላህን ብመሰረት ትእዛዛቱን ፍቓዱን ዝፍጸሙ ተግባራት እዮም። ቢስሚላህ [[ሙስሊም|ሙስሊም]] ኣብ ኩሉ ዝገብሮ፡ ኣብ ዝኽተሎ ኩሉ መንገዲ ምስ ኣላህ ምዃኑን ብሓገዝኡ ከም ዝሰርሕን ከም ዝፈልጥ የረጋግጽ። ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ስራሕ ብቐጻሊ ምድግጋም ቢስሚላህ ናይ [[ኣላህ]] ዚኽር ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፡ እቲ ኣስላማይ ኣብ ምሕረቱ ተመርኲሱ ንግዲ ክገብርን ከም ዝፈቐዶ ክሰርሕን ምስ ኣላህ ዝገበሮ ውዕል ምሕዳስ እዩ። እስላማዊ ነቢይ መሓመድ "ኣላህ ነቲ ብስም ቢስሚላሂራህማኒርሂም ጽቡቕ ጌሩ ዝጽሕፍ ሰብ ይቕረ ክብለሉ እዩ" ኢሉ። ኣብቲ ሓዲስ መሰረት ብምግባር ኣብ ምሉእ ታሪኽ እስልምና ኣብ ስነ-ጥበብ ሑስን-ሁ ሃት እውን ኣገዳሲ ቦታ ሒዙ እዩ። 4x6dlhvuyr4vrzugd5hw8doa9riaffa 0 6248 24674 2024-01-14T22:02:51Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1194641090|Yugoslavia national football team]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ዩጎዝላቭያ''' {{efn|{{lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|Фудбалска репрезентација Југославије|Fudbalska reprezentacija Jugoslavije}}; {{lang-hr|Jugoslavenska nogometna reprezentacija}}; {{lang-sl|Jugoslovanska nogometna reprezentanca}}; {{lang-mk|Фудбалска репрезентација на Југославија|Fudbalska reprezentacija na Jugoslavija}}}} ንዩጎዝላቭያ ወኪላ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ማሕበራት ኩዕሶ እግሪ ተሳቲፋ። ዋላ እኳ እታ ጋንታ ብቐንዱ ቅድሚ ኲናት ዝነበረት ንግስነት ዩጎዝላቭያን ድሕሪ ኲናት ዝነበረት SFR ዩጎዝላቭያን ትውክል እንተነበረት፡ ዝተፈላለዩ ምድግጋማት ናይቲ ግዝኣት ብወግዒ ኣብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ተጣይሾም፡ ንሳቶም ድማ፤ * ንግስነት ሰርብያውያን፡ ክሮኤሽያውያንን ስሎቨናውያንን (1918–1929) * ንግስነት ዩጎዝላቭያ (1929–1945) * ዲሞክራስያዊት ፈደራላዊት ዩጎዝላቭያ (1945) * ፈደራላዊት ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ዩጎዝላቭያ (1945–1963) * ሶሻሊስት ፈደራላዊት ሪፓብሊክ ዩጎዝላቭያ (1963–1992) ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ውድድር ዓወት ብምምዝጋብ ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም 1930 ን 1962ን ናብ ፍርቂ ፍጻመ {{efn|1930 World Cup didn't feature a match for the third place. Retroactively, FIFA established rankings based on overall tournament record, placing Yugoslavia at the fourth place}} በጺሓ ። ኣብ 1992 ኣብ እዋን ውግኣት ዩጎዝላቭያ ፡ እታ ጋንታ ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ኣብ ልዕሊ ዩጎዝላቭያ ዝገበሮ እገዳ ካብ ኣህጉራዊ ውድድር ተኣጊዳ ። g0jsfg8lajb49ymk58bx8ldjiyuzehr 0 6249 24675 2024-01-15T22:18:50Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1195661834|Sunil Chhetri]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሱኒል ቸትሪ''' (3 ነሓሰ 1984 ተወሊዱ) ህንዳዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ከም ኣጥቃዓይ ዝጻወትን ሓለቓ ጋንታ ክልቲአን ክለብ ሱፐር ሊግ ህንዲ ቤንጋሉሩ ኤፍ ሲን ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ህንዲን እዩ። ብናይ ምትእስሳር ጸወታ፡ ብናይ ሸቶ ምምዝጋብ ክእለት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብመሪሕነት ይፍለጥ። ካብ ንጡፋት ተጻወትቲ ብድሕሪ [[ክሪስትያኖ ሮናልዶ|ክርስትያኖ ሮናልዶን]] ሊዮነል ሜሲን ጥራይ ሳልሳይ ዝለዓለ ኣህጉራዊ ኣመዝጋቢ ሸቶ ኮይኑ ብሓፈሻ ራብዓይ ደረጃ ኮይኑ፡ ብተወሳኺ ድማ ዝበዝሐ ጸወታታት ዝሓዘ ተጻዋታይን ኣብ ኩሉ ግዜ ዝለዓለ ኣመዝጋቢ ሸቶታት ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ህንዲን እዩ። ንሱ ንሃገርና ብዝገበሮ ኣበርክቶ ሓደ ካብቶም ዝዓበዩ ህንዳውያን ተጻወትቲ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ተባሂሉ ብሰፊሑ ይግለጽ። ቸትሪ ኣብ 2002 ኣብ ሞሁን ባጋን ፕሮፌሽናል ሂወቱ ጀሚሩ ናብ JCT ብምስግጋር ኣብ 48 ጸወታታት 21 ሸቶታት ኣመዝጊቡ። ሱኒል ኣብ ደልሂ ኣብ ዝተኻየደ መበል 59 ሕታም ዋንጫ ሳንቶሽ ኣካል ጋንታ ደልሂ ’ ዩ ነይሩ። ኣብቲ ውድድር ኣንጻር ጉጃራት ሃትሪክ ሓዊሱ 6 ሸቶታት ኣመዝጊቡ ። ደልሂ ኣብ ርብዒ ፍጻመ ብኬራላ ተሳዒራ ኣብቲ ጸወታ ውን ሸቶ ኣመዝጊቡ። ኣብ 2010 ምስ ክለብ ሜጀር ሊግ ሶከር ካንሳስ ሲቲ ዊዛርድስ ፈሪሙ፡ ካብታ ንኡስ ክፍለ ዓለም ናብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ዝኸደ ሳልሳይ ተጻዋታይ ኮይኑ። ናብ ህንዲ I-League ተመሊሱ ቅድሚ ናብ ወጻኢ ሃገር ምምላሱ ምስ ቺራግ ዩናይትድን ሞሁን ባጋንን ተጻዊቱ፡ ኣብ Sporting CP of the Primeira Liga, ኣብኡ ድማ ምስ ተጠባባቒት ጋንታ እታ ክለብ ተጻዊቱ። ቸትሪ ንህንዲ ኣብ 2007 ፣ 2009 ን 2012 ን ዋንጫ ነህሩ ከምኡ ’ ውን ኣብ 2011 ፣ 2015 ፣ 2021 ን 2023 ን ሻምፕዮን ሳፍ ክትዓትር ሓጊዙዋ ። ብተወሳኺ ኣብ 2008 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ዋንጫ ቻለንጅ ኤኤፍሲ ንህንዲ መሪሑዋ፡ እዚ ድማ ድሕሪ 27 ዓመታት ንፈለማ እዋን ናብ ዋንጫ ኤኤፍሲ ኤስያ ኣሕሊፉዋ ኣብ 2011 ኣብ ናይ መወዳእታ ውድድር ክልተ ሸቶታት ኣመዝጊቡ። ኣብ 2016 ቸትሪ ንቤንጋሉሩ ኤፍ ሲ መሪሑ ኣብ ዋንጫ ኤኤፍሲ ብሩር መዳልያ ሒዛ። ቸትሪ ብተወሳኺ ኣብ 2007፡ 2011፡ 2013፡ 2014፡ 2017፡ 2018–19 ከምኡ’ውን 2021–22 7 ግዜ ብሉጽ ተጻዋታይ ኤ.ኣይ.ኤፍ.ኤፍ. ቸትሪ ኣብ 2011 ብዘመዝገቦ ብሉጽ ስፖርታዊ ዓወት ሽልማት ኣርጁና ተቐቢሉ፡ ኣብ 2019 ሽልማት ፓድማ ሽሪ ፡ ራብዓይ ዝለዓለ ሲቪላዊ ሽልማት ህንዲ እዩ። ኣብ 2021 ድማ ሽልማት ኬል ራትና ፡ ዝለዓለ ስፖርታዊ ክብሪ ህንዲ ተቐቢሉ፡ ነቲ ሽልማት ዝተቐበለ ናይ መጀመርታ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ። iurk5mr0qpq1u30605lzuqcccup9dn8 0 6250 24687 2024-01-22T23:10:14Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1197232609|Soviet Union national football team]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሕብረት ሶቭየት''' ( {{lang-rus|сбо́рная СССР по футбо́лу|r=sbórnaya SSSR po futbólu}} &#x3A;<span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span data-ve-ignore="true" title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">сбо́рная СССР по футбо́лу ንዓይ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ ንዓኻ</span></span> [[Category:Articles containing Russian-language text]] <span data-ve-ignore="true">፣</span> <small data-ve-ignore="true">ትር.</small><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span data-ve-ignore="true" title="Russian-language text">''sbórnaya SSSR ፖ ፉትቦሉ''</span> [[Category:Articles containing Russian-language text]] ) ካብ 1922-1992 ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሕብረት ሶቭየት እያ ነይራ። ድሕሪ ምብትታን ሕብረት እታ ጋንታ ናብ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሲኣይኤስ ተቐይራ ። ፊፋ ንሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሲኣይኤስ (ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ ፡ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሩስያ ) ከምታ ናይ ቀደም ክብረወሰናታ እትምድበሎም ተካኢት ጋንታ ሶቭየት ይቖጽራ (ብዘይካ እቶም ብሰንኪ ፖሊሲ IOC ዘይተዋሃሃዱ ክብረወሰናት ኦሎምፒክ)፤ ዝኾነ ኾይኑ፡ ዓቢ ሚእታዊት ካብቶም ናይታ ጋንታ ነበር ተጻወትቲ ካብ ወጻኢ ሩስያዊ SFSR, ብቐንዱ ካብ ዩክሬናዊ SSR, ዝመጹ ኮይኖም፡ ድሕሪ ምብትታን ሕብረት ሶቭየት፡ ገለ ከም በዓል ኣንድሬይ ካንቸልስኪስ ካብ ናይ ቀደም ዩክሬን SSR፡ ኣብ ሓዳስ ሩስያ ምጽዋት ቀጺሎም ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ። ሕብረት ሶቭየት ክልተ ግዜ ጥራይ ማለት ኣብ 1974ን 1978ን ናብ ዋንጫ ዓለም ክትሓልፍ ዘይከኣለት ኮይና፡ ብድምር 7 ናይ መወዳእታ ውድድራት ተሳቲፋ። ዝበለጸ ውጽኢት ዘመዝገባ ኣብ 1966 ፡ ኣብ ፍርቂ ፍጻመ ብዕራብ ጀርመን 2 &#x2013; 1 ተሳዒራ ራብዓይ ደረጃ ሒዛ። ሕብረት ሶቭየት ንሓሙሽተ ሻምፕዮን ኤውሮጳ ሓሊፋ ፡ ኣብ 1960 ኣብ መዛዘሚ ጸወታ [[ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ዩጎዝላቭያ|ንዩጎዝላቭያ]] 2 &#x2013; 1 ኣብ ዝረትዓሉ ናይ መጀመርታ ውድድር ተዓዊታ። ሰለስተ ግዜ ካልኣይቲ ( 1964, 1972, 1988 ) ፡ ሓደ ግዜ ድማ ራብዓይቲ ( 1968 ) ፡ ኣብ ፍርቂ ፍጻመ ምስ ኢጣልያ ማዕረ ድሕሪ ምፍልላያ ፡ ብክሳራ ሳንቲም ምውጥዋጥ ናብ ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ዝሓዘ ጸወታ ፕለይ ኦፍ ተላኢኻ ። ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ሕብረት ሶቭየት ’ ውን ኣብ ብርክት ዝበሉ ውድድራት ኦሎምፒክ ተሳቲፋ ኣብ 1956 ን 1988 ን ወርቂ መዳልያ ረኺባ ። ጋንታ ሶቭየት ዋላ እኳ ፊፋ ኣብ 1958 ዝኾነ ተጻወትቲ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኣብ ኦሎምፒክ ከየቕርቡ እንተኸልከለ (ኣብቲ እዋን ኣብ ኦሎምፒክ ዝነበሩ ተጻወትቲ ኣማተር ክኾኑ ይግደዱ ነይሮም፣ ሶቭየት ብውጽኢታዊ መንገዲ ነቲ ሕግታት ብምዝርዛር ጠውያቶ ኣብ ወተሃደራዊ ስራሕ ብሉጻት ተጻወትቶም)። evb5mo91dk8bz2o2ogaisz6yf2ndl6o 0 6251 24688 2024-01-23T02:59:18Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1198051427|United States men's national soccer team]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ኣሜሪካ''' ( '''USMNT''' ) [[ኣመሪካ|ንኣሜሪካ]] ወኪላ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ውድድራት ኩዕሶ እግሪ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ትሳተፍ። እታ ጋንታ ብፌደሬሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣሜሪካ እትቆጻጸር ኮይና ኣባል ፊፋን ኮንካካፍን እያ ። ጋንታ ኣሜሪካ ኣብ ዓሰርተ ሓደ ዋንጫ ዓለም ፊፋ ተሳቲፋ እያ ፣ እታ ቀዳመይቲ ኣብ 1930 ሓዊሱ ፣ ኣብኡ ድማ ናብ ፍርቂ ፍጻመ በጺሓ፤ ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ሒዛ ክትዛዝም ከላ፡ ድሒራ ብሓፈሻዊ ክብረወሰናት ውድድር ዝተሸለመት ኮይና፡ ካብ ዩዌፋን ኮንሜቦልን ወጻኢ ካብ ዝመጸት ጋንታ ዝበለጸ ውጽኢት ኢዩ። ኣብ 1934 ን 1950ን ተመሊሰን ኣብ ዳሕረዋይ ንእንግሊዝ 1ብ0 ብምስዓር፡ ክሳብ 1990 ግን ዳግማይ ኣይተሓለፋን። ኣብ 1994 ከም ኣአንጋዲት ኣመሪካ ኣውቶማቲክ በርት ረኺባ ኣብ ዙር ዓሰርተ ሽዱሽተ ብብራዚል ተሳዒራ። ናብ ዝቕጽሉ ሓሙሽተ ዋንጫ ዓለም ሓሊፈን (ሸውዓተ ተኸታታሊ ጸወታታት (1990– 2014 )፡ ምስ ካልኦት ሸውዓተ ሃገራት ጥራይ ዝተኻፈለ ቅያ) ሓደ ካብቶም ስሩዓት ተወዳደርቲ ናይቲ ውድድር ኮይነን፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ድማ ናብ ኣውዲቕካ ምሕላፍ ሓሊፈን። ኣመሪካ ኣብ 2002 ናብ ርብዒ ፍጻመ ክትበጽሕ ከላ፡ ብኣካታዒ መንገዲ ድማ ብጀርመን ተሳዒራ ። ኣብ 2009 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ዋንጫ ኮንፈደረሽን ፡ ኣመሪካውያን ኣብ ፍርቂ ፍጻመ ንላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ዝሓዘት ስጳኛ ኣውጺኦምዋ፡ ኣብ መዛዘሚ ጸወታ ብብራዚል ቅድሚ ምኽሳሮም ፡ እታ ጋንታ ኣብ መዛዘሚ ጸወታ ኣብ ሓደ ዓቢ ኣብ መንጎ ኣህጉራት ዝካየድ እንኮ ጸወታ ኢያ። ኣሜሪካ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ውድድራት እውን ትሳተፍ እያ፣ ንሳቶም ድማ ዋንጫ ወርቂ ኮንካካፍ ፣ ሊግ ሃገራት ኮንካካፍን ኮፓ ኣሜሪካን ይርከብዎም። ኣመሪካ 7 ዋንጫ ወርቂ፡ ክልተ ዋንጫ ኔሽንስ ሊግ ክትዓትር ከላ፡ ኣብ 1995 ን 2016 ን ኣብ ክልተ ኮፓስ ኣሜሪካ ራብዓይ ደረጃ ክትሕዝ ክኢላ። ዋና ኣሰልጣኒ እታ ጋንታ ግረግ በርሃልተር ፡ ኣብ ሰነ 2023 ዳግማይ ተመዚዙ <ref name="auto1"></ref> 6z1s202cr3bmfh47eekunnwkzw35y7u 0 6252 24695 2024-01-31T06:28:05Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187328820|Fasil Kenema S.C.]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፋሲል ከነማ ስፖርት ክለብ''' ( [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : ፋሲል ከነማ ስፖርት ክለብ) '''፡ ብፋሲል ከተማ''' ዝፍለጥ፡ ኣብ ክልል ኣምሓራ ጎንደር ዝመደበሩ ፕሮፌሽናል ክለብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ እዩ። ኣብ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ ፡ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ላዕለዋይ ዲቪዥን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢዩ ዝጻወት። e6vs8dryhpxbdh495osmmlgibf4bjxp 0 6253 24696 2024-01-31T06:36:27Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1199826467|Ethiopian Premier League]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ''' ( [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : የኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ)፡ ብስፖንሰርሺፕ ምኽንያት '''ብቤትኪንግ ፕሪምየር ሊግ''' [[ኢትዮጵያ]] ዝፍለጥ፡ ብናይ ኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ ሼር ኩባንያ (ቀደም ካብ 1997 ክሳብ 2020 ፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ዝነበረ) ዝካየድ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ማሕበር ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ እዩ። ). ኣብ 1997 (1990 EC ) ዝተመስረተት ኮይና፡ ነቲ ናይ ቀደም ቀዳማይ ክፍለ ሰራዊት (est. 1944) ተኪኣቶ። ብዓሰርተ ሽዱሽተ ክለባት ዝወዳደር ኮይኑ፡ ምስተን ካልኦት ካልኣይን ሳልሳይን ሊጋት ኢትዮጵያ ብስርዓት ምዕባይን ምውራድን ትሰርሕ። እዚ ሊግ ካብ 1997–98 ዓመተ ስፖርት ጀሚሩ ዓመታዊ ውድድር ኮይኑ [[ቅዱስ ጊዮርጊስ ኤስ.ሲ|፡ ሴንት ጆርጅ]] ኣብዚ ዘመን 15 ዋንጫታት (ብሓፈሻ 30 ዋንጫ ቀዳማይ ዲቪዥን) ብምምዝጋብ ኣብዚ ዘመን መሪሕ ክለብ እታ ሃገር ኮይና ተቐልቂላ። i68h74jg5wxsqslg5t9vh3r3dvpmngy 0 6254 24698 2024-01-31T20:33:31Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1189754240|Aschalew Tamene]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ኣስቻለው ታመነ ስዩም''' ( {{lang-am|አስቻለው ታመነ}} <span data-ve-ignore="true">:</span> <span data-ve-ignore="true" lang="am">አስቻለው ታመነ</span> [[Category:Articles containing Amharic-language text]] <nowiki/>; born 22 November 1991) ኢትዮጵያዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ክለብ ምክልኻል [[ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ|ፕሪምየር ሊግ]] ኢትዮጵያን [[ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ|ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኢትዮጵያን]] ከም ማእከላይ ተኸላኻላይ ዝጻወት እዩ። 85dqlqspb70mshystmg4n1f61em5vgt 0 6255 24699 2024-02-02T13:07:58Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1201939609|Al Hilal SFC]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; font-size: 95%em;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center" |ኣል ሂላል ንጡፋት ክፍልታት |- style="text-align: center" |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''እግሪ ኩዕሶ<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ)''' |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''እግሪ ኩዕሶ<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(ናይ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ)''' |} '''ክለብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ኣል ሂላል''' ( {{Lang-ar|نادي الهلال السعودي}} <span data-ve-ignore="true">:</span> <span data-ve-ignore="true" dir="rtl" lang="ar">نادي الهلال السعودي</span> [[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]] ), ብቐሊሉ ብኣል '''ሂላል''' ዝፍለጥ ኣብ ሪያድ, ስዑዲ ዓረብ ዝመደበሩ ፕሮፌሽናል ብዙሕ ስፖርት ዘለዎ ክለብ እዩ። ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሮም ኣብ ፕሮፌሽናል ሊግ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ትወዳደር ። ብቋንቋ ዓረብ ኣል ሂላል ማለት ''ወርሒ'' ወርሒ ማለት እዩ። ኣብ ኤስያ ብብዝሒ ዝተሰለመት ክለብ ኮይና 66 ወግዓዊ ዋንጫታት ተዓዊታ። ኣል ሂላል ብተወሳኺ ኣብ [[ኤስያ]] ዝበዝሐ ኣህጉራዊ ዋንጫታት ብምምዝጋብ ክብረወሰን ሒዛ ኣላ ፣ ከምኡ ውን ክብረወሰን 18 ዋንጫ ፕሮፌሽናል ሊግ ሒዛ ኣላ። ብ16 ጥቅምቲ 1957 ዝተመስረተት ኣል ሂላል፡ ኣብ 1976 ካብ ዝምስረት ኣትሒዛ ኣብ ኩሉ ዓመታት ፕሮፌሽናል ሊግ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ካብ ዝተሳተፋ ሰለስተ ጋንታታት ሓንቲ እያ። ብሓፈሻ ኣል ሂላል ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ውድድራት 68 ወግዓዊ ዋንጫታት ብምዕታር፡ ኣብ ውሽጣዊ ውድድራት ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ 19 ዋንጫ ፕሮፌሽናል ሊግ ፡ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ 13 ዋንጫ ዋንጫ ዘውዲ ልኡል ፡ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ 7 ዋንጫ ፈደረሽን ስዑዲ ዓረብ ፡ ዓሰርተ ዋንጫ ንጉስ ዋንጫ ፡ ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ ሰለስተ ዋንጫ ሱፐር ካፕ ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ዋንጫ መስራቲ ስዑዲ ዓረብ ። ብደረጃ ኣህጉር፡ ኣል ሂላል ክብረወሰን ዝሓዘ ሸሞንተ ዋንጫታት ኮንፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኤስያ - ሻምፕዮንስ ሊግ ኤኤፍሲ ኣብ 1991 ፡ 2000 ፡ 2019 ን 2021 ን ፡ ዋንጫ ተዓወትቲ ዋንጫ ኤስያ ኣብ 1997 ን 2002 ን ፡ ከምኡ'ውን ሱፐር ካፕ ኤስያ ኣብ 1997 ፡ 2000 ። ኣብ መስከረም 2009 ኣል ሂላል ብ IFFHS ብሉጽ ኤስያዊት ክለብ መበል 20 ክፍለ ዘመን ተባሂላ ተሸሊማ። ብዓለምለኻዊ ደረጃ ኣል ሂላል ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም ክለባት ፊፋ ብዙሕ ጸወታታት ኣካይዱ, ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም ክለባት 2022 ካልኣይ ደረጃ ሒዙ ። itz5ts8d3fz1i7jgan7ly3rk0ei4ozr 0 6256 24700 2024-02-02T20:26:48Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1188553753|Yared Bayeh]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ያሬድ ባየሕ በላይ''' ( {{lang-am|ያሬድ ባየህ በላይ}} <span data-ve-ignore="true">:</span> <span data-ve-ignore="true" lang="am">ያሬድ ባየህ በላይ</span> [[Category:Articles containing Amharic-language text]] <nowiki/>; born 22 January 1995) ኢትዮጵያዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ [[ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ]] ክለብ ባህርዳር ከነማን [[ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ|ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኢትዮጵያን]] ከም ማእከላይ ተኸላኻላይ ዝጻወት እዩ። 98cdh9asw7tw2m29aybutye18mw6abe 0 6257 24705 2024-02-09T01:52:44Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1202287359|Persija Jakarta]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="font-size: 88%; width: 22em; text-align: center" ! colspan="3" style="font-size: 125%; background-color:#FF0000; color:white; text-align:center;" | ንጡፋት ክፍልታት ናይ... ፐርሲያ ጃካርታ |- style="text-align: center" |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''''እግሪ ኩዕሶ''''' |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''ኩዕሶ እግሪ (ናይ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ)''' |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''ኩዕሶ እግሪ ትሕቲ 20 ዓመት (ደቂ ተባዕትዮ)''' |- style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center" |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''[[Persija U-18|ኩዕሶ እግሪ ትሕቲ 18 ዓመት]]<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ)''' |[[ፋይል:Football_pictogram.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''[[Persija U-16|ኩዕሶ እግሪ ትሕቲ 16 ዓመት]]<br /><br /><br /><br />'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> '''(ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ)''' |[[ፋይል:Simple_Game.svg|40x40px]]</img><br /><br /><br /><br />'''[[Persija Esports|ኢስፖርት።]]''' |} '''ፐርሳቱያን ሰፓክቦላ ኢንዶነዥያ ጃካርታ''' (Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jakarta፤ ብሓጺሩ '''ፐርሲጃ''' ) ፡ ብተለምዶ '''ፐርሲጃ ጃካርታ''' ተባሂላ እትፍለጥ ፡ ኣብ ርእሰ ከተማ ኢንዶነዥያ ጃካርታ እትመደበራ ፕሮፌሽናል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢንዶነዥያዊት ክለብ እያ። ፐርሲያ ጃካርታ ኣብ [[ኢንዶኔስያ|ኢንዶነዥያ]] ካብ ዘለዋ ዕዉታት ክለባት ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኮይና 2 ዋንጫ ሊግ ኢንዶነዥያን 9 ዋንጫ ፐርሰሪካታንን ኣመዝጊባ። ኢንዶነዥያ ናጻ ሃገር ቅድሚ ምዃና ዓሰርተ ሓሙሽተ ዓመት ኣብ 1930 ሃገር-ለኸ ውድድር ካብ ዝጅምር ኣብ ታሕተዋይ ሊግ ኮይና ኣይትፈልጥን። ፐርሲያ ምስ ካልኦት ሽዱሽተ ክለባት ሓደ ካብ መስረትቲ ማሕበር ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢንዶነዥያ ፒኤስኤስኣይ እዩ። ፐርሲጃ ምስ ብጻያ መስራቲ ፒኤስኤስኣይ ፐርሲብ ባንዱንግ ዝነበራ ንሕንሕ ንዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ዝቐጸለ ኮይኑ፡ ሓሓሊፉ ብዓመጽ ተበላሽዩ። hj6uid01j8tek5emdltj8g2rwa1sg78 0 6258 24706 2024-02-10T01:49:35Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1204697345|Indonesia national football team]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢንዶነዥያ''' (Tim nasional sepak bola Indonesia) [[ኢንዶኔስያ|ንኢንዶነዥያ]] ወኪሉ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ይጻወት ። ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም ፊፋ ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ሕታም 1938 ከም ሆላንድ ምብራቕ ኢንዲስ ዝተሳተፈት ናይ መጀመርታ ኤስያዊት ጋንታ እያ ነይራ። ኣብ ቀዳማይ ዙርያ ብናይ መወዳእታ ናብ ፍጻመ ዝበጽሐት ሃንጋሪ 6ብ0 ዝተሳዕረትሉ ግጥም፡ እታ ሃገር ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም እንኮ ጸወታ ኮይና ትቕጽል ኣላ። በዚ ድማ ኢንዶነዥያ ዝወሓደ ጸወታታት ዘካየደት ጋንታ (1) ከምኡ’ውን ሓንቲ ካብተን ዝወሓደ ሸቶታት ዘመዝገባ ጋንታታት (0) ብምዃና ክብረወሰን ዋንጫ ዓለም ሒዛ ኣላ። <ref name="afc" /> እታ ጋንታ ኣብ ኦሎምፒክ ዝተሳተፈትሉ እንኮ ኣብ 1956 እዩ ። ኢንዶነዥያ ንሓሙሽተ ኣጋጣሚታት ናብ ዋንጫ ኤስያ ኤኤፍሲ ሓሊፋ፡ ኣብ ሕታም 2023 ንፈለማ እዋን ናብ ኣውዲቕካ ምሕላፍ ሓሊፋ፡ ካብ ዙር 16 ወጺኣ። ኢንዶነዥያ ኣብ 1958 ኣብ ቶክዮ ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ውድድር ኤስያ ነሓስ መዳልያ ረኺባ። <ref name="RSSSF" /> እዛ ጋንታ ንሽዱሽተ ኣጋጣሚታት ናብ ናይ መወዳእታ ግጥም ሻምፕዮን ኤኤፍኤፍ በጺሓ'ኳ እንተነበረት ሻምፕዮን ኮይና ኣይትፈልጥን። ምስ ጋንታታት ኣሴን ዞባዊ ንሕንሕ ይካፈላ፣ ብፍላይ ድማ ምስ ማሌዥያ ዝግበር ንሕንሕ ፣ ብቐንዱ ብሰንኪ ፖለቲካውን ባህላውን ወጥሪ። sln8tgteym03jk500dkmi1iubjnsry1 0 6259 24707 2024-02-10T02:00:50Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1205548038|Malaysia national football team]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ማሌዥያ''' (Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Malaysia) ንማሌዥያ ወኪሉ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ዝጻወት ኮይኑ፡ ብማሕበር ኩዕሶ እግሪ ማሌዥያ ዝቆጻጸር ’ ዩ። እታ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ማሌዥያ ቅድሚ ምምስራታ ሓደ ወርሒ ንውድድር መርደካ 1963 ዝተመስረተት ካብ ስራሕ ዝሰኣነት ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ማላያ ተካኢት ምዃና ብፊፋ ኣፍልጦ ረኺባ እያ። እታ ጋንታ ንማላያዊ ነብሪ ብምጥቃስ ብወግዒ ''ሃሪማው ማላያ'' ዝብል ሳጓ ተዋሂብዋ ኣሎ ። ተጻዋታይ ነበር ሞኽታር ዳሃሪ ኣብ ታሪኽ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዉ ብሉጻት ኣመዝገብቲ ሸቶታት ሓደ ኢዩ። 4 ጋንታታት ዝሓቖፈት ጉጅለ (እተን ካልኦት ሰለስተ ሲንጋፖር፡ ቬትናምን ታይላንድን እየን) ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ኤስያ ነፍሲ ወከፈን እንተወሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ሻምፕዮን ኤኤፍኤፍ ዝዓተራ ፡ ሓደ ግዜ ተዓዊተን፡ ማሌዥያ ግን ካብ ዞባኣ ወጻኢ ካብ ሀ ኣብ 1974 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ውድድር ኤስያ ነሓስ ተዓዊቱ ። ኣብ ሓጋይ ኦሎምፒክ ሓንሳብን ኣርባዕተ ዋንጫታት ኤኤፍሲ ኤስያን ዝተሳተፈት ጋንታ ፡ ካብ ምድብ ምድብ ወጻኢ ገስጊሳ ኣይትፈልጥን። ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ መድረኽ ዓበይቲ ተቓወምቲ ማሌዥያ ጂኦግራፍያዊ ጎረባብታ – [[ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢንዶነዥያ|ኢንዶነዥያ]] ፣ ሲንጋፖር ፣ ታይላንድን እየን – ዝሓለፋ ግጥማት ተፈሪየን ብፍላይ ድማ፣ ኢንዶነዥያ ዘሳትፍ ግጥማት ካብዞም ምስ ፖለቲካውን ማሕበራውን ጉዳያት ዝሰማማዕ ዝያዳ ውዑይ ምዃኑ፣ ብስም ' ኑሳንታራ ደርቢ ' ተባሂሉ ተሰይሙ። . ምስ ካምቦድያ እውን ንሕንሕ ማዕቢሉ ነይሩ፣ “The Koupreys” ካብ ምጅማር ሻምፕዮን ኤኤፍኤፍ ጀሚሩ ኣብ ዝጻወትዎ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ጸወታ ኣንጻር ማሌዥያ ክትዕወቱ ፈቲኖም ነይሮም። ማሌዥያ ካብ 2020ታት ጀሚራ፡ ተስፋ ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪኣ ዳግማይ ንምትንሳእ ኣብ ዝግበር ፈተነ ፡ ካብ ወጻኢ ዝመጹን ተፈጥሮኣዊ ዝኾኑን ተጻወትቲ ብዝያዳ ክትስለፍ ጸኒሓ። r89wiq29z27hwy4kowoq76w2z3bduwe 0 6261 24709 2024-02-11T00:30:17Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1204952267|India national football team]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ህንዲ''' [[ህንዲ|ንህንዲ]] ወኪላ ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ኩዕሶ እግሪ እትጻወት ኮይና ብፌደሬሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ መላእ ህንዲ (AIFF) ትመሓደር። እታ ኣብ ደቡብ ኤስያ ዝበለጸት ጋንታ ተባሂላ እትግለጽ ጋንታ፡ ኣብ 1951 ን 1962ን ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ውድድር ኤስያ ክልተ ወርቂ መዳልያታት ክትዓትር ከላ፡ ኣብ 1956 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሓጋይ ኦሎምፒክ ድማ ራብዓይ ደረጃ ሒዛ። ህንዲ ኣብ ዋንጫ ዓለም ተሳቲፋ ኣይትፈልጥን እያ ፡ ዋላ እኳ ካልኦት ኩለን ኣብ መጻረዪ ምድብ ዝነበራ ሃገራት ድሕሪ ምስሓባ ብነባሪ ንዋንጫ ዓለም 1950 ሓሊፋ። ይኹን እምበር ህንዲ ቅድሚ ምጅማር እቲ ውድድር ስሒባ። እታ ጋንታ ኣብ ዋንጫ ኤስያ ኤኤፍሲ ፡ ላዕለዋይ ሻምፕዮን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኤስያ ’ ውን ኣርባዕተ ግዜ ተሳቲፋ ኣብ 1964 ድማ ካልኣይቲ ኮይና ዛዚማ። ህንዲ ኣብቲ ኣብ ደቡብ ኤስያ ዝለዓለ ዞባዊ ውድድር ኩዕሶ እግሪ ዝኾነ ሳፍ ሻምፕዮን ’ ውን ትሳተፍ። ኣብ 1993 ካብ ዝምስረት ኣትሒዛ 9 ግዜ ክብረወሰን ውድድር ተዓዊታ። ኣብ መበል 21 ክፍለ ዘመን፡ ብዘይካ ዓወታት ሻምፕዮን ሳፍ፡ ህንዲ ኣብ ሕታማት 2007 ን 2009ን ዋንጫ ኔሩ ተዓዊታ። ህንዲ ኣብ 2008 AFC Challenge Cup ውን ተዓዊታ ፡ በዚ ድማ እታ ጋንታ ድሕሪ ናይ 27 ዓመት ፍልልይ ናብ ዋንጫ ኤስያ ሓሊፋ። gc0kwlief0vunxtf47kdexjeg49decu 0 6262 24712 24711 2024-02-13T01:48:49Z 185.48.101.138 Blanked the page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 6263 24769 24713 2024-05-09T00:47:47Z InternetArchiveBot 7470 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Nicolas Cage 2011 CC.jpg|thumb|ኒኮላስ ኬጅ ኣብ 2011 [[ኣብ ሳንዲያጎ ኮሚክ-ኮን።]]]] '''ኒኮላስ ኪም ኮፖላ''' (7 ጥሪ 1964 ተወሊዱ)፡ ብናይ መድረኽ ስሙ '''ኒኮላስ ኬጅ''' ዝፍለጥ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይን ኣፍራዪ ፊልምን እዩ። ንሱ ተቐባሊ ናይ ዝተፈላለየ ናእዳታት ዝተፈላለዩ ሽልማት፡ [[ሽልማት ኣካዳሚ]]፡ [[ሽልማት ስክሪን ኣክተራት ጊልድ]]፡ ከምኡ’ውን [[ሽልማት ወርቃዊ ግሎብ]] ከምኡ’ውን ንኽልተ ሽልማት ባፍታ ሕጹያት። ካብ ስድራቤት ኮፖላ ዝተወልደ ኬጅ፡ ሞያኡ ኣብ ከም [[ፋስት ታይምስ ኣብ ሪጅሞንት ሃይ]] (1982) ከምኡ’ውን [[ቫሊ ጓል]] (1983) ዝኣመሰላ ፊልምታት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ዝተፈላለዩ ፊልምታት ኣኮኡ [[ፍራንሲስ ፎርድ ኮፖላ]] ከም [[ራምብል ፊሽ ዝኣመሰሉ ፊልምታት ጀሚሩ]] (1983)፡ [[ክለብ ጡጥ]] (1984)፡ ከምኡ’ውን [[ፔጊ ሱ ተመርዕያ]] (1986)። ኣብ [[ወርሒ ዝሃረመ]] (1987) ከምኡ’ውን [[ኣሪዞና ምዕባይ]] (1987) ብዝተጻወቶ ተራታት ነቐፌታዊ ዓወት ረኺቡ፣ ቅድሚ ብድራማዊት ፊልም [[ካብ ላስ ቬጋስ ወጺኡ]] (1995) ብሉጽ ተዋሳኣይ ዝብል ሽልማት ኣካዳሚ ረኺቡ። ኣብታ ኮሜዲ-ድራማ ፊልም [[ምትዕጽጻፍ (ፊልሚ)|ምትዕጽጻፍ]] (2002) ማንታ ቻርሊን ዶናልድ ካውፍማንን ብምጽዋት ንኦስካር ተሓጽዩ። ኬጅ ኣብ ቀንዲ ኣክሽን ፊልምታት ከም [[ዘ ሮክ (ፊልሚ)|ዘ ሮክ]] (1996)፣ [[ኮን ኤር]] (1997)፣ [[ፌስ/ኦፍ|ፌስኦፍ]] (1997)፣ [[ጎን ኢን 60 ካልኢት]] (2000)፣ ተኸታታሊ ፊልምታት ሃገራዊ ስንቂ (2004–2007)፡ ተኸታታሊ ፊልምታት ጎስት ራይደር (2007–2011)፡ ከምኡ’ውን [[ኪክ-ኣስ (ፊልሚ)|ኪክ-ኣስ]] (2010)። ብተወሳኺ ኣብ [[ከተማ መላእኽቲ]] (1998)፡ [[ምዉታት ምውጻእ]] (1999)፡ [[ሰብ ስድራቤት]] (2000)፡ [[ማችስቲክ መን]] (2003)፡ ከምኡ’ውን [[ዘ ዊከር ማን]] (2006)። ኣብ ፍራንቸይዝ ዘ ክሩድስ (2013–ሕጂ) ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ [[ስፓይደር-ማን: ኢንቱ ዘ ስፓይደር-ቨርስ]] (2018) ንገጸ ባህርያት ድምጺ ሂቡ እዩ። ኣብ ማንዲ (2018)፡ ፒግ (2021)፡ [[ዘ ዘይጽወር ክብደት ማሲቭ ታለንት]] (2022) ከምኡ’ውን [[ድሪም ስናርዮ]] (2023) ብዝተጻወቶ ተራታት ዳግማይ ናይ ነቐፍቲ ኣፍልጦ ረኺቡ። ኬጅ ናይ ምፍራይ ኩባንያ [[ሳተርን ፊልምስ]] ዝውንን ኮይኑ፡ ከም [[ሻዶው ኦፍ ዘ ቫምፓየር]] (2000) ከምኡ’ውን ዘ [[ላይፍ ኦፍ ዴቪድ ጌል]] (2003) ዝኣመሰላ ፊልምታት ኣፍሪዩ፡ ከምኡ’ውን [[ሶኒ (ፊልሚ)|ሶኒ]] ኣካይዱ። (2002) ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣቕሪቡ። ኣብ 2007 ኣብ መጽሔት ኢምፓየር ኣብ ዝርዝር ዘ ብሉጻት 100 ኮኾባት ፊልም ኦፍ ኦል ታይም ቁጽሪ 40 ክስራዕ እንከሎ፡ ኣብ 2008 ድማ ኣብ ፕሪሚየር 100 ሞስት ፓወርፉል ፒፕል ኢን ሆሊዉድ ቁጽሪ 37 ተሰሪዑ። == መወከሲታት == # https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/07/UPI-Almanac-for-Monday-Jan-7-2019/6991546835238/?ur3=1  # https://archive.org/details/nicolascage0000nade # https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2022/apr/21/to-celebrate-an-unforgettable-career-here-are-the-/ # https://web.archive.org/web/20231221225405/https://bnnbreaking.com/arts/nicolas-cage-a-versatile-career-and-the-complexities-of-fame/ # https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/oct/02/mandy-nicolas-cage-the-most-maverick-actor-since-marlon-brando # https://www.rogerebert.com/features/the-whole-parade-on-the-incomparable-career-of-nicolas-cage # https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/08/07/enduring-strangeness-nicolas-cage # https://www.hollywoodinsider.com/nicolas-cage-tribute-journey/ # https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/nicolas-cage-retiring-movies-acting-1235709589/ g2atjjhkdpcqj2cv9z45xmzjx63dj2p 0 6265 24716 2024-02-15T12:38:13Z !!asa,njgh 9503 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1206487439|Adolf Hitler]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Adolf Hitler Berghof-1936.jpg|thumb|ኣዶልፍ ሂትለር]]    ኣዶልፍ ሂትለር (20 ሚያዝያ 1889 – 30 ሚያዝያ 1945) መራሒ [[ናዚ ፓርቲ]]ን ቻንስለር ጀርመንን እዩ ነይሩ። መርዛም ጸረ-ሴማውያንን ሃገራውያንን ስነ-ሓሳባቱ ናብ [[ሆሎኮስት]]፡ ኣብ እዋን [[ካልኣይ ኲናት ዓለም]] ኣብ ልዕሊ ሽዱሽተ ሚልዮን ኣይሁድን ካልኦት ሚልዮናትን ስርዓታዊ ምጽናት ዓሌት ኣምሪሑ። ናይ ሂትለር ናይ ግዝኣታዊ ምስፍሕፋሕ መደባት ካልኣይ ኲናት ዓለም ኣበጊሱ፣ ወተሃደራዊ ግጉይ ስሌታቱ ድማ ኣንጻር [[ኣክሲስ ሓይልታት]] ዝቕየር ውሕጅ ኣበርክቶ ገይሩ። ኪዳን ሃገራት ኣብ ዝዓጸዉሉ እዋን፡ ሂትለር ብ30 ሚያዝያ 1945 ኣብቲ ኣብ በርሊን ዝነበሮ ድፋዕ ነብሱ ቀተለ። ኣዶልፍ ሂትለር፡ ብ20 ሚያዝያ 1889፡ ኣብ [[ብራውናው ኣም ኢን]]፡ [[ኦስትርያ-ሃንጋሪ]] (ሕጂ [[ኦስትርያ]]) ዝተወልደ ኮይኑ፡ ብቓልስ ዝተለለየ በዳሂ ቁልዕነት ኣሕሊፉ። ኣቡኡ [[ኣሎይስ ሂትለር]] ተሪር ስለ ዝነበረ፡ ኣብ ቀዳሞት ዓመታት ሂትለር እታ ስድራቤት ብተደጋጋሚ ትግዕዝ ነይራ። ድሕሪ ሞት ኣቡኡ ብ1903፡ ሂትለር ስነ-ጥበባዊ ናይ ምዃን ሕልሙ ናብ [[ቪየና]] ኣምሪሑዎ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ካብ ኣካዳሚ ስነ-ጥበብ ምንጻግ ኣጋጢምዎ። ሂትለር ፋይናንሳዊ ቃልሲ ስለ ዘጋጠሞ፡ ዘላቒ ናብራ ይነብር ነበረ፣ ኣብ መዕቆቢ ገዛ ዘይብሎም ሰባት ግዜ የሕልፍን ከም ሸቃላይን ቀባእን ድኹም ኣታዊ ይረክብ ነበረ። ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ዘጋጠሞ ተመኩሮታት ንቂምታኡን ሃገራዊ ኒሕኡን ዝቐረጸ ኮይኑ፡ ድሒሩ ንፖለቲካዊ እምነታቱ ነዳዲ ገይርዎ። ኣብ [[ቀዳማይ ኲናት ዓለም]] ኣብ ሰራዊት ጀርመን ኣብ ዘገልገለሉ እዋን ዝተሰለመ እዩ። ብ1919 ኣብ [[ጀርመን ሸቃሎ ፓርቲ]] (DAP) ተጸንቢሩ፡ ቅድመ-ሰልፊ ናዚ ኮይኑ፡ ብ1921 ድማ መራሒ ሰልፊ ናዚ ኮይኑ ተመዚዙ። ብ1923 ኣብ ሙኒክ ብዝፈሸለ ዕልዋ መንግስቲ ስልጣን መንግስቲ ክሕዝ ፈቲኑ፡ ንሓሙሽተ ዓመት ክእሰር ተፈሪድዎ፡ ካብቲ ዝተፈርዶ ፍርዱ ድማ ልዕሊ ሓደ ዓመት ኣሕሊፉ። ኣብኡ እንከሎ ድማ ንመጀመርታ ጥራዝ ናይታ ኣውቶባዮግራፊኡን ፖለቲካዊ ማኒፌስቶኡን [[ሜን ካምፕፍ]] ("ቃልሰይ") ኣመሓላሊፉ። ሂትለር ኣብ 1924 ብኣግኡ ምስ ተፈትሐ ን [[ውዕል ቨርሳይ]] [[ብምጥቃዕን]] [[ፓን-ጀርመንነት]]፣ [[ጸረ-ሴማውነት]]ን [[ጸረ-ኮሚኒዝም]]ን ብካሪዝማቲክ ኣዘራርባን ናዚ ፕሮፖጋንዳን ብምስፋሕ ህዝባዊ ደገፍ ረኺቡ። ብተደጋጋሚ ንኣህጉራዊ ርእሰማላውነትን ኮሚኒዝምን ከም ኣካል [[ኣይሁዳዊ ውዲት ይኹንን ነይሩ]]። ክሳብ ሕዳር 1932 ሰልፊ ናዚ ኣብ ራይክስታግ ዝበዝሐ መንበር ሒዙ እኳ እንተነበረ፡ ዝበዝሐ ድምጺ ግን ኣይነበሮን። ዝኾነ ፖለቲካዊ ሰልፊ ንሓደ ሕጹይ ቻንስለር ዝድግፍ ናይ ኣብዝሓ ድምጺ ጥምረት ክምስርት ኣይከኣለን። ቻንስለር ነበር [[ፍራንዝ ፎን ፓፐን]] ካልኦት ዓቃባውያን መራሕቲ ንፕረዚደንት [[ፖል ፎን ሂንደንበርግ]] ንሂትለር ቻንስለር ክኸውን ብ30 ጥሪ 1933 ኣእሚኖምዎ። ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ራይክስታግ ናይ 1933 ሕጊ ኣኽእሎ ኣጽዲቑ ን [[ዋይማር ሪፓብሊክ]] ናብ ናዚ ጀርመን ናይ ምቕያር መስርሕ ጀሚሩ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ፍጹም ምልካዊ ምልካዊ ስነ-ሓሳብ ናዚዝም ዝተመስረተ ሓደ ሰልፊ ዘለዎ ምልካዊ ስርዓት እዩ። ሂንደንበርግ ብ2 ነሓሰ 1934 ምስ ሞተ፡ ሂትለር ተኪኡ፡ ብሓንሳብ ፍጹም ስልጣን ዘለዎ መራሒ ሃገርን መንግስትን ኰነ። ሂትለር ነቲ ድሕሪ ቀዳማይ ኲናት ዓለም ብፈረንሳን [[ሃጸይነት እንግሊዝን]] ዝዓብለሎ ኣህጉራዊ ስርዓት በደል ኮይኑ ዝረኣዮ ንምምካት [[ጀርመናውያን ኣይሁድ]] ክጥረዝ ወይ ክቐትልን ሓድሽ ስርዓት ክምስርትን ደለየ። ኣብ ስልጣን ዝነበረ ቀዳሞት ሽዱሽተ ዓመታት ካብ [[ዓቢ ቅልውላው ቁጠባ]] ቅልጡፍ ቁጠባዊ ምሕዋይ፣ ድሕሪ ቀዳማይ ውግእ ዓለም ኣብ ልዕሊ ጀርመን ዝተነበረ እገዳታት ምድምሳስ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ብሚልዮናት ብሄረ ጀርመናውያን ዝነብሩሉ ግዝኣታት ምሕዋስ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ መጀመርታ ርኡይ ህዝባዊ ደገፍ ሂብዎ። gko5i5savfx9ii1mk0ocvtm0xbozsvr 0 6266 24717 2024-02-28T10:33:10Z !!asa,njgh 9503 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1210671913|Francisco Franco]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:RETRATO DEL GRAL. FRANCISCO FRANCO BAHAMONDE.jpg|thumb|ሚስተር ፍራንሲስኮ ፍራንኮ]]    ሚስተር '''ፍራንሲስኮ ፍራንኮ ባሃሞንደ''' (4 ታሕሳስ 1892 – 20 ሕዳር 1975 {{IPA-es|fɾanˈθisko ˈfɾaŋko βa.aˈmonde|lang}}) ኣብ እዋን ኲናት ሓድሕድ ስጳኛ ንሃገራውያን ሓይልታት መሪሑ ንካልኣይቲ ሪፓብሊክ ስጳኛ ንምውዳቕ ዝመርሐን ብድሕሪኡ ድማ ካብ 1939 ክሳብ 1975 ከም [[ውልቀ መላኺ]] ኮይኑ ኣብ ልዕሊ ስጳኛ ዝገዝአን ውልቀ መላኺ ስጳኛ እዩ። ''[[ካውዲሎ]]''። ኣብ ታሪኽ ስጳኛ ካብ ሃገራዊ ዓወት ክሳብ ምጥፋእ ፍራንኮ ዝዝርጋሕ ዘመን ፍራንኮዊት ስጳኛ ወይ ፍራንኮዊ ምልካዊ ስርዓት ተባሂሉ ክጽዋዕ ልሙድ እዩ። ሚስተር ፍራንሲስኮ ፍራንኮ ኣብ ፈሮል ጋሊስያ ካብ ላዕለዋይ ደርቢ ወተሃደራዊ ስድራቤት ተወሊዱ፣ ፍራንኮ ኣብ ሰራዊት ስጳኛ ካብ 1907 ክሳብ 1910 ኣብ ኣካዳሚ ኣጋር ሰራዊት ቶለዶ ከም ካዴት ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ።ኣብ [[ሞሮኮ]] ኣብ ዘገልገለሉ እዋን ብመሳርዕ ኣቢሉ ወሲኹ ናብ… ኣብ 1926 ኣብ መበል 33 ዓመት ዕድሚኡ ብርጋዴር ጀነራል ኮይኑ።ድሕሪ ክልተ ዓመት ፍራንኮ ዳይረክተር ናይቲ ኣብ ዛራጎዛ ዝርከብ ሓፈሻዊ ወተሃደራዊ ኣካዳሚ ኰነ። ፍራንኮ ዓቃባውን ንጉሳውን ዝንባለታት እኳ እንተነበሮ፡ ምድምሳስ ንግስነትን ምምስራት ካልኣይቲ ሪፓብሊክን ኣብ 1931 ተስፋ ቆሪጹ።ምዕጻው ኣካዳሚኡ እውን ኣዝዩ ጸልይዎ፤ እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እናሃለወ ኣብ ሰራዊት ሪፓብሊካን ምግልጋሉ ቀጸለ።<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3679213</ref> ኣብ 1933 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ምርጫ የማናውያን [[CEDA]] ን [[PRR]] ን ዓወት ምስ ኣረጋገጹ፡ ሞያኡ ዕቤት ኣጋጢምዎ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቲ ኣብ 1934 ኣብ ኣስቱርያስ ዝተኻየደ ናዕቢ ንምዕጋት ክመርሕ ኣኽኢልዎ። ፍራንኮ ንሓጺር እዋን ናይ ሓለቓ ስታፍ ሰራዊት ተራ ሒዙ ክሳብ እቲ ኣብ 1936 ዝተኻየደ ምርጫ ንጸጋማዊ ህዝባዊ ግንባር ናብ ስልጣን ዘምጽእ ኮይኑ፡ ናብ ደሴታት ካናሪ ዳግማይ ክምደብ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ። == መወከሲታት == 00r2ofb02sc8hl3ea7xskiu89qd1zee 0 6267 24724 2024-03-06T18:30:55Z 85.104.98.225 Atamı ekledim wikitext text/x-wiki Muሙስጣፋ ከማል ኣታቱርክ[c] (1881,[d] ተሰሎንቄ፡ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን - 10 ሕዳር 1938፡ ኢስታንቡል፡ ቱርኪ) ቱርካዊ ወተሃደር፡ መንግስታዊ፡ ዋና ኣዛዚ ኲናት ናጽነት ቱርኪ፡ መስራትን ቀዳማይ ፕረዚደንትን ናይቲ... ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ።. [[ፋይል:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk(ሙስጠፋ ከማል ኣታቱርክ)|thumb|alt=Mustafa Kemal Atatürk(ሙስጠፋ ከማል ኣታቱርክ)|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk(ሙስጠፋ ከማል ኣታቱርክ)]] gfj362qi5cumm5t81jdnlef3paxb96a 0 6270 24732 2024-03-15T00:28:09Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1207226677|Adama City F.C.]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ክለብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ከተማ ኣዳማ''' ( ኦሮሞ : ''Garee Kubbaa Miilaa Magaalaa Adaamaa'' ; [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : አኳማ ከተማ እግር ክስለብ)ኣብ ክልል ኦሮሚያ ኣዳማ ዝመደበሩ ናይ ኢትዮጵያ ፕሮፌሽናል ክለብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢዩ። እዛ ክለብ ኣብ 1991 ዝተመስረተት ኮይና ኣብዚ ሕዚ እዋን ኣብ [[ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ]] ፣ ላዕለዋይ ዲቪዥን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢትዮጵያ ትሳተፍ ኣላ። ኣዳማ ሲቲ ብዘይካ እታ ጋንታ ናብ ምውራድ ዝኸደትላ ሓንቲ ዓመት ኣብዚ ሊግ ብቐጻሊ ክትሳተፍ ኣለዋ። ዝበለጸ ግዜ እታ ጋንታ ኣብ 2008 ካልኣይቲ ኮይና ኣብ 2017-18 ንዝተወሰነ ግዜ ኣብ ቅድሚት ሊግ ክትጸንሕ ከላ እያ እዚ ድማ 5ይ ደረጃ ኮይና ተዛዚማ። ጋንታ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ኣብ 2018-19 ዋንጫ ብምዕታር ሎዛ ኣበራን ሰናፍ ዋኩማን ወርቃዊት ኩዕሶን ቦትን ብቕደም ተኸተል ተዓዊተን ኣለዋ። ss8tv698itttqliuvyx24ag6kt9kggn 0 6271 24733 2024-03-15T00:41:25Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1213765170|Wolkite City F.C.]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ወልቂት ከተማ ኤፍ.ሲ''' ( [[ቋንቋ ኣምሓርኛ|ኣምሓርኛ]] : {{Lang|am|ወልቂጤ ከተማ}} ፣ '''{{Lang|am-latn|Wolkite Ketema}}''' ) ኣብ ወልኪተ ፣ ኢትዮጵያ ዝመደበሩ ፕሮፌሽናል ክለብ ኩዕሶ እግሪ እዩ። ኣብ [[ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ]] ፡ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ላዕለዋይ ዲቪዥን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኢዩ ዝጻወት። g5s3l6p84yz57m6dxyft0wund8a0p5c 0 6272 24734 2024-03-15T04:06:41Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1213702619|2023 Africa Cup of Nations]]" wikitext text/x-wiki ብሕጽር ዝበለ '''2023''' '''AFCON''' ወይ '''CAN 2023''' ዝፍለጥን ንዕላማ ስፖንሰርሺፕ ድማ '''ቶታልኢነርጂስ 2023 ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ''' ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ 2023 ብኮንፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣፍሪቃ ( CAF) ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። [[ኣይቮሪ ኮስት|ብኣይቮሪኮስት]] ዝተኣንገደ ኮይኑ፡ ድሕሪ ሕታም 1984 ንኻልኣይ ግዜ ኣብታ ሃገር ዝተኻየደ ’ ዩ። እዚ ሕታም ናይዚ ውድድር ኣብ መጀመርታ ኣብ ግዜ ሓጋይ ሰሜናዊ ንፍቀ ክቢ ከም ዋንጫ 2019 ክካየድ መደብ ተታሒዙሉ ኔሩ ፣ ምእንቲ ምስ ጋንታታት ክለባት ኤውሮጳን ውድድራትን ዝፍጠር ናይ መደብ ግርጭታት ንምንካይ። ይኹን እምበር፡ እቲ ውድድር ንዕላማ ስፖንሰርሺፕ ነቲ መበቆላዊ ስም እኳ እንተዓቀበ፡ ብሰንኪ ስክፍታታት ኩነታት ኣየር ሓጋይ ኣብ ኣይቮሪኮስት ብካፍ ናብ 3 ሓምለ 2024 ናብ 3 ሓምለ 2022 ተሰጋጊሩ። እዚ ድሕሪ [[ዋንጫ ኣፍሪቃ 2021|እቲ ዝሓለፈ ሕታም ኣብ 2021]] ኣብ ካሜሩን እውን ብተመሳሳሊ ምኽንያት ናብ ወቕቲ ክረምቲ ሰሜናዊ ንፍቀ ክቢ ምግዓዙ፡ ዋላ’ኳ ብሰንኪ ጽልዋ ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ኣቆጻጽራ ካፍ ምስ ምድንጓይ እንተተደሚሩ ። ኣአንጋዲት ሃገር ኣይቮሪኮስት ንሳልሳይ ግዜኣ ዋንጫ ክትዓትር ክኢላ። ኣብ መዛዘሚ ጸወታ ንናይጀርያ {{Nowrap|2–1}} ረቲዓታ ፡ ኣብ ዙር 16 ንተኸላኻሊት ሻምፕዮን ሰኔጋል ውን ድሕሪ {{Nowrap|1–1}} ማዕረ ብፍጹም ፍጹም ቅላዕ ረቲዓታ። 5axnzt8vetofhp4v7y2fo1ewhyyjp10 0 6273 24735 2024-03-15T13:41:34Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1213004033|Shashemene City]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ከተማ ሻሸመኔ''' (ተባሂላ እትጽዋዕ '''ሻሸመነ ከነማ''' ) ኢትዮጵያዊት ፕሮፌሽናል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለብ እያ፣ ኣብ ከተማ ሻሸሜነ ፣ ዞባ ምስራቕ ሸዋ ፣ ክልል ኦሮምያ ። ኣብ [[ፕሪምየር ሊግ ኢትዮጵያ]] ፡ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ፕሮፌሽናል ኩዕሶ እግሪ ዝጻወት ኢዩ። lvgdozkikerzim81moar9gu639pr6kk 0 6275 24738 24737 2024-03-20T02:41:03Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the section "__LEAD_SECTION__" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1214199295|Naomi Girma]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''ናኦሚ ሃይለ ግርማ''' ( / {{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|ər|m|ə}} GER {{respell|GER|mə}} ; <ref>[https://sandiegowavefc.com/player/naomi-girma/ Naomi Girma (profile) &#x2013; San Diego Wave FC.] </ref> 14 ሰነ 2000 ዓ.ም ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ . ኣብ 2022 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ውድድር NWSL Draft ቁጽሪ 1 ሓፈሻዊ ምርጫ እያ ነይራ። ግርማ ንኣሜሪካ ወኪላ ኣብ ሃገራዊ ጋንታታት ትሕቲ 17 ዓመት ፣ ትሕቲ 19 ዓመትን ትሕቲ 20 ዓመትን ዝተሳተፈት ኮይና፡ ኣብ 2020 ብሉጽ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣመሪካ መንእሰይ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ተባሂላ ተሸሊማ። ኣብ 2019 ሓለቓ ጋንታ ስታንፎርድ ካርዲናል ኮይና ዋንጫ ኮለጅ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ተዓዊታ ። ግርማ ኣብ 2022 ብሉጽ ሮኪ NWSL ፡ ኣብ 2022ን 2023 ን ብሉጽ ተኸላኻላይ NWSL ፡ ኣብ 2023 ድማ ብሉጽ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ተጻዋቲት ኣመሪካ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ተባሂላ ተሸሊማ። == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''ናኦሚ ሃይለ ግርማ''' ( / {{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|ər|m|ə}} GER {{respell|GER|mə}} ; <ref>[https://sandiegowavefc.com/player/naomi-girma/ Naomi Girma (profile) &#x2013; San Diego Wave FC.] </ref> 14 ሰነ 2000 ዓ.ም ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ . ኣብ 2022 NWSL Draft ቁጽሪ 1 ሓፈሻዊ ምርጫ እያ ነይራ። ግርማ ንኣሜሪካ ወኪላ ኣብ ሃገራዊ ጋንታታት ትሕቲ 17 ዓመት ፣ ትሕቲ 19 ዓመትን ትሕቲ 20 ዓመትን ዝተሳተፈት ኮይና፡ ኣብ 2020 ብሉጽ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ኣመሪካ መንእሰይ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ተባሂላ ተሸሊማ። ኣብ 2019 ሓለቓ ጋንታ ስታንፎርድ ካርዲናል ኮይና ዋንጫ ኮለጅ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ተዓዊታ ። ግርማ ኣብ 2022 ብሉጽ ሮኪ NWSL ፡ ኣብ 2022ን 2023 ን ብሉጽ ተኸላኻላይ NWSL ፡ ኣብ 2023 ድማ ብሉጽ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ተጻዋቲት ኣመሪካ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ተባሂላ ተሸሊማ። pbycw1xp7tm8t9qyqpqbsppaximackt 0 6276 24740 2024-03-29T12:20:28Z 217.210.217.211 ገጽ ምስ «ዛነይ ፊሳሃጺን 2000 ክር ኣስመሮም ሃይለሚካአል 1000 ክር» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ዛነይ ፊሳሃጺን 2000 ክር ኣስመሮም ሃይለሚካአል 1000 ክር dx4p06xsdk8sygq6xq8hv2k44142kfx 0 6277 24741 2024-03-31T14:16:45Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = ዝብል መርበብ ሓበሬታ = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * እዚ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" | |ኣብዚ ጽሑፍ ’ ዚ ዘሎ '''ሓበሬታ ንምርግጋጽ ተወሳኺ ምንጭታት የድሊ''' ። እሙናት ምንጭታት ብምውሳኽ ነቲ ጽሑፍ ንምምሕያሽ ሓግዙ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = ዝብል መርበብ ሓበሬታ = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * እዚ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" | |ኣብዚ ጽሑፍ ’ ዚ ዘሎ '''ሓበሬታ ንምርግጋጽ ተወሳኺ ምንጭታት የድሊ''' ። እሙናት ምንጭታት ብምውሳኽ ነቲ ጽሑፍ ንምምሕያሽ ሓግዙ ። ምንጪ ዘይብሉ ትሕዝቶ ተቓውሞን ምእላይን ክህልዎ ይኽእል ’ ዩ ። <small>''ምንጭታት ድለዩ'' ፡ "ኢንተርነት"  –  ዜና · ጋዜጣ · መጽሓፍ · ኣካዳሚያዊ · JSTOR</small>  <small>''( ሓምለ 6, 2022 ) ( ነዚ ቅጥዒ ብኸመይን መዓስን ከም እተውጽኦ ፍለጥ )''</small> |} {| class="wikitable" !İinternet ዝብል መርበብ ሓበሬታ |- |ምስሊ ናይ ኢንተርነት ዳግመ-ኣንፈት መስመራት። |- |ሓፈሻዊ |- |ምሕደራ |- |ትሕተ ቅርጺ IT |- |ኣገልግሎታት |- | * <abbr>ሰ</abbr> * <abbr>ት</abbr> * <abbr>መ</abbr> |} {| class="wikitable" !ዓይነታት መርበባት ኮምፒተር ብመጠን |- | |- | * ናኖ ስኬል ምዃኑ’ዩ። * ናይ ቀረባ ሜዳ (NFC) * ኣካል (BAN) * ውልቃዊ (PAN) * ኣብ ቀረባይ (NAN) * ከባብያዊ (LAN) ** መኽዘን (SAN) ** ገመድ ኣልቦ (WLAN) ** ቨርቹዋል (VLAN) * ገዛ (HAN) * ምህናፅ * ካምፓስ (CAN) * ዓንዲ ሕቖ * ሜትሮፖሊታን (MAN) ** ኮሙናዊ ገመድ ኣልቦ (MWN) * ሰፊሕ (WAN) * ደበና * İinternet ዝብል መርበብ ሓበሬታ * ኣብ መንጎ ፕላኔታት ዝካየድ ኢንተርነት |- | * <abbr>ሰ</abbr> * <abbr>ት</abbr> * <abbr>መ</abbr> |} '''ኢንተርነት''' ንኮምፒተር ስርዓታት ዘራኽብ ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ መርበብ መራኸቢ ’ ዩ ።  TDK ንኢንተርነት ዝብል ቃል መልሲ ሂቡ '''ህዝባዊ መርበብ ዝብል ቃል''' ኣቕሪቡ ።  ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ኣብ ክንዲ ኢንተርነት '''ኔት''' ዝብል ቃል ይጥቀም። ኢንተርነት ብዙሕ ፕሮቶኮላት ዘለዎ መርበብ ኮይኑ ኩሎም ንሓድሕዶም ዝተኣሳሰሩ መርበባት ኮምፒተር ተባሂሉ ክግለጽ ይከኣል ። ብኣሽሓት ዝቑጸሩ ኣካዳሚያውን ንግዳውን መርበባት፡ ከምኡ’ውን መንግስታውን ነጻን መርበባት ኮምፒተር ብምትእስሳር ዝተመስረተት እያ ። ሓበሬታ ኣብ መንጎ ኮምፒዩተራት ብመሰረት ዝተፈላለዩ ፕሮቶኮላት ብፓኬጅ ይመሓላለፍ። ኣብ ኢንተርነት ፡ ከም ኤለክትሮኒካዊ ፖስታን ዝተኣሳሰሩ ገጻትን ዝኣመሰሉ ዝተፈላለዩ ሓበሬታታትን ኣገልግሎታትን ኣለዉ። ጸወታታት ብኢንተርነት እውን ክጻወቱ ይኽእሉ እዮም። መበገሲ ኢንተርነት ካብቲ ኣብ 1960ታት ብመንግስቲ ኣመሪካ ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ዝጅምር ኮይኑ፡ ንሱ ንጉድለት ዝጻወር፡ ድልዱልን ናይ ብሕቲ መርበብ ኮምፒተር ክምስርት ዝደለየን እዩ ። ኣብ 1980ታት ብሃገራዊ ሳይንስ ፋውንዴሽን ንሓድሽ ዓንዲ ሕቖ ኣሜሪካ ንምምዋል ዝተኣከበ ናይ ብሕቲ ገንዘብ፡ ዓለምለኻዊ ተሳትፎን ምድልዳል ብዙሓት ናይ ብሕቲ መርበባትን ኣስዒቡ። ኣብ 1990ታት ዓለምለኻዊ መርበብ ምስ ምብዛሑ ፡ ኢንተርነት መሰረት ዘመናዊ ህይወት ደቂ ሰባት ኮይኑ ኣሎ። == ስነ-ቓል [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ክጥቀም ዝጀመረ ናይ እንግሊዝኛ ቃል ''internet ፡ ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ናይቲ Interconnected Networks'' ዝብል ቃል ኮይኑ ፡ ትርጉሙ ድማ "ኣብ መንጎኦም ዝተኣሳሰሩ መርበባት" ማለት እዩ ።  እቲ ቅድመ-ጥብቆ ''inter-'' ማለት ኣብ እንግሊዝኛ ኣብ መንጎን ''ሓድሕድን ማለት'' እዩ ። ''መርበብ'' ዝብል ቃል ''መርበብ'' ማለት ’ ዩ። እቲ ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ኣብ ክንዲ ኢንተርነት ዝብል ቃል ዝጥቀመሉ " WWW " ዝብል ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ፡ ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል ''ናይ ዎርልድ ዋይድ ዌብ'' ኮይኑ ምስ ኢንተርነት ተመሳሳሊ ትርጉም የብሉን። == ኣጸሓሕፋ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ኢንተርነት ንፍሉይን ሓደን መርበብ መራኸቢታት ስም ስለዝኾነ ትኽክለኛ ስም ’ ዩ ። ብዓበይቲ ፊደላት ክጽሓፍ ኣለዎ፣ ኣብቲ ንዋታዊ ኣስማት ብዓበይቲ ፊደላት ክጽሓፉ ኣለዎም ዝብል ሕጊ መሰረት ብምግባር  ። ይኹን እምበር ካብኡ ወጻኢ ግቡእ ኣስማት ካብ ትርጉሞም ወጻኢ ኣብ ዝጥቀሙሉ እዋን ብንኣሽቱ ፊደላት ክጽሓፉ ይኽእሉ።  ንኣብነት፦ ኣብ ሓረግ "መርከሪ ናብ ጸሓይ ዝቐረበት ፕላኔት እያ"፡ ጸሓይ ብዓቢ ፊደል ክጽሓፍ እንከሎ፡ ኣብታ "ጸሓይ ናብዚ ክፍሊ ኣይትኣቱን" ዝብል ሓረግ "ጸሓይ" ብንእሽቶ ፊደል ተጻሒፉ ኣሎ። ምኽንያቱ ኣብ ክንዲ ትኽክለኛ ስም ብትርጉም "ብርሃን ጸሓይ" ስለ ዝጥቀመሉ።  ብተመሳሳሊ "ኢንተርነት" ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ካብ ትርጉሙ ወጻኢ፡ ብመንጽር "ምትእስሳር ኢንተርነት" ኣብ ከም "ኣብ ገዛይ ኢንተርነት የብለይን"፡ "ፍጥነት ኢንተርነትይ ትሑት እዩ"፡ ከምኡ'ውን ክኸውን ይኽእል። ኣብ ትሕዝቶ ናይዞም ኣጠቓቕማታት ብንኣሽቱ ፊደላት ዝተጻሕፉ፡ ብሰንኪ ሕጊ ኣጸሓሕፋ ትካላዊ ኣስማት። ምስ ምስፍሕፋሕ ኢንተርነት፡ ካብቲ መሰረታዊ ትርጉሙ፡ ማለት ግቡእ ስም፡ ካልእ ትርጉማት ኣስፋሕፊሑ፡ ኣብ መዝገበ-ቓላት ማሕበር ቋንቋ ቱርኪ፡ ከም "ስም" [  ጥራይ እዩ ተገሊጹ ፡ ብንኣሽቱ ፊደላት ድማ ይጽሓፍ ፊደላት፡ ከምኡ'ውን እቲ መሰረታዊ ትርጉሙ ዝድለ "ግቡእ ስም" ኣጸሓሕፋ ኣይተኻተተን። == ታሪኽ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ታሪኽ ኢንተርነት ወተሃደራዊ ስርዓተ መራኸቢታት ሴሚ-ኣውቶማቲክ ግራውንድ ኢንቫይሮመንት (SAGE)ን ንግዳዊ መንገዲ ኣየር ስርዓት ምሕዛዝ ሴሚ-ኣውቶማቲክ ቢዝነስ ሪሰርች ኢንቫይሮመንት (SABRE)ን ዝበሃሉ ብኢንተርነት ብኔትወርክ ዝረዳድኡ ስርዓታት ኮምፒተር ኮይኖም ኣብ መጀመርታ 1950ታት እዮም ጀሚሮም። ኣብ 1960ታት ኤጀንሲ ምዕቡል ፕሮጀክትታት ምርምር (ARPA) ንዲዛይን መርበብ ኤጀንሲ ፕሮጀክትታት ምዕቡል ምርምር (ARPANET) ንመስርሕ ምክልኻል ኣሜሪካ ክምውል ጀሚሩ። ሳላ ኣብ 1960ታት ዝተፈጥሩ ፕሮጀክትታት፡ ኢንተርነት ኣብ 1969 ኣብ ዝለዓለ ጥርዙ በጺሑ። ድሕሪ እዚ ዕለት እዚ ኣርፓኔት ከምቲ ንፈልጦ ዘመናዊ ኢንተርነት ኮይኑ ናብ ህይወትና ኣትዩ። ኣብ መጀመርታ 70ታት ዩኒቨርሲቲታት ኣሜሪካ ካብዚ ፕሮጀክት ክጥቀማ ዕድል ምስተዋህበን ፡ ናይ ኢ -መይል (SMTP)ን NNTPን መመልከቲታት ብሰፊሑ ክዝርጋሕ ጀሚሩ። እዚኦም ስዒቦም FTP ን HTTPን ’ ዮም ። ብ30 ሚያዝያ 1993 ኢንተርነት ብ CERN ብ WWW ቅድመ-ጥብቆ ንህዝቢ ተበጻሒ ተገይሩ ። ቴክኖሎጂ ኢንተርነት ንመጀመርያ ግዜ ናብ ቱርኪ ዝመጸ ኣብ 1987  መርበብ ዩኒቨርሲቲን ትካላት ምርምርን ቱርኪ (TÜVAKA) እዩ።ኣብ ቱርኪ ናይ መጀመርታ == ውልቃዊ ኣጠቓቕማ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ውልቃዊ ኮምፒዩተራት ምስ ኢንተርነት ንምትእስሳር መስመር ተሌፎን የድልዮም ። ብተወሳኺ ብሳተላይት ፣ ገመድን ሬድዮን ዋይፋይ ዝበሃል ፈነወታት ምስ ኢንተርነት ክትራኸብ ትኽእል ኢኻ ። እቲ ዝበዝሐ ዝውቱር ድማ ኣናሎግ ሞደምን ኣገልግሎት ናይ ሓደ ብዝተወሰነ ፍጥነት ኣገልግሎት ኢንተርነት ዝህብ ኩባንያን ምጥቃም እዩ ። ቅጥዕታት ናይቲ ሞደም ብመሰረት ቁጽሪ ተሌፎን ኣገልግሎትን እቲ ኩባንያ ዝህቦ ባህርያትን ይስተኻኸል፡ ትእዛዝ ምትእስሳር ድማ ይወሃብ። እቲ ኣናሎግ ሞደም ነቲ ናይ ኮምፒተር ዲጂታላዊ ዳታ (ቢት) ናብ ዝተፈላለየ ናይ ድምጺ ፍሪኩዌንሲ ቀይሩ ብመስመር ቴሌፎን ኣቢሉ ናብ ኣገልግሎት ኢንተርነት የሰጋግር፡ ብግልባጡ ድማ ነቲ ዳታ ብተመሳሳሊ ኣገባብ ይቕበሎ። ነፍሲ ወከፍ ዝረአ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ቁጽሪ ኣድራሻ ኣለዎ።እዚ ኣድራሻ ብኣርባዕተ ስሎት ዝቖመ ኮይኑ፡ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ስሎት ካብ 0 ክሳብ 255 ዋጋ ኣለዎ። ይኹን እምበር፡ እቲ ተጠቃሚ ነዚ ቀሊል ናይ ቁጽሪ ዋጋ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ዝድውለሉ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ኣብ ኣእምሮኡ ክሕዞ ስለዘይክእል፡ ነዞም ኣድራሻታት እዚኣቶም ምስቲ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ገጽ ማዕረ ዝሕዙ ዲኤንኤስ ኮምፒዩተራት ኣለዋ። ግቡኦም ድማ ነቲ IP ኣድራሻ ምስ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ክረአ ዘለዎ ስም ሳይት ማዕረ ምግባርን ፓኬታት ናይቲ ናይ ሓበሬታ መጓዓዝያ ፕሮቶኮል ( TCP/IP ) ናብዚ ኣድራሻ ምቕናዕን እዩ። ልክዕ ከምቲ ኣብ መጽሓፍ ቴሌፎን ዝግበር ምትእስሳር ስም-ቁጽሪ ምስ domain name-IP ይሰማማዕ። በዚ ድማ እቲ ብኢንተርነት መርበብ ሓበሬታ ዝጽዋዕ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ዘሎ ሓበሬታ ብውሑድ ጻዕሪ ክትረኽቦ ትኽእል ኢኻ። ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ኣናሎግ ሞደም ብዲጂታላዊ (ADSL) ሞደም ይትካእ ኣሎ፣ እዚኦም ድማ ዝቐልጠፉን ንጌጋታት ዝውሕዱን እዮም። ሳላ ወሰኽ ተሳትፎ ብዙሓት፡ ክፍሊት ኣጠቓቕማኦም ናብ ርትዓዊ ደረጃ ይንኪ። ADSL ካብ ኣናሎግ ሞደም 10x - 1500x ፍጥነት ዘለዎ ኮይኑ ቀጥታዊ ቪድዮ ቻት ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ፊልም ናይ ምውራድ ዕድል ዝህብ እዩ። WWW. ሎሚ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ብኣማኢት ሚልዮናት ዝቑጸሩ ሰባት ከም ፋይል ምውራድ፡ ቨርቹዋል ቻት ሩም፡ ኢኮሜርስ (ቨርቹዋል ኮሜርስ)፡ ናይ ዘተ ቦታታት (መድረኻት)፡ ኦንላይን ቻቲንግን ቀጥታዊ መልእኽቲ (IM) ዝኣመሰሉ መዳያት ይጥቀሙ። === ህሉው ኣጠቓቕማ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ኣብዚ ግዜ እዚ ኢንተርነት ዳርጋ ካብ ዝኾነ ቦታ ብፍላይ ድማ ብሞባይል ኢንተርኔት መሳርሒታት ክትረኽቦ ትኽእል ኢኻ። ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ ዝደለይዎ ግዜን ኣብ ዝደለይዎ ቦታን ከም ሞባይል ቴሌፎናት፣ ተንቀሳቐስቲ ጌም ኮንሶላትን ገመድ ኣልቦ ኔትወርክ ምትእስሳር ዝድግፉ ላፕቶፕን ዝኣመሰሉ መሳርሒታት ኢንተርነት ክረኽቡ ይኽእሉ። ኣገልግሎት ወሃብቲ ኣገልግሎትን ክፍሊት ምትሕልላፍ ዳታ ገመድ ኣልቦን ካብ ካልኦት ኣገባባት ምብጻሕ ዝለዓለ ክኸውን ይኽእል። === ዝርገሐኡ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ካብ ምህዞ ሬድዮ ፣ ተለቪዥንን ኢንተርኔትን ን50 ሚልዮን ተጠቀምቲ ንምብጻሕ ዝወሰዶ ግዜ ክንምርምሮ እንከለና ንሬድዮ 38 ዓመት፣ ንተለቪዥን 13 ዓመት፣ ንኢንተርነት ድማ ሓሙሽተ ዓመት ጥራይ እዩ። ኢንተርነት ኣብ 1993 ናብ ቱርኪ ዝመጸ ኮይኑ፡ ድሕሪ ምምጽኡ ድማ ኣብ ቱርኪ ኣጠቓቕምኡ ሰፊሕ ኮይኑ። ኢንተርነት ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ብሰፊሑ ዝተዘርግሐ ፍርያት ቴክኖሎጂ ኮይኑ፡ ካብ 7 ክሳብ 70 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኡ ኩሉ ዝጥቀመሉ፡ መዓልታዊ ዝሕደስ ምንጪ ሓበሬታ እዩ። == ቃላት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ኢንተርነትን "ወርልድ ዋይድ ዌብ"ን ዝብሉ ቃላት ብሓፈሻ ኣብ መዓልታዊ ኣጠቓቕማ ተለዋዊጦም ይጥቀሙ እዮም፡ ግን ሓደ ነገር ኣይኮኑን። ኢንተርነት ብሶፍትዌርን ሃርድዌርን ትሕተ ቅርጺ ዝቐርብ ዓለማዊ ስርዓተ ርክብ ዳታ ኮይኑ፡ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ግን ሓደ ካብቶም ብኢንተርነት ዝቐርቡ ዓይነታት ርክብ ጥራይ እዩ። === ሳይት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ዌብሳይት ማለት ጽሑፋት፡ ምስልታትን ካልኦት ፋይላትን ብኢንተርነት ዝካፈሉሉ ጉጅለ ዲጂታላዊ ገጻት እዩ። እዚኦም ድማ ኢንተርነት ብዓይኒ ብስክሪንን ብስምዒትን ብመጉልሒ ድምጺ ዝጥቀመሉ ከባቢታት እዮም። ሓደ ዌብሳይት ሓደ ገጽ ወይ ኣሽሓት ገጻት ዝሓዘ ክኸውን ይኽእል። እቲ ተጠቃሚ ዘጋጥሞ ቀዳማይ ገጽ ናይ ሓደ መርበብ ሓበሬታ "ገዛ ገጽ" ይበሃል። ካብቲ መበገሲ ገጽ ፡ ካልእ ክፋላት ናይቲ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ወይ ናይ ወጻኢ መርበባት ብመላግቦታት ክትረኽቦም ትኽእል ኢኻ ''.'' === ሞደም [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ሞደም ምልክት ቴሌፎን ናብ ዲጂታል ዳታ ዝቕይርን ኮምፒተር ምስ ኢንተርነት ክትራኸብ ዘኽእልን ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ መሳርሒ እዩ። === TCP/IP [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ንኢንተርነት ናይቲ ዘመን መራኸቢ መሳርሒ ዝገብሮ፡ TCP/IP ፋይል ርክብ ፕሮቶኮል እዩ። ምኽፋት፤ ንሱ ድማ ''ትራንስሚሽን ኮንትሮል ፕሮቶኮል/ኢንተርነት ፕሮቶኮል'' እዩ ። TCP/IP ብመሰረቱ ማሽናት ካብ ስርዓተ ምምሕዳር ወይ ኣፕሊኬሽን ሶፍትዌር ነጻ ኮይኑ ክዛረባ ዘኽእል ሕጊ እዩ። ሳላ እዚ ባህሪ ምስ ሞባይል፡ ውልቃዊ ኮምፒተር ወይ ካልእ ምስ ኢንተርነት ዝተኣሳሰር መሳርሒ ንሓደ ሰዓት ከይተረፈ ክዛረብ ይኽእል። === ምልክት ኣድራሻ (@) [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ @ ኣብ ኢንተርነት ብተደጋጋሚ ካብ ዝጥቀሙሉ ምልክታት ሓደ @ (ዝድመጽ: ''et'' ). ኣብ ኢ-መይል ኣድራሻታት፡ ስም ተጠቃሚን ዝተላእከ ዕላማ ዓውድን (ስም መርበብ ሓበሬታ) ይፈላልዮም። እቲ ናይ ኣድራሻ ምልክት ''ጽቡቕ a'' . ማሕበር ቋንቋ ቱርኪ ማዕረ ’ ቲ ''hooked a'' ወይ ''tailed a'' ዝብል ሓሳብ ኣቕሪቡ ኣሎ ። === ኢመይል [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ኢመይል ኢ-መይል ( ትግርኛ : ''e-mail'' ) ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል "ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ ፖስታ" እዩ። ብኢንተርነት ዝለኣኹን ዝቕበሉን ዲጂታላዊ ደብዳቤታት እዮም። ኣብ መዓልታዊ ኣጠቓቕማ " ''ፖስታ'' " (ኣድመጽ: meyl) ተባሂሉ'ውን ይጽዋዕ ። ብዓይኒ ኣብ መንጎኦምን ኣብ መንጎ ናይ ወረቐት ደብዳቤን ዓቢ ፍልልይ የለን። ኩሎም ዓይነታት ፋይላት፡ ከም ስእሊ፡ ሙዚቃ፡ ቪድዮ ወዘተ ኣብ ኢ-መይል ተተሓሒዞም ናብ ኮምፒተር ተቐባሊ ክሰጋገሩ ይኽእሉ። ኣብ መላእ ዓለም መዓልታዊ ብቢልዮናት ዝቑጸሩ ኢመይላት ይለኣኹ። ብሰንኪ ርካሽነቱን ምቹእነቱን ካብ ናይ ወረቐት ደብዳቤታት ብሰፊሑ ዝጥቀመሉ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ወግዓዊ ጉዳያት ግን ብሰንኪ ተኣማንነቱ ኣዝዩ ድሩት እዩ። ናይ ኢ-መይል ኣካውንት ብነጻ ወይ ብኽፍሊት ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ ነዚ ኣገልግሎት ዝህቡ መርበባት ክኽፈቱ ይኽእሉ። ናይ ኢመይል ኣድራሻታት፤ ንሱ ድማ ስም ተጠቃሚ፡ ምልክት ኣድራሻ፡ ስም ናይቲ ኣካውንት ዝተፈጥረሉ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ኢ-መይል ኣገልጋሊ፡ ነጥቢ (.) ከምኡ’ውን መቐጸልታ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ብዘይ ነጥብታት ብምጽሓፍ ዝፍጠር እዩ። ንኣብነት ''፡ wikipedist@vikipedi.com'' == ዲጂታላዊ ስግኣታት ኣብ ልዕሊ ምስ ኢንተርነት ክራኸቡ ዝኽእሉ መሳርሒታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ኢንተርነት ብዙሕ ረብሓታት እኳ እንተሃለዎ፡ ዝተፈላለየ ሓደጋታት እውን የስዕብ። ካብታ ናብ መርበብ ኢንተርነት እትራኸብላ ህሞት ጀሚርካ፡ ንዝተፈላለዩ ጐዳኢ ሶፍትዌር መጥቃዕትታት ክትቃላዕ ትኽእል ኢኻ ፡ ሃከራት ''፡ ብሃከራት'' ዝፍለጡ ፡ ኮምፒተርካ ክሕዙ ከም ዝኽእሉ ክትምስክር ትኽእል ኢኻ፡ ናይ ባንክ ሕሳብካ ብመንገዲ ኦንላይን ባንክ ባዶ ክኸውን ከም ዝኽእል፤ መሳርሒታት ብዘገርምን ዘይርዳእን ባህሪ ክጅምሩ ይኽእሉ እዮም። === ቫይረሳት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቫይረሳት ኮምፒተር ጐዳኢ ኮዳትን ፕሮግራማትን እዮም። ናብ ኮምፒዩተራት ብዳታ ዝሓዙ ዲስክታት፣ ተንቀሳቐስቲ መዘከርታታት፣ ብሎካል ኔትወርክ ወይ ብኢንተርነት ይኣትዉ። ኣብ ከም ነብሶም ምቕዳሕ፡ ዳታ ምድምሳስ፡ ዘይተደልየ ፕሮግራማት ምክያድ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ውልቃዊ ሓበሬታ (ፓስዎርድ ወዘተ) ምዝርጋሕ ዝኣመሰሉ ጎዳእቲ ንጥፈታት ክዋፈሩ ይኽእሉ። እዚ ስም እዚ፡ ንኮምፒዩተራት ንምጕዳእ ዝጥቀሙሉ ሜላታት ምስቶም ኣብ ህያዋን ነገራት ሕማም ዘስዕቡ ቫይረሳት ዝመሳሰል ስለ ዝዀነ፡ ግቡእ ተባሂሉ ተረኺቡ። ገለ ቫይረሳት ግዜኦም ዝሓለፉ ወይ ዝተበላሸዉ ስሪት ናይ ሓደ ፕሮግራም እዮም፣ ማለት ብዘይ ፍላጥ ዝሰርሑን መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ስርሖም ዘይፍለጥን እዩ። ትሮጃን፡ win32፡ win29፡ መትሎ ወዘተ ንእከይ ዕላማ ዝተዳለዉ። ቫይረስ ብኻልኦት ይመሓላለፉ። ቫይረሳት ባዕሎም ኣይፍጠሩን እዮም፣ ምስተረኽቡ ብቕልጡፍ ክእለዩ ኣለዎም። === መደባት ሰላዪ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ስፓይ ፕሮግራማት፣ ብዝተፈላለየ መንገዲ ማልዌር ፣ ኣድዌር ፣ ስፓይዌር ፣ ካብ ኮምፒዩተራት ሓበሬታ ንምእካብ ዝፍጠሩ ንኣሽቱ ሶፍትዌራት እዮም። ከም ቫይረስ ስለ ዝዋስኡ፡ ገሊኦም ቫይረስ’ውን ይበሃሉ። ከም ልምዲ ኢንተርነት ተጠቀምቲ ኮምፒተርን ቁጽሪ ኣካውንትን ዝኣመሰሉ ሓበሬታታት ናብ ጎዳእቲ ሰባትን ትካላትን የመሓላልፉ። ገለ ካብኣቶም ብዙሕ ጎዳእቲ እኳ እንተዘይኮኑ፡ ዳታ እናኣከቡ ኣብ ድሕሪት ብምጉያይ ዘየድሊ መዘክር ኮምፒተር ይሕዙ። ገለ መደባት ስለያ ብወግዓውያን ትካላት ተዳልዮም ገበነኛታትን ግብረሽበራዊ ንጥፈታትን ይከታተሉ ኣለዉ። ብተወሳኺ ግዝኣታት ኣብ ክንዲ ኣረጊት ኣገባብ ስለያ ብኮምፒተር ዝሰርሕ ኣገባብ ስለያ ይጥቀማ ኣለዋ፣ በዚ ድማ ሓደጋታትን ወጻኢታትን ይቕንሳ ኣለዋ። === ሃከራት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ብዘይ ፍቓድ ኣብ ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ መሳርሒታቶም ከም ኮምፒዩተርን ቴለፎንን ብምእታው ናይ ካልኦት ሰባት ውልቃዊ ሓበሬታ ዝሰርቁ ሰባት እዮም። እዚ ግን ኩሉ ግዜ ኣድላዪ ኣይኮነን። On sites where some ''hackers'' are featured , ''ሃከራት'' ኣብ ቴክኒካዊ ምዕባለ ናይቶም መርበባት ይሕግዙ። ናይዚ ኣብነት ኣብ ዊኪፒዲያ ቴክኒሻናት ’ ዮም ። === ካብዞም ሓደጋታት ዝከላኸሉ ሜላታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ኮምፒዩተራት ካብ ኢንተርነት ክመጽእ ዝኽእል ሓደጋታት ንምክልኻል እቲ ዝበለጸ ኣድማዒ መንገዲ ንቕሓት ምህላው እዩ። ጥርጡራት ሳይታትን ሊንክታትን ክበጽሑ ስለዘይብሎም ጸረ ቫይረስ፣ ጸረ ስፓይዌርን ፋየርዎልን ሶፍትዌር ክጥቀሙ ይግባእ። ብዙሓት ንግዳዊ ድሕነት ሶፍትዌራት ሎሚ፡ ከም Norton , Kaspersky , McAfee , Avast ፡ ሰለስቲኦም መከላኸሊታት ዘጠቓልሉ እዮም። == ካልኦት ካብ ኢንተርነት ክመጹ ዝኽእሉ ሓደጋታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ብሰንኪ ሰፊሕ ኣጠቓቕማ ኢንተርነት፡ ብሚልዮናት ዝቑጸሩ ሰባት መዓልታዊ ውልቃዊ ሓበሬታኦም ምስ ዘይፈልጥዎም ሰባት ብምክፋል፡ ካብ ቫይረሳት ኣዝዩ ሓደገኛ ስግኣት ይፈጥር። ብዘይጥንቃቐ ምጥቃም ኢንተርነት ከም ስርቂ ሓበሬታ መንነት ወይ ብዘይፍላጥ ኣብ ፍጻመታት ፖሊስ ምእታው ዝኣመሰሉ ሳዕቤናት ከስዕብ ይኽእል። ቻትን ጸወታን ክፍልታት ናብ ዓቢ ዕርክነትን ዝምድናን ክመርሑ ይኽእሉ እኳ እንተኾኑ ፡ ካብ ስርቂ ፡ ጾታዊ ርክብ ህጻናት ፡ ምቅላዕ ፡ ምግፋዕ ፡ ዓመጽን ቅትለትን ከይተረፈ ንዝመጽእ ምፍርራሕ ማዕጾና ይኸፍቱ ። ቅልጡፍን ብቐሊሉን ፖርኖግራፊ ምርካብ ኣብ ኩሉ ዕድመ ንሓደጋ ወልፊ ስእለ ጽዩፍ ይውስኽ፤ ንጾታዊ ህይወት ሰባት፡ ስድራቤታዊ ህይወት ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ድማ ስነ-ልቦናኦም ኣብ ሓደጋ ዘእቱ እዩ። ህጻናት ኣብ ኣዝዩ ንኡስ ዕድሚኦም ስእለ-ጽዩፍ ብቐሊሉ ክረኽብዎ ምኽኣሎም፡ ኣብ ድሒሮም ዕድሚኦም ከቢድ ጾታዊን ስነ-ኣእምሮኣውን ጸገማት ከጋጥሞም ይኽእል። === ካብዞም ሓደጋታት ዝከላኸሉ ሜላታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === መንነትካ፡ ዕድመ፡ መልክዕ፡ ቁጠባዊ ኩነታት፡ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ፡ ብሓጺሩ ኩሉ ብዛዕባ ሓደ ሰብ ምሕባእ ወይ ኣብ ኢንተርነት ናይ ሓሶት መንነት ምፍጣር ኣዝዩ ቀሊል ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ኣዕሩኽ ኣብ እትገብረሉ እዋን ኣዝዩ ዝያዳ ጥንቃቐ ምግባር የድሊ። ኣጸቢቑ ንዘይፍለጡ ሰባት ኣድራሻን ቁጽሪ ተሌፎንን ምሃብ ክውገድ ኣለዎ፣ እቲ ካልእ ሰብ ክረኽቦም ዘኽእል ፍንጪ ምሃብ እውን ክውገድ ኣለዎ። ብዙሓት ናይ ኢንተርነት ድሕንነት ሶፍትዌራት ሎሚ "ወለዲ ምቁጽጻር" ዝብል ባህርያት ሒዞም ይመጹ። እቲ ናይ ወለዲ መቆጻጸሪ ፓነል ናይ ኮምፒተር መእተዊ ሰዓታት ምቕማጥን ናብ ዘይተደልየ መርበባት ምእታው ምዕጋትን የኽእል፣ እዞም ቅጥዕታት ድማ ብፓስዎርድ ክሕለዉ ይኽእሉ። == [ ኣርትዖት |​ ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * WWW * ናይ ኢንተርነት ሳንሱር ምግባር * ኢንተርነት (ስም ቃል) * መሰል ምጥቃም ኢንተርነት * ምዉት ክልሰ ሓሳብ ኢንተርነት == መወከሲታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == # '''^ ^{''a b''}''' መዝገበ ቃላትን ቴሳውረስን ሜርያም ዌብስተር፡ 2008 # '''^''' # '''^''' "መርበብ"። ''መዝገበ ቃላት ኦክስፎርድ እንግሊዝኛ 2e'' , ቤት ማሕተም ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኦክስፎርድ , 2003. # '''^''' # '''^''' "ኢንተርነት"። ''መዝገበ ቃላት ኦክስፎርድ እንግሊዝኛ 2e'' , ቤት ማሕተም ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኦክስፎርድ , 2003. # '''^ ^{''a b c''}''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^ ^{''a b''}''' == ናይ ደገ መላግቦታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == {| class="wikitable" | |ዊኪሚድያ ኮመንስ ምስ '''''ኢንተርነት''''' ዝተኣሳሰሩ መራኸቢ ብዙሃን ኣለዉዎ ። |} * internet, Nsf.gov ኣብ 7 መስከረም 2008 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . '''(ኢንግሊሽ)''' * ሓበሬታ ብዛዕባ ሳይበርስፔስ፡ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ሃርቫርድ ማህደር 1 ለካቲት 2004 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን . '''(ኢንግሊሽ)''' * ኢንተርነት፣ ኢመይል ወዘተ። ዝርዝር ሓበሬታ ብዛዕባ (Eng.) Archived 1 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine . '''(ኢንግሊሽ)''' * ሳይንስ-ቴክኖሎጂ-ኢንተርነት ማህደር 18 ለካቲት 2008 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን . '''(ኢንግሊሽ)''' * ኢንተርነት ቫሊ ኣብ 1 ሓምለ 2006 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . '''(ኢንግሊሽ)''' * ዓለምለኻዊ ጸብጻብ ትራፊክ ኢንተርነት '''(እንግሊዝኛ)''' {| class="wikitable" !ስልጣን ምቁጽጻር | * ቢኤንኢ : XX535672 * ቢኤንኤፍ : cb12337059x (ዳታ) * ጂኤንዲ : 4308416-3 * ኤችዲኤስ : 048816 * LCCN : sh92002816 ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። * ናራ : 10637028 * ኤንዲኤል : 00841024 * ኤን.ኬ.ሲ : ph117022 * ኤን.ኤል.ኣይ : 987007558630405171 |} ምደባ : * ተወሳኺ ጸጋታት ዘድልዮም ነገራት 6 ሓምለ 2022 * İinternet ዝብል መርበብ ሓበሬታ * ምህዞታት ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ * ናይ IT ቃላት * ካብ እንግሊዝኛ ናብ ቱርኪ ዝተሰጋገሩ ቃላት q0rp26crbtrndy1ffz8dkuz3eaicgi5 0 6278 24742 2024-03-31T14:18:11Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = ሶፍትዌር = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * እዚ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" | |ኣብዚ ጽሑፍ ’ ዚ ዘሎ '''ሓበሬታ ንምርግጋጽ ተወሳኺ ምንጭታት የድሊ''' ። እሙናት ምንጭታት ብምውሳኽ ነቲ ጽሑፍ ንምምሕያሽ ሓግዙ ። ምንጪ ዘይብ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = ሶፍትዌር = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * እዚ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" | |ኣብዚ ጽሑፍ ’ ዚ ዘሎ '''ሓበሬታ ንምርግጋጽ ተወሳኺ ምንጭታት የድሊ''' ። እሙናት ምንጭታት ብምውሳኽ ነቲ ጽሑፍ ንምምሕያሽ ሓግዙ ። ምንጪ ዘይብሉ ትሕዝቶ ተቓውሞን ምእላይን ክህልዎ ይኽእል ’ ዩ ። <small>''ምንጭታት ድለዩ'' ፡ "ሶፍትዌር"  –  ዜና · ጋዜጣ · መጽሓፍ · ኣካዳሚያዊ · JSTOR</small>  <small>''( ነሓሰ 2020 ) ( ነዚ ቅጥዒ ብኸመይን መዓስን ከም እተውጽኦ ፍለጥ )''</small> |} '''ሶፍትዌር'''  ዝተፈላለዩን ዝተፈላለዩን ዕማማት ንምፍጻም ዝተዳለዉ ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ መሳርሒታት ንሓድሕዶም ንኽረዳድኡን ንኽላመዱን ብምኽኣል ንተግባራት ወይ ተጠቃምነት ንምምሕያሽ ዝሕግዙ ናይ ማሽን ትእዛዛት እዮም ። ሶፍትዌር ንኹሎም ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ መሳርሒታት ዝተወሰነ ስራሕ ንኽፍጽሙ ዘኽእሉ ፕሮግራማት ዝወሃብ ስም ’ ዩ ። ብኻልእ ኣዘራርባ ፡ ንዝጸንሐ ጸገም ንምፍታሕ፡ ቋንቋ ኮምፒተር ተጠቒምካ ዝተፈጥረ ስብስብ ትርጉም ዘለዎም መግለጺታት እዩ። ንሶፍትዌር ዝተፈላለዩ ቋንቋታት ኣለዉ። ገለ ካብዚኦም ፓስካል ፣ ሲ++ ን ጃቫን እዮም ። == ዓይነታት ሶፍትዌር ኮምፒተር [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ሶፍትዌር ኮምፒተር ብሓፈሻ ኣብ ሰለስተ ቀንዲ ጉጅለታት ክምርመሩ ይኽእሉ። === ስርዓተ ሶፍትዌር [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ንሳቶም ድማ ንባዕላ እታ ኮምፒተር ንኽሰርሕ ዘኽእሉ ሶፍትዌር ከም ስርዓተ ምምሕዳር፡ ኣከባቢርካ (ኣብቲ ሶፍትዌር ፕሮግራም ዝተጻሕፈ ፕሮግራም ናብ ቋንቋ ማሽን ዝትርጉም ፕሮግራም)፡ ከምኡ’ውን ዝተፈላለዩ መሳለጥያታት እዮም። ከርነል እቲ ኣዝዩ መሰረታዊ ክፋል ናይቲ ስርዓተ ምምሕዳር እዩ። ኣብዚ ንከርነል ማለት ሶፍትዌር ውሳነ ምሃብን ፕሮግራሚንግ ፓራዳይምን ዝተፈላለየ ኣገባባት እኳ እንተሃለወ ፡ ቀንዲ ዕማም ናይ ሓደ ኦፐሬቲንግ ሲስተም ከርነል ምስ ኮምፒተር ሃርድዌር ንተጠቃምን ነቶም ሶፍትዌር ወይ ሃርድዌር ዘፍርዩ ኣፍረይትን መተሓላለፊ ምፍጣር እዩ። ንተጠቃሚን ምስ ምሕደራ ሃፍቲ ዝተኣሳሰሩ ኣሃዱታት ንምምሕዳርን ። === መተግበሪ ሶፍትዌር [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === እዚኦም ንዕማማት ተጠቀምቲ መፍትሒ ዝህቡ ሶፍትዌራት እዮም፣ ከም ቸክ ዝሕዙ ፕሮግራማት ፣ መብጽዓ ኖት ፣ ምቁጽጻር ኣክስዮን ፣ ዝርዝር ደሞዝ፣ መዛግብቲ ቤተ- መጻሕፍቲ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ዓማዊል ገንዘብ ሕሳብ ኣብ ባንክታት ዝሕዙ ፕሮግራማት እዮም። ካብ ኩሎም ናይ ስርዓት ፕሮግራማት እቲ መሰረታዊ ሶፍትዌር፡ ንኹሉ ሃርድዌርን ሶፍትዌርን ጸጋታት ኮምፒተር ዝቆጻጸር ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ናይ ተጠቀምቲ ኣፕሊኬሽን ሶፍትዌር ንኽሰርሕን ክቆጻጸርን ዘኽእል ስርዓተ ምምሕዳር እዩ። === ናይ ቀያሪ ሶፍትዌር [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ብዝኾነ ቋንቋ ዝተጻሕፈ ፕሮግራም ናብ ቋንቋ ማሽን ዝትርጉሙ ሶፍትዌር እዮም። == ዓይነታት ሶፍትዌር [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == === ስርዓተ ሶፍትዌር [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ስርዓት ሶፍትዌር ንኣጠቓቕማ ኮምፒተር ዘድልዩ ቀንዲ ተግባራት ዝህብ ኮይኑ ንሃርድዌር ኮምፒተርን ኣፈፃፅማ ስርዓትን ይሕግዝ ። እዞም ዝስዕቡ ውህደታት ዘጠቓልል እዩ፤ * መሳርሒታት ድራይቨር * ስርዓተ ምምሕዳር * ኣገልገልቲ * ናይ ኣገልግሎት መደባት * ናይ መስኮት ስርዓታት ስርዓተ ሶፍትዌር ዝተፈላለዩ ነጻ ሃርድዌር ክፍልታት ብስኒት ንኽሰርሕ ሓላፍነት ኣለዎ። ስርዓት ሶፍትዌር ንኮምፒተር ሃርድዌር ንምስራሕን ኣፕሊኬሽን ሶፍትዌር ንምስራሕን መድረኽ ንምሃብ ዝተዳለወ ናይ ኮምፒተር ሶፍትዌር እዩ። እቶም ኣዝዮም መሰረታውያን ዓይነታት ናይ ስርዓት ሶፍትዌር እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም፤ * ኮምፒተር ባዮስን ፋርምዌርን፦ ምስ ኮምፒተር ወይ ኣብ ውሽጢ ኮምፒተር ዝተኣሳሰረ ሃርድዌር ንምስራሕን ንምቁጽጻርን ዘድሊ መሰረታዊ ተግባር ይህብ። * ስርዓተ ምምሕዳር (ጐሊሖም ዝረኣዩ ኣብነታት ማይክሮሶፍት ዊንዶውስ፣ ማክ ኦኤስ ኤክስን ሊኑክስን እዮም ) : ክፍልታት ኮምፒተር፤ ኣብ መንጎ መዘክርን ዲስክን ዳታ ምልውዋጥ ወይ ንሞኒተር ምስሊ ምቕራብ ዝኣመሰሉ ዕማማት ብምፍጻም ብሓባር ክሰርሑ የኽእሎም። ብተወሳኺ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ስርዓት ሶፍትዌርን ኣፕሊኬሽን ሶፍትዌርን ንምስራሕ መድረኽ ይህብ። * ዩቲሊቲ ሶፍትዌር፦ ንኮምፒተር ንምትንታን፣ ንምውቃር፣ ንምምሕዳርን ንምምሕያሽን ይሕግዝ። ስርዓት ሶፍትዌር ዝብል ቃል ኣብ ገለ ሕትመታት ንመሳርሒታት ምምዕባል ሶፍትዌር ንምግላጽ እውን ይጥቀመሉ እዩ። ዓደግቲ ኮምፒተር ሳሕቲ ንኮምፒተር ብቐንዱ ንኦፐሬቲንግ ሲስተም ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው እዮም ዝገዝእዋ። ይኹን እምበር፡ ከም ሞባይል ዝኣመሰሉ መሳርሒታት ዝገዝኡ ሰባት ብኣንጻሩ ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ። ምኽንያቱ ከምቲ ኣብ ኣብነት ኣይፎን ዘሎ፡ ናይ መወዳእታ ተጠቃሚ ናይ ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ መሳርሒታት ስርዓተ ሶፍትዌር ክቕይር ኣዝዩ ኣጸጋሚ እዩ። ብተወሳኺ፡ ስርዓተ-ሶፍትዌር መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ከም ጠቓሚ ወይ’ውን ኣድላዪ ትሕተ-ቅርጺ ኮድ ኮይኑ የገልግል፡ ወይ ኣብ ውሽጢ ዝተሃንጸ ወይ ቅድሚኡ ዝተተኽለ። ተጠቀምቲ ሰነዳት ክፈጥሩ፡ ጸወታታት ክጻወቱ፡ ሙዚቃ ክሰምዑ ወይ ኢንተርነት ክድህስሱ ዘኽእሎም ሶፍትዌር፡ ብዘይካ ናይ ስርዓት ሶፍትዌር፡ ኣፕሊኬሽን ሶፍትዌር ይበሃል። == መወከሲታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == # '''^''' ትርጉም ኣብ መዝገበ ቃላት TDK Informatics: ኩሎም እቶም ኣብ ኮምፒተር ንዘሎ ሃርድዌር ህይወት ዝህቡን ኣብ ኮምፒዩቲንግ ዝጥቀሙን ፕሮግራማት ፣ ሮቲናት፣ ቋንቋታት ፕሮግራሚንግን ሰነዳትን ። r2qcee6v2vkrqn8k3l9o9a22toqxvam 0 6279 24743 2024-03-31T14:22:52Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = ጂሜይል = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * እዚ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጂሜይል ! colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" | |- !በዓል ዋና |ጉግል |- !ቅዋም ዝቖመ |ፖል ቡክሃይት። |- !URL ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |gmail.com ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |- !ንግዳዊ? |እወ |...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = ጂሜይል = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * እዚ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጂሜይል ! colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" | |- !በዓል ዋና |ጉግል |- !ቅዋም ዝቖመ |ፖል ቡክሃይት። |- !URL ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |gmail.com ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |- !ንግዳዊ? |እወ |- !ዓይነት ሳይት። |ዌብሜይል |- !ቅዳሕ |አድላዩ |- !ብዝሒ ኣባላት |6.2 ቢልዮን (ታሕሳስ 2020) |- !ዝርከብ ቋንቋ(ታት) |71 ቋንቋታት |- !ቋንቋ ፕሮግራሚንግ |ጃቫ ቬ ጃቫስክሪፕት |- !ፍቓድ ትሕዝቶ |ዋንነት ዘለዎ ሶፍትዌር |- !ምጅማር ዕለት |ሚያዝያ 1, 2004 (ቅድሚ 19 ዓመት ) |- !ህሉው ኩነታት |ንቑሕ |} '''ጂሜይል''' ብጉግል ዝቐርብ ነጻን ብመወዓውዒ ዝድገፍን ናይ ኢመይል ኣገልግሎት እዩ ።  ተጠቀምቲ ብ POP3 ወይ IMAP4 ፕሮቶኮላት ከምኡ’ውን ብውሑስ ዌብሜይል ኣቢሎም ንጂሜይል ክረኽብዎ ይኽእሉ  ጂሜይል ንመጀመርያ ግዜ ንዕድመ ጥራይ ዝኸውን ቤታ ቨርዥን ብ1 ሚያዝያ 2004 ኣውጺኡ  ብ7 ለካቲት 2007 ድማ ንህዝቢ ክቐርብ ተገይሩ፡ ኣብቲ እዋን እቲ ገና ኣብ ቤታ ነበረ።  እቲ ኣገልግሎት ምስ ካልኦት ኣገልግሎታት ጉግል ኣፕስ ካብ ቤታ ኩነታት ብ7 ሓምለ 2009 ተሓዲሱ ። With its initial storage capacity offering of 1 GB per user , ጂሜይል ንዌብሜይል ዝምልከት ደረጃ ብዓቢኡ ኣዕብይዎ ኣሎ። ንነጻ መኽዘን ዝኸውን ደረጃ ዌብሜይል ካብ 2  ሜባ ናብ 4 ሜባ ብምዕባይ፡ ነቲ ኣገልግሎት  ካብቲ ከም በዓል ሆትሜይል ዝኣመሰሉ ተቐናቐንቲ ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ እዋን ዝህብዎ ዝነበሩ ኣዝዩ ልዕሊኡ ኣውሪድዎ።  ነፍሲ ወከፍ መልእኽቲ ጂሜይል፡ እንተላይ ኣታችመንት፡ ክሳብ 25 ሜባ ክኸውን ይኽእል።  ጂሜይል ናይ ምድላይ መተሓላለፊን ናይ ኢንተርነት መድረኽ ዝመስል "ናይ ዕላል ርእይቶ"  ኣለዎ።ብመሰረት ኣዳለውቲ መርበብ ሓበሬታ፡ ጂሜይል ንኣጃክስ  ንምጥቃም ኣገዳሲ እዩ ።  ጂሜይል ኣብ  ሊኑክስ ብጉግል GFE /2.0 ይሰርሕ።  ኣብ መላእ ዓለም 425 ሚልዮን ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ ዘለዎ ኣብ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ዝተመርኮሰ ብሰፊሑ ዝጥቀመሉ ኣቕራቢ ኢመይል እዩ።  ብመሰረት ትንበያታት 2014፡ 60% ካብ ማእከላይ ደረጃ ዘለወን ኩባንያታት ኣመሪካ ጂሜይል ይጥቀማ ነይረን።  ኣብ ግንቦት 2014፡ ጂሜይል ኣብ ጉግል ፕለይ ኣብ ኣንድሮይድ መሳርሒታት ሓደ ቢልዮን ምትካል ዘለዎ ናይ መጀመርታ ኣፕ ኮይኑ ።  ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ኣንድሮይድ ሞባይል ኦፐሬቲንግ ሲስተምን ካልኦት ፍርያት ጉግልን ዝሰርሑ ስማርትፎናትን ታብሌት ኮምፒዩተራትን ኣገልግሎት ንምጥቃም ናይ ጉግል ኣካውንት መንነት ኣካውንት የድሊ እዚ ድማ ብጂሜይል ኢመይል ኣካውንት ይፍጠር። ኣብ ግንቦት 2015፡ ጉግል፡ ጂሜይል 900 ሚልዮን ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ ከም ዘለዉዎን፡ ካብዚኦም እቶም 75% ነቲ ኣገልግሎት ኣብ ሞባይል መሳርሒታት ከም ዝጥቀሙሉን ኣፍሊጡ ነይሩ።  ኣብ ለካቲት 2016፡ ጉግል ጂሜይል 1 ቢልዮን ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ ከም ዝሓለፈ ኣፍሊጡ። ስርዓተ ቅጽበታዊ መልእኽቲ ( Google Talk ) እውን ኣብ ጂሜይል ተሃኒጹ ኣሎ። በዚ ስርዓት እዚ ካልእ ፕሮግራም ከይተተኸልካ ቅጽበታዊ መልእኽቲ ክትሰድድ ትኽእል ኢኻ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ እዞም መዛግብቲ መልእኽቲ እውን ክትደሊ ትኽእል ኢኻ። == ባህርያት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ከምኡውን ርአ: መተሓላለፊ ጂሜይል === መኽዘን [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ጂሜይል መጀመርታ ብ1 ጊባ መኽዘን እዩ ጀሚሩ። ኣብ ቀዳማይ ዓመት ዝኽሪ ጂሜይል ብ1 ሚያዝያ 2005፡ እቲ ገደብ ብዕጽፊ ናብ 2 ጊባ ተወሰኸ። ዳይረክተር ምሕደራ ፍርያት ጂሜይል ጆርጅስ ሃሪክ፡ ጉግል "ንሰባት ንዘልኣለም ዝያዳ ቦታ ምሃብ ክቕጽል'ዩ" ክብል ገሊጹ። ብ24 ሚያዝያ 2012 ኣብ ጂሜይል ካብ 7.5 ጊባ ናብ 10 ጊባ ምውሳኽ ነጻ መኽዘን ከም ኣካል ምጅማር ጉግል ድራይቭ ተገሊጹ። ብዕለት 13 ግንቦት 2013 ኣብ መንጎ ጂሜይል፣ ጉግል ድራይቭን ጉግል+ ፎቶን ህዝባዊ መኽዘን ምድልዳል ዕላዊ ኮይኑ፤ በዚ መንገዲ ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ መንጎ እዞም ሰለስተ ኣገልግሎታት 15 ጊባ ነጻ መኽዘን ተዋሂብዎም። ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ወርሓዊ ውጥን ምዝገባ ኣብ መንጎ Gmail, Google Drive , ከምኡ’ውን Google+ Photos ዝተኻፈለ ተወሳኺ መኽዘን ክገዝኡ ይኽእሉ ። ክሳብ 15 ጊባ ዝበጽሕ መኽዘን ብነጻ ኮይኑ፡ ዝኽፈል ትልምታት ድማ ክሳብ 30 ቲቢ ይህብ። === ጅምላዊ መልእኽቲ መጽረዪ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ናይ ጂሜይል ብጅምላ መልእኽቲ ምፍታሕ ብማሕበረሰብ ዝምራሕ ስርዓት ኣለዎ፤ ሓደ ተጠቃሚ ንሓደ ናይ ኢመይል መልእኽቲ ከም ናይ ስፓም መልእኽቲ ምስ ምልክት ምስ ገበሮ፡ እዚ ሓበሬታ እዚ ነቲ ስርዓት ንኹሎም ተጠቀምቲ ጂሜይል ተመሳሳሊ መጻኢ መልእኽቲ ንኽፈልጥ ይሕግዞ።  ተጠቀምቲ ከም ጅምላዊ መልእኽትታት ዝተመዝገበ ኢመይል ብፍሉይ መንገዲ ክስርሑ ክገብርዎ ይኽእሉ።  Google Inc.፡ ካብን ካብን Gmail ዝለኣኹ ናይ ኢመይል መልእኽትታት ብዘይካ እቲ ወናኒ ኣካውንት ብኻልእ ሰብ ከምዘይንበብን፡ እቲ ብኮምፒዩተራት ዝንበብ ትሕዝቶ ድማ ተዛማድነት መወዓውዒታት ንምዕባይን ንብዙሕ መልእኽቲ ንምክልኻልን ጥራይ ከምዝጥቀመሉን ይገልጽ።  ፖሊሲታት ብሕታዊነት ካልኦት ህቡባት ኣገልግሎታት ኢመይል፡ ከም Outlook.com ን Yahooን ፡ ውልቃዊ ሓበሬታ ተጠቀምቲ ክእከብን ንዕላማታት መወዓውዒ ክውዕልን የኽእል። === ጂሜይል ሞባይል [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ጂሜይል ሞባይል ብልዕሊ 40 ቋንቋታት ይርከብ።  ጂሜይል ሞባይል ዝተባህለ ነጻ ኣገልግሎት፡ ካብ ሞባይል መሳርሒታት ንጂሜይል ንምእታው ዝተዳለወ እዩ። ጂሜይል ሞባይል ብዙሓት ካብቶም ጂሜይል ዘቕርቦም ባህርያት ናብ ንኣሽቱ ስክሪናት ሞባይል ብኣድማዒ መንገዲ ንኽበጽሑ የኽእሎም። ብዕለት 22 መስከረም 2009፡ ጉግል ንኣይፎንን ኣይፖድ ታችን ዝኸውን መድረኻት ጉግል ሲንክ ብምጥቃም ናብ ጂሜይል ናይ ምድፋእ ደገፍ ወሲኹ ። === ውህደት ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ብ9 ለካቲት 2010፡ ጉግል ምስ ጂሜይል ዝተዋሃሃደ ሓድሽ ናይ ማሕበራዊ መራኸቢ መሳርሒኡ ጉግል ባዝ ኣበጊሱ ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ናይ ኩነታት ምዕባለታት ከምኡ’ውን ሊንክን ሚድያን ከካፍሉ የኽእሎም።  ባዝ ብኣውቶማቲክ ምምራጽ ኣማራጺ እዩ ተጀሚሩ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ማሕበረሰብ ጂሜይል ዕግርግር ፈጢሩን ጉግል ነዚ ናይ መጀመርታ ምርጫ ብቕጽበት ክመልሶን ገይርዎ።  ባዝ ኣብ ታሕሳስ 2011 ተቛሪጹ፡ ብጉግል+ ተተኪኡ ። ካብ ጥሪ 2014 ጀሚሩ፡ ጉግል ተጠቀምቲ ጂሜይል ዋላ ናይ ነንሕድሕዶም ኢመይል ኣድራሻ እንተዘይብሎም፡ ናብ ናይ Google+ ኣካውንት ዘለዎም ተጠቀምቲ ኢመይል ክሰዱ ኣፍቂዱ። === ድምጺ ጉግል ኣብ ጂሜይል ቻት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ድምጺ ጉግል ኣብ ነሓሰ 2010፡ ጉግል ምስ ናይ ጂሜይል ጉግል ቻት መተሓላለፊ ዝተዋሃሃደ ኣገልግሎት ስልኪ ዝህብ ተወሳኺ ስራሕ ኣውጺኡ ነይሩ ። እዚ ኣገልግሎት ኣብ መጀመርታ ዝኾነ ወግዓዊ ስም ኣይነበሮን፤ ጉግል "Gmail Chat with Google Voice" ከምኡ'ውን "Call Phones in Gmail" ክብሎ እንከሎ  ሕጂ ነዚ ኣገልግሎት Google Video and Voice Chat ኢሉ ይጽውዖ ። እዚ ኣገልግሎት እዚ ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ናይ ጂሜይል ኣካውንቶም ናብ ኣሜሪካን ካናዳን ብነጻ ቴሌፎን ክድውሉ ዘኽእሎም ኮይኑ፡ እንተወሓደ ክሳብ መወዳእታ 2012 እዩ።  ናይ ጂሜይል ኣካውንት ዘለዎም ተጠቀምቲ እውን ብመሰረት ዝተወሰነ ናይ ክፍሊት መደብ ናብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ክድውሉ ይኽእሉ። እቲ ኣገልግሎት ብ26 ነሓሰ 2010 ኣብ ውሽጢ 24 ሰዓታት ልዕሊ 1 ሚልዮን ፍተሻታት ኣመዝጊቡ። ካብ ለካቲት 2015 ጀሚሩ፡ ጂሜይል ቻት ምስ ጉግል ቮይስ ገና ተጠቀምቲ ናብ ኣመሪካ ፡ ካናዳን ካልኦት ውሑዳት ሃገራትን ብነጻ ክድውሉ የኽእሎም። ^{[ ''ምጥቃስ የድሊ'' ] ።} Google Voice ኩሉ መዳያዊ ቪድዮ ኮንፈረንስ (ምስ ናይ ሰነድ ምክፋል ደገፍ) ሕጂ ምስ Google Hangouts ተዋሃሂዱ ኣሎ። === ጂሜይል ምድላይ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === መልእኽቲ ኢመይል ንምድላይ ኣብ ጂሜይል ናይ ምድላይ ባር ተዋሃሂዱ ኣሎ። እቲ ናይ ምድላይ ባር ርክባት፣ ኣብ Google Drive ዝተዓቀቡ ፋይላት ፣ Google Calendar eventsን Google Sitesን እውን ክደሊ ይኽእል።  እቲ ናይ ምድላይ ባህሪ ኣብ Google Search ውን ናይ ኢንተርነት ምድላይ ክገብር ይኽእል። ብ21 ግንቦት 2012 ጂሜይል ካብ ናይ ተጠቃሚ ኢመይል መልእኽትታት ትንበያዊ ኣውቶኮምፕሊሽን ንምሕዋስ ናይ ምድላይ ተግባራቱ ኣዕብዩ።  ከምቲ ኣብ ኢንተርነት ምድላይ ዝግበር፡ ናይ ጂሜይል ናይ ምድላይ ተግባር ንቁንጣሮ ቃላት ምድላይ ኣይድግፍን እዩ (‘ንኡስ ሕብረ-ቁጽሪ ምድላይ’ ተባሂሉ’ውን ይፍለጥ)፤ እንተኾነ ግን፡ ከፊላዊ ምትካል ሕብረ-ቁጽሪ (ንኣብነት 'ወርሒ' ምድላይ 'ኣዋርሕ' ዝብል ቃል ዝሓዘ ናይ ኢመይል መልእኽትታት'ውን ከርኢ እዩ)። == ድሕነት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ጂሜይል ኣብ ሓደ እዋን ዳታ ተጠቃሚ ንምውሳድ ዘይተመሰጠረ ምትእስሳር ይጥቀም ነይሩ፤ ምስጢራዊ ምግባር ናይቲ ምትእስሳር ንመእተዊ ገጽ ጥራይ እዩ ተጠቒሙ። ይኹን እምበር <code>'''<nowiki>http://mail.google.com/mail/</nowiki>''' Archived 18 ሕዳር 2020 ኣብ Wayback Machine .</code> <nowiki>https://mail.google.com/mail/</nowiki> <code>Archived 18 ሕዳር 2020 '''ኣብ''' ዋይባክ ማሽን .</code> ብምቕያር ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ንጂሜይል ውሑስ ምትእስሳር ክጥቀም ኣገዲዶምዎ፡ እዚ ድማ ሳልሳይ ወገን ነቲ ኣብ ምንጪ ኮድ ገጽ ብግልጺ ጽሑፍ ከም ዳታ ጃቫስክሪፕት ዝመሓላለፍ ሓበሬታ ተጠቃሚ፡ ከም ኢመይልን ሓበሬታ ርክብን ብስዉር ናይ ምስማዕ ሓደጋ ኣጉዲሉ። ካብ ሓምለ 2008 ጀሚሩ ንኤችቲቲፒኤስ ጥራይ ዝኸውን ጂሜይል ምውቃር ተኻኢሉ፤ እዚ ውቅር እዚ ንኹሎም ብኤችቲቲፒ ዝተገበሩ ውሑስ ዘይኮኑ ምትእስሳራት ዓጊትዎም። POP3ን IMAPን ምብጻሕ Transport Layer Security ወይ TLS ይጥቀም። ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ሕጂ ጂሜይል ብነባሪ መልክዑ ምስ ውሑስ ምትእስሳር ኤችቲቲፒኤስ ይራኸብ። ከም ሞዚላ ታንደርበርድ ዝኣመሰሉ ናይ ኢመይል ዓማዊል ኢመይል ኣብ ዝልእኹሉ እዋን TLS እኳ እንተተጠቐሙ፡ ካብ ጂሜይል ሰርቨር ናብ ናይቲ መዕለቢ ዓውዲ መልእኽቲ ደላላይ ኢመይል ኣብ ዝልእኹሉ እዋን ግን እንተዘይተደጊፉ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ኣይውዕልን፤ ስለዚ ኣብ ገለ ደረጃ ናይቲ ተጠቃሚ ናይ ኢመይል መልእኽቲ ጌና ብዘይተመሰጠረ ንጹር ጽሑፍ ክመሓላለፍ ይኽእል። ብ20 መጋቢት 2014፡ ጉግል ነቲ ኣብ 2013 ብሕታዊነት ኤድዋርድ ስኖውደን ዝገለጾ ምላሽ ንምሃብ፡ ኣብ ሓፈሻዊ ድሕነት ጂሜይል ምምሕያሽ ከምዝገበረ ኣፍሊጡ ። ንኹሉ ናይ ጂሜይል ኢመይላት ንምልኣኽን ንምቕባልን ምስጢራዊ ምትእስሳር ኤችቲቲፒኤስ ክጥቀም እዩ፣ ከምኡ’ውን “ነፍሲ ወከፍ እትሰዶ ወይ እትቕበሎ ናይ ኢመይል መልእኽቲ-100%-ኣብ መንጎ ስርዓታት ናይቲ ኩባንያ ብውሽጢ እናተንቀሳቐሰ’ውን ምስጢራዊ ክኸውን እዩ።[ 49] [ ኣብ 2007፡ ጂሜይል ንመላእ ኣካውንት ኣብ ሓደጋ ዘእቱ ስግረ-ሳይት ስክሪፕቲንግ ጂሜይል ናይ ጅምላ መልእኽቲ ምፍታሕ ኣገልግሎት ይህብ: እቲ ስርዓት ድሕሪ 30 መዓልታት ከም ብጅምላ መልእኽቲ ዝተመዝገቡ መልእኽትታት ብኣውቶማቲክ ይድምስሶም። ተጠቀምቲ ኩሎም መልእኽትታት ነቲ ናይ ጅምላ መልእኽቲ መጽረዪ ንኽሓልፉ ሕጊ ብምፍጣር ነቲ ናይ ጅምላ መልእኽቲ ምፍታሕ ስርዓት ከሰናኽልዎ ይኽእሉ። ናብ ኢንቦክስ ዝለኣኹ ኢመይላት ጥራይ ብመንገዲ POP3 ክምለሱ ስለ ዝኽእሉ፡ ተጠቀምቲ POP3 ብመንገዲ ዌብ ኢንተርፌስ ነቲ Mass Messages ዝብል ኣቃፊራ ብኢዶም ጥራይ እዮም ክምርምሩ ዝኽእሉ። እዚ POP3 ዘለዎ ቴክኒካዊ ድሩትነት እዩ። ኣብ 2008 ኣስታት 75% ካብቶም ናብ ኣካውንት ጂሜይል ዝለኣኹ ኢመይላት ከም ጅምላዊ መልእኽቲ ተጻሪዮም እዮም። ብዌብ ኢመይል ኣቢሎም ጂሜይል ዝጥቀሙ ተጠቀምቲ IP ኣድራሻኦም ድሕንነቶም ንምርግጋጽ ተሓቢኡ ከምዘሎን፡ እዚ ውሳነ ብኣጋኡ ብፖል ቡክሃይት ዝተወሰደ እዩ። ጂሜይል ናይ ኩሎም ዝኣትዉን ዝወጽእን ናይ ኢመይል መልእኽትታት ናይ ኢመይል መተሓሓዝያታት ብኣውቶማቲክ ቫይረስ ንምርካብ ይምርምር። ኣብ ሓደ ኣንባቢ ክኸፍቶ ዝፍትን ኣታችመንት ቫይረስ እንተተረኺቡ፡ ጂሜይል ነቲ ቫይረስ ኣጽሪዩ ነቲ ኣታችመንት ጸሪጉ ክኸፍቶ ይፍትን። ብተወሳኺ ጂሜይል ንኹሎም ዝወጽእ ኣታችመንት ስካን ብምግባር ቫይረሳት እንተተረኺቦም ነቲ መልእኽቲ ከይለኣኽ ይዓግቶም። ብተወሳኺ ጂሜይል ተጠቀምቲ ተግባራዊ ዝኾኑ ወይ ፈጸምቲ ዝሓዙ ዝተጸቕጡ ማህደር ክሰዱ ወይ ክቕበሉ ኣይፈቅድን እዩ። ብ5 ሰነ 2012፡ ተጠቀምቲ ካብ ብመንግስቲ ዝምወል መጥቃዕቲ ንምክልኻል ሓድሽ ናይ ጸጥታ ባህሪ ተኣታትዩ። ትንታነ ጉግል ሓደ መንግስቲ ናብ ሓደ ኣካውንት ክሰብር ይፍትን ከምዘሎ ምስ ዘርኢ፡ ጂሜይል " መጠንቀቕታ: ብመንግስቲ ዝምወሉ መጥቃዕቲ ዝፍጽሙ ሰባት ናብ ኣካውንትካ ወይ ኮምፒተርካ ክሰብሩ ይፍትኑ ኣለዉ ኢልና ንኣምን።" ድሕሪ ትሽዓተ ኣዋርሕ ዘይንጥፈት፡ ጉግል ንሓደ ናይ ጂሜይል ኣካውንት ከቋርጾ ይኽእል እዩ (ካብ 2008 ጀሚሩ)።  ካልኦት ኣብ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ዝተመርኮሱ ኣገልግሎታት ንሓደ ኣካውንት ከም ዘይንጡፍ ንምምልካት ዝተፈላለየን መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ዝሓጸረን ግዜ ኣለዎም። ያሁ! ፖስታ ድሕሪ ዓሰርተው ክልተ ኣዋርሕ ንዝደቀሱ ኣካውንትታት ይዓጽዎም። === ክልተ ደረጃታት ምርግጋጽ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ጂሜይል 2-Step Verification ዝበሃል መልክዕ ክልተ ረቛሒታት ዘለዎ ምርግጋጽ ምርግጋጽ ይድግፍ።  ምስ ተኸፍተ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ናብ ሓዳስ ኮምፒተር ክኣትዉ ከለዉ ስሞምን ምልክት ቃልን ምስ ኣእተዉ፡ በቲ ካልኣይ ኣገባብ ተጠቒሞም ምርግጋጽ ክገብሩ ኣለዎም። ከም ልሙድ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ ስልኮም 6 ኣሃዝ ዘለዎ ኮድ የእትዉ፡ እዚ ድማ ብናይ ጽሑፍ መልእኽቲ ወይ ብድምጺ ጻውዒት ይለኣኽ።  ተጠቀምቲ ከም Google Authenticator ዝኣመሰለ ተሰማማዒ ሞባይል መሳርሒ እውን ክጥቀሙ ይኽእሉ እዮም ። ብ21 ጥቅምቲ 2014፡ ጉግል ኣብ ክሮም መርበብ ሓበሬታ ምውህሃድ ዩኒቨርሳል ሴኮንዳሪ ፋክተር (U2F) ኣፍሊጡ፡ እዚ ድማ ንኽልተ ረቛሒታት ምርግጋጽ ፊዚካዊ መፍትሕ ድሕነት ከምዘፍቅድ ተገሊጹ።  ተጠቀምቲ ብኤስኤምኤስ ኣብ ዝለኣኹ ናይ ምርግጋጽ ኮዳት ወይ ኣብ ስልኮም ዝፍጠሩ ኮዳት ብምምርኳስ ቀዳማይ ኣገባብ ክልተ ደረጃ ምርግጋጽን U2F Security Keyን ክመርጹ ይኽእሉ።  ምስ 6 ኣሃዝ ዘለዎም ኮዳት ክነጻጸር እንከሎ፡ መፍትሕ ድሕነት ዝሓሸ መከላኸሊ ኣንጻር ፊሽንግ ዝህብን ኣድላይነት ሞባይል መሳርሒ ዘወግድን እዩ። === 24 ሰዓታት ዕጽዋ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ሓደ ኣልጎሪዝም ነቲ ጉግል "ኣካውንትካ ከምዝተሰርቀ ከመልክት ዝኽእል ዘይንቡር ኣጠቓቕማ" ዝብሎ ንምፍላጥ ይፍትን፡ ከከምቲ ዝተረኽበ ዓይነት ንጥፈት፡ ነቲ ኣካውንት ካብ ሓደ ደቒቕ ክሳብ 24 ሰዓታት ኣብ ዝኾነ ቦታ ብኣውቶማቲክ ይዓጽዎ። ምኽንያታት ዕጽዋ ተዘርዚሮም ዘለዉ እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም * "ብዙሕ ኢመይል ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ብመንገዲ POP ወይ IMAP ምቕባል፡ ምድምሳስ ወይ ምውራድ። ከም 'ምዕራፍ 4 Crash' ዝኣመሰለ ናይ ጌጋ መልእኽቲ እንተመጺኡካ፡ ድሕሪ ኣስታት 24 ምጽባይ ናብ Gmail ክትኣቱ ትኽእል ኢኻ።" * "ኣዝዩ ብዙሕ ቁጽሪ ዘይብሎም መልእኽትታት (መልእኽትታት ምብስባስ) እናሰደድካ።" * “ ፋይል ሼሪንግ ወይ ፋይል መኽዘን ሶፍትዌርን ብራውዘር ኤክስቴንሽን ወይ ብኣውቶማቲክ ናብ ኣካውንትካ ዘእትወካ ናይ ሳልሳይ ወገን ሶፍትዌርን ምጥቃም።” * "ብዙሕ ክፍለ ግዜታት ጂሜይል ክፉት ምጽናሕ።" * "ምስ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ዝተኣሳሰሩ ጉዳያት። ናብ ኢንቦክስካ ክትኣቱ ኣብ እትፍትነሉ እዋን መርበብ ሓበሬታኻ ብቐጻሊ ዳግማይ ክጽዕን እንተርኢኻዮ፡ ምናልባት ናይ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ጉዳይ ስለዝኾነ፡ ናይ መርበብ ሓበሬታኻ መኽዘንን ኩኪስን ከተጽርዮ ከድልየካ ይኽእል እዩ።" === ስእለ ጽዩፍ ህጻናት ኣብ ጂሜይል [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ጉግል ምስ ናይ ጂሜይል ሰርቨርታቱን ሃገራዊ ማእከል ዝጠፍኡን ዝተመዝመዙን ህጻናትን (NCMEC) ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ንዝተበደሉ ህጻናት ብምርካብ ስእለ ጽዩፍ ህጻናት ይቃለስ። ጉግል ምስ NCMEC ብምትሕብባር ናይ ህጻናት ስእለ ጽዩፍ ምስልታት ዝሓዘ ዳታቤዝ ይፈጥር። ነፍሲ ወከፍ ካብዞም ምስልታት ብሃሽ ዝፍለጥ ፍሉይ ቁጽራዊ ኣሃዝ ይወሃቦ። ብድሕሪኡ ጉግል ነዞም ፍሉያት ሃሽታት ኣብ ጂሜይል ስካን ይገብሮም። ጥርጡራት ምስልታት ምስ ዝረኽቡ፡ ጉግል ናብ ሰበስልጣን ይሕብር። == ናይ Google Apps ኣቕራቢ ምልክት ምግባር [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ጉግል ብ10 ለካቲት 2006 "Gmail for Your Domain" ዝብል ኣገልግሎት ኣተኣታትዩ። ኩለን ኣብቲ ናይ ቤታ ፈተና ዝተሳተፋ ኩባንያታት፡ ኣብ መላእ ዶመይነን ጂሜይል ክጥቀማ ፍቓድ ረኺበን። ካብ ሽዑ ጀሚሩ፡ ጉግል Google Apps ኣዳልዩ ኣሎ፡ እዚ ድማ ንዓኻ ዝምጥን ስሪት ናይ Google Calendar , Google Page Builderን ካልእን ዘጠቓልል እዩ ። ዝተፈላለዩ ስሪታቱ ስለዘለዉ፡ ንኣናእሽቱ ኩባንያታት ከምኡ’ውን ንዓበይቲ ኩባንያታት ዒላማ ዝገበረ እዩ። ንISPs ን ፖርታላትን ዝዓለመ ኣገልግሎት Google Apps Partner Edition ምስ ካልኦት ኣገልግሎታት Google (ከም Calendar and Docs ) ብብራንድ ዝምጥን ናይ Gmail ኣካውንት የቕርብ። == መተሓላለፊ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ መተሓላለፊ ጂሜይል ናይ ጂሜይል ተጠቃሚ መተሓላለፊ ኣብ መጀመርታ ካብ ካልኦት ስርዓታት ዌብሜይል ዝተፈልየ ኣብ ኢመይል ምድላይን ዕላል ምፍሳስን ብምትኳር እዩ ነይሩ ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ መንጎ ክልተ ወይ ልዕሊኡ ሰባት ኣብ ሓደ ገጽ ንሓያሎ መልእኽትታት ይጥርንፍ፣ እዚ ኣገባብ ግን ድሒሩ ብተወዳደርቲ ተቐዲሑ። ዲዛይነር ናይ ተጠቃሚ መተሓላለፊ ጂሜይል ፡ ኬቪን ፎክስ ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ናብ ካልእ ቦታታት ካብ ምኻድ፡ ኩሉ ግዜ ኣብ ሓደ ገጽ ከም ዘለዉን ኣብቲ ገጽ ጥራይ ነገራት ዝቕይሩን ኮይኑ ክስምዖም እዩ ዝደሊ ነይሩ።  ናይ ጂሜይል መተሓላለፊ ውን ኣጠቓቕማ 'ስለመታት' ኣተኣታትዩ - መተካእታ ባህላዊ ማህደርን ኢመይላት ንምውዳብ ዝሕግዝ መንገዲን፡ ዝኣትዉ ኢመይላት ብኣውቶማቲክ ንምእራም፡ ንምድምሳስ ወይ ናብ ካልእ ኣድራሻታት ንምስግጋር ዝፍልፍል፡ ከምኡ'ውን መልእኽትታት ብኣውቶማቲክ 'ኣገደስቲ' ዝብል ምልክት ምግባር It provided ዝያዳ ተዓጻጻፊ ኣገባብ። == መወከሲታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == # '''^ ^{''a b''}''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' Gmail HTTPS-only default setting Archived 22 ሕዳር 2011 ኣብ Wayback Machine .. ማእከል ሓገዝ Gmail. # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' ^{[ ''ሞይቱ/ዝተሰብረ ሊንክ'' ]} # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' ደራሲ ጠፊኡ ( ሓገዝ ) <code>|ad1=|soyadı1=</code> # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' መወዳእታ ዘይብሉ መኽዘን ጂሜይል ኣብ 28 ሚያዝያ 2016 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ .ዝተረኽበሉ 30 ሰነ 2006። # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^ ^{''a b''}''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' ካሎረ፣ ማይክል፣ "ጂሜይል ብሓድሽ ናይ ምድዋል ባህሪ ንሓደ ደረጃ ይድወል" 6 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi ., ''Wired Magazine'' , August 25, 2010 # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' ምግላጽ ሓበሬታ ጂሜይል ኣብ 7 ጥሪ 2016 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . – mybeNi ድሕነት መርበብ ሓበሬታ # '''^''' Google ንናይ Gmail ስግረ-ሳይት ስክሪፕቲንግ ተቓላዕነት ይዓጽዎ Archived 4 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine . – ኢንፎዎርልድ ኒውስ. ብዕለት 27 መስከረም 2007 ዝተረኽበ። # '''^''' # '''^''' ናይ ሓደ ላኣኺ IP ኣድራሻ ምርኣይ Archived 7 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine . ሓገዝ ጂሜይል (20 መስከረም 2014 ዝተረኽበ) # '''^''' ማይክ ሄርን: [መልእኽቲ] ዘመናዊ ጸረ-ስፓምን E2E ክሪፕቶን ዝተመዝገበ 9 ጥሪ 2016 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን .. መስከረም 5, 2104 # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^''' # '''^ ^{''a b c d e f''}''' # '''^''' # '''^''' Google Introduces Gmail For Your Domain Archived 26 መስከረም 2019 ኣብ Wayback Machine ., ካብ ሰነ 2007 ዝተረኽበ # '''^''' # '''^''' == ናይ ደገ መላግቦታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * ወግዓዊ መርበብ ሓበሬታ * gmail for work Archived 8 ሓምለ 2016 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን . == [ ኣርትዖት == 57vmixwkdzxzbj08v07jjk8ypk0lv6l 0 6280 24744 2024-03-31T14:27:37Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = Google Maps ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+Google Maps ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። ! colspan="2" | |- !በዓል ዋና |Google Inc. |- !URL ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |google.com/maps ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |- !ንግዳዊ? |እወ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = Google Maps ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+Google Maps ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። ! colspan="2" | |- !በዓል ዋና |Google Inc. |- !URL ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |google.com/maps ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |- !ንግዳዊ? |እወ |- !ዓይነት ሳይት። |ካርታ |- !ቅዳሕ |አይኮንን |- !ዝርከብ ቋንቋ(ታት) |ብዙሕ ቋንቋታት ዝዛረብ |- !ምጅማር ዕለት |8 ለካቲት 2005 (ቅድሚ 19 ዓመት ) |- !ህሉው ኩነታት |ንቑሕ |} '''Google Maps''' ( ትግርኛ :  Google Maps ) ብ Google ዝቐርብ ነጻ ናይ ኦንላይን ካርታ ምውጻእ ኣገልግሎት ’ ዩ ። Google Maps ንኻልኦት መርበባት ካብቲ ኣገልግሎት ተጠቀምቲ ንኽኾኑ እውን ኤፒኣይ (ኣፕሊኬሽን ፕሮግራሚንግ ኢንተርፌስ) ደገፍ ይህብ ። Google Earth ዝበሃል ናይ Google Maps ሶፍትዌር ስሪት ፤ ኣብ ዊንዶውስን ሊኑክስን ዝተመርኮሰ ስርዓተ ምምሕዳር ክሰርሕ ይኽእል ። ኣብ ኣገልግሎት ጉግል ማፕስ እውን ሰለስተ መልክዕ ዘለዎም ሞዴላት ህንጻ ይቐርቡ። == ናይ ጎደና ምርኣይ ባህሪ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ''ስትሪት ቪው'' ብ360° ጎደናታት ክትበጽሑ ዘኽእለካ ባህሪ እዩ ። ንመጀመርያ ግዜ ኣብ USA ኣብ 2007 እዩ ተጠቒሙ። ስእሊ ብናይ ተሽከርካሪትን ናይ ድሕሪት ካሜራን ምውሳድ ይከኣል ።  ሰባት፡ ታርጋን ቁጽሪ ተሌፎንን ብበረድ ተሸፊኖም ኣለዉ። == መወከሲታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == # '''^''' == ናይ ደገ መላግቦታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * Google Maps Archived 13 ጥቅምቲ 2014 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን . ** Google Sky Archived 11 ሚያዝያ 2011 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን . ** Google Moon ኣብ 30 ነሓሰ 2007 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . ** Google Mars Archived 22 ለካቲት 2011 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን . cpobb1am60g6y08bn5di9ng0eftr7ro 0 6281 24745 2024-03-31T14:28:28Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = ጉግል ድራይቭ = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጉግል ድራይቭ ! colspan="2" | |- !በዓል ዋና |ጉግል |- !URL ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |google.com/drive/ ዝብል መርበብ ሓበሬታ |- !ንግዳዊ? |እወ |- !ዓይነት ሳይት። |...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = ጉግል ድራይቭ = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጉግል ድራይቭ ! colspan="2" | |- !በዓል ዋና |ጉግል |- !URL ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |google.com/drive/ ዝብል መርበብ ሓበሬታ |- !ንግዳዊ? |እወ |- !ዓይነት ሳይት። |ኣገልግሎት ምእንጋድ ፋይል , Cloud computing , Cloud storage |- !ቅዳሕ |አድላዩ |- !ብዝሒ ኣባላት |1 ቢልዮን (ሓምለ 2018) |- !ዝርከብ ቋንቋ(ታት) |105 ቋንቋታት |- !ቋንቋ ፕሮግራሚንግ |ፓይቶን |- !ፍቓድ ትሕዝቶ |ዋንነት ዘለዎ ሶፍትዌር |- !ምጅማር ዕለት |ሚያዝያ 24, 2012 (ቅድሚ 11 ዓመት ) |- !ህሉው ኩነታት |ኦንላይን |} {| class="wikitable" |+ጉግል ድራይቭ | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Google Drive ኣንድሮይድ ኣፕ |- !መማዕበሊ(ታት) |ጉግል |- !ኩነታት ልምዓት |ንቑሕ |- !ኦኤስ |ማይክሮሶፍት ዊንዶውስ ፣ ኦኤስ |- !ተበጻሕነት ምዃኑ’ዩ። |ብዙሕ ቋንቋታት ዝዛረብ |- !ዓይነት |ኣገልግሎት ምእንጋድ ፋይል , Cloud computing , Cloud storage |- !ፍቓድ |ነጻ ሶፍትዌር |- !ወግዓዊ መርበብ ሓበሬታ |ወግዓዊ መርበብ ሓበሬታ |} '''Google Drive ብ''' Google ዝተፈጥረን ዝመሓደርን ናይ ፋይል መኽዘንን ምትእስሳርን ኣገልግሎት ’ ዩ ።  እዚ ኣገልግሎት እዚ፤ ተጠቀምቲ ሰነዳት ኣብ ደበና ክዕቅቡ ፣ ፋይላት ከካፍሉን ሰነዳት ምስ ተሓባበርቶም ከዐርዩን የኽእሎም። ጉግል ድራይቭ፤ ናይ ሰነዳት፣ ስፕረድሺት፣ ኣቀራርባ፣ ስእልታት፣ ቅጥዕታትን ካልኦትን ብሓባር ምእራም ምኽኣል፤ ንሱ ድማ ብ Google Docs, Sheets and Slides ዝቖመ ናይ ቤት ጽሕፈት ሱት እዩ ። ኣብ ጉግል ድራይቭ ብህዝቢ ዝካፈሉ ፋይላት ብሞተር ምድላይ ኢንተርነት ክድለዩ ይኽእሉ። ከም ካልኦት ፍርያት ጉግል @gmail.com ኢመይል ኣድራሻታት ተጠቒምካ ብናይ ጉግል ኣካውንት ነቲ ኣገልግሎት ክትምዝገብ ይከኣል እዩ ። ጉግል ድራይቭ፤ ብ24 ሚያዝያ 2012 ናብ ኣገልግሎት ዝኣተወ ኮይኑ፡ ክሳብ ጥቅምቲ 2014 ድማ ቁጽሪ ወርሓዊ ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ 240 ሚልዮን እዩ። == መተግበሪ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == === ናይ ኮምፒተር መተግበሪ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === Google Drive ኣብ መንጎ መሳርሒ ተጠቃሚን መኽዘን Google Driveን ፋይላት ንኽሰማማዕ፡ Google Drive ሶፍትዌር ኣፕሊኬሽን ኣብ መሳርሒ ተጠቃሚ ክሰርሕ ኣለዎ። እቲ ሶፍትዌር ምስ ጉግል ድራይቭ ብምርኻብ ዳታ ንምትእስሳር ይሰርሕ። Google Drive ን Windows Vista ወይ ድሕሪኡ ንዝጥቀማ ኮምፒዩተራትን Mac OS X Lion ወይ ድሕሪኡ ንዝጥቀማ ማክስን ይርከብ። ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2016፡ ጉግል፡ ቨርዥን 1.27ን ትሕቲኡን ናይቲ ኮምፒተር ሶፍትዌር ከም ዝቋረጽን ምትእስሳር ኣብ 1 ለካቲት 2017 ከም ዝውዳእን ኣፍሊጡ ነይሩ። ድሒሩ ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2016፡ ጉግል ካብ 1 ጥሪ 2017 ጀሚሩ ንዊንዶውስ ኤክስፒ ፡ ዊንዶውስ ቪስታ ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ዊንዶውስ ሰርቨር 2003 ስሪት ናይ ኮምፒተር ሶፍትዌሩ ዝህቦ ዝነበረ ደገፍ ከም ዘብቅዕ ኣፍሊጡ ። እቲ ሶፍትዌር ኣብዞም መድረኻት ክቕጽል እዩ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ብንጥፈት ክፍተንን ኣይክዕቀብን እዩ። ጉግል ኣብ ሚያዝያ 2012 ኣብ ሊኑክስ ሶፍትዌር ስራሕ ይቕጽል ከምዘሎ ገሊጹ ነይሩ፤ ክሳብ ሕዳር 2013 ግን ብዛዕባኡ ዝኾነ ዜና ኣይነበረን። ኣብ ሚያዝያ 2012 ምክትል ፕረዚደንት ጉግል ሱንዳር ፒቻይ ፡ ጉግል ድራይቭ ምስ ክሮም ኦኤስ ቨርዥን 20 ብጽኑዕ ክውሃሃድ ምዃኑ ገሊጹ ። === ሞባይል መተግበሪ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === Google Drive ንኣንድሮይድ 4.1 "Jelly Bean" ወይ ድሕሪኡ ንዝጥቀማ ኣንድሮይድ ስማርትፎናትን ታብሌታትን፡ ከምኡ'ውን iOS 7 ወይ ድሕሪኡ ንዝጥቀማ ኣይፎናትን ኣይፓድስን ይርከብ ። Drive app ንመብዛሕትኦም ዓይነታት ፋይላት ካብ መስመር ወጻኢ ምርኣይ ይድግፍ፤ ዘይተደገፉ ፋይላት ኣብ ሳልሳይ ወገን መተግበሪታት ኣብቲ መሳርሒ ክኽፈቱ ይኽእሉ። Google Drive ክሳብ ሚያዝያ 2014 ንኣርትዖት ሰነዳትን ስፕረድሺትን ይድግፍ ነይሩ፡ ድሕሪኡ ናብቶም ሓደስቲ ዝተዘርግሑ ንበይኖም ዝኾኑ ኣፕስ ን Docs, Sheets, and Slides ( Google Docs ) ተሰጋጊሩ። ኣብ ኣንድሮይድ ዝርከብ ኣፕ ጉግል ድራይቭ ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ንሓደ ሰነድ፡ ፌርማ ወይ ካልእ ጽሑፍ ስእሊ ክወስዱን ናብ ክእረም ዝኽእል ጽሑፍ ንምቕያር ድማ ብርሃናዊ ምልላይ ፊደላት ክጥቀሙን የኽእሎም ።  ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 2014፡ እቲ ኣንድሮይድ ኣፕ ብማተርያል ዲዛይን ተጠቃሚ መተሓላለፊ፡ ዝተመሓየሸ ምድላይ፡ ፋይል ኣብ እትካፈልሉ እዋን ብሕታዊ መልእኽቲ ናይ ምውሳኽ ዓቕሚ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሓድሽ ፒዲኤፍ ቪውየር ተሓዲሱ። ኣብ ነሓሰ 2016፡ ጉግል ድራይቭ ንኣንድሮይድ 4.0 "ኣይስክሪም ሳንድዊች" ወይ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ ዝጥቀሙ ኣንድሮይድ መሳርሒታት ዝህቦ ደገፍ ኣቋሪጹ።  ብመሰረት እቲ ፖሊሲ፡ እቲ ኣፕ ነቶም ዝኣረጉ ስሪት ንዘካይዱ መሳርሒታት ክሰርሕ ክቕጽል እዩ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ምዕባለታት ብዝበለጸ ጻዕሪ እዩ ዝቐርብ። == መኽዘን [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ጉግል ኣብ መጀመርታ ንኹሎም ተጠቀምቲ 15 ጊባ ናይ ኦንላይን መኽዘን ይህብ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ መንጎ ሰለስተ ዝበዝሑ ኣገልግሎታቱ ማለት Google Drive, Gmail , ከምኡ’ውን Google Photos  (ብ Picasa Web Albums ዝፍለጥ) ዝካፈል እዩ።  ተወሳኺ መኽዘን ንምርካብ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ነቲ ነጻ 15GB ዝዓቐኑ ኣካውንቶም ብዝኽፈል ወርሓዊ ናይ ምዝገባ ውጥን ከዕብይዎ ይኽእሉ።  ናይ Google Docs መበቆላዊ ቅርጺ ዝጥቀሙ ሰነዳት (.gdoc, .gslides, .gsheet ሓዊሱ) ኣብዚ ኮታ ኣይተኻተቱን። ኣብ Google+ Photos ትሕቲ 2048 x 2048 ፒክሰል ርዝነት ዘለዎምን ትሕቲ 15 ደቓይቕ ዝኾኑን ቪድዮታት እውን ኣብዚ ኮታ ኣይተኻተቱን።  ብቅርጺ ማይክሮሶፍት ኦፊስን ኦፐንዶኩመንትን ዝተሰቕሉ ፋይላት (ምስ ክህሉ ዝኽእል ለውጢ ቅርጺ) ናብ ናይ ጉግል ዋንነት ዘለዎ ቅርጺ ክቕየሩን በዚ ኸኣ ምስቲ ናይ መኽዘን ኮታ ከይተቖጸሩ ክኽዘኑን ይኽእሉ። ደረት ኣልቦ ቁጽሪ ስእልታት ክሳብ 16 ሜጋፒክሰልን ክሳብ 1080p ርዝነት ዘለዎም ቪድዮታትን ኣብ Google Photos ብነጻ ይኽዘኑ "High quality" ዝብል ቅጥዒ ተጠቒሞም። ብነባሪ መልክዑ፡ ዕድጊታት መኽዘን ኣብ መወዳእታ ናይቲ ናይ ምዝገባ ግዜ ብኣውቶማቲክ ክሕደስ ይቕመጥ። "Original quality" ዝብል ቅጥዒ ምጥቃም Google Drive storage ይጥቀም። ካብ 2016 ጀሚሩ፡ እዚኦም እዮም እቶም ብጉግል ዝቐርቡ ናይ መኽዘን ውጥናት {| class="wikitable" !መኽዚን !ዋጋ |- |15GB እዩ። |ነፃ |- |100GB እዩ። |ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ወርሒ $1.99 |- |1TB |ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ወርሒ $9.99 |- |10TB |$99.99 ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ወርሒ |- |20TB |$199.99 ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ወርሒ |- |30TB |$299.99 ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ወርሒ |} ብነባሪ መልክዑ፡ ዕድጊታት መኽዘን ኣብ መወዳእታ ናይቲ ናይ ምዝገባ ግዜ ብኣውቶማቲክ ክሕደስ ይቕመጥ። ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ ዝኾነ እዋን ውጥናት መኽዘንኦም ከዕብዩ ይኽእሉ፡ እቲ ሓድሽ ደረጃ መኽዘን ድማ ብቕጽበት ተግባራዊ ይኸውን። ኣውቶ-ምሕዳስ እንተዘይተዓዊቱ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ናይ ክፍሊት ሓበሬታኦም ንምዕራፍ ናይ 7 መዓልታት ናይ ጸጋ ግዜ ክወሃቦም እዩ። እቲ ትልሚ መኽዘን ግዜኡ ምስ ኣኸለ ወይ ምስ ተሰረዘ፡ እቲ ገደብ መኽዘን ናብቲ ነጻ ደረጃ ይምለስ። ተጠቀምቲ ሕጂ'ውን ንኹሉ ትሕዝቶኦም ክረኽብዎ ይኽእሉ እዮም፡ ግን ካብቲ ናይ መኽዘን ደረት ወጻኢ ዝኾነ ነገር ክውስኹ ኣይክእሉን። * ተጠቀምቲ ብዘይካ እቶም ቦታ ዘይወስዱ Docs, Sheets ወይ Slides ሓደስቲ ፋይላት ናብ Google Drive ክውስኹ ኣይክእሉን እዮም። ኣብ መንጎ Driveን ናይቲ ከባቢ መሳርሒን ምትእስሳር ደው ክብል እዩ። * ኣብ Google Photos "Original quality" ዝብል ቅጥዒ ዘለዎም ተጠቀምቲ ሓደስቲ ስእልታት ወይ ቪድዮታት ክሰቕሉ ኣይክእሉን እዮም። * ኩሎም ኣብ ጂሜይል ዝኣትዉ ኢመይላት ናብቲ ላኣኺ ክምለሱ እዮም። ንመኽዘን Google Apps (G Suite) Google ንኹሎም ተጠቀምቲ G Suite Basic 30 GB Drive storage ከምኡ’ውን ነቶም G Suite Unlimited ወይ G Suite for Education ዝጥቀሙ ድማ ብውሑዱ 5 ኣባላት ክሳብ ዘለዉ ደረት ኣልቦ መኽዘን የቕርብ። ትሕቲ 5 ኣባላት ዘለወን ማሕበራት ንሓደ ተጠቃሚ 1 ቲቢ ይረኽባ። ቅድሚ ምጅማር ጉግል ድራይቭ፡ ጉግል ዶክስ ኣብ መጀመርታ 15GB ነጻ መኽዘን ይህብ ነይሩ። ጉግል ድራይቭ ብ24 ሚያዝያ 2012 5 ጊባ ነጻ መኽዘን ሒዙ ተኣታትዩ። ትልምታት መጉሓፊ ጐሓፍ ተኸልኪሎም፤ 25GB $2.49/ወርሒ፡ 100GB $4.99/ወርሒ፡ 1TB ድማ $49.99/ወርሒ ክኸውን እዩ። ኣብ መጀመርታ Gmail , Google Docs, Picasa ንነጻ መኽዘን ዝተፈላለየ ኣበልን ንዝተዓደገ መኽዘን ናይ ሓባር ኣበልን ነይርዎም። ኣብ መንጎ ሚያዝያ 2012ን ግንቦት 2013ን፡ Google Driveን Google+ Photosን ንኽልቲኡ ነጻን ዝተዓደገን መኽዘን ናይ ሓባር ኣበል ዘጠቓለለ እዩ ነይሩ፤ ጂሜይል ውን ፍሉይ ናይ 10GB መኽዘን ገደብ ነይርዎ፡ እዚ ድማ ዝኾነ ናይ መኽዘን ፕላን ብምዕዳግ ናብ 25GB ክብ ኢሉ። ጉግል ኣብ መስከረም 2012 ከም ዝገለጾ፡ ሕጂ ዝኽፈል ምምዳብ ብነጻ ኣብ ክንዲ ዝውሰኽ፡ ጠቕላላ መኽዘን ከም ዘጠቓልል፤ ንኣብነት. እቲ 100GB ፕላን ከምቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ዝነበረ 115GB ብድምር 100GB ዝህብ እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ ግንቦት 2013፡ ጉግል ኣብ መላእ ጂሜይል፡ ጉግል ድራይቭን ጉግል+ ፎቶታትን መኽዘን ምውህሃድ ኣፍሊጡ፡ እዚ ድማ ንተጠቀምቲ 15GB ውሁድ ነጻ መኽዘን ኣብ መላእ ኣገልግሎታት ሂቡ። ኣብ መጋቢት 2014፡ ውጥናት መኽዘን ዳግማይ ተራእዩ፡ ዋጋታት ብ80% ናብ $1.99/mo ን100GB፡ $9.99/mo ን$1፡ $99.99/mo ን10TB ወሪዱ። እዚ ካብቲ ድሮፕቦክስን ማይክሮሶፍትን ዝህብዎ ኣገልግሎት ዋንድራይቭ ኣዝዩ ዝሓሰረ እዩ ነይሩ።  ናይ 25 ጊባን 200 ጊባን ትልምታት ተቛሪጾም እቶም 2 ቲቢ፣ 4 ቲቢ፣ 8 ቲቢን 16 ቲቢን ፕላን ብ10 ቲቢ፣ 20 ቲቢን 30 ቲቢን ተተኪኦም ኣለዉ። ተጠቀምቲ ብኣውቶማቲክ ናብቲ ሓድሽ ናይ ዋጋ ምውሳን መደብ ተዓብዮም። == ባህርያት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == === ምክፋል [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === Google Drive ብነባሪ መልክዑ ብፈጣሪኡ ዝውነን ፋይል ወይ ፎልደር ምክፋል ስርዓት ይቕበል። እዚ ዋና እዚ ንህዝቢ ርኡይነት ናይቲ ፋይል ወይ ፎልደር ናይ ምቁጽጻር ክእለት ኣለዎ። ዋንነት ዝሰጋገር እዩ። ፋይላት ወይ ኣቃፊራታት ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም @gmail.com ኢመይል ኣድራሻ ተጠቒሞም ምስ ፍሉያት ተጠቀምቲ ናይ Google ኣካውንት ዘለዎም ብውልቂ ክካፈሉ ይኽእሉ ። ፋይላት ምስ ናይ ጉግል ኣካውንት ዘይብሎም ተጠቀምቲ ምክፋል፡ መእተዊኦም ናብ 'ዝኾነ ሰብ ምስቲ ሊንክ' ክቕየር የድሊ። እዚ ድማ ነቲ ፋይል ብኢመይል፡ ብሎግ ወዘተ ክካፈል ዝኽእል ምስጢራዊ URL ይፈጥር። ፋይላትን ማህደርን ‘ህዝባዊ ኣብ ኢንተርነት’ ተባሂሎም እውን ክቕመጡ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ እዚ ማለት ብሞተር ምድላይ ኢንዴክስ ክግበረሎምን በዚ ድማ ዝኾነ ሰብ ክረኽቦን ክረኽቦን ይኽእል። እዚ ዋና እዚ ፍቓድ ንምእራም ደረጃ መእተዊ እውን ከቐምጥ ይኽእል እዩ። ሰለስተ ደረጃታት መእተዊ ይቐርቡ፡ 'ክእርም ይኽእል'፡ 'ርእይቶ ክገብር ይኽእል' ከምኡ'ውን 'ክርኢ ይኽእል'። ናይ ኣርትዖት ዕድል ዘለዎም ተጠቀምቲ ንኻልኦት ንኽእርሙ ክዕድሙ ይኽእሉ። === ናይ ሳልሳይ ወገን መተግበሪታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ምስ Google Drive ዝሰርሑ ዝተፈላለዩ ናይ ደገ ዌብ ኣፕስ ካብ Chrome Web Store ክትረኽብዎም ትኽእሉ ኢኹም ። ሓደ ኣፕ ንምውሳኽ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ናብ ክሮም ዌብ ስቶር ክኣትዉ ኣለዎም፡ እንተኾነ ግን ኣፕ ምስ ኩሎም ዝድገፉ ዌብ ዳህሰስቲ ዝሰማምዑ እዮም። ገለ ካብዞም ኣፕስ ከም Google Docs, Sheets, Slides ዝኣመሰሉ ናይ ቀዳማይ ወገን ኣፕስ እዮም። ድራይቨር ኣፕሊኬሽናት ኣብ ኦንላይን ፋይላት ዝሰርሑ ኮይኖም ብዝተፈላለየ ቅርጺ ዘለዎም ፋይላት ንምርኣይ፣ ንምእራምን ንምፍጣርን፣ ምስልታትን ቪድዮታትን ንምእራም፣ ሰነዳት ፋክስን ምፍራምን፣ ፕሮጀክትታት ንምምሕዳር፣ ፍሎውቻርት ንምፍጣር ወዘተ የኽእሉኻ። ክውዕል ይኽእል እዩ። ድራይቨር ኣፕሊኬሽናት ብነባሪ መልክዑ ነቶም ዝድግፎም ቅርጽታት ፋይል ንምሕላው ክቕመጡ ይኽእሉ። ገለ ካብዞም ኣፕስ ኣብ Google Chrome ን Chrome OSን ካብ መስመር ወጻኢ ’ ውን ይሰርሑ ።  ኩሎም ናይ ሳልሳይ ወገን መተግበሪታት ንምትካል ነጻ እዮም። ይኹን እምበር፡ ገሊኦም ምስ ቀጻሊ ኣጠቓቕማ ወይ ተወሳኺ ባህርያት ምርካብ ዝተኣሳሰር ክፍሊት ኣለዎም። ካብ ሳልሳይ ወገን ኣፕ ናብ ጉግል ድራይቭ ዳታ ምዕቃብ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ፍቓድ የድሊ። Google Drive software development kit (SDK) ምስ Google Drive user interfaceን Chrome Web Storeን ብምዃን ኣብ Google Drive ክተክል ዝኽእል ኢኮሲስተም ይፈጥር። ኣብ ለካቲት 2013፡ ኣብ ጉግል ድራይቭ ዝርከብ "Create" ዝብል ዝርዝር፡ ሳልሳይ ወገን ኣፕሊኬሽናት ንምሕዋስ ተሓዲሱ፡ ብውጽኢታዊ መገዲ ድማ ከም ናይ ጉግል ኣፕሊኬሽናት ተመሳሳሊ ደረጃ ሂብዎም። === ፋይል ምርኣይ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ኣብ ኢንተርነት ዝርከብ Google Drive viewer ነዞም ዝስዕቡ ቅርጽታት ፋይላት ንምርኣይ የኽእል * ተወለድቲ ቅርጽታት (ዶክስ፡ ሸትስ፡ ስላይድ፡ ቅጥዕታት፡ ስእልታት) * ፋይላት ምስሊ ( .JPEG , .PNG , .GIF , .TIFF , .BMP ) . * ቪድዮ ፋይላት ( WebM , .MPEG4 , .3GPP, .MOV, .AVI , .MPEGPS, .WMV , .FLV , .OGG ) . * ቅርጺ ፋይላት ድምጺ ( MP3 , MPEG , WAV , .ogg ) . * ናይ ጽሑፍ ፋይላት (.TXT) * ማርካፕ/ኮድ ( .CSS , .HTML , .PHP , .C , .CPP , .H, .HPP, .JS ) . * ማይክሮሶፍት ወርድ (.DOCን .DOCXን ) . * ማይክሮሶፍት ኤክሰል ( .XLSን .XLSXን ) . * ማይክሮሶፍት ፓወርፖይንት ( .PPTን .PPTXን ) . * ኣዶቤ ተንቀሳቓሲ ሰነድ ቅርጺ ( .PDF ) . * ኣፕል ገጻት (.ገጻት) * ኣዶቤ ኢለስትሬተር (.AI]]) * ኣዶቤ ፎቶሾፕ ( .PSD ) . * ኣውቶዴስክ ኣውቶካድ (.DXF) * ስኬላብል ቬክተር ግራፊክስ ( .SVG ) . * ፖስትስክሪፕት ( .EPS, .PS ) * ቅርጺ ፊደላት ( .TTF ) . * XML ወረቐት ስፔሲፊኬሽን (.XPS) * ዝተጸቕጡ ዓይነታት ፋይላት ማህደር ( .ZIP , .RAR , tar , gzip ) . * .MTS ፋይላት * ቅርጽታት ጥረ ምስሊ ብኻልእ ቅርጺ ዘለዎም ፋይላት ምስ ጉግል ድራይቭ ብዝሰርሑ ሳልሳይ ወገን መተግበሪታት እውን ክስርሑ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ ካብ ክሮም ዌብ ስቶር ዝርከብ ጉግል ድራይቭ፣ ንኣንድሮይድን ኣይኦኤስን ዝተዳለወ ፣ ካልኦት ኣብቲ መሳርሒ ዝተተኽሉ መተግበሪታት ተጠቒሙ ዘይተደገፉ ዓይነታት ፋይላት ክኸፍት ይኽእል።  ብኻልእ ቅርጺ ዘለዎም ፋይላት ብመንገዲ ምስ Google Drive ዝሰርሑን ካብ Chrome Web Store ብዝርከቡን ሳልሳይ ወገን ኣፕሊኬሽናት እውን ክሕዙ ይኽእሉ። ዝተሰቐሉ ግን ከኣ ናብ ቅርጺ Google Docs, Sheets, ወይ Slides ዘይተቐየሩ ፋይላት ክሳብ 5 TB ዝበጽሕ ዓቐን ክህልዎም ይኽእል። ንዓይነት ፋይል ዝምልከት ገደብ እውን ኣሎ። === ገደብ ፋይል [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ዝተሰቕሉ ግን ከኣ ናብ ቅርጺ ጉግል ዶክስ ዘይተቐየሩ ፋይላት ዝለዓለ ጠቕላላ ስፍሓት 5 ቲቢ ክህልዎም ይኽእል። ካብ 5 ቲቢ ንላዕሊ ዝተፈጥሩ ወይ ዝተሰቐሉ ፋይላት ኣብ Google Drive ክረኣዩ ኣይክእሉን።  ዝተሰረቱ ምስልታት ነፍሲ ወከፎም ካብ 2 ሜባ ክበዝሑ የብሎምን። ብተወሳኺ ንዓይነት ፋይል ዝምልከት ደረት ኣለዎ፣ እዚኦም ኣብ ታሕቲ ተዘርዚሮም ኣለዉ፤ ; ሰነዳት። : ቁጽሪ ገጽ ወይ ዓቐን ቅርጺ ብዘየገድስ 1,024,000 ፊደላት። ናብ gdoc ዝተቐየሩ ዝተሰቐሉ ፋይላት ሰነድ ብዓቐን ካብ 50 ሜባ ክዓብዩ ኣይክእሉን እዮም። ; ስፕረድሺትስ : ኩሉ ገደባት ኣብቲ ሓድሽ ስሪት ናይ Google Sheets ተኣልዩ ኣሎ። እቲ ናይ ቀደም ስሪት ኣብ ሓደ ወረቐት እንተበዝሐ 256 ዓምድታት ኣብ ሓደ መጽሓፍ ስራሕ ድማ እንተበዝሐ 200 ወረቓቕቲ ክህልዎ ይኽእል እዩ፣ እዚ ድማ ብድምር ካብ 400,000 ዋህዮታት ዘይበዝሕ እዩ። ናብ Google Sheets ዝተቐየሩ ዝተሰቕሉ ስፕረድሺት ፋይላት ካብ 20 MB ክሓልፉ ዘይክእሉ ኮይኖም ኣብ ሓደ ሸት ትሕቲ 400,000 ዋህዮታትን 256 ዓምድታትን ክህልዎም ኣለዎ። ; ኣቀራርባታት : ብጉግል ስላይድ ዝተፈጥሩ ኣቀራርባታት ክሳብ 100 ሜባ ዝዓቐኑ ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ፤ እዚ ማለት ኣስታት 400 ስላይድ ማለት እዩ። ናይ Google Slides Presentation ፋይላት ናብ .gslides ይቕየሩ። ቅርጺ ስላይድ ካብ 100 ሜባ ክዓቢ ኣይክእልን እዩ። ናብ ቅርጺ Google Slides ዝተቐየሩ ዝተሰቕሉ ናይ ኣቀራርባ ፋይላት ክሳብ 50 ሜባ ዝበጽሕ ዓቐን ክህልዎም ይኽእል። === ድለዩ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ውጽኢት ምድላይ ብዓይነት ፋይል፡ ዋንነት፡ ርኡይነትን ብዝኸፍቶ ኣፕሊኬሽንን ክጸብብ ይኽእል። Google Drive ንቡልያን ኦፕሬተራት ይድግፍ። ተጠቀምቲ Google Glasses ን Optical Character Recognition (OCR) ዝበሃል ቴክኖሎጂን ብምጥቃም፡ ኣብ ውሽጦም ዘሎ ብምግላጽ ወይ ብምስያም ምስልታት ክደልዩ ይኽእሉ። ንኣብነት "ከረን" ዝብል ቃል ምድላይ ኩሉ ብዛዕባ እቲ እምባ ዝምልከት ናይ ጽሑፍ ሰነዳት፡ ከምኡ'ውን ምስልታት ናይ ኩሎም ኣኽራናት ዝሓዘ ውጽኢት ክረክብ እዩ። ናይ ጽሑፍ ሰነዳትን ቀዳሞት 100 ገጻት ጽሑፍ መሰረት ዝገበሩ ፒዲኤፍን ከምኡ’ውን ቀዳሞት 10 ገጻት ምስሊ ዝተመርኮሰ ፒዲኤፍን ምድላይ ይከኣል።  ኣብ ምስልታትን ፒዲኤፍን ዘሎ ጽሑፍ ብቴክኖሎጂ ኦሲኣር ተጠቒምካ ክውሰድ ይከኣል። === ሜታዳታ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ንኽልቲኦም ፋይላትን ኣቃፊራታትን መግለጺ ዓውዲ ኣሎ፣ ተጠቀምቲ ኣገዳሲ ሜታዳታ ንምውሳኽ ክጥቀሙሉ ይኽእሉ ። ኣብቲ መግለጺ ዓውዲ ዘሎ ትሕዝቶ እውን ብጉግል ድራይቭ ኢንዴክስ ተገይሩሉን ክድለ ዝኽእልን እዩ። ኣብዚ እዋን ’ ዚ Google Drive ብመልክዕ መለለዪ ወይ ከም Gmail ወይ Google Keep ዝኣመሰሉ መለለዪታት ሜታዳታ ኣይድግፍን እዩ ። === ተበጻሕነት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ብ25 ሰነ 2014፡ ጉግል፡ ነቲ ኣገልግሎት ንናይ ምርኣይ ጸገም ዘለዎም ተጠቀምቲ ዝያዳ ተበጻሒ ዝኾነ ምዕባለታት ሓዊሱ፡ ሓያሎ ምዕባለታት ኣፍሊጡ። እዚኦም ድማ ምምሕያሽ ተበጻሕነት ኪቦርድ፡ ደገፍ ዙምን ልዑል ንጽጽርን ሞድ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ምስ ስክሪን ሪደር ዝሓሸ ምትእስሳር ዘጠቓልሉ እዮም። ብተወሳኺ፡ Google Drive web interface ንኣቋራጭ ሰሌዳ ቁልፊ ይድግፍ። === ኣብ ጉግል ድራይቭ ኣቐምጦ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ''Google Save to Google Drive'' ዝበሃል ናይ Google Chrome መቐጸልታ ኣቕሪቡ ኣሎ እዚ ድማ ተጠቀምቲ ብመንገዲ browser action ወይ context menu ትሕዝቶ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ናብ Google Drive ክዕቅቡ የኽእሎም ። ሰነዳትን ምስልታትን ብቐጥታ ክቕመጡ እንከለዉ፡ ገጻት መርበብ ሓበሬታ ከም ስእሊ ስክሪን (ከም ምስሊ ናይቲ ዝርአ ክፋል ወይ ምሉእ ገጽ) ወይ ከም ጥረ HTML , MHTML ቅርጺ ወይ Google Docs ፋይል ክቕመጡ ይኽእሉ። ተጠቀምቲ ነቲ ተወሳኺ ንምጥቃም ናብ Chrome ክኣትዉ ኣለዎም። == ሞያዊ ስሪት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ከምኡ ውን ርአ ፡ Google Apps === ንስራሕ ዝኸውን ጉግል ድራይቭ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === Google Drive for Work ኣብ 25 ሰነ 2014 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ዋዕላ Google I/O ዝተገልጸን ብኡንብኡ ናብ ኣገልግሎት ዝኣተወን Google Apps for Work ዝለዓለ ስሪት እዩ። ባህርያት ኣገልግሎት ደረት ኣልቦ መኽዘን፡ ዝተመሓየሸ ጸብጻብ ኦዲት ፋይልን ኣገልግሎታት ኢ-ዲስከቨሪን፡ ከምኡ'ውን እቲ ጉግል "ኣመሓደርቲ ንተመኩሮ ድራይቭ ክጥዕሙ ዘኽእሎም ሓደስቲ ረቂቕ ምቅንጃው ቁጽጽር፡ ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ ሰራሕተኛታት ናይ ዴስክቶፕ ምትእስሳር ዓሚል ከቕውሙ ዝኽእሉ" የጠቓልል። ተጠቀምቲ ክሳብ 5 ቲቢ ዝበጽሕ ስፍሓት ዘለዎም ፋይላት ክሰቕሉ ይኽእሉ። ትሕቲ 5 ተጠቀምቲ ንዘለዎም ኩባንያታት፡ እቲ ናይ ምኽዛን ገደብ ንሓደ ተጠቃሚ 1 ቲቢ ተባሂሉ ተቐሚጡ ኣሎ። ኣብ ወግዓዊ ብሎግ ጉግል ዝተዘርግሐ ጋዜጣዊ መግለጺ፡ ንኩባንያታት ጉግል ኣብ ሰርቨራቱ ዝተዓቀበ ዳታ፡ ከምኡ'ውን ካብን ካብኦምን ዝመሓላለፍ ሓበሬታ ምስጢራዊ ከም ዝገብር ኣረጋጊጹ። ጉግል ንላዕለዎት ተጠቀምቲ ፓኬጅ ናይ 24 ሰዓታት ደገፍ ክህብን 99.9% ናይ ሰርቨራቱ ናይ ስራሕ ግዜ ውሕስነት ክህብን እዩ። === ሕታም ትምህርቲ ጉግል ድራይቭ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === Google Drive Education Edition ብ30 መስከረም 2014 ዕላዊ ኮይኑ። እዚ ንኹሎም ተጠቀምቲ Google Apps for Education ብነጻ ይርከብ። ኣብቲ ፓኬጅ ዝተሓወሶ ደረት ኣልቦ መኽዘንን ንውልቀ ፋይላት ክሳብ 5 ቲቢ ዝበጽሕ ስፍሓት ዘለዎም ደገፍን የጠቓልል። == ዋንነትን ፍቓድን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ጉግል ንኹሎም ፍርያቱ ሓደ ስብስብ ውዕላት ኣገልግሎትን ፖሊሲታት ብሕታዊነትን ኣለዎ። ብመሰረት CNET ፡ ዘይከም ተወዳደርቲ ኣገልግሎታት ድሮፕቦክስን ዋንድራይቭን ፡ ጉግል ብፍቓድ ተጠቀምቱ ኣብ ጉግል ድራይቭ ዝተዓቀቡ ትሕዝቶታት ናይ ምብዛሕ፡ ምጥቃምን ምፍጣርን ሰፊሕ መሰል ኣለዎ።  እዚ ፍቓድ እዚ ተጠቃሚ ነቲ ንብረት ምስ ኣውጽኦ ንዘልኣለም ይጸንሕ። እቲ ተጠቃሚ መሰል ኣእምሮኣዊ ንብረት ዝጥቀም እኳ እንተኾነ፡ እቲ ተጠቃሚ ንጉግል ነቲ ዝተሰቐለ ትሕዝቶ ከውጽእን ክትንትንን፡ ነቲ ኣገልግሎት ንምልላይን ፍቓድ ይህቦ፡ ምእንቲ ነቲ ጉግል ንተጠቃሚ ዝህቦ መወዓውዒን ካልእ ኣገልግሎታትን ብዝጥዕሞ መንገዲ ንምምዕርራይ። ጉግል ንዝተሰቕሉ ፋይላት ዝህቦ ሰፊሕ ፍቓድ፡ ምምሕያሽ ተጠቃምነት እውን የፍቅድ፡ ከም ንዝተፈላለዩ ኣጠቓቕማታት ዝያዳ ዝምችኡ ዝተሰቐሉ ትሕዝቶታት ዝተመሓየሹ ስሪት ምፍጣር። ንኣብነት፡ ጉግል ንዝተሰቕለ ቪድዮ ካብቲ ኦሪጅናል ንላዕሊ ኣብ ኢድ ኮምፒተር ወይ ኣብ ፍሉይ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ንምርኣይ ዝያዳ ዝምችእ ቅርጽታት ይቕይሮ። ካብ ዘ ቨርጅ ዝወጸ ጸብጻብ ግን፡ ቃላት ጉግል ምስ ናይ መወዳድርቱ ብመጠኑ ዝወዳደር ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ገለ ኣጋጣሚታት ድማ ቁሩብ ዝሓሸ ምዃኑ ይሕብር። == ዕብየት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ጉግል ብ12 ሕዳር 2013፡ ጉግል ድራይቭ 120 ሚልዮን ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ ከምዘለውዎ ኣፍሊጡ፡ እዚ ኣሃዝ እቲ ኩባንያ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ዘውጽኦ እዩ። ኣብቲ ብዕለት 25 ሰነ 2014 ዝተኻየደ ናይ Google I/O developer conference , Sundar Pichai ከም ዝጸብጸቦ፡ Google Drive ሕጂ 190 ሚልዮን ወርሓዊ ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ ከም ዘለዉዎን፡ እዚ ድማ 58% ካብተን ፎርቹን 500 ዝኾና ኩባንያታት ዝጥቀማሉን እተን ላዕለዎት 72 ኩባንያታት ድማ ዩኒቨርሲቲታት እየን።  ብ1 ጥቅምቲ 2014 ኣብ መደብ ኣትሞስፊየር ላይቭ፡ ጉግል ድራይቭ ወርሓዊ 240 ሚልዮን ንጡፋት ተጠቀምቲ ከም ዘለዎም ተገሊጹ። እዚ ኣብ ሓደ ርብዒ ጥራይ ብ50 ሚልዮን ተጠቀምቲ ከምዝወሰኸ ኔክስት ዌብ ኣመልኪቱ። ብ21 መስከረም 2015፡ ጉግል ድራይቭ ልዕሊ ሓደ ሚልዮን ናይ ትካላት ዝኸፍሉ ተጠቀምቲ ከም ዘለዎም ተገሊጹ። == ናይ ደገ መላግቦታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * ጉግል ድራይቭ * Google Docs Archived 14 ለካቲት 2012 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን . * ወግዓዊ ብሎግ ጉግል ዶክስ 16 ጥሪ 2010 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ተዓቂቡ . ዓሰርተ ብሎገራት * ቶኒክ ሲስተምስ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ገጽ * ገለ ኣብነታት ናይቲ Google Docs ብኸመይ ከም ዝጥቀመሉ Archived 6 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine . * ቪድዮ፡ ምትሕብባር ኣብ Google Docs ዝተመዝገበ 9 ለካቲት 2010 ኣብ Wayback Machine . * ቅዲ ጽሑፍ ጂሜይል ኣብ 10 ነሓሰ 2011 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ተዓቂቡ . == መወከሲታት == c6f39be0ikuy3dgvy28fo924bxfmd5b 0 6282 24746 2024-03-31T14:31:05Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |ትርኢት ናይ ሓደ መስቀላዊ መንገዲ ኣብ ማንቸስተር , ዓዲ እንግሊዝ , ካብ ት...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |ትርኢት ናይ ሓደ መስቀላዊ መንገዲ ኣብ ማንቸስተር , ዓዲ እንግሊዝ , ካብ ትሽዓተ ዝተፈላለየ ኩርናዓት። |- !ፈለማ ዝተሓትመ |ግንቦት 25, 2007 (ቅድሚ 16 ዓመት ) |- !ናይ ሕጂ ስሪት። |188 ( ''ዝርዝር'' ) / 31 መጋቢት 2016 (ቅድሚ 7 ዓመት ) |- !ተበጻሕነት ምዃኑ’ዩ። |ብዙሕ ቋንቋታት ዝዛረብ |- !ወግዓዊ መርበብ ሓበሬታ |<nowiki>https://www.google.com/ስትሪትቪው/</nowiki> |} '''ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ምስ ቴክኖሎጂታት''' ጉግል ማፕን ጉግል ኤርዝን ዝተዋሃሃደ ኣብ ጎደናታት ብዙሓት ህዝባዊ ቦታታት ዓለም ፓኖራማዊ ምስልታት ምርኣይ ዘኽእል ኣገልግሎት ቴክኖሎጂ ዝተዋህቦ ስም እዩ ። ኣብ 2007 ኣብ ዝተፈላለያ ከተማታት USA ዝጀመረ ኮይኑ፡ ካብኡ ንደሓር ኣብ መላእ ዓለም፡ ገጠራት ሓዊሱ ብቐጻሊ እናዓበየ ይመጽእ ኣሎ። ኣብ ጉግል ማፕስ ብስትሪት ቪው ዝረኣዩ ከባቢታት ብሰማያዊ መስመራት ይምልከቱ። ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ዝተሳእሉ ስእልታት ብምውህሃድ ፓኖራማ ምስልታት ይረክብ ። ተሽከርከርቲ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ንስእሊ ዝውዕላ እኳ እንተኾና፡ ተሽከርከርቲ ክኣትዋ ኣብ ዘይክእላ ከባቢታት ምስሊ ምውሳድ ብእግረኛ ተጓዓዝቲ ፡ ብትራይሳይክል ፡ ብእግሪ፡ ብጀላቡ፡ ብስኖሞባይል፡ ኣግማልን ኣብ ትሕቲ ማይ ዝርከቡ መሳርሒታትን እዩ ዝግበር። ብተወሳኺ ብውልቂ ብመንገዲ ስማርትፎን ኣፕሊኬሽናት ወይ ብርሃን ግሎብ ኣፕሊኬሽናት ኣብ ስማርትፎናት ክትረኽቦን ናብ ጉግል ማፕስ ክሰጋገርን ይኽእል ። == ታሪኽን ባህርያትን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ፕሮጀክት ስትሪት ቪው መበገሲኡ ካብቲ ኣብ 2001 ዝጀመረን ብጉግል ዝምወልን ፕሮጀክት ስታንፎርድ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ስታንፎርድ ሲቲብሎክ እዩ። እዚ ፕሮጀክት ኣብ ሰነ 2006 ተዛዚሙ እቲ ውጽኢት ዝኾነ ቴክኖሎጂ ኣብ ስትሪት ቪው ተሓዊሱ። * 2007፡ ኣብ ኣሜሪካ ብ25 ግንቦት ቴክኖሎጂ ኢመርሲቭ ሚድያ ተጠቒሙ ተጀሚሩ። * 2008፡ ኣብ ወርሒ ግንቦት፡ ጉግል ካብ ከተማ ማንሃታን ኣብ ዝረኽቦ ትርኢት ጎደናታት ገጽ ንምድብዛዝ ዝሕግዝ ቴክኖሎጂ ከም ዘማዕበለን ከተግብር ከም ዝጀመረን ኣፍሊጡ ።  እዚ ቴክኖሎጂ ኣብ ዳታቤዝ ምስሊ ጉግል ኣብ ዝርከቡ ምስልታት ገጻትን ታርጋን ንምልላይ ብኮምፒተር ኣልጎሪዝም ብምጥቃም ነቲ ዝረኽቦ ምስልታት የደብዝዞ።  ስትሪት ቪው ኣብ ስሪት 4.3 ናይ ጉግል ኤርዝ ኣፕሊኬሽንን ሳልሳይ ወገን S60 መድረኽ ናይ ኣፕል ኣይፎን ካርታታት ኣፕሊኬሽንን ተኻቲቱ ኣሎ ። ኣብ ወርሒ ሕዳር "pegman" ተኣታትዩ። እቲ ኣብ ኩርናዕ ናይቲ ስክሪን ብመልክዕ ንእሽቶ ብጫ ሰብ ዝረአ ምልክት፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ እቲ ኣብ ካርታታት ዘሎ ሰማያዊ መስመር ዘለዎ ስትሪት ቪው፡ ማውስ ብምሓዝ ምስ ዝሕንበብ፡ ምስልታት ስትሪት ቪው ኣብቲ ስክሪን ይረኣዩ። * 2009፡ ምሉእ ስክሪን ዝብል ኣማራጺ ተኣታትዩ። ሳላ Smart Navigation ተጠቀምቲ ኣብቲ ክጥምትዎ ዝደልዩ ቦታ መመልከቲኦም ብምቕማጥን ድርብ ጠውቂ ብምግባርን ፓኖራማ ናቪጌሽን ክኸፍቱ ይኽእሉ። * 2010፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ገዛ ዝርአ ትርኢት ትካላት ንግዲ ተወሰኸ።  ጉግል ኣብ መሳርሒታቶም ዝርከቡ ተጠቀምቲ ኣንድሮይድ ጀሊ ቢን (ኣንድሮይድ 4.2) ምስ መሳርሒታቶም ፓኖራማ ምስሊ ክወስዱን ምስቲ ኣፕሊኬሽን ኣወሃሂዶም ኣብ ጉግል ማፕስ ከቕርቡን ኣፍቂዱ ። እቲ ኩባንያ፡ እዞም ዝተቐድሑ ምስልታት ኣቀማምጣኦም ዘጉልሕ ፍሉይ መርበብ ሓበሬታ እውን ፈጢሩ ኣሎ። * 2013፡ ውሽጣዊ ትርኢት ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታት ዝረኽበሉ ከባቢታት ከም ንኣሽቱ ኣራንሺ ዓንኬላት ክቐርቡ ጀሚሮም። ከምዚኦም ዝበሉ ትካላት ንግዲ፣ መሳለጥያታትን ካፈታትን ነቶም ውሽጣዊ ፓኖራማዊ ምስሊ ንኽወስዱ ውዕል ዝኣተዉ ሰኣልቲ ተወሳኺ ናይ ንግዲ ሶፍትዌር ይህቡ ነይሮም ።  ጉግል ኣብ ጉግል ማፕስ ኣበርክቶ ንምግባር፡ ብእግሪ ዝሰርሑ ተንቀሳቐስቲ ስትሪት ቪው ትረከርስ፡ ብፓኖራሚክ ምስሊ መሳርሒታት ዝተዓጠቑ ቦርሳታት ኣብ ዝተለቅሑ ቦርሳታት ኣብ ተሽከርከርቲ ክበጽሖም ኣብ ዘይክእል ቦታታት ክሰርሕ ጀሚሩ። * 2014፡ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ እዋን ዝተወሰደ ናይ ተመሳሳሊ ከባቢ ትርኢት ጎደናታት እንተሃልዩ፡ እዚ ታሪኽ ብሶፍትዌር ክረአ ጀሚሩ። * 2015፡ ኣብ መንጎ ስትሪት ቪውን ትካል ምክትታል ከባቢ ኣክሊማን ሽርክነት ከምዝተገብረ ተገሊጹ። ኣብተን ምስሊ ዝህባ መካይን፡ ናይትሮጅን ዳይኦክሳይድ፡ ኦዞንን ንጥረ ነገራት ብከላን ንምፍላጥ ሴንሰራት ተወሰኹ።  ኣብ ወርሒ ጥቅምቲ ፡ ብደገፍ ጉግል ካርድቦርድ ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ብ360 ዲግሪ ቨርቹዋል ሪኣሊቲ ርእይቶታት ክዕዘቡ ተፈቒዱሎም ። == መተግበሪ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ስትሪት ቪው ከም ልሙድ ዌብ ኣፕሊኬሽን ኮይኑ ንጉግል ማፕስ ዝበሃል ክፍሊ ተጠቒሙን ከም ሞባይል ኣፕሊኬሽን ንኣንድሮይድን ኣይኦኤስን ሞባይል ኦፐሬቲንግ ሲስተማትን ይርከብ ። ይኹን እምበር ኣብ መጀመርታ ኣብ ጉግል ማፕስ ን ስትሪት ቪው ዝተዋሃሃደ ኣዶብ ፍላሽ ምጥቃም ይከኣል ነይሩ ።  ጉግል ማፕስ ኣብ 2013 ተሓዲሱን ተሓዲሱን። ኣብዚ ሓድሽ ስሪት ጃቫስክሪፕት ከም መተግበሪ ፕሮግራሚንግ መተሓላለፊ ክጥቀመሉ ጀሚሩ ።  ጉግል ማፕስን ስትሪት ቪውን ካብቲ ናይ ቀደም ስሪት ቁሩብ ዝሓሰረ እዩ።  ይኹን እምበር ተጠቀምቲ እንተደልዮም ናብቲ ዝኣረገ ስሪት ክቕይሩ ይኽእሉ። == ዳታ ምሓዝ መሳርሒታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * ካሜራታት፡- እተን ስእሊ ስትሪት ቪው ዝቐርጻ ካሜራታት፡ ንሓያሎ ወለዶታት ኣብ ውሽጢ ቤት ዝሰርሓ እየን።  እተን ካሜራታት ዝኾነ መካኒካዊ ክፋላት የብለንን፣ እንተላይ እቲ ሻተር ሪሊዝ . ኣብ ክንድኡ ኣብ ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ ስፓይራል ስትራክቸር ዝርከቡ ሲኤምኦኤስ ሴንሰራት ኣብቲ ስርዓት ይጥቀሙ። ልሙዳት ዝጥቀሙሉ ስሪት ድማ፤ ** R2: እቶም ቀዳሞት ስእልታት ብ11- ሜጋፒክሰል CCD ሴንሰራት ምስ ሰፊሕ ኩርናዕ ሌንስ ኣብ ንግዳዊ ስእሊ ዝጥቀሙ እዮም ዝተሳእሉ እዮም ። ** R5: ብፍሉይ ዝተሰርሑ ሌንሳት ምስ ሸሞንተ 5 ሜጋፒክሰል CMOS ሴንሰራት ትሑት ብርሃን ዘለዎም ንላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ምስሊ ህንጻታት ንምቕራጽ ተጠቒሞም። ** R7: ልክዕ ከም R5 ሴንሰራት 15 ተጠቒሞም ግን ዓይኒ ዓሳ ዘይብሎም። * ኣቀማምጣ፦ እቶም ዝተቐድሑ ስእልታት ምስ ፍጹም ትኽክለኛነት ዝተኣሳሰሩ ክኾኑ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ እዩ። ስለዚ ኣብ ዝተወሰዱ ምስልታት ግሎባል ፖዚሽኒንግ ሲስተም (GPS)፣ ተሽከርካሪ ፍጥነት ሴንሰር (VSS)ን ኢነርሽያል ናቪጌሽን ሲስተም ሴንሰር ዳታን ይጥቀሙ። * ብኣፍራዪ ሴንሰር ሲክ ኤጂ ዝተሰርሑ ሌዘር ሬንጅ ስካነራት ኣብ ቅድሚ እታ ተሽከርካሪት 50 ሜትሮ ብ180° ስካን ክገብሩ ይኽእሉ።  እዚኦም ድማ ብዛዕባ ጭቡጥ መለክዒታት ናይቶም ቦታታት ዳታ ንምምዝጋብ ተጠቒሞም። * ተሽከርከርቲ፦ ዳታ መዝገብ መሳርሕታትን መሳርሕታትን መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣብ ናሕሲ መካይን ይስቀላ። ትራይክስ (ሰለስተ ጎማ ዘለወን ብሽክለታታት) ዝበሃላ ብሽክለታታት እውን ኣብ ከም ስቶንሄንጅን መንገድታት እግረኛታትን ዝኣመሰሉ ቅርስታት ዓለም ዩኔስኮ ኣብ ዝርከቡ መሳርሕታትን መካይንን ምስሊ ይካተታ ። ኣብ 2010 ክረምታዊ ኦሎምፒክ ዝተኻየደሎም ከባቢታት ምስሊ ንምርካብ ዝተጠቕመሉ መሳርሒታት ኣብተን ናይ በረድ መካይን ተወሰኸ ።  ኣብ ዓረብያ ዝተጻዕኑ መሳርሒታት ንውሽጢ ቤተ መዘክር ንምርኣይ ይጥቀሙ ነበሩ፣ ኣብ ቦርሳታት ዝተጻዕኑ መሳርሒታት ንጸበብቲ ካናላት ቬኒስ ንምርኣይ ይጥቀሙ ነበሩ፣ ጀላቡ ድማ ንኻልኦት ካናላትን ከም ቦስፎረስ ዝኣመሰሉ ቦታታትን ንምርኣይ ይጥቀሙ ነበሩ ። == ፔግማን [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == እታ ንእሽቶ ብጫን ቅርጺ ሰብን ዘለዋ ፔግማን እትበሃል ምልክት፡ ኣብ ዘይትጥቀመሉ እዋን ምስቲ ኣብ ጉግል ማፕስ ዝርከብ ናይ ምግፋሕን ምንካይን ተግባራት ጎኒ ንጎኒ ትርከብ። == ስክፍታታት ብሕታዊነት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ስክፍታታት ብሕታዊነት Google Street View ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ብመንገዲ ፕሮግራም ኮምፒተር ኣብ ዝረኽብዎ ምስልታት ንዘሎ ​​ታርጋን ገጻትን ብኣውቶማቲክ የደብዝዞ። እንተኾነ ግን ናይ ሓደ ሰብ ገጽ ወይ ታርጋ ዘይተደባለለ እንተተረኺቡ፡ እቲ መስርሕ ምድብዛዝ ብተጠቀምቲ ብዝገበርዎ መፍለጢ እዩ ዝፍጸም።  ተጣበቕቲ ብሕታዊነት፡ ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ኣብ ህዝባዊ ቦታታት፡ ከም ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ስትሪፕ ክለባት፡ ክሊኒካት ምንጻል ጥንሲን ጸሓይ ዝሕጸቡ ቢኪኒን ዝኣመሰሉ፡ ዝረአ ንብረት ብግልጺ ናይ ምርኣይ ዓቕሙ ተቓዊሞሞ ኣለዉ።  ካልእ ጸገም ኣብ ጃፓን  ን ስዊዘርላንድን  ካሜራታት ኣብ ልዕሊ ተሽከርከርቲ ኣዝየን ልዕል ኢለን ስለዘለዋ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ገዛውቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓጹር ገዛውቲ ክርእዩ የኽእላ። በዚ መሰረት ጉግል ነተን ካሜራታት ካብ ቁመት ሓጹር ከይሓልፋ ዳግማይ ኣሰናዲእወን። ብተወሳኺ ጉግል፡ ኣብ ምስልታት ባንዴራታት ብምውሳኽ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ ምስልታት መጠንቀቕታታት ክውስኹ ብምፍቃድ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብኡ መሰረት ዘይግቡእ ምስልታት ክእለዩሉ ዝኽእሉ ናይ ጥርዓን ኣገባብ ብምፍጣር፡ ዘይግቡእ ምስልታት ካብቲ ስርዓት ንምእላይ ዝገብሮ ጻዕሪ ይቕጽል።  ፖሊስ ስኮትላንድ ኣብ 2012 ብዛዕባ ሓደ ሰብ ናይ ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው መኪና ክትመጽእ ርእዩ ከም ዋዛ ናይ ቅትለት ሰልፊ ዘካየደ ጸብጻባት ምስ በጽሖ፡ ንፖሊስ ዘየድሊ ስራሕ ከም ዝሰርሕ ገይርዎም፡ እቲ ዋዛ ዝፈጸመ ወናኒ ትካል ግን ድሒሩ ንፖሊስ ይቕሬታ ​​ሓቲቱ ከምኡ’ውን ጉግል።  ኣብ ግንቦት 2010፡ ስትሪት ቪው ካብ ዘይተመሰጠረ ዋይ-ፋይ ርክባት ዳታ ይእክብን ይዕቅብን ከም ዝነበረ ተገሊጹ።  ሰበስልጣን ጀርመን ኣብዚ መዳይ ኣድላዪ ስጉምቲ ንኸይውሰድ ዝከኣሎም ክገብሩ ምዃኖም ገሊጾም። ፖሊስ ኦስትርያ እውን ነዚ ጉዳይ ክምርምሩ መምርሒ ተዋሂብዎም ኣሎ። ስክፍታታት ብሕታዊነት፡ ኣገልግሎት ጉግል ኣብ ዝተወሰና ሃገራት ክቋረጽ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ ኣሎ። * ኣውስትራልያ፡ ኣብ 2010፡ ሰበስልጣን ኣውስትራልያ መርመራኦም ምስ ወድኡ፡ ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ስርሑ ኣቋሪጹ።  ይኹን እምበር፡ እዚ ምእጋድ እዚ፡ ጉግል ብ4 ግንቦት 2011 ስርሑ ከም ዝቕጽል ምስ ኣፍለጠ እዩ ተዛዚሙ።  ካብ 27 ሓምለ 2011 ጀሚሩ፡ ንገለ ከተማታትን ከተማታትን ኣውስትራልያ ዝተመሓየሹ ምስልታት ስትሪት ቪው ተወሰኹ። * ጀርመን፡ ኣብ 2011 ጉግል ንጀርመን ዝኸውን ስትሪት ቪው ምርኣይ ኣቋሪጹ። * ህንዲ፡ ኣብ 2011፡ ሰበስልጣን ጉግል ካብ ሰበስልጣን እቲ ከባቢ ደብዳቤታት ምስ በጽሖም፡ ኣብ ህንዲ ምቕራጽ ኣቋሪጾም። * ካናዳ : ኣብ መስከረም 2007 መንግስቲ ካናዳ ኣብ ሞንትርያል ንዝርከባ ተሽከርከርቲ ስትሪት ቪው ንዝተወሰነ ግዜ ደው ኣቢልወን፣ ኣብቲ ሕጊ ናይ ብሕትውና ስልጣን ክውሰኽ ድዩ ኣይውሰኽን ንምውሳን። == ምስሊ ብሳልሳይ ወገን ምጥቃም [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ሰኣልቲ ስነ-ጥበብ ኣብ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም ስራሕ ንኽጥቀሙሉ ምስልታት መሪጾም።  ኣብዞም ዝተመርጹ ስእልታት ዝርከቡ ሕብርታት ድብዝዝ ዝበለ ፒክሰላት ዘለዎምን ብኣረኣእያ ዝተዛብዑን እኳ እንተኾኑ፡ ናብ መጽሓፍ ተጠርኒፎም ኣብ ስነ-ጥበባዊ ቤተ-መዘክር ተሓቲሞም።  ማይክል ዎልፍ ኣብ 2011 ኣብ ክፍሊ መዓልታዊ ህይወት ናይ ዓለማዊ ፕረስ ፎቶ ውድድር ብገለ ካብቲ ምስ ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ዝሰርሖ ስራሕ ክብሪ ረኺቡ ።  ሚሽካ ሄነር ኣብቲ ኣብ ሕዳር 2012 ዝተኻየደ ሓጺር ዝርዝር ናይቲ ኣብ ሕዳር 2012 ዝተኻየደ ሽልማት ስእሊ ዶቸ ቦርሰ 2013 ተኻቲታ፣ ምስቲ ኣብ ገጠራት ኣብ ወሰን ጽርግያ ንዝርከቡ ደረቕ ሰራሕተኛታት ንምስኣል ዝሰርሓቶ ተኸታታሊት ፊልም ''ኖ ማንስ ላንድ ።'' ሽወደናዊ ፕሮግራመር ኣንቶን ዋለን ኣብ Google Street View ዝርከቡ ተጠቀምቲ ኣቀማምጣኦም ኣብ ምግማት ዝተመርኮሰ GeoGuessr ዝበሃል ጸወታ ኣዳልዩ ። == ሽፋን [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ሽፋን ጉግል ስትሪት ቪው ኣብ ሰነ 2012፡ ጉግል፡ 5 ሚልዮን ማይልስ ጽርግያታት፡ 39 ሃገራትን ኣስታት 3000 ከተማታትን ዝሽፍን ስእልታት ዝሓዘ 20 ፔታባይት ስትሪት ቪው ዳታ ከም ዝረኸበ ኣፍሊጡ።  እዞም ምስልታት ካብ ካምብሪጅ ቤይ ፡ ኑናቩት ክሳብ ደሴት ሃፍ ሙንን ደሴታት ሳውዝ ሸትላንድን ዝበጽሑ እዮም ።  እቶም ካርታታት ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ትሕቲ ማይ ዝርከብ ፓኖራማዊ ትርኢት ኣብ ምዕራብ ኑሳ ተንጋራ ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ግራንድ ካንዮን ዝርከቡ ቤተ መዘክርን ኣብ ሕቡራት ኢማራት ዓረብ ዝርከብ ዑደት ኣግማልን የጠቓልሉ።  ብተወሳኺ ፡ ኩምቡ ፡ ኔፓል ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ኣኽራናት ኤቨረስት ፡ ብተቐባሊ ኣኽራን ኣፓ ሸርፓ ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብኡ ብማሕበረሰብ ሸርፓ ዝርከባ ገዳማትን ኣብያተ ትምህርትን’ውን ኣብቲ ፕሮጀክት ተኻቲተን እየን። ካብቲ ብ9 መስከረም 2014 ዝወጸ፡ ጉግል ንግብጽን ከም ጊዛ ኔክሮፖሊስ ፡ ካይሮ ሲታደል ፡ ሳቃራ ፡ ገዳም ቅድስቲ ሚና ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ዕርዲ ቃይትባይ ዝኣመሰሉ መርበባትን እውን ኣካቲቱ ኣሎ። ኣብ ብዙሕ ቦታታት ገና ድሩት ወይ ፈጺሙ ሽፋን የለን፤ * ካሪብያን (ግን ንማርቲኒክ ዘየጠቓልል : ገለ መዳረግቲ በጻሕቲ ከም Boucle d'Absalon, Habitation Clément, and Sainte-Anne ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምዕራብ ገማግም ባሕሪ) * ማእከላይ ኣመሪካ * ኣብ ደቡብ ኣሜሪካ ፡ ኣርጀንቲና ፡ ብራዚል ፡ ቺለ ፡ ኮሎምብያን ፔሩን ከይሓወሰ​​​ * ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ ፣ ብዘይካ ገለ ከተማታት ኣብ ቦትስዋና ፣ ሌሶቶ ፣ ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ ፣ ኤስዋቲኒ ፣ ኡጋንዳ ፣ ማዳጋስካርን ናይጀርያን * ኣብ ኤውሮጳ ፣ ኣልባንያ ፣ ኩለን ዞባታት ቤላሩስ ብዘይካ ርእሰ ከተማ ቦዝንያን ሄርዘጎቪናን ፣ ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዝነብረለን ከባቢታት ጀርመን ፣ ኮሶቮ ፣ ሊክተንሽታይን ፣ ሞልዶቫን ሞንተነግሮን * ኣብ ኤስያ ፣ ቡታን ፣ ሓደ ክፋል ማሌዥያ ፣ ክልተ ኣውራጃታት ቱርኪ ( ሽርናክን ሃካሪን የለዋን)፣ ገለ ክፋላት ባንግላድሽ ፣ ሓደ ክፋል ኢንዶነዥያ ፣ ላኦስ ፣ ርሑቕ ምብራቓዊ ዞባታት ሩስያ ፣ ሚያንማር ፣ ኔፓል ፣ ቻይና .ብዘይካ... ገለ ህንጻታት ኣብ ፓኪስታን ፣ ኣፍጋኒስታን ፣ ኣዘርባጃን ፣ ጆርጅያ ፣ ደቡብ ኮርያ ፣ ሞንጎልያ ፣ ገለ ክፋላት ቬትናም ፣ ገለ ደሴታት ፊሊፒንስ ፣ ገለ ሰፈራታት ድማ ኣብ ህንዲ * ካልኦት ሃገራት ማእከላይ ኤስያ ብዘይካ ኪርጊስታን ። * ካልኦት ቦታታት ማእከላይ ምብራቕ ብዘይካ እስራኤል ፣ ዮርዳኖስን ሕቡራት ኢማራት ዓረብን ። * ካልኦት ቦታታት ደቡባዊ ፓስፊክ ብዘይካ ኣውስትራልያን ኒውዚላንድን 3t94g4434dzal5ay559e233qgk8mzbw 0 6283 24747 2024-03-31T14:32:53Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = Google Earth ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ኮርዲኔት : 36°6′59.6′′N 5°21′5.2′′W ( ካርታ ) ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+Google Earth ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" | |- !መማዕበሊ(ታት) |ጉግል |- !ፈለ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = Google Earth ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ኮርዲኔት : 36°6′59.6′′N 5°21′5.2′′W ( ካርታ ) ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+Google Earth ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" | |- !መማዕበሊ(ታት) |ጉግል |- !ፈለማ ዝተሓትመ |11 ሰነ 2001 (ቅድሚ 22 ዓመት ) |- !ናይ ሕጂ ስሪት። |9.3.105.0 |- !ኦኤስ |ዊንዶውስ ፣ ማክ ኦኤስ ኤክስ ፣ ሊኑክስ ፣ ኣንድሮይድ ፣ ኣይኦኤስ |- !ፍቓድ |ዋንነት ዘለዎ ሶፍትዌር , ነጻ |- !ወግዓዊ መርበብ ሓበሬታ |www.google.com/earth ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |} '''Google Earth ብ''' Keyhole ዝተባህለ ኩባንያ ዝተዳለወ ናይ ኮምፒተር ሶፍትዌር ኮይኑ፡ ብ Google Labs ዝተዓደገ ኮይኑ ፡ ካብ ሳተላይታት መሬት ዝተወስደ ዝተፈላለየ ርዝነት ዘለዎ ስእልታት ይርአ ። ዝርዝር ምስልታት ገለ ጽዑቕ ህዝቢ ዘለዎ ከባቢታት ኣብ ኢንተርነት ኣብ ዘሎ ገጽ ብምብጻሕን ነቲ ዝወረደ ሶፍትዌር ኣብ ኮምፒተር ብምትካልን ክምርመር ይከኣል ። ኣብ ሓምለ 2005 ዳርጋ ናይ መላእ ኣሜሪካ ብተዛማዲ ልዑል ርዝነት ዘለዎም ስእልታት ጥራይ ክረኽቡ እንከለዉ፡ ክሳብ ሰነ 2006 ግን ዝርዝር ምስልታት መብዛሕትአን ከተማታት ዓለም ይርከብ። ኣብቲ ሶፍትዌር ኣብቲ ኮርዲኔታቱ ዝተዋህበ ነጥቢ ምብጻሕ ይከኣል። እቲ ሶፍትዌር ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ ዝተኣወጀሉ እዋን፡ ምስጢራዊ ኣገልግሎት ሩስያ ፡ እዚ ኣገልግሎት ነቶም ግብረሽበራዊ መጥቃዕቲ ዝሓስቡ ሰባት ምቹእ ክኸውን እዩ ብምባል፡ እቲ ኣገልግሎት ደው ክብል ጠሊቡ። ይኹን እምበር ተመሳሳሊ ሳተላይት ስእልታት ብውሑድ ክፍሊት ኣብ ኢንተርነት ይሽየጥ ምንባሩ ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው እቲ ጉዳይ ብዝምልከቶ ቤት ፍርዲ ተነፂጉ። ብተወሳኺ፡ ንጸጥታዊ ምኽንያት፡ ጉግል ኣብ ክንዲ ናይ ሎሚ ምስልታት፡ ቅድሚ ሒደት ዓመታት ዝነበረ ምስልታት ጥራይ እዩ ኣካፊሉ። == Google Earth Pro  [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == Google Earth Pro ኣብ ልዕሊ እቲ ዘደንቕ ተግባር Google Earth ዝተሃንጹ ዝያዳ ሓያላት መሳርሒታት ዝሓዘ እዩ። እቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ዝኽፈል ዝነበረ ሶፍትዌር ኣብ ለካቲት 2015 ነጻ ኮይኑ። ገለ ካብቶም ኣዝዮም ሰሓብቲ ባህርያት ጉግል ኤርዝ ፕሮ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ክዝርዘሩ ይኽእሉ፤ * ምዕቡል መለክዒታት፡- ንመዕቀኒ መካይን ወይ ምምሕያሽ መሬት ብመዐቀኒ ስፍሓት ፖሊጎን ተጠቒምካ ምዕቃን፡ ወይ ድማ መለክዒ ዓንኬል ብምጥቃም ዝተጸልወ ራድዩስ ምውሳን። * ልዑል ርዝነት ዘለዎ ሕትመት፦ ምስልታት ክሳብ 4800x3200 ፒክሰል ብዝኾነ ርዝነት ክትሕትም ትኽእል ኢኻ። * ብሕታዊ ፕሮ ዳታ ሌየርስ፡ ዲሞግራፊ፡ ፓርሰላትን ቁጽሪ ትራፊክን። * ስፕረድሺት ምእታው፦ ክሳብ 2,500 ኣድራሻታት ብሓንሳብ ብምእታው ዕልባታትን ቅዲ ቅጥዕታትን ብጅምላ ክትምድብ ትኽእል ኢኻ። * ጂኦግራፊያዊ ስርዓተ ሓበሬታ ምእታው: ESRI shapefile (.shp)ን MapInfo (.tab) ፋይላትን ኣብ ኣእምሮኻ ርአ። * Movie-Maker : ክሳብ 1920x1080 ርዝነት ዘለዎም ፊልምታት ዊንዶውስ ሚድያን ኲክታይም ኤችዲን ናብ ወጻኢ ምልኣኽ። == Google Sky  [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ንሱ ድማ ጠፈር ንምርኣይ ዘኽእል ሓድሽ ኣገልግሎት ጉግል ኤርዝ እዩ። እቲ ተጠቃሚ ኣብ ጠፈር ክጓዓዝ፡ ከዋኽብቲ ፡ ኔቡላታት ፡ ጋላክሲታት ክዕዘብን መንገድታት ፕላኔታት ክኽተልን ይኽእል። ብተወሳኺ ከዋኽብትን ፕላኔታትን ምስ ግዜ ዝሓልፍዎ ምዕራፋት ክርአ ይከኣል። == ባህርያት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == Google Earth ብዙሕ ፍሉይነታት ሒዙ ይመጽእ እዩ። እቶም ቀንዲ ድማ፤ * ንከዋኽብቲ ፡ ማርስን ወርሕን ናይ ምብጻሕ ክእለት ፣ * ብታሪኻዊ ምስልታት ለውጢ ምርኣይ ምኽኣል፣ * ናብ ታሕተዋይ ክፋል ውቅያኖስ ናይ ምጥላቕ ክእለት፣ . * ዑደታት ናይ ምምዝጋብ ክእለት፣ * ኣኽራናትን ጎቦታትን ብሰለስተ ሸነኻት ምርኣይ ምኽኣል፣ * ኣብቲ ናይ ምድላይ ባር ብምጽሓፍ ናብ ዝተወሰኑ ቦታታት ብቕልጡፍ ናይ ምኻድ ክእለት፣ * ናይ ውሽጢ ዓዲ ትካላት ንግዲ ናይ ምርካብ ዓቕሚ፣ * 3D ህንጻታት፣ * ንጣብ ካርታታት፣ . * ዕልባት ናይ ምምዳብ ክእለት፣ . * ናይ በረራ ስሚዩለተር፣ . * ጎደናታት ብንጹር ናይ ምርኣይ ክእለት። == ናይ ስርዓት ጠለባት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ብጉግል ኤርዝ ዝተሓትሙ ናይ ስርዓት ጠለባት ኣብዚ ኣብ ታሕቲ ዘሎ ሰሌዳ ተዋሂቦም ኣለዉ። {| class="wikitable" !መለለዩ !ዝነኣሰ !ዝቐረበ ሓሳብ |- !ንድፊ |ማይክሮሶፍት ዊንዶውስ 2000 ወይ ኤክስፒ |ማይክሮሶፍት ዊንዶውስ ኤክስፒ፡ ቪስታ <small>(7 ኣብ 6.0.1.2032)</small> 32-ቢት፡ ዊን7 (32-64 ቢት) |- !ፕሮሰሰር |ፔንቲየም 3, 500ሜጋ ሄርዝ |ፔንቲየም 4 2.4 ጊጋ ሄርዝ+ ወይ ኤኤምዲ 2400xp+ |- !ተዘክሮ |128MB ራም ዘለዎ |512MB ራም ዘለዎ |- !ናይ ሃርድ ዲስክ ቦታ |400MB |2GB |- !ፍጥነት መርበብ ሓበሬታ |128Kb/s |768 Kbps ወይ ዝሓሸ (DSL/Cable) |- !ቪድዮ ካርድ |3D ዝድግፍን 16 ሜባ VRAMን ዘለዎ ግራፊክስ ካርድ |ቪድዮ ካርድ ምስ 3D ደገፍን 32 MB ወይ ልዕሊኡ VRAMን። |- !ርዝነት ስክሪን |1024x768 እዩ። |1280x1024 እዩ። |- !ጽሬት ሕብሪ ስክሪን |16-bit ልዑል ሕብሪ |32-bit ሓቀኛ ሕብሪ |} bwzz8aigt7298zdwvudx1w7u5uxxi2i 0 6284 24748 2024-03-31T14:34:05Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = መጽሓፍቲ ጉግል = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ '''''Google Books''''' ( እንግሊዝኛ : '''''Google Books''''' ) (ቀደም '''Google Book Search''' ( ''ቱርኪ'' : '''Google Book Search''' ) ወይ '''Google Print''' ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ዝነበረ )ኣብ ውሽጢ Googl...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = መጽሓፍቲ ጉግል = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ '''''Google Books''''' ( እንግሊዝኛ : '''''Google Books''''' ) (ቀደም '''Google Book Search''' ( ''ቱርኪ'' : '''Google Book Search''' ) ወይ '''Google Print''' ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ዝነበረ )ኣብ ውሽጢ Google ዝርከብ ሞተር ምድላይ ኮይኑ ተጠቀምቲ ብዛዕባ መጽሓፍቲ ብዝርዝር ክደልዩ ዘኽእሎም ’ ዩ። እዚ ኣገልግሎት ካብ 2002 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ስራሕ ይርከብ። ኩሉ ትሕዝቶ ናይ ብናጻ ፍቓድ ዘለዎም መጻሕፍትን ገለ ትሕዝቶ ናይ ገለ መጻሕፍትን ክሳብ እቶም ኣሕተምቲ ዝፈቕድዎ ይሕተም ። == [ ኣርትዖት |​ ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * Google eBookstore ዝበሃል ትካል እዩ። == ናይ ደገ መላግቦታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * Google Books homepage Archived 22 ለካቲት 2011 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን . * ገጽ ሓበሬታ ምድላይ መጽሓፍ ጉግል ኣብ 25 ሕዳር 2010 ኣብ ዋይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . * ማሕበር ደራስን ካልኦትን v. Google Inc. መስመር ግዜን ምዕባለን ጉዳይ Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine . * ጀፍሪ ቱቢን ፤ Google's Moon Shot Archived 6 መስከረም 2012 ኣብ Archive.is * ማልተ ሄርዊግ ፤ "መጽሓፍቲ ዓለም ኣብ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ምቕማጥ" (SPIEGEL International Edition) ኣብ 22 ግንቦት 2011 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . * ኣኒሩድ ዋድዋ ፤ "ክትዕ ኣብ ልዕሊ ፕሮጀክት ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ጉግል" ኣብ 9 መጋቢት 2008 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . * archive.org ጽሑፍ ምድላይ * PublicDomainReprints.org - ካብ Google Book Search ናይ ህዝባዊ ዓውዲ መጻሕፍቲ ዝሕትም ፈተነ Archived 30 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine . * ፈደረሽን ዲጂታል ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ * ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ኤውሮጳ ብዕለት 2 ሰነ 2006 ኣብ ዌይባክ ማሽን ዝተመዝገበ . 3tis663wj7k31zkal3ph6vbvg7wmz9z 0 6285 24749 2024-03-31T14:34:40Z 85.100.241.11 ገጽ ምስ « = ጉግል ኒውስ = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጉግል ኒውስ | colspan="2" | |- !መድሓኒት |ዜና |- !ዋና ቤት ጽሕፈት |ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ |- !በዓል ዋና |ጉግል |- !መርበብ ሓበሬታ |ዜና.ጉግል.ኮ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = ጉግል ኒውስ = * ዓንቀጽ * ክትዕ * ኣንብብ * ለውጢ * ምንጪ ለውጢ * ሕሉፍ ርአ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ {| class="wikitable" |+ጉግል ኒውስ | colspan="2" | |- !መድሓኒት |ዜና |- !ዋና ቤት ጽሕፈት |ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ |- !በዓል ዋና |ጉግል |- !መርበብ ሓበሬታ |ዜና.ጉግል.ኮም.ትሪ |} '''Google News''' ( Original name : Google News) ብጉግል ኣብ መስከረም 2002 ዝተጀመረ ኣገልግሎት ኮይኑ፡ ተጠቀምቲ ኣብ መንጎ 4000 ዝተፈላለዩ ምንጭታት ዜና ብቐጻሊ ዝመሓየሹ ዝደልይዎ ክረኽቡ ዘኽእሎም እዩ። ዜናታት ብኣርእስቲ ብምምዳብ እዋናዊ ምዕባለታት ንምድላይ ዘኽእል እዩ። Google 's news crawler ከም ስሩዕ ናይ ምድላይ ክራውለር እዩ ዝሰርሕ። ኣብ መዓልቲ ብዙሕ ግዜ ናብ መርበባት ዜና ብምኻድ ነቲ ዝረኽቦ ሓበሬታ ኢንዴክስ ይገብር። ብተወሳኺ፡ ኣብ ስጳኛ ዝጸደቐ ሕጊ፡ ንጉግል ተሓታቲ ግብሪ ስለ ዝገብሮ፡ ጉግል ኒውስ ተሰሒቡ። ሳላ እቲ ኣብ መጀመርታ ስክሪን መሳርሒታት ኣንድሮይድ ዝርከብ ዊጀት፡ ንተጠቀምቲ ከከም ውልቃዊ ምርጫታቶምን ታሪኽ ምድህሳስን ክግደሱ ዝኽእሉ ዜናታት ይዝርዝር፡ ብተወሳኺ ድማ ንተጠቀምቲ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ዜና ከም መፍለጢ የፍልጥ። == ናይ ደገ መላግቦታት == n2i7unvtut97ma0e3d0p6bbov2ivttg 0 6286 24751 2024-04-01T13:22:20Z 85.100.247.12 ገጽ ምስ « = ኢ-መይ = ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ '''ኢ-መይል''' ወይ '''ኢ-መይል''' ፣ ብኢንተርነት ዝለኣኽ ዲጂታላዊ ደብዳበ . ንሱ ድማ ከፊላዊ ስም ናይቲ ኣምር '''ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ ፖስታ''' ’ ዩ ። ብዓይኒ ኣብ መንጎኦምን ኣብ መንጎ ናይ ወረቐት ደብዳቤን ዓቢ ፍልልይ የለን . ኩሎም ዓይነታት ፋይላት...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki = ኢ-መይ = ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ '''ኢ-መይል''' ወይ '''ኢ-መይል''' ፣ ብኢንተርነት ዝለኣኽ ዲጂታላዊ ደብዳበ . ንሱ ድማ ከፊላዊ ስም ናይቲ ኣምር '''ኤሌክትሮኒካዊ ፖስታ''' ’ ዩ ። ብዓይኒ ኣብ መንጎኦምን ኣብ መንጎ ናይ ወረቐት ደብዳቤን ዓቢ ፍልልይ የለን . ኩሎም ዓይነታት ፋይላት፡ ከም ስእሊ፡ ሙዚቃ፡ ቪድዮ ወዘተ ኣብ ኢ-መይል ተተሓሒዞም ናብ ኮምፒተር ናይቲ ካልእ ተቐባሊ ክሰጋገሩ ይኽእሉ። ኣብ መላእ ዓለም መዓልታዊ ብቢልዮናት ዝቑጸሩ ኢመይላት ይለኣኹ።  ብሰንኪ ርካሽነቱን ምቹእነቱን ካብ ናይ ወረቐት ደብዳቤታት ብሰፊሑ ዝጥቀመሉ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ወግዓዊ ጉዳያት ግን ብሰንኪ ተኣማንነቱ ኣዝዩ ድሩት እዩ። ናይ ኢመይል ኣካውንት ብነጻ ወይ ብዝተወሰነ ክፍሊት ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ ነዚ ኣገልግሎት ዝህቡ መርበባት ክኽፈቱ ይኽእሉ። ናይ ኢመይል ኣድራሻታት፤ ንሱ ድማ ስም ተጠቃሚ፡ ምልክት ኣድራሻ፡ ስም ናይቲ ኣካውንት ዝተፈጥረሉ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ኢ-መይል ሰርቨር፡ ነጥቢ (.) ከምኡ’ውን መቐጸልታ መርበብ ሓበሬታ ብዘይ ዝኾነ ነጥቢ ብምጽሓፍ ዝፍጠር እዩ። ንኣብነት ''፡ wikipedist@vikipedi.org'' ። እቲ "@" ዝብል ምልክት ( a ምስ ጭራ ) " ኣብ ''wikipedia.org'' ዝበሃል ቦታ " ማለት እዩ። ንኣብነት ሓደ ሰብ ኣብ wikipedia.org ብመንገዲ ገጽ መርበብን ፍሉያት ናይ መልእኽቲ ፕሮግራማትን ( Microsoft Outlook , Thunderbird , ወዘተ) ከምኡ’ውን ዝተፈላለዩ ፕሮቶኮላት ( IMAP , POP3 , ወዘተ) መልእኽትታት ክረክብ ይኽእል። == ኣካላት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * '''ላኣኺ ወይ ካብ ( ትግርኛ : ካብ  ) :''' ኣድራሻ ( ትግርኛ :  ኣድራሻ )ን ስምን ናይቲ መልእኽቲ ዝለኣኸ ። ኣብዚ ብኣውቶማቲክ ስም ናይቲ ሰብ ኮይኑ እኳ እንተተራእየ፡ ስም ካልእ ሰብ ሒዝካ ምልኣኽ እውን ይከኣል እዩ። * '''ተቐባሊ''' ወይ '''ንመን ( ትግርኛ :  ናብ )''' : ኣድራሻን ስምን ናይቲ መልእኽቲ ተቐባሊ '''.''' መልእኽቲ መን ከም ዝለኣኾ ይሕብር። ኣብ መንጎ ኣድራሻ መልእኽቲ " ''',''' " ኮማ ብምግባር ናብ ልዕሊ ሓደ ሰብ ምልኣኽ ይከኣል ። ኣድራሻኻ እንተዘይተራእዩ ብ '''BCC''' ክሕባእ ይኽእል እዩ ። * '''ኣርእስቲ :  እቲ መልእኽቲ ዘጠቓልል ኣርእስቲ ብሓፈሻ ድሒሩ ዝዝከርን ነቶም መልእኽትታት''' ንምፍላይ ዝሕግዝን ’ ዩ '''።''' ብስነ-ምግባር ክትጽሕፍ ይምከር። * '''ዕለት ( ትግርኛ :  ዕለት )''' : እቲ መልእኽቲ ዝተላእከሉ ናይ ከባቢ ዕለትን '''ሰዓትን''' ። መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ እቲ ዝልእኽ ኣገልጋሊ ወይ ፕሮግራም መልእኽቲ ነዚ ግዜ ብኣውቶማቲክ ይውስኾ። ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ሓድሽ መልእኽቲ ኣረጊት ክመስል ይኽእል እዩ ምኽንያቱ እቲ ናይ ሰዓትን መዓልትን ቅጥዕታት ጌጋ እዩ። * '''Message body ( ትግርኛ :  Body ) : እዚ''' ነቲ መልእኽቲ ንባዕሉን ብሓፈሻ ፊርማ ተጠቃሚን የጠቓልል። * '''ካርቦን ኮፒ "Kk" ( ትግርኛ :  Cc , ትግርኛ :  ካርቦን ኮፒ''' ፣ ነቲ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ እዋን ብካርቦን ወረቐት ኣብ ታይፕራይተር ዝግበር ምብዛሕ ዘመልክት ''')''' : እቲ መልእኽቲ ብዘይካ እቲ ፈለማ ናብኡ ዝነበረ ሰብ ናብ ካልኦት ተቐበልቲ ክለኣኽ '''የኽእል''' ተላኢኹ. እቲ መልእኽቲ ብቐጥታ ነቶም ኣብዚ ዝተጻሕፉ ሰባት ዝምልከት ኣይኮነን፣ እቲ መልእኽቲ ናብዞም ሰባት ንሓበሬታ ዝለኣኽ እዩ። * '''ሕቡእ ካርቦን ቅዳሕ "Gkk" ( ትግርኛ :  Bcc , ትግርኛ :  ዕዉር ካርቦን ቅዳሕ )''' : ዕጹው ካርቦን ቅዳሕ ተባሂሉ '''እውን''' ይፍለጥ። ኣብዚ ዝተጻሕፉ ተቐበልቲ ኣብቲ መልእኽቲ ኣይክረኣዩን እዮም። ነዚ ከባቢ እዚ ንብዙሓት ሰባት ንዝለኣኽ ዘይወግዓዊ መልእኽትታት ምጥቃም ብስነ-ምግባር ዝምጥን እዩ። እዚ ዓይነት ናይ ተቐባሊ ምድንጋር ካብ ስፓሚንግ ( ትግርኛ :  spam ) እውን ይከላኸል ። * '''Reply ( ትግርኛ :  reply ) : ካብ ዝተወሰነ''' ኣድራሻ ንዝመጽእ መልእኽቲ ንምምላስ ዝውዕል። ኣድራሻ ናይቲ መልእኽቲ ዝለኣኸ ብኣውቶማቲክ ናብቲ ተቐባሊ ክፍሊ ይውሰድ። ካብቶም ብብዝሒ ዝጥቀሙሉ ፋንክሽን ሓደ እዩ። * '''Reply all ( ትግርኛ :  reply all )''' : ነቲ ዝተመልሰ መልእኽቲ ናብ ኩሎም '''ኣብቲ ዝኣቱ መልእኽቲ እንግሊዝኛ :  To''' and '''English :  Cc ዝብል''' ክፍልታት ዝተጻሕፈ ኣድራሻታት ንምልኣኽ ይጥቀመሉ ። ካብቶም ኣዝዮም ዝተበደሉ ተግባራት ሓደ እዩ። ብሓፈሻ ኩሉ ኣድራሻታት ክፉት ኮይኑ ተሪፉ ዘየድሊ ኣድራሻታት ይለኣኽ። ሓደ ካብቶም ናብ ኮምፒተር ዝኣትዉ ቫይረሳት ዝጥቀሙሉ ሜካኒዝም እዩ። * '''ምቕራብ ( ትግርኛ :  forward ( ትግርኛ : fwd ))''' : ዝኣቱ መልእኽቲ ናብ ካልእ ኣድራሻ ንኽመሓላለፍ የኽእል '''።''' * '''Attachment ( ትግርኛ :  attachment ) : እዚኦም''' እቶም ከም መተሓሓዚ ናይቲ ጽሑፍ ዝለኣኹ ፋይላት እዮም። ቅድሚ ፋይላት ምውሳኾም ብመገዲ Base64 ተጠቒሞም ኢንኮድ ይግበሩ ። ብብዙሕ ዝተፈላለየ ቅርጺ ዘለዎም ፋይላት ብፍላይ ድማ ብድምጺ፡ ምስሊ፡ ቪድዮን ጽሑፍን ክውሰኹ ይኽእሉ። ቫይረሳት ካብ ዝዝርግሑ ቀንዲ መገድታት ሓደ እዩ። ዘይፍለጡ ናይ ፋይል መተሓሓዝያታት ምኽፋት ኣይምከርን። == ጸገማት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ሓደ ካብቲ ብኢ-መይል ኣብ ዝግበር ርክብ ዘጋጥም ዓቢ ጸገማት፡ ዘይተሓተተ ብጅምላ ዝለኣኽ ኢ-መይል፡ ማለት ጃምላዊ መልእኽትታት . ካብዚ ወፃኢ ጐዳኢ ፕሮግራማት (ቫይረስ ወዘተ) ናይ ምስፍሕፋሕን ውልቃዊ ሓበሬታ ናይ ምስራቕ ሓደጋ እውን ኣሎ። 77fgamfpewru3gznhhcy5ll0n7nw1bj 0 6287 24752 2024-04-01T13:34:02Z 85.100.247.12 ገጽ ምስ «ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና እዩ። ንሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ፡ ታይዋን ርአ ። ንኻልእ ኣጠቓቕማታት ፡ ቻይና (disambiguation) ርአ ። {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ( Çince ) Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó ( ፒንዪን ) |-...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና እዩ። ንሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ፡ ታይዋን ርአ ። ንኻልእ ኣጠቓቕማታት ፡ ቻይና (disambiguation) ርአ ። {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ( Çince ) Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó ( ፒንዪን ) |- | colspan="2" |ባንዴራ ሃገራዊ ኣርማ |- | colspan="2" |'''ሃገራዊ መዝሙር''' ሰልፊ ወለንተኛታት |- | colspan="2" |ቻይና ኣብ ምድሪ ዘለዋ ኣቀማምጣ፦ ጸሊም ቀጠልያ ቻይና ብጭቡጥ እተመሓድሮም መሬታት ዘመልክት ኮይኑ፡ ፍኹስ ዝበለ ቀጠልያ ድማ ቻይና እትብሎ መሬታት ዘርኢ እዩ። |- | colspan="2" |ኣቀማምጣ ዝተፈላለያ ከተማታት ዓባይ ቻይና ዘርኢ ካርታ ( ታይዋን ከም ኣካል ቻይና ዝተርኣየላ) |- !ርእሰ ከተማ |ፔኪን 39°55′K 116°23′D |- !ዝዓበየት ከተማ |ሻንጋይ 31°13′43′′ሰሜን 121°28′29′′ ምብራቕ |- !ወግዓዊ ቋንቋ(ታት) |ስታንዳርድ ቻይናዊ |- !ኣፍልጦ ዘለዎ ዞባዊ ቋንቋ(ታት) | * ሞንጎላዊ * ኡይጉር * ቲቤታዊ * ዙዋንካ * ከምኡ’ውን ካልኦት |- ! colspan="2" | ---- |- !ወግዓዊ ስርዓተ ጽሕፈት |ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ |- !ብሄረሰባት (2020) | * 91.1% ሃን ቻይናውያን * 8.9% ካልእ |- !ካልእ በዓል ስልጣን |ኣምላኽ ዘይምእማን መንግስቲ |- !ኣጋንንታዊ |ቻይናውያን |- !መንግስቲ |ኣሃዳዊት ሓደ ሰልፊ ዘለዋ ሶሻሊስታዊት ሪፓብሊክ |- | colspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" !•  ዋና ጸሓፊ ውድብን መራሒ ሃገርን። |ከምኡ ውን ሲንፒንግ |- !•  ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር |ኣብ ቺያንግ |- !•  ፕረዚደንት ኮንግረስ |ቻኦ ይነፍር |- !•  ኣቦ መንበር ዋዕላ |ቫን ሁኒንግ |- !•  ቀዳማይ ጸሓፊ ሰክረታርያ ሰልፊ |Ca Q |- !•  ጸሓፊ ስነ-ስርዓትን ክትትልን |ሊ ሲ |- !•  ምክትል ፕረዚደንት። |ሃን ቸንግ |- !• ቀዳማይ ምክትል ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር |ዲንግ ሹክስያንግ |} |- !ሓጋጊ ኣካል |ሃገራዊ ህዝባዊ ጉባኤ |- !•  ላዕለዋይ ገዛ |ቀዋሚ ኮሚቴ ሃገራዊ ህዝባዊ ጉባኤ |- !•  ታሕተዋይ ገዛ |ሃገራዊ ህዝባዊ ጉባኤ |- ! colspan="2" |ታሪኽ |- | colspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" !•  ቀዳማይ ስርወ መንግስቲ |<abbr>ይ.</abbr> MÖ 2070 ዝብል ጽሑፍ ኣሎ። |- !•  ቀዳማይ ሃጸያዊ ስርወ መንግስቲ |221 ቅ.ል.ክ |- !•  መሰረት ሪፓብሊክ |1 ጥሪ 1912 ዓ.ም |- !•  ኣዋጅ ህዝባዊ ሪፓብሊክ |1 ጥቅምቲ 1949 ዓ.ም |- !•  ህሉው ቅዋም |4 ታሕሳስ 1982 ዓ.ም |- !•  ናይ መወዳእታ ምስፍሕፋሕ |20 ታሕሳስ 1999 ዓ.ም |} |- | colspan="2" | |- ! colspan="2" |ስፍሓት |- !• ድምር |9,596,961 ኪ.ሜ ² ( 3 ) . |- !• ምድማር |^9,326,410 ኪ.ሜ |- !• ንሶም እዮም |^270,550 ኪ.ሜ |- !• እዮም (%) |2,8 |- ! colspan="2" |በዝሒ ህዝቢ |- !• ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 2023 |1,411,750,000 ( 2 .) . |- !• ጽዓት |145  /ኪ.ሜ ² ( 83 .) |- !GDP  ( ፒፒፒ ) . |ናይ 2022 ግምት |- !• ድምር |29.4 ትሪልዮን ዶላር  ( 1 .) |- !• ንሓደ ሰብ |$20.667  ( 70. .) |- !GDP  (ስማዊ) 1.1. |ናይ 2022 ግምት |- !• ድምር |$19.2 ትሪልዮን  ( 2. .) |- !• ንሓደ ሰብ |$12,970 ( 65. .) |- !ጂኒ  (2018) |▲  46.7 ልዑል እዩ። |- !ኢገ  (2019) |0.761 ልዑል  ·  85. |- !ገንዘብ |ረንሚንቢ  ( CNY  ·  ¥ ) . |- !ናይ ግዜ ፍልልይ |UTC +8 ( ዞባ ሰዓት ቻይና ) |- !ቅርጺ ዕለት | * yyyy-aa-gg ( በረድ ) . * yyyy ዓመት ኣብ ወርሒ g መዓልቲ ( Çin ) . |- !ናይ ዋና ቮልቴጅ |220 ቪ -50 ሄርዝ እዩ። |- !ዋሕዚ ትራፊክ |የማን |- !ኮድ ስልኪ | +86 |- !ISO 3166 ኮድ እዩ። |ሲ.ኤን |- !ናይ ኢንተርነት ዶመይን ስም | * .cn * .ቻይና * .ቻይና |- | colspan="2" |'''Official site''' ስቴት ኔትወርክ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና |- | colspan="2" | # '''^''' ዋላ እኳስታንዳርድ ቻይንኛ፡ ፖርቱጋልኛኣብማካውጥራይ፡ እንግሊዝኛሆንግ ኮንግጥራይ። # '''^''' ባህላዊ ፊደላት ቻይናኣብ ፍሉያት ምምሕዳራዊ ዞባታት ማካውን ሆንግ ኮንግን።ፊደላት ሞንጎልያውሽጣዊ ሞንጎልያይጥቀሙ፣ፊደላት ዓረብ ኡይጉርኣብርእሰ - ምምሕዳር ዞባ ዚንጂያንግ ኡይጉር፣ፊደላት ቲቤትኣብርእሰ ምምሕዳር ቲቤትምስ ዝተቐለሉ ፊደላት ቻይና ብሓባር ይጥቀሙ # '''^''' ማካውፓታካሆንግ ኮንግ ድማምስ ረንሚንቢሆንግ ኮንግ # '''^''' ኣብ መሬት ቻይና፡ ትራፊክ ጽርግያታት ብየማን ክሰርሕ እንከሎ፡ መብዛሕትኡ መስመራት ባቡር ድማ ብጸጋም ይሰርሕ። ይኹን እምበር ኣብ ማካውን ሆንግ ኮንግን ብዘይካ ገለ መስመራት ባቡር ትሕቲ መሬት ኩሉ ትራፊክ ብጸጋማይ ሸነኽ እዩ ዝኸይድ። |} '''ቻይና''' ፡ ብወግዒ '''ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና''' (ብሕጽር ዝበለ: '''PRC''' ; ቻይናዊ :中华人民共和国<small>( help info )</small> , Hanyu Pinyin : ''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó'' ) ፡ ኣብ ምብራቕ ኤስያ ብሓደ ሰልፋዊ ስርዓት ብኮሚኒስት ሰልፊ እትመሓደር <small>ኣሃዳዊት</small> ልኡላዊት ሃገር እያ። ናይ ቻይና . ኣብ ዓለም ብብዝሒ ህዝቢ ኣስታት 1.4 ቢልዮን ፡ ብስፍሓት መሬት ብ 9.6 ሚልዮን ኪ.ሜ 2 3ይቲ ኮይና [  ብጠቕላላ ስፍሓት ድማ መበል 3ይቲ ወይ 4ይቲ እያ።  22 ኣውራጃታት ፣ 5 ርእሰ-ምምሕዳር ዘለወን ዞባታት ፣ 4 ብቐጥታ ዝመሓደራ ከተማታትን ንፍሉይ ምምሕዳራዊ ዞባ ሆንግ ኮንግን ማካውን የመሓድር ፣ ኣብ ልዕሊ ታይዋን ድማ ልኡላውነት ኣለዋ ይብል ። ቻይናውያን፤ ኣብቲ ኣብ ቆላ ሰሜን ቻይና ዝርከብ ልሙዕ ተፋሰስ ብጫ ሩባ ሓደ ካብቶም ቀዳሞት ስልጣነታት ዓለም ኮይኑ ተቐልቂሉ ። ንኣሽሓት ዓመታት ኣብ ቻይና ዝነበረ ፖለቲካዊ ስርዓት ኣብ ውርሻዊ ንግስነታት ወይ ስርወ መንግስቲ ዝተመስረተ ኮይኑ፡ እቲ ቀዳማይ ፍርቂ ኣፈ-ታሪኽ ዝኾነ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሺዓ እዩ ነይሩ ። ቻይና ካብ ቀዳሞት ስርወ መንግስቲ ኣትሒዛ ብዙሕ ግዜ ኣስፊሓ፡ ተኸፋፊላ፡ ዳግማይ ተጠርኒፋ እያ። ኣብ 1912 ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና (ROC) ኣብ ልዕሊ ቻይና ስልጣን ሒዛ ፡ ነቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺንግ ስርወ መንግስቲ ኣውዲቓ ፡ ንመሬት ቻይና ኣብ 1949 ኣብ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ቻይና ብህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ሓርነት ክሳብ እትስዓር ኣመሓዲራ ። ብዕለት 21 መስከረም 1949 ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ኣብ ቤጂንግ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና መስረተ ; መንግስቲ ROC ናብ ታይዋን ንድሕሪት ብምምላስ ንታይፐይ ጭቡጥ ''ርእሰ'' ከተማ ገበሮ። ክልቲኦም ROC ን PRCን ናይ ኩላ ቻይና እንኮ ሕጋዊ መንግስቲ ምዃና ይዛረቡ፡ እንተኾነ ግን PRC ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዝያዳ ትፍለጥን ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣዝዩ ዝበዝሐ መሬትን ሰባትን ትገዝእ እያ። ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ብኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ቻይና (CCP) እትመሓደር ኣሃዳዊት ፣ ሓደ ሰልፊ ዘለዋ ሶሻሊስታዊት ሪፓብሊክ እያ ። ኣብ 1971 ፒ.ኣር.ሲ ንቦታ ROC ኣብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ብምሓዝ ቀዋሚ ኣባል ባይቶ ጸጥታ ኰነት ። መስራቲ ኣባል ዝተፈላለዩ ብዙሕነታውን ዞባውን ትካላት ከም ባንኪ ወፍሪ ትሕተ ቅርጺ ኤስያ ፣ ፈንድ መንገዲ ሐርጭ፣ ባንኪ ሓድሽ ልምዓትን ዞባዊ ኩለመዳያዊ ቁጠባዊ ምሕዝነትን እዩ። ብተወሳኺ ኣባል ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም , APEC , BRICS , SCO , BCIM , G20 ን ካልኦት ብዙሓት ወግዓውያንን ዘይወግዓውያንን ብዙሕነታዊ ትካላትን እያ። ቻይና ኣብ ዲሞክራሲ ፣ ግሉጽነትን ሰብኣዊ መሰላትን ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ከም ናጽነት ፕረስ ፣ ናጽነት ሃይማኖትን ማዕርነት ብሄራትን ዝኣመሰሉ መዳያት ትሑት ደረጃ ትሕዝ ። ኣስታት ሓደ ሓሙሻይ ክፋል ቁጠባ ዓለም እትሕዝ ቻይና ፡ ክሳብ 2021 ብመንጽር ስማዊ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ሃገርን ብመንጽር ምዕሩይነት ዓቕሚ ምዕዳግ (PPP) ዝዓበየ ቁጠባን ዓለምና ካልኣይቲ ዝዓበየት ቁጠባ ዓለም ኮይና፡ ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየት ሰደድቲ ኣቑሑት እያ። ከምኡ’ውን ካልኣይ ዝዓበየ ኣምጻኢ ኣቑሑት’ዩ።  ኣብ 1978 ቁጠባዊ ጽገናታት ካብ ዝትግበር ጀሚሩ ቁጠባ ቻይና ሓደ ካብቶም ብቕልጡፍ ዝዓብዩ ቁጠባታት ዓለም ኮይኑ ኣሎ። ኒዩክለራዊ ዕጥቂ ዝዓጠቐት ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ዝበዝሐ ንጡፋት ወተሃደራት ዘለዋን ካልኣይቲ ዝበዝሐ ባጀት ምክልኻል ዘለዋን ሃገር እያ ። == ስም [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ብመሰረት ሰቫን ኒሻንያን ኤቲሞሎጂካል ዲክሽነሪ፡ ብቋንቋ ቱርኪ "Çin" እትብል ቃል ካብታ ''ቺን'' ( چین ) እትብል ፋርሳዊት ቃል ናብ ቱርኪ ኣትያ ፤ መበገሲኡ ድማ ''Çīn ዝብል'' ናይ ሶግድያ ቃል ኮይኑ፡ ትርጉሙ ድማ ሓደ ’ ዩ ። ብቋንቋ ብሉይ ቱርኪ '''''፡ ታብጋች''''' ይበሃል ነበረ ።  ገለ ካልኦት ምንጭታት መበቆል ናይቲ ፋርሳዊ ቃል ካብቲ ናይ ሳንስክሪት ቃል ''Cīna'' ( ቻይና ) ከም ዝጅምር ይገልጹ።  ኣጠቓቕማ ናይ ሳንስክሪት ቃል ''Cīna'' ንቻይና ብምጥቃስ ካብ 150 ዓ.ም. '' ሲና'' ዝብል ቃል ኣብ ጽሑፋት ''ማሃባሃራታን'' ማኑስምሪቲን እውን ኣሎ ፣ ዋላ እኳ ህንዳውያን ጸሓፍቲ ''ቅድሚ'' 1ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ህላወ ቻይና ፈጺሞም ዘይፈልጡ ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ እዮም ።  ኣብ 1655 ፡ ማርቲኖ ማርቲኒ ቻይና ዝብል ስም ካብ ስም ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺን ("ቻይናዊ") (221–206 ቅ.ል.ክ) ከም ዝተረኽበ ሓሳብ ኣቕረበ ።  እዚ ሓሳብ ብብዙሓት ተመራመርቲ ተቐባልነት ረኺቡ እዩ፣  ግን ብዙሓት ኣማራጺ ሓሳባት እውን ኣለዉ። ወግዓዊ ስማ ናይዛ ዘመናዊት መንግስቲ "ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና" ( ቻይናዊ :中华人民共和国; ፒንዪን : ''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó'' ) ክኸውን ከሎ፡ ብዝያዳ ዝጥቀመሉ ኣሕጽሮተ-ቃላቱ ድማ "ቻይና" ''Zhōngguó'' (中国)፤ ንሱ ድማ ''zhōng'' (“ማእከላይ” ወይ “ማእከል”) ከምኡ’ውን ''guó'' (“ሃገር”፡ “ሃገር-ሃገር”) ዝብሉ ቃላት ዝሓዘ እዩ።  ቻይናዊ ቃል ''Zhōngguó ኣብ ትሕቲ'' ስርወ መንግስቲ ዞው ከም ቃል ንንጉሳዊ demesne ንምምልካት ዝጥቀመሉ ቃል እዩ ማዕቢሉ።  ድሒሩ ኣብ ከባቢ ሉዮይ (ናይ ሎሚ ሉዮያንግ ) ኣብ እዋን ምብራቓዊ ዞው ፣ ድሒሩ ማእከላይ ቆላ ቻይና ፣ ድሒሩ ድማ ኣብ ትሕቲ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺንግ ዝነበረ ግዝኣት ንምግላጽ ተጠቒሙ።  ቀቢላታት ሁዋክስያ ካብቶም ከም "ባርባራዊ" ተባሂሎም ዝግመቱ ህዝብታት ንምፍላይ ብተደጋጋሚ ዝጥቀመሉ ባህላዊ ኣምር ኮይኑ ኣገልጊሉ ፣  ከምኡ'ውን መበገሲ ናይቲ ተመሳሳሊ ቃል "ማእከላይ መንግስቲ" ኣብ ምንጭታት ቋንቋ ወጻኢ ብዛዕባ ቻይና እዩ። '' Zhōnghuá'' (中华) ዝብል ቃል ዝያዳ ቃል ብቓሉ ወይ ንኹሉ ዝሓቁፍ ስም ኮይኑ፡ "መሬት ስልጣነ ቻይና" ዘመልክት እዩ።  ኣብ እዋን ስርወ መንግስቲ ዌይን ጂንን ከም ኣሕጽሮተ ቃል "ማእከላይ ግዝኣት ሁዋክስያ " ኮይኑ ተቐልቂሉ ።  ኣብቲ ብ15 ሰነ 1949 ዝተኻየደ ናይ መጀመርታ ህዝባዊ ፖለቲካዊ ኣማኻሪ ዋዕላ ቻይና ፡ ቅድሚ ምምስራት ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ፡ እታ ሃገር ክትስመ ዝሓሰበት ''ዲሞክራስያዊት ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና'' ( Simplified Chinese :中华人民民主共和国; Traditional Chinese) እያ ነይራ :中華人民民主共和國; ፒንዪን : ''ዞንግሁዋ ሬንሚን ሚንዝǔ ጎንግሄጉኦ'' ).  ድሕሪ ምጥፋእ ኩሚንታንግ ኣብ 1950ታትን 1960ታትን ኣብ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ቻይና ፡ ካብ "ሃገራዊት ቻይና" ወይ " ናጻ ቻይና " ከም ዝተፈልየ "ኮሚኒስት ቻይና" ወይ " ቀያሕ ቻይና " ተባሂላ'ውን ተለልያ። . == ታሪኽ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ታሪኽ ቻይና {| class="wikitable" |<big>'''ታሪኽ ቻይና'''</big> |- | colspan="4" |ቀዳማይ ዘመን[አርኢ] ማእከላይ ዘመን[አርኢ] ሓድሽ ዘመን[አርኢ] ዕድመ ቅርበት[አርኢ] |} === ቅድመ ታሪኽ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዋ ጥንታውያን ስልጣነታት ተባሂላ ትቑጸር።  ስነ-ጥንታዊ መርትዖታት፤ ቀዳሞት ሆሚኒድስ ቅድሚ ካብ 2.25 ሚልዮን ክሳብ 250 ሽሕ ዓመታት ኣብ ቻይና ይነብሩ ከም ዝነበሩ ይሕብር።  ሆሚኒት ቅሪተ-ኣካላት ናይ ፔኪንግ ማን ፣ ሓዊ ምጥቃም ዝተማህረ ሆሞ ''ኢረክተስ''  ኣብ ጥቓ ቤጂንግ ኣብ ዝርከብ በዓቲ ዞውኩድያን ተረኺቡ ; እቶም ቅሪተ-ኣካላት ቅድሚ 680 ሽሕ ክሳብ 780 ሽሕ ዓመታት ከምዝነበሩ ተገሊጹ ’ ሎ ።  ቅድሚ 125,000-80,000 ዓመታት ዝነበረ ቅሪተ-ኣካላት ኣስናን ናይ ሓደ ''ሆሞ ሳፒየንስ'' ኣብ በዓቲ ፉያን ኣብ ዳኦ ካውንቲ ፡ ሁናን ተረኺቡ ።  ቻይናዊ ፕሮቶ-ስክሪፕት ፤ ኣብ ጂያሁ ከባቢ 7000 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ፣  ኣብ ዳማይዲ ከባቢ 6000 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ፣  ኣብ ዳዲዋን ኣብ 5800–5400 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ፣ ኣብ ባንፖ ድማ ኣብ 5ይ ሽሕ ቅ.ል.ክ. ገለ ተመራመርቲ ከም ዝሕብርዎ ፡ እቲ ካብ 7ይ ሽሕ ዓመት ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ዝነበረ ጂያሁ ስክሪፕትስ ፡ እቲ ቀዳማይ ስርዓተ ጽሕፈት ቻይና ዝቖመ እዩ። === ቀዳማይ ስርወ መንግስቲ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ተወሳኺ ሓበሬታ ፡ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቻይና ብመሰረት ትውፊት ቻይና፡ እቲ ቀዳማይ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሺያ ስርወ መንግስቲ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ 2100 ቅ.ል.ክ.  እዚ ስርወ መንግስቲ እዚ ክሳብ ኣብ 1959 ከም ኣካል ሳይንሳዊ ኳዕቲታት ኣብ ሁናን - ኤርሊቶው ናይ ዘመነ ነሓስ ቦታታት ዝረኽቡ ብጸሓፍቲ ታሪኽ ጽውጽዋያዊ ምዃኑ ይግመት ነይሩ ።  እዞም ቦታታት እዚኣቶም ናይ ስርወ መንግስቲ ዢያ ድዮም ወይስ ካብ ተመሳሳሊ እዋን ዝመጸ ካልእ ባህሊ ክሳብ ሕጂ ንጹር ኣይኮነን።  ስዒቡ ዝመጸ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሻንግ ፡ ብእዋናዊ መዛግብቲ ከም ዘሎ ዝተረጋገጸ ዝጸንሐ ስርወ መንግስቲ እዩ።  ሻንግስ፤ ኣብ ምብራቓዊ ቻይና ኣብ ዝርከብ ቆላ ብጫ ሩባ ኣብ መንጎ መበል 17ን 11ን ​​ክፍለ ዘመን ቅ.ል.ክ.  ሻንግ ዕድል ጽሑፋት ፣ ካብ 1500 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ዝጅምር ፣  ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝተረኽበ ዝጸንሐ መልክዕ ጽሑፋዊ ቻይናዊ  ከምኡ’ውን ኣቦሓጎታት ዘመናዊ ፊደላት ቻይና እዮም። ስርወ መንግስቲ ሻንግ ብስርወ መንግስቲ ዞው ተሳዒሩ ፣ ካብ መበል 11 ክሳብ 5ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ግዝኣቱ ዓቂቡ ፣ ኣብዚ ምሉእ እዋን እዚ ግን እቲ ማእከላይ ስልጣን በብቑሩብ ብመስፍናውያን ጐይቶት ውግእ ተገልቢጡ። ካብታ ኣብ መወዳእታ ዝደኸመት ግዝኣት ዞው ብዙሓት ነጻ ግዝኣታት ተቐልቂለን፤ ኣብቲ ን300 ዓመታት ዝቐጸለ እዋን ጽድያን ቀውዒን ፡ ብቐጻሊ ነንሕድሕዶም ይዋግኡን ሓሓሊፎም ጥራይ ንጉስ ዞው ክብሪ ይህቡን ነበሩ። 5ይ-3ይ ቅ.ል.ክ ኣብ ዘመነ ተዋጋእቲ ሃገራት ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ መንጎ 6ይን 6ይን ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብታ ብዘመናዊት ቻይና እትፍለጥ መሬት ሸውዓተ ፍሉያትን ሓያላትን ልኡላውያን ሃገራት ነይረን፣ ነፍሲ ወከፈን ነናተን ንጉስን ኣገልግሎትን ወተሃደራትን ነበራ። === ሃጸያዊ ዘመን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ዘመነ ተዋጋእቲ ሃገራት ኣብ 221 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ መንግስቲ ቺን ካልኦት ሽዱሽተ መንግስታት ስዒሩ ናይ መጀመርታ ውሁድ መንግስቲ ቻይና ምስ መስረተ እዩ ተዛዚሙ ። ንጉስ ቺን ሺ ሁዋንግ ንነብሱ "ቀዳማይ ሃጸይ" ( ''Qín Shǐhuáng'' ወይ ''Shǐ Huángdì ) ናይ'' ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺን ኢሉ ኣዊጁ ። ሕጋዊ ጽገናታት መንግስቲ ቺን፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ግዱድ ደረጃ ምውሳን ፊደላት ቻይና ፡ ኣሃዱታት መለክዒ ፡ ስፍሓት ጽርግያ (ኣስታት ንውሓት ኣክስል መኪና)፡ ከምኡ’ውን ባጤራ ፡ ኣብ መላእ ቻይና ተግባራዊ ኮይኑ ። እቲ ስርወ መንግስቲ ኣብ ጉዋንሲ ፣ ጉዋንዶንግን ቬትናምን ንዝነበሩ ቀቢላታት ዩ ’ ውን ስዒርዎም ።  ስርወ መንግስቲ ቻይና ን15 ዓመት ጥራይ እዩ ጸኒሑ፤ እቲ ስርወ መንግስቲ ድሕሪ ሞት ቀዳማይ ሃጸይ ነዊሕ ከይጸንሐ ወደቐ፣ ምኽንያቱ እቲ ተሪርን ምልካዊን ፖሊሲታቱ ናብ ሰፊሕ ናዕብታት ስለ ዘስዓበ። ድሕሪ እቲ ኣብ ሺያንያንግ ዝርከብ ሃጸያዊ ቤተ-መጻሕፍቲ ዝተቓጸለ ሰፊሕ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ፡ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሃን ኣብ ልዕሊ መላእ ቻይና ገዛኢ ሓይሊ ኮይኑ ተቐልቀለ  ንቻይና ኣብ መንጎ 206 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስን 220 ዓ.ም.  ካንስ፤ ንመሬት ናይቲ ግዝኣት ኣዝዩ ኣስፊሕዎ፣ ወተሃደራዊ ወፍርታት ክሳብ ማእከላይ ኤስያ፣ ሞንጎልያ ፣ ደቡብ ኮርያን ዩናንን በጺሑ ፣ ንጉዋንዶንግን ሰሜናዊ ቬትናምን ድማ ካብ ናንዩ ። ካን ኣብ ማእከላይ ኤስያን ሶግድያን ዝገበሮ ምትእትታው ፡ ነቲ ብመሬት ዝኸይድ መስመር መንገዲ ስልክ (እዚ ነቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ብኣኽራናት ሂማላያን ናብ ህንዲ ዝሓልፍ ዝነበረ መስመር ዝትክእ ) ንምቛም ሓጊዙ ። ምስ ግዜ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሃን በብቑሩብ ኣብ ጥንታዊት ዓለም ዝዓበየ ቁጠባ ኰነ።  ... ]​​​ ድሕሪ ምዝዛም ስርወ መንግስቲ ሃን ፡ ብሰለስተ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣታት ዚፍለጥ ናይ ባእሲ እዋን ጀመረ .  እቶም ማእከላይ ኣካላት ናይዚ እዋን ኣብ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣርባዕተ ዓበይቲ ክላሲካዊ ልብ-ወለዳት ስነ -ጽሑፍ ቻይና ዘይሞቱ ኮይኖም . ኣብ መወዳእታ ናይቲ እዋን ዌይ ብኡንብኡ ብስርወ መንግስቲ ጂን ተኣልዩ ። ጂን ኣብቲ ብልምዓታዊ ስንክልና ዝነበሮ ሃጸይ ሁይ ናብ ዝፋን ምስ ደየበ ዝተላዕለ ኲናት ሸሞንተ መሳፍንቲ እውን ፈሪሱ ። ጸኒሖም ሓሙሽተ ባርባራውያን ንሰሜናዊ ቻይና ስዒሮም ነዘን መሬታት ኣብ ትሕቲ 16 መንግስታት ገዚኦምወን ። ሲንቢያውያን ነዘን መንግስታት እዚኣተን ሰሜናዊ ቬይ ኢሎም ኣወሃሃድወን ። ሃጸያ ሺያኦወን ነቲ ቅድሚኡ ዝነበረ ፖሊሲታት ኣፓርታይድ ንድሕሪት ብምምላስ ሱር በተኻዊ ሲኒሳይዜሽን ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ዜጋታት ኣተግቢሩ ፣ ብዓቢኡ ምስ ባህሊ ቻይና ኣዋሃሂዱዎም። ኣብ ደቡብ ጀነራል ሊዩ ዩ ንጂን ንሊዩ ሶንግ ዝድግፍ ንኽስሕብ ኣገደዶ ። እቶም ዝተፈላለዩ ተኸተልቲ እዘን ግዝኣታት ድሒሮም ደቡባዊ ሰሜናዊ ስርወ መንግስቲ ተባሂሎም ተጸውዑ ። ክልቲኦም እዞም ዓውድታት ኣብ መወዳእታ ብስርወ መንግስቲ ሱይ ብ581 ዳግማይ ተጠርኒፎም ። ሱይ ኣብ ርእሲ’ቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ቻይና ዝነበረ ምሕደራ ሃን ምምላስ፡ ንሕርሻን ቁጠባን ቻይና ተቖጻጺሮም ፡ ግራንድ ቻይና ካናል ሃኒጾም ፡ ናብ ቡድሂዝም ድማ ተቐየሩ። ይኹን እምበር፡ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሱይ ብሰንኪ ሰፊሕ ናዕቢ ቀልጢፉ ፈረሰ፣ እዚ ድማ ብሰንኪ ክልቲኡ ግዱድ ምፍጻም ህዝባዊ ስራሓትን ምኽሳር ኲናት ኣንጻር ኮርያን ዝተበገሰ እዩ። ቻይና ኣብ ትሕቲ ስዒቡ ዝመጸ ስርወ መንግስቲ ታንግን ሶንግን ፤ ብቁጠባ፣ ብቴክኖሎጅን ባህልን ናብ ወርቃዊ ዘመን ኣትያ።  ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ታንግ ኣብ ልዕሊ ምዕራባውያን ዞባታትን መንገዲ ሐርጭን ዳግማይ ተቖጻጺሩ ፣  ርእሰ ከተማኣ ቻንግኣን ድማ ናብ ኮስሞፖሊታን ማእከል ቀየረ ። ይኹን እምበር ኣብ 8ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ብዓንቀጽ ኣን ሉሻን ብዓቢኡ ተደምሲሱን ተዳኺሙን እዩ ።  ኣብ 907፡ ወተሃደራዊ ኣመሓደርቲ ናይቲ ከባቢ ቁጽጽር ዘይብሎም ምስ ኮኑ፡ ታንግ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ፈሪሱ። ስርወ መንግስቲ ሶንግ ኣብ 960 ኣብ ቻይና ዝነበረ ናይ ምግንጻል ኩነታት ኣቋሪጹ ኣብ መንጎ ሶንግን ኪዳን ሊያኦን ሚዛን ሓይሊ ቦታ ሂቡ ​​። ሶንግ ኣብ ታሪኽ ዓለም ናይ መጀመርታ መንግስቲ ወረቐታዊ ገንዘብ ዘውጽአትን ቀዋሚ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ዝመስረተት ናይ መጀመርታ መንግስቲ ቻይናን እያ ነይራ፤ ምምስራት ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ብዝማዕበለ ኢንዱስትሪ ህንጸት መራኽብን ንግዲ ባሕርን እዩ ተረኺቡ።  ኣብ መንጎ መበል 10ይን 11ን ​​ክፍለ ዘመን፡ ሳላ ምስፍሕፋሕ ሕርሻ ሩዝን ምፍራይ ብዙሕ ትርፊ መግቢን፡ መብዛሕትኡ ኣብ ማእከላይን ደቡባውን ቻይና፡ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ቻይና ብዕጽፊ ወሲኹ ናብ 100 ሚልዮን በጺሑ። ኣብ ስርወ መንግስቲ ታንግ ንዝነበረ ምብዛሕ ቡድሂዝም ምላሽ ሂቡ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሶንግ ውን ዳግማይ ትንሳኤ ኮንፊሽያኒዝም ርእዩ ;  ኣብ ስነ-ጥበብን ፍልስፍናን እውን ርኡይ ምዕባለታት ተራእዩ፣ ስነ-ጥበብ መልክዓ-ምድሪን ፖርስላንን ኣብ ሓድሽ ደረጃ ብስለትን ዝተሓላለኸን በጺሑ ።  ይኹን እምበር፡ ወተሃደራዊ ድኽመት ሰራዊት ሶንግ ብስርወ መንግስቲ ጁርቸን ኪን ተዓዚብናዮ ። ብ 1127 ሃጸይ ሁይዞንግን ርእሰ ከተማ ቢያንጂንግን ኣብ እዋን ውግኣት ኪን-ሶንግ ተማረኹ ። ዝተረፈ ሶንግ ናብ ደቡባዊ ቻይና ንድሕሪት ተመልሰ። ኣብ መበል 13 ክፍለ ዘመን ቻይና ብሞንጎላውያን ተታሒዛ . ኣብ 1271 ሞንጎላዊ ካን ኩብላይ ካን ስርወ መንግስቲ ዩዋን መስረተ ; ዩዋን ነቲ ናይ መወዳእታ ተረፍ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሶንግ ብ1279 ስዒሮምዎ። ሶንግ ቻይና ብሞንጎላውያን ቅድሚ ምውራራ 120 ሚልዮን ዜጋታት ዝነበርዋ፤ ብመሰረት ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 1300 እዚ ቁጽሪ ናብ 60 ሚልዮን ወሪዱ።  ዙ ዩዋንዛንግ ዝተባህለ ሓረስታይ ንስርወ መንግስቲ ዩዋን ብ1368 ​​ኣውዲቑዎ፣ ድሕሪኡ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሚንግ መስሪቱ ንርእሱ ሆንግዉ ሃጸይ ኮይኑ ሸሞ ። ኣብ ትሕቲ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሚንግ ቻይና መሊሳ ወርቃዊ ዘመን ኣጋጢምዋ፤ ካብ ዓለም ሓያላት ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ሓደን ሃብታምን ብልጽግናን ኢኮኖሚ ሃኒጹ፤ ካብዚ ሓሊፉ ኣብ ዓለም ስነ ጥበብን ባህልን ዓበይቲ ምዕባለታት ተራእዮም እዮም። ኣብዚ እዋን ’ ዚ ዠንግ ሄ ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ክፋላት ዓለም ናይ ስንቂ ወፍሪታት ኣካይዱ ፣ ክሳብ ኣፍሪቃ በጺሑ ። ኣብ መጀመርታ ዓመታት ስርወ መንግስቲ ሚንግ ርእሰ ከተማ ቻይና ካብ ናንጂንግ ናብ ቤጂንግ ተሰጋጊራ . ቀዳሞት ቡቕሊ ርእሰማላውነት ምስ ተተኽሉ ፡ ከም በዓል ዋንግ ያንግሚንግ ዝኣመሰሉ ፈላስፋታት ፡ ከም ውልቃውነትን ማዕርነት ኣርባዕተ ሞያታትን ዝኣመሰሉ ኣምር ሒዞም ንኒዮኮንፉሽያኒዝም ብዝያዳ ብነቐፌታዊ ኣገባብ ኣማዕቢሎምዎ።  እቲ ምሁር-ሲቪል ኣገልጋሊ ንጣብ ኣብ ውሽጢ ስፍሓት ምንቅስቓሳት ምእጋድ ግብሪ ካብ ኢንዱስትሪን ንግድን ደጋፊ ሓይሊ ፈጢሩ፤ እዚኦም ፣ ምስቲ ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ዘጋጠመ ጥሜት፣ ከምኡ’ውን ክልቲኡ ጃፓናውያን ንኮርያ ምውራር (1592–98) ን ኣድላይነት ምክልኻል ኣንጻር ወራራት ማንቹን ፣ ናብ ዝወድአ ካዝና ኣስዒቦም። ብ1644 ቤጂንግ ብሊ ዚቸንግ ዝምራሕ ጥምረት ሓረስቶት ዓመጽቲ ሓይልታት ተሳዒራ ። ምስ ውድቀት እታ ከተማ ፡ ሃጸይ ቾንግዠን ነብሱ ቀተለ። ስርወ መንግስቲ ማንቹ ቺንግ ፣ ሽዑ ምስ ጀነራል ስርወ መንግስቲ ሚንግ ዉ ሳንጉይ ፣ ነቲ ብሊ ዝተመስረተ ናይ ሓጺር ግዜ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሹን ኣውዲቑዎ ፣ ድሕሪኡ ድማ ነታ ሓዳስ ርእሰ ከተማ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺንግ ኮይና ዝተመዘዘት ከተማ ቤጂንግ ተቖጻጸራ። === መወዳእታ ስርወ መንግስቲ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ካብ 1644 ክሳብ 1912 ዝጸንሐ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺንግ ፡ ናይ መወዳእታ ሃጸያዊ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቻይና እዩ። ስዕረት ሚንግ (1618–1683) ህይወት 25 ሚልዮን ሰባት ዘጥፍአ ኮይኑ፡ ቁጠባ ቻይና ድማ ኣዝዩ ነክዩ።  ድሕሪ መወዳእታ ደቡባዊ ሚንግ ፡ ምስ ምውራር ድዙንጋር ካናተ ፡ ሞንጎልያ፡ ቲቤትን ዚንጂያንግን እውን ኣብ መሬት እቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ተወሰኹ።  ማእከላይ ምልካዊ ስርዓት ንሕርሻን ንንግዲ ዝድርትን ፖሊሲ ከም ምጭፍላቕ ኣንጻር ጸረ ቺንጂዝም ዋጋ ዝህብ ፖሊሲ ​​ብምትግባር ተጠናኺሩ ; ስነ-ሓሳባዊ ቁጽጽር እውን ተግባራዊ ኮይኑ : ብ " ሃይጂን " ("እገዳ ባሕሪ")ን ስነ-ጽሑፋዊ ኢንክዊዚሽንን ዝተወከለ ; እዚኦም ድማ ማሕበራውን ቴክኖሎጂካውን ደውታ ፈጢሮም እዮም።  ኣብ መፋርቕ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን፡ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺንግ ኣብ ውግኣት ዕጸፋርስ ምስ ብሪጣንያን ፈረንሳን ንምዕራባዊ ሃጸይነት ተቓሊዑ ። ብመሰረት እቲ ብ1842 ዝተገብረ ውዕል ናንኪንግ ፡ እዚ ድማ ቀዳማይ ካብቶም ዘይምዕሩይ ውዕላት ፡ ቻይና ካሕሳ ክትከፍል፡ ወደባት ውዕል ክትከፍት ፡ ንወጻእተኛታት ዜጋታት ናይ ደገ ናጽነት ክትህብን ሆንግ ኮንግ ንብሪጣንያ ክትህብን ተገዲዳ።  ቀዳማይ ኲናት ቻይናን ጃፓንን (1894–95) ውጽኢቱ ቺንግ ቻይና ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓውሲ ደሴት ኮርያ ዝነበሮ ጽልዋ ኣጥፊኡ ታይዋን ናብ ጃፓን ተሰጋጊሩ ። ብፍላይ ምስቲ ኣብ 1850ታትን 1860ታትን ንደቡባዊ ቻይና ዘዕነወ ፍሹል ናዕቢ ታይፒንግን ፡ ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ድማ ናዕቢ ዱንጋን (1862–77)ን፡ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺንግ ብዓሰርተታት ሚልዮናት ሰባት ዝሞቱሉ ሲቪላዊ ናዕቢ ከጋጥሞ ጀሚሩ። ምንቅስቓስ ርእሰ-ምሕያል 1860ታት ፡ ኣብ መጀመርታ ዕዉት እኳ እንተነበረ፡ ኣብ 1880ታትን 1890ታትን ብዘጋጠመ ተኸታታሊ ወተሃደራዊ ስዕረታት ብዙሕ ምዕንቃፍ ኣጋጢምዎ። ዓበይቲ ቻይናውያን ዲያስፖራ ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን እዩ ጀሚሩ። ብዘይካ’ቲ ብሰንኪ ግዳማዊ ስደት ዝመጽእ ክሳራ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ፡ ብሰንኪ ዝተፈላለዩ ግጭታትን ሓደጋታትን ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ቻይና ብዓቢኡ ወሪዱ፤ ንኣብነት። ኣብ 1876–79 ዘጋጠመ ጥሜት ሰሜን ቻይና ፡ ካብ 9 ክሳብ 13 ሚልዮን ሰባት ዝሞቱሉ .  ኣብ 1898 ሃጸይ ጉዋንሱ ዘመናዊ ቅዋማዊ ንግስነት ንምቛም ናይ ጽገና ውጥን ሓንጺጹ ; እዚ ውጥናት ’ ዚ ግን ብሃጸይቲ ሲክሲ ተፈሺሉ ። እቲ ኣብ 1899–1901 ዝነበረ ሕማቕ ዕድል ዝረኸበ ጸረ ወጻእተኛታት ቦክሰር ናዕቢ ንዲናስቲ ዝያዳ ኣዳኸሞ። ሲሲ ንመደብ ጽገና ዝድግፍ እኳ እንተነበረ ፡ ኣብ 1911–1912 ዝነበረ ሰውራ ዚንሃይ ንመወዳእታ ስርወ መንግስቲ ቺንግ ኣምጺኡ፡ ውጽኢቱ ድማ ምምስራት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ኣስዒቡ ። === ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና (1912–1949) [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና (1912–1949) ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ብ1 ጥሪ 1912 ተመስሪታ፡ ሱን ያት-ሰን ካብ ኩሚንታንግ (KMT ወይ ሃገራዊ ሰልፊ) ድማ ግዝያዊ ፕረዚደንት ኮይኑ ተመዚዙ።  ይኹን እምበር፡ ድሕሪኡ እቲ ፕረዚደንትነት ንጀነራል ቺንግ ነበር ዩዋን ሺካይ ተዋሂቡ ፡ ንሱ ድማ ኣብ 1915 ንርእሱ ሃጸይ ቻይና ኢሉ ኣዊጁ ። ሰፊሕ ህዝባዊ ውግዘት ከምኡ’ውን ካብ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ሰራዊት ቤያንግ ተቓውሞ ስለ ዘጋጠሞ፡ ካብ ስልጣኑ ክወርድን ነታ ሪፓብሊክ ዳግማይ ክምስርታን ተገዲዱ። ድሕሪ ሞት ዩዋን ሺካይ ብ1916 ቻይና ብፖለቲካዊ መዳይ ተበታቲና ነበረት። ኣብ ቤጂንግ ዝነበሮ መንግስቱ ብደረጃ ዓለም ተፈላጥነት እኳ እንተነበሮ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዝኣታ ኣብ ትሕቲ ቁጽጽር ዞባዊ ጐይቶት ውግእ ስለዝነበረ፡ ዳርጋ ሓይሊ ዘይብሉ እዩ ነይሩ።  ኣብ መወዳእታ 1920ታት፡ ኩሚንታንግ፡ ብመሪሕነት ቺያንግ ካይ ሸክ ፡ ሽዑ ዳይረክተር ሪፓብሊክ ፡ ብ " ሰሜናዊ ወፍሪ " ብዝፍለጥ ተኸታታሊ ወተሃደራውን ፖለቲካውን ምልውዋጥ ኣቢሉ፡ ነታ ኣብ ትሕቲ ቁጽጽራ ዝነበረት ሃገር ከተጥርንፋ ክኢላ ናይ ቻይና ወተሃደራዊ ኣካዳሚ።  ኩኦሚንታንግ ንናንጂንግ ርእሰ ከተማ እታ ሃገር ገበራ ; ብተወሳኺ ንቻይና ናብ ዘመናዊትን ደሞክራስያዊትን ሃገር ንምቕያር ኣብ መደብ ሳን-ሚን ሱን ያት-ሰን ዝተዘርዘረ ማእከላይ መድረኽ ፖለቲካዊ ምዕባለ "ፖለቲካዊ ምምሃር" ምዃኑ ተግባራዊ ገይሩ ።  ፖለቲካዊ ምፍልላይ ኣብ ቻይና፤ ኣብቲ ኩሚንታንግ ካብ 1927 ጀሚሩ ምስ ኮሚኒስት ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ሓርነት (PLA) ዝጋጮ ዝነበረ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ቻይና ንቃልስታት ቺያንግ ካይ ሸክ ኣተሓላለኸ ። ኩኦሚንታንግ ኣብ መጀመርታ ንኲናት ሓድሕድ ብዓወት ኣካይዳቶ፣ ብፍላይ ምስ ምስሓብ ፒኤልኤ ኣብ እዋን ነዊሕ መጋቢት ፣ ብሰንኪ ጃፓን ዝተፈጸመ መጥቃዕትን ኣብ 1936 ዘጋጠመ ፍጻመ ሺኣንን ግን ቺያንግ ካይ ሸክ ምስ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ጃፓን ክገጥም ተገዲዱ ። II. ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ካልኣይ ኲናት ቻይናን ጃፓንን (1937-1945) ፣ ሓደ ካብ ዓውደ ውግእ ካልኣይ ኲናት ዓለም ዝኾነ፣ ኩሚንታንግ ምስ ፒ.ኤል.ኤ. ሓይልታት ጃፓን ኣብ ግዜ ኲናት ኣብ ልዕሊ ሰላማውያን ሰባት ብዙሕ ግፍዕታት ብምፍጻም ክሳብ 20 ሚልዮን ሲቪላት ቻይናውያን ቀቲሎም።  ብተወሳኺ ፡ ኣብ እዋን መግዛእቲ ጃፓን ኣብ ከተማ ናንጂንግ 200,000 ቻይናውያን ከምዝተጨፍጨፉ ይግመት ።  ቻይና ኣብ ምሉእ እቲ ኲናት፤ ብሪጣንያ ምስ ኣመሪካን ሕብረት ሶቭየትን ናይ ሓባር ትምህርቲ ("ኣማናዊነት ናይቶም ሓያላት") ነይርዋ  ፣ ኣብ ኣዋጅ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ድማ " ዓበይቲ ኣርባዕተ " ተባሂለን ኣፍልጦ ተዋሂብወን ።  ቻይና ምስ ካልኦት ሰለስተ ዓበይቲ ሓይልታት ኣብ ካልኣይ ኲናት ዓለም ተሳቲፋ። ኣብ ካልኣይ ኲናት ዓለም ሓንቲ ካብተን ኪዳን ሓይልታት ዝነበረት ኮይና፡ ሓደ ካብቶም ቀንዲ ተዓወቲ ​​ናይቲ ኲናት ተባሂላ ትቑጸር።  ጃፓን ኣብ 1945 ኢዳ ድሕሪ ምሃባ ፡ ደሴታት ፔስካዶረስ ሓዊሱ ታይዋን ፡ ናብ ምምሕዳር ቻይና ተመሊሳ። ቻይና ሰዓሪት ናይቲ ኲናት ኮይና እኳ እንተተቐልቀለት፡ ኣብ መወዳእታ እቲ ኲናት ግን ዕንወትን ብገንዘብ ተሃስያን። ኣብ መንጎ ኩሚንታንግን ኮሚኒስታውያንን ዝነበረ ቀጻሊ ሓድሕዳዊ ዘይምትእምማን ዳግማይ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ክጅምር ምኽንያት ኮይኑ። ቅዋማዊ ምሕደራ ኣብ 1947 ዝተመስረተ ኮይኑ፡ ብሰንኪ ቀጻሊ ናዕቢ ግን ኣብ መሬት ቻይና ብዙሓት ሕጋዊ ድንጋገታት ቅዋም ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ኣብ ግብሪ ወዒሎም ኣይፈልጡን። === ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና (1949–ሕጂ) [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ታሪኽ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ኣብ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ቻይና ዝነበረ ቀንዲ ውግእ ብ1949 ተዛዚሙ፤ ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ቻይና ኣብ ልዕሊ መብዛሕትኡ ክፋል መሬት ቻይና ልኡላውነት ክረክብ እንከሎ፡ ኩሚንታንግ ካብ መሬት ቻይና ምስ ወጸ ፡ ታይዋን ፡ ሃይናንን ኣብ ከባቢኣ ዝርከባ ደሴታትን ጥራይ ኣብ ትሕቲ ምሕደራ ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ተሪፈን። ብ21 መስከረም 1949 ፡ ዋና ጸሓፊ ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ማኦ ዜዶንግ ፡ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ከም ዝምስረት ኣዊጁ።  እዚ ስዒቡ ብ1 ጥቅምቲ ኣብ ኣደባባይ ቲያንመንን ጃምላዊ ጽምብል ተኻይዱ ; በዚ ኸምዚ ድማ 1 ጥቅምቲ ናይታ ሓዳስ ሃገር ናይ መጀመርታ ሃገራዊ መዓልቲ ኰነ ። ኣብ 1950 ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ሓርነት ንሃይናን ካብ ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ሒዙ  ንቲቤት ድማ ኣብ ግዝኣታ ከእትዋ ተዓዊቱ  ። ይኹን እምበር ኣብ ምሉእ 1950ታት ዝተረፉ ሓይልታት ኩሚንታንግ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ቻይና ናዕቢ ኣካይዶም።  ኣብ ምንጭታት ኣሜሪካ ምምስራት SR መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ "ክሳራ ቻይና" ተባሂሉ ይግለጽ፣ ከምቲ ኣብቲ ''እዋን'' ኣብ ዝነበረ ሰነዳት ፖሊሲ መንግስቲ ኣሜሪካ ይንጸባረቕ ; ከም በዓል ቾምስኪ ዝኣመሰሉ ሓሰብቲ ፡ እዚ መጀመርታ ማካርቲዝም ከም ዝነበረ ይምጉቱ። ስርዓት ህግደፍ ኣብ ደርቢ ሓረስቶት ዝነበሮ ተፈታውነት ብጽገና መሬት ኣደልዲሉ፡ ውጽኢቱ ድማ ካብ 1 ክሳብ 2 ሚልዮን ናይ ብሕቲ ወነንቲ መሬት ክቕተሉ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ።  ኣብ ትሕቲ መሪሕነቱ ቻይና ናጻ ኢንዱስትርያዊ ስርዓትን ናይ ገዛእ ርእሳ ኒዩክለራዊ ኣጽዋርን ኣማዕቢላ።  ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ቻይና ዳርጋ ብዕጽፊ ወሲኹ፡ ካብ 550 ሚልዮን ናብ ልዕሊ 900 ሚልዮን በጺሑ።  እዚ እናሃለወ ፡ እቲ ከም ሰፊሕ ቁጠባውን ማሕበራውን ጽገና ፕሮጀክት ተባሂሉ ዝተሓሰበ ዓቢ ዝላ ንቕድሚት ፡ ኣብ መንጎ 1958ን 1961 ን ኣስታት 45 ሚልዮን ህይወት ደቂ ሰባት ከም ዝጠፍአ ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ብሰንኪ ጥምየት እዩ ነይሩ ።  ኣብ 1966 ማኦን መሻርኽቱን ባህላዊ ሰውራ ኣበጊሶም ፡ እዚ ድማ ንዓሰርተ ዓመት ዝቐጸለ ፖለቲካዊ ምኽሳስን ማሕበራዊ ናዕብን ተበጊሱ፡ ክሳብ ንሱ ኣብ 1976 ዝሞተ ።  ኣብ ጥቅምቲ 1971፡ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ኣብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ንሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ተኪኣ፤ ካብዚ ሓሊፉ ኣብ ባይቶ ጸጥታ ቦታ ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ብምሓዝ ቀዋሚ ኣባል ባይቶ ጸጥታ ኮይኑ። ድሕሪ ሞት ማኦ ነዊሕ ከይጸንሐ ፡ ጕጅለ ኣርባዕተ ተኣሲሩ፡ ብሰንኪ ልዕሊ ዓቐን ባህላዊ ሰውራ ተሓሲቡ። ኣብ 1978 ደንግ ሻኦፒንግ ናብ ስልጣን መጺኡ ሱር በተኻዊ ቁጠባዊ ጽገናታት ኣበጊሱ . ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ውልቃዊ ህይወት ዜጋታት መንግስታዊ ቁጽጽር ኣቃሊሉ፤ ኮሙናት በብቑሩብ ንውልቃዊ መሬት ክራይ ንምድጋፍ ተሰሪዘን። እዚ ድማ ቻይና ካብ ውጥን ዘለዎ ቁጠባ ናብቲ እናወሰኸ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ክፉት ዕዳጋ ሃዋህው ክትሰጋገር ዘመልክት እዩ ።  ቻይና ነቲ ሕጂ ዘለዋ ቅዋም ብ4 ታሕሳስ 1982 ኣጽዲቓቶ ። እቲ ኣብ 1989 ኣብ ኣደባባይ ቲያንመንን ዝተኻየደ ተቓውሞ ተማሃሮ ዝካየድ ዓመጽ ዝመልኦ ምትእትታው ፡ ካብ ዝተፈላለያ ሃገራት ዓለም ኣብ ልዕሊ መንግስቲ ቻይና ኩነኔን እገዳን ከም ዝፍጸም ገይሩ። ኣብ 1990ታት ጂያንግ ዘሚን ፣ ሊ ፔንግን ዙ ሮንግጂን ነታ ሃገር መሪሖምዋ። ኣብ ትሕቲ ምሕደራኦም ቁጠባዊ ኣፈፃፅማ ቻይና ኣስታት 150 ሚልዮን ዝግመቱ ሓረስቶት ካብ ድኽነት ክወፁን ብማእኸላይ ዓመታዊ ዕብየት ሓፈሻዊ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት 11.2% ቀፃልነት ክህልዎን ኣኽኢሉ እዩ።  እታ ሃገር ብወግዒ ኣብ 2001 ኣባል ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም ኮይና፡ ኣብ 2000ታት ድማ ብመሪሕነት ሁ ጂንታኦን ቪን ሲያባኦን ልዑል ናህሪ ቁጠባዊ ዕብየት ክትዕቅብ ክኢላ። እዚ ቅልጡፍ ዕብየት ግን ንባህርያዊ ጸጋታትን ኣከባብን እታ ሃገር እውን ኣዝዩ ዝጸለወ እዩ  ከምኡ’ውን ሰፊሕ ማሕበራዊ ምዝንባል ኣስዒቡ።  ኣብ መወዳእታ 2000ታት ቁጠባዊ ቅልውላው እኳ እንተነበረ ደረጃ መነባብሮ ብቕልጡፍ ምውሳኽ ቀጺሉ ፣ ማእከላይ ፖለቲካዊ ምቁጽጻር ግን ጽኑዕ ኮይኑ ጸኒሑ። እቲ ንዓሰርተ ዓመታት ዝቐጸለ ምድላዋት ንለውጢ መሪሕነት ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ፡ ኣብ 2012 ክካየድ ተሓሲቡ ዝነበረ፡ ብውድባዊ ክርክርን ፖለቲካዊ ዕንደራን ዝተሰነየ እዩ።  ኣብ ሕዳር 2012 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ መበል 18 ሃገራዊ ጉባኤ ኮሚኒስት ሰልፊ ቻይና ቻይና፡ ሺ ጂንፒንግ ዋና ጸሓፊ ኮሚኒስት ሰልፊ ቻይና ኮይኑ ተመዚዙ ፡ ንሁ ጂንታኦ ተኪኡ ።  ኣብ ትሕቲ ሺ መንግስቲ ቻይና ነቲ ብመዋቕራዊ ዘይምርግጋእን ምዝሕሓል ዕብየትን ዝሳቐ ዝነበረ ቁጠባ ንምጽጋን ሰፊሕ ተበግሶታት ክወስድ ጀሚሩ  ብተወሳኺ ምምሕዳር ሺ-ሊ ንፖሊሲ ሓደ ቆልዓን ስርዓት ቤት ማእሰርትን ብዝምልከት ሱር በተኻዊ ጽገናታት ከምዘካየደ ኣፍሊጡ ። ቻይና ካብቲ ኣብ ደረቕ ሰሜን ዝርከብ በረኻታት ጎቢን ታክላማካንን ክሳብ ኣብ ርጥብ ዝበለ ደቡብ ዝርከብ ትሕተ - ትሮፒካዊ ኣግራብ ዝዝርጋሕ ሰፊሕን ዝተፈላለየ መልክዕ ዘለዎን እዩ ። ሰንሰለታት ኣኽራናት ሂማላያ ፣ ካራኮሩም ፣ ፓሚርን ቲያን ሻንን ንቻይና ካብ መብዛሕትኡ ክፋላት ደቡብን ማእከላይን ኤስያ ይፈልያ ። ሩባታት ያንግዘ (3ይ)ን ብጫ (6ይ)ን ፣ ኣብ ዓለም ሳልሳይን ሻድሻይን ዝዓበዩ ሩባታት ፤ ካብ ምድረበዳ ቲቤት ናብቲ ጽዑቕ ህዝቢ ዘለዎ ምብራቓዊ ገማግም ባሕሪ ይውሕዝ። ገማግም ባሕሪ ፓስፊክ ቻይና 14,500 ኪሎሜተር ንውሓት ዘለዎ ኮይኑ ብባሕሪ ቦሃይ ፣ ብጫ ፣ ምብራቕ ቻይናን ደቡብ ቻይናን ዝተኸበበ እዩ ። ካብ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክ ጀሚሩ ኣብ መንጎ ምብራቕን ምዕራብን ከም መራኸቢ ሻምብቆ ኮይኑ ዝሰርሕን መሰረት መስመር መሬት መንገዲ ሐርጭ ዝፈጠረን በረኻታት ዩራስያ ንቻይና ምስ ዶብ ካዛኪስታን ዘራኽብ መሬት ይፈጥር። ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ብስፍሓት መሬት ድሕሪ ሩስያ ካልኣይቲ ዝዓበየት ሃገር እያ ።  ብመንጽር ጠቕላላ ስፍሓት፡ ብመሰረት ትርጉም "ጠቕላላ ስፍሓት"፡ ወይ ድሕሪ ሩስያን ካናዳን ሳልሰይቲ ዝዓበየት ሃገር ወይ ድማ ድሕሪ ኣመሪካ ራብዓይቲ ዝዓበየት ሃገር እያ ።  ጠቕላላ ስፍሓት ቻይና መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ከባቢ 9,600,000 ኪ.ሜ ² ተባሂሉ ይወሃብ ።  ፍሉይ ቁጽሪ ስፍሓት መሬት ኣብ መንጎ 9,572,900 ኪ.ሜ )''CIA World Factbook''(²ከምኡ’ውን 9,596,961 ኪ.ሜ(ዓመታዊ ጸብጻብ ዲሞግራፊ ሕቡራት ሃገራት)²9,596,961 ኪ.ሜ)፣''Encyclopædia Britannica''(² ዶብ መሬት ቻይና፤ ንውሓት 22,117 ኪ.ሜ ፡ ካብ ኣፍ ሩባ ያሉ ክሳብ ወሽመጥ ቶንኪን ዝዝርጋሕ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝነውሐ ጠቕላላ መሬታዊ ዶብ እዩ።  ቻይና፤ ብዘይካ እታ ምስ 14 ዝተፈላለያ ሃገራትን ብተመሳሳሊ ቁጽሪ ሃገራትን ዶብ ዘለዋ ሩስያ፡ ኣብ ዓለም ብብዝሒ ናይ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ዶባት እትካፈል ሃገር እያ።  ቻይና ንመብዛሕትኡ ምብራቕ ኤስያ ትሽፍንን ምስ: ቬትናም ፣ ላኦስን ሚያንማርን (በርማ) ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ኤስያ ዶባት ትካፈል ፤ ህንዲ ፣ ቡታን ፣ ኔፓል ፣ ኣፍጋኒስታንን ፓኪስታንን ኣብ ደቡብ ኤስያ ፤  ታጂኪስታን ፣ ኪርጊስታንን ካዛኪስታንን ኣብ ማእከላይ ኤስያ ፤ ሩስያ ፣ ሞንጎልያን ሰሜን ኮርያን ኣብ ማእከላይን ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕን ኤስያ . ቻይና ምስ ደቡብ ኮርያ ፣ ጃፓን ፣ ቬትናምን ፊሊፒንስን ’ ውን ዶባት ባሕሪ ትካፈል ። መሬት ቻይና ኣብ መንጎ ላቲቱድ 18° ን 54°ን ሰሜንን ሎንጊቱድ 73° ን 135°ን ምብራቕን ይርከብ ። ዝተፈላለየ መሬት ቻይና ኣዝዩ ዝተፈላለየ እዩ። ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ብጫ ባሕርን ምብራቓዊ ባሕሪ ቻይናን ብሸነኽ ምብራቕ ሰፊሕን ጽዑቕ ህዝቢ ዘለዎን ኣሉቭያል ቆላታት ; ኣብ ወሰን ምድረበዳ ውሽጣዊ ሞንጎልያ ብሰሜን ሰፊሕ ሳዕሪ ዝበዝሖ ቦታታት ኣሎ። ደቡባዊ ቻይና ብጎቦታትን ትሑት ሰንሰለታት ኣኽራንን ዝዕብለል ክኸውን ከሎ፡ ኣብ ማእከላይ ምብራቕ ድማ ደልታታት ብጫ ሩባን ሩባ ያንግዘን ኣለዉ፡ እዚኦም ድማ ክልተ ዝዓበዩ ሩባታት ቻይና ዝቖሙ እዮም ። ሺ ፣ ሜኮንግ ፣ ብራህማፑትራን ኣሙርን ፤​ ካብቶም ብቻይና ዝውሕዙ ካልኦት ኣገደስቲ ሩባታት እዩ። ኣብ ምዕራብ ብፍላይ ድማ ኣኽራናት ሂማላያ ዓበይቲ ሰንሰለታት ኣኽራን ኣለዉ። ኣብ መንጎ እቶም ኣብ ሰሜን ዝርከቡ ደረቕ ቅርጺ መሬት ከም ታክላማካንን ጎቢን ዝኣመሰሉ ልዑል ምድረበዳታት ኣለዉ ። ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝለዓለ ነጥቢ ዝኾነ እምባ ኤቨረስት (8,848m) ኣብ ዶብ ቻይናን ኔፓልን ይርከብ።  እቲ ዝወሓደ ነጥቢ ኣብ ቻይናን ሳልሳይ ዝወሓደ ነጥቢ ኣብ ምድሪን እቲ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ዝነቐጸ ዓራት ቀላይ ቀላይ ዓይዲንግ ኣብ ተፋሰስ ተርፋን (-154m) እዩ። === ክሊማ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ክሊማ ቻይና ብቐንዱ ደረቕ ወቕትን ርስሓት ዘለዎ ሞንሱንን ዝቖመ ኢዩ ; እዚ ድማ ኣብ መንጎ ክረምትን ሓጋይን ርኡይ ፍልልይ ሙቐት የስዕብ። ኣብ እዋን ክረምቲ ካብ ልዑል ላቲቱድ ዘለዎም ከባቢታት ዝነፍሱ ንፋሳት ሰሜን ዝሑላትን ደረቕን እዮም፤ ኣብ እዋን ሓጋይ፡ ካብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ኣብ ታሕተዋይ ላቲቱድ ዚነፍስ ደቡባዊ ንፋሳት ውዑይን ርጥብን እዩ።  ብሰንኪ እቲ ኣዝዩ ዝተሓላለኸ መልክዓ-ምድሪ እታ ሃገር ፡ ክሊማ ቻይና ካብ ዞባ ናብ ዞባ ይፈላለ እዩ። እቲ እናወሰኸ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ዝርገሐ በረኻታት ብፍላይ ድማ ምድረበዳ ጎቢ ፣ ሓደ ካብቶም ቀንዲ ጸገማት ከባቢ ቻይና እዩ።  ካብ 1970ታት ጀሚሩ ዝተተኽሉ መስመራት መከላኸሊ ኣግራብ ንብዝሒ ህቦብላታት ሑጻ እኳ እንተቐነሱ ፣ ንነዊሕ እዋን ዝጸንሐ ድርቅን ጎዳኢ ሕርሻዊ ኣሰራርሓታትን ሰሜናዊ ቻይና ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ጽድያ ህቦብላ ሓመድ ከምዘጋጥማ ገይሩ እዩ። እዞም ህቦብላታት፤ ናብ ካልኦት ክፋላት ምብራቕ ኤስያ እውን ይዝርጋሕ፣ እንተላይ ናብ ኮርያን ጃፓንን ይዝርጋሕ። ኣብ 2007፡ ቻይናዊ ተቖጻጻሪ ኣከባቢ ሚኒስትሪ ሓለዋ ከባቢ፡ ቻይና ኣብ ዓመት 4000 ኪ.ሜ ² ስፍሓት ብሰንኪ ምድረበዳነት ከም እትስእን ገሊጹ ነይሩ ።  ጽሬት ማይ ፡ ምፍራስ መሬትን ምቁጽጻር ብከላን ኣብ ውሽጢ ቻይና ምስ ካልኦት ሃገራት ዘለዋ ርክብ ርኡይ ጸገማት ኣስዒቡ እዩ። ኣብ ኣኽራናት ሂማላያ ዝርከቡ በረድ ምቕላጥ ንኣማኢት ሚልዮናት ሰባት ሕጽረት ማይ ከስዕብ ይኽእል ’ ዩ ። === ብዙሕነት ህይወት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቻይናውያን፤ ኣብ ክልቲኡ ዞባታት ፓለኣርክቲክን ኢንዶማላይን ዝርከብ ባዮጂኦግራፊያዊ ዞባታት , ብመንጽር ብዙሕነት ህይወት ካብ ዝሃብተማ ሃገራት ዓለም ሓንቲ እያ ።  ብሓደ መለክዒ፡ ኣብ ቻይና ልዕሊ 34,687 ዓይነታት እንስሳታትን ቫስኩላር ተኽልታትን ኣለዉ፤ ስለዚ ፡ ብብዙሕነት ህይወት ኣብ ዓለም ድሕሪ ብራዚልን ኮሎምብያን ሳልሰይቲ ሃብታም ሃገር እያ ።  እታ ሃገር ብ11 ሰነ 1992 ንውዕል ብዙሕነት ስነ-ህይወት ፈሪማ ፣ ድሕሪኡ ድማ ብ5 ጥሪ 1993 ኣባል ናይቲ ውዕል ኮይና።  ድሒሩ ሃገራዊ ስትራተጂን ውጥን ስራሕን ብዙሕነት ህይወት ኣዳልዩ፣ ኣብቲ ውዕል ብ21 መስከረም 2010 ምምሕያሽ ኣካይዱ ። ቻይናውያን፤ ብውሑዱ 551 ዓይነታት መጥበውቲ (ኣብ ምድሪ ሳልሳይ ዝለዓለ ቁጽሪ)፣  ከምኡ’ውን 333 ዓይነታት ማይን ምድርን (ሻብዓይ)424 ዓይነታት ተመን (ሻብዓይ)1,221 ዓይነታት ኣዕዋፍ (ሻሙናይ)፣ ምስቲ ኣብ ምድሪ ዝበዝሐ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ''ሆሞ ሳፒየንስ'' መነባብሮኦም ይካፈሉ፣ ብዓቢ ጸቕጢ ድማ ይርከቡ። ብውሑዱ 840 ዓይነታት እንስሳታት ኣብ ቻይና ኣብ ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ፡ ተቓላዕቲ ወይ ኣብ ከባቢኦም ናይ ምጥፋእ ሓደጋ ይርከቡ፡ እዚ ድማ ብቐንዱ ብሰንኪ ንጥፈታት ደቂ ሰባት ከም ምዕናው መነባብሮ፡ ብከላ ከባቢ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሃድን መግቢ፡ ጸጉሪ ወይ ባህላዊ ቀመማት ሕክምና ቻይና ዝኣመሰሉ እዮም ።  ኣብ ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ እንስሳ ዘገዳም ብሕጊ ይሕለዉ፣ ክሳብ 2005 ድማ 2,349 ዕቑር ተፈጥሮ ነይሮም፣ እዚ ድማ ብጠቕላላ 149.95 ሚልዮን ሄክታር ዝሽፍን እዩ፣ እዚ ድማ 15% ካብ ጠቕላላ ስፍሓት መሬት ቻይና እዩ። ቻይና ልዕሊ 32,000 ዓይነታት ቫስኩላር ተኽልታት  ዘለዋ ኮይና ዝተፈላለዩ ዓይነታት ኣግራብ ዝነብሩላ እያ። ዝሑላትን ቆጽሊ ዝበዝሖምን ኣግራብ ኣብ ሰሜን እታ ሃገር ዓብላሊ ኮይኖም፡ ከም ሞስን ጸሊም ድቢ ኤስያን ዝኣመሰሉ ዓይነታት እንስሳታት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ንልዕሊ 120 ዓይነታት ኣዕዋፍ ይድግፉ ።  እቶም ፒንሰር ናይ ርጥብ ዝበለ ጫካታት ቆጽሊ ቆጽሊ ባምቡላ ከጠቓልሉ ይኽእሉ። ኣብ ዝለዓለ ቁመት ዘለዎ ከባቢታት ጁኒፐርን ዩን ኣብ ክንዲ ባምቡላ ሮዶዴንድሮን ክርከብ ይኽእል። ኣብ ማእከላይን ደቡባውን ቻይና ዓብላሊ ዝኾኑ ትሕተ-ትሮፒካዊ ኣግራብ ክሳብ 146,000 ዓይነታት ዕንባባታት ይድግፉ።  ትሮፒካውን ወቕታውን ኣግራብ ኣብ ዩናንን ደሴት ሃይናንን ዝተሓጽረ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ቻይና ግን ርብዒ ካብ ኩሎም ዓይነታት እንስሳታትን ተኽልታትን ዝሓዙ እዮም።  ኣብ ቻይና ልዕሊ 10,000 ዓይነታት ፋንጋስ ተመዝጊቦም ኣለዉ፤ ካብዚኦም ዳርጋ 6,000 ዝለዓለ ፋንጋስ ’ ዮም ። === ጸገማት ከባቢ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ከምኡውን ርአ ፡ ጸዓት ኣብ ቻይና ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ቻይና ብኸቢድ ምብስባስ ከባብን ብከላን ተሳቒያ እያ .  ዋላ እኳ ብመሰረት ሕጊ ሓለዋ ከባቢ 1979 ዝቐርቡ ደንብታት ተሪር እንተኾኑ፡ ብቐጻሊ ብማሕበረሰባት ከባብን ሰበስልጣን መንግስትን ንቁጠባዊ ዕብየት ዝድግፉ ዕሽሽ ስለዝበሃሉ ግን ብሕማቕ ተግባራዊነት ኣለዎም። ቻይና ድሕሪ ህንዲ ብሰንኪ ብከላ ኣየር ዝለዓለ መጠን ሞት ኣብ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ትርከብ ። ንብከላ ኣየር ከባቢ ብምቅላዕ ዝመጽእ ሞት ኣስታት 1 ሚልዮን ኣሎ።  ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ዝለዓለ CO ₂ ትፍኑ እኳ እንተኾነት ፣  ንነፍሲ ​​ወከፍ ሰብ 8 ቶን CO ₂ ጥራይ ዘለዋ ፣ ኣሜሪካ (16.1)፣ ኣውስትራልያ (16.8)ን ደቡብ ኮርያን ካብ ምዕቡላት ሃገራት ኣዝዩ ዝተሓተ እዩ። ከም (13.6) ዝኣመሰሉ። ብከላ ኣየር ከተማታት ብደረጃ ሃገር ከቢድ ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም የስዕብ፤ ብመሰረት ግምት ባንኪ ዓለም 2013 ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዋ 20 ብከላ ከተማታት እተን 16 ኣብ ቻይና እየን ዝርከባ።  ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየት ካርቦን ዳይኦክሳይድ እትልእኽ ሃገር እያ ።  እታ ሃገር ዓበይቲ ጸገማት ብከላ ማይ እውን ኣለዋ : ኣብ መወዳእታ 2011 40% ሩባታት ቻይና ብኢንዱስትርያውን ሕርሻውን ጎሓፍ ተበኪሎም ነይሮም።  ኣብ 2014 ኣብ ቻይና ንነፍሲ ​​ወከፍ ሰብ ዘቤታዊ ሃብቲ ጽሩይ ማይ ናብ 2,062 ሜ ³ ወሪዱ ፤ ብተወሳኺ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም እቲ ቁጽሪ 5,920 ሜ ³ ክኸውን ከሎ ፡ ኣብ ቆላ ሰሜን ቻይና ግን ትሕቲ 500 ሜ ³ እዩ ነይሩ ። እዚኦም እናሃለዉ ቻይና ኣብ ዓለምና ኣብ ተሓዳሲ ጸዓትን ንግዳዊ ምግባርን ቀዳመይቲ ኣውፋሪት እያ ፤ ኣብ 2011 ዓ.ም ጥራሕ 52 ሚልዮን ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ኣብ ተሓዳሲ ፀዓት ወፍሪ ተገይሩ እዩ።  ቀንዲ ኣፍራዪ ቴክኖሎጂታት ተሓዳሲ ጸዓት ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ዓዲ ንዝካየዱ ፕሮጀክትታት ተሓዳሲ ጸዓት ብኸቢድ እገዳ ይገብር።  ኣብ 2015 ኣብ ቻይና 24% ጸዓት ካብ ተሓዳሲ ምንጭታት እዩ ነይሩ። ካብዞም ምንጭታት እቲ ዝበዝሐ ዝውቱር ሓይሊ ሃይድሮኤሌክትሪክ እዩ : ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየት ኣፍራዪት ሓይሊ ኤሌክትሪክ ሃይድሮኤሌክትሪክ እያ: ጠቕላላ ዝተተኽለ ዓቕሚ 197 GW .  ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየ ዝተተኽለ ስርዓታት ጸሓያዊ ፎቶቮልቴክን ንፋስ ጸዓትን እውን ኣለዋ። ኣብ 2011 መንግስቲ ቻይና ኣብ ውሽጢ ዓሰርተ ዓመት ኣርባዕተ ትሪልዮን ዩዋን (619 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ) ኣብ ትሕተ ቅርጺ ማይን ፕሮጀክትታት ምጽራይ ጨውን ወፍሪ ክገብርን፡ ክሳብ 2020 ድማ ህንጸት ስርዓተ ምክልኻል ውሕጅን ረድኤት ድርቂን ክዛዝም መደብ ከምዘለዎ ኣፍሊጡ ነይሩ።  ኣብ 2013 ቻይና ብፍላይ ኣብ ሰሜን እታ ሃገር ብ277 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ ዝግመት ተበግሶ ምንካይ ብከላ ኣየር ጀሚራ። == ፖለቲካ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ፖለቲካ ኣብ ቻይና {| class="wikitable" | | |- |ሺ ጂንፒንግ <small>ዋና ጸሓፍን</small> <small>ፕረዚደንትን ...</small> |<small>ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር</small> ሊ ቺያንግ |} ብመሰረት ቅዋም ቻይና ፡ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና፤ "ኣብ ትሕቲ መሪሕነት ደርቢ ሸቃሎን ዲሞክራስያዊ ምልካዊ ስርዓት ህዝብን ኣብ ምሕዝነት ሸቃሎን ሓረስቶትን ዝተመስረተት ሶሻሊስታዊት ሃገር እያ፤" መንግስታዊ ኣካላት " መትከላት ደሞክራስያዊ ማእከላይነት ይትግበሩ ።"  ቻይና ሓንቲ ካብተን ኣብ ዓለምና ንኮሚኒዝም ብግልጺ ዝድግፋ ሶሻሊስታዊ መንግስታት እያ ። ኣብ ብዙሕ መዳያት  ፣ ብፍላይ ኣብ ናጻ ምብጻሕ ኢንተርነት ፣ ናጽነት ፕረስ ፣ ናጽነት ምእካብን ሰልፍን ፣ መሰል ምውላድ ፣ ናጻ ምቛም ማሕበራዊ ውዳበታት ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ናጽነት ሃይማኖት ከቢድ ገደባት እኳ እንተሃለወ ቻይናውያን መንግስቲ ሓንሳብ ኮሚኒስትን ሶሻሊስትን እዩ፣ ሓንሳብ ድማ ምልካውን ትካላትን ተባሂሉ እውን ተገሊጹ .  ህሉው ፖለቲካዊ፣ ስነ-ሓሳባውን ቁጠባውን ስርዓታት፤ ብመራሕቲ ቻይና " ህዝባዊ ደሞክራስያዊ ምልካዊ ስርዓት "፣ " ሶሻሊዝም ምስ ቻይናዊ ክብርታት " (i.e. ምትዕጽጻፍ ማርክስነት ምስ ኩነታት ቻይና)፣ ከምኡ'ውን " ሶሻሊስታዊ ዕዳጋ ቁጠባ " ተባሂሉ ተገሊጹ ኣሎ። === ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ቻይና [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቅዋም ቻይና ፤ እታ ሃገር " ብመሪሕነት ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ቻይና (CCP)" ከም እትመሓደር ይገልጽ።  ቻይና ''ብጭቡጥ'' ናይ ሓደ ሰልፊ ስርዓት ስለ ዝኾነት ፡ ዋና ጸሓፊ ( መራሒ ሰልፊ ) ኣብ ልዕሊ መንግስትን መንግስትን ናይ መወዳእታ ስልጣን ኣለዎ ፡ ከም ላዕለዋይ መራሒ ድማ ይሰርሕ ።  ስርዓት ምርጫ ፒራሚዳዊ እዩ። ከባብያዊ ህዝባዊ ጉባኤታት ብቐጥታ ይምረጹ ፤ እቶም ላዕለዎት ደረጃታት ህዝባዊ ጉባኤታት ፡ ክሳብ ሃገራዊ ህዝባዊ ጉባኤ (NCP) ፡ ብተዘዋዋሪ መንገዲ ብኣባላት ህዝባዊ ጉባኤ ኣብቲ ብቕጽበት ትሕቲኡ ዘሎ ደረጃ ይምረጹ ።  እዚ ሕጂ ዘሎ ፖለቲካዊ ስርዓት ዘይተማእከለ ኮይኑ፡ ብደረጃ ግዝኣታትን ንኡሳን ግዝኣታትን ዝርከቡ መራሕቲ ድማ ዓቢ ደረጃ ርእሰ-ምሕደራ ኣለዎም።  ካልኦት ሸሞንተ ፖለቲካዊ ውድባት ኣብ NPCን ኣብ ፖለቲካዊ ኣማኻሪ ህዝባዊ ዋዕላ ቻይናን (CPPCC) ወከልቲ ኣለወን ።  ​​ቻይና ንለኒናዊ መትከል " ደሞክራስያዊ ማእከላይነት " ትድግፍ ፣  ሃገራዊ ህዝባዊ ጉባኤታታ ግን " ልዕለ-ኖታርያል " ዝበሃል ኣካል ተባሂሎም ተነቒፎም እዮም ። === መንግስቲ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ መንግስቲ ቻይና ፕረዚደንት ቻይና ርእሰ ምምሕዳር ሃገር ኮይኑ ፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ሃገራዊ ህዝባዊ ኮንግረስ ከም ስነ-ስርዓት ስእሊ ኮይኑ የገልግል። ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ቻይና ሓላፊ መንግስቲ ኮይኑ ፡ ኣቦ መንበር ቤት ምኽሪ መንግስቲ ኮይኑ፡ ኣርባዕተ ምክትላት ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተራትን ሓለፍቲ ክልቲኡ ሚኒስትሪታትን ኮሚሽናትን ዝሓቖፈ ’ ዩ ። ኣብዚ ሕዚ እዋን መራሒ ሃገር፤ ሺ ጂንፒንግ ፡ ዋና ጸሓፊ ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ቻይናን ኣቦ መንበር ማእከላይ ወተሃደራዊ ኮሚሽንን ኮይኑ እውን ዘገልገለ ፤ በዚ ኸኣ ሺ ላዕለዋይ መራሒ ቻይና ’ ዩ ።  ናይ ሕጂ ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር እንተኾይኑ፤ ሊ ቺያንግ ፡ ላዕለዋይ ኣባል ናይቲ ''ብጭቡጥ'' ላዕለዋይ ውሳነ ዝህብ ኣካል ቻይና ዝቖመ ኮሚኒስት ፓርቲ ቻይና ፖሊትቢሮ ፈጻሚት ሽማግለ እውን እዩ ። ብደረጃ ዓድን ከተማን ክፉት፣ ተወዳዳሪ ምርጫ ብምክያድ ናብ ፖለቲካዊ ሊበራላይዜሽን ዝወስድ ገለ ስጉምትታት ተወሰደ።  እቲ ሰልፊ ኣብ ልዕሊ ሽመት መንግስቲ ጥራይ እዩ ብጭቡጥ ስልጣን ዘለዎ: ብዘይ ውጽኢታዊ ተቓዋሚ: ሲሲፒ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብነባሪ ይዕወት። ኣብ መንጎ ሃብታማትን ድኻታትን እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ክፍተት ከምኡ’ውን ብልሽውና መንግስቲ ካብቶም ቀንዲ ፖለቲካዊ ስክፍታታት ቻይና እዮም።  እዚ እናሃለወ፡ ደረጃ ህዝባዊ ደገፍ ንመንግስትን ምምሕዳር ክልሉን ልዑል እዩ፤ ብመሰረት ኣብ 2011 ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ፡ ካብ 80-95% ዜጋታት ቻይና ብማእከላይ መንግስቲ ዕጉባት ምዃኖም ገሊጾም። === ምምሕዳራዊ ኣቃውማ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፋት: ምምሕዳራዊ ክፍልታት ቻይና , ኣውራጃታት ሆንግ ኮንግ , ከምኡውን ንኡሳን ኣውራጃታት ማካው ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና፡ 22 ኣውራጃታት ፤ ሓሙሽተ ርእሰ-ምምሕዳር ዘለወን ዞባታት ነፍሲ ወከፈን ኣብ ውሑዳት ጉጅለ ዝተመደባ ; ኣርባዕተ ብቐጥታ ዝመሓደራ ከተማታት ; ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ክልተ ፍሉያት ምምሕዳራዊ ዞባታት (SARs) ተኸፋፊሉ ዓቢ ደረጃ ፖለቲካዊ ርእሰ-ምሕደራ ዘለዎ . እዞም ኩሎም ክፋላት ብዘይካ ሆንግ ኮንግን ማካውን SARs ብሓባር " መሬት ቻይና " ተባሂሎም ይፍለጡ ። ምምሕዳራዊ ምክፍፋላት መሬት ቻይና ኣብ ሽዱሽተ ፍሉያት ዞባታት ክምደቡ ይኽእሉ ፡ ሰሜናዊ ቻይና ፡ ሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ቻይና ፡ ምብራቓዊ ቻይና ፡ ደቡባዊ ማእከላይ ቻይና ፡ ደቡባዊ ምዕራብ ቻይና ፡ ከምኡ'ውን ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ቻይና ። ቻይና ታይዋን መበል 23 ኣውራጃኣ እያ ትብል ; ታይዋን ግና ኣብ ትሕቲ ምሕደራ ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና እያ ዘላ፡ ንሳ ንመሬታዊ ጠለባት ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ትነጽግ።  እታ ንኹሉ መሬት ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና እትሓትት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና፡ ኣብ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ንዝኾነ ምምሕዳራዊ ምክፍፋላት ኣፍልጦ ኣይትህብን። {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="5" |<center>ኣውራጃታት ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 省)</center> !<center>''ዝተሓተተ መንግስቲ''</center> |- | * ኣንሁይ ( ቻይናዊ : 安徽省) * ቺንግሃይ ( ቻይናዊ : 青海省) * ፉጂያን ( Çince :  ኣውራጃ ፉጂያን ) . * ጉዋንዶንግ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 广东省) * ጉይዝሆው ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 贵州省) | * ሃይናን ( Çince :  ኣውራጃ ሃይናን ) . * ሄበይ ( ቻይናዊ : 河北省) * ሄይሎንግጂያንግ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 黑龙江省) * ሄናን ( Çince :  ኣውራጃ ሄናን ) . * ሁበይ ( ቻይናዊ : 湖北省) | * ሁናን ( ቻይናዊ : 湖南省) * ጂያንግሱ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ :  jiangsu省) * ጂያንግሲ ( Çince :  ኣውራጃ ጂያንግሲ ) . * ጂሊን ( ቻይናዊ : 吉林省) * ካንሱ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 甘肃省) | * ልያኦኒንግ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 辽宁省) * ሲቹዋን ( ቻይናዊ : 四川省) * ሻንሲ ( ቻይናዊ : 山西省) * ሻንቱንግ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 山东省) * ሸንሲ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 陕西省) | * ዩናን ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 云南省) * ዠጂያንግ ( Çince :  ኣውራጃ ዠጂያንግ ) . | * ''ታይዋን'' ( Simplified Chinese : ''台湾省'')ኣብ ትሕቲ ምሕደራ ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና |- ! colspan="2" |<center>ርእሰ-ምምሕዳር ዘለወን ዞባታት ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 自治区)</center> ! colspan="2" |<center>ብቐጥታ ዝመሓደራ ከተማታት ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 直辖市)</center> ! colspan="2" |<center>ፍሉያት ምምሕዳራዊ  ዞባታት</center> |- | colspan="2" | * ጉዋንሲ * ውሽጣዊ ሞንጎልያ / ''ነይ መንጉ'' ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 内蒙古自治区) * ኒንግክስያ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 宁夏回族论旅区) * ዚንጂያንግ * ቲቤት / ዚዛንግ | colspan="2" | * ቤጂንግ ( ቻይናዊ : 北京市) * ቾንግቺንግ ( ዝተቐለለ ቻይናዊ : 重庆市) * ሻንጋይ ( ቻይናዊ : 上海市) * ቲየንሲን ( Çince :  ከተማ ቲያንጂን ) . | colspan="2" | * ሆንግ ኮንግ / ሺያንጋንግ * ማካኦ / ማካኦ |} === ርክባት ወጻኢ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ዝምድና ወጻኢ ቻይና ፒ.ኣር.ሲ ምስ 175 ሃገራት ዲፕሎማስያዊ ዝምድና ዘለዎ ኮይኑ ኣብ 162 ሃገራት ኤምባሲታት የካይድ ። ሕጋውነት እታ ሃገር ብሪፓብሊክ ቻይናን ገለ ካልኦት ሃገራትን ይንጸግ፤ ስለዚ ፡ ካብተን ውሱን ኣፍልጦ ዘለወን ግዝኣታት እታ ዝዓበየትን ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዘለዋን ግዝኣታት እያ . ኣብ 1971 ፒ.ኣር.ሲ ንሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ኣብ ሕቡራት ሃገራትን ሓንቲ ካብተን ሓሙሽተ ቀወምቲ ኣባላት ባይቶ ጸጥታ ሕቡራት ሃገራትን ብሕታዊት ወኪል ሃገር ቻይና ተኪኣታ ።  ቻይና እውን ኣባልን መራሒትን ምንቅስቓስ ዘይተሰለፋ ነበር ኮይና ክሳብ ሕጂ ንነብሳ ከም ወኪል ዝማዕበላ ሃገራት ትቖጽራ ኣላ ።  ቻይና፤ ብራዚል ኣባል ናይቲ ምስ ሩስያ፡ ህንዲን ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃን ብምዃን ዓበይቲ ዝማዕበላ ቁጠባታት ዝሓቖፈ ጉጅለ ብሪክስ ኮይና ፡ ኣብ ሚያዝያ 2011 ንሳልሳይ ወግዓዊ ዋዕላ ናይቲ ጉጅለ ኣብ ሃይናን - ሳንያ ኣአንጊዳ ። ብመሰረት ትርጉም ፖሊሲ ሓንቲ ቻይና ፡ ቤጂንግ እታ ሃገር ነቲ ፒ.ኣር.ሲ. ሰበስልጣን ቻይና ብዙሕ ግዜ ናይ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ናብ ታይዋን ዲፕሎማስያዊ ምልክታት ክገብራ ከለዋ ብፍላይ ድማ ብዛዕባ መሸጣ ኣጽዋር ተቓውሞኦም የስምዑ ነይሮም ብመሰረት ተመራመርቲ፡ ብዙሓት ባእታታት ናይዚ ሕጂ ዘለዋ ፖሊሲ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ፡ ኣብቲ ብቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ዞው ኤንላይ ዝተዳለወ ሓሙሽተ መትከላት ሰላማዊ ሓባራዊ ህይወት ዝተመርኮሰ እዩ ፤ ብተወሳኺ "ስኒት ብዘይ ውህደት" ዝብል ኣምር ዝተቐረጸ ኮይኑ፡ ዋላ'ኳ ስነ-ሓሳባዊ ፍልልያት እንተሃለወ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ሃገራት ዝምድናታት ክቕጽል ይጣበቕ።  እዚ ፖሊሲ እዚ፤ ቻይና ምዕራባውያን ሃገራት ከም ሓደገኛታት ወይ ጨቆንቲ ዝቖጽርወን ሃገራት ከም ዚምባብወ ፣ ሰሜን ኮርያን ኢራንን ክትድግፍ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ ።  ቻይና ምስ ሩስያ ጥቡቕ ቁጠባውን ወተሃደራውን ዝምድናታት ኣለዋ፣  ክልቲአን ሃገራት ድማ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ኣብ ባይቶ ጸጥታ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ብተመሳሳሊ መንገዲ ከም ነንሕድሕደን ድምጺ ኣለዋ። ==== ንግዳዊ ዝምድናታት [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . ==== ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ቻይና ምስ ጎረባብታ ኤስያ-ፓሲፊክ ናጻ ዞባታት ንግድን ውዕላት ጸጥታን ክምስረት ኣብ ምጽዋዕ ዝዓበየ ተራ ተጻዊታ ። ቻይና ብ11 ታሕሳስ 2001 ኣባል ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም ኮይና ። ኣብ 2004 ድማ፡ እቲ ፍጹም ሓድሽ ማዕቀፍ ዋዕላ ምብራቕ ኤስያ (DAZ) ከም መድረኽ ዞባዊ ጉዳያት ጸጥታ ክቐውም ሓሳብ ኣቕሪቡ ።  ASEAN Plus Three , ህንዲ፡ ኣውስትራልያን ኒውዚላንድን ዘጠቓለለ ዳዝ፡ ኣብ 2005 ናይ መጀመርታ ዋዕላኡ ኣካይዱ። ቻይና ’ ውን ምስ ሩስያን ሪፓብሊካት ማእከላይ ኤስያን ሓንቲ ካብተን መስረትቲ ኣባላት ውድብ ምትሕግጋዝ ሻንጋይ (SCO) እያ። ኮንግረስ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ ኣብ 2000 ፤ ምስ ቻይና "ቀዋሚ ንቡር ንግዳዊ ዝምድናታት" ክትምስርት ተሰማሚዓ፡ እዚ ድማ መብዛሕትኡ ሰደድ ቻይና ከምቲ ካብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ዝመጽእ ኣቑሑት ብተመሳሳሊ ትሑት ቀረጽ ናብታ ሃገር ክኣቱ ኣኽኢሉ።  ቻይና ምስታ ኣገዳሲት ዕዳጋ ሰደድ ዝኾነት ኣመሪካ ዓቢ ትርፊ ንግዲ ኣለዋ ።  ኣብ መጀመርታ 2010ታት፡ ፖለቲከኛታት ኣመሪካ ፡ ዋጋ ቻይናዊ ዩዋን ኣዝዩ ትሑት ስለዝኾነ፡ ቻይና ዘይፍትሓዊ ንግዳዊ ብልጫ ከምዘለዋ ይምጉቱ ነይሮም።  ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ቻይና ንሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ ናብ ኣንፈት ንግድን ክልተኣዊ ምትሕብባርን ናይ ምውፋር ፖሊሲ ክትክተል ጸኒሓ እያ ፤  ኣብ 2012 ጠቕላላ ዋጋ ንግዲ ቻይናን ኣፍሪቃን ልዕሊ 160 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ ነይሩ።  ቻይና ምስ ዓበይቲ ቁጠባታት ደቡብ ኣሜሪካ ዘለዋ ርክብ እውን ኣሐይላ እያ፤ ብራዚል ዝዓበየ ንግዳዊ መሻርኽቲ ካብ ምዃና ብተወሳኺ ምስ ኣርጀንቲና ስትራተጂካዊ ርክብ ኣጣይሻ እያ ። ==== ናይ መሬት ክርክር [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . ==== ከምኡ’ውን ርአ ፡ ክርክር ቻይናን ታይዋንን። '''ቻይና ዋና መሬት''' ↓ ምውራር ሚንግ ብቺንግ ↓ ሰውራ ዚንሃይ ↓ ኮሚኒስታዊ ሰውራ ሚንግ ቺንግ ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና   ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና '''ታይዋን''' ↓ ከበባ ዘላንዲያ ↓ ውግእ ፔንጉ ↓ ውዕል ሺሞኖሰኪ ↓ ኢዳ ምሃባ ጃፓን። ሆላንድ & ስጳኛ   ሚንግ (ቱንግኒንግ) ቺንግ ምምሕዳር ጃፓን ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና │ 1625 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1650 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1675 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1700 ዓ.ም │ 1725 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1750 ዓ.ም │ 1775 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1800 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1825 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1850 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1875 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1900 ዓ.ም │ 1925 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1950 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 1975 ዓ.ም.ፈ │ 2000 ዓ.ም.ፈ ፒ.ኣር.ሲ.፤ ድሕሪ ካልኣይ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ቻይና ካብ እትምስረት ኣትሒዛ ፡ ሎሚ ብተለምዶ ታይዋን ተባሂላ እትፍለጥ ፍልይቲ ፖለቲካዊት ኣካል ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ፡ ኣብ ትሕቲ ምምሕዳር ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ዝርከቡ መሬታት ናይ ፒ.ኣር.ሲ ምዃኖምን ኣብዞም መሬታት መሬት ይሓቱን ኢላ። ደሴት ታይዋን ክሳብ ኣውራጃ ታይዋን ፤ ኪንመን ናብ ኣውራጃ ፉጂያን ማትሱ ; ከምኡ’ውን ኣብ ባሕሪ ደቡባዊ ቻይና ኣብ ትሕቲ ምምሕዳር ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ዝርከባ ደሴታት ናይ ኣውራጃታት ሃይናንን ጉዋንዶንግን ምዃነን ይግምት። ፖሊሲ ሓንቲ ቻይና ካብቶም ኣገደስቲ ዲፕሎማስያዊ መትከላት ፒ.ኣር.ሲ እኳ እንተኾነ ፡ እዞም ግዝኣታዊ ጠለባት ብሰንኪ ዝተሓላለኸ ዝምድናታት ቻይናን ታይዋንን ኣዝዮም ኣካታዕቲ እዮም። ቻይና ካብ ታይዋን ወጻኢ ካልእ ግዝኣታዊ ክርክር ኣለዋ። ቻይና ካብ 1990ታት ጀሚራ ምስ ህንዲ ዘለዋ ዶባዊ ምስሕሓብን ምስ ቡታን ዘለዋ ዘይተወሰነ ዶባትን ሓዊሱ ዝተፈላለዩ ናይ ዶባት ዘይምርድዳእ ንምፍታሕ ኣብ ድርድር ተጸሚዳ ኣላ ። ቻይና ኣብ ምብራቓውን ደቡብን ባሕሪ ቻይና ዝርከባ ዝተፈላለያ ንኣሽቱ ደሴታት ከም ደሴታት ሰንካኩን ስካርቦሮ ሳንድ ባንክን ዝኣመሰላ ኣየነይቲ ሃገር ትውንን ኣብ ዝብል ብዙሕ ሃገራት ክርክር ኣለዋ።  ብዕለት 21 ግንቦት 2014፡ ሺ ጂንፒንግ፤ ኣብ ሻንጋይ ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ዋዕላ ኣብ ዝሃቦ መደረ፡ ቻይናዊ ግዝኣታዊ ዘይምርድዳእ ብሰላማዊ መንገዲ ንምፍታሕ ቃል ኣትዩ፡ "ቻይና ምስ ካልኦት ሃገራት ብዛዕባ ግዝኣታዊ ልኡላውነትን መሰላትን ረብሓታትን ባሕርን ዘለዋ ዘይምርድዳእ ብሰላማዊ መንገዲ ንምፍታሕ ቃል ኣትያ ኣላ"። ኣብ 2012 ምስ ጃፓን ብዛዕባ ደሴታት ሰንካኩ ( ብቋንቋ ቻይና ''Diaoyü )'' ቅልውላው ደሴታት ነይሩ ። ==== እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ኩነታት ልዕለ ሓይሊ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . ==== ቻይና ብቐጻሊ ከም ሓዳስ ልዕለ ሓያል ሃገር ክትከውን ከምእትኽእል ትግለጽ ; ቻይና ቅልጡፍ ቁጠባዊ ምዕባለ፡ እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ወተሃደራዊ ሓይሊ፡ ገዚፍ ብዝሒ ህዝብን ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ መድረኽ እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ጽልዋን ፡ ብገለ ወሃብቲ ርእይቶ ቻይና ኣብ መበል 21 ክፍለ ዘመን ኣገዳሲ ተራ ከም እትጻወት ዘርእዩ ምልክታት ኮይኖም ይረኣዩ ።  ይኹን እምበር ካልኦት ወሃብቲ ርእይቶ ምስ ምዝውዋር እዚ ክፍለ ዘመን ዕብየት ቻይና ብሰንኪ ቁጠባዊ ፍንጣጣታት ወይ ዲሞግራፊካዊ ዘይምዕሩይነት ክዝሕትል ወይ ጠቕሊሉ ደው ክብል ከምዝኽእል የጠንቅቑ።  ብተወሳኺ ገለ ጸሓፍቲ ንትርጉም "ልዕለ ሓያል ሓይሊ" ዝብል ቃል ኣብ ሕቶ ዘእትዉ ኮይኖም፡ ቻይና ዓቢ ቁጠባ ምውናን ጥራይ ልዕለ ሓያል ሃገር ንምዃን እኹል ከምዘይኮነን፡ ቻይና ድማ ተመሳሳሊ ደረጃ ወተሃደራዊ ሓይሊ ከምዘይብላን ወይ... ባህላዊ ጽልዋ ከም ኣመሪካ።ንሶም ይብሉ። === ማሕበረ-ፖለቲካዊ ጉዳያት፡ ሰብኣዊ መሰላትን ጽገናን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ከምኡ ውን ርአ: ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ኣብ ቻይና , ስርዓት ሁኮው , ማሕበራዊ ድሕነት ኣብ ቻይና , ምርጫ ኣብ ቻይና , ሳንሱር ኣብ ቻይና , ፌሚኒዝም ኣብ ቻይና, ከምኡውን Uyghur Genocide ቻይና፡ ኣብታ ሃገር ንዝነብሩ ሰባት ማሕበራዊ ምቁጽጻር ከም መሳርሒት ካሜራታት፡ ገጽ ምልላይ ሶፍትዌር፡ ሴንሰራትን ምክትታል ውልቃዊ ቴክኖሎጂን ዝሓዘ ዓቢ ናይ ስለያ መርበብ ትጥቀም።  ምንቅስቓስ ዲሞክራሲ ቻይና ፣ ማሕበራዊ ደለይቲ ፍትሕን ገለ ኣባላት ሲሲፒን ማሕበራውን ፖለቲካውን ጽገና ከምዘድሊ ይኣምኑ። ኣብ ቻይና ካብ ሰብዓታት ጀሚሩ ቁጠባውን ማሕበራውን ቁጽጽር ብዓቢኡ እኳ እንተተዛነየ ፡ ፖለቲካዊ ናጽነት ግን ክሳብ ሕጂ ብጽኑዕ ተገዲቡ ይርከብ። ኣብ ቅዋም ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና "መሰረታዊ መሰላት" ዜጋታት ናጽነት ሓሳብካ ምግላጽ ፣ ናጽነት ፕረስ ፣ መሰል ፍትሓዊ ፍርዲ ፣ ናጽነት ሃይማኖት ፣ ኣድማሳዊ መሰል ድምጺን መሰል ንብረትን የጠቓልል ። ይኹን እምበር ብተግባር እዞም ድንጋገታት ንመንግስታዊ ገበናዊ ክሲ ርኡይ ሓለዋ ኣይህቡን።  ዋላ እኳ ገለ ነቐፌታታት ፖሊሲታት መንግስትን ገዛኢ ሲሲፒን ይጽወር እንተኾነ፡ ሳንሱር ፖለቲካዊ ዘረባን ሓበሬታን፡ ብቐንዱ ኣብ ኢንተርነት  ንሓባራዊ ስጉምቲ ንምክልኻል ብቐጻሊ ይጥቀመሉ። ገለ ናይ ወጻኢ መንግስታት፡ ናይ ወጻኢ ፕረስ ትካላትን ዘይመንግስታዊ ትካላትን ንመዝገብ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ቻይና ሰፊሕ ምዃኑ ነቒፎሞ ኣለዉ ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ፍርዲ ወጻኢ ምእሳር ፡ ግዱድ ምንጻል ጥንሲ  ግዱድ ኑዛዜ ፡ ስቅያት ፡ ምድራት መሰረታዊ መሰላት  ከምኡ’ውን ካብ መጠን ንላዕሊ እዩ። ኣጠቓቕማ ናይ ሞት ፍርዲ።ንሲቪላዊ መሰላት ግህሰት ተፈጺሙ ብዝብል ነቒፎሞ።  መንግስቲ ን"ማሕበራዊ ምርግጋእ" ሓደጋ ክኸውን ዝኽእል ኮይኑ ዝረኣዮ ህዝባዊ ተቓውሞን ሰልፍታትን ይዓብጦ፣ ከም ኣብ 1989 ኣብ ኣደባባይ ቲያንመን ዝተፈጸመ ተቓውሞን ቅትለትን ። ኣብ 2005 ብሪፖርተርስ ብዘይ ዶብ ኣብ ዝተሓትመ ዓመታዊ ዓለማዊ መዐቀኒ ናጽነት ፕረስ ቻይና ካብ 167 ግዝኣታት መበል 159 ደረጃ ሒዛ፤ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ቻይና ኣዝዩ ትሑት ደረጃ ናጽነት ፕረስ ከምዘሎ ዘመልክት እዩ።  ኣብ 2014 ቻይና ካብ 180 ሃገራት መበል 175 ደረጃ ተሰሪዓ። እቶም ካብ ዓድታት ናብ ከተማታት ዝስደዱ ሰባት ብሰንኪ እቲ ንመንግስታዊ ሓገዝ ንምርካብ ዝቆጻጸር ስርዓተ ምዝገባ ስድራቤታት ''ሑኮው'' ከም ካልኣይ ደረጃ ዜጋታት ክሕሰቡ ይረኽብዎም።  መሰላት ንብረት መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብሕማቕ ይሕሎ፤  ስርዓት ግብሪ ንድኻታት ዜጋታት ብዘይመጠን ይጸልዎም።  እዚ እናሃለወ፡ ካብ 2000ታት ጀሚሩ፡ ብዙሓት ኣብ ገጠራት ዝትግበሩ ዝነበሩ ኣገባባት ግብሪ ወይ ተቐኒሶም ወይ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ተሰሪዞም፡ ኣብ ዓድታት ንዝነብሩ ድማ ተወሳኺ ማሕበራዊ ኣገልግሎታት ተዋሂቡ። ፋሉን ጎንግ ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ 1992 ኣብ ቅድሚ ህዝቢ ተማሂሩ። ኣብ 1999 ቁጽሪ ተግበርቲ ፋሉን ጎንግ 70 ሚልዮን ምስ በጽሐ  ፡ ስደት ፋሉን ጎንግ ተጀሚሩ፤ እዚ ድማ ጃምላዊ ማእሰርቲ፣ ዘይሕጋዊ ማእሰርቲን ኣብ ማእሰርቲ ስቅያትን ሞትን ዝሕብሩ ጸብጻባትን ኣስዒቡ እዩ።  መንግስቲ ቻይና፤ ኣብ ቲቤትን ዚንጂያንግን ብሰፊሕ ዓፈናን ምግሃስ ሰብኣዊ መሰላትን ብቐጻሊ ይኽሰስ ፣ እንተላይ ብዓመጽ ፖሊስ ዝፍጸም ጭፍጨፋን ሃይማኖታዊ ዓፈናን ;  ንኣብነት። ዳግመ-ትምህርቲ መዓስከራት ኣብ ዚንጂያንግ . መንግስቲ ቻይና ንናይ ወፃኢ ነቐፌታ ምላሽ ዝህብ መሰላት መነባብሮን ቁጠባዊ ምዕባለን ንኻልኦት ዓይነታት ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ቅድመ ኩነት ምዃኖምን ኣምር ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ህሉው ደረጃ ቁጠባዊ ምዕባለ ሓንቲ ሃገር ኣብ ግምት ዘእተወ ክኸውን ኣለዎ ብምባል ይምጉት።  ካብ 1970ታት ጀሚሩ ደረጃ መነባብሮ፡ መጠን ምጽሓፍን ምንባብን ምጽሓፍን ምጽሓፍን ዕድመን ከም ዝወሰኸ፡ ድሕነት ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታት ከም ዝተመሓየሸን ፡ ከም ቀጻሊ ውሕጅ ሩባ ያንግዘ ዝኣመሰሉ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ሓደጋታት ንምምካት ፈተነታት ከም ዝተገብረን የጉልሕ ።  ዋላ እኳ ኣብ ዲሞክራሲ ሰፊሕ ዓቃባዊ ኣረኣእያታት እንተሃለወ ፡ ገለ ቻይናውያን ፖለቲከኛታት ንዲሞክራስያውነት ደገፎም ገሊጾም እዮም።  ገለ ሱር በተኻዊ ጻዕርታት ጽገና ተኻይዱ እዩ፣ ንኣብነት። ኣብ ሕዳር 2013 መንግስቲ ነቲ ናይ ሓደ ቆልዓ ፖሊሲ ንምዝላልን ነቲ ብዙሕ ዝንቀፍ ዝነበረ መደብ ዳግመ ትምህርቲ ዕዮ ንምስርዝን መደብ ከምዘለዎ ኣፍሊጡ ነይሩ  እንተኾነ ግን ጉጅለታት ተጣበቕቲ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብዚ ዳሕረዋይ ጉዳይ ዝተገብረ ጽገናታት መብዛሕትኡ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ከምዝነበረ ይምጉቱ።  ኣብ ምሉእ 2000ታትን መጀመርታ 2010ታትን መንግስቲ ቻይና ነተን ንማሕበራዊ ጸገማት ግብራውን ኣድማዕን መፍትሒታት ዘቕርባ ዘይመንግስታውያን ትካላት ዝያዳ ተጻዋርነት ረኺቡ፣ እንተኾነ ግን ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ "ሳልሳይ ጽላት" ንጥፈታት ክሳብ ሕጂ ብጽኑዕ ምቁጽጻር ይግዝኡ። == ሰራዊት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ሓርነት ቻይና ኣብ ትሕቲ ትእዛዝ ማእከላይ ወተሃደራዊ ኮሚሽን ዝርከብ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊት ሓርነት (PLA) 2.3 ሚልዮን ንጡፍ ሰራዊት ዘለዎ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝዓበየ ወተሃደራዊ ሓይሊ ኣለዎ።  ፒኤልኤ፤ ሓይልታት መሬት (HKOKK) ፡ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ (HKODK) ፡ ሓይሊ ኣየር (HKOHK) ፡ ሓይልታት ሮኬት (HKORK) ከምኡ’ውን ስትራተጂካዊ ደገፍ ሓይልታት (HKOSDK) ዝሓቖፈ እዩ። ብመሰረት መረዳእታ መንግስቲ ቻይና ኣብ 2014 ወተሃደራዊ ባጀት ቻይና ብድምር 132 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ብምዃኑ ኣብ ዓለም ካልኣይ ዝዓበየ ወተሃደራዊ ባጀት ክኸውን ከሎ ፣ እንተኾነ ግን ብሚእታዊት ካብ ሓፈሻዊ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ቻይና ወተሃደራዊ ወጻኢታት ትሕቲ ማእከላይ ደረጃ ዓለም እዩ።  ይኹን እምበር ፡ ብዙሓት ሰብመዚ፡ እንተላይ ንኣህጉራዊ ትካል ምርምር ሰላም ስቶክሆልምን ቤት ጽሕፈት ጸሓፊ ምክልኻል ኣመሪካን ፡ ቻይና ጭቡጥ ወተሃደራዊ ወጻኢታታ ከምዘይትዝርግሕ ይምጉቱ፡ እቲ ሓቀኛ ቁጽሪ ድማ ካብቲ ወግዓዊ ኣሃዛት ባጀት ኣዝዩ ዝለዓለ እዩ ይብሉ። ቻይና ኣፍልጦ ዘለዋ ሃገር ኒዩክለራዊ ኣጽዋር ኮይና ፡ ከም ዓባይ ዞባዊ ወተሃደራዊ ሓይልን ክትከውን እትኽእል ወተሃደራዊ ልዕለ ሓያልን ትቑጸር።  ብመሰረት ኣብ 2013 ብሚኒስትሪ ምክልኻል ኣመሪካ ዝተሓትመ ጸብጻብ ፡ ቻይና ካብ 50-75 KABF ን ብዙሓት KMBF ን ተአንግድ ።  ይኹን እምበር ፡ ዘይከምተን ካልኦት ኣርባዕተ ኣባላት ባይቶ ጸጥታ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ፡ ዓቕማ ወተሃደራዊ ሓይሊ ናይ ምግማት ዓቕማ ቻይና ኣዝዩ ድሩት እዩ።  ነዚ ንምምካት ቻይና ካብ መጀመርታ 2000ታት ጀሚራ ሓያሎ ናይ ሓይሊ ፕሮጀክት ንብረታት ኣማዕቢላ እያ: ናይ ቻይና ናይ መጀመርታ መራኽብ ጽዕነት ነፈርቲ ኣብ 2012 ናብ ኣገልግሎት ኣትያ:  ከምኡ ውን ብኒዩክለር ዝሰርሓ ናይ መጥቃዕትን ባሊስቲክ ሚሳይልን ሳብማሪናት ዓቢ መርከብ ሳብማሪን ኣለዎ ፣ ንኣብነት...  ቻይና ኣብ ወሳኒ መስመራት ባሕሪ መርበብ ግዳማዊ ወተሃደራዊ ዝምድናታት እውን ኣጣይሻ ኣላ ። ቻይና ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ሓይሊ ኣየርኣ ዘመናዊ ኣብ ምግባር ዓብዪ ምዕባለ ኣመዝጊባ እያ፤ ከም ሱኮይ ሱ-30 ዝኣመሰላ ሩስያውያን ነፈርቲ ውግእ ካብ ምዕዳግ ብተወሳኺ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሳ ዘመናውያን ነፈርቲ ውግእ ብፍላይ ድማ ቸንግዱ ጄ-10 ን ጄ-20 ን ከምኡ’ውን ሸንያንግ ጄ-11 ፣ ጄ-15 ፣ ጄ-16 ን ጄ-31 ን እውን ኣፍርያ ነይራ .  ቻይና ኣብ ምምዕባል ናይ ገዛእ ርእሳ ስዉር ነፈርትን ብዙሓት ሰብ ኣልቦ ነፈርቲን እውን ንጡፍ እያ ።  ምዕባለታት ኣብ ኣየርን ባሕርን ዝኽሕድ ኣጽዋር ብዓይኒ ክልቲአን ጃፓንን ዋሽንግተንን ዞባዊ ስግኣታት ኣዕብዩ።  ቻይና ነቲ ዝኣረገ ንብረት ሶቭየት ብዝተፈላለዩ ፍልልያት ናይ ዘመናዊ ዓይነት 99 ታንኪ ብምትካእን ንመርበብ ማእከል ዝገበረ ናይ ውግእ ዓቕሚ ንምዕባይን C3I ን C4Iን ስርዓታት ብምምሕያሽን ንደቀባት ሓይልታታ ኣሐዲሳቶ።  ብተወሳኺ ቻይና ብዙሓት ምዕቡላት ስርዓታት ሚሳይላት ኣማዕቢላ ወይ ኣጥሪያ እያ፣ ንሳቶም ድማ ጸረ-ሳተላይት ሚሳይላት ፣  ክሩዝ ሚሳይላት፣  ከምኡ’ውን ብሳብማሪን ዝውንጨፉ ኒዩክለራዊ KABFs  ብመሰረት መረዳእታ ኣህጉራዊ ትካል ምርምር ሰላም ስቶክሆልም፡ ቻይና ካብ 2010–14 ኣብ ዓለም ሳልሰይቲ ዝዓበየት ሰደድቲ ኣጽዋር እያ ነይራ፤ እዚ ድማ ካብቲ ካብ 2005-2009 ዝነበረ እዋን ብ143 ሚእታዊት ወሰኽ ከምዘርኣየ ይፍለጥ። == ቁጠባ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፋት: ቁጠባ ቻይና , ሕርሻ ኣብ ቻይና , ከምኡውን ዝርዝር ምምሕዳራዊ ምክፍፋላት ቻይና ብGDP ቻይና ብስማዊ GDP ፣  ካልኣይቲ ዝዓበየት ቁጠባ ዓለም ኮይና ብናይ ምዕዳግ ሓይሊ ምዕሩይነት (PPP) ድማ ዝዓበየት ቁጠባ ዓለም እያ ።  ክሳብ 2021 ቻይና ብስማዊ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ሃገር ኣስታት 18% ካብ ቁጠባ ዓለም እያ።  ቻይና ሓንቲ ካብተን ብቕልጡፍ ዝዓበያ ዓበይቲ ቁጠባታት ዓለም እያ፣ ቁጠባዊ ዕብየት ብቐጻሊ ልዕሊ 6% ድሕሪ ምትእትታው ቁጠባዊ ጽገናታት ኣብ 1978 ። ብመሰረት ባንኪ ዓለም፡ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ቻይና ካብ 150 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣብ 1978 ናብ 17.73 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣብ 2021 ወሲኹ። ካብተን 500 ዝዓበያ ኩባንያታት ዓለምና ቻይና ንመብዛሕትኡ ዝሓለፉ ክልተ ሽሕ ዓመታት ሓንቲ ካብተን ዓበይቲ ቁጠባታት ዓለም እያ ነይራ ቻይና ኣብ 1978 ቁጠባዊ ጽገናታት ካብ ዝጅምር ኣትሒዛ፡ ኣዝዩ ብዙሕነት ዘለዎ ቁጠባን ኣብ ኣህጉራዊ ንግዲ ዓቢ ተዋሳኢትን ኮይና ኣላ። ተወዳዳርነት ዘለዎም ቀንዲ ዓውድታት ማኑፋክቸሪንግ፣ ችርቻሮ፣ ዕደና፣ ሓፂን፣ ዓለባ፣ መኪና፣ ምፍራይ ፀዓት፣ ሓምለዋይ ፀዓት፣ ባንኪ፣ ኤሌክትሮኒክስ፣ ቴሌኮሙኒኬሽን፣ ሪል እስቴት፣ ኢ-ኮሜርስን ቱሪዝምን እዮም። ሻንጋይ ፣ ሆንግ ኮንግን ሸንዘንን ብሓባር ኣብ ቻይና ካብ ዘለዋ ዓሰርተ ዓበይቲ ዕዳጋታት ኣክስዮን ኣለወን፣ ክሳብ ጥቅምቲ 2020 ልዕሊ 15.9 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ዕዳጋ ካፒታላይዜሽን ኣለወን።  [  ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዋ ዓሰርተ ተወዳደርቲ ፋይናንሳዊ ማእከላት ኣርባዕተ ኣለዋ፣ ሻንጋይ ፣ ሆንግ ኮንግ ፣ ቤጂንግን ሸንዘንን ፣ ካብ ዝኾነት ሃገራት ንላዕሊ ኣብ 2020 ዓለማዊ ፋይናንሳዊ ማእከላት መዐቀኒ ።  ብመሰረት ጸብጻብ ኦክስፎርድ ኢኮኖሚክስ፡ ክሳብ 2035፡ ኣርባዕተ ከተማታት ቻይና፡ ሻንጋይ፡ ቤጂንግ ፡ ጉዋንዝሆን ሸንዘንን ብመንጽር ስማዊ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ሃገር ካብተን ዓሰርተ ዝዓበያ ከተማታት ዓለም ክኾና ምዃነን ይግመት። === ቁጠባዊ ታሪኽን ዕብየትን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ኣብ 1949 ካብ እትምስረት ክሳብ መወዳእታ 1978 ብቅዲ ሕብረት ሶቭየት ብማእከላይ ትልሚ ዝተወጠነ ቁጠባ እያ ነይራ ። ድሕሪ ሞት ማኦ ኣብ 1976ን ምዝዛም ባህላዊ ሰውራን ፡ ሓድሽ መሪሕነት ቻይና ምስ ደንግ ሻኦፒንግ ቁጠባ ክጽግንን ናብ ዝያዳ ዕዳጋ ዝቐንዐ ዝተሓዋወሰ ቁጠባ ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓደ ሰልፊ ምሕደራ ክሰጋገርን ጀሚሩ። ሕርሻዊ ምትእኽኻብ ተሰሪዙ መሬት ሕርሻ ናብ ውልቀ ሰብ ክቕየር ተገይሩ፤ ንግዲ ወጻኢ ሓድሽን ኣገዳሲን ትኹረት ብምዃኑ ፍሉያት ቁጠባዊ ዞባታት ንኽምስረቱ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ ። ብቕዓት ዘይብለን ናይ መንግስቲ ኩባንያታት ዳግመ ውደባ ተገይረን፤ እተን ዘይረብሓ ዝነበራ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ተዓጽየን፣ ውጽኢቱ ድማ ብዙሓት ስራሕ ስኢነን። ናይ ሕጂ ቻይና ብቐንዱ ኣብ ዋንነት ውልቃዊ ንብረት ዝተመስረተት ቁጠባ ዕዳጋ ምዃና ትልለ  ን ሓንቲ ካብተን ፍሉጣት ኣብነታት መንግስታዊ ርእሰማላውነት እያ ።  መንግስቲ ክሳብ ሕጂ ስትራተጂካዊ "ዓንዲ" ጽላታት ከም ምፍራይ ጸዓትን ከቢድ ኢንዱስትሪን ይዕብለል ኣሎ ፣ እንተኾነ ግን ኣብ ውልቃዊ ትካላት ዓቢ ወሰኽ ተራእዩ እዩ፣ ክሳብ 2008 ኣስታት 30 ሚልዮን ናይ ብሕቲ ትካላት ተመዝጊበን። ቻይና ኣብ 1978 ቁጠባዊ ምልጋስ ካብ ዝጅምር ኣትሒዛ ፡ ካብተን ብቕልጡፍ ዝዓብያ ቁጠባታት ዓለም እያ  ብዓቢኡ ኣብ ወፍርን ብሰደድ ዝምራሕ ዕብየትን ትምርኮስ ።  ብመሰረት IMF፡ ቻይና ኣብ መንጎ 2001ን 2010ን ዝነበረ ማእከላይ ዓመታዊ ዕቤት GDP 10.5% እዩ ነይሩ። ኣብ መንጎ 2007ን 2011ን ቁጠባዊ ዕብየት ቻይና ማዕረ ድምር ዕብየት ኩለን ኣባል ሃገራት G7 እዩ ነይሩ።  ብመሰረት ኣብ ለካቲት 2011 ብሲቲግሩፕ ዝተዳለወ ዓለምለኻዊ ዕብየት ጀነሬተራት ኢንዴክስ ቻይና ኣዝዩ ልዑል ናይ ዕብየት ገምጋም ኣለዋ።  ልዑል ኣፍራይነታ፡ ትሑት ወጻኢታት ጉልበትን ብመጠኑ ጽቡቕ ትሕተ ቅርጽን ኩሎም ቻይና ኣብ ጽላት ማኑፋክቸሪንግ ዓለምለኻዊ መራሒት ክትከውን ኣኽኢልዋ እዩ። እዚ እናሃለወ ቻይና ብመንጽር ሃልኪ ጸዓት ጸዓት ዝሓትትን ጸዓት ዘይውሕድን ቁጠባ እውን እያ።  ኣብ 2010 ቻይና ዝዓበየት ተጠቃሚት ጸዓት ዓለም ኮይና ፣  70% ናይ ጸዓት ድሌታታ ከሰል ብምንዳድ እያ እተማልእ፣ ኣብ መስከረም 2013 ድማ ንኣሜሪካ በሊጻ ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየት ኣምጻኢት ነዳዲ ኮይና።  ቻይና ኣብ መጀመርታ 2010ታት ዝነበረ ቁጠባዊ ዕብየት፤ ብሰንኪ ውሽጣዊ ጸገማት ልቓሕ፡ ምድኻም ኣህጉራዊ ጠለብ ሰደድ ቻይና፡ ከምኡ’ውን ምብስባስ ዓለማዊ ቁጠባ፡ ምዝሕሓል ጀሚሩ። ኣብ ዓውዲ ኦንላይን፡ ኢንዱስትሪ ኢ-ኮሜርስ ቻይና ካብቲ ኣብ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳን ኣመሪካን ዘሎ ብዝቐስጠፈ ዕቤት ኣርእዩ’ኳ እንተነበረ፡ ካብ 2009 ጀሚሩ ግን ርኡይ ምዕባለታት ተራእዩ። ብመሰረት ጸብጻብ ክረዲት ስዊስ ፡ ጠቕላላ ዋጋ ናይ ኦንላይን ትራንዛክሽን ኣብ ቻይና ካብቲ ኣብ 2008 ዝነበረ ንእሽቶ ስፍሓት ናብ ዳርጋ 4 ትሪልዮን ዩዋን (660 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ) ኣብ 2012 ዓብዩ። ኣብ ቻይና ኣብ ዕዳጋ ክፍሊት ብኢንተርነት ዝዓብለላ ኩባንያታት ኣሊፓይ ፣ ተንፔይን ቻይና ዩኒዮንፔይን እየን ። === ቻይና ኣብ ዓለማዊ ቁጠባ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቻይና ኣባል ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም ኮይና፡ ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየት ንግዳዊት ሓይሊ ኮይና፡ ክሳብ 2012 ጠቕላላ ኣህጉራዊ ንግዳዊ ዋጋ 3.87 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ እዩ።  ኣብ መወዳእታ 2010 ዕቑር ሸርፊ ወጻኢ 2.85 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ በጺሑ፤ እዚ ድማ ካብቲ ዝሓለፈ ዓመት ብ18.7% ወሰኽ ዝውክል ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝዓበየ ዕቑር ሃብቲ ኮይኑ ኣሎ።  ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየ ተቐባሊ ውሽጣዊ ቀጥታዊ ወፍሪ ኮይኑ ፡ ኣብ 2012 253 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ ዝግመት ናይ ውሽጢ ቀጥታዊ ወፍሪ ወጻኢ (FDI) ረኺቡ።  ኣብ 2014 ቻይና ካልኣይቲ ዝዓበየት ተቐባሊት ሓዋላ ዓለም ኮይና፡ 64 ቢልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ ዝግመት ሓዋላ ኣታዊ ረኺባ።  ቻይና ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት እውን ወፍሪ ትገብር፤ ብዘይካ’ቲ ብቻይናውያን ኩባንያታት ንብዙሓት ዓበይቲ ናይ ወጻኢ ትካላት ምውሳድ  ኣብ 2009 ቻይና 1.6 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ ዝግመት ዋሕስ ኣመሪካ ሒዛ ነበረት ፣  ከምኡ’ውን ዝዓበየ ወናኒት ሃገራዊ ዕዳ ኣመሪካ ኮይና ልዕሊ 1.16 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ ዝግመት ቦንድ ካዝና ኣመሪካ ሒዛ ነበረት ።  ቻይና ትሑት ዋጋ ዘለዎ ሸርፊ ምስ ካልኦት ዓበይቲ ቁጠባታት ምትፍናን ፈጢሩ እዩ፣  ብተወሳኺ ብዓቢ ምፍራይ ናይ ሓሶት ፍርያት ብዙሕ ተነቒፋ እያ።  ብመሰረት ኣማኻሪ ትካል ማኪንዚ ፣ ጠቕላላ ዘይተኸፍለ ዕዳ ኣብ ቻይና ካብ 7.4 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ኣብ 2007 ናብ 28.2 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ኣብ 2014 ወሲኹ፤ እዚ ድማ 228% ካብ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ቻይና ይገብሮ።  ኣብ 2017፡ ኢንስቲትዩት ኣህጉራዊ ፋይናንስ፡ ዕዳ ቻይና ናብ 304% ካብ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ሃገር ከምዝዓበየ ሓሳብ ኣቕሪቡ። {| class="wikitable" | |- |ንጽጽር ናይ 2014 ስማዊ GDP ናይ ዓበይቲ ቁጠባታት ብUS$ ቢልዮን ( <small>IMF</small> ) |} ቻይና ኣብ 2009 ኣብ ዓለምለኻዊ መዐቀኒ ተወዳዳርነት መበል 29 ደረጃ ሒዛ ፤  ኣብ 2011 ኣብ መዐቀኒ ቁጠባዊ ናጽነት ግን ካብ 179 ሃገራት መበል 136 ጥራይ እያ ተሰሪዓ ። ''ፎርቹን'' ኣብ 2020 ዝተሓትመ ዝርዝር ዓለምለኻዊ 500 ዓበይቲ ኩባንያታት 124 ቻይናውያን ኩባንያታት ኣለዋ ፤  ጠቕላላ ድምር እቶት ናይዘን ቻይናውያን ኩባንያታት 5.8 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ እዩ።  ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ዓመት ፣ ''ፎርብስ'' ካብተን ዓሰርተ ዓበይቲ ብህዝቢ ዝንገዳ ኩባንያታት ዓለምና እተን ሓሙሽተ ቻይናውያን ምዃነን ጸብጺቡ፤ ካብዚኦም እቲ ብጠቕላላ ንብረት ዝዓበየ ባንክ ዓለም ዝኾነ ኢንዱስትርያውን ንግዳውን ባንክ ቻይና ይርከብዎም ። === ዘይምዕሩይነት ደርብን ኣታዊን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ዘይምዕሩይነት እቶት ኣብ ቻይና "ማእከላይ ደርቢ" ዓመታዊ ኣታዊኦም ካብ 10,000-60,000 ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ዝበጽሕ ውልቀሰባት ዘጠቓልል እንተኾይኑ፡ ኣብ ቻይና ዝርከብ ማእከላይ ደርቢ ኣብ 2012 ናብ ልዕሊ 300 ሚልዮን ወሲኹ።  ብመሰረት ጸብጻብ ሁሩን ፡ ቁጽሪ ቢልዮነራት ዶላር ኣመሪካ ኣብ ቻይና ካብ 130 ኣብ 2009 ናብ 251 ኣብ 2012 ወሲኹ፤ በዚ ድማ ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ብብዝሒ ቢልዮነራት ካልኣይቲ ኮይና ኣላ።  ዋጋ ውሽጣዊ ዕዳጋ ችርቻሮ ቻይና ኣብ 2012 ልዕሊ 20 ትሪልዮን ዩዋን (3.2 ትሪልዮን ዶላር ኣመሪካ) እዩ ​​ነይሩ፣  ከምኡ’ውን ክሳብ 2013 ዓመታዊ ብ12% ይዓቢ ነይሩ፤  ዕዳጋ ምቾት ኣቑሑት እታ ሃገር ኣዝዩ ዝማዕበለ ኮይኑ 27.5% ካብ ዓለማዊ ብጽሒት ይሕዝ።  ይኹን እምበር፡ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ዓመታት ኣብ ቻይና ቅልጡፍ ቁጠባዊ ዕብየት ንኸቢድ ዝቕባበ ዋጋታት ተጠቀምቲ ኣበርክቶ ገይሩ እዩ፣  በዚ ድማ ንዝዓበየ መንግስታዊ ምቁጽጻር ቦታ ሂቡ።  ኣብ ቻይና ዓቢ ዘይምዕሩይነት እቶት ኣሎ፤  እዚ ብፍላይ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ወሲኹ እዩ።  ኣብ 2012፡ ወግዓዊ ናይ ቻይና ጂኒ ኮፊሸንት 0.474 እዩ።  ብመሰረት መጽናዕቲ ሳውዝዌስት ዩኒቨርሲቲ ፋይናንስን ቁጠባን ፡ ቻይና ጂኒ ኮፊሸንት ብሓቂ ኣብ 2012 0.61 በጺሑ፤ እቶም ዝሃብተሙ 1% ቻይናውያን ልዕሊ 25% ናይቲ ኣብ ቻይና ዝነበረ ሃብቲ ይውንኑ ነይሮም። === ኣህጉራዊ ምትእትታው ረንሚንቢ [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ኣህጉራዊ ምትእትታው ረንሚንቢ ድሕሪ’ቲ ኣብ 2008 ዘጋጠመ ዓለማዊ ፋይናንሳዊ ቅልውላው፡ ቻይና ኣብ ዶላር ኣመሪካ ዘለዋ ጽግዕተኛነትን ድኽመት ኣህጉራዊ ስርዓተ ገንዘብን ተገንዚባ።  መስርሕ ኣህጉራዊ ምትእስሳር RMB ኣብ 2009 ምስ ምምስራት ዕዳጋ ዲም ሳም ቦንድን ምስፍሕፋሕ ስግረ-ዶባዊ ንግዲ RMB ምፍታሕ ፈተነ ፕሮጀክትን ተቀላጢፉ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ዝርከቡ ናይ RMB ፈሳሲ ፑል ንምቛም ዝሕግዝ ዝነበረ እዩ።  ኣብ ሕዳር 2010 ሩስያ ምስ ቻይና ኣብ እትገብሮ ክልተኣዊ ንግዲ ንቻይናዊ ረንሚንቢ ክትጥቀመሉ ጀሚራ ።  ብድሕሪ እዚ ረንሚንቢ ምስ ጃፓን ፣  ኣውስትራልያ ፣  ሲንጋፖር ፣  ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ፣  ከምኡ’ውን ካናዳ  ኣብ ክልተኣዊ ንግዲ ክውዕል ጀመረ ። ኣብ 2013 ሬንሚንቢ ብሰንኪ ቅልጡፍ ኣህጉራዊ ምትእስሳራ ኣብ ዓለም ብብዝሒ ዝንገድ ባጤራ ሻሙናይ ደረጃ ኮይና። == ሳይንስን ቴክኖሎጅን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፋት ፡ ሳይንስን ቴክኖሎጅን ኣብ ቻይናን መደብ ህዋ ቻይናን ። === ዕለት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቻይና ኣብ ሓደ እዋን ክሳብ ስርወ መንግስቲ ሚንግ ብሳይንስን ቴክኖሎጅን መራሒት ዓለም እያ ነይራ ። ጥንታውያን ርኽበታትን ምህዞታትን ቻይናውያን ከም ወረቐት ፡ ሕትመት ፡ ኮምፓስን ባሩድ (" The Four Great Inventions ") መጀመርታ ናብ ኤስያ ድሕሪኡ ድማ ናብ ኤውሮጳ ተዘርጊሑ ። እቶም ቀዳሞት ኣሉታዊ ቁጽርታት ዝጥቀሙ ክኢላታት ስነ-ሕሳብ ቻይናውያን እዮም።  ይኹን እምበር ኣብ መበል 17 ክፍለ ዘመን ምዕራባዊ ዓለም ብሳይንሳውን ቴክኖሎጂካውን ምዕባለ ንቻይና በሊጻታ ነይራ።  ምኽንያታት ናይዚ ዓቢ ምፍልላይ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብ ክትዕ ይርከብ። ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን ብተደጋጋሚ ወተሃደራዊ ስዕረት ምዕራባውያን ሃገራት ስዒቡ፡ ቻይናውያን ተሃድሶ ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ርእሰ-ምሕያል ምንቅስቓስ ዘመናዊ ሳይንስን ቴክኖሎጅን ከስፋሕፍሑ ጀመሩ . ኮሚኒስት ኣብ 1949 ናብ ስልጣን ምስ መጹ፤ ሳይንስን ቴክኖሎጅን ኣብ ሞዴል ሕብረት ሶቭየት ተመርኲስካ ንምቁጽጻር ፈተነታት ተኻይዱ ፣ ኣብዚ ሞዴል ’ ውን ሳይንሳዊ ምርምር ኣካል ማእከላይ ውጥን እዩ ነይሩ ።  ድሕሪ ሞት ማኦ ኣብ 1976፡ ሳይንስን ቴክኖሎጅን ሓደ ካብቶም ኣርባዕተ ዘመናዊ ምግባር ምዃኑ ተለልዩ  ኣብ ትሕቲ ጽልዋ ሶቭየት ዝነበረ ኣካዳሚያዊ ስርዓት ድማ ምስ ግዜ ተሃድሶ። === እዋናዊ ዘመን [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ባህላዊ ሰውራ ካብ ዝውዳእ ጀሚሩ ቻይና ኣብ ሳይንሳዊ ምርምር ብዙሕ ወፍሪ ገይራ፤  ቻይና ኣብ 2020 ኣስታት 2.4% ካብ ውሽጣዊ ፍርያት ሃገር ኣብ ምርምርን ምዕባለን ኣውጺኣቶ፡ እዚ ድማ ብወግዒ ኣስታት $377.8 ቢልዮን ዶላር እዩ። ብመሰረት ዓለማዊ ኣእምሮኣዊ ንብረት መርኣይታት ቻይና ኣብ 2018ን 2019ን ካብ ኣሜሪካ ዝበዝሐ መመልከቲታት ከምዝረኸበትን፡ ኣብ 2021 ድማ ኣብ ሰደድ ፓተንት፡ ዩቲሊቲ ሞዴላት፡ ምልክታት ንግዲ፡ ኢንዱስትርያዊ ዲዛይንን ፈጠራዊ ፍርያትን ብዓለም ደረጃ ቀዳመይቲ ኮይና ተሰሪዓ። ኣብ 2022 ኣብ ዓለምለኻዊ መዐቀኒ ምህዞ መበል 11 ደረጃ ዝሓዘ ኮይኑ፡ ካብቲ ኣብ 2013 ዝነበረ መበል 35 ደረጃ ርኡይ ምምሕያሽ ኣርእዩ። ኣብ ቻይና ዝተወልዱ ሳይንቲስት 4 ግዜ ሽልማት ኖቤል ፊዚክስ ፣ ሽልማት ኖቤል ኬሚስትሪ ሓንሳብ፣ ሽልማት ኖቤል ፊዚዮሎጂ ወይ ሕክምና ድማ ሓደ ግዜ ክዕወቱ እንከለዉ መብዛሕትኦም እዞም ሳይንቲስት ግን ሽልማት ኖቤል ዝረኸቡ መጽናዕቶም ኣብ ምዕራባውያን ሃገራት ኣካይዶም። ቻይና ኣብ ሳይንስ፣ ሒሳብን ምህንድስናን ብምትኳር ስርዓተ ትምህርታ ተማዕብል ኣላ ። ኣብ 2009 ኣብ ቻይና ልዕሊ 10 ሽሕ ተማሃሮ ፒኤችዲ መሃንድሳትን ክሳብ 500 ሽሕ ተምሃሮ ቢኤስሲን ተመሪቖም። እዚ ድማ ካብ ዝኾነት ሃገራት ዓለም ዝለዓለ እዩ።  ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ካልኣይቲ ዝዓበየት ኣሕታሚት ሳይንሳዊ ጽሑፋት እውን እያ፤ ኣብ 2010 ጥራይ፡ ኣብ ፍሉጣት ኣህጉራውያን ሳይንሳዊ መጽሔታት 5,200 ጽሑፋት ምሕታም ሓዊሱ ኣስታት 121,500 ሳይንሳዊ ጽሑፋት ኣሕቲማ።  ከም በዓል ሁዋዌን ሌኖቮን ዝኣመሰሉ ቻይናውያን ኩባንያታት ቴክኖሎጂ ኣብ ቴሌኮሙኒኬሽንን ውልቃዊ ኮምፒዩተራትን መራሕቲ ዓለም ኮይኖም ኣለዉ፤  ኣብ ቻይና ዝተማዕበሉ ሱፐርኮምፒዩተራት እውን ብቐጻሊ ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዋ ሓያላት ኮምፒዩተራት ይስርዓ ።  ቻይና ውን ኣጠቓቕማ ኢንዱስትርያዊ ሮቦታት ትሰርሕ ኣላ ; ኣብ መንጎ 2008ን 2011ን ኣብ ፋብሪካታት ቻይና ብዙሕ ዕላማ ዘለዎም ሮቦታት ምትካል ብ136 ሚእታዊት ወሰኽ ኣርእዩ። ==== መደብ ህዋ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . ==== መደብ ህዋ ቻይና ኣብ 1958 ብገለ ምትሕልላፍ ቴክኖሎጂ ካብ ሕብረት ሶቭየት እዩ ጀሚሩ። ቻይና ኣብ ዓለም ካብ ዘለዋ ኣድማዒ መደባት ህዋ ሓንቲ እያ ፣ እዚ ድማ ምንጪ ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ሓበን እዩ።  ኣብ 1970 ቻይና " ዶንግ ፋንግ ሆንግ I " ዝብል ስም ናይ መጀመርታ ሳተላይታ ኣውሪዳ ። በዚ ድማ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሳ ሳተላይት ብናጻ ዝውንጨፍ ሓምሻይ ሃገር ኮይና። ኣብ 2003 ቻይና ብናይ Yang Liwei 's Shenzhou 5 በረራ ህዋ ብናጻ ንደቂ ሰባት ናብ ጠፈር ዝሰደደት ሳልሰይቲ ሃገር ዓለም ኮይና ። ክሳብ 2022፡ ክልተ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ዝርከብዎም ዓሰርተ ሽዱሽተ ዜጋታት ቻይና፡ ወፍሪ ህዋ ዛዚሞም። ቻይና ኣብ 2011 ኣብ መጀመርታ 2020ታት ንፈለማ እዋን ኣብ መደበር ጠፈር ዝፈተነላ መደበር ጠፈር ቲያንጎንግ 1 ከም ቀዳማይ ምዕራፍ ፕሮጀክት ጀሚራቶ ። ኣብ 2013 ቻይናዊት ሮቦት ሮቨር ዩቱ ከም ኣካል ተልእኾ ቻንግ 3 ኣብ ልዕሊ ወርሒ ብዓወት ዓሊባ። ኣብ 2019 ቻይና ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ንመመርመሪ ቻንግ 4 ኣብ ርሑቕ ሸነኽ ወርሒ ዘዕረፈት ሃገር ኮይና ። ኣብ 2020 ቻንግ 5 ናሙናታት ወርሒ ናብ መሬት ብዓወት ብምምላስ ቻይና ድሕሪ ኣሜሪካን ሕብረት ሶቭየትን ሳልሰይቲ ናጻ ሃገር ኮይና።  ኣብ 2021 ቻይና ኣብ ታሪኽ ድሕሪ ኣሜሪካ ካልኣይቲ ሃገር ኮይና ብናጻ መንገዲ ሮቨር (ዙሮንግ) ኣብ ማርስ ዘዕረፈት ሃገር ኮይና ።  ቻይና ሞዱላር መደበራ ህዋ ቲያንጎንግ ኣብ ትሑት ምድሪቤት ብ3 ሕዳር 2022 ዛዚማቶ ''።''  ብዕለት 29 ሕዳር 2022 ቻይና ኣብ ቲያንጎንግ ንፈለማ እዋን ኣብ ምድሪቤት ዝነበሩ ሰራሕተኛታት ምትሕልላፍ ኣካይዳ። == ትሕተ ቅርጺ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == === ቴሌኮሙኒኬሽን [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ቴሌኮሙኒኬሽን ኣብ ቻይና ቻይና ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ካብ ዝኾነት ሃገር ኣብ ምድሪ ዝበዝሐ ተጠቃሚ ሞባይል ኣለዋ ; ክሳብ ለካቲት 2012 ኣብ ቻይና ልዕሊ 1 ቢልዮን ተጠቀምቲ ሞባይል ኣለዉ።  ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ዓለም ዝለዓለ ቁጽሪ ተጠቀምቲ ኢንተርነትን ብሮድባንድን ኣለዋ ፤  ክሳብ 2016 ኣብ ቻይና 688 ሚልዮን ተጠቀምቲ ኢንተርነት ነይሮም፡ እዚ ድማ ፍርቂ ህዝቢ እታ ሃገር እዩ።  ሃገራዊ ማእከላይ ፍጥነት ምትእስሳር ብሮድባንድ 9.46 Mbit/second እዩ፣ እዚ ማለት ቻይና ብፍጥነት ኢንተርነት ኣብ ዓለም መበል 91 ደረጃ ትስራዕ።  ክሳብ ሓምለ 2013 ቻይና 24% ካብተን ምስ ኢንተርነት ዝተኣሳሰራ ተሽከርከርቲ ዓለም ተአንግድ።  ካብ 2011 ጀሚሩ ቻይና ዝበዝሐ ዝተተኽለ ናይ ቴሌኮሙኒኬሽን ባንድዊድ ዘለዋ ሃገር ኮይና ኣላ። ቻይና ካብታ ብመንጽር ዝተተኽለ ናይ ቴሌኮሙኒኬሽን ባንድዊድ ታሪኻዊት መራሒት ኣሜሪካ ብዕጽፊ ዝዓቢ ሃገራዊ ዓቕሚ ባንድዊድ ተአንግድ (ቻይና: 29%, ኣሜሪካ: 13% ብመንጽር ዓለማዊ ጠቕላላ)። ቻይና ቴሌኮምን ቻይና ዩኒኮምን ፡ እተን ክልተ ዝዓበያ ኣቕረብቲ ብሮድባንድ ዓለም ፡ ካብ ኩሉ ኣብ ዓለምና ብሮድባንድ ምዝገባ 20% ይሕዛ። ቻይና ቴሌኮም ጥራይ ንልዕሊ 50 ሚልዮን ተጠቀምቲ ብሮድባንድ ከገልግል እንከሎ፡ ቻይና ዩኒኮም ድማ ልዕሊ 40 ሚልዮን ተጠቀምቲ ኣለዋ።  ብዙሓት ቻይናውያን ኩባንያታት ቴሌኮሙኒኬሽን ብፍላይ ድማ ሁዋዌን ZTE ን ንወተሃደራዊ ሓይሊ ቻይና ወኪሎም ይስልዩ ተባሂሎም ተኸሲሶም ኣለዉ። ቻይና " ቤይዱ " ብዝብል ስም ናይ ባዕላ ዓለማዊ ስርዓተ ምምራሕ ሳተላይት ትሰርሕ ኣላ ፤ እዚ ስርዓት እዚ ኣብ መላእ ኤስያ ንግዳዊ ኣገልግሎት ምምራሕ ምጉዓዝ ኣብ 2012 ክህብ ጀሚሩ፣  ኣብ 2020 ዓለምለኻዊ ሽፋን ንምሃብ መደባት ኣለዎ። === መጓዓዝያ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ መጓዓዝያ ኣብ ቻይና ካብ መወዳእታ 1990ታት ጀሚሩ፡ መርበብ ሃገራዊ ጽርግያታትን ቅልጡፍ ጽርግያታትን ብምቛም፡ ሃገራዊ መርበብ ጽርግያታት ቻይና ኣዝዩ ተሰፊሑ ። ኣብ 2011 ኣብ ቻይና ዝርከቡ ጽርግያታት ብድምር 85,000 ኪ.ሜ ኮይኑ ፡ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝነውሐ ስርዓተ ጽርግያታት ኮይኑ ኣሎ ።  ኣብ 1991፡ ነቲ ቀንዲ መስመር ናይቲ ነታ ሃገር ኣብ ሰሜንን ደቡብን ዝኸፋፍል ሩባ ያንግዘ ዝሰግሩ ሽዱሽተ ድልድላት ጥራይ ነይሮም ፡ ክሳብ ጥቅምቲ 2014 ግን ቁጽሪ ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ ድልድላትን ታንከራትን ናብ 81 ወሲኹ። ቻይና ብመሸጣን ምፍራይን መካይን ንኣሜሪካ በሊጻ ኣብ ዓለም ዝዓበየ ዕዳጋ መካይን ኮይና ኣላ። ኣብ 2009 ዓ.ም መሸጣ መካይን ልዕሊ 13.6 ሚልዮን፤  እዚ ቁጽሪ ኣብ 2020 ክሳብ 40 ሚልዮን ክበጽሕ ትጽቢት ይግበር።  ዓቢ ወሰኽ ሓደጋታት ትራፊክ ጎናዊ ሳዕቤን ናይቲ ኣብ ቻይና ዝረአ ዘሎ ቅልጡፍ ዕብየት መርበብ ጽርግያታት እዩ፤  ድኹም ኣተገባብራ ሕግታት ትራፊክ ከም ሓደ ክኸውን ዝኽእል ጠንቂ ተሓቢሩ ኣሎ - ብግምት 62,000 ቻይናውያን ኣብ 2011 ብሓደጋ ትራፊክ ሞይቶም።  ዋላ እኳ ዝርገሐ መካይን እናወሰኸ ይኸይድ እንተሃለወ፡ ብሽክለታታት ገና ኣብ ከተማታት ልሙድ መጓዓዝያ እየን፤ ክሳብ 2012 ኣብ ቻይና ኣስታት 470 ሚልዮን ብሽክለታታት ኣለዋ። ኣብ ቻይና ዝርከቡ መስመራት ባቡር ብመንግስቲ ዝውነኑ እዮም ። ዋላ እኳ 6% ጥራይ ካብ መስመራት ባቡር ዓለም እንተሃለወ፡ ርብዒ ካብ መጠን ትራፊክ ባቡር ዓለም ኣብ ልዕሊኦም ስለዝሓልፍ፡ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣብ ዓለምና ዝበዝሑ ጽዑቓት ስርዓታት ባቡር ይገብሮ .  ክሳብ 2013፡ መስመራት ባቡር ቻይና ብድምር 103,144 ኪ.ሜ ንውሓት ነይርዎ፡ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ዓለም ሳልሳይ ዝነውሐ ባቡር ይገብሮ ።  እቲ መርበብ ባቡር ብዘይካ ማካው ብኹለን ኣውራጃታትን ግዝኣታትን ኣብ ትሕቲ ምሕደራ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ይሓልፍ ። ብፍላይ ኣብ በዓል ሓድሽ ዓመት ቻይና ፡ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝዓበየ ዓመታዊ ስደት ደቂ ሰባት ኣብ ዝፍጸመሉ እዋን ፡ ስርዓተ ባቡር ብሰንኪ ጠለብ ልዑል ጽቕጥቕጥ ደቂ ሰባት ይቃላዕ።  ኣብ 2013፡ መንገዲ ባቡር ቻይና 2.106 ቢልዮን ናይ ተጓዓዝቲ መገሻታት ፈጺሙ፡ 1,059.56 ናይ ተሳፈርቲ ኪሎሜተር ኣፍርዩ፡ ብተወሳኺ 3.967 ቢልዮን ቶን ጽዕነት ጽዕነት ተሰኪሙ፡ 2,917.4 ቢልዮን ናይ ጽዕነት ቶን ኪሎሜተር ኣፍርዩ። ኣብ መጀመርታ 2000ታት ኣብ ቻይና ህንጸት ፍጥነት ዘለዎም መስመራት ባቡር ተጀሚሩ፡ ሎሚ ድማ ኣብ ቻይና ልዕሊ 19,000 ኪሎሜተር ዝቑመቱ ፍጥነት ዘለዎም መስመራት ባቡር ኣለዉ፡ እዚ ማለት ኣብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ዝርከብ ጠቕላላ ንውሓት ፍጥነት ዘለዎ መስመር ባቡር ከይተረፈ እዩ። ካብቲ ኣብ ቻይና ዝርከብ ፍጥነት ዘለዎ መስመር ባቡር ንውሓት ንታሕቲ ምዃኑ’ዩ።  በዚ ኸኣ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝነውሐ ፍጥነት ዘለዎ መርበብ ባቡር ኣለዎ።  ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝበዝሐ ጽዑቕ ፍጥነት ዘለዎ ስርዓተ ባቡር ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ዓመት 1.1 ቢልዮን መገሻታት ይፍጽም።  ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝነውሐ ፍጥነት ዘለዎ መስመር ባቡር ቤጂንግ-ጉዋንኮ-ሸንዘን ፍጥነት ዘለዎ ባቡርን ኣብ ልዕሊ ሰለስተ ካብቶም ዝነውሑ ድልድላት ዓለም ዝሓልፍ ፍጥነት ዘለዎ ባቡር ቤጂንግ-ሻንዘንን ኣብቲ ልዑል ፍጥነት ይካተቱ -ፍጥነት ዘለዎ መርበብ ባቡር።  ንውሓት ናይቲ ፍጥነት ዘለዎ መርበብ ባቡር ክሳብ 2020 ኣስታት 16,000 ኪ.ሜ ክበጽሕ ትጽቢት ይግበር።  ኣብ ሰዓት 431 ኪ.ሜ ፍጥነት ዝበጽሕ ሻንጋይ ማግለቭ ባቡር ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝቐልጠፈ ንግዳዊ ኣገልግሎት ባቡር እዩ። ካብ 2000 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ከተማታት ቻይና ምስ ግዜ ዝያዳ መርበባት ሜትሮ ይምስረቱ ኣለዉ። ክሳብ ጥሪ 2016፡ 26 ከተማታት ቻይና ስርሒታዊ ስርዓታት ሜትሮ ክህልወን እንከሎ፡ ካልኦት 39 ከተማታት ድማ ስርዓታት ሜትሮ ንምትካል መደብ ኣውጺአን ነይረን፤  ብዙሓት ካብዚኦም ኣብ 2020 ንኣገልግሎት ድሉዋት ክኾኑ መደብ ተታሒዙ ኣሎ።  ሻንጋይ ሜትሮ ፣ ቤጂንግ ሜትሮ ፣ ጉዋንዝሆው ሜትሮ ፣ ሆንግ ኮንግ ኤምቲኣርን ሸንዘን ሜትሮን ፤ ኩሎም ኣብ ዓለምና ካብቶም ዝነውሑን ጽዑቓትን ስርዓታት ሜትሮ እዮም። ኣብ 2012 ኣብ ቻይና 182 ንግዳዊ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ነይረን ። ኣብ 2013 ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ካብ ዝህነጹ ዝነበሩ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ልዕሊ ክልተ ሲሶ ኣብ ቻይና ኮይኖም፡ ክሳብ 2015 82 ሓደስቲ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ክኽፈቱ መደብ ተታሒዙ ኣሎ፤  ብተወሳኺ ፡ ኩባንያ ቦይንግ ኣብ ቻይና ዘለዎ ንጡፍ ንግዳዊ ነፈርቲ ካብ 1,910 ኣብ 2011 ናብ 5,980 ኣብ 2031 ክዓቢ ትጽቢት ኣለዎ።  ምስ ዕብየት ሲቪል ኣቬሽን ኣብ ቻይና ፡ ዓበይቲ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ቻይና ካብቶም ዝበዝሑ ጽዑቓት መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ዓለም ኮይኖም ኣለዉ። ኣብ 2013 ኣህጉራዊ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ርእሰ ከተማ ቤጂንግ ብመንጽር ትራፊክ ተጓዓዝቲ ኣብ ዓለም ካልኣይ ዝበዝሐ ጽዑቕ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ እዩ ነይሩ (ኣብ 2002 መበል 26 ደረጃ ሒዙ)። ካብ 2010 ጀሚሩ ኣህጉራዊ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ሆንግ ኮንግን ኣህጉራዊ መዓርፎ ነፈርቲ ሻንጋይ ፑዶንግን ብመንጽር ትራፊክ ጽዕነት ኣየር ቀዳማይን ሳልሳይን ደረጃ ሒዘን ኣለዋ ። ዳርጋ 80% ካብ ክሊ ኣየር ቻይና ንወተሃደራዊ ኣጠቓቕማ ዝተገደበ ኮይኑ፡ ካብተን ኣብ ኤስያ ብሰንኪ ምድንጓይ በረራ ዝኸፍአ ኣፈጻጽማ ዘለወን 10 መንገዲ ኣየራት እቶም ሸሞንተ መንገዲ ኣየራት ቻይና እየን ።  ቻይና ልዕሊ 2,000 ወደባት ሩባታትን ባሕርን ኣለዋ፤ ካብዚኦም እቶም 130 ንናይ ወፃኢ መራኽብ ክፉታት እዮም። ወደባት ሻንጋይ ፣ ሆንግ ኮንግ ፣ ሸንዘን ፣ ኒንግቦ -ዞውሻን ፣ ጉዋንዝሆው ፣ ቺንግዳኦ ፣ ቲየንሲንን ዳልያንን ኣብ 2012 ፤ ብመንጽር ትራፊክ ኮንተይነራትን ቶን ጽዕነትን ካብቶም ዝበዝሑ ጽዑቓት ወደባት ዓለምና ’ ያ ። === ቀረብ ማይን ጽሬትን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ቀረብ ማይን ጽሬትን ኣብ ቻይና ኣብ ቻይና ትሕተ ቅርጺ ቀረብ ማይን ጽሬትን፤ ከም ቅልጡፍ ከተማነት ከምኡ ’ ውን ሕጽረት ማይን ብከላን ዝኣመሰሉ ብድሆታት የጋጥሞም ኣሎ ።  ብመሰረት መረዳእታ ካብ ሓባራዊ መደብ ምክትታል ቀረብ ማይን ጽሬትን ናይ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለምን ዩኒሴፍን ኣብ 2015 ፣ 36% ካብ ገጠር ህዝቢ ቻይና ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝተመሓየሸ ጽሬት ኣይረኸበን ።  ኣብ ሰነ 2010፡ ኣብ ቻይና 1,519 መጽረዪ ማይ ነይረን ፡ ኣብ ሰሙን 18 ሓደስቲ ትካላት ይኽፈታ።  እቲ ዝካየድ ዘሎ ፕሮጀክት ምትሕልላፍ ማይ ደቡብ-ሰሜን ኣብ ሰሜን እታ ሃገር ሕጽረት ማይ ንምንካይ ዝዓለመ እዩ። == ዲሞግራፊ [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ዲሞግራፊ ቻይና ኣብ 2010 ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ሃገራዊ ቆጸራ ህዝቢ፡ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ኣስታት 1,370,536,875 ሰባት ከምዝኾነ ኣመዝጊቡ። ኣስታት 16.60% ካብ ህዝቢ ዕድሚኦም 14 ዓመትን ትሕቲኡን፣ 70.14% ካብ 15-59 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኦም፣ 13.26% ድማ ዕድሚኦም 60 ዓመትን ልዕሊኡን እዮም።  ኣብ 2013 ዝነበረ መጠን ዕብየት ብዝሒ ህዝቢ 0.46% ተባሂሉ ተገሚቱ። ብመዐቀኒ ምዕራባውያን ማእከላይ እቶት ዘለዋ ሃገር እኳ እንተኾነት ፡ ቅልጡፍ ዕብየት ቻይና ካብ 1978 ጀሚሩ ኣማኢት ሚልዮናት ሰባት ካብ ድኽነት ኣውጺኡዎም ኣሎ ። ሎሚ ኣስታት 10% ህዝቢ ቻይና ኣብ ትሕቲ መስመር ድኽነት 1 ዶላር ኣሜሪካ ኣብ መዓልቲ ይነብር፤ እዚ ካብቲ ኣብ 1978 ዝነበረ ዓቢ ምንካይ ኮይኑ፡ እቶም ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓደ መስመር ድኽነት ዝነብሩ 64% ካብ ህዝቢ ዝነበሩሉ እዋን እዩ። ኣብ 2014 ኣብ ቻይና መጠን ሽቕለት ኣልቦነት ከተማታት ኣስታት 4.1% እዩ ነይሩ። 1.4 ቢልዮን ህዝቢ ዘለዎን ምንካይ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ሃፍቲ ዘለዎን መንግስቲ ቻይና ብዛዕባ ናህሪ ዕብየት ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዓብዪ ስክፍታ ኣለዎ፤ ስለዚ ካብ 1979 ጀሚሩ " ፖሊሲ ሓደ ቆልዓ " ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ጽኑዕ ፖሊሲ ውጥን ስድራቤት ተግባራዊ ኮይኑ ኣሎ፣ ውጽኢት ድማ ዝተሓዋወሰ እዩ  ። ቅድሚ 2013፡ እቲ ፖሊሲ፡ ብዘይካ ውሑዳት ብሄራትን ኣብ ገጠር ዝነብሩን፡ ኩለን ስድራቤታት ሓደ ቆልዓ ጥራይ ከይወልዳ ክድርት ዝዓለመ እዩ። እዚ ፖሊሲ ኣብ ታሕሳስ 2013 ኣዝዩ ተዛኒዩ፣ ስድራቤታት ሓደ ካብቶም ወለዲ ኣባላት ኣብ ስድራቤቶም እንኮ ቆልዓ ኮይኑ እንተዓቢዩ ክልተ ቆልዑ ክወልዱ ፈቒዱ።  እቲ ናይ ሓደ ቆልዓ ፖሊሲ ኣብ 2016 ናብ ናይ ክልተ ቆልዑ ፖሊሲ ተቐይሩ ፣  ከምኡ’ውን እቲ ናይ ሰለስተ ቆልዑ ፖሊሲ  ኣብ 2021 ። መረዳእታ ቆፀራ ህዝቢ 2010 ከምዘመልክቶ ጠቕላላ መጠን ፍርያምነት 1.4 እዩ። እዚ ፖሊሲ ምስቲ ባህላዊ ምርጫ ኣወዳት ፡ ኣብ እዋን ውልደት ኣብ ዘይምዕሩይነት ጾታ ኣበርክቶ ከም ዝገበረ ይምጉት።  ብመሰረት ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 2010 ኣብ እዋን ልደት ዝነበረ ጾታ ሬሾ ካብ 100 ኣዋልድ 118.06 ኣወዳት ነይሩ።  እዚ ካብቲ ዓለማዊ መጠን ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ 100 ኣዋልድ 105 ኣወዳት ኣዝዩ ዝለዓለ እዩ።  ብመሰረት ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 2010፡ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ 51.27% ካብ ጠቕላላ ህዝቢ ይሕዙ።  ይኹን እምበር፡ ናይ ሎሚ ጾታ ሬሾ ቻይና ካብቲ ኣብ 1953 ዝነበረ፡ 51.82% ካብ ህዝቢ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ዝነበረሉ ዝያዳ ሚዛናዊ እዩ። === ብሄራት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . === ቀንዲ ጽሑፋት: ዝርዝር ብሄራት ኣብ ቻይና , ውሑዳት ብሄራት ኣብ ቻይና, ከምኡውን ብሄራት ኣብ ታሪኽ ቻይና ቻይና ን56 ዝተፈላለዩ ብሄራት ብወግዒ ኣፍልጦ ሂባ፤ ካብዚኦም እቶም ዝዓበዩ ሃን ቻይናውያን ኮይኖም 91.51% ካብ ጠቕላላ ህዝባ ይኾኑ ።  ሃን ቻይናውያን ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝዓበየ ሓደ ብሄር ይፈጥሩ፤  ብዘይካ ርእሰ-ምሕደራ ዞባታት ዚንጂያንግን ቲቤትን ኣብ ኩለን ምምሕዳራዊ ክፍልታት ቻይና ዝበዝሐ ህዝቢ ዘለዎም ብሄር ይፈጥሩ ።  ብመሰረት ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 2010 8.49% ካብ ህዝቢ ቻይና ብውሑዳት ብሄራት ዝቖመ እዩ።  ምስቲ ናይ 2000 ቆጸራ ህዝቢ ክነጻጸር እንከሎ፡ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ሃን ብ66,537,177 ሰባት ወይ 5.74% ወሲኹ፡ ጠቕላላ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ኩሎም 55 ውሑዳት ብሄራት ድማ ብ7,362,627 ሰባት ወይ 6.92% ወሲኹ።  ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 2010 ቁጽሪ ናይቶም ኣብ ቻይና ዝነብሩ ወጻእተኛታት ዜጋታት 593,832 ከምዝኾነ ኣመዝጊቡ። እቶም ዝበዝሑ ጉጅለ ዜጋታት ወጻእተኛታት ዜጋታት ደቡብ ኮርያ (120,750)፡ ኣመሪካ (71,493)ን ጃፓንን (66,159) እዮም። essz42vkgsq91vb24hfnzvnedmpvrzi 0 6288 24753 2024-04-01T13:51:21Z 85.100.247.12 ገጽ ምስ «'''1''' ጥሪ ብመሰረት ኣቆጻጽራ ጎርጎርዮስ 1ይቲ መዓልቲ ዓመት ’ ያ ። ክሳብ መወዳእታ ዓመት 364 መዓልታት ተሪፈን ኣለዋ (365 ኣብ ትርፊ ዓመታት)። እዛ መዓልቲ እዚኣ ዋዜማ ሓድሽ ዓመት ተባሂላ ትፍለጥ ምኽንያቱ ምጅማር ዓመት ስለ ዝኾነት . {| class="wikitable" | colspan="7" |ታሕሳስ '''ጥሪ''' ለካቲት |- |ሓደ |2 |...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki '''1''' ጥሪ ብመሰረት ኣቆጻጽራ ጎርጎርዮስ 1ይቲ መዓልቲ ዓመት ’ ያ ። ክሳብ መወዳእታ ዓመት 364 መዓልታት ተሪፈን ኣለዋ (365 ኣብ ትርፊ ዓመታት)። እዛ መዓልቲ እዚኣ ዋዜማ ሓድሽ ዓመት ተባሂላ ትፍለጥ ምኽንያቱ ምጅማር ዓመት ስለ ዝኾነት . {| class="wikitable" | colspan="7" |ታሕሳስ '''ጥሪ''' ለካቲት |- |ሓደ |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |- |8 |9 |10 |መበል 11 |12 |13 |14 |- |15 |16 |17 |18 |19 |20 |21 |- |22 |23 |24 |25 |26 |27 |28 |- |29 |30 |31 |} == ፍጻመታት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * 45 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ - ኣቆጻጽራ ጁልያን ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ክውዕል ጀሚሩ። ክሳዕ መበል 16 ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ ጥቕሚ ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ፡ ብኣቆጻጽራ ጎርጎርዮስ ተተኪኡ . * 404 - ቴለማኮስ ኣብ ኮሎስየም ንዝነበረ ናይ ግላድያተር ውግእ ክብትኖ ምስ ፈተነ ፡ በቲ ህዝቢ ብዳርባ እምኒ ተቐቲሉ ሞተ ። ሆኖርዮስ ንዝኽሩ ባእሲ ኣጊዱ። እዚ ውግእ እዚ ናይ መወዳእታ ውግእ ግላድያተር ኮይኑ ኣብ ታሪኽ ሰፊሩ። * 1515 - ኣብ ፈረንሳ ፡ ፍራንስዋ ቀዳማይ ናብ ዝፋን ደየበ። * 1785 - ሓንቲ ካብተን ቀዳሞት ጋዜጣታት ዓለምና ''ዝኾነት ዳይሊ ዩኒቨርሳል ረጂስተር'' ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ክትሕተም ጀመረት ። እታ ድሕሪ ሰለስተ ዓመት ስማ ናብ " ''ዘ ታይምስ'' " ዝቕየር ዝነበረት ጋዜጣ ፡ ክሳብ ሕጂ ትሕተም ኣላ። * 1801 - ድዋርፍ ፕላኔት ሴረስ ብጁሰፐ ፒያዚ ተረኺባ ። * 1808 - ባሮት ናብ ኣሜሪካ ከይኣትዉ ተኣጊዶም ። * 1891 – ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ጸወታ ስቶክ ሲቲን ኖትስን ድሕሪ ዘጋጠመ ክትዕ ፡ እታ ፍጹም ቅላዕ ኣብ መጽሓፍ ሕግታት ተኣታትያ ። * 1899 - ግዝኣት ስጳኛ ኣብ ኩባ ተዛዚሙ። * 1901 - ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ዝርከባ መግዛእቲ እንግሊዝ ፈደረሽን ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓደ ናሕሲ ተጠርኒፈን። * 1901 - ናይጀርያ ሓለዋ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ኮይና ። * 1901 - ዲኖሚንየን ጴንጠቆስጠ ድሕሪ ናይ መጀመርታ ኣገልግሎት ኣብ ቶፔካ ካንሳስ ኣብ ዝርከብ ኮለጅ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ቤተ - ኤል ተመስረተ ። * 1923 - ናይ መጀመርታ ፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ቱርኪ " ኪዳን ማሕበራት ልምምድ ቱርኪ " (ሎሚ ፈደረሽን ኩዕሶ እግሪ ቱርኪ ) ተመስረተ። * 1925 - ኣመሪካዊ ተመራማሪ ስነ - ከዋኽብቲ ኤድዊን ሃብል ፡ ካብ ፍኖተ - ጸባ ወጻኢ ካልኦት ጋላክሲታት ከም ዝረኸበ ኣፍሊጡ ። * 1926 - ኣህጉራዊ ኣቆጻጽራን ሰዓትን ካብ ፍርቂ ለይቲ ጀሚሩ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ክውዕል ጀመረ ። * 1929 - መስመር ባቡር ኣናቶልያን ወደብ ሃይዳርፓሻን ሃገራውያን ኮይኖም። * 1929 - ሃገራዊ ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ተኸፊተን። * 1933 - ሕጊ መለክዒታት ኣብ ግብሪ ወዒሉ። * 1934 - ደሴት ኣልካትራዝ ናብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኣመሪካ ተቐይራ ። * 1939 - ኣብ ሲድኒ ፡ ኣውስትራልያ ሙቐት 45 ዲግሪ ሰንቲግሬድ በጺሑ፤ እዚ ኣብታ ከተማ ክብረወሰን እዩ። * 1940 - ኣብ መንጎ ሕብረት ሶቭየትን ፊንላንድን ውግእ መንገዲ ራተ ተጀሚሩ ። * 1945 - ፈረንሳ ኣብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ተቐቢላ ። * 1949 - ኣብ ኢንዶነዥያ ወተሃደራት ሆላንድ ንጃቫ ሒዞማ ። * 1956 - ሱዳን ናጻ ሪፓብሊክ ምዃና ኣዊጃ። ** 1958 - ቁጠባዊ ማሕበረሰብ ኤውሮጳ ተመስሪቱ። ** 1959 - ዓወት ሰውራ ኩባ : ውልቀ መላኺ ፉልጀንሲዮ ባቲስታ ኣብ ድሮ ሓድሽ ዓመት ካብ ሃቫና ሃዲሙ ። ብካሚሎ ሲየንፉጎስን ቸ ጌቫራን ዝምራሕ ጉጅለታት ጐረባብቲ ናብ ሃቫና ክኣትዉ ጀመሩ ። ኣብ መላእ ኩባ ዝርከቡ ሰራሕተኛታትን ሓረስቶትን ንጻውዒት ፊደል ካስትሮ ተኸቲሎም ሓፈሻዊ ኣድማ ጀመሩ። ** 1960 - ናይ መጀመርታ ናይ ሜትሮሎጂ ሳተላይት 'ቲሮስ' ብኣሜሪካ ተወንጪፋ ። ** 1960 - ካሜሩን ካብ ምሕደራ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ናጽነት ረኺባ ። ** 1965 - ፋታሕ ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ውድብ ሓርነት ፍልስጤም ፡ ናይ መጀመርታ ዕጥቃዊ ስጉምቱ ኣካይዱ። ብኣሕመድ ዓምር ሙሳ ዝምራሕ ኣሃዱታት ጐረባብቲ ናብቲ ብእስራኤል ዝተታሕዘ መሬት ምዕራባዊ ገማግም ባሕሪ ብምእታው ድልድል ፈንጂሮምዎ። ** 1971 - ኣብ ኣመሪካ ኣብ ተለቪዥን መወዓውዒ ሽጋራ ተኣጊዱ ። ** 1973 - ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ፣ ኣየርላንድን ዴንማርክን ኣባላት ቁጠባዊ ማሕበረሰብ ኤውሮጳ (EEC) ኮይነን ። ** 1974 - ብጎልዳ ሜየር ዝምራሕ ሰልፊ ዕዮ እስራኤል ኣብ እስራኤል ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ምርጫ ተዓዊቱ ። ** 1978 - ቦይንግ 747 ዝዓይነታ ናይ መንገዲ ኣየር ህንዲ ዝኾነት ናይ ተሳፈርቲ ነፋሪት ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ሙምባይ ኣብ ኣየር ተፈንጂራ ናብ ባሕሪ ተሓምሺሻ፤ 213 ሰባት ሞይቶም። ** 1979 - ኣብ መንጎ ቻይናን ኣመሪካን ዲፕሎማስያዊ ዝምድናታት ተጀሚሩ ። ** 1981 - ግሪኽ ከም ኣባል ቁጠባዊ ማሕበረሰብ ኤውሮጳ ተቐባልነት ረኺባ ። ** 1984 - ብሩነይ ናጽነት ረኺባ። ** 1984 - ጀነራል ሙሓመድ ቡሃሪ ብደም ዘይብሉ ዕልዋ መንግስቲ ኣብ ናይጀርያ ስልጣን ሒዙ ። ** 1990 - ዴቪድ ዲንኪንስ ናይ መጀመርታ ጸሊም ከንቲባ ኒውዮርክ ኮይኑ ስልጣን ሒዙ ። ** 1990 - ኲናት ሓድሕድ ሩዋንዳ ተጀሚሩ። ** 1993 - ቸኮዝሎቫክያ ፈሪሳ። ስሎቫክያን ቸክያን ተመስረታ ። ** 1994 - ህንዳውያን ኣብ ግዝኣት ቺያፓስ ሜክሲኮ ብመሪሕነት ሃገራዊ ሰራዊት ሓርነት ዛፓቲስታ ንሃገራዊ ውዳበኦም ዓመጹን ነቲ ዞባ ተቖጻጸርዎን ። ** 1994 - ናፍታ (ስምምዕ ናጻ ንግዲ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ) ኣብ ግብሪ ወዒሉ። ** 1995 - ኣባላት ፒ.ኬ.ኬ ኣብ ኣውራጃ ኩልፕ ዲያርባከር ኣብ እትርከብ ቁሸት ሃምዛሊ መጥቃዕቲ ብምፍጻም ዓሰርተ ትሽዓተ ሰባት ቀቲሎም፡ ካብዚኦም እቶም ሸውዓተ ህጻናት እዮም። ሓደ ኣባል ፒ.ኬ.ኬ ተቐቲሉ። ** 1995 - ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም ተመስሪቱ። ** 1995 - ሽወደን ፡ ኦስትርያን ፊንላንድን ከም ኣባላት ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ተቐባልነት ረኺበን ። ** 1996 - ስምምዕ ሕብረት ጉምሩክ ኣብ ወግዓዊ ጋዜጣ ምስ ተሓተመ ኣብ ግብሪ ወዒሉ ። እቲ ስምምዕ ኣብ መንጎ ቱርኪን 15 ሃገራት ኤውሮጳን ዝጸንሐ እዩ ። ** 1997 - ዛየር ኣባል ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም ኮይና ። ** 1998 - ማእከላይ ባንክ ኤውሮጳ ተመስሪቱ። ** 1999 - ባጤራ ኤውሮጳ " ዩሮ " ኣብ ግብሪ ወዒሉ። ( ብዘይካ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ፣ ዴንማርክ ፣ ሽወደንን ግሪኽን ) ። ** 2002 - ኣብ ኣባል ሃገራት ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ኖትን ሳንቲምን ዩሮ ክጥቀሙ ጀሚሮም ። ** 2002 - ኣብ ሆላንድ ንሞት ሞት ሕጋዊ ዝገብር ውሳነ ኣብ ግብሪ ወዒሉ። ሆላንድ፡ ኣብ መወዳእታ ደረጃ ንዝሓመሙ ሕሙማት ህይወቶም ከብቅዑ መሰል ዝሃበት ፈላመይቲ ሃገር ኮይና። ** 2002 - ታይዋን ከም ቻይናዊት ታይፐይ ኣባል ውድብ ንግዲ ዓለም ኮይና ። ** 2004 – ፕረዚደንት ፓኪስታን ፐርቨዝ መሽረፍ ኣብ ድምጺ ባይቶ ናይ እምነት ድምጺ ብምርካብ ክሳብ 2007 ከገልግል ኣኽኢልዎ። ** 2005 - ካብ ሊራ ቱርኪ (TL) 6 ዜሮታት ተኣልዩ ። ሓዳስ ሊራ ቱርኪ (YTL) ናብ ዕዳጋ ኣትያ። ** 2006 - ሓድሽ ማናት (AZN ) ማዕረ 5000 ኣረጊት ማናት (AZM ) ኣብ ኣዘርባጃን ናብ ዕዳጋ ኣትዩ። ** 2007 - ቡልጋርያን ሮማንያን ብወግዒ ኣባላት ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ኮይነን ። ስሎቨንያ ናብ ዞባ ኤውሮጳ ተጸንቢራ። ** 2007 - ቦይንግ 737 ዝዓይነታ ናይ ተሳፈርቲ ነፋሪት ቁጽሪ በረራ AA574 ዘለዋ ናይ ኢንዶነዥያ ኣዳም ኣየር መንገዲ ኣየር ኣብ ኣኽራናዊ ዞባ ደሴት ሱላዌሲ ተሓምሺሻ ። ኣብታ ነፋሪት 102 ሰባት ነይሮም። ** 2008 - ማልታ ፡ ሪፓብሊክ ቆጵሮስ ፡ ኣግሮቱርን ደከልያን ናብ ኣጠቓቕማ ዩሮ ተቐይረን ። ** 2009 - ኣውስትርያ ፡ ጃፓን ፡ ሜክሲኮ ፡ ቱርኪን ኡጋንዳን ኣብ መኣዲ ባይቶ ጸጥታ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ከም ቀወምቲ ዘይኮና ኣባላት ኮይነን ቦታአን ሒዘን ። ** 2009 - ዩሮ ክትጥቀም ዝጀመረት ስሎቫክያ መበል 16 ኣባል ዞባ ኤውሮጳ ኮይና ። ** 2009 - ኣብ ርእሰ ከተማ ታይላንድ ባንኮክ ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ጽምብል ሓድሽ ዓመት ብውሑዱ 61 (66?) ሰባት ብባርዕ ሓዊ ሞይቶም ። ** 2009 - TRT 6 ፈነወ ጀሚሩ። ብ10 ጥሪ 2015 ድማ TRT Kurdî ተባሂሉ ተሰይሙ ። ** 2010 - ኣብ ልዕሊ ህንዳዊ ውቅያኖስ ጸሓያዊ ከውሊ ኣጋጢሙ ። ** 2010 - ስጳኛ ፕረዚደንትነት ቤት ምኽሪ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ካብ ሽወደን ሒዛ ። ** 2010 - ኣብ ፓኪስታን ከተማ ላኪ ማርዋት ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ውድድር ቮሊቦል ብዝተፈጸመ ነብሰ ቅትለታዊ መጥቃዕቲ 105 ሰባት ክሞቱ እንከለዉ ልዕሊ 100 ሰባት ድማ ቆሲሎም ። ** 2011 - ኢስቶንያ ናብ ዞባ ኤውሮጳ ተጸንቢራ ። ** 2011 - ከተማታት ኢስቶንያ ታሊንን ፊንላንድን ከተማታት ቱርኩ ንሓደ ዓመት ርእሰ ከተማ ባህሊ ኤውሮጳ ኮይነን ። ** 2011 - ሃንጋሪ ንፕረዚደንትነት ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ሒዛ ። ** 2011 - ኣብ ግብጺ እስክንድርያ ብቅብኣውያን ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ስርዓት ሓድሽ ዓመት ብዝተፈጸመ ፍንጀራ 23 ሰባት ሞይቶም ። ** 2013 - ኣብ ኣይቮሪኮስት ምርኢት ርችት ኣብ ዝተኻየደሉ ስታድዩም ብዝተፈጥረ ዕግርግር 61 ሰባት ሞይቶም ። ** 2014 - ላቲቭያ ንዩሮ ክትጥቀም ጀሚራ ናብ ዞባ ኤውሮጳ ተጸንቢራ ። ** 2014 - ኡሜዮ ሪጋ ርእሰ ከተማ ባህሊ ኤውሮጳ ኮይና ። ** 2015 - ሊትዋንያ መበል 19 ኣባል ዞባ ኤውሮጳ ኮይና ። ** 2015 - ብመሪሕነት ሩስያ ፣ ካዛኪስታንን ቤላሩስን ዝተመስረተ ቁጠባዊ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት ኣብ ግብሪ ወዒሉ። ** 2017 - ኣብ ኢስታንቡል ኣብ ዝርከብ ናይት ክለብ ረይና መጥቃዕቲ ተፈጺሙ ። == ልደት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * 1431 - VI. ኣሌክሳንደር ፣ መበል 214 ርእሰ ሊቃነ ጳጳሳት ካቶሊካዊት ቤተ ክርስቲያን ( 1503 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1449 – ሎረንዞ ደ ሜዲቺ ፣ ብጭቡጥ ገዛኢ ፍሎረንስ ( 1492 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1467 – ዚግሙንት ቀዳማይ ፡ ንጉስ ፖላንድን ዓቢ ልኡል ሊትዋንያን፡ ኣባል ስርወ መንግስቲ ጃጊሎንያን ( 1548 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1484 – Huldrych Zwingli , ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ምሁር ስነ-መለኮትን መራሒ ተሃድሶ ፕሮቴስታንት ስዊዘርላንድን ( 1531 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1557 – ኢስትቫን ቦክስካይ ካብ 1605 ክሳብ 1606 ልኡል ትራንሲልቫንያን ሃንጋሪን '''እዩ ነይሩ (''' 1606 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1638 – ጎ-ሳይ ፣ መበል 111 ሃጸይ ጃፓን ብባህላዊ ስርዓት ተኸታታሊ ( 1685 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1774 – ኣንድረ ማሪ ኮንስታንት ዱሜሪል ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ተመራማሪ እንስሳታት ( 1860 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1788 – ኤቲን ካቤት ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ፈላስፋ፡ ዩቶፕያዊ ሶሻሊስትን ክልሰ-ሓሳባዊን ( 1856 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1803 – ማኑኤል ፌሊፐ ደ ቶቫር ፡ ፖለቲከኛን ፕረዚደንትን ቬንዙዌላ ( 1866 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1814 – ሆንግ ሺዩኳን ፡ መራሒ ናዕቢ ታይፒንግን ገዛኢ ናይታ ንሓጺር እዋን ዝጸንሐት ግዝኣት ታይፒንግ ቲያንጉኦን (1864 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1823 – ሳንዶር ፔቶፊ ፡ ሃንጋርያዊ ገጣሚ ( 1849 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1854 – ጀምስ ጆርጅ ፍሬዘር ፡ ስኮትላንዳዊ ተመራማሪ ስነ-ሰብ፡ ደራስን ፎክሎሪስትን ( 1941 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1863 – ፒየር ደ ኩበርቲን ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ፔዳጎግ፡ ጸሓፍ ታሪኽን ኣትሌትን ( መስራቲ ጸወታታት ኦሎምፒክ ) ( 1937 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1864 – ኣልፍሬድ ስቲግሊትዝ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ሰኣላይ ( 1946 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1879 – ኤድዋርድ ሞርጋን ፎርስተር ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ጸሓፊ ልብ-ወለድ፡ ሓጺር ዛንታን ድርሰትን ( 1970 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1879 – ዊልያም ፎክስ ፡ ሃንጋርያዊ-ኣመሪካዊ ኣፍራዪ ፊልም ( 1952 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1887 – ዊልሄም ካናሪስ ፡ ጀርመናዊ ኣድሚራልን ሓላፊ ኣብዌህርን ኣብ ናዚ ጀርመን ( 1945 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1891 – ቻርለስ ቢክፎርድ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ( 1967 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1893 – በህቸት ኡዝ ፡ ቱርካዊ ሓኪም ( 1986 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1894 – ሳትየንድራ ናት ቦስ '''፡ ህንዳዊ''' ክኢላ ሒሳብን ፊዚክስን ( 1974 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1895 – ጆን ኤድጋር ሁቨር ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ህዝባዊ በዓል ስልጣንን መስራቲ ፈደራላዊ ቢሮ መርመራ ኣመሪካን (FBI) ( 1972 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1900 – ዛቪየር ኩጋት '''፡ ስጳኛዊ''' ሙዚቀኛን መሪሕን ( 1990 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1900 – ቺዩነ ሱጊሃራ '''፡ ጃፓናዊ''' ዲፕሎማት ( 1986 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1901 – ኒዛመቲን ናዚፍ ተፔደለንሊዮግሉ ፡ ቱርካዊ ጋዜጠኛን ጸሓፍን ( 1970 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1904 – ፋዛል ኢላሂ ቻውድሪ ፡ ፓኪስታናዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1982 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1906 – ሃሲ ኦመር ሳባንቺ ፡ ቱርካዊ ነጋዳይን መስራቲ ሳባንቺ ሆልዲንግን ( 1966 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1908 – ኣቭኒ ዲሊጊል ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይን ዳይረክተርን ( 1971 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1911 – ነክደት ኬንት ፡ ቱርካዊ ዲፕሎማት ( 2002 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1912 – ኪም ፊልቢ ፡ ሓላፊ ስለያ እንግሊዝ (እቲ ኣገዳሲ ድርብ ሰላዪ ዘመነ ዝሑል ኲናት) ( 1988 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1912 – ኒኪፎሮስ ቭሬታኮስ ፡ ግሪኻዊ ገጣምን ጸሓፍን ( 1991 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1915 – ኢህሳን ደቭሪም ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትርን ሲነማን (ሞይቱ 2010 ) * 1916 – ዳንያል ቶፓታን ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ሲነማ ( 1975 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1917 – ፋህሪ ኤርዲንች ፡ ቱርካዊ ሰብ ፊደላትን ገጣምን ( 1986 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1917 – ነዛሃት ታንየሪ ፡ ቱርካዊ ስነ-ጥበባዊ ትያትርን ሲነማን ( 1986 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1918 – Gündüz Kılıç ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪን ኣሰልጣንን (ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ጋላታሳራይ) ( 1980 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1919 – ካሮል ላንዲስ ኣሜሪካዊት ተዋሳኢት ፊልም እያ ( 1948 ዓ.ም.ፈ. )። * 1919 – ሺላ መርሲየር ፡ እንግሊዛዊት ተዋሳኢት (ሞይታ 2019 ) * 1919 – ጀሮም ዴቪድ ሳሊንገር ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ደራሲ (ሞይቱ 2010 ) * 1919 – ሮኪ ግራዝያኖ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ቦክሰኛ ( 1990 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1920 – ኦስቫልዶ ካቫንዶሊ ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ካርቱን ስነ-ጥበባዊ ( 2007 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1921 – ሴዛር ባልዳቺኒ '''፡ ፈረንሳዊ''' ቅርጻዊ ( 1998 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1921 – ረጂና ቢያንቺ ፡ ኢጣልያዊት ተዋሳኢት ቲቪን ፊልምን ( 2013 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1922 – ማሲድ ታንር ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትር ( 2013 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1923 – ቫለንቲና ኮርተሰ ፡ ኢጣልያዊት ተዋሳኢት (ሞይታ 2019 ) * 1924 – ፍራንሲስኮ ማሲያስ ንጉማ ፡ ፖለቲከኛ ኢኳቶርያል ጊኒ ( 1979 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1926 – ሱለይማን ዲልቢርሊጊ ፡ ወተሃደር ቱርኪ ( 2017 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1927 – ዓብደልባሲት ዓብዱሳመድ ፡ ግብጻዊ ሓፊዝን ቁርኣናዊ ተማሃራይን ( 1988 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1927 – ኣሕመድ ኮስታሪካ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ፊልም ( 1994 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1927 – ሞሪስ ቤጃርት ፡ ፈረንሳዊ-ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ሳዕሳዒ፡ ኮርዮግራፈርን ዳይረክተር ኦፔራን ( 2007 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1927 – ቨርኖን ኤል ስሚዝ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ክኢላ ስነ-ቑጠባን ተዓዋቲ ሽልማት ኖቤል ስነ-ቑጠባን። * 1928 – ዓብዱሳታር ኢድሂ ፡ ፓኪስታናዊ ገበርቲ ሰናይ (ሞይቱ 2016 ) * 1929 – በዲህ ዮሉክ (ካዛንቺ በዲህ)፡ ቱርካዊ ጋዛል ( 2004 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1929 – መቲን ኤርክሳን ፡ ቱርካዊ ዳይረክተር ፊልም ( 2012 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1930 – ኣዶኒስ ፡ ሶርያዊ ገጣምን ጸሓፊ ድርሰትን * 1930 – ታሕሲን ሳራች ፡ ቱርካዊ ገጣሚ ( 1989 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1932 – Leman Çıdamlı ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትር፡ ፊልምን ቲቪን ( 2012 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1932 – ሱኣት ያላዝ ፡ ቱርካዊ ካርቱን ስነ-ጥበባዊ፡ ስእለኛ፡ ጸሓፊ ግራፊክ ልብ-ወለድ፡ ዳይረክተር ፊልም፡ ጸሓፊ ስክሪንን ኣፍራዪ ፊልምን (ሞይቱ 2020 ) * 1933 – ጀምስ ሆርሜል ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ፖለቲከኛ፡ ገበርቲ ሰናይ (ሞት 2021 ) * 1933 – ጆ ኦርተን ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ጸሓፊ ተዋስኦ፡ ደራሲ ( 1967 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1933 – ሳቢሃ ታንሱግ ፡ ቱርካዊት ሊቃውንቲ ፎክሎርን ኣካቢትን ( 2023 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1934 – ላህዳር ኢብራሂሚ ፡ ኣልጀርያዊ ዲፕሎማትን ሚኒስተር ጉዳያት ወጻኢ ነበርን። * 1936 – ኣሕመድ ሱኣት ኦዝያዚቺ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ነበርን ኣሰልጣኒን ( 2023 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1937 – ኑሪ ሰሲጉዘል ፡ ቱርካዊ ስነጥበባዊ ድምጺን ተዋሳኣይ ፊልምን ( 2023 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1938  –  ሃሊት ኣክቻተፐ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትር፡ ፊልምን ቲቪን (ሞይቱ  2017 ) * 1938  –  ፍራንክ ላንገላ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ * 1938 – ሃሊስ ቶፕራክ ፡ ቱርካዊ ነጋዳይን መስራቲ ቶፕራክ ሆልዲንግን ( 2016 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1939 – ሚሸል መርሲየር ፡ ፈረንሳዊት ተዋሳኢት ፊልም * 1939 – ጉል ያላዝ ፡ ቱርካዊት ተዋሳኢት ፊልምን ቲቪን ( 2013 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1941 – ኣይሸ ሻሳ ፡ ቱርካዊ ጸሓፊ ስክሪንን ደራስን (ሞይቱ 2014 ) * 1942 – ኣላሳን ኦዋታራ ፡ ፖለቲከኛ ኣይቮሪኮስት ኮይኑ ፕረዚደንት ኣይቮሪኮስት ኮይኑ * 1942 – ሴቫት ዩርዳኩል ፡ ቱርካዊ ፖሊስ ( 1979 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1944 – ኢስሜት ቪልዳን ኣልፕተኪን ፡ ቱርካዊ ሳይንቲስት * 1944 – ዛፋሩላህ ካን ጀማሊ ፡ ፓኪስታናዊ ፖለቲከኛን ኣመሓዳሪ ስፖርትን ( 2020 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1944 – ዑመር ኣልበሽር ፡ ሱዳናዊ ወተሃደርን ፖለቲከኛን። * 1944 – ኡጉርታን ሳይነር ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትር፡ ፊልምን ቲቪን ( 2021 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1945 – ጃኪ ኢክስ ፡ ቤልጅየማዊ መራሒ ውድድር ውድድር ነበር * 1946 – ብርሰን ዓይዳ ፡ ቱርካዊት ተዋሳኢት ፊልም ( 2011 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1946 – ሮበርቶ ሪቨሊኖ ፡ ሃገራዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ብራዚል ነበር * 1948 – ደቭሌት ባህቸሊ ፡ ቱርካዊ ስነ-ቑጠባዊ ምሁር፡ ፖለቲከኛን ኣቦ መንበር ኤምኤችፒን ። * 1948 – ዲክ ኳክስ ፡ ተወላዲ ሆላንድ ኒውዚላንድ ኣትሌትን ፖለቲከኛን (ሞይቱ 2018 ) * 1950 – ሴንጊዝ ሰዚቺ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትር፡ ፊልምን ቲቪን (ሞይቱ 2019 ) * 1951 – Yalçın Güzelce ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትር፡ ፊልምን ቲቪን ( 2015 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1952 – ሑሴን ቬሊዮግሉ ፡ መስራቲ መራሒ ሂዝቦላህ ( 2000 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1952 – ኣና ማርያ ሞንቲቸሊ ፡ ተወላዲት ሞሮካዊት ኣውስትራልያዊት ተዋሳኢት መበቆላ ጥልያን እያ። * 1952 – İbrahim Tatlıses ፡ ቱርካዊ ደራፋይ፡ ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃ፡ ኣፍራዪን ተዋሳኣይን። * 1953 – ኦዛይ ፈችት ፡ ቱርካዊ ደራፋይ ጃዝ፡ ተዋሳኣይን መምህርን * 1953 – ጋሪ ጆንሰን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ፖለቲከኛ፡ ነጋዳይ * 1953 – መህመድ ኡዙን ፡ ቱርካዊ ጸሓፊ መበቆል ኩርዳውያን (ሞይቱ 2007 ) * 1954 – ያኒስ ፓፓታናሲዩ '''፡ ግሪኻዊ''' ፖለቲከኛ * 1954 – ኩርቱሉሽ ቱርክጉቨን ፡ ቱርካዊ ሙዚቀኛ ( 2009 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1954 – ቮልካን ሳራሶግሉ ፡ ቱርካዊ ሲነማ፡ ተኸታታሊ ፊልምታት ቲቪን ተዋሳኣይ ትያትርን (ሞይቱ 2014 ) * 1955 – ቡርሃን ኩዙ ፡ ቱርካዊ ክኢላ ሕጊን ፖለቲከኛን (ሞይቱ 2020 ) * 1956 – ዲልበር ኣይ (ዲልበር ካራካሽ)፡ ቱርካዊ ደራፋይ፡ ጸሓፊ ደርፍን ኣቕራቢን (ሞይቱ 2019 ) * 1956 – ኣንዲ ጊል ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ድሕሪ ፓንክ ጊታሪስትን ኣፍራዪ ሙዚቃን ( 2020 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1956 – ክርስቲን ላጋርድ ፡ ፈረንሳዊት ጠበቓን ፖለቲከኛን። * 1957 – ኢቫንጀሎስ ቨኒዘሎስ ፡ ግሪኻዊ ፖለቲከኛ * 1958 – ግራንድማስተር ፍላሽ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ስነጥበባዊ ሙዚቃ ሂፕ ሆፕን ዲጄን። * 1958 – ኣሞር ሃካር ፡ ኣልጀርያዊ ተዋሳኣይ * 1958 – Şükrü Kızılot ፡ ቱርካዊ ምሁርን ጋዜጠኛን ( 2017 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1959 – ኣዛሊ ኣሱማኒ ፡ ኮሞርያዊ ወተሃደርን ፖለቲከኛን። * 1959 – ዑስማን ደሊክኩላክ ፡ ቱርካዊ ፖለቲከኛን ከንቲባ ሲድ ነበርን። * 1959 – ያማን ታርካን ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ፊልምን ትያትርን ( 2009 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1960 – ሃካን ካራሃን ፡ ቱርካዊ ደራሲ፡ ገጣሚ፡ ጸሓፊ ስክሪን፡ ተዋሳኣይን ኣፍራዪ ፊልምን። * 1961 – ኣሕመድ ሻፋክ ፡ ቱርካዊ ሙዚቀኛ፡ ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃን ተዋሳኣይን። * 1961 – ደኒዝ ኣርማን ፡ ቱርካዊ ጋዜጠኛን ኣተሓባባሪ ዜናን። * 1962 – ኮርካን ካራር ፡ ቱርካዊ መልህቕ ዜና * 1963 – ደቭራን ቻግላር ፡ ቱርካዊ ስነጥበባዊ ሙዚቃን ተዋሳኣይን ኣራቤስክ (ሞይቱ 2019 ) * 1964 – ኣይሸን ኣይደሚር ፡ ቱርካዊት ተዋሳኢት ፊልምን ትያትርን ( 1999 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1964 – ሊዛ ሊን ማስተርስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ተዋሳኢትን ሞዴልን ( 2016 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1964 – ደዲ ፋይፈር ኣሜሪካዊት ተዋሳኢት እያ። * 1965 – ባርባራ ግሪፊን ፡ ኣየርላንዳዊት ተዋሳኢት * 1966  – ኢቪካ ዳቺች '''፡ ሰርብያዊት''' ፖለቲከኛ * 1966  – ቲሆሚር ኦረሽኮቪች ፡ ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ክሮኤሽያ '''ነበር''' * 1966  –  ሙኒራ ያሚን ሳቲ ፡ ፓኪስታናዊት ፖለቲከኛ (  2021 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1968 – ዳቮር ሱከር ፡ ክሮኤሽያዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1968 – ቶፕራክ ሰርገን ፡ ቱርካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ትያትር፡ ፊልምን ቲቪን ከምኡ’ውን ተዋሳኣይ ድምጺ * 1969 – ሞሪስ ቸስትነት ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ * 1969 – ቨርነ ትሮየር ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ፡ ኮሜድያንን ስቱንትማንን ( 2018 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1970 – ሰርጌይ ኪርያኮቭ '''፡ ሩስያዊ''' ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪን ኣሰልጣንን * 1971 – ኤምራህ ፡ ቱርካዊ ደራፋይ፡ ደራሲ ደርፍን ተዋሳኣይን። * 1972 – ሊልያን ቱራም ፡ ፈረንሳዊት ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1975 – ማርክ ፓኬት ፡ ካናዳዊ ተዋሳኣይ * 1976 – ሙስጣፋ ዶጋን ፡ መበቆል ቱርኪ ዝኾነ ጀርመናዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1979 – ፋቲሕ ኤርባካን ፡ ቱርካዊ ፖለቲከኛን መሃንድስን * 1981 – Mladen Petrić , ክሮኤሽያዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ነበር * 1982 – Egidio Arévalo , ኡራጋያዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1983 – ሜላይን ዎከር ፡ ጃማይካዊት ኣትሌት * 1984 – ፓኦሎ ጌረሮ ፡ ፔሩዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1985 – ስቲቨን ዳቪስ ፡ ሃገራዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ሰሜን ኣየርላንድ * 1985 – ቲያጎ ስፕሊተር ፡ ብራዚላዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ ሰኪዔት '''።''' * 1986 – ግለን ዳቪስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ ሰኪዔት '''።''' * 1986 – ኮሊን ሞርጋን ሰሜናዊ ኣየርላንዳዊ ተዋሳኣይ እዩ። * 1986 – ቪክቶርያ ኣሜሊና ፡ ዩክሬናዊት ጸሓፊትን ገጣሚትን ( 2023 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1987 – ሜሪል ዳቪስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ፊግር ስኬተር * 1987 – ሰርዳር ኦዝካን ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1989 – ሓሰን ዓሊ ዱርቱሉክ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1990 – Koray Avcı ፡ ቱርካዊ ሙዚቀኛ * 1990 – ናድያ ፓሪስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ተዋሳኢት ፊልም ስእለ-ጽዩፍ * 1991 – ፊራት ይልማዝ ቻኪሮግሉ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተማሃራይ ( 2015 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1992 – ሃዛር ኤርጉችሉ ፡ ቱርካዊት ተዋሳኢት * 1992 – ጃክ ዊልሸር ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1993 – Oğuz Yılmaz ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1993 – Sadık Çiftpınar ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1995 – ኑሪ ፋቲሕ ኣይዲን ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1995 – ራቸል ኣማንዳ ፡ ኢንዶነዥያዊት ተዋሳኢትን ደራፊትን * 1995 – ፖፒ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ሙዚቀኛን ደራስን ደርፍታትን * 1996 – ማሙዱ ጋሳማ ፡ ኣብ ፈረንሳ ዝነብር መበቆል ማሊ ዝኾነ ፈረንሳዊ ዜጋ፡ ኣብ ደጋዊ ሸነኽ ናይ ሓደ ኣፓርታማ ብሎክ ኣብ ውሽጢ 30 ካልኢት ኣርባዕተ ደርቢ ደይቡ፡ ኣብ ባርኮኒ ተሰቒሉ ዝነበረ ወዲ ኣርባዕተ ዓመት ህጻን ኣድሒኑ * 1997 – መሓመድ በሺር ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 1998 – Hüseyin Türkmen , ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 2000 – ኤካተሪና ኣሌክሳንደርቭስካያ ፡ ሩስያዊት-ኣውስትራልያዊት ፊጉር ስካይተር ( 2020 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 2001 – ኣርዳ ኣክቡሉት ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 2001 – ኤርሲን ደስታኖግሉ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 2001 – ኦመርካን ኢልያሶግሉ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ ሰኪዔት። * 2001 – መሓመድ ጉሙሽካያ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ * 2001 – Zeynep Şevval Gül ፡ ቱርካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ ሰኪዔት። * 2001 – ኣንጎሪ ራይስ ፡ ኣውስትራልያዊት ተዋሳኢት ፊልም * 2001 – ኤሚርሃን ቻካል ፡ ቱርካዊ ደራፋይን ደራስን ደርፍታት * 2002 – ኤረን ቡልቡል ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ሓይልታት ፖሊስ ቱርኪን ኣባላት ፒ.ኬ.ኬን ኣብ ዝተኻየደ ግጭት ህይወቱ ዝሰኣነ ቱርካዊ ወዲ ( 2017 ዓ.ም.ፈ. == ሞት [ ኣርትዖት | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * 379 – ባሲል ፣ ሜትሮፖሊታን ቀጶዶቅያ ( 329 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 404 – ቅዱስ ቴለማኮስ ፡ ክርስትያን ቅዱስ * 1204 - III. ሃኮን '''፣''' ንጉስ ኖርወይ * 1515 - XII. ሉዊስ ፣ ንጉስ ፈረንሳ ( 1462 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1559 - III. ክርስቲያን ፣ ንጉስ ዴንማርክ ካብ 1534 (1503 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ። * 1560 – ዮኣኪም ዱ ቤላይ ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ገጣሚ ህዳሴ ( 1522 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1748 – ዮሃን በርኖሊ ፡ ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ክኢላ ስነ-ሕሳብ ( 1667 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1782 – ዮሃን ክርስቲያን ባክ ፡ ጀርመናዊ ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃ ( 1735 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1793 – ፍራንቸስኮ ላዛሮ ጓርዲ ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ውርዙይን ቀባኢ ቤት ትምህርቲ ቬነዝዌላን (1712 ዓ.ም.ፈ.) * 1803 – ሉዊጂ ማየር ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ቀባኢ ( 1755 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1817 – ማርቲን ሃይንሪክ ክላፕሮት ፡ ጀርመናዊ ኬሚስት ( 1743 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1851 – ዮሃን ሃይንሪክ ፍሪድሪክ ሊንክ ፡ ጀርመናዊ ተመራማሪ ተፈጥሮን ስነ-ዕጽዋትን ( 1767 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1862 – ሚካኤል ቫሲሊየቪች ኦስትሮግራድስኪ ሃጸያዊ ሩስያዊ ናይ ስነ-ሕሳብ፡ መካኒክን ፊዚከኛን መበቆሉ ዩክሬናዊ ኮዛክ (ል. 1801 ) * 1881 – ሉዊስ-ኦጉስት ብላንኪ ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ጸሓፊ ( 1805 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1891 – ኣንቶንዮ ስቶፓኒ ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ተመራማሪ ስነ-ምድራዊ ስነ-ፍልጠት፡ ተመራማሪ ስነ-ጥንቲ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ፈላሚ ጸሓፊ ህዝባዊ ሳይንስ ( 1824 ተወሊዱ ) * 1894 – ሃይንሪክ ሄርትዝ ፡ ጀርመናዊ ፊዚከኛ ( 1857 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1901 – ጎትሊብ ቪሄ ፡ ጀርመናዊ ሚስዮናዊ ( 1839 ተወሊዱ ) * 1921 – ቴዮባልድ ፎን ቤትማን ሆልዌግ ፡ ጀርመናዊ ፖለቲከኛን ቻንስለር ጀርመንን ( 1856 ተወሊዱ )። * 1929 – በርተን ዳውኒንግ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ብሽክለታ ( 1885 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1929 – ሙስጣፋ ነካቲ ፡ ቱርካዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1894 ዓ.ም.ፈ. )። * 1931 – ማርቲነስ በይጀሪንክ '''፡ ሆላንዳዊ''' ተመራማሪ ማይክሮባዮሎጂን ስነ-ዕጽዋትን ( 1851 ተወሊዱ ) * 1944 – ኤድዊን ሉቲየንስ '''፡ እንግሊዛዊ ኣርኪተክተር (''' 1869 ተወሊዱ ) * 1953 – ሃንክ ዊልያምስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ደራፋይ፡ ጊታሪስትን ደረፍን ( 1923 ተወሊዱ ) * 1956 – ዣን ደ ላ ሂረ ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ጸሓፊ ( 1878 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1958 – ኤድዋርድ ዌስተን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ሰኣላይ ( 1886 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1960 – ማርጋሬት ሱላቫን ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ተዋሳኢት መድረኽን ስክሪንን ( 1909 ተወሊዳ ) * 1963 – ፊሊፖ ደል ጁዲስ ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ኣፍራዪ ፊልም ( 1892 ተወሊዱ ) * 1965 – መህመት ኤሚን ኤሪሺርጊል ፡ ቱርካዊ መምህር፡ ፈላስፋ፡ ጸሓፍን ፖለቲከኛን ( 1891 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 1966 – ቪንሰንት ኣውሪዮል ፡ ፕረዚደንት ፈረንሳ ( 1884 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 1969 – ሙምታዝ ቱርሃን ፡ ቱርካዊ ማሕበራዊ ስነ-ልቦናን ሓላፊ ክፍሊ ፈተነ ስነ-ልቦናን ኣብ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኢስታንቡል ( 1908 ተወሊዱ ) * 1972 – ሞሪስ ሸቫሊየር ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ተዋሳኣይን ደራፋይን ( 1888 ተወሊዱ ) * 1980 – ፒየትሮ ነኒ ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ጋዜጠኛ፡ ፖለቲከኛን መራሒ ማሕበርነታዊ ሰልፊ ኢጣልያን ( 1891 ዓ.ም.ፈ. )። * 1992 – ግሬስ ሆፐር ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ሳይንቲስት ኮምፒተርን ድሕሪት ኣድሚራል ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካን ( 1906 ተወሊዳ )። * 1994 – ሴዛር ሮሜሮ ፡ ኩባዊ-ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ( 1907 ተወሊዱ ) * 1995 - ዲልበር ኣይ  (ጉልሸን ደሚርቺ)፡ ቱርካዊት ተዋሳኢት ሲነማ (  1958 ተወሊዳ ) * 1995 – ዩጂን ዊግነር ፡ ሃንጋርያዊ-ኣመሪካዊ ፊዚከኛን ክኢላ ስነ-ሕሳብን ( 1902 ተወሊዱ ) * 2001 – ሬይ ዋልስቶን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ ( 1914 ተወሊዱ ) * 2003 – ዩሱፍ ናልከሰን ፡ ቱርካዊ ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃ ( 1923 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2010 – ላሳ ደ ሴላ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ደራፋይን ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃን ( 1972 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2012 – ጆርጅ ኣንድሬስ ቦሮ ፡ ኣርጀንቲናዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ሞተር ሳይክል ( 1973 ተወሊዱ ) * 2012 – ኪሮ ግሊጎሮቭ ፡ መቄዶንያዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1917 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2013 – ክሪስቶፈር ማርቲን-ጀንኪንስ ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ጋዜጠኛ፡ ደራስን ኣቕራቢን ( 1945 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 2013 – ፓቲ ፔጅ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ደራፊትን ተዋሳኢትን ( 1927 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2014 – ጁዋኒታ ሙር ኣመሪካዊት ተዋሳኢት እያ ( 1914 ተወሊዳ ) * 2015 – ማሪዮ ኩሞ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ፖለቲከኛን ደራስን ( 1932 ተወሊዱ ) * 2015 – ዶና ዳግላስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ተዋሳኢትን ኮሜድያንን ( 1933 ተወሊዳ ) * 2015 – ኦመር ካራሚ ፡ ሊባኖሳዊ ፖለቲከኛን 2ይ ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ሊባኖስን ( 1934 ተወሊዱ ) * 2015 – ቦሪስ ሞሩኮቭ ፡ ሩስያዊ ፊዚከኛን ኮስሞናውትን ( 1950 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2016 – ፋዙ ኣሊየቫ ፡ ሩስያዊ ገጣሚ፡ ጸሓፊ ልብ-ወለድን ጋዜጠኛን መበቆል ኣቫር ( 1932 ተወሊዱ ) * 2016 – ኣንቶንዮ ካሪዞ ፡ ኣርጀንቲናዊ ኣቕራቢ ( 1926 ተወሊዱ ) * 2016 – ይጊት ኦኩር ፡ ቱርካዊ ጠበቓን ጸሓፍን ( 1934 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2016 – ቪልሞስ ዚሲግሞንድ ፡ ተዓዋቲ ሽልማት ኦስካር ሃንጋርያዊ-ኣመሪካዊ ሲነማቶግራፈር ( 1930 ተወሊዱ ) * 2017 – ቶኒ ኣትኪንሰን ፡ ብሪጣንያዊ ምሁርን ስነ-ቑጠባን ( 1944 ተወሊዱ ) * 2017 – ሂላርዮን ካፑቺ ፡ ሶርያ ካቶሊካዊ ሊቀ ጳጳስ ( 1922 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2017 – ካርል ገርስትነር ፣ ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ዲዛይነር ግራፊክ ( 1930 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2017 – መል ሎፔዝ ፡ ፊሊፒናዊ ቢሮክራትን ፖለቲከኛን ( 1935 ተወሊዱ ) * 2017 – ጆርጅ ሚለር ፡ ስኮትላንዳዊ ተጻዋታይ ክሪከት ( 1929 ተወሊዱ ) * 2017 – ዴሪክ ፓርፊት ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ፈላስፋን ደራስን ( 1942 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2017 – ታላት ቱንሳልፕ ፡ ቱርካዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ብሽክለታ ኦሎምፒክ ( 1915 ተወሊዱ ) * 2018 – ገርት ብራወር ፡ ጀርመናዊ ሃገራዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ( 1955 ተወሊዱ ) * 2018 – ሮበርት ማን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተጻዋታይ ክራር፡ ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃን መሪሕን ( 1920 ተወሊዱ ) * 2018 – ኢብራሂም ናፈይ ፡ ግብጻዊ ጋዜጠኛ ( 1934 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2018 – ጃን ኦቶ ጆሃንሰን ፡ ኖርወጃዊ ጋዜጠኛ፡ ኣሰናዳኢ፡ ሪፖርተርን ደራስን ( 1934 ተወሊዱ ) * 2018 – ማኑኤል ኦሊቨንሽያ ፡ ስጳኛዊ ጠበቓን ምሁርን ( 1929 ተወሊዱ ) * 2018 – ማውሮ ስታቺዮሊ ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ቅርጻዊ ( 1937 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2019 – ዩሪ ኣርትሱታኖቭ ፡ ሩስያዊ መሃንድስ ኣየርን ስፔስን ( 1929 ተወሊዱ ) * 2019 – Dagfinn Bakke , ኖርወጃዊ ቀባኢን ስነጥበባዊ ስእልን ( 1933 ተወሊዱ ) * 2019 – ሬይሞንድ ራማዛኒ ባያ ፡ ዲ.ኣር ኮንጎዊ ፖለቲከኛን ሚኒስተር ነበርን (ል. 1943 ) * 2019 – ኢቫን ዲሚትሮቭ ፡ ሃገራዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ቡልጋርያ ( 1935 ተወሊዱ ) * 2019 – Feis Ecktuh , ሆላንዳዊ ደራፋይ ራፕን ሙዚቀኛን ( 1986 ተወሊዱ ) * 2019 – ኤልሳቤጥ ኤድጋር ፡ ክኢላ ስነ-ዕጽዋት ኒውዚላንድ ( 1929 ተወሊዳ ) * 2019 – ካቲ ፍሊን ፡ እንግሊዛዊት ጸሓፊትን ጸሓፊት ልብ-ወለድን ( 1936 ተወሊዳ ) * 2019 – ኢቮ ግረጉረቪች ፡ ክሮኤሽያዊ ተዋሳኣይ ( 1952 ተወሊዱ ) * 2019 – ጆኣን ጊንጆኣን ፡ ስጳኛዊት ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃን ፒያኒስትን ( 1931 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2019 – Kris Kelmi , ሶቭየት-ሩስያዊ ሙዚቀኛን ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃን ( 1955 ተወሊዱ ) * 2019 – ፖል ኔቪል ፡ ኣውስትራልያዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1940 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2019 – ጆሴ ኣንቶንዮ ፑጃንተ ፡ ስጳኛዊ ፖለቲከኛን ፕሮፌሰር ፍልስፍናን ( 1964 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2019 – ማሪያ ተረዛ ኡሪበ ፡ ኮሎምብያዊት ስነ-ማሕበረሰብ ( 1940 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2019 – ፔጊ ያንግ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ደራፊት፡ ደራሲት ደርፊ፡ ተጣባቒት ከባቢ፡ መምህርን ገበርቲ ሰናይን (ል. 1952 ) * 2020 – János Aczél , ሃንጋርያዊ-ካናዳዊ ምሁር ስነ-ሕሳብ ( 1924 ተወሊዱ ) * 2020 – ሌክሲ ኣሊጃይ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ደራፊትን ሙዚቀኛን ራፕ ( 1998 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2020 – ጆኣን ቤንሰን ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ሙዚቀኛን መምህርን ( 1925 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 2020 – ቶሚ ሃንኮክ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ሙዚቀኛ ( 1929 ዓ.ም.ፈ. * 2020 – ሮላንድ ሚንሰን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ ሰኪዔት ( 1929 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) * 2020 – ፒተር ሎ ሱይ ዪን ፡ ማሌዥያዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1923 ተወሊዱ ) * 2020 – ዴቪድ ጀይ ስተርን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ስፖርተኛ ( NBA mogul) ( 1942 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ዓብደል ሓኪም ኣልታህር ፡ ሱዳናዊ ተዋሳኣይን ዳይረክተር ፊልምን ( 1949 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 - ባሪ ኦስቲን ፡ ኣብ ዕድሚኡ ዝኸበደ ምዃኑ ዝፍለጥ እንግሊዛዊ (ል. 1968 ) ** 2021 – ቤን ቻፊን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ጠበቓ፡ ሓረስታይን ፖለቲከኛን ( 1960 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – በርናርድ ጊግነዶክስ ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪን ኣሰልጣኒን ( 1947 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ካርሎስ ኤስኩደ ፡ ኣርጀንቲናዊ ፖለቲካዊ ሳይንቲስትን ጸሓፍን ( 1948 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ካርሎስ ዶ ካርሞ ፡ ፖርቱጋላዊ ደራፋይን ደረፍን ( 1939 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ክሊንት ቦልተን ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ( 1948 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ኤልሚራ ሚኒታ ጎርደን ፡ ፖለቲከኛ ቤሊዝ ( 1930 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ፌሊክስ ታራሰንኮ ፡ ሩስያዊ ክኢላ ስነ-ሕሳብ ( 1932 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ፍሎይድ ሊትል ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ( 1942 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ጆርጅ ዊትሞር ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተቐዳዳማይ ኣኽራንን ተጣባቒ ከባብን ( 1931 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ጃን ደ ቢ ፡ ሆላንዳዊ ቀባእን ሰኣላይን ( 1946 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ያን ቨሪንግ ፡ ጀርመናዊ ደራፋይ ወንጌል፡ ጋዜጠኛን ጸሓፊ ተዋስኦን ( 1954 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ዣን ፓኒስ ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ተዋሳኣይ ( 1928 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ጆሴ ክሊዮናንስዮ ዳ ፎንሰካ ፡ ብራዚላዊ ፖለቲከኛን ነጋዳይን ( 1936 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ሊያም ረይሊ ፡ ኣየርላንዳዊ ደራፋይ ( 1955 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ማርክ ኤደን ፡ እንግሊዛዊ ተዋሳኣይ ( 1928 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – መሓመድ ታቂ ምስባህ ያዝዲ ፡ ኢራን ፖለቲከኛ ( 1934 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ኖርማ ፡ ፈረንሳዊት ስነጥበባዊት ኮሚክስ ( 1946 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – Paatje Phefferkorn , ሆላንዳዊ መምህርን ተግባራዊ ምትሕውዋስ ማርሻል ኣርቲስትን ( 1922 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ፓብሎ ሄርናንደዝ ፡ ኮሎምብያዊ ኣትሌት ቅድድም ብሽክለታ ( 1940 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ፔጅ ረንስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ጸሓፊትን ኣሰናዳኢትን ( 1929 ተወሊዳ ) ** 2021 – Seizō Fukumoto , ጃፓናዊ ተዋሳኣይ ( 1943 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ሲሞነ ክሪሶስቶም ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ወተሃደርን ኣባል ተቓውሞ ፈረንሳን ( 1923 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ሳን ኪያኦሉ ፡ ቻይናዊት ተዋሳኢትን ሞዴልን ( 1995 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2021 – ቶኣቡር ራሂም ፡ ባንግላደሻዊ ፖለቲከኛ ** 2021 – ትራውደ ዲርዶርፍ ፡ ኦስትርያዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1947 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2021 – ዞራን ዶርለቭ ፡ ሰሜናዊ መቄዶንያዊ ተጻዋታይ ክራር ( 1967 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2022 – ጳውሎስ ኣደግቦየጋ ኦላዎር ፡ ናይጀርያዊ ሮማዊት ካቶሊክ ጳጳስ ( 1961 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2022 – ኤድና ብራውን ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ፖለቲከኛ ( 1940 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2022 – ባርባራ ቺልኮት ፡ ካናዳዊት ተዋሳኢት ( 1922 ተወሊዳ ) ** 2022 - ሞሪስ ብላንቻርድ ኮሂል ጁንየር። ፣ ኣሜሪካዊ ጠበቓን ፖለቲከኛን ( 1929 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2022 – ዣን-ፒየር ደፎንታይን ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1937 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2022 – ሪቻርድ ፍሪድ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ነቓፊ ሙዚቃ፡ ኣሰናዳኢን ኣሕታምን ( 1928 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2022 – ማክስ ጁልያን ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተዋሳኣይ፡ ቅርጻዊን ዲዛይነር ኣከዳድናን ( 1933 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2022 – ሮቢን ሊሚ ፡ ኒውዚላንድ ሮማዊ ካቶሊካዊ ጳጳስ ( 1934 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2022 – ፒየር ፓርሱስ ፡ ፈረንሳዊ ቀባእን ዲዛይነርን ( 1921 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2022 – ዳን ሪቭስ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ነበርን ኣሰልጣኒን መጥቃዕታዊ ምጥቃዕ ዝጻወት ዝነበረ ( 1944 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2023 – ማሪዮ ኣርታሊ ፡ ኢጣልያዊ ፖለቲከኛን ነጋዳይን ( 1938 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2023 – ኤን ሲ ደባርማ ፡ ህንዳዊ ፖለቲከኛን ኣመሓዳሪን ( 1942 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) ** 2023 – ጋንግስታ ቡ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ሙዚቀኛ ራፕ ( 1979 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2023 – ቦብ ጆንገን ፡ ጀርመናዊ ተወላዲ ሆላንዳዊ ፕሮፌሽናል ተጻዋታይ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ነበር ( 1927 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2023 – ካድሪ ማልክ ፡ ኢስቶንያዊ ስነጥበባዊን ዲዛይነር ስልማትን ( 1958 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2023 – ኣርተር ማክናሊ ፡ ኣመሪካዊ ኣካያዲ ስራሕን ኣሰልጣንን ስፖርት ( 1925 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2023 – ጉኦ ናንሆንግ ፡ ታይዋናዊ ፖለቲከኛ ( 1936 ተወሊዱ ) ** 2023 – Meenakshi Narain , ህንዳዊ-ኣመሪካዊ ፈተነ ፊዚከኛ (ል. 1964 ) ** 2023 – Lise Nørgaard , ደንማርካዊት ጋዜጠኛ፡ ደራሲትን ጸሓፊት ስክሪንን ( 1917 ተወሊዳ ) ** 2023 – ኢዲት ፐርልማን ፡ ኣመሪካዊት ጸሓፊት ሓጸርቲ ዛንታታት ( 1936 ተወሊዳ ) ** 2023 – ፋን ዌይታንግ ፡ ቻይናዊ መሃንድስን ፖለቲከኛን ( 1935 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ) == በዓላትን ፍሉያት መዓልታትን [ edit | ምንጪ ለውጢ ] . == * ሓድሽ ዓመት * ሃገራዊ መዓልቲ ኩባ * መዓልቲ ናጽነት ሱዳን * ድግስ ኣፍቀርቲ ቃንዛ * መዓልቲ ህዝባዊ ዓውዲ {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" | * <abbr>ሰ</abbr> * <abbr>ት</abbr> * <abbr>መ</abbr> ኣዋርሕን መዓልታትን ዓመት​ |- | colspan="2" |'''ሎሚ''' ፡ ሚያዝያ 1 , 2024 [refresh] |- !ባርዕ ሓዊ |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |- !ለካቲት |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 |- !መጋቢት |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |- !ጉንበት |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |- !ተዝኸዉን |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |- !ሰነ |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |- !ሓምለ |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |- !ነሓሰ |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |- !መስከረም |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |- !ጥቅምቲ |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |- !ሕዳር |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |- !ታሕሳስ |1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |- | colspan="2" |ደረጃ ዘይብሎም ዕለታት |} efuuvv6aewgiyjcyldum622u01a2ffl 0 6289 24756 2024-04-10T23:13:33Z Siiuu07 8856 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1218055964|Ligue 1]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{ክደናገር|EFL League One|Lao League 1}}'''ሊግ 1''' ፣ {{efn-ua|{{IPA-fr|liɡ œ̃|lang}}; "League 1"}} ብወግዒ ብ '''Ligue 1 ዝፍለጥ Uber Eats''' ብስፖንሰርሺፕ ምኽንያት፣ ናይ ፈረንሳ ፕሮፌሽናል ሊግ ናይ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ማሕበር ኩዕሶ እግሪ ክለባት እዩ። ኣብ ስርዓተ ሊግ ኩዕሶ እግሪ ፈረንሳ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ብምዃኑ ፡ ቀዳማይ ውድድር ኩዕሶ እግሪ እታ ሃገር እዩ። ብሊግ ዲ ፉትቦል ፕሮፌሽናል ዝምራሕ ሊግ 1 ብ18 ክለባት (ክሳብ 2023–24 ዓመተ ስፖርት) ዝወዳደር ኮይኑ፡ ካብን ናብን ሊግ 2 ናይ ምድያብን ምውራድን ስርዓት ዝሰርሕ እዩ። ወቕትታት ካብ ነሓሰ ክሳብ ግንቦት ይቕጽል። ክለባት ምስ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ካልኦት ጋንታታት ናይቲ ሊግ ክልተ ጸወታታት ይገብራ - ሓንቲ ኣብ ሜድአን ሓንቲ ድማ ካብ ሜድአን ወጻኢ - ብድምር ኣብዚ ዓመተ ስፖርት 34 ጸወታታት ይገብራ። መብዛሕትኡ ጸወታታት ቀዳምን ሰንበትን ዝካየድ ኮይኑ፡ ውሑዳት ጸወታታት ኣብ ሰሙን ምሸት ዝካየድ እዩ። ጸወታ ብቐጻሊ ኣብ መወዳእታ ሰሙን መወዳእታ ቅድሚ ልደት ንኽልተ ሰሙን ይቋረጽ፡ ኣብ ካልኣይ ሰሙን ወርሒ ጥሪ ድማ ይምለስ። ካብ 2021 ጀሚሩ ሊግ 1 ሓደ ካብቶም ላዕለዎት ሃገራዊ ሊጋት ኮይኑ ፡ ኣብ ኤውሮጳ ድሕሪ ፕሪምየር ሊግ እንግሊዝ ፡ ስጳኛዊ ላሊጋ ፡ ኢጣልያ ሰሪኣን ጀርመን ቡንደስሊጋን ኣብ 5ይ ደረጃ ተሰሪዑ ይርከብ። ሊግ 1 ድሕሪ ናይ ሓደ ዓመት ህላወ ናብ ''ዲቪዥን 1'' ቅድሚ ምቕያራ ብ11 መስከረም 1932 ''ብሃገራዊ'' ስም ተመሪቓ። ክሳብ 2002 በቲ ስም ስርሑ ቀጺሉ፡ ሽዑ ድማ ነቲ ሕጂ ዘለዎ ስም ሒዙ። ፓሪስ ሴንት ጀርመን ዓሰርተ ሓደ ዋንጫ ሊግ ብምዕዋት እታ ዝበዝሐ ዕዉት ክለብ ክትከውን ከላ ፡ ሊዮን ድማ እታ ዝበዝሐ ተኸታተልቲ ዋንጫታት (ኣብ መንጎ 2002ን 2008ን 7 ዋንጫታት) ዝዓተረት ክለብ እያ። ሴንት ኢቲያን ዓሰርተ ዋንጫታት ዘመዝገበት ቀዳመይቲ ክለብ እያ ነይራ። ኣብ ሊግ 1 71 ዓመታት ብምህላዋ ፡ ማርሴ ኣብ ሞንጎ ኤሊት ዝበዝሐ ዓመታት ናይ ምጽዋት ክብረወሰን ክትሕዝ ከላ፡ ፓሪስ ሴንት ጀርመን ድማ 47 ተኸታተልቲ ዓመታት (ካብ 1974 ክሳብ ሕጂ) ብምምዝጋብ ናይ ነዊሕ ዕድመ ክብረወሰን ሊግ ሒዛ ኣላ። ናንተስ ኣብ ሓደ ዓመተ ስፖርት ዝነውሐ ተኸታታሊ ዘይተሳዕረት (32 ጸወታታት)ን ዝወሓደ ቁጽሪ ስዕረት (ሓደ ጸወታ) ዘመዝገበትን ጋንታ ኮይና፡ ኣብ 1994–95 ከምኡ ዝገበረት እያ። ብተወሳኺ ናንተስ ካብ ግንቦት 1976 ክሳብ ሚያዝያ 1981 92 ጸወታታት ብምክያድ ኣብ ሜድኣ ከይተሳዕረት ዝነውሐ ግዜ ክብረወሰን ሒዛ ኣላ። ኣብዚ እዋን ሻምፕዮን ዝኾነት ፓሪስ ሴንት ጀርመን ኮይና ኣብ ዓመተ ስፖርት 2022-23 ክብረወሰን መበል ዓሰርተ ሓደ ዋንጫ ክትዓትር ክኢላ እያ። እዚ ሊግ ብተደጋጋሚ ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ዝመደበሩ ክለብ ሞናኮ ተዓዊቱ ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ እቲ ሊግ ምህላዉ ድማ ስግረ-ዶባዊ ውድድር ይገብሮ። ቅድሚ ዓመተ ስፖርት 2023–24፡ ቁጽሪ ጋንታታት ናይቲ ሊግ ናብ 18 ክወርድ እዩ፤ ኣብ 2022–23 ሊግ 1 ዝርከባ ኣርባዕተ ጋንታታት ናብ ሊግ 2 ክወርዳ እየን፡ ኣብ ሊግ 2 ድማ ክልተ ጋንታታት ጥራይ ናብ ሊግ 1 ክድይባ እየን gfeuz0pnqj4fsuwe3t43dxsf1vobbup 0 6291 24765 2024-05-04T21:37:23Z 202.124.168.61 ሓደ ተወሳኺ ጽሑፍ wikitext text/x-wiki [[ፋይል:Ciano Whake.jpg|200px|thumb|right]] '''ዋክ''' ብራዚላዊ ኣወሃሃዲ ሙዚቃን ኣፍራዪ ሙዚቃን እዩ። ኣብ መፋርቕ 2020 ናይ ሙዚቃ ሞያኡ ጀሚሩ። [[መደብ:ኣወሃሃድቲ ሙዚቃ]] 851znb1pe3dvs0h48k4copms031gd8h 0 6292 24767 2024-05-08T19:20:04Z 2A01:CB10:8AA8:5E00:3992:27F2:182B:37A2 Hello,ትግርኛ I added a new Wikipedia page, in my native Tigrinya. wikitext text/x-wiki {{ ሓጺር መግለጺ| ዓይነት ቤት መግቢ}} {{ጽሬት ዳግማይ ምጽሓፍ| ዕለት=ሓምለ 2021 ዓ.ም}} [[File:The Fat Duck (8197181654).jpg|thumb|right|A fine dining meal]] '''Fine dining''' ብተለምዶ ካብቲ ማእከላይ ቤት መግቢኻ ዝያዳ ዝተራቐቐን ፍሉይን ዝኸበረን ናይ መመገቢ ተመክሮ እዩ። The [[Interior design|décor]] ናይ ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ ቤት መግቢ ዝለዓለ ጽሬት ዘለዎም ንዋት ዝሓዘ ኮይኑ፡ ትካላት ብሓፈሻ በጻሕቲ ክኽተልዎ ትጽቢት ዝግበረሎም ዝተወሰኑ ሕግታት መመገቢ ዘለዎም ኮይኖም፡ ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ድማ ሀ [[dress code]]. [https://restaurantlemeulien.com/ Fine dining establishments] ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ይጽውዑ '' ጻዕዳ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛ ዘለዎም ቤት መግቢ'', ምኽንያቱ ብባህሊ ይቐርቡ ነይሮም [[table service]] ብኣገልገልቲ፡ ኣብ ጻዕዳ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛታት ዝተሸፈነ ጠረጴዛታት። እቲ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛ ነቲ ተመክሮ ንምምሳል መጺኡ። ጻዕዳ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛ ምጥቃም ኣብ መወዳእታ ፋሽን ኰይኑ፡ እቲ ኣገልግሎትን ብሉጽ ሃዋህውን ግን ተሪፉ።<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/dining-and-drinking/sd-et-dining-guide-white-tablecloth-20160930-story.html|title= ጽቡቕ መመገቢ ናይ ብሓቂ ጽቡቕ ዝኾነሉ።|last=Parente|first=Michele|website=San Diego Union Tribune|date=20 October 2016 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-12|quote=ከም ጻዕዳ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛ ጽቡቕ መመገቢ ዘመልክት የለን። እቲ ጻዕዳ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛ ካብ ቅጥን ዝበለ ጨርቂ ንላዕሊ፡ ሓደ ቤት መግቢ ምስ ዓማዊሉ ዝገበሮ ዘይተገልጸ ውዕል፡ ልዑል መግቢ፡ ዓለምለኻዊ ደረጃ ዘለዎ ዝርዝር ወይኒን ብሉጽ ኣገልግሎትን ዝብል መብጽዓ’ዩ። ኣብዚ ዘመን ሳልቫጅድ-ዕንጨይቲ፡ ናይ ሓባር-መኣዲ፡ ናይ ሓባር-ጻሕሊ ንቡር መመገቢ ቦታታት፡ እቲ ጻዕዳ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛ እዚ ቀዳማይ ነገር ዝድርበ እዩ። ኣዝዩ ምዕጻው፡ ኣዝዩ ስኖቢ፡ ኣዝዩ ዝኣረገ፡ እቲ ኣተሓሳስባ ይኸይድ።}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodnewsfeed.com/fsr/flavor/beyond-white-tablecloth-inside-bold-future-fine-dining| ርእሲ=ኪኖ እቲ ጻዕዳ ጨርቂ ጠረጴዛ: ኣብ ውሽጢ ደፋር መጻኢ ፋይን ዳይኒንግ|last=Kanter|first=Beth|date=2018-11-19|website=Food Newsfeed|language=en|access-date=2019-03-12|quote= ናይ ሎሚ ትርጉም ብሉጽ መመገቢ ምስ በፍታታት፡ ዓረብያታት በርበረን ስቕ ዝበለ ድምጽታትን ውሑድ ርክብ ኣለዎ፡ ዝያዳ ድማ ምስ ፈጠራን መንቅብ ዘይብሉ ኣገልግሎትን ዝተኣሳሰር’ዩ።}}</ref> ==ታሪኽ== ቅድመ-ምድላው ብሉጽ መመገቢ ኣብ ከባቢ 1780ታት ኣብ ጥዕና ዝነቕሓሉ እዋን እዩ ጀሚሩ [[Bouillon ( ቤት ብልዒ) |bouillon]] ድኳናት ናብ ዓበይቲ "ከም ትሮይስ ፍረረስን ላ ግራንደ ታቨርን ደ ሎንድረስን ዝኣመሰላ ፓሪሳውያን ቤት መግቢ" ተማዕቢለን።<ref name="hist_When">{{Cite web| title = When Did People Start Eating in Restaurants?| author = Roos, David| work = HISTORY| date = 18 May 2020| access-date = 1 August 2020|ርእሲ = ሰባት ኣብ ቤት መግቢ ምብላዕ ዝጀመሩ መዓስ እዮም?| ጸሓፊ = Roos, David| ስራሕ = ታሪኽ| date = 18 ግንቦት 2020| access-date = 1 ነሓሰ 2020| url = https://www.history.com/news/first-restaurants-china-france}}</ref> ኣብ ፈረንሳ፡ [[César Ritz]], ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ኣማዕባሊ፡ ምስ ፍሉጥ ፈረንሳዊ ሼፍ ሽርክነት ዝገበረ [[Auguste Escoffier]] ኣብ ግራንድ ሆቴል ሞንተ ካርሎ። እዚ ቤት መግቢ "ምቾት ዘለዎ መንበሪን ምቁር መመገቢን ኩሉ ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓደ ናሕሲ" ዘቕርብ ናይ መጀመርታ ቤት መግቢ ኮይኑ። ኣብ ፈረንሳ፡ ጽቡቕ መመገቢ ካልእ መገዲ ንኣፒንግ እቲ...[[aristocracy]].<ref> {{cite book | last1 = Doyle | first1 = William | author-link1 = William Doyle (historian) | title = ኣሪስቶክራሲ፡ ኣዝዩ ሓጺር መእተዊ | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CRo-iKeG_TIC | series = ብጣዕሚ ሓጸርቲ መእተዊታት | date = 25 ሕዳር 2010 ዓ.ም | location = Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | publication-date = 2010 | isbn = 9780191500633 | access-date = 9 August 2021 | quote = [...] እቲ ዓቢ ፈረንሳዊ ባህሊ ብሉጽ መግቢ መበገሲኡ ካብቲ ብሰውራዊ ስደት ትሑት ዝኾነ ዓበይቲ ስድራቤታት ስራሕ ኣልቦ ኣሰልጠንቲ ኣሰልጠንቲ ዝተመስረተ ቤት መግቢ እዩ።}}</ref> ካልኦት ምቾት ዘለዎም ሆቴላት ኣብ መላእ ኤውሮጳ ክምዕብሉ ግዜ ኣይወሰደሎምን።<ref name="theb_Howt"> {{መርበብ ሓበሬታ ምጥቃስ | title = ሰውራ ፈረንሳ ከመይ ጌሩ ጽቡቕ መግቢ ሂቡና። | author = ሚሊ፡ ሎሪ| work = እቲ ሚዛን ንእሽቶ ንግዲ | date = 2019-10-17| access-date = 1 ነሓሰ 2020 ዓ.ም | url = https://www.thebalancesmb.com/the-history-of-restaurants-part-2-2888665}}</ref> ኣብ ኣመሪካ ናይ መጀመርታ ብሉጽ መመገቢ ቤት መግቢ ኣብ ከተማ ኒውዮርክ ይሰርሓ ነይረን፣ ከም [[Delmonico's]] ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን። እቲ ቤት መግቢ 1000 ጥርሙዝ ዝሓዘ መኽዘን ወይኒ ዝሓዘ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ቦታ ይርከብ።<ref name="hist_When"/> == ከምኡውን ርአ== * [[Types of restaurants]] == መወከሲታት== {{reflist}} [[Category:Fine dining| ]] [[Category:Restaurants by type]] ih7f16d2kjrxq4spyqhca9gvfuspzn8 0 6294 24774 2024-05-11T11:14:17Z Kehaa 8913 ገጽ ምስ «{{ሓበሬታ ንኡስ ሃገራዊ ኣካል | መበቆላዊ ስም = ዎላይታ ሶዶ {{!}} ሶዶ | ምሉእ ስም = | ሕብረት = [[ርእሰ ከተማ]] | ሃገር = {{flagcountry|ኢትዮጵያ}} | ባንዴራ = no | ባንዴራ_ወሰን = no | ኣርማ = no | ስፍሓት = | img_panorama_urb = Wolayta Sodo.jpg | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 213,467 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2010 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ርእሰ_ከተማዊ = | ጻ...» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki rytqyf06bfgx4biequyhrshcxzpotnl 14 6295 24775 2024-05-11T11:24:02Z Kehaa 8913 ገጽ ምስ «[[መደብ:ከተማታት ኣፍሪቃ ብሃገር]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ooe59o8rrh7skuyta21la8yw7evrorb 14 6296 24776 2024-05-11T11:25:57Z Kehaa 8913 ገጽ ምስ «[[መደብ:ከተማታት ኣፍሪቃ]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki 411ni90n0zv59zpwhpj7pum2tn7zzb7 14 6297 24777 2024-05-11T11:27:10Z Kehaa 8913 ገጽ ምስ «[[መደብ:ከተማታት ብኣህጉር]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki d1ig4axmfu9c0azbfta2r828iyqkcg2 14 6298 24778 2024-05-11T11:29:17Z Kehaa 8913 ገጽ ምስ «[[መደብ:ከተማታት]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ko760srq7sjskpic5fdb67l8sn103q9 14 6299 24783 2024-05-12T09:33:48Z Kehaa 8913 ገጽ ምስ «[[መደብ:ዞባታት]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki ems6qtv3ep6ex893p2r01icufmy148b 14 6300 24785 2024-05-12T09:49:43Z Kehaa 8913 ገጽ ምስ «[[መደብ:ቀዳማይ ደረጃ ምምሕዳራዊ ክፍልታት ብሃገር]]» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki 0wx8l7neeo4deyko838ogb3p8q7xudo 0 6301 24786 2024-05-13T05:55:57Z 2600:6C50:7EF0:71E0:B4E3:9D1E:B294:A0B4 ገጽ ምስ «ሩቢ ሮዝ በንተን (2 ጥቅምቲ 1997 እተወልደት) ካብ ለክሲኮን ከንቱኪ ዝመጸት ናይ ኣመሪካ ራፕ ደራፊት ከምኡውን ሞዴል ኢያ ። {{stub}}» ተፈጢሩ wikitext text/x-wiki tjzwkga1nh2tcpiosj9ws8gkfqwohs4